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Jakovija A, Chtanova T. Neutrophil Interactions with the Lymphatic System. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082106. [PMID: 34440875 PMCID: PMC8393351 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system is a complex network of lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes designed to balance fluid homeostasis and facilitate host immune defence. Neutrophils are rapidly recruited to sites of inflammation to provide the first line of protection against microbial infections. The traditional view of neutrophils as short-lived cells, whose role is restricted to providing sterilizing immunity at sites of infection, is rapidly evolving to include additional functions at the interface between the innate and adaptive immune systems. Neutrophils travel via the lymphatics from the site of inflammation to transport antigens to lymph nodes. They can also enter lymph nodes from the blood by crossing high endothelial venules. Neutrophil functions in draining lymph nodes include pathogen control and modulation of adaptive immunity. Another facet of neutrophil interactions with the lymphatic system is their ability to promote lymphangiogenesis in draining lymph nodes and inflamed tissues. In this review, we discuss the significance of neutrophil migration to secondary lymphoid organs and within the lymphatic vasculature and highlight emerging evidence of the neutrophils’ role in lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnolda Jakovija
- Innate and Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Immunity Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia;
- St Vincent’s School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Tatyana Chtanova
- Innate and Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Immunity Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia;
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Correspondence:
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52
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Magod P, Mastandrea I, Rousso-Noori L, Agemy L, Shapira G, Shomron N, Friedmann-Morvinski D. Exploring the longitudinal glioma microenvironment landscape uncovers reprogrammed pro-tumorigenic neutrophils in the bone marrow. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109480. [PMID: 34348160 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent multi-omics studies show different immune tumor microenvironment (TME) compositions in glioblastoma (GBM). However, temporal comprehensive knowledge of the TME from initiation of the disease remains sparse. We use Cre recombinase (Cre)-inducible lentiviral murine GBM models to compare the cellular evolution of the immune TME in tumors initiated from different oncogenic drivers. We show that neutrophils infiltrate early during tumor progression primarily in the mesenchymal GBM model. Depleting neutrophils in vivo at the onset of disease accelerates tumor growth and reduces the median overall survival time of mice. We show that, as a tumor progresses, bone marrow-derived neutrophils are skewed toward a phenotype associated with pro-tumorigenic processes. Our findings suggest that GBM can remotely regulate systemic myeloid differentiation in the bone marrow to generate neutrophils pre-committed to a tumor-supportive phenotype. This work reveals plasticity in the systemic immune host microenvironment, suggesting an additional point of intervention in GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Magod
- The School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ignacio Mastandrea
- The School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Liat Rousso-Noori
- The School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Lilach Agemy
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Guy Shapira
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Noam Shomron
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Dinorah Friedmann-Morvinski
- The School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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53
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Elmusrati A, Wang J, Wang CY. Tumor microenvironment and immune evasion in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oral Sci 2021; 13:24. [PMID: 34341329 PMCID: PMC8329257 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-021-00131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), an aggressive malignancy, is characterized by high morbidity and low survival rates with limited therapeutic options outside of regional surgery, conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy, and irradiation. Increasing studies have supported the synergistic role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in cancer advancement. The immune system, in particular, plays a key role in surveillance against the initiation, development, and progression of HNSCC. The understanding of how neoplastic cells evolve and evade the immune system whether through self-immunogenicity manipulation, or expression of immunosuppressive mediators, provides the foundation for the development of advanced therapies. Furthermore, the crosstalk between cancer cells and the host immune system have a detrimental effect on the TME promoting angiogenesis, proliferation, and metastasis. This review provides a recent insight into the role of the key inflammatory cells infiltrating the TME, with a focus on reviewing immunological principles related to HNSCC, as cancer immunosurveillance and immune escape, including a brief overview of current immunotherapeutic strategies and ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areeg Elmusrati
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Justin Wang
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Cun-Yu Wang
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
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Hot or cold: Bioengineering immune contextures into in vitro patient-derived tumor models. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113791. [PMID: 33965462 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have proven to be tremendously effective for a subset of cancer patients. However, it is difficult to predict the response of individual patients and efforts are now directed at understanding the mechanisms of ICI resistance. Current models of patient tumors poorly recapitulate the immune contexture, which describe immune parameters that are associated with patient survival. In this Review, we discuss parameters that influence the induction of different immune contextures found within tumors and how engineering strategies may be leveraged to recapitulate these contextures to develop the next generation of immune-competent patient-derived in vitro models.
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Rawat S, Vrati S, Banerjee A. Neutrophils at the crossroads of acute viral infections and severity. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 81:100996. [PMID: 34284874 PMCID: PMC8286244 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are versatile immune effector cells essential for mounting a first-line defense against invading pathogens. However, uncontrolled activation can lead to severe life-threatening complications. Neutrophils exist as a heterogeneous population, and their interaction with pathogens and other immune cells may shape the outcome of the host immune response. Diverse classes of viruses, including the recently identified novel SARS-CoV-2, have shown to alter the various aspects of neutrophil biology, offering possibilities for selective intervention. Here, we review heterogeneity within the neutrophil population, highlighting the functional consequences of circulating phenotypes and their critical involvement in exaggerating protective and pathological immune responses against the viruses. We discuss the recent findings of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in COVID-19 pathology and cover other viruses, where neutrophil biology and NETs are crucial for developing disease severity. In the end, we have also pointed out the areas where neutrophil-mediated responses can be finely tuned to outline opportunities for therapeutic manipulation in controlling inflammation against viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surender Rawat
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Sudhanshu Vrati
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Arup Banerjee
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
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56
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Burn GL, Foti A, Marsman G, Patel DF, Zychlinsky A. The Neutrophil. Immunity 2021; 54:1377-1391. [PMID: 34260886 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are immune cells with unusual biological features that furnish potent antimicrobial properties. These cells phagocytose and subsequently kill prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms very efficiently. Importantly, it is not only their ability to attack microbes within a constrained intracellular compartment that endows neutrophils with antimicrobial function. They can unleash their effectors into the extracellular space, where, even post-mortem, their killing machinery can endure and remain functional. The antimicrobial activity of neutrophils must not be misconstrued as being microbe specific and should be viewed more generally as biotoxic. Outside of fighting infections, neutrophils can harness their noxious machinery in other contexts, like cancer. Inappropriate or dysregulated neutrophil activation damages the host and contributes to autoimmune and inflammatory disease. Here we review a number of topics related to neutrophil biology based on contemporary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garth Lawrence Burn
- Department of Cellular Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessandro Foti
- Department of Cellular Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerben Marsman
- Department of Cellular Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dhiren Ferise Patel
- Department of Cellular Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arturo Zychlinsky
- Department of Cellular Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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57
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Neutrophils in Tumorigenesis: Missing Targets for Successful Next Generation Cancer Therapies? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136744. [PMID: 34201758 PMCID: PMC8268516 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils—once considered as simple killers of pathogens and unexciting for cancer research—are now acknowledged for their role in the process of tumorigenesis. Neutrophils are recruited to the tumor microenvironment where they turn into tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), and are able to initiate and promote tumor progression and metastasis. Conversely, anti-tumorigenic properties of neutrophils have been documented, highlighting the versatile nature and high pleiotropic plasticity of these polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN-L). Here, we dissect the ambivalent roles of TANs in cancer and focus on selected functional aspects that could be therapeutic targets. Indeed, the critical point of targeting TAN functions lies in the fact that an immunosuppressive state could be induced, resulting in unwanted side effects. A deeper knowledge of the mechanisms linked to diverse TAN functions in different cancer types is necessary to define appropriate therapeutic strategies that are able to induce and maintain an anti-tumor microenvironment.
