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Galocha-León C, Antich C, Voltes-Martínez A, Marchal JA, Mallandrich M, Halbaut L, Rodríguez-Lagunas MJ, Souto EB, Clares-Naveros B, Gálvez-Martín P. Development and characterization of a poloxamer hydrogel composed of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) for reepithelization of skin injuries. Int J Pharm 2023; 647:123535. [PMID: 37865132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing is a natural physiological reaction to tissue injury. Hydrogels show attractive advantages in wound healing not only due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility and permeability but also because provide an excellent environment for cell migration and proliferation. The main objective of the present study was the design and characterization of a hydrogel loaded with human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) for use in would healing of superficial skin injures. Poloxamer 407® was used as biocompatible biomaterial to embed hMSCs. The developed hydrogel containing 20 % (w/w) of polymer resulted in the best formulation with respect to physical, mechanical, morphological and biological properties. Its high swelling capacity confirmed the hydrogel's capacity to absorb wounds' exudate. LIVE/DEAD® assay confirm that hMSCs remained viable for at least 48 h when loaded into the hydrogels. Adding increasing concentrations of hMSCs-loaded hydrogel to the epithelium did not affect keratinocytes' viability and healing capacity and all wound area was closed in less than one day. Our study opens opportunities to exploit poloxamer hydrogels as cell carriers for the treatment of skin superficial wound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Galocha-León
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Antich
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospital of Granada-University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Voltes-Martínez
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospital of Granada-University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; BioFab i3D Lab - Biofabrication and 3D (Bio)printing Singular Laboratory, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan A Marchal
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospital of Granada-University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; BioFab i3D Lab - Biofabrication and 3D (Bio)printing Singular Laboratory, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Mireia Mallandrich
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia IN2UB, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lyda Halbaut
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia IN2UB, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María J Rodríguez-Lagunas
- Department of Biochemistry & Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eliana B Souto
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Beatriz Clares-Naveros
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospital of Granada-University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia IN2UB, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Patricia Gálvez-Martín
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; R&D Human and Animal Health, Bioibérica S.A.U., 08029 Barcelona, Spain
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52
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Hua J, Huang R, Huang Y, Yan S, Zhang Q. Comparison of Silk Hydrogels Prepared via Different Methods. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4419. [PMID: 38006143 PMCID: PMC10674597 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF) hydrogels have garnered extensive attention in biomedical materials, owing to their superior biological properties. However, the challenges facing the targeted silk fibroin hydrogels involve chemical agents and shortfalls in performance. In this study, the silk fibroin hydrogels were prepared in different ways: sonication induction, chemical crosslinking, photopolymerization, and enzyme-catalyzed crosslinking. The SF hydrogels derived from photopolymerization exhibited higher compressive properties, with 124 Kpa fracture compressive stress and breaks at about 46% compression. The chemical crosslinking and enzyme-catalyzed silk fibroin hydrogels showed superior toughness, yet sonication-induced hydrogels showed brittle performance resulting from an increase in silk II crystals. The chemical-crosslinked hydrogel demonstrated lower thermostability due to the weaker crosslinking degree. In vitro, all silk fibroin hydrogels supported the growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, as the cell viability of hydrogels without chemical agents was relatively higher. This study provides insights into the formation process of silk fibroin hydrogels and optimizes their design strategy for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China; (J.H.); (R.H.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Shuqin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China; (J.H.); (R.H.); (Q.Z.)
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53
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Zawadzka-Knefel A, Rusak A, Mrozowska M, Machałowski T, Żak A, Haczkiewicz-Leśniak K, Kulus M, Kuropka P, Podhorska-Okołów M, Skośkiewicz-Malinowska K. Chitin scaffolds derived from the marine demosponge Aplysina fistularis stimulate the differentiation of dental pulp stem cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1254506. [PMID: 38033818 PMCID: PMC10682193 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1254506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of stem cells for tissue regeneration is a prominent trend in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. In particular, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have garnered considerable attention. When exposed to specific conditions, DPSCs have the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts and odontoblasts. Scaffolds are critical for cell differentiation because they replicate the 3D microenvironment of the niche and enhance cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation. The purpose of this study is to present the biological responses of human DPSCs to a purified 3D chitin scaffold derived from the marine demosponge Aplysina fistularis and modified with hydroxyapatite (HAp). Responses examined included proliferation, adhesion, and differentiation. The control culture consisted of the human osteoblast cell line, hFOB 1.19. Electron microscopy was used to examine the ultrastructure of the cells (transmission electron microscopy) and the surface of the scaffold (scanning electron microscopy). Cell adhesion to the scaffolds was determined by neutral red and crystal violet staining methods. An alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay was used for assessing osteoblast/odontoblast differentiation. We evaluated the expression of osteogenic marker genes by performing ddPCR for ALP, RUNX2, and SPP1 mRNA expression levels. The results show that the chitin biomaterial provides a favorable environment for DPSC and hFOB 1.19 cell adhesion and supports both cell proliferation and differentiation. The chitin scaffold, especially with HAp modification, isolated from A. fistularis can make a significant contribution to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zawadzka-Knefel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rusak
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Monika Mrozowska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Machałowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Żak
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Michał Kulus
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Kuropka
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marzenna Podhorska-Okołów
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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54
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Liu X, Wang J, Ren L, Ling Q. Bladder Replacement Therapy. Bladder (San Franc) 2023; 10:e21200010. [PMID: 38022707 PMCID: PMC10668601 DOI: 10.14440/bladder.2023.869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The bladder, as a vital organ of the urinary system, facilitates urine storage and micturition. The bladder can store urine under low pressure, sense volume changes, and coordinate with the urethral sphincter to ensure autonomous and efficient urination and bladder emptying. However, irreversible bladder damage may result from various conditions, such as nerve injuries, aging, or metabolic syndrome, compromising its normal physiological functions and necessitating various interventions for anatomical and functional bladder replacements. This review aimed to summarize advances on anatomical and functional bladder replacements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qing Ling
- Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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55
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Lisa DD, Muzzi L, Lagazzo A, Andolfi A, Martinoia S, Pastorino L. Long-term in vitroculture of 3D brain tissue model based on chitosan thermogel. Biofabrication 2023; 16:015011. [PMID: 37922538 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad0979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Methods for studying brain function and disease heavily rely onin vivoanimal models,ex-vivotissue slices, and 2D cell culture platforms. These methods all have limitations that significantly impact the clinical translatability of results. Consequently, models able to better recapitulate some aspects ofin vivohuman brain are needed as additional preclinical tools. In this context, 3D hydrogel-basedin vitromodels of the brain are considered promising tools. To create a 3D brain-on-a-chip model, a hydrogel capable of sustaining neuronal maturation over extended culture periods is required. Among biopolymeric hydrogels, chitosan-β-glycerophosphate (CHITO-β-GP) thermogels have demonstrated their versatility and applicability in the biomedical field over the years. In this study, we investigated the ability of this thermogel to encapsulate neuronal cells and support the functional maturation of a 3D neuronal network in long-term cultures. To the best of our knowledge, we demonstrated for the first time that CHITO-β-GP thermogel possesses optimal characteristics for promoting neuronal growth and the development of an electrophysiologically functional neuronal network derived from both primary rat neurons and neurons differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (h-iPSCs) co-cultured with astrocytes. Specifically, two different formulations were firstly characterized by rheological, mechanical and injectability tests. Primary nervous cells and neurons differentiated from h-iPSCs were embedded into the two thermogel formulations. The 3D cultures were then deeply characterized by immunocytochemistry, confocal microscopy, and electrophysiological recordings, employing both 2D and 3D micro-electrode arrays. The thermogels supported the long-term culture of neuronal networks for up to 100 d. In conclusion, CHITO-β-GP thermogels exhibit excellent mechanical properties, stability over time under culture conditions, and bioactivity toward nervous cells. Therefore, they are excellent candidates as artificial extracellular matrices in brain-on-a-chip models, with applications in neurodegenerative disease modeling, drug screening, and neurotoxicity evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Di Lisa
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering, University of Genoa, Via all 'Opera Pia 13, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Muzzi
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering, University of Genoa, Via all 'Opera Pia 13, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Lagazzo
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, via Montallegro 1, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Andolfi
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering, University of Genoa, Via all 'Opera Pia 13, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Sergio Martinoia
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering, University of Genoa, Via all 'Opera Pia 13, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Pastorino
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering, University of Genoa, Via all 'Opera Pia 13, 16145 Genoa, Italy
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56
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Sudarsan S, Trofimov E, Franklin D, Venthan SM, Guhanathan S, Mavinkere Rangappa S, Siengchin S. Thermal, morphology and bacterial analysis of pH-responsive sodium carboxyl methylcellulose/ fumaric acid/ acrylamide nanocomposite hydrogels: Synthesis and characterization. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20939. [PMID: 37954319 PMCID: PMC10637903 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this present investigation, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose grafted with Fumaric acid/Acrylamide (CMC/FA/AAm=CFA) hydrogel and their silver nanocomposite hydrogels (CFA-Ag x, x = 5, 10 and 20) were developed by simple, cost effective and ecofriendly greener method. Mint leaf extract was used as an efficient natural reducing agent due to presence of active and antioxidant potential of polyphenol and flavonoid components. Swelling equilibrium of CFA hydrogel showed Seq% 3000 both in pH medium and distilled water. CFA (90:10) hydrogel has been produced greater than Seq% 6000. The synthesized CFA (90:10)-Ag-5, CFA (90:10)-Ag-10 and CFA (90:10)-Ag-20 nanocomposite hydrogels have been observed lower Seq% 2000-3000 than the CFA hydrogel. The homogeneous distribution of AgNPs throughout the CFA hydrogel and nanocomposites has been explored by SEM analysis. The interaction of network heteroatoms with AgNPs has been strongly revealed by the FTIR spectra and XRD analysis. The thermal stability of CFA (90:10)-Ag-5, 10, and 20 nanocomposite hydrogels have showed greater stability than CFA hydrogel which is confirmed by TGA/DSC thermogram analysis. The TEM analysis was used to explore a uniform distribution of spherical AgNPs (10 nm-50 nm) embedded on the CFA composite hydrogel. The CFA (90:10)-Ag-20 nanocomposite hydrogel has showed good antibacterial activity beside E. coli (Gram positive) and S. aureus (Gram negative) pathogens. Based on the antibacterial activity and swelling properties of CFA-Ag nanocomposite hydrogels have the ability to accelerate the antibacterial activity and are potential candidates for medical and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - D.S. Franklin
- Department of Chemistry, Muthurangam Govt. Arts College (Autonomous), Vellore, 632002, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Selvam Mullai Venthan
- Department of Mathematics, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bangaluru, India
| | - Selvam Guhanathan
- Department of Chemistry, Muthurangam Govt. Arts College (Autonomous), Vellore, 632002, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab. Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suchart Siengchin
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab. Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
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57
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Bulut S, Jung SH, Bissing T, Schmitt F, Bund M, Braun S, Pich A. Tuning the Porosity of Dextran Microgels with Supramacromolecular Nanogels as Soft Sacrificial Templates. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303783. [PMID: 37434076 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels, as well as colloidal hydrogels (microgels), are important materials for a large variety of applications in the biomedical field. Microgels with a controlled pore size (meso- and macropores) are required for efficient nutrient support, modulation of cell adhesion, removal of metabolic products in cell cultures, and probiotic loading. Common microgel fabrication techniques do not provide sufficient control over pore sizes and geometry. In this work, the natural polysaccharide dextran modified with methacrylate groups is used to synthesize highly monodisperse meso- and macroporous microgels in a size range of 100-150 µm via photo cross-linking in microfluidic droplets. The size of mesopores is varied by the concentration of dextran methacrylate chains in the droplets (50-200 g L-1 ) and the size of macropores is regulated by the integration of pH-degradable supramacromolecular nanogels with diameters of 300 and 700 nm as sacrificial templates. Using permeability assays combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy, it is demonstrated that functional dextran-based microgels with uniform and defined pores could be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin Bulut
