51
|
Gonzales GF, Tapia V, Vásquez-Velásquez C. Changes in hemoglobin levels with age and altitude in preschool-aged children in Peru: the assessment of two individual-based national databases. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1488:67-82. [PMID: 33147649 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, the cutoff hemoglobin (Hb) value for defining anemia is 11 g/dL in preschool-aged children, and Hb measurements should be corrected above an altitude of 1000 meters. This study sought to determine the altitude at which the Hb value increases compared with that at sea level, Hb changes with age and region in Peru, the prevalence of anemia according to three different models used to correct Hb for altitude, and the association of the Hb value with stunting. Two individual-based Peruvian national databases were analyzed. Hb increased from an altitude of 375 meters. Hb concentration was lower at younger ages and higher at older ages. The increase in Hb with increasing altitude was lower in southern Peru. Implementing the different models for Hb measurement correction resulted in a higher and lower prevalence of anemia at altitudes >2500 and <2500 m, respectively, using the CDC adjustment. In children aged 6-23 months, the rate of stunting was lower in those with an Hb level of 10-12 g/dL (including mild anemia). In conclusion, the adjustment of Hb values for altitude should be considered before 1000 m and reference ranges should be adjusted to smaller groups of children instead of the same reference range for children aged 6-59 months.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo F Gonzales
- Laboratories of Investigation and Development and Department of Biological and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.,High Altitude Research Institute, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Vilma Tapia
- Laboratories of Investigation and Development and Department of Biological and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.,High Altitude Research Institute, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Cinthya Vásquez-Velásquez
- Laboratories of Investigation and Development and Department of Biological and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.,High Altitude Research Institute, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Dong Y, Dun B, Wang Dui PB, Zhuo Ma LB, Fang J, Yang Zong CR, Ji Z, Xu P, Zheng Y, Yue F, Li J, Li X. Therapeutic Erythrocytapheresis Is Effective in Treating High Altitude Polycythemia on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Wilderness Environ Med 2020; 31:426-430. [PMID: 33132033 DOI: 10.1016/j.wem.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High altitude polycythemia (HAPC) is a common chronic disease at high altitudes. It is characterized by excessive erythrocytosis (≥190 g·L-1 in females or ≥210 g·L-1 in males). HAPC severely jeopardizes the health status of plateau dwellers. The Qinghai-Tibet plateau, with an elevation above 4000 m, is the highest plateau in the world. Both Han and Tibetan populations residing there face the threat of HAPC. Therapeutic erythrocytapheresis (TE) was introduced to Tibet as an alternative to phlebotomy in 2015. METHODS In this study, we retrospectively analyzed 155 patients with HAPC treated with TE in Tibet. Routine blood testing values before and after TE were compared to evaluate treatment efficacy. The efficiency rate, defined as the rate of increase in red blood cell depletion attained by TE compared with 450 mL whole blood phlebotomy, was calculated using whole blood volume and hematocrit before and after treatment and used to identify patients who maintained a normal hemoglobin level in the year after the TE procedure. RESULTS On average, TE reduced red blood cell levels by 1.5×1012·L-1, hemoglobin concentration by 52 g·L-1, and hematocrit by 14% (P<0.001 for each). Patients who underwent TE with an efficiency rate ≥1.9 were more likely to maintain a normal hemoglobin level in the following year than those who underwent TE with an efficiency rate <1.9 (90 vs 28%, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS TE is a feasible therapeutic method to treat HAPC on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. The efficiency rate is a useful tool to predict the expected interval between TE procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuexin Dong
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ba Dun
- Shigatse People's Hospital, Tibet, China
| | | | | | - Jie Fang
- Shigatse People's Hospital, Tibet, China
| | | | - Zong Ji
- Shigatse People's Hospital, Tibet, China
| | - Pengpeng Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shigatse People's Hospital, Tibet, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shigatse People's Hospital, Tibet, China
| | - Fei Yue
- Shigatse People's Hospital, Tibet, China
| | - Junmin Li
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shigatse People's Hospital, Tibet, China.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Xin J, Zhang H, He Y, Duren Z, Bai C, Chen L, Luo X, Yan DS, Zhang C, Zhu X, Yuan Q, Feng Z, Cui C, Qi X, Ouzhuluobu, Wong WH, Wang Y, Su B. Chromatin accessibility landscape and regulatory network of high-altitude hypoxia adaptation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4928. [PMID: 33004791 PMCID: PMC7529806 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18638-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
High-altitude adaptation of Tibetans represents a remarkable case of natural selection during recent human evolution. Previous genome-wide scans found many non-coding variants under selection, suggesting a pressing need to understand the functional role of non-coding regulatory elements (REs). Here, we generate time courses of paired ATAC-seq and RNA-seq data on cultured HUVECs under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. We further develop a variant interpretation methodology (vPECA) to identify active selected REs (ASREs) and associated regulatory network. We discover three causal SNPs of EPAS1, the key adaptive gene for Tibetans. These SNPs decrease the accessibility of ASREs with weakened binding strength of relevant TFs, and cooperatively down-regulate EPAS1 expression. We further construct the downstream network of EPAS1, elucidating its roles in hypoxic response and angiogenesis. Collectively, we provide a systematic approach to interpret phenotype-associated noncoding variants in proper cell types and relevant dynamic conditions, to model their impact on gene regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingxue Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China
- CEMS, NCMIS, MDIS, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China
- Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China
| | - Yaoxi He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Zhana Duren
- Departments of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Center for Human Genetics and Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC, 29646, USA
| | - Caijuan Bai
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, 850000, Lhasa, China
| | - Lang Chen
- CEMS, NCMIS, MDIS, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Yan
- School of Mathematical Science, Inner Mongolia University, 010021, Huhhot, China
| | - Chaoyu Zhang
- CEMS, NCMIS, MDIS, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Departments of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Qiuyue Yuan
- CEMS, NCMIS, MDIS, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanying Feng
- CEMS, NCMIS, MDIS, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoying Cui
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, 850000, Lhasa, China
| | - Xuebin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China
| | - Ouzhuluobu
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, 850000, Lhasa, China
| | - Wing Hung Wong
- Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Departments of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Yong Wang
- CEMS, NCMIS, MDIS, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 330106, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Bing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China.
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Hou G, Gao J, Chen Y, Xu C, Lancuo Z, Xiao Y, Cai L, He Y. Winter-to-summer seasonal migration of microlithic human activities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11659. [PMID: 32669651 PMCID: PMC7363859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68518-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) has become a valuable site for investigation of adaptive regimes of prehistoric humans to extreme environments. At present most studies have focused solely on a single site. Using a more integrated approach that covers the complete scope of the plateau is needed to better understand the expansion logic of prehistoric humans moving towards the plateau. Here, we conducted accelerator mass spectrometry 14C dating of two microlithic sites. Canxiongashuo (CXGS) and Shalongka (SLK), which are located at the inner and marginal areas of the QTP, respectively. By using geographic information system, literature, and natural environmental factors, we constructed a model for the relationship between traveling distance and time, and we also used these factors to construct a plateau environmental index. The results indicated that the ages of the CXGS and SLK sites are 8.4-7.5 cal. ka BP and 8.4-6.2 cal. ka BP, respectively. Combining the archaeological evidence and literature, hunter-gatherers may have seasonal migration activities at low altitude in winter and high altitude in summer in order to make full use of natural resources. Our model of relationship between traveling distance and time shows that hunter-gatherers in CXGS site was active on the plateau all year-round at approximately 8.3 cal. ka BP. According to EI and archaeological remains, we propose that SLK site was a winter camp of prehistoric hunter-gatherers. Taken together, we determined 8.4-6.0 cal. ka BP as a transitional period from the Paleolithic to Neolithic Ages, and winter camps of hunter-gatherers evolved into settlements in the Neolithic Age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangliang Hou
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Xining, 810008, China.
- School of Geographic Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China.
| | - Jingyi Gao
- School of Geographic Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Youcheng Chen
- School of History, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Changjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Geomantic Technology and Application of Qinghai Province, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Zhuoma Lancuo
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Yongming Xiao
- Qinghai Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Linhai Cai
- Qinghai Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Yuanhong He
- Department of Archaeology, School of History & Culture, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Holmström P, Mulder E, Starfelt V, Lodin-Sundström A, Schagatay E. Spleen Size and Function in Sherpa Living High, Sherpa Living Low and Nepalese Lowlanders. Front Physiol 2020; 11:647. [PMID: 32695011 PMCID: PMC7339931 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-altitude (HA) natives have evolved some beneficial responses leading to superior work capacity at HA compared to native lowlanders. Our aim was to study two responses potentially protective against hypoxia: the spleen contraction elevating hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and the cardiovascular diving response in Sherpa highlanders, compared to lowlanders. Male participants were recruited from three groups: (1) 21 Sherpa living at HA (SH); (2) seven Sherpa living at low altitude (SL); and (3) ten native Nepalese lowlanders (NL). They performed three apneas spaced by a two-min rest at low altitude (1370 m). Their peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), heart rate (HR), and spleen volume were measured across the apnea protocol. Spleen volume at rest was 198 ± 56 mL in SH and 159 ± 35 mL in SL (p = 0.047). The spleen was larger in Sherpa groups compared to the 129 ± 22 mL in NL (p < 0.001 compared to SH; p = 0.046 compared to SL). Spleen contraction occurred in all groups during apnea, but it was greater in Sherpa groups compared to NL (p < 0.001). HR was lower in Sherpa groups compared to NL both during rest (SL: p < 0.001; SH: p = 0.003) and during maximal apneas (SL: p < 0.001; SH: p = 0.06). The apnea-induced HR reduction was 8 ± 8% in SH, 10 ± 4% in SL (NS), and 18 ± 6% in NL (SH: p = 0.005; SL: p = 0.021 compared to NL). Resting SpO2 was similar in all groups. The progressively decreasing baseline spleen size across SH, SL, and NL suggests a role of the spleen at HA and further that both genetic predisposition and environmental exposure determine human spleen size. The similar HR responses of SH and SL suggest that a genetic component is involved in determining the cardiovascular diving response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pontus Holmström
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Eric Mulder
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Victor Starfelt
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Angelica Lodin-Sundström
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.,Department of Nursing Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Erika Schagatay
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.,Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Evans AM, Hardie DG. AMPK and the Need to Breathe and Feed: What's the Matter with Oxygen? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103518. [PMID: 32429235 PMCID: PMC7279029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We live and to do so we must breathe and eat, so are we a combination of what we eat and breathe? Here, we will consider this question, and the role in this respect of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Emerging evidence suggests that AMPK facilitates central and peripheral reflexes that coordinate breathing and oxygen supply, and contributes to the central regulation of feeding and food choice. We propose, therefore, that oxygen supply to the body is aligned with not only the quantity we eat, but also nutrient-based diet selection, and that the cell-specific expression pattern of AMPK subunit isoforms is critical to appropriate system alignment in this respect. Currently available information on how oxygen supply may be aligned with feeding and food choice, or vice versa, through our motivation to breathe and select particular nutrients is sparse, fragmented and lacks any integrated understanding. By addressing this, we aim to provide the foundations for a clinical perspective that reveals untapped potential, by highlighting how aberrant cell-specific changes in the expression of AMPK subunit isoforms could give rise, in part, to known associations between metabolic disease, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, sleep-disordered breathing, pulmonary hypertension and acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Mark Evans
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and Cardiovascular Science, Edinburgh Medical School, Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - D. Grahame Hardie