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58
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Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Immunosuppressive Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115801. [PMID: 34071550 PMCID: PMC8198390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer has the fourth highest mortality rate of all cancers worldwide, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) being the most prevalent subtype. Despite great advances in systemic therapy, such as molecular-targeted agents, HCC has one of the worst prognoses due to drug resistance and frequent recurrence and metastasis. Recently, new therapeutic strategies such as cancer immunosuppressive therapy have prolonged patients' lives, and the combination of an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) and VEGF inhibitor is now positioned as the first-line therapy for advanced HCC. Since the efficacy of ICIs depends on the tumor immune microenvironment, it is necessary to elucidate the immune environment of HCC to select appropriate ICIs. In this review, we summarize the findings on the immune microenvironment and immunosuppressive approaches focused on monoclonal antibodies against cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 and programmed cell death protein 1 for HCC. We also describe ongoing treatment modalities, including adoptive cell transfer-based therapies and future areas of exploration based on recent literature. The results of pre-clinical studies using immunological classification and animal models will contribute to the development of biomarkers that predict the efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy and aid in the selection of appropriate strategies for HCC treatment.
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59
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Khalaf K, Hana D, Chou JTT, Singh C, Mackiewicz A, Kaczmarek M. Aspects of the Tumor Microenvironment Involved in Immune Resistance and Drug Resistance. Front Immunol 2021; 12:656364. [PMID: 34122412 PMCID: PMC8190405 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.656364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and ever-changing "rogue organ" composed of its own blood supply, lymphatic and nervous systems, stroma, immune cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). These complex components, utilizing both benign and malignant cells, nurture the harsh, immunosuppressive and nutrient-deficient environment necessary for tumor cell growth, proliferation and phenotypic flexibility and variation. An important aspect of the TME is cellular crosstalk and cell-to-ECM communication. This interaction induces the release of soluble factors responsible for immune evasion and ECM remodeling, which further contribute to therapy resistance. Other aspects are the presence of exosomes contributed by both malignant and benign cells, circulating deregulated microRNAs and TME-specific metabolic patterns which further potentiate the progression and/or resistance to therapy. In addition to biochemical signaling, specific TME characteristics such as the hypoxic environment, metabolic derangements, and abnormal mechanical forces have been implicated in the development of treatment resistance. In this review, we will provide an overview of tumor microenvironmental composition, structure, and features that influence immune suppression and contribute to treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Khalaf
- Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Doris Hana
- Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jadzia Tin-Tsen Chou
- Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Chandpreet Singh
- Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mackiewicz
- Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarek
- Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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60
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Recent advances in tumor microenvironment-targeted nanomedicine delivery approaches to overcome limitations of immune checkpoint blockade-based immunotherapy. J Control Release 2021; 332:109-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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61
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Minns D, Smith KJ, Hardisty G, Rossi AG, Gwyer Findlay E. The Outcome of Neutrophil-T Cell Contact Differs Depending on Activation Status of Both Cell Types. Front Immunol 2021; 12:633486. [PMID: 33859639 PMCID: PMC8042376 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.633486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils and T cells exist in close proximity in lymph nodes and inflamed tissues during health and disease. They are able to form stable interactions, with profound effects on the phenotype and function of the T cells. However, the outcome of these effects are frequently contradictory; in some systems neutrophils suppress T cell proliferation, in others they are activatory or present antigen directly. Published protocols modelling these interactions in vitro do not reflect the full range of interactions found in vivo; they do not examine how activated and naïve T cells differentially respond to neutrophils, or whether de-granulating or resting neutrophils induce different outcomes. Here, we established a culture protocol to ask these questions with human T cells and autologous neutrophils. We find that resting neutrophils suppress T cell proliferation, activation and cytokine production but that de-granulating neutrophils do not, and neutrophil-released intracellular contents enhance proliferation. Strikingly, we also demonstrate that T cells early in the activation process are susceptible to suppression by neutrophils, while later-stage T cells are not, and naïve T cells do not respond at all. Our protocol therefore allows nuanced analysis of the outcome of interaction of these cells and may explain the contradictory results observed previously.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Emily Gwyer Findlay
- Centre for Inflammation Research, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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62
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Talty R, Olino K. Metabolism of Innate Immune Cells in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040904. [PMID: 33670082 PMCID: PMC7927092 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Both cancer cells and immune cells depend on specific metabolic programs for their survival and function. Depending on which metabolic changes occur, immune cells can either promote or suppress the antitumor immune response. This review summarizes the metabolic pathways that polarize innate immune cells for immune activation or suppression and describes the current clinical applications of these findings. Abstract Cancer cells possess specific metabolic requirements for their survival, proliferation, and progression. Within a shared microenvironment, immune cells depend on competing metabolic pathways for their development and effector function. As a result, local acidification, hypoxia, and nutrient depletion in the tumor microenvironment can alter the antitumor immune response and even promote resistance to immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockade and adoptive cell transfer. Although T cells are the primary effectors of the antitumor response, growing evidence demonstrates that innate immune cells are critical to successful tumor clearance. This review aims to summarize current research related to the innate immune system, metabolism, and cancer. We first discuss the specific metabolic requirements of innate immune cells for immune activation and suppression and conclude by highlighting ongoing clinical applications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Talty
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;
| | - Kelly Olino
- Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Correspondence:
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63
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Grzywa TM, Justyniarska M, Nowis D, Golab J. Tumor Immune Evasion Induced by Dysregulation of Erythroid Progenitor Cells Development. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:870. [PMID: 33669537 PMCID: PMC7922079 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells harness normal cells to facilitate tumor growth and metastasis. Within this complex network of interactions, the establishment and maintenance of immune evasion mechanisms are crucial for cancer progression. The escape from the immune surveillance results from multiple independent mechanisms. Recent studies revealed that besides well-described myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) or regulatory T-cells (Tregs), erythroid progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in the regulation of immune response and tumor progression. EPCs are immature erythroid cells that differentiate into oxygen-transporting red blood cells. They expand in the extramedullary sites, including the spleen, as well as infiltrate tumors. EPCs in cancer produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and express programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and potently suppress T-cells. Thus, EPCs regulate antitumor, antiviral, and antimicrobial immunity, leading to immune suppression. Moreover, EPCs promote tumor growth by the secretion of growth factors, including artemin. The expansion of EPCs in cancer is an effect of the dysregulation of erythropoiesis, leading to the differentiation arrest and enrichment of early-stage EPCs. Therefore, anemia treatment, targeting ineffective erythropoiesis, and the promotion of EPC differentiation are promising strategies to reduce cancer-induced immunosuppression and the tumor-promoting effects of EPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz M. Grzywa
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (T.M.G.); (M.J.)
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Justyniarska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (T.M.G.); (M.J.)
| | - Dominika Nowis
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (T.M.G.); (M.J.)
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64
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Shi Y, Tomczak K, Li J, Ochieng JK, Lee Y, Haymaker C. Next-Generation Immunotherapies to Improve Anticancer Immunity. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:566401. [PMID: 33505304 PMCID: PMC7831045 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.566401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint inhibitors are widely used immunotherapies for advanced cancer. Nonetheless, checkpoint inhibitors have a relatively low response rate, work in a limited range of cancers, and have some unignorable side effects. Checkpoint inhibitors aim to reinvigorate exhausted or suppressed T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the TME contains various other immune cell subsets that interact to determine the fate of cytotoxic T cells. Activation of cytotoxic T cells is initiated by antigen cross-presentation of dendritic cells. Dendritic cells could also release chemokines and cytokines to recruit and foster T cells. B cells, another type of antigen-presenting cell, also foster T cells and can produce tumor-specific antibodies. Neutrophils, a granulocyte cell subset in the TME, impede the proliferation and activation of T cells. The TME also consists of cytotoxic innate natural killer cells, which kill tumor cells efficiently. Natural killer cells can eradicate major histocompatibility complex I-negative tumor cells, which escape cytotoxic T cell–mediated destruction. A thorough understanding of the immune mechanism of the TME, as reviewed here, will lead to further development of more powerful therapeutic strategies. We have also reviewed the clinical outcomes of patients treated with drugs targeting these immune cells to identify strategies for improvement and possible immunotherapy combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Shi
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Katarzyna Tomczak
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - June Li
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joshua K Ochieng
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Younghee Lee
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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65
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Guo E, Wu C, Ming J, Zhang W, Zhang L, Hu G. The Clinical Significance of DNA Damage Repair Signatures in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Genet 2021; 11:593039. [PMID: 33488669 PMCID: PMC7820869 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.593039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage repair plays an important role in cancer’s initiation and progression, and in therapeutic resistance. The prognostic potential of damage repair indicators was studied in the case of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Gene expression profiles of the disease were downloaded from cancer genome databases and gene ontology was applied to the DNA repair-related genes. Twenty-six differentially expressed DNA repair genes were identified, and regression analysis was used to identify those with prognostic potential and to construct a risk model. The model accurately predicted patient outcomes and distinguished among patients with different expression levels of immune evasion genes. The data indicate that DNA repair genes can be valuable for predicting the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma and the clinical benefits of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ergang Guo
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan
| | - Cheng Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan
| | - Jun Ming
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan
| | - Linli Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan
| | - Guoqing Hu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan
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66
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An Overview of Advances in Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapies Based on the Multiple Immune-Cancer Cell Interactions. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2097:139-171. [PMID: 31776925 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0203-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumors have a complex ecosystem in which behavior and fate are determined by the interaction of diverse cancerous and noncancerous cells at local and systemic levels. A number of studies indicate that various immune cells participate in tumor development (Fig. 1). In this review, we will discuss interactions among T lymphocytes (T cells), B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DCs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), neutrophils, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). In addition, we will touch upon attempts to either use or block subsets of immune cells to target cancer.