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e. V. RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC) RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Se-Hyeong Jung
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e. V. RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC) RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Laboratory for Soft Materials and Interfaces, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bissing
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e. V. RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC) RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Florian Schmitt
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e. V. RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC) RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michelle Bund
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e. V. RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC) RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Susanne Braun
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e. V. RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC) RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e. V. RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC) RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, Geleen, 6167 RD, Netherlands
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58
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Ben Messaoud G, Aveic S, Wachendoerfer M, Fischer H, Richtering W. 3D Printable Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA)-Dextran Aqueous Two-Phase System with Tunable Pores Structure and Size Enables Physiological Behavior of Embedded Cells In Vitro. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2208089. [PMID: 37403299 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202208089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The restricted porosity of most hydrogels established for in vitro 3D tissue engineering applications limits embedded cells with regard to their physiological spreading, proliferation, and migration behavior. To overcome these confines, porous hydrogels derived from aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) are an interesting alternative. However, while developing hydrogels with trapped pores is widespread, the design of bicontinuous hydrogels is still challenging. Herein, an ATPS consisting of photo-crosslinkable gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and dextran is presented. The phase behavior, monophasic or biphasic, is tuned via the pH and dextran concentration. This, in turn, allows the formation of hydrogels with three distinct microstructures: homogenous nonporous, regular disconnected-pores, and bicontinuous with interconnected-pores. The pore size of the latter two hydrogels can be tuned from ≈4 to 100 µm. Cytocompatibility of the generated ATPS hydrogels is confirmed by testing the viability of stromal and tumor cells. Their distribution and growth pattern are cell-type specific but are also strongly defined by the microstructure of the hydrogel. Finally, it is demonstrated that the unique porous structure is sustained when processing the bicontinuous system by inkjet and microextrusion techniques. The proposed ATPS hydrogels hold great potential for 3D tissue engineering applications due to their unique tunable interconnected porosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazi Ben Messaoud
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, European Union, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, European Union, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sanja Aveic
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mattis Wachendoerfer
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Horst Fischer
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, European Union, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, European Union, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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59
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Ursini O, Grieco M, Sappino C, Capodilupo AL, Giannitelli SM, Mauri E, Bucciarelli A, Coricciati C, de Turris V, Gigli G, Moroni L, Cortese B. Modulation of Methacrylated Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels Enables Their Use as 3D Cultured Model. Gels 2023; 9:801. [PMID: 37888374 PMCID: PMC10606912 DOI: 10.3390/gels9100801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioengineered hydrogels represent physiologically relevant platforms for cell behaviour studies in the tissue engineering and regenerative medicine fields, as well as in in vitro disease models. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an ideal platform since it is a natural biocompatible polymer that is widely used to study cellular crosstalk, cell adhesion and cell proliferation, and is one of the major components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). We synthesised chemically modified HA with photo-crosslinkable methacrylated groups (HA-MA) in aqueous solutions and in strictly monitored pH and temperature conditions to obtain hydrogels with controlled bulk properties. The physical and chemical properties of the different HA-MA hydrogels were investigated via rheological studies, mechanical testing and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging, which allowed us to determine the optimal biomechanical properties and develop a biocompatible scaffold. The morphological evolution processes and proliferation rates of glioblastoma cells (U251-MG) cultured on HA-MA surfaces were evaluated by comparing 2D structures with 3D structures, showing that the change in dimensionality impacted cell functions and interactions. The cell viability assays and evaluation of mitochondrial metabolism showed that the hydrogels did not interfere with cell survival. In addition, morphological studies provided evidence of cell-matrix interactions that promoted cell budding from the spheroids and the invasiveness in the surrounding environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Ursini
- National Research Council-Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR Nanotec), c/o Edificio Fermi, University Sapienza, Pz.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maddalena Grieco
- National Research Council-Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR Nanotec), c/o Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.G.); (A.L.C.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Carla Sappino
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University Rome, Pz.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Agostina Lina Capodilupo
- National Research Council-Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR Nanotec), c/o Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.G.); (A.L.C.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Sara Maria Giannitelli
- Department of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Emanuele Mauri
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Bucciarelli
- National Research Council-Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR Nanotec), c/o Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.G.); (A.L.C.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Chiara Coricciati
- National Research Council-Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR Nanotec), c/o Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.G.); (A.L.C.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.G.); (L.M.)
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi”, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Valeria de Turris
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro- Science Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- National Research Council-Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR Nanotec), c/o Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.G.); (A.L.C.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.G.); (L.M.)
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi”, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- National Research Council-Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR Nanotec), c/o Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.G.); (A.L.C.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.G.); (L.M.)
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Cortese
- National Research Council-Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR Nanotec), c/o Edificio Fermi, University Sapienza, Pz.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Mastrangelo R, Resta C, Carretti E, Fratini E, Baglioni P. Sponge-like Cryogels from Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation: Structure, Porosity, and Diffusional Gel Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:46428-46439. [PMID: 37515546 PMCID: PMC10561144 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Macroporous gels find application in several scientific fields, ranging from art restoration to wastewater filtration or cell entrapment. In this work, two-component sponge-like cryogels are challenged to assess their cleaning performances and to investigate how pores size and connectivity affect physico-chemical properties. The gels were obtained through a freeze-thaw process, exploiting a spontaneous polymer-polymer phase-separation occurring in the pre-gel solution. During the freezing step, a highly hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol (H-PVA) forms the hydrogel walls. The secondary components, namely a partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol (L-PVA) or polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), act as modular porogens, being partially extracted during gel washing. H-PVA/L-PVA and H-PVA/PVP mixtures were studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy to unveil sols and gels morphology at the micron-scale, while small angle X-ray scattering was used to get insights about characteristic dimensions at the nanoscale. The gelation mechanism was investigated through rheology measurements, and the characteristic exponents were compared to De Gennes' scaling laws gathered from percolation. In the field of art conservation, these sponge-like gels are ideal systems for the cleaning of artistic painted surfaces. Their interconnected pores allow the diffusion of cleaning fluids at the painted interface, facilitating dirt uptake and/or detachment. This study uncovered a direct relationship linking a gel's cleaning performance to its apparent tortuosity. These findings can pave the way to fine-tuning systems with enhanced cleaning abilities, not restricted to the restoration of irreplaceable priceless works of art, but with possible application in diverse research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosangela Mastrangelo
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Claudio Resta
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Emiliano Carretti
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Emiliano Fratini
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Piero Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
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61
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Askari E, Shokrollahi Barough M, Rahmanian M, Mojtabavi N, Sarrami Forooshani R, Seyfoori A, Akbari M. Cancer Immunotherapy Using Bioengineered Micro/Nano Structured Hydrogels. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301174. [PMID: 37612251 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels, a class of materials with a 3D network structure, are widely used in various applications of therapeutic delivery, particularly cancer therapy. Micro and nanogels as miniaturized structures of the bioengineered hydrogels may provide extensive benefits over the common hydrogels in encapsulation and controlled release of small molecular drugs, macromolecular therapeutics, and even cells. Cancer immunotherapy is rapidly developing, and micro/nanostructured hydrogels have gained wide attention regarding their engineered payload release properties that enhance systemic anticancer immunity. Additionally, they are a great candidate due to their local administration properties with a focus on local immune cell manipulation in favor of active and passive immunotherapies. Although applied locally, such micro/nanostructured can also activate systemic antitumor immune responses by releasing nanovaccines safely and effectively inhibiting tumor metastasis and recurrence. However, such hydrogels are mostly used as locally administered carriers to stimulate the immune cells by releasing tumor lysate, drugs, or nanovaccines. In this review, the latest developments in cancer immunotherapy are summarized using micro/nanostructured hydrogels with a particular emphasis on their function depending on the administration route. Moreover, the potential for clinical translation of these hydrogel-based cancer immunotherapies is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esfandyar Askari
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Mahdieh Shokrollahi Barough
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
- ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, 1517964311, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rahmanian
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, 1517964311, Iran
| | - Nazanin Mojtabavi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
| | - Ramin Sarrami Forooshani
- ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, 1517964311, Iran
| | - Amir Seyfoori
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, 1517964311, Iran
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Center for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
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62
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Lee DN, Park JY, Seo YW, Jin X, Hong J, Bhattacharyya A, Noh I, Choi SH. Photo-crosslinked gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel strengthened with calcium phosphate-based nanoparticles for early healing of rabbit calvarial defects. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2023; 53:321-335. [PMID: 36919004 PMCID: PMC10627735 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2203220161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of photo-crosslinked gelatin methacryloyl (GelMa) hydrogel containing calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CNp) when applying different fabrication methods for bone regeneration. METHODS Four circular defects were created in the calvaria of 10 rabbits. Each defect was randomly allocated to the following study groups: 1) the sham control group, 2) the GelMa group (defect filled with crosslinked GelMa hydrogel), 3) the CNp-GelMa group (GelMa hydrogel crosslinked with nanoparticles), and 4) the CNp+GelMa group (crosslinked GelMa loaded with nanoparticles). At 2, 4, and 8 weeks, samples were harvested, and histological and micro-computed tomography analyses were performed. RESULTS Histomorphometric analysis showed that the CNp-GelMa and CNp+GelMa groups at 2 weeks had significantly greater total augmented areas than the control group (P<0.05). The greatest new bone area was observed in the CNp-GelMa group, but without statistical significance (P>0.05). Crosslinked GelMa hydrogel with nanoparticles exhibited good biocompatibility with a minimal inflammatory reaction. CONCLUSIONS There was no difference in the efficacy of bone regeneration according to the synthesized method of photo-crosslinked GelMa hydrogel with nanoparticles. However, these materials could remain within a bone defect up to 2 weeks and showed good biocompatibility with little inflammatory response. Further improvement in mechanical properties and resistance to enzymatic degradation would be needed for the clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Na Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Young Park
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
- Medical & Dental Devices Usability Test Center, Yonsei University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Wook Seo
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Xiang Jin