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Ren Q, Lv X, Yang L, Yue J, Luo Y, Zhou L, Meng S, Yang S, Puchi B, Zhou X, Ji L. Erythrocytosis and Performance of HbA1c in Detecting Diabetes on an Oxygen-Deficient Plateau: A Population-based Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5696786. [PMID: 31904080 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test is a standard test for diabetes screening and diagnosis. OBJECTIVE To evaluate A1c performance for diabetes screening in high-altitude polycythemia compared to a population with a high proportion of people living in an oxygen-deficient environment. DESIGN A population-based epidemiological survey was conducted. SETTING The cities Lhasa and Shigatse were selected. Volunteers were recruited through educational advertisements about diabetes. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1401 Tibetan adults without known diabetes. INTERVENTIONS Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), HbA1c, and complete blood cell count were performed. Hemoglobin A1c was evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography, and serum glucose level, using the hexokinase method. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES World Health Organization criteria were used to define diabetes and prediabetes. Hemoglobin A1c test performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS The participants' mean age was 44.3 ± 15.0 years; 33.3% of the participants were men and 38.6% lived in urban areas. The prediabetes and diabetes prevalence rates were 7.5% and 3.6%, respectively. The optimal HbA1c cutoff for detecting diabetes was 46 mmol/mol (6.4%), with a sensitivity and specificity of 60.8% and 93.6%, respectively. The cutoff for detecting diabetes was 6.7% (50 mmol/mol) in subjects with high-altitude polycythemia (HAPC). The relationship between red blood cell (RBC) counts and HbA1c was significant (P < 0.001), while there was no correlation between hemoglobin (Hb) and HbA1c (P = 0.085). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age and fasting serum glucose or 2-hour OGTT (OGTT2h) serum glucose, RBC count and not Hb level was an independent risk factor for HbA1c (β = 0.140, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The optimal HbA1c cutoff for detecting diabetes was 46 mmol/mol (6.4%) in Tibet. Red blood cell count was an independent risk factor for elevated HbA1c, and HAPC may affect the predictive ability of HbA1c.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Lv
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Tibet, China
| | - Lihui Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Tibet, China
| | - Jun Yue
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Tibet, China
| | - Yingying Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lingli Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyou Meng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Tibet, China
| | - Senlin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Tibet, China
| | - Basang Puchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Tibet, China
| | - Xianghai Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Linong Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Association of EPAS1 and PPARA Gene Polymorphisms with High-Altitude Headache in Chinese Han Population. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1593068. [PMID: 32185192 PMCID: PMC7060407 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1593068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background High-altitude headache (HAH) is the most common complication after high-altitude exposure. Hypoxia-inducible factor- (HIF-) related genes have been confirmed to contribute to high-altitude acclimatization. We aim to investigate a possible association between HIF-related genes and HAH in the Chinese Han population. Methods In total, 580 healthy Chinese Han volunteers were recruited in Chengdu (500 m) and carried to Lhasa (3700 m) by plane in 2 hours. HAH scores and basic physiological parameters were collected within 18-24 hours after the arrival. Thirty-five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in HIF-related genes were genotyped, and linkage disequilibrium (LD) was evaluated by Haploview software. The functions of SNPs/haplotypes for HAH were developed by using logistic regression analysis. Results In comparison with wild types, the rs4953354 "G" allele (P=0.013), rs6756667 "A" allele (P=0.013), rs6756667 "A" allele (EPAS1, and rs6520015 "C" allele in PPARA (P=0.013), rs6756667 "A" allele (PPARA (P=0.013), rs6756667 "A" allele (EPAS1, and rs6520015 "C" allele in PPARA (P=0.013), rs6756667 "A" allele (. Conclusions EPAS1 and PPARA polymorphisms were associated with HAH in the Chinese Han population. Our findings pointed out potentially predictive gene markers, provided new insights into understanding pathogenesis, and may further provide prophylaxis and treatment strategies for HAH.EPAS1, and rs6520015 "C" allele in PPARA (.
Collapse
|
59
|
Wu DD, Yang CP, Wang MS, Dong KZ, Yan DW, Hao ZQ, Fan SQ, Chu SZ, Shen QS, Jiang LP, Li Y, Zeng L, Liu HQ, Xie HB, Ma YF, Kong XY, Yang SL, Dong XX, Esmailizadeh A, Irwin DM, Xiao X, Li M, Dong Y, Wang W, Shi P, Li HP, Ma YH, Gou X, Chen YB, Zhang YP. Convergent genomic signatures of high-altitude adaptation among domestic mammals. Natl Sci Rev 2019; 7:952-963. [PMID: 34692117 PMCID: PMC8288980 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwz213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Abundant and diverse domestic mammals living on the Tibetan Plateau provide useful materials for investigating adaptive evolution and genetic convergence. Here, we used 327 genomes from horses, sheep, goats, cattle, pigs and dogs living at both high and low altitudes, including 73 genomes generated for this study, to disentangle the genetic mechanisms underlying local adaptation of domestic mammals. Although molecular convergence is comparatively rare at the DNA sequence level, we found convergent signature of positive selection at the gene level, particularly the EPAS1 gene in these Tibetan domestic mammals. We also reported a potential function in response to hypoxia for the gene C10orf67, which underwent positive selection in three of the domestic mammals. Our data provide an insight into adaptive evolution of high-altitude domestic mammals, and should facilitate the search for additional novel genes involved in the hypoxia response pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Dong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Cui-Ping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Ming-Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Kun-Zhe Dong
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Da-Wei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zi-Qian Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Song-Qing Fan
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Shu-Zhou Chu
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Qiu-Shuo Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Li-Ping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Lin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - He-Qun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Hai-Bing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Yun-Fei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Shu-Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xin-Xing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ali Esmailizadeh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, PB 76169-133, Iran
| | - David M Irwin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Yang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Peng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Hai-Peng Li
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yue-Hui Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiao Gou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yong-Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Ya-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Schweizer RM, Velotta JP, Ivy CM, Jones MR, Muir SM, Bradburd GS, Storz JF, Scott GR, Cheviron ZA. Physiological and genomic evidence that selection on the transcription factor Epas1 has altered cardiovascular function in high-altitude deer mice. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008420. [PMID: 31697676 PMCID: PMC6837288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary adaptation to extreme environments often requires coordinated changes in multiple intersecting physiological pathways, but how such multi-trait adaptation occurs remains unresolved. Transcription factors, which regulate the expression of many genes and can simultaneously alter multiple phenotypes, may be common targets of selection if the benefits of induced changes outweigh the costs of negative pleiotropic effects. We combined complimentary population genetic analyses and physiological experiments in North American deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) to examine links between genetic variation in transcription factors that coordinate physiological responses to hypoxia (hypoxia-inducible factors, HIFs) and multiple physiological traits that potentially contribute to high-altitude adaptation. First, we sequenced the exomes of 100 mice sampled from different elevations and discovered that several SNPs in the gene Epas1, which encodes the oxygen sensitive subunit of HIF-2α, exhibited extreme allele frequency differences between highland and lowland populations. Broader geographic sampling confirmed that Epas1 genotype varied predictably with altitude throughout the western US. We then discovered that Epas1 genotype influences heart rate in hypoxia, and the transcriptomic responses to hypoxia (including HIF targets and genes involved in catecholamine signaling) in the heart and adrenal gland. Finally, we used a demographically-informed selection scan to show that Epas1 variants have experienced a history of spatially varying selection, suggesting that differences in cardiovascular function and gene regulation contribute to high-altitude adaptation. Our results suggest a mechanism by which Epas1 may aid long-term survival of high-altitude deer mice and provide general insights into the role that highly pleiotropic transcription factors may play in the process of environmental adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rena M. Schweizer
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jonathan P. Velotta
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Catherine M. Ivy
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew R. Jones
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Sarah M. Muir
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gideon S. Bradburd
- Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior Graduate Group, Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jay F. Storz
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Graham R. Scott
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Zachary A. Cheviron
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
He Y, Lou H, Cui C, Deng L, Gao Y, Zheng W, Guo Y, Wang X, Ning Z, Li J, Li B, Bai C, Liu S, Wu T, Xu S, Qi X, Su B. De novo assembly of a Tibetan genome and identification of novel structural variants associated with high-altitude adaptation. Natl Sci Rev 2019; 7:391-402. [PMID: 34692055 PMCID: PMC8288928 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwz160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural variants (SVs) may play important roles in human adaptation to extreme environments such as high altitude but have been under-investigated. Here, combining long-read sequencing with multiple scaffolding techniques, we assembled a high-quality Tibetan genome (ZF1), with a contig N50 length of 24.57 mega-base pairs (Mb) and a scaffold N50 length of 58.80 Mb. The ZF1 assembly filled 80 remaining N-gaps (0.25 Mb in total length) in the reference human genome (GRCh38). Markedly, we detected 17 900 SVs, among which the ZF1-specific SVs are enriched in GTPase activity that is required for activation of the hypoxic pathway. Further population analysis uncovered a 163-bp intronic deletion in the MKL1 gene showing large divergence between highland Tibetans and lowland Han Chinese. This deletion is significantly associated with lower systolic pulmonary arterial pressure, one of the key adaptive physiological traits in Tibetans. Moreover, with the use of the high-quality de novo assembly, we observed a much higher rate of genome-wide archaic hominid (Altai Neanderthal and Denisovan) shared non-reference sequences in ZF1 (1.32%–1.53%) compared to other East Asian genomes (0.70%–0.98%), reflecting a unique genomic composition of Tibetans. One such archaic hominid shared sequence—a 662-bp intronic insertion in the SCUBE2 gene—is enriched and associated with better lung function (the FEV1/FVC ratio) in Tibetans. Collectively, we generated the first high-resolution Tibetan reference genome, and the identified SVs may serve as valuable resources for future evolutionary and medical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ouzhuluobu
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa 850000, China
- Fukang Obstetrics, Gynecology and Children Branch Hospital, Tibetan Fukang Hospital, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Yaoxi He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Haiyi Lou
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chaoying Cui
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Lian Deng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wangshan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yongbo Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaoji Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhilin Ning
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jun Li
- Fukang Obstetrics, Gynecology and Children Branch Hospital, Tibetan Fukang Hospital, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Bin Li
- Center for Disease Control, Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Caijuan Bai
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Baimakangzhuo
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Gonggalanzi
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Dejiquzong
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Bianba
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Duojizhuoma
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Shiming Liu
- National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, High Altitude Medical Research Institute, Xining 810012, China
| | - Tianyi Wu
- National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, High Altitude Medical Research Institute, Xining 810012, China
| | - Shuhua Xu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Shanghai 200438, China
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Xuebin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Fukang Obstetrics, Gynecology and Children Branch Hospital, Tibetan Fukang Hospital, Lhasa 850000, China
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Bing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Enhanced flow-motion complexity of skin microvascular perfusion in Sherpas and lowlanders during ascent to high altitude. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14391. [PMID: 31591502 PMCID: PMC6779732 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50774-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An increased and more effective microvascular perfusion is postulated to play a key role in the physiological adaptation of Sherpa highlanders to the hypobaric hypoxia encountered at high altitude. To investigate this, we used Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZC) analysis to explore the spatiotemporal dynamics of the variability of the skin microvascular blood flux (BF) signals measured at the forearm and finger, in 32 lowlanders (LL) and 46 Sherpa highlanders (SH) during the Xtreme Everest 2 expedition. Measurements were made at baseline (BL) (LL: London 35 m; SH: Kathmandu 1300 m) and at Everest base camp (LL and SH: EBC 5,300 m). We found that BF signal content increased with ascent to EBC in both SH and LL. At both altitudes, LZC of the BF signals was significantly higher in SH, and was related to local slow-wave flow-motion activity over multiple spatial and temporal scales. In SH, BF LZC was also positively associated with LZC of the simultaneously measured tissue oxygenation signals. These data provide robust mechanistic information of microvascular network functionality and flexibility during hypoxic exposure on ascent to high altitude. They demonstrate the importance of a sustained heterogeneity of network perfusion, associated with local vaso-control mechanisms, to effective tissue oxygenation during hypobaric hypoxia.