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67
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Gómez-Aleza C, Nguyen B, Yoldi G, Ciscar M, Barranco A, Hernández-Jiménez E, Maetens M, Salgado R, Zafeiroglou M, Pellegrini P, Venet D, Garaud S, Trinidad EM, Benítez S, Vuylsteke P, Polastro L, Wildiers H, Simon P, Lindeman G, Larsimont D, Van den Eynden G, Velghe C, Rothé F, Willard-Gallo K, Michiels S, Muñoz P, Walzer T, Planelles L, Penninger J, Azim HA, Loi S, Piccart M, Sotiriou C, González-Suárez E. Inhibition of RANK signaling in breast cancer induces an anti-tumor immune response orchestrated by CD8+ T cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6335. [PMID: 33303745 PMCID: PMC7728758 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most breast cancers exhibit low immune infiltration and are unresponsive to immunotherapy. We hypothesized that inhibition of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK) signaling pathway may enhance immune activation. Here we report that loss of RANK signaling in mouse tumor cells increases leukocytes, lymphocytes, and CD8+ T cells, and reduces macrophage and neutrophil infiltration. CD8+ T cells mediate the attenuated tumor phenotype observed upon RANK loss, whereas neutrophils, supported by RANK-expressing tumor cells, induce immunosuppression. RANKL inhibition increases the anti-tumor effect of immunotherapies in breast cancer through a tumor cell mediated effect. Comparably, pre-operative single-agent denosumab in premenopausal early-stage breast cancer patients from the Phase-II D-BEYOND clinical trial (NCT01864798) is well tolerated, inhibits RANK pathway and increases tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and CD8+ T cells. Higher RANK signaling activation in tumors and serum RANKL levels at baseline predict these immune-modulatory effects. No changes in tumor cell proliferation (primary endpoint) or other secondary endpoints are observed. Overall, our preclinical and clinical findings reveal that tumor cells exploit RANK pathway as a mechanism to evade immune surveillance and support the use of RANK pathway inhibitors to prime luminal breast cancer for immunotherapy. Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK)/RANK-ligand (RANKL) signaling regulates the tumor-immune crosstalk. Here the authors show that systemic RANKL inhibition promotes CD8 + T cell infiltration in patients with early breast cancer and that loss of RANK signaling in tumor cells drives a T cell-dependent anti-tumor response in preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Gómez-Aleza
- Oncobell, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bastien Nguyen
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory J.-C. Heuson, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Guillermo Yoldi
- Oncobell, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Ciscar
- Oncobell, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Molecular Oncology, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandra Barranco
- Oncobell, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Molecular Oncology, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marion Maetens
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory J.-C. Heuson, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roberto Salgado
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory J.-C. Heuson, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, GZA-ZNA Ziekenhuizen, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maria Zafeiroglou
- Oncobell, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pasquale Pellegrini
- Oncobell, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Venet
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory J.-C. Heuson, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Soizic Garaud
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eva M Trinidad
- Oncobell, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Benítez
- Oncobell, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Vuylsteke
- Department of Medical Oncology, Université Catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL, Namur, site Sainte-Elisabeth, Namur, Belgium
| | - Laura Polastro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe Simon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geoffrey Lindeman
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Denis Larsimont
- Department of Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gert Van den Eynden
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chloé Velghe
- Clinical Trial Supporting Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Françoise Rothé
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory J.-C. Heuson, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karen Willard-Gallo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefan Michiels
- Service de Biostatistique et D'Epidémiologie, Gustave Roussy, CESP, U1018, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médcine, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Purificación Muñoz
- Oncobell, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thierry Walzer
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, CIRI, Inserm U1111, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - Lourdes Planelles
- BiOncotech Therapeutics, Parc Cientific Universitat, Valencia, Spain
| | - Josef Penninger
- Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hatem A Azim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sherene Loi
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Martine Piccart
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christos Sotiriou
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory J.-C. Heuson, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Eva González-Suárez
- Oncobell, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain. .,Molecular Oncology, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
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68
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Kalafati L, Mitroulis I, Verginis P, Chavakis T, Kourtzelis I. Neutrophils as Orchestrators in Tumor Development and Metastasis Formation. Front Oncol 2020; 10:581457. [PMID: 33363012 PMCID: PMC7758500 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.581457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of clinical and experimental evidence suggest that immune cell plasticity is a central player in tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis formation. Neutrophils are able to promote or inhibit tumor growth. Through their interaction with tumor cells or their crosstalk with other immune cell subsets in the tumor microenvironment, they modulate tumor cell survival. Here, we summarize current knowledge with regards to the mechanisms that underlie neutrophil–mediated effects on tumor establishment and metastasis development. We also discuss the tumor-mediated effects on granulopoiesis and neutrophil precursors in the bone marrow and the involvement of neutrophils in anti-tumor therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Kalafati
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases, Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ioannis Mitroulis
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Panayotis Verginis
- University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ioannis Kourtzelis
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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69
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Wu L, Zhang XHF. Tumor-Associated Neutrophils and Macrophages-Heterogenous but Not Chaotic. Front Immunol 2020; 11:553967. [PMID: 33343560 PMCID: PMC7738476 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.553967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) have been extensively studied. Their pleotropic roles were observed in multiple steps of tumor progression and metastasis, and sometimes appeared to be inconsistent across different studies. In this review, we collectively discussed many lines of evidence supporting the mutual influence between cancer cells and TAMs/TANs. We focused on how direct interactions among these cells dictate co-evolution involving not only clonal competition of cancer cells, but also landscape shift of the entire tumor microenvironment (TME). This co-evolution may take distinct paths and contribute to the heterogeneity of cancer cells and immune cells across different tumors. A more in-depth understanding of the cancer-TAM/TAN co-evolution will shed light on the development of TME that mediates metastasis and therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wu
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xiang H.-F. Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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70
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Prognostic impact of peripheral blood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in advanced-stage pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and its association with the immune-related tumour microenvironment. Br J Cancer 2020; 124:925-932. [PMID: 33250511 PMCID: PMC7921668 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01188-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) patients remains unclear. Thus, we performed a retrospective study to examine the relationship between the pretreatment NLR and clinical outcome in advanced LCNEC patients and the impact of the immune-related tumour microenvironment (TME). Methods This retrospective study included 63 advanced LCNEC patients who had received chemotherapy. We collected clinical data and investigated the TME status (CD4, CD8, CD20 and FOXP3). Results The overall survival of the patients with a low NLR (<5) was significantly longer than those with a high NLR (≥5) (14.9 vs. 5.2 months; p < 0.001). A multivariate analysis identified a high NLR as a predictor of a poor prognosis (HR, 3.43; 95% CI, 1.73–6.79; p < 0.001). The NLR was inversely correlated with tumoural and stromal CD8-positive tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (tumoural: r = −0.648, p = 0.005, stromal: r = −0.490, p = 0.046). Conclusions A high NLR was associated with a poor prognosis in advanced LCNEC patients. Our study revealed that the NLR can reflect the TME, at least in part, suggesting that the NLR plays an important role not only as a clinical outcome predictor but also as a tumour immune status indicator.