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongmin Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Amitava Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
- Convergence Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Insup Noh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
- Convergence Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Choi
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
- Medical & Dental Devices Usability Test Center, Yonsei University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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63
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Lukin I, Erezuma I, Garcia-Garcia P, Reyes R, Evora C, Kadumudi FB, Dolatshahi-Pirouz A, Orive G. Sumecton reinforced gelatin-based scaffolds for cell-free bone regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:126023. [PMID: 37506785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering has risen to tackle the challenges of the current clinical need concerning bone fractures that is already considered a healthcare system problem. Scaffold systems for the repair of this tissue have yielded different combinations including biomaterials with nanotechnology or biological agents. Herein, three-dimensional porous hydrogels were engineered based on gelatin as a natural biomaterial and reinforced with synthetic saponite nanoclays. Scaffolds were biocompatible and shown to enhance the inherent properties of pristine ones, in particular, proved to withstand pressures similar to load-bearing tissues. Studies with murine mesenchymal stem cells found that scaffolds had the potential to proliferate and promote cell differentiation. In vivo experiments were conducted to gain insight about the ability of these cell-free scaffolds to regenerate bone, as well as to determine the role that these nanoparticles in the scaffold could play as a drug delivery system. SDF-1 loaded scaffolds showed the highest percentage of bone formation, which was corroborated by osteogenic markers and new blood vessels. Albeit a first attempt in the field of synthetic nanosilicates, these results suggest that the designed constructs may serve as delivery platforms for biomimetic agents to mend bony defects, circumventing high doses of therapeutics and cell-loading systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izeia Lukin
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Itsasne Erezuma
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Patricia Garcia-Garcia
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Ricardo Reyes
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Carmen Evora
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Firoz Babu Kadumudi
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; BTI-Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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64
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Lin MH, Linares I, Ramirez C, Ramirez YC, Sarkar D. Mechanomorphological Guidance of Colloidal Gel Regulates Cell Morphogenesis. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300122. [PMID: 37143285 PMCID: PMC10524704 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microstructural morphology of the extracellular matrix guides the organization of cells in 3D. However, current biomaterials-based matrices cannot provide distinct spatial cues through their microstructural morphology due to design constraints. To address this, colloidal gels are developed as 3D matrices with distinct microstructure by aggregating ionic polyurethane colloids via electrostatic screening. Due to the defined orientation of interconnected particles, positively charged colloids form extended strands resulting in a dense microstructure whereas negatively charged colloids form compact aggregates with localized large voids. Chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and endothelial morphogenesis of human endothelial cells (ECs) are examined in these colloidal gels. MSCs show enhanced chondrogenic response in dense colloidal gel due to their spatial organization achieved by balancing the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions compared to porous gels where cells are mainly clustered. ECs tend to form relatively elongated cellular networks in dense colloidal gel compared to porous gels. Additionally, the role of matrix stiffness and viscoelasticity in the morphogenesis of MSCs and ECs are analyzed with respect to microstructural morphology. Overall, these results demonstrate that colloidal gels can provide spatial cues through their microstructural morphology and in correlation with matrix mechanics for cell morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Hsuan Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Isabelle Linares
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Cesar Ramirez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Yanni Correa Ramirez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Debanjan Sarkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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65
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Eghbali H, Sadeghi M, Noroozi M, Movahedifar F. Vanillin crosslinked 3D porous chitosan hydrogel for biomedicine applications: Preparation and characterization. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 145:106044. [PMID: 37506568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Crosslinked chitosan (CS) is one of the most useable hydrogels in biomedicine and tissue engineering. Unlike most chitosan crosslinkers that are toxic, such as glutaraldehyde, vanillin is a natural, biocompatible, and antimicrobial alternative. The crosslinking of chitosan and vanillin consists of Schiff base bonds between the amines of chitosan and the aldehydes of vanillin, in addition to hydrogen bonds formed across the network. In most studies, the combination of chitosan and vanillin has been investigated in small sizes (micro/nanoscale and biofilms). In this study, a chitosan-vanillin (CV) hydrogel was studied on a macroscale with a three-dimensional porous structure, and it was compared with chitosan crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (CG) on the same scale. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) used to identify the bonds formed and examine the morphology of the hydrogels. The gel content, swelling, porosity, mechanical properties, cell viability (on L929 and mesenchymal cells), and antibacterial activity (against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) of the samples were investigated. The results showed that the CV had both gel content and high porosity (>90%), with an interconnected porous network of uniform pore size. The CV hydrogel exhibited good antibacterial activity and cell viability. In terms of mechanical properties, CV has weaker mechanical properties compared to CG in the dry state, while the mechanical properties of CV have more improved in the swollen state compared to CG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Eghbali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Sadeghi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mojgan Noroozi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Movahedifar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
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66
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Tialiou A, Athab ZH, Woodward RT, Biegler V, Keppler BK, Halbus AF, Reithofer MR, Chin JM. Fabrication of graded porous structure of hydroxypropyl cellulose hydrogels via temperature-induced phase separation. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 315:120984. [PMID: 37230621 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A novel hydroxypropyl cellulose (gHPC) hydrogel with graded porosity has been fabricated, in which pore size, shape, and mechanical properties vary across the material. The graded porosity was achieved by cross-linking different parts of the hydrogel at temperatures below and above 42 °C, which was found to be the temperature of turbidity onset (lower critical solution temperature, LCST) for the HPC and divinylsulfone cross-linker mixture. Scanning electron microscopy imaging revealed a decreasing pore size along the cross-section of the HPC hydrogel from the top to the bottom layer. HPC hydrogels demonstrate graded mechanical properties whereby the top layer, Zone 1, cross-linked below LCST, can be compressed by about 50% before fracture, whereas the middle and bottom layers (Zone 2 and 3, respectively) cross-linked at 42 °C, can withstand 80% compression before failure. This work demonstrates a straightforward, yet novel, concept of exploiting a graded stimulus to incorporate a graded functionality into porous materials that can withstand mechanical stress and minor elastic deformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Tialiou
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria; University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Zahraa H Athab
- University of Babylon, College of Science, Department of Chemistry, Hilla, Iraq; University of Babylon, College of Science, Environmental Research and Studies Center, Hilla, Iraq
| | - Robert T Woodward
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Materials Chemistry and Research, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Biegler
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Materials Chemistry and Research, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria; University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ahmed F Halbus
- University of Babylon, College of Science, Department of Chemistry, Hilla, Iraq
| | - Michael R Reithofer
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Jia Min Chin
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry-Functional Materials, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Xue W, Lee D, Kong Y, Kuss M, Huang Y, Kim T, Chung S, Dudley AT, Ro SH, Duan B. A Facile Strategy for the Fabrication of Cell-laden Porous Alginate Hydrogels Based on Two-phase Aqueous Emulsions. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2023; 33:2214129. [PMID: 38131003 PMCID: PMC10732541 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202214129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Porous alginate hydrogels possess many advantages as cell carriers. However, current pore generation methods require either complex or harsh fabrication processes, toxic components, or extra purification steps, limiting the feasibility and affecting the cellular survival and function. In this study, a simple and cell-friendly approach to generate highly porous cell-laden alginate hydrogels based on two-phase aqueous emulsions is reported. The pre-gel solutions, which contain two immiscible aqueous phases of alginate and caseinate, are crosslinked by calcium ions. The porous structure of the hydrogel construct is formed by subsequently removing the caseinate phase from the ion-crosslinked alginate hydrogel. Those porous alginate hydrogels possess heterogeneous pores around 100 μm and interconnected paths. Human white adipose progenitors (WAPs) encapsulated in these hydrogels self-organize into spheroids and show enhanced viability, proliferation, and adipogenic differentiation, compared to non-porous constructs. As a proof of concept, this porous alginate hydrogel platform is employed to prepare core-shell spheres for coculture of WAPs and colon cancer cells, with WAP clusters distributed around cancer cell aggregates, to investigate cellular crosstalk. This efficacious approach is believed to provide a robust and versatile platform for engineering porous-structured alginate hydrogels for applications as cell carriers and in disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xue
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA.; Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Donghee Lee
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA.; Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Yunfan Kong
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA.; Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA.; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Mitchell Kuss
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA.; Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Ying Huang
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Taesung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and the Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Soonkyu Chung
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Andrew T Dudley
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA.; Department of Genetics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Seung-Hyun Ro
- Department of Biochemistry and the Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Bin Duan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA.; Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA.; Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA.; Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
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Itzhakov R, Eretz-Kdosha N, Silberstein E, Alfer T, Gvirtz R, Fallik E, Ogen-Shtern N, Cohen G, Poverenov E. Oligochitosan and oxidized nucleoside-based bioderived hydrogels for wound healing. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 314:120947. [PMID: 37173046 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report biocompatible hydrogel for wound healing that was prepared using nature-sourced building blocks. For the first time, OCS was employed as a building macromolecule to form bulk hydrogels along with the nature-sourced nucleoside derivative (inosine dialdehyde, IdA) as the cross-linker. A strong correlation was obtained between the mechanical properties and stability of the prepared hydrogels with a cross-linker concentration. The Cryo-SEM images of IdA/OCS hydrogels showed an interconnected spongy-like porous structure. Alexa 555 labeled bovine serum albumin was incorporated into the hydrogels matrix. The release kinetics studies under physiological conditions indicated that cross-linker concentration could also control the release rate. The potential of hydrogels in wound healing applications was tested in vitro and ex vivo on human skin. Topical application of the hydrogel was excellently tolerated by the skin with no impairment of epidermal viability or irritation, determined by MTT and IL-1α assays, respectively. The hydrogels were used to load and deliver epidermal growth factor (EGF), showing an increase in its ameliorating action, effectively enhancing wound closure inflicted by punch biopsy. Furthermore, BrdU incorporation assay performed in both fibroblast and keratinocyte cells revealed an increased proliferation in hydrogel-treated cells and an enhancement of EGF impact in keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Itzhakov
- Agro-Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Center, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Biochemistry, and Food Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Noy Eretz-Kdosha
- The Skin Research Institute, Dead Sea & Arava Science Center, Masada 86910, Israel Eilat Campus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Eilat 8855630, Israel.
| | - Eldad Silberstein
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| | - Topaz Alfer
- The Skin Research Institute, Dead Sea & Arava Science Center, Masada 86910, Israel Eilat Campus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Eilat 8855630, Israel.
| | - Raanan Gvirtz
- The Skin Research Institute, Dead Sea & Arava Science Center, Masada 86910, Israel Eilat Campus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Eilat 8855630, Israel.
| | - Elazar Fallik
- Agro-Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Center, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel.
| | - Navit Ogen-Shtern
- The Skin Research Institute, Dead Sea & Arava Science Center, Masada 86910, Israel Eilat Campus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Eilat 8855630, Israel; Eilat Campus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Eilat, Israel.
| | - Guy Cohen
- The Skin Research Institute, Dead Sea & Arava Science Center, Masada 86910, Israel Eilat Campus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Eilat 8855630, Israel; Eilat Campus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Eilat, Israel.
| | - Elena Poverenov
- Agro-Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Center, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel.
