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Hirano M, Saeki K, Ueda I. Development of a social activities scale for community-dwelling older people requiring support. Nurs Open 2020; 7:1887-1895. [PMID: 33072374 PMCID: PMC7544861 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aims to develop the Social Activities Scale for Community‐Dwelling Older People Requiring Support (SASOS). Design This study is a cross‐sectional investigation. Methods The participants were healthy older people (HOP; N = 140) and those requiring support (OPRS; N = 250). An anonymous questionnaire included items on SASOS, subjective health and ikigai (Japanese well‐being concept). Criterion‐related validity was examined using the Social Activity Index for Elderly People (SAI‐E). Results Seventy‐five HOP and 157 OPRS provided effective responses. The scale (α = 0.805) had three subscales: "interactions with friends and neighbors (F1),” "close relationships with family (F2)” and "interactions with others through activity programs (F3).” SASOS and SAI‐E scores were correlated (r = .558, p < .01), indicating criterion‐related validity. In known‐groups validity analysis, F1 were significantly higher among HOP and F3 were significantly higher among OPRS. Total scores correlated with perceived health (r = .240, p < .01) and ikigai (r = .419, p < .01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiyo Hirano
- Faculty of Health Sciences Hokkaido University Hokkaido Japan
| | | | - Izumi Ueda
- School of Health Sciences Sapporo Medical University Hokkaido Japan
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52
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Rantakokko M, Duncan R, Robinson L, Wilkie R. Natural History of Social Participation in the Very Old: Findings from the Newcastle 85+ Study. J Aging Health 2020; 32:1552-1561. [PMID: 32746706 DOI: 10.1177/0898264320944672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To describe the natural history of social participation in people aged 85 years and over. Methods: Prospective cohort study; Newcastle 85+ study. Data were collected at baseline (n = 850) and at 18-, 36- and 60-month follow-ups (n = 344). Participation in 19 social activities (e.g. playing bingo, doing volunteer work and watching television) was measured at each time point. Results: The mean number of activities reported at baseline was 8.7 (SD 2.6). The number of activities was higher in those with higher educational attainment and intact walking ability (both p < .001). Social participation decreased significantly over time (p < .001) and at a similar rate in both sexes and for those with/without limited walking ability but at a higher rate in those with higher than lower educational attainment (p = .019). Discussion: Social participation seems to decrease significantly between ages 85 and 90 years; ways of encouraging social participation in this age group are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merja Rantakokko
- School of Health and Social Studies, 4167JAMK University of Applied Sciences, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Rachel Duncan
- 5983The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Louise Robinson
- Institute of Health and Society, 5994Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ross Wilkie
- Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School for Primary, Community and Social Care, 4212Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
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53
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Schröders J, Dewi FST, Nilsson M, Nichter M, Sebastian MS. Effects of social network diversity in the disablement process: a comparison of causal inference methods and an outcome-wide approach to the Indonesian Family Life Surveys, 2007-2015. Int J Equity Health 2020; 19:128. [PMID: 32736632 PMCID: PMC7393827 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-020-01238-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social networks (SN) have been proven to be instrumental for healthy aging and function as important safety nets, particular for older adults in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite the importance of interpreting health outcomes in terms of SN, in many LMICs - including Indonesia - epidemiological studies and policy responses on the health effects of SN for aging populations are still uncommon. Using outcome-wide multi-method approaches to longitudinal panel data, this study aims to outline more clearly the role of SN diversity in the aging process in Indonesia. We explore whether and to what degree there is an association of SN diversity with adult health outcomes and investigate potential gender differences, heterogeneous treatment effects, and effect gradients along disablement processes. METHODS Data came from the fourth and fifth waves of the Indonesian Family Life Survey fielded in 2007-08 and 2014-15. The analytic sample consisted of 3060 adults aged 50+ years. The primary exposure variable was the diversity of respondents' SN at baseline. This was measured through a social network index (SNI), conjoining information about household size together with a range of social ties with whom respondents had active contact across six different types of role relationships. Guided by the disablement process model, a battery of 19 outcomes (8 pathologies, 5 impairments, 4 functional limitations, 2 disabilities) were included into analyses. Evidence for causal effects of SN diversity on health was evaluated using outcome-wide multivariable regression adjustment (RA), propensity score matching (PSM), and instrumental variable (IV) analyses. RESULTS At baseline, 60% of respondents had a low SNI. Results from the RA and PSM models showed greatest concordance and that among women a diverse SN was positively associated with pulmonary outcomes and upper and lower body functions. Both men and women with a high SNI reported less limitations in performing activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL (IADL) tasks. A high SNI was negatively associated with C-reactive protein levels in women. The IV analyses yielded positive associations with cognitive functions for both men and women. CONCLUSIONS Diverse SN confer a wide range of strong and heterogeneous long-term health effects, particularly for older women. In settings with limited formal welfare protection, intervening in the SN of older adults and safeguarding their access to diverse networks can be an investment in population health, with manifold implications for health and public policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schröders