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71
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Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A 2021 Update. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102859. [PMID: 33020428 PMCID: PMC7600093 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of one of the most frequent liver cancers and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Current treatment options such as surgery, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, liver transplantation, and radiofrequency ablation will benefit only a very small percentage of patients. Immunotherapy is a novel treatment approach representing an effective and promising option against several types of cancer. The aim of our study is to present the currently ongoing clinical trials and to evaluate the efficacy of immunotherapy in HCC. In this paper, we demonstrate that combination of different immunotherapies or immunotherapy with other modalities results in better overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) compared to single immunotherapy agent. Another objective of this paper is to demonstrate and highlight the importance of tumor microenvironment as a predictive and prognostic marker and its clinical implications in immunotherapy response.
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72
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Long W, Chen J, Gao C, Lin Z, Xie X, Dai H. Brief review on the roles of neutrophils in cancer development. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 109:407-413. [PMID: 32970873 PMCID: PMC7891660 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4mr0820-011r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils, which are traditionally regarded as a hallmark of inflammation, are also a member of the intratumoral immune cells. The roles of neutrophils in cancer development are diverse and undefined. So far, they are known to be involved in tumor initiation and tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. They show heterogeneity in both phenotypes and functions during early versus late stage of cancer development. Because they are also associated with the clinical outcomes of various types of solid tumors, cancer treatments that target neutrophils might be highly effective. In this review, we briefly cover the latest findings on the multiple roles of neutrophils in cancer development and point out the future directions as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Long
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Chen Gao
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi Lin
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Xubiao Xie
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Helong Dai
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation in Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Clinical Immunology Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
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73
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Furumaya C, Martinez-Sanz P, Bouti P, Kuijpers TW, Matlung HL. Plasticity in Pro- and Anti-tumor Activity of Neutrophils: Shifting the Balance. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2100. [PMID: 32983165 PMCID: PMC7492657 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, cancer immunotherapies such as checkpoint blockade and adoptive T cell transfer have been a game changer in many aspects and have improved the treatment for various malignancies considerably. Despite the clinical success of harnessing the adaptive immunity to combat the tumor, the benefits of immunotherapy are still limited to a subset of patients and cancer types. In recent years, neutrophils, the most abundant circulating leukocytes, have emerged as promising targets for anti-cancer therapies. Traditionally regarded as the first line of defense against infections, neutrophils are increasingly recognized as critical players during cancer progression. Evidence shows the functional plasticity of neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment, allowing neutrophils to exert either pro-tumor or anti-tumor effects. This review describes the tumor-promoting roles of neutrophils, focusing on their myeloid-derived suppressor cell activity, as well as their role in tumor elimination, exerted mainly via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. We will discuss potential approaches to therapeutically target neutrophils in cancer. These include strategies in humans to either silence the pro-tumor activity of neutrophils, or to activate or enhance their anti-tumor functions. Redirecting neutrophils seems a promising approach to harness innate immunity to improve treatment for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charita Furumaya
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paula Martinez-Sanz
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Panagiota Bouti
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hanke L Matlung
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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74
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Zhang J, Ji C, Li W, Mao Z, Shi Y, Shi H, Ji R, Qian H, Xu W, Zhang X. Tumor-Educated Neutrophils Activate Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Promote Gastric Cancer Growth and Metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:788. [PMID: 32903528 PMCID: PMC7438587 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to tumor signals, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are recruited to tumor sites and activated to promote tumor progression. Emerging evidences suggest that in addition to tumor cells, non-tumor cells in tumor microenvironment could also interact with MSCs to regulate their phenotype and function. However, the mechanism for MSCs regulation in gastric cancer has not been fully understood. In this study, we reported that tumor-educated neutrophils (TENs) induced the transformation of MSCs into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) which in turn remarkably facilitated gastric cancer growth and metastasis. Mechanistic study showed that TENs exerted their effects by secreting inflammatory factors including IL-17, IL-23 and TNF-α, which triggered the activation of AKT and p38 pathways in MSCs. Pre-treatment with neutralizing antibodies to these inflammatory factors or pathway inhibitors reversed TENs-induced transformation of MSCs to CAFs. Taken together, these data suggest that TENs promote gastric cancer progression through the regulation of MSCs/CAFs transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Cheng Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wei Li
- Center of Research Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Zheying Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yinghong Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Runbi Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hui Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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75
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Mroweh M, Decaens T, Marche PN, Macek Jilkova Z, Clément F. Modulating the Crosstalk between the Tumor and Its Microenvironment Using RNA Interference: A Treatment Strategy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5250. [PMID: 32722054 PMCID: PMC7432232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy with one of the highest mortality rates among solid cancers. It develops almost exclusively in the background of chronic liver inflammation, which can be caused by viral hepatitis, chronic alcohol consumption or an unhealthy diet. Chronic inflammation deregulates the innate and adaptive immune responses that contribute to the proliferation, survival and migration of tumor cells. The continuous communication between the tumor and its microenvironment components serves as the overriding force of the tumor against the body's defenses. The importance of this crosstalk between the tumor microenvironment and immune cells in the process of hepatocarcinogenesis has been shown, and therapeutic strategies modulating this communication have improved the outcomes of patients with liver cancer. To target this communication, an RNA interference (RNAi)-based approach can be used, an innovative and promising strategy that can disrupt the crosstalk at the transcriptomic level. Moreover, RNAi offers the advantage of specificity in comparison to the treatments currently used for HCC in clinics. In this review, we will provide the recent data pertaining to the modulation of a tumor and its microenvironment by using RNAi and its potential for therapeutic intervention in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Mroweh
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center Inserm U 1209/CNRS 5309, 38700 La Tronche, France; (M.M.); (T.D.); (P.N.M.)
- Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath Beirut 6573-14, Lebanon
| | - Thomas Decaens
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center Inserm U 1209/CNRS 5309, 38700 La Tronche, France; (M.M.); (T.D.); (P.N.M.)
- Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Service d’hépato-Gastroentérologie, Pôle Digidune, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Patrice N Marche
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center Inserm U 1209/CNRS 5309, 38700 La Tronche, France; (M.M.); (T.D.); (P.N.M.)
- Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Zuzana Macek Jilkova
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center Inserm U 1209/CNRS 5309, 38700 La Tronche, France; (M.M.); (T.D.); (P.N.M.)
- Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Service d’hépato-Gastroentérologie, Pôle Digidune, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Flora Clément
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center Inserm U 1209/CNRS 5309, 38700 La Tronche, France; (M.M.); (T.D.); (P.N.M.)
- Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
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76
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Lebegge E, Arnouk SM, Bardet PMR, Kiss M, Raes G, Van Ginderachter JA. Innate Immune Defense Mechanisms by Myeloid Cells That Hamper Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1395. [PMID: 32733461 PMCID: PMC7363805 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, cancer immunotherapy has been steering immune responses toward cancer cell eradication. However, these immunotherapeutic approaches are hampered by the tumor-promoting nature of myeloid cells, including monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. Despite the arsenal of defense strategies against foreign invaders, myeloid cells succumb to the instructions of an established tumor. Interestingly, the most primordial defense responses employed by myeloid cells against pathogens, such as complement activation, antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity and phagocytosis, actually seem to favor cancer progression. In this review, we discuss how rudimentary defense mechanisms deployed by myeloid cells can promote tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Els Lebegge
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sana M Arnouk
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pauline M R Bardet
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Máté Kiss
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geert Raes
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
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Fingerhut L, Dolz G, de Buhr N. What Is the Evolutionary Fingerprint in Neutrophil Granulocytes? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4523. [PMID: 32630520 PMCID: PMC7350212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the years of evolution, thousands of different animal species have evolved. All these species require an immune system to defend themselves against invading pathogens. Nevertheless, the immune systems of different species are obviously counteracting against the same pathogen with different efficiency. Therefore, the question arises if the process that was leading to the clades of vertebrates in the animal kingdom-namely mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and fish-was also leading to different functions of immune cells. One cell type of the innate immune system that is transmigrating as first line of defense in infected tissue and counteracts against pathogens is the neutrophil granulocyte. During the host-pathogen interaction they can undergo phagocytosis, apoptosis, degranulation, and form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). In this review, we summarize a wide spectrum of information about neutrophils in humans and animals, with a focus on vertebrates. Special attention is kept on the development, morphology, composition, and functions of these cells, but also on dysfunctions and options for cell culture or storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Fingerhut
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gaby Dolz
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 40104, Costa Rica;
| | - Nicole de Buhr
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
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78
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Hadadi E, Taylor W, Li XM, Aslan Y, Villote M, Rivière J, Duvallet G, Auriau C, Dulong S, Raymond-Letron I, Provot S, Bennaceur-Griscelli A, Acloque H. Chronic circadian disruption modulates breast cancer stemness and immune microenvironment to drive metastasis in mice. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3193. [PMID: 32581213 PMCID: PMC7314789 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16890-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide and one of the major causes of cancer death in women. Epidemiological studies have established a link between night-shift work and increased cancer risk, suggesting that circadian disruption may play a role in carcinogenesis. Here, we aim to shed light on the effect of chronic jetlag (JL) on mammary tumour development. To do this, we use a mouse model of spontaneous mammary tumourigenesis and subject it to chronic circadian disruption. We observe that circadian disruption significantly increases cancer-cell dissemination and lung metastasis. It also enhances the stemness and tumour-initiating potential of tumour cells and creates an immunosuppressive shift in the tumour microenvironment. Finally, our results suggest that the use of a CXCR2 inhibitor could correct the effect of JL on cancer-cell dissemination and metastasis. Altogether, our data provide a conceptual framework to better understand and manage the effects of chronic circadian disruption on breast cancer progression. Circadian disruption is implicated in the development of different human cancers. Here the authors show that chronic circadian disruption, through continuous jet lag, only moderately affects primary tumour growth but promotes cancer-cell dissemination and metastasis in a mouse model of spontaneous mammary tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hadadi
- Inserm, U935, Université Paris Sud, Villejuif, France.
| | | | - Xiao-Mei Li
- Inserm, U935, Université Paris Sud, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, UFR de Médecine Kremlin Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Yetki Aslan
- Inserm, U1132, Université Paris Diderot, Hôpital Lariboisière - Centre Viggo Petersen, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Marthe Villote
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Julie Rivière
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | | - Sandrine Dulong
- Inserm, U935, Université Paris Sud, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, UFR de Médecine Kremlin Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Isabelle Raymond-Letron
- Département des Sciences Biologiques et Fonctionnelles, Laboratoire d'HistoPathologie Expérimentale et Comparée (LabHPEC), ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,STROMALab, CNRS ERL5311, EFS, ENVT, Inserm U1031, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Sylvain Provot
- Inserm, U1132, Université Paris Diderot, Hôpital Lariboisière - Centre Viggo Petersen, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Annelise Bennaceur-Griscelli
- Inserm, U935, Université Paris Sud, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, UFR de Médecine Kremlin Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Service d'hématologie, APHP, GHU Paris Sud, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Acloque
- Inserm, U935, Université Paris Sud, Villejuif, France. .,GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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79
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Shen Z, Shao J, Zhang J, Qu W. Ultrasound cavitation enhanced chemotherapy: In vivo research and clinical application. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:1200-1212. [PMID: 32567346 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220936150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT The novelty of this research is that we used ultrasound cavitation to enhance the effects of chemotherapy in the subcutaneous and orthotopic hepatic carcinomas in nude mice. Case reports of the effects of the targeting ultrasound cavitation and chemotherapy on malignant tumors in clinical patients were also examined. We found that low-frequency ultrasound cavitation combined with chemotherapy is effective in the inhibition of tumor growth to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Shen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu 226361, PR China
| | - Jingjing Shao
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu 226361, PR China
| | - Jianquan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu 226361, PR China
| | - Weixing Qu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu 226361, PR China
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80
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Kähkönen TE, Halleen JM, Bernoulli J. Immunotherapies and Metastatic Cancers: Understanding Utility and Predictivity of Human Immune Cell Engrafted Mice in Preclinical Drug Development. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061615. [PMID: 32570871 PMCID: PMC7352707 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastases cause high mortality in several cancers and immunotherapies are expected to be effective in the prevention and treatment of metastatic disease. However, only a minority of patients benefit from immunotherapies. This creates a need for novel therapies that are efficacious regardless of the cancer types and metastatic environments they are growing in. Preclinical immuno-oncology models for studying metastases have long been limited to syngeneic or carcinogenesis-inducible models that have murine cancer and immune cells. However, the translational power of these models has been questioned. Interactions between tumor and immune cells are often species-specific and regulated by different cytokines in mice and humans. For increased translational power, mice engrafted with functional parts of human immune system have been developed. These humanized mice are utilized to advance understanding the role of immune cells in the metastatic process, but increasingly also to study the efficacy and safety of novel immunotherapies. From these aspects, this review will discuss the role of immune cells in the metastatic process and the utility of humanized mouse models in immuno-oncology research for metastatic cancers, covering several models from the perspective of efficacy and safety of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina E. Kähkönen
- OncoBone Ltd., Kalimenojankuja 3 C 4, FI-90810 Kiviniemi, Finland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jussi M. Halleen
- OncoBone Ltd., Kalimenojankuja 3 C 4, FI-90810 Kiviniemi, Finland;
| | - Jenni Bernoulli
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland;
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81
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Tamminga M, Hiltermann TJN, Schuuring E, Timens W, Fehrmann RS, Groen HJ. Immune microenvironment composition in non-small cell lung cancer and its association with survival. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e1142. [PMID: 32547744 PMCID: PMC7291326 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the immune system and possibly its composition affect survival. In this in silico study, the immune infiltrate composition in NSCLC patients was evaluated. Methods Gene expression data of tumors from early NSCLC patients were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). With CIBERSORT, 22 immune cell fractions were estimated. Results The immune infiltrate of 1430 pretreatment NSCLC patients contained mostly plasma cells, macrophages and CD8 T cells. Higher fractions of resting mast and CD4 T-helper cells were associated with longer overall survival (OS) (HR = 0.95, P < 0.01; HR = 0.98, = 0.04, respectively) and higher fractions of M2 macrophages and active dendritic cells with shorter survival (HR = 1.02, P = 0.03; HR = 1.03, P = 0.05, respectively). Adenocarcinoma patients with survival data (n = 587) showed higher fractions of resting mast and resting CD4 T cells, and lower M0 macrophages than squamous cell carcinoma (n = 254), which were associated with OS (HR = 0.95, P = 0.04; HR = 0.97, P = 0.01; HR = 1.03, P = 0.01, respectively). Fractions of memory B cells, naïve CD4 T cells and neutrophils had different associations with survival depending on the subtype. Smokers had had higher fractions of regulatory T cell, follicular helper T cell, neutrophil and M2 macrophage, which were associated with shorter survival (HR = 1.3, P < 0.01; HR = 1.13, P = 0.02; HR = 1.09, P = 0.03; HR = 1.04, P = 0.02, respectively). Conclusion Pretreatment differences in immune cell composition in NSCLC are associated with survival and depend on smoking status and histological subtype. Smokers' immune composition is associated with lower survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menno Tamminga
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Thijo Jeroen N Hiltermann
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ed Schuuring
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Wim Timens
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf Sn Fehrmann
- Department of Medical Oncology University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Harry Jm Groen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
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82
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Zhou J, Jiang S, Wang W, Liu R. [Research Progress of Tumor-Associated Neutrophils and Lung Cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2020; 22:727-731. [PMID: 31771743 PMCID: PMC6885416 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2019.11.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
肺癌为全球性高发病率、高死亡率疾病,严重影响人类健康。其中肺部慢性炎症的长期存在与肺癌的发生发展关系密切,中性粒细胞不但参与急、慢性炎症反应,而且参与肿瘤微环境(tumor-microenvironment, TME)中的组成,与肿瘤的发生、发展密切相关。近年来研究发现,肿瘤相关中性粒细胞(tumor-associated neutrophils, TANs)在肺癌的发生和发展中发挥着重要的作用。本文就肿瘤相关中性粒细胞在肺癌中的作用、机制以及临床意义进行综述。
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Zhou
- Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining 272000, China
| | | | - Wei Wang
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Ruijuan Liu
- Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining 272000, China
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83
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Naseri S, Steiniche T, Bæhr Georgsen J, Thomsen R, Ladekarl M, Heje M, Engberg Damsgaard T, Bønnelykke-Behrndtz ML. Tumor Ulceration, Reduced Infiltration of CD8-Lymphocytes, High Neutrophil-to-CD8-Lymphocyte Ratio and Absence of MC Virus are Negative Prognostic Markers for Patients with Merkel Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040888. [PMID: 32268526 PMCID: PMC7226107 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is caused by the Merkel cell polyomavirus and UV radiation. Understanding of the underlying biology is limited, but identification of prognostic markers may lead to better prognostic stratification for the patients. (2) Methods: Ninety patients diagnosed with MCC (1996–2012) were included. Virus status was estimated by polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Ulceration status, PD-L1, cd66b neutrophils, cd8 lymphocytes and biomarkers of vascularization (cd34 endothelial cells) and migration (e-cadherin) were estimated by IHC and analyzed with digital pathology. (3) Results: Virus was present in 47% of patient samples and correlated with lower E-cadherin expression (p = 0.0005), lower neutrophil-to-CD8 lymphocyte ratio (N:CD8 ratio) (p = 0.02) and increased PD-L1 expression (p = 0.03). Ulceration was associated with absence of virus (p = 0.03), increased neutrophil infiltration (p < 0.0001) and reduced CD8 lymphocyte infiltration (p = 0.04). In multivariate analysis, presence of virus (p = 0.01), ulceration (p = 0.05) and increased CD8 lymphocyte infiltration (p = 0.001) showed independent prognostic impacts on MCC-specific survival. (3) Conclusions: In this study, we found that a high N:CD8 ratio, ulceration, virus-negative status and absence of CD8 lymphocytes are negative prognostic markers. Accurate prognostic stratification of the patients may be important in the clinical setting for determination of adjuvant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Naseri
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
- Correspondence:
| | - Torben Steiniche
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (T.S.); (J.B.G.)