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69
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Patkar SS, Garcia Garcia C, Palmese LL, Kiick KL. Sequence-Encoded Differences in Phase Separation Enable Formation of Resilin-like Polypeptide-Based Microstructured Hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:3729-3741. [PMID: 37525441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Microstructured hydrogels are promising platforms to mimic structural and compositional heterogeneities of the native extracellular matrix (ECM). The current state-of-the-art soft matter patterning techniques for generating ECM mimics can be limited owing to their reliance on specialized equipment and multiple time- and energy-intensive steps. Here, a photocross-linking methodology that traps various morphologies of phase-separated multicomponent formulations of compositionally distinct resilin-like polypeptides (RLPs) is reported. Turbidimetry and quantitative 1H NMR spectroscopy were utilized to investigate the sequence-dependent liquid-liquid phase separation of multicomponent solutions of RLPs. Differences between the intermolecular interactions of two different photocross-linkable RLPs and a phase-separating templating RLP were exploited for producing microstructured hydrogels with tunable control over pore diameters (ranging from 1.5 to 150 μm) and shear storage moduli (ranging from 0.2 to 5 kPa). The culture of human mesenchymal stem cells demonstrated high viability and attachment on microstructured hydrogels, suggesting their potential for developing customizable platforms for regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai S Patkar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Cristobal Garcia Garcia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Luisa L Palmese
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Kristi L Kiick
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19713, United States
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70
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Perez-Estenaga I, Chevalier MT, Peña E, Abizanda G, Alsharabasy AM, Larequi E, Cilla M, Perez MM, Gurtubay J, Garcia-Yebenes Castro M, Prosper F, Pandit A, Pelacho B. A Multimodal Scaffold for SDF1 Delivery Improves Cardiac Function in a Rat Subacute Myocardial Infarct Model. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:50638-50651. [PMID: 37566441 PMCID: PMC10636708 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The efficient delivery of therapeutic growth factors could counteract the adverse prognosis of post-myocardial infarction (post-MI). In this study, a collagen hydrogel that is able to load and appropriately deliver pro-angiogenic stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1) was physically coupled with a compact collagen membrane in order to provide the suture strength required for surgical implantation. This bilayer collagen-on-collagen scaffold (bCS) showed the suitable physicochemical properties that are needed for efficient implantation, and the scaffold was able to deliver therapeutic growth factors after MI. In vitro collagen matrix biodegradation led to a sustained SDF1 release and a lack of cytotoxicity in the relevant cell cultures. In vivo intervention in a rat subacute MI model resulted in the full integration of the scaffold into the heart after implantation and biocompatibility with the tissue, with a prevalence of anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic macrophages, as well as evidence of revascularization and improved cardiac function after 60 days. Moreover, the beneficial effect of the released SDF1 on heart remodeling was confirmed by a significant reduction in cardiac tissue stiffness. Our findings demonstrate that this multimodal scaffold is a desirable matrix that can be used as a drug delivery system and a scaffolding material to promote functional recovery after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo Perez-Estenaga
- Regenerative
Medicine Department, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Merari Tumin Chevalier
- CÚRAM,
SFI Research Center for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Estefania Peña
- Aragon
Institute of Engineering Research, University
of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
- CIBER-BBN—Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería
Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - Gloria Abizanda
- Regenerative
Medicine Department, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31009, Spain
| | - Amir M. Alsharabasy
- CÚRAM,
SFI Research Center for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Eduardo Larequi
- Regenerative
Medicine Department, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Myriam Cilla
- Aragon
Institute of Engineering Research, University
of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
- CIBER-BBN—Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería
Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - Marta M. Perez
- Department
of Anatomy, Embryology and Animal Genetics, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Jon Gurtubay
- Regenerative
Medicine Department, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | | | - Felipe Prosper
- Regenerative
Medicine Department, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31009, Spain
- Department
of Cell Therapy and Hematology, Clínica
Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
- CIBERONC, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Abhay Pandit
- CÚRAM,
SFI Research Center for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Beatriz Pelacho
- Regenerative
Medicine Department, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31009, Spain
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71
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Aldakheel FM, Mohsen D, El Sayed MM, Fagir MH, El Dein DK. Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Loaded in Polysaccharide Hydrogel Applied to Chronic Wound Healing in Mice Models. Gels 2023; 9:646. [PMID: 37623101 PMCID: PMC10454137 DOI: 10.3390/gels9080646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic wounds is increasing owing to the expanding population and the growing number of individuals suffering from diabetes. Such a chronic wound continues to be a significant healthcare burden for diabetic patients because it frequently carries a high chance of limb loss due to amputation and reduces survival as a result. Development of innovative wound dressing materials with the potential to stop bacterial infections and accelerate the process of tissue regeneration is needed to increase the effectiveness of diabetic wound healing. In the current study, a co-polymerization process based on a free radical reaction was used to create a hydrogel of polysaccharides blend graft acrylamide (PsB-g-Am). Starch, chitosan, and alginate make up the polysaccharides blend (PsB). The produced hydrogel's structure was characterized using FTIR spectroscopy. The antibacterial activities of silver nanoparticles synthesized through the green method using garlic bulb (Allium sativum) is reported. The silver nanoparticles' physical characteristics were examined using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy analysis, and UV-visible spectroscopy and they were found to range in size from 50 to 100 nm. The agar well diffusion technique is used to investigate the antibacterial characteristics. Inclusion of silver nanoparticles in the hydrogels demonstrated concentration-dependent antibacterial behavior against Gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus during antimicrobial testing of the hydrogels. When hydrogels were applied to diabetic mice, the system was examined for its healing abilities, and positive therapeutic results were obtained in as little as 14 days. Thus, it can be inferred that graft copolymer of chitosan-AgNPs hydrogels can promote healing in chronic wounds over time and can be utilized as an alternative to conventional therapies for chronic wounds (such as those brought on by diabetes) in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad M. Aldakheel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Dalia Mohsen
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Program, Inaya Medical College, Riyadh 12211, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.F.); (D.K.E.D.)
- Microbiology Department, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Marwa M. El Sayed
- Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Mohammed H. Fagir
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Program, Inaya Medical College, Riyadh 12211, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.F.); (D.K.E.D.)
| | - Dalia K. El Dein
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Program, Inaya Medical College, Riyadh 12211, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.F.); (D.K.E.D.)
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72
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Lavrentev FV, Shilovskikh VV, Alabusheva VS, Yurova VY, Nikitina AA, Ulasevich SA, Skorb EV. Diffusion-Limited Processes in Hydrogels with Chosen Applications from Drug Delivery to Electronic Components. Molecules 2023; 28:5931. [PMID: 37570901 PMCID: PMC10421015 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffusion is one of the key nature processes which plays an important role in respiration, digestion, and nutrient transport in cells. In this regard, the present article aims to review various diffusion approaches used to fabricate different functional materials based on hydrogels, unique examples of materials that control diffusion. They have found applications in fields such as drug encapsulation and delivery, nutrient delivery in agriculture, developing materials for regenerative medicine, and creating stimuli-responsive materials in soft robotics and microrobotics. In addition, mechanisms of release and drug diffusion kinetics as key tools for material design are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipp V. Lavrentev
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.S.A.); (V.Y.Y.); (A.A.N.); (S.A.U.)
| | - Vladimir V. Shilovskikh
- Laboratory of Polymer and Composite Materials “SmartTextiles”, IRC–X-ray Coherent Optics, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia;
| | - Varvara S. Alabusheva
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.S.A.); (V.Y.Y.); (A.A.N.); (S.A.U.)
| | - Veronika Yu. Yurova
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.S.A.); (V.Y.Y.); (A.A.N.); (S.A.U.)
| | - Anna A. Nikitina
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.S.A.); (V.Y.Y.); (A.A.N.); (S.A.U.)
| | - Sviatlana A. Ulasevich
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.S.A.); (V.Y.Y.); (A.A.N.); (S.A.U.)
| | - Ekaterina V. Skorb
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.S.A.); (V.Y.Y.); (A.A.N.); (S.A.U.)
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73
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Ulagesan S, Krishnan S, Nam TJ, Choi YH. The Influence of κ-Carrageenan-R-Phycoerythrin Hydrogel on In Vitro Wound Healing and Biological Function. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12358. [PMID: 37569731 PMCID: PMC10419105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is widely recognized as a critical issue impacting the healthcare sector in numerous countries. The application of wound dressings multiple times in such instances can result in tissue damage, thereby increasing the complexity of wound healing. With the aim of tackling this necessity, in the present study, we have formulated a hydrogel using natural polysaccharide κ-carrageenan and phycobiliprotein R-phycoerythrin from Pyropia yezoensis. The formulated hydrogel κ-Carrageenan-R-Phycoerythrin (κ-CRG-R-PE) was analyzed for its antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The wound healing potential of the κ-CRG-R-PE was evaluated in Hs27 cells by the wound scratch assay method. The hydrogel showed dose-dependent antioxidant activity and significant antimicrobial activity at 100 μg/mL concentration. κ-CRG-R-PE hydrogels promoted more rapid and complete wound closure than κ-Carrageenan (κ-CRG) hydrogel at 24 and 48 h. κ-CRG-R-PE hydrogels also filled the wound within 48 h of incubation, indicating that they positively affect fibroblast migration and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvakumari Ulagesan
- Division of Fisheries Life Sciences, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sathish Krishnan
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Gijang-gun, Busan 46041, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (T.-J.N.)
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Gijang-gun, Busan 46041, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (T.-J.N.)
| | - Youn-Hee Choi
- Division of Fisheries Life Sciences, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea;
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Gijang-gun, Busan 46041, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (T.-J.N.)