Collapse
|
63
|
Qu Y, Chen C, Xiong Y, She H, Zhang YE, Cheng Y, DuBay S, Li D, Ericson PGP, Hao Y, Wang H, Zhao H, Song G, Zhang H, Yang T, Zhang C, Liang L, Wu T, Zhao J, Gao Q, Zhai W, Lei F. Rapid phenotypic evolution with shallow genomic differentiation during early stages of high elevation adaptation in Eurasian Tree Sparrows. Natl Sci Rev 2019; 7:113-127. [PMID: 34692022 PMCID: PMC8289047 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwz138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Known as the ‘third polar region’, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau represents one of the harshest highland environments in the world and yet a number of organisms thrive there. Previous studies of birds, animals and humans have focused on well-differentiated populations in later stages of phenotypic divergence. The adaptive processes during the initial phase of highland adaptation remain poorly understood. We studied a human commensal, the Eurasian Tree Sparrow, which has followed human agriculture to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Despite strong phenotypic differentiation at multiple levels, in particular in muscle-related phenotypes, highland and lowland populations show shallow genomic divergence and the colonization event occurred within the past few thousand years. In a one-month acclimation experiment investigating phenotypic plasticity, we exposed adult lowland tree sparrows to a hypoxic environment and did not observe muscle changes. Through population genetic analyses, we identified a signature of polygenic adaptation, whereby shifts in allele frequencies are spread across multiple loci, many of which are associated with muscle-related processes. Our results reveal a case of positive selection in which polygenic adaptation appears to drive rapid phenotypic evolution, shedding light on early stages of adaptive evolution to a novel environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Qu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chunhai Chen
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518084, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huishang She
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong E Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Yalin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shane DuBay
- Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Life Sciences Section, Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| | - Dongming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Per G P Ericson
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Hongfeng Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Gang Song
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518084, China
| | - Ting Yang
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518084, China
| | - Liping Liang
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518084, China
| | - Tianyu Wu
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518084, China
| | - Jinyang Zhao
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518084, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518084, China
| | - Weiwei Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Fumin Lei
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Bhandari S, Cavalleri GL. Population History and Altitude-Related Adaptation in the Sherpa. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1116. [PMID: 31555147 PMCID: PMC6722185 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The first ascent of Mount Everest by Tenzing Norgay and Sir Edmund Hillary in 1953 brought global attention to the Sherpa people and human performance at altitude. The Sherpa inhabit the Khumbu Valley of Nepal, and are descendants of a population that has resided continuously on the Tibetan plateau for the past ∼25,000 to 40,000 years. The long exposure of the Sherpa to an inhospitable environment has driven genetic selection and produced distinct adaptive phenotypes. This review summarizes the population history of the Sherpa and their physiological and genetic adaptation to hypoxia. Genomic studies have identified robust signals of positive selection across EPAS1, EGLN1, and PPARA, that are associated with hemoglobin levels, which likely protect the Sherpa from altitude sickness. However, the biological underpinnings of other adaptive phenotypes such as birth weight and the increased reproductive success of Sherpa women are unknown. Further studies are required to identify additional signatures of selection and refine existing Sherpa-specific adaptive phenotypes to understand how genetic factors have underpinned adaptation in this population. By correlating known and emerging signals of genetic selection with adaptive phenotypes, we can further reveal hypoxia-related biological mechanisms of adaptation. Ultimately this work could provide valuable information regarding treatments of hypoxia-related illnesses including stroke, heart failure, lung disease and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Bhandari
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gianpiero L Cavalleri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Ma J, Pei T, Dong F, Dong Y, Yang Z, Chen J, Guo S, Zhao Q, Wang S, Ma J, Zhang Z. Spatial and demographic disparities in short stature among school children aged 7-18 years: a nation-wide survey in China, 2014. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e026634. [PMID: 31315860 PMCID: PMC6661596 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify spatial disparities and demographic characteristics of short stature, we analysed the prevalence of short stature collected in a nationwide health survey. SETTINGS Data were obtained from the 2014 Chinese National Survey on Students Constitution and Health (a cross-sectional study of China). Participants came from 30 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities (except Tibet, Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan). PARTICIPANTS There were 213 795 Han school children between 7 and 18 years old enrolled in our study. All participants were sampled by stratified cluster. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Short stature; Chinese and WHO age-specific and gender-specific height growth references were used for short stature assessment. RESULTS The age-standardised and age-gender-standardised prevalence of short stature nationwide was 3.70% and 2.69% according to Chinese and WHO growth references, respectively. The short stature prevalence differed significantly among age groups, urban and rural areas, and regions with different socioeconomic development levels (all p<0.0001). The prevalence was 2.23% in urban versus 5.12% in rural areas (p<0.001). The prevalence was 2.60% in developed, 3.72% in intermediately developed, and 4.69% in underdeveloped regions (p<0.0001). These values were all according to China's growth reference, but similar patterns were observed on prevalence based on the WHO reference. The spatial distribution of prevalence of short stature presented a clustered pattern. Moran's I value was 0.474 (p<0.001) and 0.478 (p<0.001) according to the Chinese and WHO growth references, respectively. The southwest part of China showed a higher prevalence of short stature, whereas lower prevalence of short stature was observed mainly in the northeast part of China. CONCLUSIONS There is an appreciably high prevalence of short stature in rural, underdeveloped areas of China. There are high prevalence spatial clusters of short stature in southwestern China. This provides corroborating evidence for a tailored strategy on short stature prevention and reduction in special areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ma
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fen Dong
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China‐Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health & School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaogeng Yang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health & School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sihui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuling Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Chaoyang District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shunan Wang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health & School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Li A, Wang Y, Li Z, Qamar H, Mehmood K, Zhang L, Liu J, Zhang H, Li J. Probiotics isolated from yaks improves the growth performance, antioxidant activity, and cytokines related to immunity and inflammation in mice. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:112. [PMID: 31217027 PMCID: PMC6585042 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yaks living in the high-altitude hypoxic environment of Tibetan plateau (3600 m) have special gut microbes. However, it is still little research on yak probiotics until now. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to evaluate the growth promoting effect, antioxidant capability, immune effect, and anti-inflammatory ability of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezensis isolated from Tibetan yaks in mice model. RESULTS The results showed that the isolated strains supplementation not only improve the growth performance but also increased the length of villus in the small intestine and intestinal digestive enzyme activity. Importantly, we observed that the T-AOC, SOD, and GSH-PX levels were increased and the MDA content was reduced in probiotic-treated mice, which implied that probiotics supplementation can ameliorate the antioxidative activity of mice. The levels of AST and ALT correlated with the hepatic injury were reduced and the levels of AKP, TP, GLB, ALB, Ca, and P were markedly higher than those in the control group. Additionally, mice treated with probiotics exhibited higher serum IgG, IgM and IgA, which can reflect the immune status to some extent. At the same time, the major pro-inflammatory factor TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 were down-regulated and the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 was up-regulated compared with the control groups. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, these results demonstrated that Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezensis supplementation can increase overall growth performance and ameliorate the blood parameters related to inflammation and immunity of mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aoyun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hammad Qamar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.,University College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Lihong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China. .,College of Animals Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, 860000, Tibet, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Chen X, Li H, Zhang Q, Wang J, Zhang W, Liu J, Li B, Xin Z, Liu J, Yin H, Chen J, Kong Y, Luo W. Combined fractional anisotropy and subcortical volumetric abnormalities in healthy immigrants to high altitude: A longitudinal study. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:4202-4212. [PMID: 31206892 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of individuals at high-altitude (HA) exposure provides an important opportunity for unraveling physiological and psychological mechanism of brain underlying hypoxia condition. However, this has rarely been assessed longitudinally. We aim to explore the cognitive and cerebral microstructural alterations after chronic HA exposure. We recruited 49 college freshmen who immigrated to Tibet and followed up for 2 years. Control group consisted of 49 gender and age-matched subjects from sea level. Neuropsychological tests were also conducted to determine whether the subjects' cognitive function had changed in response to chronic HA exposure. Surface-based cortical and subcortical volumes were calculated from structural magnetic resonance imaging data, and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis of white matter (WM) fractional anisotropy (FA) based on diffusion weighted images were performed. Compared to healthy controls, the high-altitude exposed individuals showed significantly lower accuracy and longer reaction times in memory tests. Significantly decreased gray matter volume in the caudate region and significant FA changes in multiple WM tracts were observed for HA immigrants. Furthermore, differences in subcortical volume and WM integration were found to be significantly correlated with the cognitive changes after 2 years' HA exposure. Cognitive functions such as working memory and psychomotor function were found to be impaired during chronic HA. Differences of brain subcortical volumes and WM integration between HA and sea-level participants indicated potential impairments in the brain structural modifications and microstructural integrity of WM tracts after HA exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiye Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Network Center, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Baojuan Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenlong Xin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong Yin
- Department of Radiology, General Hospital of Tibet Military Region, Lhasa, China
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yazhuo Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Comparative transcriptomics of 3 high-altitude passerine birds and their low-altitude relatives. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:11851-11856. [PMID: 31127049 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1819657116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-altitude environments present strong stresses for living organisms, which have driven striking phenotypic and genetic adaptations. While previous studies have revealed multiple genetic adaptations in high-altitude species, how evolutionary history (i.e., phylogenetic background) contributes to similarity in genetic adaptations to high-altitude environments is largely unknown, in particular in a group of birds. We explored this in 3 high-altitude passerine birds from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and their low-altitude relatives in lowland eastern China. We generated transcriptomic data for 5 tissues across these species and compared sequence changes and expression shifts between high- and low-altitude pairs. Sequence comparison revealed that similarity in all 3 high-altitude species was high for genes under positive selection (218 genes) but low in amino acid substitutions (only 4 genes sharing identical amino acid substitutions). Expression profiles for all genes identified a tissue-specific expression pattern (i.e., all species clustered by tissue). By contrast, an altitude-related pattern was observed in genes differentially expressed between all 3 species pairs and genes associated with altitude, suggesting that the high-altitude environment may drive similar expression shifts in the 3 high-altitude species. Gene expression level, gene connectivity, and the interactions of these 2 factors with altitude were correlated with evolutionary rates. Our results provide evidence for how gene sequence changes and expression shifts work in a concerted way in a group of high-altitude birds, leading to similar evolution routes in response to high-altitude environmental stresses.