| | - Jeanette Bæhr Georgsen
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (T.S.); (J.B.G.)
| | - Rune Thomsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Morten Ladekarl
- Department of Oncology, Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark;
| | - Martin Heje
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Vejle Hospital, 7100 Vejle, Denmark;
| | - Tine Engberg Damsgaard
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns Treatment, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
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84
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Abstract
HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with several etiologic causes, mostly inflammation-associated. Different inflammatory responses in the liver can be triggered by different etiological agents. The inflammatory process can be resolved or be persistent, depending on the etiology and multiple other factors. Chronic inflammation, tissue remodeling, genetic alterations, and modifications in cellular signaling are considered to be key processes promoting immunosuppression. The progressive immunosuppression leads to the inactivation of anti-tumor immunity involved in HCC carcinogenesis and progression. Tumor cellular processes including DNA damage, necrosis, and ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress can affect both immune-surveillance and cancer-promoting inflammation, supporting a mutual interdependence. Here, we review the current understanding of how chronic liver injury and inflammation is triggered and sustained, and how inflammation is linked to HCC. The identification of many hepatic microenvironmental inflammatory processes and their effector molecules, has resulted in extensive translational work and promising clinical trials of new immunomodulatory agents.
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85
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van der Sijde F, Vietsch EE, Mustafa DAM, Li Y, van Eijck CHJ. Serum miR-338-3p and miR-199b-5p are associated with the absolute neutrophil count in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 505:183-189. [PMID: 32145274 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several peripheral blood cell counts and immune ratios, such as the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII = platelet x neutrophil count/lymphocyte count) have prognostic value in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer (PDAC). Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in various aspects of cancer and inflammation. We aimed to identify measurable circulating miRNAs in PDAC patients correlating with systemic inflammation parameters. METHODS A total of 42 PDAC patients was included in this study: twelve in the discovery (n = 6 SII low; n = 6 SII high) and 30 patients in the validation cohort (n = 19 SII low, n = 11 SII high). MiRNAs isolated from preoperative serum samples were measured with a 352 miRNA panel in the discovery cohort and individual miRNA primers in the validation cohort, using RT-qPCR (ID3EAL assays, MiRXES). RESULTS Only in the discovery cohort miR-328-3p, miR-338-3p, miR-1258 and miR-199b-5p were upregulated in high compared to low SII patients (fold difference ≥ 2, P<0.05). In the total cohort (n = 42) correlations were found between miR-338-3p (r = 0.48, P = 0.002) and miR-199b-5p (r = 0.44, P = 0.005) and the absolute neutrophil count. CONCLUSION Circulating miR-338-3p and miR-199b-5p are correlated to the neutrophil count in the blood of PDAC patients, suggesting a potential role of circulating miRNAs in cancer immune evasion and systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleur van der Sijde
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eveline E Vietsch
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dana A M Mustafa
- Department of Pathology, Tumor Immuno-Pathology Laboratory, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yunlei Li
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Casper H J van Eijck
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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NETosis in cancer: a critical analysis of the impact of cancer on neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release in lung cancer patients vs. mice. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:199-213. [PMID: 31982939 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02474-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils play a major role in tumor biology. Among other functions, neutrophils can release extracellular traps (NETs), mesh-like structures of decondensed chromatin fibers, in a process termed NETosis. Originally characterized as an antimicrobial mechanism, NETosis has been described in cancer, but cancer-related predisposition is not clear. In the current study, we investigated the predisposition of circulating neutrophils to release NETs in lung cancer and the impact of G-CSF on this function, comparing circulating neutrophils isolated from cancer patients to the LLC and AB12 mouse models. We find that neutrophils from both healthy donors and cancer patients display high NETotic potential, with 30-60% of cells undergoing NETosis upon PMA stimulation. In contrast, neutrophils isolated from tumor-bearing mice displayed only 4-5% NETotic cells, though significantly higher than naive controls (1-2%). Despite differential mechanisms of activation described, Ionomycin and PMA mainly triggered suicidal rather than vital NETosis. G-CSF secreting tumors did not increase NETotic rates in murine neutrophils, and direct G-CSF stimulation did not promote their NET release. In contrast, human neutrophils strongly responded to G-CSF stimulation resulting also in a higher response to PMA + G-CSF stimulation. Our data show clear differences in NETotic potentials between human and murine neutrophils. We do not find a predisposition of neutrophils to release NETs in lung cancer patients compared to healthy controls, whereas cancer may modulate neutrophils' NETotic potential in mice. G-CSF secreted from tumors differentially affects murine and human NETosis in cancer. These important differences should be considered in future studies of NETosis in cancer.
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87
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Injarabian L, Devin A, Ransac S, Marteyn BS. Neutrophil Metabolic Shift during their Lifecycle: Impact on their Survival and Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E287. [PMID: 31906243 PMCID: PMC6981538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are innate immune cells, which represent 50% to 70% of the total circulating leukocytes. How PMNs adapt to various microenvironments encountered during their life cycle, from the bone marrow, to the blood plasma fraction, and to inflamed or infected tissues remains largely unexplored. Metabolic shifts have been reported in other immune cells such as macrophages or lymphocytes, in response to local changes in their microenvironment, and in association with a modulation of their pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory functions. The potential contribution of metabolic shifts in the modulation of neutrophil activation or survival is anticipated even though it is not yet fully described. If neutrophils are considered to be mainly glycolytic, the relative importance of alternative metabolic pathways, such as the pentose phosphate pathway, glutaminolysis, or the mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, has not been fully considered during activation. This statement may be explained by the lack of knowledge regarding the local availability of key metabolites such as glucose, glutamine, and substrates, such as oxygen from the bone marrow to inflamed tissues. As highlighted in this review, the link between specific metabolic pathways and neutrophil activation has been outlined in many reports. However, the impact of neutrophil activation on metabolic shifts' induction has not yet been explored. Beyond its importance in neutrophil survival capacity in response to available metabolites, metabolic shifts may also contribute to neutrophil population heterogeneity reported in cancer (tumor-associated neutrophil) or auto-immune diseases (Low/High Density Neutrophils). This represents an active field of research. In conclusion, the characterization of neutrophil metabolic shifts is an emerging field that may provide important knowledge on neutrophil physiology and activation modulation. The related question of microenvironmental changes occurring during inflammation, to which neutrophils will respond to, will have to be addressed to fully appreciate the importance of neutrophil metabolic shifts in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Injarabian
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l’ARN, UPR9002, F-67000 Strasbourg, France;
- Université de Bordeaux, IBGC, UMR 5095, 1 rue Camille Saint Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France; (A.D.); (S.R.)