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74
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Milivojević M, Popović A, Pajić-Lijaković I, Šoštarić I, Kolašinac S, Stevanović ZD. Alginate Gel-Based Carriers for Encapsulation of Carotenoids: On Challenges and Applications. Gels 2023; 9:620. [PMID: 37623075 PMCID: PMC10454207 DOI: 10.3390/gels9080620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium alginate is one of the most interesting and the most investigated and applied biopolymers due to its advantageous properties. Among them, easy, simple, mild, rapid, non-toxic gelation by divalent cations is the most important. In addition, it is abundant, low-cost, eco-friendly, bio-compatible, bio-adhesive, biodegradable, stable, etc. All those properties were systematically considered within this review. Carotenoids are functional components in the human diet with plenty of health benefits. However, their sensitivity to environmental and process stresses, chemical instability, easy oxidation, low water solubility, and bioavailability limit their food and pharmaceutical applications. Encapsulation may help in overcoming these limitations and within this review, the role of alginate-based encapsulation systems in improving the stability and bioavailability of carotenoids is explored. It may be concluded that all alginate-based systems increase carotenoid stability, but only those of micro- and nano-size, as well as emulsion-based, may improve their low bioaccessibility. In addition, the incorporation of other biopolymers may further improve encapsulation system properties. Furthermore, the main techniques for evaluating the encapsulation are briefly considered. This review critically and profoundly explains the role of alginates in improving the encapsulation process of carotenoids, suggesting the best alternatives for those systems. Moreover, it provides a comprehensive cover of recent advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Milivojević
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Popović
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Pajić-Lijaković
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Šoštarić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stefan Kolašinac
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
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75
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Zhu Y, Zhang M, Sun Q, Wang X, Li X, Li Q. Advanced Mechanical Testing Technologies at the Cellular Level: The Mechanisms and Application in Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3255. [PMID: 37571149 PMCID: PMC10422338 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanics, as a key physical factor which affects cell function and tissue regeneration, is attracting the attention of researchers in the fields of biomaterials, biomechanics, and tissue engineering. The macroscopic mechanical properties of tissue engineering scaffolds have been studied and optimized based on different applications. However, the mechanical properties of the overall scaffold materials are not enough to reveal the mechanical mechanism of the cell-matrix interaction. Hence, the mechanical detection of cell mechanics and cellular-scale microenvironments has become crucial for unraveling the mechanisms which underly cell activities and which are affected by physical factors. This review mainly focuses on the advanced technologies and applications of cell-scale mechanical detection. It summarizes the techniques used in micromechanical performance analysis, including atomic force microscope (AFM), optical tweezer (OT), magnetic tweezer (MT), and traction force microscope (TFM), and analyzes their testing mechanisms. In addition, the application of mechanical testing techniques to cell mechanics and tissue engineering scaffolds, such as hydrogels and porous scaffolds, is summarized and discussed. Finally, it highlights the challenges and prospects of this field. This review is believed to provide valuable insights into micromechanics in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxuan Zhu
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qingqing Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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76
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McMillan A, McMillan N, Gupta N, Kanotra SP, Salem AK. 3D Bioprinting in Otolaryngology: A Review. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2203268. [PMID: 36921327 PMCID: PMC10502192 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of tissue engineering and 3D bioprinting has allowed for increased opportunities to generate musculoskeletal tissue grafts that can enhance functional and aesthetic outcomes in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. Despite literature reporting successes in the fabrication of cartilage and bone scaffolds for applications in the head and neck, the full potential of this technology has yet to be realized. Otolaryngology as a field has always been at the forefront of new advancements and technology and is well poised to spearhead clinical application of these engineered tissues. In this review, current 3D bioprinting methods are described and an overview of potential cell types, bioinks, and bioactive factors available for musculoskeletal engineering using this technology is presented. The otologic, nasal, tracheal, and craniofacial bone applications of 3D bioprinting with a focus on engineered graft implantation in animal models to highlight the status of functional outcomes in vivo; a necessary step to future clinical translation are reviewed. Continued multidisciplinary efforts between material chemistry, biological sciences, and otolaryngologists will play a key role in the translation of engineered, 3D bioprinted constructs for head and neck surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra McMillan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Nadia McMillan
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Nikesh Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Sohit P. Kanotra
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA
| | - Aliasger K. Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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77
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McKenzie T, Ayres N. Synthesis and Applications of Elastomeric Polymerized High Internal Phase Emulsions (PolyHIPEs). ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:20178-20195. [PMID: 37323392 PMCID: PMC10268022 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polymer foams (PFs) are among the most industrially produced polymeric materials, and they are found in applications including aerospace, packaging, textiles, and biomaterials. PFs are predominantly prepared using gas-blowing techniques, but PFs can also be prepared from templating techniques such as polymerized high internal phase emulsions (polyHIPEs). PolyHIPEs have many experimental design variables which control the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of the resulting PFs. Both rigid and elastic polyHIPEs can be prepared, but while elastomeric polyHIPEs are less commonly reported than hard polyHIPEs, elastomeric polyHIPEs are instrumental in the realization of new materials in applications including flexible separation membranes, energy storage in soft robotics, and 3D-printed soft tissue engineering scaffolds. Furthermore, there are few limitations to the types of polymers and polymerization methods that have been used to prepare elastic polyHIPEs due to the wide range of polymerization conditions that are compatible with the polyHIPE method. In this review, an overview of the chemistry used to prepare elastic polyHIPEs from early reports to modern polymerization methods is provided, focusing on the applications that flexible polyHIPEs are used in. The review consists of four sections organized around polymer classes used in the preparation of polyHIPEs: (meth)acrylics and (meth)acrylamides, silicones, polyesters and polyurethanes, and naturally occurring polymers. Within each section, the common properties, current challenges, and an outlook is suggested on where elastomeric polyHIPEs can be expected to continue to make broad, positive impacts on materials and technology for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neil Ayres
- N.A.:
email, ; tel, +01 513 556 9280; fax, +01 513 556 9239
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78
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Li W, Wu Y, Zhang X, Wu T, Huang K, Wang B, Liao J. Self-healing hydrogels for bone defect repair. RSC Adv 2023; 13:16773-16788. [PMID: 37283866 PMCID: PMC10240173 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01700a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe bone defects can be caused by various factors, such as tumor resection, severe trauma, and infection. However, bone regeneration capacity is limited up to a critical-size defect, and further intervention is required. Currently, the most common clinical method to repair bone defects is bone grafting, where autografts are the "gold standard." However, the disadvantages of autografts, including inflammation, secondary trauma and chronic disease, limit their application. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is an attractive strategy for repairing bone defects and has been widely researched. In particular, hydrogels with a three-dimensional network can be used as scaffolds for BTE owing to their hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, and large porosity. Self-healing hydrogels respond rapidly, autonomously, and repeatedly to induced damage and can maintain their original properties (i.e., mechanical properties, fluidity, and biocompatibility) following self-healing. This review focuses on self-healing hydrogels and their applications in bone defect repair. Moreover, we discussed the recent progress in this research field. Despite the significant existing research achievements, there are still challenges that need to be addressed to promote clinical research of self-healing hydrogels in bone defect repair and increase the market penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yanting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Tingkui Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Kangkang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Beiyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Jinfeng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
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79
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Sharma A, Kaur I, Dheer D, Nagpal M, Kumar P, Venkatesh DN, Puri V, Singh I. A propitious role of marine sourced polysaccharides: Drug delivery and biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 308:120448. [PMID: 36813329 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Numerous compounds, with extensive applications in biomedical and biotechnological fields, are present in the oceans, which serve as a prime renewable source of natural substances, further promoting the development of novel medical systems and devices. Polysaccharides are present in the marine ecosystem in abundance, promoting minimal extraction costs, in addition to their solubility in extraction media, and an aqueous solvent, along with their interactions with biological compounds. Certain algae-derived polysaccharides include fucoidan, alginate, and carrageenan, while animal-derived polysaccharides comprise hyaluronan, chitosan and many others. Furthermore, these compounds can be modified to facilitate their processing into multiple shapes and sizes, as well as exhibit response dependence to external conditions like temperature and pH. All these properties have promoted the use of these biomaterials as raw materials for the development of drug delivery carrier systems (hydrogels, particles, capsules). The present review enlightens marine polysaccharides providing its sources, structures, biological properties, and its biomedical applications. In addition to this, their role as nanomaterials is also portrayed by the authors, along with the methods employed to develop them and associated biological and physicochemical properties designed to develop suitable drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya Sharma
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India; University of Glasgow, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 8QQ
| | - Divya Dheer
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Manju Nagpal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - D Nagasamy Venkatesh
- JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vivek Puri
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Inderbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
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80
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Hasatsri S, Suthi J, Siriwut N, Charoensappakit O. Physical Properties and pH Environment of Foam Dressing Containing Eclipta prostrata Leaf Extract and Gelatin. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050685. [PMID: 37242467 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Eclipta prostrata (E. prostrata) has several biological activities, including antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, that improve wound healing. It is well known that physical properties and pH environment are crucial considerations when developing wound dressings containing medicinal plant extracts in order to create an appropriate environment for wound healing. In this study, we prepared a foam dressing containing E. prostrata leaf extract and gelatin. Chemical composition was verified using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and pore structure was obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The physical properties of the dressing, including absorption and dehydration properties, were also evaluated. The chemical properties were measured to determine the pH environment after the dressing was suspended in water. The results revealed that the E. prostrata dressings had a pore structure with an appropriate pore size (313.25 ± 76.51 µm and 383.26 ± 64.45 µm for the E. prostrata A and E. prostrata B dressings, respectively). The E. prostrata B dressings showed a higher percentage of weight increase in the first hour and a faster dehydration rate in the first 4 h. Furthermore, the E. prostrata dressings had a slightly acidic environment (5.28 ± 0.02 and 5.38 ± 0.02 for the E. prostrata A and E. prostrata B dressings at 48 h, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhontha Hasatsri
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani 12000, Thailand
| | - Jariya Suthi
- Sunpasitthiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani 34000, Thailand
| | - Nattaporn Siriwut
- NorthEastern Institute of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand
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81
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Lowen JM, Bond GC, Griffin KH, Shimamoto NK, Thai VL, Leach JK. Multisized Photoannealable Microgels Regulate Cell Spreading, Aggregation, and Macrophage Phenotype through Microporous Void Space. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202239. [PMID: 36719946 PMCID: PMC10198868 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Microgels are an emerging platform for in vitro models and guiding cell fate due to their inherent porosity and tunability. This work describes a light-based technique for rapidly annealing microgels across a range of diameters. Utilizing 8-arm poly(ethylene) glycol-vinyl sulfone, the number of arms available for crosslinking, functionalization, and annealing is stoichiometrically controlled. Small and large microgels are fabricated to explore how microgel diameter impacts void space and the role of porosity on cell spreading, cell aggregation, and macrophage polarization. Mesenchymal stromal cells spread rapidly in both formulations, yet the smaller microgels permit a higher cell density. When seeded with macrophages, the smaller microgels promote an M1 phenotype, while larger microgels promote an M2 phenotype. As another application, the inherent porosity of annealed microgels is leveraged to induce cell aggregation. Finally, the microgels are implanted to examine how different size microgels influence endogenous cell invasion and macrophage polarization. The use of ultraviolet light allows for microgels to be noninvasively injected into a desired mold or wound defect before annealing, and microgels of different properties combined to create a heterogeneous scaffold. This approach is clinically relevant given its tunability and fast annealing time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M. Lowen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616
| | - Gabriella C. Bond
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Katherine H. Griffin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | | | - Victoria L. Thai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616