Collapse
|
69
|
Ma H, Zhang D, Li X, Ma H, Wang N, Wang Y. Long-term exposure to high altitude attenuates verbal and spatial working memory: Evidence from an event-related potential study. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01256. [PMID: 30891949 PMCID: PMC6456776 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to determine the neurocognitive basis underlying the effects of long-term high-altitude (HA) exposure on working memory (WM). METHODS Using event-related potentials (ERPs), we compared the performance of an HA group (individuals who had lived at HA for 3 years but were born and raised at low altitude [LA]) to that of an LA group (individuals who had only lived at LA) on verbal and spatial n-back tasks (i.e., 1- and 2-back memory load). RESULTS Response accuracy of the HA group was significantly decreased in comparison to the LA group in both the verbal and spatial 2-back tasks. The P2 amplitude was larger in the HA than in the LA group in the spatial, but not the verbal 2-back task. A smaller late-positive potential (LPP) amplitude was found in the HA group in both the verbal and spatial 2-back tasks. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that HA impairs the matching (P2) process in spatial WM tasks and the maintenance (LPP) process in both verbal and spatial WM tasks, indicating that HA had a different effect on verbal and spatial 2-back task performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Ma
- Center on Aging PsychologyCAS Key Laboratory of Mental HealthInstitute of PsychologyBeijingChina
- Plateau Brain Science Research CenterTibet University/South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou/TibetChina
| | - Delong Zhang
- Plateau Brain Science Research CenterTibet University/South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou/TibetChina
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of PsychologySouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xuebing Li
- Center on Aging PsychologyCAS Key Laboratory of Mental HealthInstitute of PsychologyBeijingChina
| | - Huifang Ma
- College of ManagementTianjin UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Niannian Wang
- Plateau Brain Science Research CenterTibet University/South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou/TibetChina
| | - Yan Wang
- Center on Aging PsychologyCAS Key Laboratory of Mental HealthInstitute of PsychologyBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Nie MJ, Fan CQ, Sun RZ, Wang JJ, Feng Q, Zhang YF, Yao Z, Wang M. Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents at Altitudes over 3500 Meters: A Cross-Sectional Study in Tibet. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16050686. [PMID: 30813580 PMCID: PMC6427613 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16050686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a scarcity of studies on the physical activity (PA) of children and adolescents who live at high altitudes. This study aimed to objectively assess PA of children and adolescents living in the Tibet at altitudes over 3500 m and to examine its difference by ethnicity, gender, age/grade, and body weight status groups. A sample of 397 students aged 9–18 years were recruited from 7 schools in Lhasa, Tibet. PA was measured using accelerometers (ActiGraph GT3X) for seven consecutive days and moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) was identified using the Evenson (2008) cut-points. Participant MVPA was 62.3 min/day, with 65.5 min/day during weekdays and 54.1 min/day on weekends. Indigenous Tibetans were more active than Hans, and boys had more MVPA than girls. Age had a significantly weak negative correlation with MVPA. There was no significant difference in MVPA between the non-overweight and overweight/obese groups. Overall, only 9.1% (13.8% in boys and 4.5% in girls) accumulated at least 60 min of MVPA per day. Compared to their counterparts in other regions, the daily MVPA of children and adolescents living on the Tibetan Plateau at altitudes over 3500 m was relatively high. However, the proportion of meeting the WHO’s PA recommendations was extremely low.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jian Nie
- National Physical Fitness Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing 100061, China.
| | - Chao-Qun Fan
- National Physical Fitness Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing 100061, China.
| | - Rui-Zhe Sun
- Tibet Institute of Sport Science, Lhasa 850007, China.
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- National Physical Fitness Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing 100061, China.
| | - Qiang Feng
- National Physical Fitness Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing 100061, China.
| | - Yan-Feng Zhang
- National Physical Fitness Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing 100061, China.
| | - Zhi Yao
- Tibet Institute of Sport Science, Lhasa 850007, China.
| | - Mei Wang
- National Physical Fitness Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing 100061, China.
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Basagaña X. Household air pollution as an important factor in the complex relationship between altitude and COPD. Eur Respir J 2019; 53:53/2/1802454. [PMID: 30759422 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02454-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Basagaña
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain .,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Rieger MG, Nowak-Flück D, Morris LE, Niroula S, Sherpa KT, Tallon CM, Stembridge M, Ainslie PN, McManus AM. UBC-Nepal Expedition: Cerebrovascular Responses to Exercise in Sherpa Children Residing at High Altitude. High Alt Med Biol 2019; 20:45-55. [PMID: 30648898 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2018.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the process of successful adaptation to high altitude provides valuable insight into the pathogenesis of conditions associated with impaired oxygen uptake and utilization. Prepubertal children residing at low altitude show a reduced cerebrovascular response to exercise in comparison to adults, and a transient uncoupling of cerebral blood flow to changes in the partial pressure of end-tidal CO2 (PETCO2); however, little is known about the cerebrovascular response to exercise in high-altitude native children. We sought to compare the cerebral hemodynamic response to acute exercise between prepubertal children residing at high and low altitude. Prepubertal children (n = 32; 17 female) of Sherpa descent (Sherpa children [SC]) at high altitude (3800 m, Nepal) and maturational-matched (n = 32; 20 female) children (lowland children [LLC]) residing at low altitude (342 m, Canada). Ventilation, peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), PETCO2, and blood velocity in the middle and posterior cerebral arteries (MCAv and PCAv) were continuously measured during a graded cycling exercise test to exhaustion. At baseline (BL), PETCO2 (-19 ± 4 mmHg, p < 0.001), SpO2 (-6.0% ± 2.1%, p < 0.001), MCAv (-12% ± 5%, p = 0.02), and PCAv (-12% ± 6%, p = 0.04) were lower in SC when compared with LLC. Despite this, the relative change in MCAv and PCAv during exercise was similar between the two groups (p = 0.99). Linear regression analysis demonstrated a positive relationship between changes in PETCO2 with MCAv in SC (R2 = 0.13, p > 0.001), but not in LLC (R2 = 0.03, p = 0.10). Our findings demonstrate a similar increase in intra-cranial perfusion during exercise in prepubertal SC, despite differential BL values and changes in PETCO2 and SpO2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathew G Rieger
- 1 Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Daniela Nowak-Flück
- 1 Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Laura E Morris
- 1 Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Shailesh Niroula
- 2 Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.,3 Khunde Hospital, Khunde, Nepal
| | | | - Christine M Tallon
- 1 Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Mike Stembridge
- 4 Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- 1 Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Ali M McManus
- 1 Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Convergent evolution on the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway genes EGLN1 and EPAS1 in high-altitude ducks. Heredity (Edinb) 2019; 122:819-832. [PMID: 30631144 PMCID: PMC6781116 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-018-0173-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During periods of reduced O2 supply, the most profound changes in gene expression are mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcription factors that play a key role in cellular responses to low-O2 tension. Using target-enrichment sequencing, we tested whether variation in 26 genes in the HIF signaling pathway was associated with high altitude and therefore corresponding O2 availability in three duck species that colonized the Andes from ancestral low-altitude habitats in South America. We found strong support for convergent evolution in the case of two of the three duck species with the same genes (EGLN1, EPAS1), and even the same exons (exon 12, EPAS1), exhibiting extreme outliers with a high probability of directional selection in the high-altitude populations. These results mirror patterns of adaptation seen in human populations, which showed mutations in EPAS1, and transcriptional regulation differences in EGLN1, causing changes in downstream target transactivation, associated with a blunted hypoxic response.
Collapse
|
74
|
Qi X, Zhang Q, He Y, Yang L, Zhang X, Shi P, Yang L, Liu Z, Zhang F, Liu F, Liu S, Wu T, Cui C, Ouzhuluobu, Bai C, Baimakangzhuo, Han J, Zhao S, Liang C, Su B. The Transcriptomic Landscape of Yaks Reveals Molecular Pathways for High Altitude Adaptation. Genome Biol Evol 2019; 11:72-85. [PMID: 30517636 PMCID: PMC6320679 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evy264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Yak is one of the largest native mammalian species at the Himalayas, the highest plateau area in the world with an average elevation of >4,000 m above the sea level. Yak is well adapted to high altitude environment with a set of physiological features for a more efficient blood flow for oxygen delivery under hypobaric hypoxia. Yet, the genetic mechanism underlying its adaptation remains elusive. We conducted a cross-tissue, cross-altitude, and cross-species study to characterize the transcriptomic landscape of domestic yaks. The generated multi-tissue transcriptomic data greatly improved the current yak genome annotation by identifying tens of thousands novel transcripts. We found that among the eight tested tissues (lung, heart, kidney, liver, spleen, muscle, testis, and brain), lung and heart are two key organs showing adaptive transcriptional changes and >90% of the cross-altitude differentially expressed genes in lung display a nonlinear regulation. Pathways related to cell survival and proliferation are enriched, including PI3K-Akt, HIF-1, focal adhesion, and ECM–receptor interaction. These findings, in combination with the comprehensive transcriptome data set, are valuable to understanding the genetic mechanism of hypoxic adaptation in yak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuebin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Qu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Perspective Sciences, Chongqing, China.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yaoxi He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Lixin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Peng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Linping Yang
- Animal Husbandry, Veterinary and Forestry Bureau of Maqu County, Maqu, China
| | - Zhengheng Liu
- Animal Husbandry, Veterinary and Forestry Bureau of Maqu County, Maqu, China
| | - Fuheng Zhang
- Animal Husbandry, Veterinary and Forestry Bureau of Maqu County, Maqu, China
| | - Fengyun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, High Altitude Medical Research Institute, Xining, China
| | - Shiming Liu
- National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, High Altitude Medical Research Institute, Xining, China
| | - Tianyi Wu
- National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, High Altitude Medical Research Institute, Xining, China
| | - Chaoying Cui
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa, China
| | - Ouzhuluobu
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa, China
| | - Caijuan Bai
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa, China
| | - Baimakangzhuo
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa, China
| | - Jianlin Han
- CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chunnian Liang
- Lanzhou Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Drug Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Exaptation at the molecular genetic level. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2018; 62:437-452. [PMID: 30798493 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-018-9447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The realization that body parts of animals and plants can be recruited or coopted for novel functions dates back to, or even predates the observations of Darwin. S.J. Gould and E.S. Vrba recognized a mode of evolution of characters that differs from adaptation. The umbrella term aptation was supplemented with the concept of exaptation. Unlike adaptations, which are restricted to features built by selection for their current role, exaptations are features that currently enhance fitness, even though their present role was not a result of natural selection. Exaptations can also arise from nonaptations; these are characters which had previously been evolving neutrally. All nonaptations are potential exaptations. The concept of exaptation was expanded to the molecular genetic level which aided greatly in understanding the enormous potential of neutrally evolving repetitive DNA-including transposed elements, formerly considered junk DNA-for the evolution of genes and genomes. The distinction between adaptations and exaptations is outlined in this review and examples are given. Also elaborated on is the fact that such distinctions are sometimes more difficult to determine; this is a widespread phenomenon in biology, where continua abound and clear borders between states and definitions are rare.