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Fatwa Sari Tetra Dewi
- Department of Health Behaviour, Environment and Social Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Maria Nilsson
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mark Nichter
- School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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54
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Ukawa S, Tamakoshi A, Okada Y, Ito YM, Taniguchi R, Tani Y, Sasaki Y, Saito J, Haseda M, Kondo N, Kondo K. Social participation patterns and the incidence of functional disability: The Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20:765-772. [PMID: 32608124 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine whether patterns of social participation vary in their associations with functional disability. METHODS Data from 44 978 participants (22 750 men and 22 228 women) who participated in the 2010 Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study were analyzed; a study of those aged ≥65 years from 23 municipalities in eight prefectures. Social participation information was obtained at baseline with an eight-item questionnaire. Incidence of functional disability from 2010 to 2013 was defined as a new certification of eligibility for municipal public long-term care insurance. Social participation patterns were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and participants were classified into quartiles of factor scores of social participation patterns. A competing risk model was used to calculate the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the incidence of functional disability in 3 years of follow-up. RESULTS Two social patterns were identified: sports groups/clubs and hobby groups, and political groups/organizations and industry/trade associations. For both patterns, compared with participants in the lowest quartile, participants in the highest quartile were more likely to be male, college educated, high-income and current drinkers. Both patterns were associated with reduced incidence of functional disability (adjusted hazard ratios for top quartile of sports and hobby pattern: 0.66, 95% confidence interval: 0.59, 0.74; for political and industry/trade pattern: 0.81, 95% confidence interval: 0.72, 0.90; P for trend <0.001 for both). CONCLUSIONS Those whose social participation patterns were characterized by frequent participation in sports groups/clubs and hobby groups or political groups/organizations and industry/trade associations were less likely to develop a functional disability. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 765-772.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigekazu Ukawa
- Osaka City University Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Public Health, Faculty and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yutaka Okada
- School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoichi M Ito
- Clinical Research and Medical Innovation Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Rika Taniguchi
- Osaka City University Faculty of Human Life Science, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukako Tani
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Sasaki
- Department of International Health and Collaboration, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan
| | - Junko Saito
- Behavioral Science Division, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maho Haseda
- Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Kondo
- Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Gerontological Evaluation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
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55
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Li ZH, Chen Q, Byers Kraus V, Shen D, Zhang XR, Zhang PD, Zhong WF, Lv YB, Huang QM, Song WQ, Wang D, Wu XB, Shi XM, Mao C. Leisure activities and disability in activities of daily living among the oldest-old Chinese population: evidence from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:10687-10703. [PMID: 32532929 PMCID: PMC7346052 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: To investigate the independent and joint effects of leisure activities on disability in activities of daily living (ADL) among the oldest-old Chinese population (aged ≥ 80 years). Results: A total of 3696 participants with ADL disability were identified during the median follow-up period of 3.1 years. Compared to the participants who “never” watched TV or listened to the radio and who “never” kept domestic animals or pets, those who engaged in these activities “almost every day” had a significantly lower ADL disability risk (adjusted hazard ratios were 0.74 and 0.66, respectively; both P < 0.001). Furthermore, participants engaging in multiple leisure activities showed a reduced risk of ADL disability (P for trend < 0.001). Conclusions: Frequently watching TV or listening to the radio and keeping domestic animals or pets was associated with a lower risk of ADL disability among the oldest-old Chinese population. Methods: We included 12,331 participants (aged ≥ 80 years) (mean [SD] age: 89.5 [7.0] years) who managed to perform ADL independently at baseline in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey 1998-2014 waves. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine whether leisure activities were associated with ADL disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hao Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Virginia Byers Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Dong Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi-Ru Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pei-Dong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Fang Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue-Bin Lv