| | - Anne Devin
- Université de Bordeaux, IBGC, UMR 5095, 1 rue Camille Saint Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France; (A.D.); (S.R.)
| | - Stéphane Ransac
- Université de Bordeaux, IBGC, UMR 5095, 1 rue Camille Saint Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France; (A.D.); (S.R.)
| | - Benoit S. Marteyn
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l’ARN, UPR9002, F-67000 Strasbourg, France;
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Pathogenèse des Infections Vasculaires, 75724 Paris, France
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88
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Masucci MT, Minopoli M, Carriero MV. Tumor Associated Neutrophils. Their Role in Tumorigenesis, Metastasis, Prognosis and Therapy. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1146. [PMID: 31799175 PMCID: PMC6874146 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor Associated Neutrophils (TANs) are engaged into the tumor microenvironment by cytokines and chemokines, can be distinguished according to their activation and cytokine status and effects on tumor cell growing in N1 and N2 TANs. N1 TANs exert an antitumor activity, by direct or indirect cytotoxicity. N2 TANs stimulate immunosuppression, tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis by DNA instability, or by cytokines and chemokines release. In tumor patients, either a high number of TANs and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) do correlate with poor prognosis, and, so far, TAN counts and NLR can be regarded as biomarkers. Owing to the pivotal role of TANs in stimulating tumor progression, therapeutic strategies to target TANs have been suggested, and two major approaches have been proposed: (a) targeting the CXCL-8/CXCR-1/CXCR-2 axis, thereby blocking TANs or (b) targeting substances produced by polymorpho-nuclear cells that promote tumor growth. Many studies have been accomplished either in vitro and in animal models, whereas clinical studies are restrained, presently, due to the risk of inducing immunosuppression. In this review, we deeply discuss the anti-tumorigenic or pro-tumorigenic activity of TANs. In particular, TANs relevance in tumor prognosis and in vitro therapeutic strategies are widely described. On-going clinical trials, aimed to inhibit neutrophil recruitment into the tumor are also accurately debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Masucci
- Tumor Progression Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione "G. Pascale" IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Minopoli
- Tumor Progression Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione "G. Pascale" IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Vincenza Carriero
- Tumor Progression Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione "G. Pascale" IRCCS, Naples, Italy
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89
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Lecot P, Sarabi M, Pereira Abrantes M, Mussard J, Koenderman L, Caux C, Bendriss-Vermare N, Michallet MC. Neutrophil Heterogeneity in Cancer: From Biology to Therapies. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2155. [PMID: 31616408 PMCID: PMC6764113 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils have been extensively described in the pathophysiology of autoimmune and infectious diseases. Accumulating evidence also suggests the important role of neutrophils in cancer progression through their interaction with cancer and immune cells in blood and in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Most studies have described neutrophils as key drivers of cancer progression, due to their involvement in various tumor promoting functions including proliferation, aggressiveness, and dissemination, as well as in immune suppression. However, such studies were focusing on late-stages of tumorigenesis, in which chronic inflammation had already developed. The role of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) at early stages of tumor development remains poorly described, though recent findings indicate that early-stage TANs may display anti-tumor properties. Beyond their role at tumor site, evidence supported by NLR retrospective studies and functional analyses suggest that blood neutrophils could also actively contribute to tumorigenesis. Hence, it appears that the phenotype and functions of neutrophils vary greatly during tumor progression, highlighting their heterogeneity. The origin of pro- or anti-tumor neutrophils is generally believed to arise following a change in cell state, from resting to activated. Moreover, the fate of neutrophils may also involve distinct differentiation programs yielding various subsets of pro or anti-tumor neutrophils. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge on neutrophils heterogeneity across different tissues and their impact on tumorigenesis, as well as neutrophil-based therapeutic strategies that have shown promising results in pre-clinical studies, paving the way for the design of neutrophil-based next generation immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pacôme Lecot
- Department of Immunity, Virus, and Inflammation (IVI), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Matthieu Sarabi
- Department of Immunity, Virus, and Inflammation (IVI), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Manuela Pereira Abrantes
- Department of Immunity, Virus, and Inflammation (IVI), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Julie Mussard
- Department of Immunity, Virus, and Inflammation (IVI), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Leo Koenderman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Center of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Christophe Caux
- Department of Immunity, Virus, and Inflammation (IVI), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Nathalie Bendriss-Vermare
- Department of Immunity, Virus, and Inflammation (IVI), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Cécile Michallet
- Department of Immunity, Virus, and Inflammation (IVI), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
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90
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Fu Y, Liu S, Zeng S, Shen H. From bench to bed: the tumor immune microenvironment and current immunotherapeutic strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:396. [PMID: 31500650 PMCID: PMC6734524 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks the most common primary liver malignancy and the third leading cause of tumor-related mortality worldwide. Unfortunately, despite advances in HCC treatment, less than 40% of HCC patients are eligible for potentially curative therapies. Recently, cancer immunotherapy has emerged as one of the most promising approaches for cancer treatment. It has been proven therapeutically effective in many types of solid tumors, such as non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma. As an inflammation-associated tumor, it's well-evidenced that the immunosuppressive microenvironment of HCC can promote immune tolerance and evasion by various mechanisms. Triggering more vigorous HCC-specific immune response represents a novel strategy for its management. Pre-clinical and clinical investigations have revealed that various immunotherapies might extend current options for needed HCC treatment. In this review, we provide the recent progress on HCC immunology from both basic and clinical perspectives, and discuss potential advances and challenges of immunotherapy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaojie Fu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Shan Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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91
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Jeong J, Suh Y, Jung K. Context Drives Diversification of Monocytes and Neutrophils in Orchestrating the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1817. [PMID: 31474975 PMCID: PMC6706790 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent preclinical/clinical studies have underscored the significant impact of tumor microenvironment (TME) on tumor progression in diverse scenarios. Highly heterogeneous and complex, the tumor microenvironment is composed of malignant cancer cells and non-malignant cells including endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and diverse immune cells. Since immune compartments play pivotal roles in regulating tumor progression via various mechanisms, understanding of their multifaceted functions is crucial to developing effective cancer therapies. While roles of lymphoid cells in tumors have been systematically studied for a long time, the complex functions of myeloid cells have been relatively underexplored. However, constant findings on tumor-associated myeloid cells are drawing attention, highlighting the primary effects of innate immune cells such as monocytes and neutrophils in disease progression. This review focuses on hitherto identified contextual developments and functions of monocytes and neutrophils with a special interest in solid tumors. Moreover, ongoing clinical applications are discussed at the end of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Jeong
- Lab of Cancer Immunology and In Vivo Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoorock Suh
- Lab of Cancer Immunology and In Vivo Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Keehoon Jung
- Lab of Cancer Immunology and In Vivo Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
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92
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Swierczak A, Pollard JW. FACS isolation and analysis of human circulating and tumor neutrophils. Methods Enzymol 2019; 632:229-257. [PMID: 32000898 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The role of neutrophils in tumor growth and metastasis is still controversial. Studies in clinically relevant models of cancer have shown that neutrophils can promote tumor growth and development and metastasis, or inhibit it. Thus, further analysis is required to fully elucidate the role of neutrophils in cancer. A number of different methods are available for neutrophil isolation and characterization. However, Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) is particularly effective for isolating neutrophils and assessing their phenotype as it allows for the simultaneous use of multiple cell surface markers, can be used for isolation of both blood and tumor neutrophils and features a high purity and high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Swierczak
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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93
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94
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Giese MA, Hind LE, Huttenlocher A. Neutrophil plasticity in the tumor microenvironment. Blood 2019; 133:2159-2167. [PMID: 30898857 PMCID: PMC6524564 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-11-844548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils act as the body's first line of defense against infection and respond to diverse inflammatory cues, including cancer. Neutrophils display plasticity, with the ability to adapt their function in different inflammatory contexts. In the tumor microenvironment, neutrophils have varied functions and have been classified using different terms, including N1/N2 neutrophils, tumor-associated neutrophils, and polymorphonuclear neutrophil myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs). These populations of neutrophils are primarily defined by their functional phenotype, because few specific cell surface markers have been identified. In this review, we will discuss neutrophil polarization and plasticity and the function of proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory and protumor/antitumor neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment. We will also discuss how neutrophils with the ability to suppress T-cell activation, referred to by some as PMN-MDSCs, fit into this paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurel E Hind