Collapse
|
76
|
Ma H, Huang X, Liu M, Ma H, Zhang D. Aging of stimulus-driven and goal-directed attentional processes in young immigrants with long-term high altitude exposure in Tibet: An ERP study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17417. [PMID: 30479363 PMCID: PMC6258680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34706-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
High altitude (HA) exposure reduces the behavioral response to visual attention and the neural basis is still largely unclear. The present study explored the stimulus-driven and goal-directed factors that are hidden within this attentional behavior impairment via a visual search paradigm in young immigrants in Tibet by recording event-related potential (ERPs). We found that HA explosure significantly slowed the stimulus-driven behaviors instead of the goal-directed behaviors. Furthermore, the P1, N1, and P3 amplitudes collectively indicated the poor efficiency of entire attention behaviors, in which the P3 magnitude of resources allocation was negatively correlated with the attentional behavior response. And the P3 scalp distribution suggested a compensation for insufficient resources of sensory processing only in the goal-directed behaviors. Together, the present study made the point on how stimulus-driven and goal-directed attentional behaviors changed as a result of chronic HA environment exposure, which is similar to aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Ma
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, South China Normal University/Tibet University, Guangzhou, 510631/Lhasa 850012, China.,Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, South China Normal University/Tibet University, Guangzhou, 510631/Lhasa 850012, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, South China Normal University/Tibet University, Guangzhou, 510631/Lhasa 850012, China.,Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Huifang Ma
- College of Management, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Delong Zhang
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, South China Normal University/Tibet University, Guangzhou, 510631/Lhasa 850012, China. .,Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China. .,Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Yanamandra U, Senee H, Yanamadra S, Das SK, Bhattachar SA, Das R, Kumar S, Malhotra P, Varma S, Varma N, Nair V. Erythropoietin and ferritin response in native highlanders aged 4-19 years from the Leh-Ladakh region of India. Br J Haematol 2018; 184:263-268. [PMID: 30474185 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The pivotal role of erythropoietin (EPO) in hypoxic adaptation has led to various studies assessing the EPO and ferritin response in native highlanders from Andes and Tibet. We assessed the relationship between EPO, haemoglobin and ferritin in 335 native highlanders (172 boys and 163 girls, aged 4 to 19 years) from Leh-Ladakh, India, who had no history of travel to lowland areas. Complete blood counts, serum EPO and ferritin levels were measured. We stratified study subjects based on age, gender, pubertal status and analysed the EPO and ferritin levels between the stratified groups respectively. The mean EPO level in boys was lower than girls. The mean ferritin level in boys was significantly higher (P = 0·013) than in girls. There was no significant variation in the EPO and ferritin levels amongst the various age groups in our study. Near normal EPO levels since childhood with a negative correlation with haemoglobin is suggestive of a robust adaptive mechanism to high altitude from the early years of life. Low ferritin levels are indicative of decreased iron stores in these native highlanders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uday Yanamandra
- Department of Haematology, Army Hospital (Research & Referral), New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Subrat K Das
- Regimental Medical Officer, EME School, Vadodara, India
| | | | - Reena Das
- Department of Haematology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Suman Kumar
- Department of Haematology, Army Hospital (Research & Referral), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Subhash Varma
- Department of Internal Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neelam Varma
- Department of Haematology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Velu Nair
- Ex Director General Medical Services, Integrated Headquarters, Ministry of Defence, Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Rowold DJ, Gayden T, Luis JR, Alfonso-Sanchez MA, Garcia-Bertrand R, Herrera RJ. Investigating the genetic diversity and affinities of historical populations of Tibet. Gene 2018; 682:81-91. [PMID: 30266503 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study elucidates Y chromosome distribution patterns in the three general provincial populations of historical Tibet, Amdo (n = 88), Dotoe (n = 109) and U-Tsang (n = 153) against the backdrop of 37 Asian reference populations. The central aim of this study is to investigate the genetic affinities of the three historical Tibetan populations among themselves and to neighboring populations. Y-SNP and Y-STR profiles were assessed in these historical populations. Correspondence analyses (CA) were generated with Y-SNP haplogroup data. Y-STR haplotypes were determined and employed to generate multidimensional scaling (MDS) plots based on Rst distances. Frequency contour maps of informative Y haplogroups were constructed to visualize the distributions of specific chromosome types. Network analyses based on Y-STR profiles of individuals under specific Y haplogroups were generated to examine the genetic heterogeneity among populations. Average gene diversity values and other parameters of population genetics interest were estimated to characterize the populations. The Y chromosomal results generated in this study indicate that using two sets of markers (Y-SNP, and Y-STR) the three Tibetan populations are genetically distinct. In addition, U-Tsang displays the highest gene diversity, followed by Amdo and Dotoe. The results of this transcontinental biogeographical investigation also indicate various degrees of paternal genetic affinities among these three Tibetan populations depending on the type of loci (Y-SNP or Y-STR) analyzed. The CA generated with Y-SNP haplogroup data demonstrates that Amdo and U-Tsang are closer to each other than to any neighboring non-Tibetan group. In contrast, the MDS plot based on Y-STR haplotypes displays Rst distances that are much shorter between U-Tsang and its geographic nearby populations of Ladakh, Punjab, Kathmandu and Newar than between it and Amdo. Moreover, although Dotoe is isolated from all other groups using both types of marker systems, it lies nearer to the other Tibetan collections in the Y-SNP CA than in the Y-STR MDS plot. High resolution and shallow evolutionary time frames engendered by Y-STR based analyses may reflect a more recent demographic history than that delineated by the more conserved Y-SNP markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diane J Rowold
- Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution, Gainesville, FL 32601, USA
| | - Tenzin Gayden
- PRecision Oncology For Young PeopLE (PROFYLE), Montreal Node, Canada
| | - Javier Rodriguez Luis
- Area de Antropología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel A Alfonso-Sanchez
- Departamento de Genetica y Antropologia Fisica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Rene J Herrera
- Department of Molecular Biology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO 80903, USA
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Li JJ, Liu Y, Xie SY, Zhao GD, Dai T, Chen H, Mu LF, Qi HY, Li J. Newborn screening for congenital heart disease using echocardiography and follow-up at high altitude in China. Int J Cardiol 2018; 274:106-112. [PMID: 30195837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.08.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulse oximetry screening for critical congenital heart disease (CHD) is inapplicable to high altitude due to the variedly decreased arterial saturations and rare complex CHD. We examined the incidence and spectrum of CHD in newborns using echocardiography at high altitude and followed up their outcomes. METHODS A total of 1337 babies were studied. Echocardiography was performed in 1002 asymptomatic newborns (3-5 days). In the same period, retrospectively studied 394 newborns (≤2 days) admitted to the NICU where echocardiograph was performed in 335. In both groups, follow-up was made at 1-3, 6 and 12-18 months. RESULTS The incidence of CHD in asymptomatic newborns was 27.8%, consisting secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) [175 (62.7%)], patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) [61 (21.9%)], ventricular septal defect (VSD) [8 (2.9%)] and multiple defects [35 (12.6%)]. And 19.4% in NICU patients with similar spectrum, except for 2 with complex CHD who died before discharge. By 12-18 months of follow-up, 30% of CHD remained open. Thirteen patients developed mild to severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and 2 of them died of heart failure. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of CHD in newborns at high altitude is about 20 times higher than that at low altitude, consisting mostly of simple forms with left to right shunt, with rare complex CHD. By 12-18 months, the incidence of CHD is still about 10 times higher than that at low altitude. About 8% patients developed PAH or death. Follow-up must be reinforced in order to provide early intervention and prevent from PAH or death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Li
- Clinical Pathophysiology Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Echocardiography, Women and Children's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai 810000, China
| | - Si-Yuan Xie
- Clinical Pathophysiology Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Guo-Dong Zhao
- Department of Echocardiography, Women and Children's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai 810000, China
| | - Ting Dai
- Department of Echocardiography, Women and Children's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai 810000, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Echocardiography, Women and Children's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai 810000, China
| | - Lan-Fang Mu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai 810000, China
| | - Hai-Ying Qi
- Department of Echocardiography, Women and Children's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai 810000, China.
| | - Jia Li
- Clinical Pathophysiology Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100020, China.
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Fan X, Ma L, Zhang Z, Li Y, Hao M, Zhao Z, Zhao Y, Liu F, Liu L, Luo X, Cai P, Li Y, Kang L. Associations of high-altitude polycythemia with polymorphisms in PIK3CD and COL4A3 in Tibetan populations. Hum Genomics 2018; 12:37. [PMID: 30053909 PMCID: PMC6062892 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-018-0169-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High-altitude polycythemia (HAPC) is a chronic high-altitude disease that can lead to an increase in the production of red blood cells in the people who live in the plateau, a hypoxia environment, for a long time. The most frequent symptoms of HAPC include headache, dizziness, breathlessness, sleep disorders, and dilation of veins. Although chronic hypoxia is the main cause of HAPC, the fundamental pathophysiologic process and related molecular mechanisms responsible for its development remain largely unclear yet. Aim/methods This study aimed to explore the related hereditary factors of HAPC in the Chinese Han and Tibetan populations. A total of 140 patients (70 Han and 70 Tibetan) with HAPC and 60 healthy control subjects (30 Han and 30 Tibetan) were recruited for a case-control association study. To explore the genetic basis of HAPC, we investigated the association between HAPC and both phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphonate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit delta gene (PIK3CD) and collagen type IV α3 chain gene (COL4A3) in Chinese Han and Tibetan populations. Results/conclusion Using the unconditional logistic regression analysis and the false discovery rate (FDR) calculation, we found that eight SNPs in PIK3CD and one SNP in COL4A3 were associated with HAPC in the Tibetan population. However, in the Han population, we did not find any significant association. Our study suggested that polymorphisms in the PIK3CD and COL4A3 were correlated with susceptibility to HAPC in the Tibetan population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Fan
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lifeng Ma
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.,Six Industrial Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Meng Hao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiduo Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingguang Luo
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Peng Cai
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yansong Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082, Shaanxi, China
| | - Longli Kang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082, Shaanxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Lague SL, Chua B, Alza L, Scott GR, Frappell PB, Zhong Y, Farrell AP, McCracken KG, Wang Y, Milsom WK. Divergent respiratory and cardiovascular responses to hypoxia in bar-headed geese and Andean birds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 220:4186-4194. [PMID: 29141880 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.168799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Many high-altitude vertebrates have evolved increased capacities in their oxygen transport cascade (ventilation, pulmonary diffusion, circulation and tissue diffusion), enhancing oxygen transfer from the atmosphere to mitochondria. However, the extent of interspecies variation in the control processes that dictate hypoxia responses remains largely unknown. We compared the metabolic, cardiovascular and respiratory responses to progressive decreases in inspired oxygen levels of bar-headed geese (Anser indicus), birds that biannually migrate across the Himalayan mountains, with those of Andean geese (Chloephaga melanoptera) and crested ducks (Lophonetta specularioides), lifelong residents of the high Andes. We show that Andean geese and crested ducks have evolved fundamentally different mechanisms for maintaining oxygen supply during low oxygen (hypoxia) from those of bar-headed geese. Bar-headed geese respond to hypoxia with robust increases in ventilation and heart rate, whereas Andean species increase lung oxygen extraction and cardiac stroke volume. We propose that transient high-altitude performance has favoured the evolution of robust convective oxygen transport recruitment in hypoxia, whereas life-long high-altitude residency has favoured the evolution of structural enhancements to the lungs and heart that increase lung diffusion and stroke volume.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine L Lague
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 4200-6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - Beverly Chua
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 4200-6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - Luis Alza
- Department of Biology and Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.,Institute of Arctic Biology and University of Alaska Museum, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA.,Department of Ornithology, Centro de Ornitología y Biodiversidad, Lima, Peru
| | - Graham R Scott
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Peter B Frappell
- Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Yang Zhong
- Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of High Altitude Medicine, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China.,School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Anthony P Farrell