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Mei Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-Qi Song
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Health Services Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xian-Bo Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Shi
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Mao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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56
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Agarwal P, Wang Y, Buchman AS, Bennett DA, Morris MC. Dietary Patterns and Self-reported Incident Disability in Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:1331-1337. [PMID: 30247552 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND OR OBJECTIVES Disability in older adults is associated with low quality of life and higher mortality. Diet may be a potentially important public health strategy for disability prevention in aging. We examined the relations of the Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diets to functional disability in the Rush Memory and Aging Project. METHODS A total of 809 participants (mean age = 80.7 ± 7.2 years, 74% female) without functional disability at baseline were followed for an average of 5.3 years. Standardized measures for self-reported disability including, activities of daily living ADL), instrumental ADL, and mobility disability were assessed annually. The diet scores were computed based on a validated food frequency questionnaire administered at baseline. RESULTS In Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking, physical activity, and total calories, the second (hazard ratio = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.60-0.95) and third tertiles (hazard ratio = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.53-0.86) of MIND diet scores had lower rates of ADL disability compared to the lowest tertile (p for trend = .001), whereas only the third tertiles of the Mediterranean (hazard ratio = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.57-0.94) and DASH (hazard ratio = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.59-0.95) diets were significantly associated with ADL disability. Instrumental ADL disability was inversely and linearly associated with the MIND diet score only (p for trend = .04). Mobility disability was associated with the MIND (p for trend = .02), Mediterranean (p for trend = .05) and DASH (p for trend = .02) diet scores. CONCLUSION These findings are encouraging that diet may be an effective strategy for the prevention of functional disability in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Agarwal
- Rush Institute of Healthy Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yamin Wang
- Rush Institute of Healthy Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Aron S Buchman
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Martha C Morris
- Rush Institute of Healthy Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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57
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Xu H, Yang R, Dintica C, Qi X, Song R, Bennett DA, Xu W. Association of lifespan cognitive reserve indicator with the risk of mild cognitive impairment and its progression to dementia. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:873-882. [PMID: 32342664 PMCID: PMC10321560 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association of lifespan cognitive reserve (CR) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains controversial. We aimed to examine the association of lifespan CR indicator with the risk of MCI and its progression to dementia, taking brain pathologies into account. METHODS In a community-based cohort study (mean age, 79 years) with annual follow-up (median, 5.16 years; maximum, 20 years), a cognitively intact group (n = 1182) and an MCI group (n = 420) were identified at baseline. During the follow-up, 611 participants died and underwent autopsies. CR indicator encompassing education, early life to late-life cognitive and social activities were obtained and tertiled. RESULTS The multi-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of MCI was 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58 to 0.90) in the cognitively intact group, and the HR of dementia was 0.66 (95% CI 0.45 to 0.97) in the MCI group for participants with the highest CR indicator (reference: the lowest CR indicator). Among MCI participants with brain pathologies, dementia incidence was about 50% lower in people with the highest CR indicator than the lowest CR indicator. DISCUSSION High lifespan CR indicator reduces risk of MCI, and delays its progression to dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research in Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongrong Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research in Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Christina Dintica
- Dept. of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiuying Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research in Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruixue Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research in Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, 60612
| | - Weili Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research in Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Dept. of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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58