| | - J. Kent Leach
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616
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82
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Shou Y, Teo XY, Wu KZ, Bai B, Kumar ARK, Low J, Le Z, Tay A. Dynamic Stimulations with Bioengineered Extracellular Matrix-Mimicking Hydrogels for Mechano Cell Reprogramming and Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2300670. [PMID: 37119518 PMCID: PMC10375194 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cells interact with their surrounding environment through a combination of static and dynamic mechanical signals that vary over stimulus types, intensity, space, and time. Compared to static mechanical signals such as stiffness, porosity, and topography, the current understanding on the effects of dynamic mechanical stimulations on cells remains limited, attributing to a lack of access to devices, the complexity of experimental set-up, and data interpretation. Yet, in the pursuit of emerging translational applications (e.g., cell manufacturing for clinical treatment), it is crucial to understand how cells respond to a variety of dynamic forces that are omnipresent in vivo so that they can be exploited to enhance manufacturing and therapeutic outcomes. With a rising appreciation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) as a key regulator of biofunctions, researchers have bioengineered a suite of ECM-mimicking hydrogels, which can be fine-tuned with spatiotemporal mechanical cues to model complex static and dynamic mechanical profiles. This review first discusses how mechanical stimuli may impact different cellular components and the various mechanobiology pathways involved. Then, how hydrogels can be designed to incorporate static and dynamic mechanical parameters to influence cell behaviors are described. The Scopus database is also used to analyze the relative strength in evidence, ranging from strong to weak, based on number of published literatures, associated citations, and treatment significance. Additionally, the impacts of static and dynamic mechanical stimulations on clinically relevant cell types including mesenchymal stem cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells, are evaluated. The aim is to draw attention to the paucity of studies on the effects of dynamic mechanical stimuli on cells, as well as to highlight the potential of using a cocktail of various types and intensities of mechanical stimulations to influence cell fates (similar to the concept of biochemical cocktail to direct cell fate). It is envisioned that this progress report will inspire more exciting translational development of mechanoresponsive hydrogels for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Shou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Xin Yong Teo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Kenny Zhuoran Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Bingyu Bai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Arun R K Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Jessalyn Low
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Zhicheng Le
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Andy Tay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117510, Singapore
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83
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Mukheja Y, Kaur J, Pathania K, Sah SP, Salunke DB, Sangamwar AT, Pawar SV. Recent advances in pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications of lignin-based materials. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124601. [PMID: 37116833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Lignin, a versatile and abundant biomass-derived polymer, possesses a wide array of properties that makes it a promising material for biotechnological applications. Lignin holds immense potential in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical field due to its biocompatibility, high carbon content, low toxicity, ability to be converted into composites, thermal stability, antioxidant, UV-protectant, and antibiotic activity. Notably, lignin is an environmental friendly alternative to synthetic plastic and fossil-based materials because of its inherent biodegradability, safety, and sustainability potential. The most important findings related to the use of lignin and lignin-based materials are reported in this review, providing an overview of the methods and techniques used for their manufacturing and modification. Additionally, it emphasizes on recent research and the current state of applications of lignin-based materials in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields and also highlights the challenges and opportunities that need to be overcome to fully realize the potential of lignin biopolymer. An in-depth discussion of recent developments in lignin-based material applications, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound dressing, pharmaceutical excipients, biosensors, medical devices, and several other biotechnological applications, is provided in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashdeep Mukheja
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Khushboo Pathania
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sangeeta P Sah
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Abhay T Sangamwar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Sandip V Pawar
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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84
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Khandan-Nasab N, Mahdipour E, Askarian S, Kalantari MR, Ramezanian N, Oskuee RK. Design and characterization of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell loaded alginate/pullulan/hyaluronic acid hydrogel scaffold for wound healing applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124556. [PMID: 37088191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Recently, significant attention has been focused on the progression of skin equivalents to facilitate faster wound healing and thereby skin restoration. The main aim of this study was the design and characterization of a novel polysaccharide-based hydrogel scaffold by using alginate, pullulan, and hyaluronic acid polymers to provide an appropriate microenvironment to deliver Adipose-derived mesenchymal Stem Cells (ASC) in order to promote wound healing in an animal model. Characterization of synthesized hydrogel was done by using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), Fourier Transform-Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Also, contact angle analysis, the swelling and mechanical tests were performed. As a result of in vitro studies, cells can be attached, alive, and migrate through the prepared hydrogel scaffold. Finally, the therapeutic effect of the cell-seeded hydrogels was tested in the full-thickness animal wound model. Based on obtained results, the hydrogel-ASC treatment improved the healing process and accelerated wound closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Khandan-Nasab
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elahe Mahdipour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeede Askarian
- Non communicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Kalantari
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Navid Ramezanian
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Kazemi Oskuee
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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85
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Min Jung J, Lip Jung Y, Han Kim S, Sung Lee D, Thambi T. Injectable hydrogel imbibed with camptothecin-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles as an implantable sustained delivery depot for cancer therapy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 636:328-340. [PMID: 36638572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, injectable stimuli-sensitive hydrogels are employed as suitable drug delivery carriers for the release of various anti-cancer drugs. However, large pore size of the microporous hydrogel trigger release of small molecular anticancer drug that limits hydrogel application in cancer therapy. Therefore, introducing reinforcing fillers such as mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) can not only load different type of anticancer drugs but also prevent the premature release of drugs due to the strengthening of the networks. Furthermore, high specific surface area, suitable size, large pore volume, and stable physicochemical properties of MSNs can improve the therapeutic efficacy. In this study, to sustain the release of hydrophobic anticancer drug, camptothecin (CPT) was loaded into MSNs, and then imbibed into the physiological stimuli-sensitive poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(β-aminoester urethane) (PAEU) hydrogels. MSN-imbibed PAEU hydrogels exhibited prolonged release of CPT than MSNs and PAEU hydrogel alone. Furthermore, MSN-imbibed PAEU copolymers form stable viscoelastic gel depot into the subcutaneous layers of Sprague-Dawley rats and found to be safe and not induced toxicity to healthy organs, implying biodegradability and safety of the hydrogels. Interestingly, CPT-loaded hydrogels shown dose-dependent toxicity to A549 and B16F10 cells. These results demonstrated that MSN-imbibed PAEU hydrogel with biocompatible, biodegradable, and in situ gel forming property could be a useful drug delivery depot for sustained release of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Min Jung
- School of Chemical Engineering, Theranostic Macromolecules Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Lip Jung
- School of Chemical Engineering, Theranostic Macromolecules Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Han Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Theranostic Macromolecules Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Sung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Theranostic Macromolecules Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Thavasyappan Thambi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Theranostic Macromolecules Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do 17104, Republic of Korea.
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86
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Caamal-Herrera I, Erreguin-Isaguirre MB, León-Buitimea A, Morones-Ramírez JR. Synthesis and Design of a Synthetic-Living Material Composed of Chitosan, Calendula officinalis Hydroalcoholic Extract, and Yeast with Applications as a Biocatalyst. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:12716-12729. [PMID: 37065078 PMCID: PMC10099135 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Design and development of materials that couple synthetic and living components allow taking advantage of the complexity of biological systems within a controlled environment. However, their design and fabrication represent a challenge for material scientists since it is necessary to synthesize synthetic materials with highly specialized biocompatible and physicochemical properties. The design of synthetic-living materials (vita materials) requires materials capable of hosting cell ingrowth and maintaining cell viability for extended periods. Vita materials offer various advantages, from simplifying product purification steps to controlling cell metabolic activity and improving the resistance of biological systems to external stress factors, translating into reducing bioprocess costs and diversifying their industrial applications. Here, chitosan sponges, functionalized with Calendula officinalis hydroalcoholic extract, were synthesized using the freeze-drying method; they showed small pore sizes (7.58 μm), high porosity (97.95%), high water absorption (1695%), and thermal stability, which allows the material to withstand sterilization conditions. The sponges allowed integration of 58.34% of viable Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, and the cell viability was conserved 12 h post-process (57.14%) under storage conditions [refrigerating temperature (4 °C) and without a nutrient supply]. In addition, the synthesized vita materials conserved their biocatalytic activity after 7 days of the integration process, which was evaluated through glucose consumption and ethanol production. The results in this paper describe the synthesis of complex vita materials and demonstrate that biochemically modified chitosan sponges can be used as a platform material to host living and metabolically active yeast with diverse applications as biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel
O. Caamal-Herrera
- School
of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Nuevo
Leon (UANL), San Nicolas de los
Garza, Nuevo Leon 66455, Mexico
- Applied
Microbiology Department, NanoBiotechnology Research Group, Research
Center on Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, PIIT, Km 10 Autopista al Aeropuerto Mariano
Escobedo, Apodaca, Nuevo
Leon 66629, Mexico
| | - Mariana B. Erreguin-Isaguirre
- School
of Chemical Engineering Pharmaceutics, Technological
University of San Juan del Rio, Av. La Palma No. 125, Col. Vista Hermosa, San Juan del Rio, Queretaro 76800, Mexico
| | - Angel León-Buitimea
- School
of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Nuevo
Leon (UANL), San Nicolas de los
Garza, Nuevo Leon 66455, Mexico
- Applied
Microbiology Department, NanoBiotechnology Research Group, Research
Center on Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, PIIT, Km 10 Autopista al Aeropuerto Mariano
Escobedo, Apodaca, Nuevo
Leon 66629, Mexico
| | - José R. Morones-Ramírez
- School
of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Nuevo
Leon (UANL), San Nicolas de los
Garza, Nuevo Leon 66455, Mexico
- Applied
Microbiology Department, NanoBiotechnology Research Group, Research
Center on Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, PIIT, Km 10 Autopista al Aeropuerto Mariano
Escobedo, Apodaca, Nuevo
Leon 66629, Mexico
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87
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Uslu C, Narin S, Demirsoy Z, Öksüz HB, Gülseren G. Pectin hydrogels crosslinked via peptide nanofibers for designing cell-instructive dynamic microenvironment. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 233:123604. [PMID: 36773861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
As has been reported many times before, the two-dimensional (2D) cell culture techniques used today are far from modeling native tissue environments. Therefore, tremendous amounts of effort were devoted to developing three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures with high tissue resemblance. Whereas, these techniques suffer from elaborate preparation processes, batch-to-batch variations, unnatural components, chemical modifications, side products, static culture conditions, or complex reactor systems. To overcome these limitations, we report an undocumented one-step strategy to create a tissue-like 3D cell culture method by mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment with rapid, non-covalent cross-linking of biopolymer-peptide complex and recently designed non-static cell culturing modules. In the current method, we prepared a very facile and tailorable ECM-like network by using easily attainable building blocks without the need for chemical modifications and possible undesirable/noncontrollable responses resulting from these unnatural modifications. Cells encapsulated in this new biopolymer mesh were located in the swimming culture module to mimic not only the microenvironment but also the non-static physical environment of the ECM. The feasibility of this method was analyzed on a bio-regeneration model; SaOS-2 cells cultured in the current 3D system induced improved osteogenic regeneration. The ECM resemblance of the method was also exhibited by histological sections of the cells incubated in the recent gel formulation. Furthermore, different cell types derived from various tissues could be cultured in our recent ECM model, which could be very practicable for personalized test models for future applications as a replacement for animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemile Uslu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sümeyye Narin
- Department of Bioengineering, Konya Food and Agriculture University, Konya 42080, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Demirsoy
- Department of Biotechnology, Konya Food and Agriculture University, Konya 42080, Turkey
| | - Hasan Basri Öksüz
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Konya Food and Agriculture University, Konya 42080, Turkey
| | - Gülcihan Gülseren
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Konya Food and Agriculture University, Konya 42080, Turkey; Department of Biotechnology, Konya Food and Agriculture University, Konya 42080, Turkey.