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 4200-6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4.,Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - Kevin G McCracken
- Department of Biology and Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.,Institute of Arctic Biology and University of Alaska Museum, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada, K7L 3N6
| | - William K Milsom
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 4200-6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Ivy CM, York JM, Lague SL, Chua BA, Alza L, McCracken KG, Milsom WK, Scott GR. Validation of a Pulse Oximetry System for High-Altitude Waterfowl by Examining the Hypoxia Responses of the Andean Goose (Chloephaga melanoptera). Physiol Biochem Zool 2018. [DOI: 10.1086/697053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
83
|
He Y, Qi X, Ouzhuluobu, Liu S, Li J, Zhang H, Baimakangzhuo, Bai C, Zheng W, Guo Y, Duojizhuoma, Baimayangji, Dejiquzong, Bianba, Gonggalanzi, Pan Y, Qula, Kangmin, Cirenyangji, Guo W, Yangla, Peng Y, Zhang X, Xiang K, Yang Z, Wang L, Gengdeng, Zhang Y, Wu T, Su B, Cui C. Blunted nitric oxide regulation in Tibetans under high-altitude hypoxia. Natl Sci Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwy037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important molecule for vasomotor tone, and elevated NO signaling was previously hypothesized as a unique and adaptive physiological change in highland Tibetans. However, there has been lack of NO data from Tibetans living at low altitude and lowlander immigrants living at high altitude, which is crucial to test this hypothesis. Here, through cross-altitude (1990–5018 m) and cross-population (Tibetans and Han Chinese) analyses of serum NO metabolites (NOx) of 2086 individuals, we demonstrate that although Tibetans have a higher serum NOx level compared to lowlanders, Han Chinese immigrants living at high altitude show an even higher level than Tibetans. Consequently, our data contradict the previous proposal of increased NO signaling as the unique adaptive strategy in Tibetans. Instead, Tibetans have a relatively lower circulating NOx level at high altitude. This observation is further supported by data from the hypoxic experiments using human umbilical vein endothelial cells and gene knockout mice. No difference is detected between Tibetans and Han Chinese for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), the key enzyme for circulating NO synthesis, suggesting that eNOS itself is unlikely to be the cause. We show that other NO synthesis-related genes (e.g. GCH1) carry Tibetan-enriched mutations significantly associated with the level of circulating NOx in Tibetans. Furthermore, gene network analysis revealed that the downregulation and upregulation of NOx is possibly achieved through distinct pathways. Collectively, our findings provide novel insights into the physiological and genetic mechanisms of the evolutionary adaptation of Tibetans to high-altitude hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxi He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Xuebin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Ouzhuluobu
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Shiming Liu
- National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, High Altitude Medical Research Institute, Xining 810012, China
| | - Jun Li
- Fukang International Medical Examination Center, Fukang Obstetrics, Gynecology and Children Branch Hospital, Tibetan Fukang Hospital, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Baimakangzhuo
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Caijuan Bai
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Wangshan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Yongbo Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Duojizhuoma
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Baimayangji
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Dejiquzong
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Bianba
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Gonggalanzi
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Yongyue Pan
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Qula
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Kangmin
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Cirenyangji
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Wei Guo
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Yangla
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Yi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Kun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Zhaohui Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedicine Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Liangbang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, High Altitude Medical Research Institute, Xining 810012, China
| | - Gengdeng
- National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, High Altitude Medical Research Institute, Xining 810012, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Fukang International Medical Examination Center, Fukang Obstetrics, Gynecology and Children Branch Hospital, Tibetan Fukang Hospital, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Tianyi Wu
- National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, High Altitude Medical Research Institute, Xining 810012, China
| | - Bing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Chaoying Cui
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa 850000, China
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Guo YB, He YX, Cui CY, Ouzhu L, Baima K, Duoji Z, Deji Q, Bian B, Peng Y, Bai CJ, Gongga L, Pan YY, Qu L, Kang M, Ciren Y, Baima Y, Guo W, Yang L, Zhang H, Zhang XM, Zheng WS, Xu SH, Chen H, Zhao SG, Cai Y, Liu SM, Wu TY, Qi XB, Su B. GCH1 plays a role in the high-altitude adaptation of Tibetans. Zool Res 2018; 38:155-162. [PMID: 28585439 PMCID: PMC5460084 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2017.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tibetans are well adapted to high-altitude hypoxia. Previous genome-wide scans have reported many candidate genes for this adaptation, but only a few have been studied. Here we report on a hypoxia gene ( GCH1, GTP-cyclohydrolase I), involved in maintaining nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) function and normal blood pressure, that harbors many potentially adaptive variants in Tibetans. We resequenced an 80.8 kb fragment covering the entire gene region of GCH1 in 50 unrelated Tibetans. Combined with previously published data, we demonstrated many GCH1 variants showing deep divergence between highlander Tibetans and lowlander Han Chinese. Neutrality tests confirmed a signal of positive Darwinian selection on GCH1 in Tibetans. Moreover, association analysis indicated that the Tibetan version of GCH1 was significantly associated with multiple physiological traits in Tibetans, including blood nitric oxide concentration, blood oxygen saturation, and hemoglobin concentration. Taken together, we propose that GCH1 plays a role in the genetic adaptation of Tibetans to high altitude hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Bo Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Yao-Xi He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China; High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa Tibet 850000, China
| | - Chao-Ying Cui
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa Tibet 850000, China
| | - Luobu Ouzhu
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa Tibet 850000, China
| | - Kangzhuo Baima
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa Tibet 850000, China
| | - Zhuoma Duoji
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa Tibet 850000, China
| | - Quzong Deji
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa Tibet 850000, China
| | - Ba Bian
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa Tibet 850000, China
| | - Yi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Cai-Juan Bai
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa Tibet 850000, China
| | - Lanzi Gongga
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa Tibet 850000, China
| | - Yong-Yue Pan
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa Tibet 850000, China
| | | | - Min Kang
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa Tibet 850000, China
| | - Yangji Ciren
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa Tibet 850000, China
| | - Yangji Baima
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa Tibet 850000, China
| | - Wei Guo
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa Tibet 850000, China
| | - la Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Wang-Shan Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Shu-Hua Xu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Max Planck Independent Research Group on Population Genomics, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology(PICB), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 200031, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Center for Computational Genomics, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Sheng-Guo Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, China
| | - Yuan Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, China
| | - Shi-Ming Liu
- National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, High Altitude Medical Research Institute, Xining Qinghai 810012, China
| | - Tian-Yi Wu
- National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, High Altitude Medical Research Institute, Xining Qinghai 810012, China
| | - Xue-Bin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China.
| | - Bing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China.
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Gupta R, Ulfberg J, Allen RP, Goel D. Comparison of Subjective Sleep Quality of Long-Term Residents at Low and High Altitudes: SARAHA Study. J Clin Sleep Med 2018; 14:15-21. [PMID: 29198293 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.6870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To study the effect of altitude on subjective sleep quality in populations living at high and low altitudes after excluding cases of restless legs syndrome (RLS). METHODS This population-based study was conducted at three different altitudes (400 m, 1,900-2,000 m, and 3,200 m above sea level). All consenting subjects available from random stratified sampling in the Himalayan and sub-Himalayan regions of India were included in the study (ages 18 to 84 years). Sleep quality and RLS status were assessed using validated translations of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Cambridge Hopkins RLS diagnostic questionnaire. Recent medical records were screened to gather data for medical morbidities. RESULTS In the total sample of 1,689 participants included, 55.2% were women and average age of included subjects was 35.2 (± 10.9) years. In this sample, overall 18.4% reported poor quality of sleep (PSQI ≥ 5). Poor quality of sleep was reported more commonly at high altitude compared to low altitude (odds ratio [OR] = 2.65; 95% CI = 1.9-3.7; P < .001). It was more frequently reported among patients with RLS (29.7% versus 17.1% without RLS; P < .001). Other factors that were associated with poor quality of sleep were male sex, smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and varicose veins. Binary logistic regression indicated that COPD (OR = 1.97; 95% CI = 1.36-2.86; P < .001), high altitude (OR = 2.22; 95% CI = 1.55-3.18; P < .001), and RLS (OR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.12-2.46; P = .01) increased the odds for poor quality of sleep. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that poor quality of sleep was approximately twice as prevalent at high altitudes compared to low altitudes even after removing the potential confounders such as RLS and COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Gupta
- Department of Psychiatry, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, India.,Sleep Clinic, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, India
| | - Jan Ulfberg
- Sleep Clinic, Capio Medical Center, Hamnplan, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Richard P Allen
- Department of Neurology, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Deepak Goel
- Sleep Clinic, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, India.,Department of Neurology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, India
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Ivy CM, Scott GR. Control of breathing and ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia in deer mice native to high altitudes. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017. [PMID: 28640969 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM We compared the control of breathing and heart rate by hypoxia between high- and low-altitude populations of Peromyscus mice, to help elucidate the physiological specializations that help high-altitude natives cope with O2 limitation. METHODS Deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) native to high altitude and congeneric mice native to low altitude (Peromyscus leucopus) were bred in captivity at sea level. The F1 progeny of each population were raised to adulthood and then acclimated to normoxia or hypobaric hypoxia (12 kPa, simulating hypoxia at ~4300 m) for 5 months. Responses to acute hypoxia were then measured during stepwise reductions in inspired O2 fraction. RESULTS Lowlanders exhibited ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia (VAH), in which hypoxia acclimation enhanced the hypoxic ventilatory response, made breathing pattern more effective (higher tidal volumes and lower breathing frequencies at a given total ventilation), increased arterial O2 saturation and heart rate during acute hypoxia, augmented respiratory water loss and led to significant growth of the carotid body. In contrast, highlanders did not exhibit VAH - exhibiting a fixed increase in breathing that was similar to hypoxia-acclimated lowlanders - and they maintained even higher arterial O2 saturations in hypoxia. However, the carotid bodies of highlanders were not enlarged by hypoxia acclimation and were similar in size to those of normoxic lowlanders. Highlanders also maintained consistently higher heart rates than lowlanders during acute hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that highland deer mice have evolved high rates of alveolar ventilation and respiratory O2 uptake without the significant enlargement of the carotid bodies that is typical of VAH in lowlanders, possibly to adjust the hypoxic chemoreflex for life in high-altitude hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. M. Ivy
- Department of Biology; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - G. R. Scott
- Department of Biology; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Kang J, Ma X, He S. Evidence of high-altitude adaptation in the glyptosternoid fish, Creteuchiloglanis macropterus from the Nujiang River obtained through transcriptome analysis. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:229. [PMID: 29169322 PMCID: PMC5701497 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-1074-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organisms living at high altitudes face low oxygen and temperature conditions; thus, the genetic mechanisms underlying the adaptations in these organisms merit investigation. The glyptosternoid fish, Creteuchiloglanis macropterus mainly inhabits regions with gradual increases in altitudes along the Nujiang River and might serve as an appropriate evolutionary model for detecting adaptation processes in environments with altitude changes. RESULTS We constructed eleven RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) libraries of C. macropterus collected from five locations at different altitudes to identify the genetic signatures of high-altitude adaptation. The comparative genomic analysis indicated that C. macropterus has an accelerated evolutionary rate compared with that of fishes in the lowland, and fishes at higher altitudes might evolve faster. Functional enrichment analysis of the fast-evolving and positively selected genes, differentially expressed genes and highly expressed genes, showed that these genes were involved in many functions related to energy metabolism and hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence of high-altitude adaptation in C. macropterus, and the detected adaptive genes might be a resource for future investigations of adaptations to high-altitude environments in other fishes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingliang Kang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072 China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuhui Ma