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Zheng Z, Gao J, Yang Y. The Enigma of Gender Differences in an Environment-Behavior-Health Model of Elderly People: The Choice Between Individually and Sociality. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17103483. [PMID: 32429440 PMCID: PMC7277791 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gender difference in the health of elderly people has become an important perspective to consider when studying their health. However, the gender differences in terms of “environment–behavior–health” from the social ecology perspective remain unknown. On the basis of survey data from Shanghai, China, including 2839 samples, this study explored the gender differences of outdoor environment–behavior–activity ability in elderly people from two aspects of the mean value of variables and the path relationship, utilizing the structural equation model analysis method combined with social ecology theory. The results showed that, at the level of the mean of variables, the elderly males had significantly higher mean values than the females in terms of individual behaviors, but had significantly lower values in terms of social behaviors. At the level of path relationships, there were similarities in that the health of elderly males was more likely to be affected by individual factors, whereas that of the females was more effected by social factors. Through the great positive effect of the high-level social behaviors, the health of the elderly females was progressively promoted. The study provided some useful insights for future research, aiming at promoting gender-sensitive urban design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zheng
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China;
| | - Junling Gao
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China;
| | - Ye Yang
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China;
- Correspondence:
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Ohrtman EA, Shapiro GD, Simko LC, Dore E, Slavin MD, Saret C, Amaya F, Lomelin-Gascon J, Ni P, Acton A, Marino M, Kazis LE, Ryan CM, Schneider JC. Social Interactions and Social Activities After Burn Injury: A Life Impact Burn Recovery Evaluation (LIBRE) Study. J Burn Care Res 2020; 39:1022-1028. [PMID: 30016442 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/iry038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Social interactions and activities are key components of social recovery following burn injuries. The objective of this study is to determine the predictors of these areas of social recovery. This study provides a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey of adult burn survivors. The Life Impact Burn Recovery Evaluation-192 was administered to 601 burn survivors for the field-testing of the Life Impact Burn Recovery Evaluation Profile. Survivors aged 18 years and older with injuries ≥5% total BSA or burns to critical areas (hands, feet, face, or genitals) were eligible to participate. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to determine predictors of the Social Activities and Social Interactions scale scores. A total of 599 people completed the Social Interactions and Social Activities scales. Of these, 77% identified as White Non-Hispanic, 55% were female, 55% were unmarried, and 80% had burns to critical areas. Participants had a mean age of 45 years, a mean time since burn injury of 15 years, and a mean burn size of 41% total BSA. Younger age (P < .01) and being married/living with a significant other (P ≤ .01) were associated with higher Social Activities and Social Interactions scale scores. Individual item responses reveal that survivors had lower scores on items related to participating in outdoor activities (30.4%) or feeling uncomfortable with their appearance (32.4% report dressing to avoid stares). Social interactions and activities are long-term challenges for burn survivors. It is important for clinicians to identify patients who may struggle with social recovery in order to focus on future community-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Ohrtman
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gabriel D Shapiro
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laura C Simko
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emily Dore
- Department of Health, Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Massachusetts
| | - Mary D Slavin
- Department of Health, Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Massachusetts
| | - Cayla Saret
- Department of Health, Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Massachusetts
| | - Flor Amaya
- Department of Health, Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Massachusetts
| | - J Lomelin-Gascon
- Department of Health, Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Massachusetts
| | - Pengsheng Ni
- Department of Health, Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Massachusetts
| | - Amy Acton
- Phoenix Society for Burn Survivors, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Molly Marino
- Department of Health, Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Massachusetts
| | - Lewis E Kazis
- Department of Health, Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Massachusetts
| | - Colleen M Ryan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Jeffrey C Schneider
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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60
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Scott RG, Wiener CH, Paulson D. The Benefit of Moderate Alcohol Use on Mood and Functional Ability in Later Life: Due to Beers or Frequent Cheers? THE GERONTOLOGIST 2020; 60:80-88. [PMID: 30358833 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gny129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Evidence relates moderate alcohol consumption in later life to fewer depressive symptoms and greater functional ability. This study evaluated social interaction as a mediator of these outcomes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data included older adults in the Health and Retirement Study. In Study 1, cross-sectional mediation analyses evaluated social interaction as a mechanism through which moderate alcohol use was related to decreased depressive symptomatology (Model 1; N = 2,294) and less functional limitation (Model 2; N = 2,357). In Study 2, longitudinal cross-lagged path analyses further evaluated the impact of moderate alcohol use and social interaction on future depressive symptoms and functional limitation. RESULTS In Study 1, results from Model 1 indicated that moderate alcohol use was associated with decreased depressive symptomatology indirectly via greater social interaction. In Model 2, moderate alcohol use was associated with less functional limitation indirectly via greater social interaction. In Study 2, significant indirect effects corroborated findings from Study 1. In Model 3, moderate alcohol use in 2012 inversely predicted depressive symptomatology in 2014 via greater levels of social interaction in 2012. In Model 4, moderate alcohol use in 2012 predicted less functional limitation in 2014 via greater social interaction in 2012. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Social interaction is essential to the seemingly beneficial effect of moderate alcohol use on depressive symptomatology and functional ability. Clinically, this suggests caution in attributing health benefits to consumption of alcohol itself and identifies social interaction as a treatment target for improved health outcomes in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna G Scott
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando
| | - Chelsea H Wiener
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando
| | - Daniel Paulson
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando
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Wang X, Lu Y, Li C, Larbi A, Feng L, Shen Q, Chong MS, Lim WS, Feng L. Associations of lifestyle activities and a heathy diet with frailty in old age: a community-based study in Singapore. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:288-308. [PMID: 31896738 PMCID: PMC6977658 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Frailty is an age-related state characterized by a reduced physiological reserve, and is associated with adverse health outcomes in the elderly. We analyzed the data from 895 adults aged 60 years and above, and investigated the relationships between midlife and late-life social activities, intellectual activities, working hours, and dietary habits and frailty status. Participation in social or intellectual activities in late life was less prevalent among those who were frail than among those who were robust. A greater proportion of those who were frail had worked long hours in midlife. After adjustment for confounders, participating in social activities or intellectual activities in late life was associated with a reduced risk for prefrailty and frailty, while working long hours in midlife was associated with a higher risk for frailty. The risk of frailty decreased with increasing healthy diet scores in midlife and late life. When the results were stratified by gender, late-life participation in social activities and midlife or late-life participation in intellectual activities correlated negatively with prefrailty/frailty only in women. Our study suggests that social and intellectual activities are inversely associated with frailty status, but the association seems to differ based on gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Chuiyangliu Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yanxia Lu
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry/School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Biology of Ageing Laboratory, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Chunbo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.,Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Anis Larbi
- Biology of Ageing Laboratory, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Liang Feng
- Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Qingfeng Shen
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Xuzhou Oriental people's Hospital, China
| | | | - Wee Shiong Lim
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Healthy Ageing, National University Health System, Singapore
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Sato K, Kondo N, Kondo K. Rotating savings and credit association, its members' diversity, and higher-level functional capacity: A 3-year prospective study from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19:1268-1274. [PMID: 31758643 PMCID: PMC7003940 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aim A rotating savings and credit association – an informal local microfinance group – provides community‐dwelling older adults with cohesive social capital. This study examined whether participation in mujin, a traditional Japanese rotating savings and credit association, affected the maintenance of higher‐level functional capacity in older adults. Methods We studied 10 991 older adults living in 24 municipalities in Japan who were aged ≥65 years, and physically and cognitively independent. We carried out a baseline survey in 2013 and a follow‐up survey in 2016. Higher‐level functional capacity, consisting of instrumental activities of daily living, intellectual activity and social role, was assessed using the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence. To address potential reverse causation, we used stabilized inverse probability weights to balance characteristics at baseline between mujin participants and non‐participants. Results In our analytic sample, 406 out of 10 991 older adults (3.7%) participated in mujin at the baseline. Our weighted logistic regression showed that mujin participants were more likely to maintain higher‐level functional capacity (i.e. full marks in the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence) 3 years later compared with non‐participants (odds ratio 1.75, 95% confidence interval 1.29–2.39). Furthermore, independent social role functioning and intellectual activity were associated with participation in mujin for an equal number of both sexes, as well as people of high social standing. Conclusions The present study suggests that rotating savings and credit associations can help older adults maintain their independence in a higher‐level functional capacity. Furthermore, the members' diversity might add to these beneficial effects. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 1268–1274.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koryu Sato
- Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Kondo
- Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Gerontological Evaluation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