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88
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Ma L, Chai C, Wu W, Qi P, Liu X, Hao J. Hydrogels as the plant culture substrates: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 305:120544. [PMID: 36737215 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A class of hydrophilic polymers known as "hydrogels" have extensive water content and three-dimensional crosslinked networks. Since the old period, they have been utilized as plant culture substrates to get around the drawbacks of hydroponics and soil. Numerous hydrogels, particularly polysaccharides with exceptional stability, high clarity, and low cost can be employed as plant substrates. Although numerous novel and functionalized hydrogels might assist in overcoming the drawbacks of conventional media and giving them more functions, the existing hydrogel-based plant growth substrates rarely benefit from the developments of gels in the previous few decades. Prospects include the development of new conduction techniques, the creation of potential new hydrogels, and the functionalization of the hydrogel as plant culture substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Chunxiao Chai
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Wenna Wu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Ping Qi
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Xingcen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, PR China.
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89
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Fan Y, Lüchow M, Badria A, Hutchinson DJ, Malkoch M. Placenta Powder-Infused Thiol-Ene PEG Hydrogels as Potential Tissue Engineering Scaffolds. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1617-1626. [PMID: 36944137 PMCID: PMC10091351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Human placenta is a source of extracellular matrix for tissue engineering. In this study, placenta powder (PP), made from decellularized human placenta, was physically incorporated into synthetic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogels via UV-initiated thiol-ene coupling (TEC). The PP-incorporated PEG hydrogels (MoDPEG+) showed tunable storage moduli ranging from 1080 ± 290 to 51,400 ± 200 Pa. The addition of PP (1, 4, or 8 wt %) within the PEG hydrogels increased the storage moduli, with the 8 wt % PP hydrogels showing the highest storage moduli. PP reduced the swelling ratios compared with the pristine hydrogels (MoDPEG). All hydrogels showed good biocompatibility in vitro toward human skin cells and murine macrophages, with cell viability above 91%. Importantly, cells could adhere and proliferate on MoDPEG+ hydrogels due to the bioactive PP, while MoDPEG hydrogels were bio-inert as cells moved away from the hydrogel or were distributed in a large cluster on the hydrogel surface. To showcase their potential use in application-driven research, the MoDPEG+ hydrogels were straightforwardly (i) 3D printed using the SLA technique and (ii) produced via high-energy visible light (HEV-TEC) to populate damaged soft-tissue or bone cavities. Taking advantage of the bioactivity of PP and the tunable physicochemical properties of the synthetic PEG hydrogels, the presented MoDPEG+ hydrogels show great promise for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmiao Fan
- Division of Coating Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mads Lüchow
- Division of Coating Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adel Badria
- Division of Coating Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel J Hutchinson
- Division of Coating Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Malkoch
- Division of Coating Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
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90
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Dhania S, Bernela M, Rani R, Parsad M, Kumar R, Thakur R. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) in nanoparticulate form improves physical and biological performance of scaffolds. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:123875. [PMID: 36870657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are natural polyesters produced by microorganisms as a source of intracellular energy reserves. Due to their desirable material characteristics, these polymers have been thoroughly investigated for tissue engineering and drug delivery applications. A tissue engineering scaffold serves as a substitute of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) and plays a crucial role in tissue regeneration by providing temporary support for cells during natural ECM formation. In this study, porous, biodegradable scaffolds were prepared using native polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and PHB in nanoparticulate form using salt leaching method, to investigate the differences in the physicochemical properties such as crystallinity, hydrophobicity, surface morphology, roughness, and surface area and biological properties of the prepared scaffolds. As per the BET analysis, PHB nanoparticles-based (PHBN) scaffolds presented a significant difference in the surface area as compare to PHB scaffolds. PHBN scaffolds showed decreased crystallinity and improved mechanical strength as compared to PHB scaffolds. Thermogravimetry analysis shows delayed degradation of PHBN scaffolds. An examination of Vero cell lines' cell viability and adhesion over time revealed enhanced performance of PHBN scaffolds. Our research suggests that scaffold made of PHB nanoparticles could serve as a superior material for tissue engineering applications than its native form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunena Dhania
- Department of Bio & Nanotechnology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Manju Bernela
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Ruma Rani
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Minakshi Parsad
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, LUVAS, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Rajender Kumar
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Rajesh Thakur
- Department of Bio & Nanotechnology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India.
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91
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Lavanya K, Balagangadharan K, Chandran SV, Selvamurugan N. Chitosan-coated and thymol-loaded polymeric semi-interpenetrating hydrogels: An effective platform for bioactive molecule delivery and bone regeneration in vivo. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 146:213305. [PMID: 36709630 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Thymol (2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol; Thy) is a monoterpene phenolic phytocompound with medicinal properties; however, its impact on osteogenesis is yet to be thoroughly investigated. Its distribution is often hampered because of its intricate hydrophobic structure, which reduces its bioavailability. In this study, we synthesized a drug delivery vehicle using semi-interpenetrating polymer network (SIPN) hydrogels containing sodium alginate and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (SA/Pox) loaded with Thy at varying concentrations (100, 150, and 200 μM). Subsequently, they were coated with chitosan (CS) to increase bioactivity and for sustained and prolonged release of Thy. Thy-loaded CS-coated SIPN hydrogels (SA/Pox/CS-Thy) were developed using ionic gelation and polyelectrolyte-complexation techniques. The addition of CS to hydrogels enhanced their physicochemical and material properties. These hydrogels were cytofriendly toward mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs). When mMSCs were cultured on hydrogels, Thy stimulated osteoblastic differentiation, as evidenced by calcium deposits at the cellular level. The expression of RUNX2, a key bone transcriptional factor, and other differentiation biomarkers was significantly enhanced in mMSCs cultured on SA/Pox/CS-Thy hydrogels. Notably, Thy in the SA/Pox/CS hydrogels significantly activated the TGF-β/BMP signaling pathway, which is involved in osteogenesis. A rat tibial bone defect model system revealed that the incorporation of Thy into SA/Pox/CS hydrogels augmented bone regeneration. Thus, sustained and prolonged release of Thy from the SA/Pox/CS hydrogels promoted osteoblast differentiation in vitro and bone formation in vivo. These findings shed light on the effect of Thy bioavailability in fostering osteoblast differentiation and its prospective application in bone rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lavanya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Balagangadharan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Viji Chandran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India..
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92
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Hebisch M, Klostermeier S, Wolf K, Boccaccini AR, Wolf SE, Tanzi RE, Kim DY. The Impact of the Cellular Environment and Aging on Modeling Alzheimer's Disease in 3D Cell Culture Models. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205037. [PMID: 36642841 PMCID: PMC10015857 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Creating a cellular model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that accurately recapitulates disease pathology has been a longstanding challenge. Recent studies showed that human AD neural cells, integrated into three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel matrix, display key features of AD neuropathology. Like in the human brain, the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a critical role in determining the rate of neuropathogenesis in hydrogel-based 3D cellular models. Aging, the greatest risk factor for AD, significantly alters brain ECM properties. Therefore, it is important to understand how age-associated changes in ECM affect accumulation of pathogenic molecules, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in AD patients and in vitro models. In this review, mechanistic hypotheses is presented to address the impact of the ECM properties and their changes with aging on AD and AD-related dementias. Altered ECM characteristics in aged brains, including matrix stiffness, pore size, and composition, will contribute to disease pathogenesis by modulating the accumulation, propagation, and spreading of pathogenic molecules of AD. Emerging hydrogel-based disease models with differing ECM properties provide an exciting opportunity to study the impact of brain ECM aging on AD pathogenesis, providing novel mechanistic insights. Understanding the role of ECM aging in AD pathogenesis should also improve modeling AD in 3D hydrogel systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hebisch
- Genetics and Aging Research UnitMcCance Center for Brain health, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMA02129USA
| | - Stefanie Klostermeier
- Institute of Medical PhysicsFriedrich‐Alexander Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg91052ErlangenGermany
- Max‐Planck‐Zentrum für Physik und Medizin91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Katharina Wolf
- Department of Medicine 1Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute of BiomaterialsDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg91058ErlangenGermany
| | - Stephan E. Wolf
- Institute of Glass and CeramicsDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg91058ErlangenGermany
| | - Rudolph E. Tanzi
- Genetics and Aging Research UnitMcCance Center for Brain health, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMA02129USA
| | - Doo Yeon Kim
- Genetics and Aging Research UnitMcCance Center for Brain health, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMA02129USA
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93
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Prilepskii A, Nikolaev V, Klaving A. Conductive bacterial cellulose: From drug delivery to flexible electronics. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 313:120850. [PMID: 37182950 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a chemically pure, non-toxic, and non-pyrogenic natural polymer with high mechanical strength and a complex fibrillar porous structure. Due to these unique biological and physical properties, BC has been amply used in the food industry and, to a somewhat lesser extent, in medicine and cosmetology. To expand its application the BC structure can be modified. This review presented some recent developments in electrically conductive BC-based composites. The as-synthesized BC is an excellent dielectric. Conductive polymers, graphene oxide, nanoparticles and other materials are used to provide it with conductive properties. Conductive bacterial cellulose (CBC) is currently investigated in numerous areas including electrically conductive scaffolds for tissue regeneration, implantable and wearable biointerfaces, flexible batteries, sensors, EMI shielding composites. However, there are several issues to be addressed before CBC composites can enter the market, namely, composite mechanical strength reduction, porosity decrease, change in chemical characteristics. Some of them can be addressed both at the stage of synthesis, biologically, or by adding (nano)materials with the required properties to the BC structure. We propose several solutions to meet the challenges and suggest some promising BC applications.