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025 China
| | - Shunping He
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072 China
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Zhang H, He Y, Cui C, Ouzhuluobu, Baimakangzhuo, Duojizhuoma, Dejiquzong, Bianba, Gonggalanzi, Pan Y, Qula, Kangmin, Cirenyangji, Baimayangji, Bai C, Guo W, Yangla, Peng Y, Zhang X, Xiang K, Yang Z, Liu S, Tao X, Gengdeng, Zheng W, Guo Y, Wu T, Qi X, Su B. Cross-altitude analysis suggests a turning point at the elevation of 4,500 m for polycythemia prevalence in Tibetans. Am J Hematol 2017; 92:E552-E554. [PMID: 28589696 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine; Tibetan University; Lhasa 850000 China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution; Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming 650223 China
| | - Yaoxi He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution; Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming 650223 China
- Kunming College of Life Science; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100101 China
| | - Chaoying Cui
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine; Tibetan University; Lhasa 850000 China
| | - Ouzhuluobu
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine; Tibetan University; Lhasa 850000 China
| | - Baimakangzhuo
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine; Tibetan University; Lhasa 850000 China
| | - Duojizhuoma
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine; Tibetan University; Lhasa 850000 China
| | - Dejiquzong
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine; Tibetan University; Lhasa 850000 China
| | - Bianba
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine; Tibetan University; Lhasa 850000 China
| | - Gonggalanzi
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine; Tibetan University; Lhasa 850000 China
| | - Yongyue Pan
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine; Tibetan University; Lhasa 850000 China
| | - Qula
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine; Tibetan University; Lhasa 850000 China
| | - Kangmin
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine; Tibetan University; Lhasa 850000 China
| | - Cirenyangji
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine; Tibetan University; Lhasa 850000 China
| | - Baimayangji
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine; Tibetan University; Lhasa 850000 China
| | - Caijuan Bai
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine; Tibetan University; Lhasa 850000 China
| | - Wei Guo
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine; Tibetan University; Lhasa 850000 China
| | - Yangla
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine; Tibetan University; Lhasa 850000 China
| | - Yi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution; Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming 650223 China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution; Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming 650223 China
| | - Kun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution; Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming 650223 China
| | - Zhaohui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution; Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming 650223 China
| | - Shiming Liu
- National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine; High Altitude Medical Research Institute; Xining 810012 China
| | - Xiang Tao
- National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine; High Altitude Medical Research Institute; Xining 810012 China
| | - Gengdeng
- National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine; High Altitude Medical Research Institute; Xining 810012 China
| | - Wangshan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution; Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming 650223 China
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Gansu Agricultural University; Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Yongbo Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution; Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming 650223 China
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Gansu Agricultural University; Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Tianyi Wu
- National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine; High Altitude Medical Research Institute; Xining 810012 China
| | - Xuebin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution; Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming 650223 China
| | - Bing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution; Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming 650223 China
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Moore LG. Measuring high-altitude adaptation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 123:1371-1385. [PMID: 28860167 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00321.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High altitudes (>8,000 ft or 2,500 m) provide an experiment of nature for measuring adaptation and the physiological processes involved. Studies conducted over the past ~25 years in Andeans, Tibetans, and, less often, Ethiopians show varied but distinct O2 transport traits from those of acclimatized newcomers, providing indirect evidence for genetic adaptation to high altitude. Short-term (acclimatization, developmental) and long-term (genetic) responses to high altitude exhibit a temporal gradient such that, although all influence O2 content, the latter also improve O2 delivery and metabolism. Much has been learned concerning the underlying physiological processes, but additional studies are needed on the regulation of blood flow and O2 utilization. Direct evidence of genetic adaptation comes from single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based genome scans and whole genome sequencing studies that have identified gene regions acted upon by natural selection. Efforts have begun to understand the connections between the two with Andean studies on the genetic factors raising uterine blood flow, fetal growth, and susceptibility to Chronic Mountain Sickness and Tibetan studies on genes serving to lower hemoglobin and pulmonary arterial pressure. Critical for future studies will be the selection of phenotypes with demonstrable effects on reproductive success, the calculation of actual fitness costs, and greater inclusion of women among the subjects being studied. The well-characterized nature of the O2 transport system, the presence of multiple long-resident populations, and relevance for understanding hypoxic disorders in all persons underscore the importance of understanding how evolutionary adaptation to high altitude has occurred.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Variation in O2 transport characteristics among Andean, Tibetan, and, when available, Ethiopian high-altitude residents supports the existence of genetic adaptations that improve the distribution of blood flow to vital organs and the efficiency of O2 utilization. Genome scans and whole genome sequencing studies implicate a broad range of gene regions. Future studies are needed using phenotypes of clear relevance for reproductive success for determining the mechanisms by which naturally selected genes are acting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorna G Moore
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Peng Y, Cui C, He Y, Ouzhuluobu, Zhang H, Yang D, Zhang Q, Bianbazhuoma, Yang L, He Y, Xiang K, Zhang X, Bhandari S, Shi P, Yangla, Dejiquzong, Baimakangzhuo, Duojizhuoma, Pan Y, Cirenyangji, Baimayangji, Gonggalanzi, Bai C, Bianba, Basang, Ciwangsangbu, Xu S, Chen H, Liu S, Wu T, Qi X, Su B. Down-Regulation of EPAS1 Transcription and Genetic Adaptation of Tibetans to High-Altitude Hypoxia. Mol Biol Evol 2017; 34:818-830. [PMID: 28096303 PMCID: PMC5400376 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msw280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tibetans are well adapted to the hypoxic environments at high altitude, yet the molecular mechanism of this adaptation remains elusive. We reported comprehensive genetic and functional analyses of EPAS1, a gene encoding hypoxia inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α) with the strongest signal of selection in previous genome-wide scans of Tibetans. We showed that the Tibetan-enriched EPAS1 variants down-regulate expression in human umbilical endothelial cells and placentas. Heterozygous EPAS1 knockout mice display blunted physiological responses to chronic hypoxia, mirroring the situation in Tibetans. Furthermore, we found that the Tibetan version of EPAS1 is not only associated with the relatively low hemoglobin level as a polycythemia protectant, but also is associated with a low pulmonary vasoconstriction response in Tibetans. We propose that the down-regulation of EPAS1 contributes to the molecular basis of Tibetans’ adaption to high-altitude hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Chaoying Cui
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa, China
| | - Yaoxi He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ouzhuluobu
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa, China
| | - Deying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Qu Zhang
- Perspective Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Bianbazhuoma
- The Municipal People's Hospital of Lhasa, Lhasa, China
| | - Lixin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yibo He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Sushil Bhandari
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Peng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yangla
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa, China
| | - Dejiquzong
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa, China
| | - Baimakangzhuo
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa, China
| | - Duojizhuoma
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa, China
| | - Yongyue Pan
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa, China
| | - Cirenyangji
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa, China
| | - Baimayangji
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa, China
| | - Gonggalanzi
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa, China
| | - Caijuan Bai
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa, China
| | - Bianba
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa, China
| | - Basang
- People's Hospital of Dangxiong County, Dangxiong, China
| | - Ciwangsangbu
- People's Hospital of Dangxiong County, Dangxiong, China
| | - Shuhua Xu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Max Planck Independent Research Group on Population Genomics, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology (PICB), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Center for Computational Genomics, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiming Liu
- National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, High Altitude Medical Research Institute, Xining, China
| | - Tianyi Wu
- National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, High Altitude Medical Research Institute, Xining, China
| | - Xuebin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Bing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa, China
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Zheng WS, He YX, Cui CY, Ouzhu L, Deji Q, Peng Y, Bai CJ, Duoji Z, Gongga L, Bian B, Baima K, Pan YY, Qu L, Kang M, Ciren Y, Baima Y, Guo W, Yang L, Zhang H, Zhang XM, Guo YB, Xu SH, Chen H, Zhao SG, Cai Y, Liu SM, Wu TY, Qi XB, Su B. EP300 contributes to high-altitude adaptation in Tibetans by regulating nitric oxide production. Zool Res 2017; 38:163-170. [PMID: 28585440 PMCID: PMC5460085 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2017.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic adaptation of Tibetans to high altitude hypoxia likely involves a group of genes in the hypoxic pathway, as suggested by earlier studies. To test the adaptive role of the previously reported candidate gene EP300 (histone acetyltransferase p300), we conducted resequencing of a 108.9 kb gene region of EP300 in 80 unrelated Tibetans. The allele-frequency and haplotype-based neutrality tests detected signals of positive Darwinian selection on EP300 in Tibetans, with a group of variants showing allelic divergence between Tibetans and lowland reference populations, including Han Chinese, Europeans, and Africans. Functional prediction suggested the involvement of multiple EP300 variants in gene expression regulation. More importantly, genetic association tests in 226 Tibetans indicated significant correlation of the adaptive EP300 variants with blood nitric oxide (NO) concentration. Collectively, we propose that EP300 harbors adaptive variants in Tibetans, which might contribute to high-altitude adaptation through regulating NO production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Shan Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Yao-Xi He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Chao-Ying Cui
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa Tibet 850000, China
| | - Luobu Ouzhu
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa Tibet 850000, China
| | - Quzong Deji
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa Tibet 850000, China
| | - Yi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Cai-Juan Bai
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa Tibet 850000, China
| | - Zhuoma Duoji
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa Tibet 850000, China
| | - Lanzi Gongga
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa Tibet 850000, China
| | - Ba Bian
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa Tibet 850000, China
| | - Kangzhuo Baima
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa Tibet 850000, China
| | - Yong-Yue Pan
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa Tibet 850000, China
| | - la Qu
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa Tibet 850000, China
| | - Min Kang
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa Tibet 850000, China
| | - Yangji Ciren
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa Tibet 850000, China
| | - Yangji Baima
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa Tibet 850000, China
| | - Wei Guo
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa Tibet 850000, China
| | - la Yang
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa Tibet 850000, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Yong-Bo Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Shu-Hua Xu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Max Planck Independent Research Group on Population Genomics, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 200031, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Center for Computational Genomics, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Sheng-Guo Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, China
| | - Yuan Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, China
| | - Shi-Ming Liu
- National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, High Altitude Medical Research Institute, Xining Qinghai 810012, China
| | - Tian-Yi Wu
- National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, High Altitude Medical Research Institute, Xining Qinghai 810012, China
| | - Xue-Bin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China.
| | - Bing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China.