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology and
| | - Anna Huttenlocher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology and
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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95
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Singel KL, Emmons TR, Khan ANMNH, Mayor PC, Shen S, Wong JT, Morrell K, Eng KH, Mark J, Bankert RB, Matsuzaki J, Koya RC, Blom AM, McLeish KR, Qu J, Ram S, Moysich KB, Abrams SI, Odunsi K, Zsiros E, Segal BH. Mature neutrophils suppress T cell immunity in ovarian cancer microenvironment. JCI Insight 2019; 4:122311. [PMID: 30730851 PMCID: PMC6483507 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.122311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) often presents with metastases and ascites. Granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells are an immature population that impairs antitumor immunity. Since suppressive granulocytes in the ascites of patients with newly diagnosed EOC were morphologically mature, we hypothesized that PMN were rendered suppressive in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Circulating PMN from patients were not suppressive but acquired a suppressor phenotype (defined as ≥1 log10 reduction of anti-CD3/CD28-stimulated T cell proliferation) after ascites supernatant exposure. Ascites supernatants (20 of 31 supernatants) recapitulated the suppressor phenotype in PMN from healthy donors. T cell proliferation was restored with ascites removal and restimulation. PMN suppressors also inhibited T cell activation and cytokine production. PMN suppressors completely suppressed proliferation in naive, central memory, and effector memory T cells and in engineered tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, while antigen-specific cell lysis was unaffected. Inhibition of complement C3 activation and PMN effector functions, including CR3 signaling, protein synthesis, and vesicular trafficking, abrogated the PMN suppressor phenotype. Moreover, malignant effusions from patients with various metastatic cancers also induced the C3-dependent PMN suppressor phenotype. These results point to PMN impairing T cell expansion and activation in the TME and the potential for complement inhibition to abrogate this barrier to antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul C. Mayor
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Shichen Shen
- New York State Center of Excellence Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | | | - Kayla Morrell
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Kevin H. Eng
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jaron Mark
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Richard B. Bankert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Junko Matsuzaki
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Richard C. Koya
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Anna M. Blom
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kenneth R. McLeish
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jun Qu
- New York State Center of Excellence Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Sanjay Ram
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kirsten B. Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | | | - Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Emese Zsiros
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Brahm H. Segal
- Department of Immunology
- Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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96
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Gershkovitz M, Fainsod-Levi T, Zelter T, Sionov RV, Granot Z. TRPM2 modulates neutrophil attraction to murine tumor cells by regulating CXCL2 expression. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:33-43. [PMID: 30251149 PMCID: PMC11028074 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, immune cells were shown to play critical roles in tumor growth and metastatic progression. In this context, neutrophils were shown to possess both pro- and anti-tumor properties. To exert their anti-tumor effect, neutrophils need to migrate towards, and form physical contact with tumor cells. Neutrophils secrete H2O2 in a contact-dependent mechanism, thereby inducing a lethal Ca2+ influx via the activation of the H2O2-dependent TRPM2 Ca2+ channel. Here, we explored the mechanism regulating neutrophil chemoattraction to tumor cells. Interestingly, we found that TRPM2 plays a role in this context as well, since it regulates the expression of potent neutrophil chemoattractants. Consequently, cells expressing reduced levels of TRPM2 are not approached by neutrophils. Together, these observations demonstrate how tumor cells expressing reduced levels of TRPM2 evade neutrophil cytotoxicity in two interrelated mechanisms-downregulation of neutrophil chemoattractants and blocking of the apoptotic Ca2+-dependent cascade. These observations demonstrate a critical role for TRPM2 in neutrophil-mediated immunosurveillance and identify cells expressing low levels of TRPM2, as a potential target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Gershkovitz
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Ein Kerem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tanya Fainsod-Levi
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Ein Kerem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamir Zelter
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Ein Kerem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ronit V Sionov
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Ein Kerem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zvi Granot
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Ein Kerem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel.
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97
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Grecian R, Whyte MKB, Walmsley SR. The role of neutrophils in cancer. Br Med Bull 2018; 128:5-14. [PMID: 30137312 PMCID: PMC6289220 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldy029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction It has been known for some time that neutrophils are present in the tumour microenvironment, but only recently have their roles been explored. Sources of data Comprehensive literature search of neutrophils and cancer (PubMed, Google Scholar and CrossRef) for key articles (systematic reviews, meta-analyses, primary research). References from these articles cross-checked for additional relevant studies. Areas of agreement Neutrophils are a heterogeneous population with both pro- and antitumour roles, and display plasticity. Several neutrophil subpopulations have been identified, defined by a combination of features (density, maturity, surface markers, morphology and anatomical site). Areas of controversy Limitations in translating murine tumour models to human pathology and paucity of human data. Consensus in defining human neutrophil subpopulations. Growing points Neutrophils as therapeutic targets and as possible playmakers in the biological response to newer targeted cancer drugs. Areas timely for developing research Understanding the metabolic programming of neutrophils in the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Grecian
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Moira K B Whyte
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah R Walmsley
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, UK
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98
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Costa S, Bevilacqua D, Cassatella MA, Scapini P. Recent advances on the crosstalk between neutrophils and B or T lymphocytes. Immunology 2018; 156:23-32. [PMID: 30259972 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing body of literature supports a role for neutrophils as players in the orchestration of adaptive immunity. During acute and chronic inflammatory conditions, neutrophils rapidly migrate not only to sites of inflammation, but also to draining lymph nodes and spleen, where they engage bidirectional interactions with B- and T-lymphocyte subsets. Accordingly, a relevant role of neutrophils in modulating B-cell responses under homeostatic conditions has recently emerged. Moreover, specialized immunoregulatory properties towards B or T cells acquired by distinct neutrophil populations, originating under pathological conditions, have been consistently described. In this article, we summarize the most recent data from human studies and murine models on the ability of neutrophils to modulate adaptive immune responses under physiological and pathological conditions and the mechanisms behind these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Costa
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Dalila Bevilacqua
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco A Cassatella
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Patrizia Scapini
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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99
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Shaul ME, Fridlender ZG. Cancer-related circulating and tumor-associated neutrophils - subtypes, sources and function. FEBS J 2018; 285:4316-4342. [PMID: 29851227 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the role of neutrophils in cancer biology has been a matter of increasing interest. Many patients with advanced cancer show high levels of neutrophilia, tumor neutrophils are connected to dismal prognosis, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio has been introduced as a significant prognostic factor for survival in many types of cancer. Neutrophils constitute an important portion of the infiltrating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, but controversy has long surrounded the function of these cells in the context of cancer. Multiple evidences have shown that neutrophils recruited to the tumor can acquire either protumor or antitumor function. These findings have led to the identification of multiple and heterogeneous neutrophil subsets in the tumor and circulation. In addition, tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) were shown to demonstrate functional plasticity, driven by multiple factors present in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we examine the current knowledge on cancer-related circulating neutrophils, their source and the function of the different subtypes, both mature and immature. We then discuss the pro vs antitumor nature of TANs in cancer, their functional plasticity and the mechanisms that regulate neutrophil recruitment and polarization. Although the vast majority of the knowledge on neutrophils in cancer comes from murine studies, recent work has been done on human cancer-related neutrophils. In the final paragraphs, we expand on the current knowledge regarding the role of neutrophils in human cancer and examine the question whether cancer-related neutrophils (circulating or intratumoral) could be a new possible target for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merav E Shaul
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zvi G Fridlender
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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