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94
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Wierzbicka A, Krakos M, Wilczek P, Bociaga D. A comprehensive review on hydrogel materials in urology: Problems, methods, and new opportunities. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:730-756. [PMID: 36237176 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel materials provide an extremely promising group of materials that can find an increasingly wide range of use in treating urinary system conditions due to their unique properties. The present review describes achievements to date in terms of the use and development prospects of hydrogel materials applications in the treatment and reconstruction of the urinary system organs, which among others include: hydrogel systems of intravesical drug delivery, ureteral stents design, treatment of vesicoureteral reflux, urinary bladder and urethral defects reconstruction, design of modern urinary catheters and also solutions applied in urinary incontinence therapy (Figure 4). In addition, hydrogel materials find increasingly growing applications in the construction of educational simulation models of organs and specific conditions of the urinary system, which enable the education of medical personnel. Numerous research efforts are underway to expand the existing treatment methods and reconstruction of the urinary system based on hydrogel materials. After conducting the further necessary research, many of the innovative solutions developed to date have high application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Wierzbicka
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marek Krakos
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, Hospital of J. Korczak, Lodz, Poland.,Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Wilczek
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Calisia University, Kalisz, Poland.,Heart Prostheses Institute, Prof. Z. Religa Foundation of Cardiac Surgery Development, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Dorota Bociaga
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
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95
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Sedighim S, Chen Y, Xu C, Mohindra R, Liu H, Agrawal DK, Thankam FG. Carboxymethyl cellulose-alginate interpenetrating hydroxy ethyl methacrylate crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol reinforced hybrid hydrogel templates with improved biological performance for cardiac tissue engineering. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:819-835. [PMID: 36412070 PMCID: PMC9931685 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering is an emerging approach for cardiac regeneration utilizing the inherent healing responses elicited by the surviving heart using biomaterial templates. In this study, we aimed to develop hydrogel scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration following myocardial infarction (MI). Two superabsorbent hydrogels, CAHA2A and CAHA2AP, were developed employing interpenetration chemistry. CAHA2A was constituted with alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose, (hydroxyethyl) methacrylate, and acrylic acid, where CAHA2AP was prepared by interpenetrated CAHA2A with polyvinyl alcohol. Both hydrogels displayed superior physiochemical characteristics, as determined by attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy spectral analysis, differential scanning calorimetry measurements, tensile testing, contact angle, water profiling, dye release, and conductivity. In vitro degradation of the hydrogels displayed acceptable weight composure and pH changes. Both hydrogels were hemocompatible, and biocompatible as evidenced by direct contact and MTT assays. The hydrogels promoted anterograde and retrograde migration as determined by the z-stack analysis using H9c2 cells grown with both gels. Additionally, the coculture of the hydrogels with swine epicardial adipose tissue cells and cardiac fibroblasts resulted in synchronous growth without any toxicity. Also, both hydrogels facilitated the production of extracellular matrix by the H9c2 cells. Overall, the findings support an appreciable in vitro performance of both hydrogels for cardiac tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharona Sedighim
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California 91766, USA
| | - Yiqing Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Changlu Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Rohit Mohindra
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California 91766, USA
| | - Huinan Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Devendra K. Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California 91766, USA
| | - Finosh G. Thankam
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California 91766, USA
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96
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Towards using 3D cellular cultures to model the activation and diverse functions of macrophages. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:387-401. [PMID: 36744644 PMCID: PMC9987999 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The advent of 3D cell culture technology promises to enhance understanding of cell biology within tissue microenvironments. Whilst traditional cell culturing methods have been a reliable tool for decades, they inadequately portray the complex environments in which cells inhabit in vivo. The need for better disease models has pushed the development of effective 3D cell models, providing more accurate drug screening assays. There has been great progress in developing 3D tissue models in fields such as cancer research and regenerative medicine, driven by desires to recreate the tumour microenvironment for the discovery of new chemotherapies, or development of artificial tissues or scaffolds for transplantation. Immunology is one field that lacks optimised 3D models and the biology of tissue resident immune cells such as macrophages has yet to be fully explored. This review aims to highlight the benefits of 3D cell culturing for greater understanding of macrophage biology. We review current knowledge of macrophage interactions with their tissue microenvironment and highlight the potential of 3D macrophage models in the development of more effective treatments for disease.
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97
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Fabrication of Silk Hydrogel Scaffolds with Aligned Porous Structures and Tunable Mechanical Properties. Gels 2023; 9:gels9030181. [PMID: 36975630 PMCID: PMC10048404 DOI: 10.3390/gels9030181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of cell culture and tissue regeneration largely depends on the structural and physiochemical characteristics of tissue-engineering scaffolds. Hydrogels are frequently employed in tissue engineering because of their high-water content and strong biocompatibility, making them the ideal scaffold materials for simulating tissue structures and properties. However, hydrogels created using traditional methods have low mechanical strength and a non-porous structure, which severely restrict their application. Herein, we successfully developed silk fibroin glycidyl methacrylate (SF-GMA) hydrogels with oriented porous structures and substantial toughness through directional freezing (DF) and in situ photo-crosslinking (DF-SF-GMA). The oriented porous structures in the DF-SF-GMA hydrogels were induced by directional ice templates and maintained after photo-crosslinking. The mechanical properties, particularly the toughness, of these scaffolds were enhanced compared to the traditional bulk hydrogels. Interestingly, the DF-SF-GMA hydrogels exhibit fast stress relaxation and variable viscoelasticity. The remarkable biocompatibility of the DF-SF-GMA hydrogels was further demonstrated in cell culture. Accordingly, this work reports a method to prepare tough SF hydrogels with aligned porous structures, which can be extensively applied to cell culture and tissue engineering.
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98
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Trombino S, Sole R, Di Gioia ML, Procopio D, Curcio F, Cassano R. Green Chemistry Principles for Nano- and Micro-Sized Hydrogel Synthesis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052107. [PMID: 36903352 PMCID: PMC10004334 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing demand for drug carriers and green-technology-based tissue engineering materials has enabled the fabrication of different types of micro- and nano-assemblies. Hydrogels are a type of material that have been extensively investigated in recent decades. Their physical and chemical properties, such as hydrophilicity, resemblance to living systems, swelling ability and modifiability, make them suitable to be exploited for many pharmaceutical and bioengineering applications. This review deals with a brief account of green-manufactured hydrogels, their characteristics, preparations, importance in the field of green biomedical technology and their future perspectives. Only hydrogels based on biopolymers, and primarily on polysaccharides, are considered. Particular attention is given to the processes of extracting such biopolymers from natural sources and the various emerging problems for their processing, such as solubility. Hydrogels are catalogued according to the main biopolymer on which they are based and, for each type, the chemical reactions and the processes that enable their assembly are identified. The economic and environmental sustainability of these processes are commented on. The possibility of large-scale processing in the production of the investigated hydrogels are framed in the context of an economy aimed at waste reduction and resource recycling.
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99
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Zhang F, Tao H, Gluck JM, Wang L, Daneshmand MA, King MW. A textile-reinforced composite vascular graft that modulates macrophage polarization and enhances endothelial cell migration, adhesion and proliferation in vitro. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:1624-1641. [PMID: 36752696 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01190e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
At the present time, there is no successful off-the-shelf small-caliber vascular graft (<6 mm) for the repair or bypass of the coronary or carotid arteries. In this study, we engineer a textile-reinforced hydrogel vascular graft. The textile fibers are circularly knitted into a flexible yet robust conduit to serve as the backbone of the composite vascular graft and provide the primary mechanical support. It is embedded in the hydrogel matrix which seals the open structure of the knitted reinforcement and mediates cellular response toward a faster reendothelialization. The mechanical properties of the composite vascular graft, including bursting strength, suture retention strength and radial compliance, significantly surpass the requirement for the vascular graft application and can be adjusted by altering the structure of the textile reinforcement. The addition of hydrogel matrix, on the other hand, improves the survival, adhesion and proliferation of endothelial cells in vitro. The composite vascular graft also enhances macrophage activation and upregulates M1 and M2 related gene expression, which further improves the endothelial cell migration that might favor the reendothelialization of the vascular graft. Taken together, the textile-reinforced hydrogel shows it potential to be a promising scaffold material to fabricate a tissue engineered vascular graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
| | - Hui Tao
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jessica M Gluck
- Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Mani A Daneshmand
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Martin W King
- Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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100
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Yu X, Wang L, He W. Cytophilic Agarose-Epoxide-Amine Cryogels Engineered with Granulated Microstructures. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:694-702. [PMID: 36695539 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Inherent cytophobicity of agarose limits its direct use for the growth of anchorage-dependent cells. Here, we report a simple strategy allowing the development of agarose-based hydrogels entailed with both cytophilicity and microstructured morphology. Through the reaction of water-soluble 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE) with trifunctional polyetheramine Jeffamine T403 in agarose solution followed by cryogelation of the mixtures, a series of macroporous agarose-epoxide-amine cryogels were prepared readily. Results from fluorescent labeling and energy-dispersive X-ray elemental mapping showed the formation of granulated microstructures in the cryogels. Such features closely correlated to the phase separation of BDDE-T403 polymers within the agarose matrix. Cytophilicity of the microstructured cryogels due to the integrated amine moieties was demonstrated through the adhesion of fibroblasts. Functional enrichment of the cryogels was further highlighted by leveraging the granulates as micro-reservoirs for polyphenol proanthocyanidin to enable antioxidation and protection of fibroblasts from H2O2-induced cytotoxic effect in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning116024, China.,School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning116024, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning116024, China.,School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning116024, China
| | - Wei He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning116024, China.,School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning116024, China
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