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Aryal N, Weatherall M, Bhatta YKD, Mann S. Blood Pressure and Hypertension in Adults Permanently Living at High Altitude: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. High Alt Med Biol 2016; 17:185-193. [DOI: 10.1089/ham.2015.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Aryal
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Mark Weatherall
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Stewart Mann
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Dimov PK, Marinov BI, Ilchev IS, Taralov ZZ, Kostianev SS. Evaluation of Acute Exogenous Hypoxia Impact on the Fraction of Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Healthy Males. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2016; 57:230-4. [PMID: 27180350 DOI: 10.1515/folmed-2015-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exogenous hypoxia increases ventilation and contracts the pulmonary vessels. Whether those factors change the values of nitric oxide in exhaled air has not yet been evaluated. OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of exogenous normobaric hypoxia on the values of the fraction of nitric oxide in exhaled breath (FeNO). Subjects аnd Methods: Twenty healthy non-smoker males at mean age of 25.4 (SD = 3.7) were tested. The basal FeNO values were compared with those at 7 min. and 15 min. after introducing into the hypoxic environment (hypoxic tent), imitating atmospheric air with oxygen concentration corresponding to 3200 m above sea level. Exhaled breath temperature was measured at baseline and at 10-12 min. of the hypoxic exposition. Heart rate and oxygen saturation were registered by pulse-oximetry. RESULTS All the subjects had FeNO values in the reference range. The mean baseline value was 14.0 ± 3.2 ppb, and in hypoxic conditions - 15.5 ± 3.8 ppb (7 min.) and 15.3 ± 3.6 ppb (15 min.), respectively, as the elevation is statistically significant (p = 0.011 and p = 0.008). The values of exhaled breath temperature were 33.79 ± 1.55°С and 33.87 ± 1.83°С (p = 0.70) at baseline and in hypoxic conditions, respectively. Baseline oxygen saturation in all subjects was higher than that, measured in hypoxia (96.93 ± 1.29% vs. 94.27 ± 2.53%; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Exogenous hypoxia leads to an increase of FeNO values, but does not affect the exhaled breath temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter K Dimov
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, Plovdiv
| | - Blagoi I Marinov
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, Plovdiv
| | | | - Zdravko Z Taralov
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, Plovdiv
| | - Stefan S Kostianev
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, Plovdiv
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Xu Q, Zhang C, Zhang D, Jiang H, Peng S, Liu Y, Zhao K, Wang C, Chen L. Analysis of the erythropoietin of a Tibetan Plateau schizothoracine fish (Gymnocypris dobula) reveals enhanced cytoprotection function in hypoxic environments. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:11. [PMID: 26768152 PMCID: PMC4714423 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0581-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone that plays a principal regulatory role in erythropoiesis and initiates cell homeostatic responses to environmental challenges. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a natural laboratory for hypoxia adaptation. Gymnocypris dobula is a highly specialized plateau schizothoracine fish that is restricted to > 4500 m high-altitude freshwater rivers and ponds in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The role of EPO in the adaptation of schizothoracine fish to hypoxia is unknown. RESULTS The EPO and EPO receptor genes from G. dobula and four other schizothoracine fish from various altitudinal habitats were characterized. Schizothoracine EPOs are predicted to possess 2-3 N-glycosylation (NGS) sites, 4-5 casein kinase II phosphorylation (CK2) sites, 1-2 protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation sites, and four conserved cysteine residues within four helical domains, with variations in the numbers of NGS and CK2 sites in G. dobula. PAML analysis indicated a d N/d S value (ω) = 1.112 in the G. dobula lineage, and a few amino acids potentially under lineage-specific positive selection were detected within the G. dobula EPO. Similarly, EPO receptors of the two high-altitude schizothoracines (G. dobula and Ptychobarbus kaznakovi), were found to be statistically on the border of positive selection using the branch-site model (P-value = 0.096), and some amino acids located in the ligand-binding domain and the fibronectin type III domain were identified as potentially positive selection sites. Tissue EPO expression profiling based on transcriptome sequencing of three schizothoracines (G. dobula, Schizothorax nukiangensis Tsao, and Schizothorax prenanti) showed significant upregulation of EPO expression in the brain and less significantly in the gill of G. dobula. The elevated expression together with the rapid evolution of the EPO gene in G. dobula suggested a possible role for EPO in adaptation to hypoxia. To test this hypothesis, Gd-EPO and Sp-EPO were cloned into an expression vector and transfected into the cultured cell line 293 T. Significantly higher cell viability was observed in cells transfected with Gd-EPO than cells harboring Sp-EPO when challenged by hypoxia. CONCLUSION The deduced EPO proteins of the schizothoracine fish contain characteristic structures and important domains similar to EPOs from other taxa. The presence of potentially positive selection sites in both EPO and EPOR in G. dobula suggest possible adaptive evolution in the ligand-receptor binding activity of the EPO signaling cascade in G. dobula. Functional study indicated that the EPO from high-altitude schizothoracine species demonstrated features of hypoxic adaptation by reducing toxic effects or improving cell survival when expressed in cultured cells, providing evidence of molecular adaptation to hypoxic conditions in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianghua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Distant-water Fisheries, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Huapeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Sihua Peng
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Kai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.
| | - Congcong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liangbiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Ma H, Wang Y, Wu J, Wang B, Guo S, Luo P, Han B. Long-Term Exposure to High Altitude Affects Conflict Control in the Conflict-Resolving Stage. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145246. [PMID: 26671280 PMCID: PMC4682854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurocognitive basis of the effect of long-term high altitude exposure on conflict control is unclear. Event related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in a flanker task to investigate the influence of high altitude on conflict control in the high-altitude group (who had lived at high altitude for three years but were born at low altitude) and the low-altitude group (living in low altitude only). Although altitude effect was not significant at the behavioral level, ERPs showed cognitive conflict modulation. The interaction between group and trial type was significant: P3 amplitude was greater in the low-altitude group than in the high-altitude group in the incongruent trial. This result suggests that long-term exposure to high altitude affects conflict control in the conflict-resolving stage, and that attentional resources are decreased to resist the conflict control in the high-altitude group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Education and Psychology, Tibet University, Tibet, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baoxi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Psychology and Cognition Science, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shichun Guo
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Luo
- Institute of Education and Psychology, Tibet University, Tibet, China
| | - Buxin Han
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Yang D, Peng Y, Ouzhuluobu, Bianbazhuoma, Cui C, Bianba, Wang L, Xiang K, He Y, Zhang H, Zhang X, Liu J, Shi H, Pan Y, Duojizhuoma, Dejiquzong, Cirenyangji, Baimakangzhuo, Gonggalanzi, Liu S, Gengdeng, Wu T, Chen H, Qi X, Su B. HMOX2 Functions as a Modifier Gene for High-Altitude Adaptation in Tibetans. Hum Mutat 2015; 37:216-23. [PMID: 26781569 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tibetans are well adapted to high-altitude environments. Among the adaptive traits in Tibetans, the relatively low hemoglobin level is considered a blunted erythropoietic response to hypoxic challenge. Previously, EPAS1 and EGLN1, the major upstream regulators in the hypoxic pathway, were reportedly involved in the hemoglobin regulation in Tibetans. In this study, we report a downstream gene (HMOX2) involved in heme catabolism, which harbors potentially adaptive variants in Tibetans. We first resequenced the entire genomic region (45.6 kb) of HMOX2 in Tibetans, which confirmed the previously suspected signal of positive selection on HMOX2 in Tibetans. Subsequent association analyses of hemoglobin levels in two independent Tibetan populations (a total of 1,250 individuals) showed a male-specific association between the HMOX2 variants and hemoglobin levels. Tibetan males with the derived C allele at rs4786504:T>C displayed lower hemoglobin level as compared with the T allele carriers. Furthermore, our in vitro experiments indicated that the C allele of rs4786504 could increase the expression of HMOX2, presumably leading to a more efficient breakdown of heme that may help maintain a relatively low hemoglobin level at high altitude. Collectively, we propose that HMOX2 contributes to high-altitude adaptation in Tibetans by functioning as a modifier in the regulation of hemoglobin metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Ouzhuluobu
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Bianbazhuoma
- The Municipal People's Hospital of Lhasa, Lhasa, 850000, Tibet, China
| | - Chaoying Cui
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Bianba
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Liangbang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, High Altitude Medical Research Institute, Xining, 810012, China
| | - Kun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Yaoxi He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Jiewei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.,Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Yongyue Pan
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Duojizhuoma
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Dejiquzong
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Cirenyangji
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Baimakangzhuo
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Gonggalanzi
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Shimin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, High Altitude Medical Research Institute, Xining, 810012, China
| | - Gengdeng
- National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, High Altitude Medical Research Institute, Xining, 810012, China
| | - Tianyi Wu
- National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, High Altitude Medical Research Institute, Xining, 810012, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Center for Computational Genomics, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xuebin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Bing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Zhong R, Liu H, Wang H, Li X, He Z, Gangla M, Zhang J, Han D, Liu J. Adaption to High Altitude: An Evaluation of the Storage Quality of Suspended Red Blood Cells Prepared from the Whole Blood of Tibetan Plateau Migrants. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144201. [PMID: 26637115 PMCID: PMC4670121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia has been reported to cause the significant enhancement of hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct), which stabilizes at relatively high levels after an individual ascends to a high altitude. However, the quality of the suspended red blood cells (SRBCs) obtained from individuals at high altitudes such as Tibetan plateau migrants after storage has not been studied. In this study, we compared the storage quality of SRBCs prepared from Tibetan plateau and Deyang lowland populations by adding a normal volume of mannitol-adenine-phosphate (MAP), which is a common additive solution used in blood storage in Asian countries. The storage cell characteristics were examined on days1, 7, 14 and 35.We found higher Hct and Hb levels and viscosity in the high altitude samples. The metabolic rates, including those for electrolytes and lactate, were higher in plateau SRBCs than in lowland SRBCs; these findings were consistent with the higher osmotic fragility and hemolysis of plateau SRBCs throughout the entire storage period. In addition, the reduction rates of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) and oxygen tension to attain 50% oxygen saturation of Hb (P50) in plateau SRBCs were higher than those in lowland SRBCs, and the oxygen delivering capacity in plateau SRBCs was weaker than that in lowland SRBCs. We concluded that the storage quality of plateau SRBCs was inferior to that of lowland SRBCs when using the same concentration of MAP. We suggested that the optimal formula, including the MAP concentration or even a new additive solution, to store the plateau SRBCs must be assessed and regulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhong
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Tibet Autonomous Region blood center, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Tibet Autonomous Region blood center, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Zeng He
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Meiduo Gangla
- Tibet Autonomous Region blood center, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Jingdan Zhang
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dingding Han
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Comparative analyses of fecal microbiota in Tibetan and Chinese Han living at low or high altitude by barcoded 454 pyrosequencing. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14682. [PMID: 26443005 PMCID: PMC4595765 DOI: 10.1038/srep14682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge about the impact of altitude and ethnicity on human gut microbiota is currently limited. In this study, fecal microbiota from 12 Tibetans (T group), 11 Chinese Han living in Tibet (HH group) and 12 Chinese Han living in Shaanxi province (LH group) were profiled by 454 pyrosequencing. Analysis of UniFrac principal coordinates showed significant structural changes in fecal microbiota among the three groups. There were significant differences in the composition of fecal microbiota among the three groups at phylum and genus levels. At the phylum level, the fecal samples of HH and T groups had higher relative abundances of Firmicutes, whereas the LH group had a higher relative abundance of Bacteroidetes. These changes at the phylum level reflected different dominant genus compositions. Compared with the LH group, changes of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were mainly due to a significant decrease of Prevotella in the HH group and were primarily attributable to significant decreases of Bacteroides and Prevotella as well as a significant increase of Catenibacterium in the T group. In conclusion, our results suggest that high altitude may contribute to shaping human gut microbiota. Genetic and dietary factors may also explain the different microbiota compositions between Tibetan and Chinese Han.
Collapse
|
99
|
Xin Y, Tang X, Wang H, Lu S, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Chen Q. Functional characterization and expression analysis of myoglobin in high-altitude lizard Phrynocephalus erythrurus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 188:31-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
100
|
Weitz CA, Garruto RM, Chin CT. Larger FVC and FEV1 among Tibetans compared to Han born and raised at high altitude. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2015; 159:244-55. [PMID: 26407532 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study compares forced vital capacity (FVC) and Forced Expiratory Volume at 1 Second (FEV1 ) of Tibetans with those of Han who were born and raised at high altitude. MATERIALS AND METHODS FVC and FEV1 tests were conducted among 1,063 children and adolescents between the ages of 6 and 20 years, and 184 adults between the ages of 21 and 39 years who had lived their entire lives at 3200 m, 3800 m and 4300 m in Qinghai Provence, Peoples Republic of China. RESULTS Even though FVC and FEV1 values of Han born and raised at high altitude are generally lower than those of Tibetans through age 15 in girls and age 16 in boys, differences are largely explained by variation in stature (height-squared) and chest circumference. Among older adolescents and adults, the FVC and FEV1 values of Tibetans are significantly larger than those of Han born and raised at high altitude; and are much larger than would be predicted, based on stature and chest circumference. DISCUSSION These results indicate that the large FVC and FEV1 values of Tibetan adults develop primarily from an accelerated pattern of lung growth that begins during mid-to-late adolescence and possibly extends into young adulthood. This developmental pattern is not only distinct from that of Han born and raised at high altitude, but also from those of Andean Quechua and Aymara. The pace of lung function growth may therefore represent another feature distinguishing the Tibetan from the Andean pattern of adaptation to high altitude hypoxia. Because of this, a search for features in the Tibetan genome related to this lung function growth phenotype might be productive and important.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ralph M Garruto
- Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, 13902
| | - Chen-Ting Chin
- Beijing Medical University, Maternal and Children's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|