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63
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Ćwirlej-Sozańska A, Wiśniowska-Szurlej A, Wilmowska-Pietruszyńska A, Sozański B. Determinants of ADL and IADL disability in older adults in southeastern Poland. BMC Geriatr 2019; 19:297. [PMID: 31672121 PMCID: PMC6824102 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-019-1319-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The extension of the life span has led to an increase in the number of older people and an increase in the prevalence of disability in people over 60 years of age. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of ADL and IADL disability and to analyze its determinants among people aged 60 and older living in southeastern Poland. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out among a randomly selected, representative population of people aged 60 and older living in southeastern Poland. Disability was assessed using the Katz Index of Independence in Basic Activities of Daily Living and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living. Logistic regression models were used to identify the factors related to ADLs and IADLs. For the variables that were included in the above models, their clustered influence on the increase in the odds ratio for the occurrence of an ADL or IADL limitation was also examined. Results The research results show that 35.75% of the participants reported at least one problem with IADLs. At least one problem with ADLs was reported by 17.13% of the participants. The most significant modifiable factors influencing the occurrence of disability were the presence of barriers in the participant’s environment, poor relations with relatives, a lack of social contacts, multimorbidity and pain. A multiple increase in the odds ratio of disability was found with the presence of pairs of analyzed factors. The highest odds ratio of at least one ADL limitation was observed for the combination of barriers in the participant’s environment with multimorbidity (OR 74.07). With regard to IADL disability, the highest odds ratio was observed for the combination of pain on the VAS scale ≥3 points with older age (OR 19.47). Conclusions The study showed a high prevalence of ADL and IADL disability in older people living in southeastern Poland. It also indicated the extent to which modifiable factors influenced the occurrence of disability and the extent to which the risk of disability increased with the presence of pairs of factors, especially those that included environmental barriers in the participant’s environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bernard Sozański
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
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64
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Residential greenness, activities of daily living, and instrumental activities of daily living: A longitudinal cohort study of older adults in China. Environ Epidemiol 2019; 3:e065. [PMID: 33195964 PMCID: PMC7608893 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: We aimed to explore whether higher levels of residential greenness were related to lower odds of disabilities in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Methods: We included older adults 65 years of age or older from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Our exposure was Normalized Difference Vegetation Index in 500 m radius around residence. Our outcome was ADL and IADL. We used binary logistic regression and mixed-effects logistic regression to estimate the odds of ADL and IADL disabilities. Results: A total of 36,803 and 32,316 participants were included for the analysis of ADL and IADL, with 71.6% free of ADL disability and 47.3% free of IADL disability. In the logistic regression model, compared with the participants living in the lowest quartile of residential greenness, those in the highest quartile had a 28% (odds ratio [OR] = 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.65, 0.79) lower odds of ADL disability and a 14% (OR = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.77, 0.95) lower odds of IADL disability. A similar association was found in the mixed-effects logistic regression models. During the follow-up period, 5,004 and 4,880 healthy participants developed ADL and IADL disabilities. Per 0.1-unit increase in baseline annual average Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was related to an OR of 0.95 of developing ADL disability (95% CI = 0.93, 0.98) and IADL disability (95% CI = 0.91, 0.98). Conclusions: Our study suggests that increasing green space is associated with lower odds of ADL and IADL disabilities, which may reduce caregiver burden of long-term care for Chinese older adults.
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Ye L, Luo J, Shia BC, Fang Y. Heterogeneous health classes for older adults and their regional disparities in China: based on multidimensional health. Public Health 2019; 178:15-22. [PMID: 31605804 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES China is currently facing an unprecedented complex health demand from a rapidly aging population. Based on multidimensional health, this study aimed to identify heterogeneous latent health classes for older Chinese people, and assess regional disparities and associated sociodemographic factors. STUDY DESIGN Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey in 2014 was adopted. METHODS For 2886 participants aged 65 years and more without missing health indicators in physical, psychological, and social dimensions, latent class analysis was used to identify heterogeneous health. For 2128 participants with complete information, logistic regressions were used to examine how regional divisions and sociodemographic factors impact each identified class. RESULTS Four classes were identified and labeled as 'Lacking Socialization' (17.4%), 'High Comorbidity' (13.7%), 'Functional Impairment' (7.1%), and 'Relative Health' (61.8%). When the Relative Health class was the reference, the likelihoods of the High Comorbidity and Functional Impairment classes were higher for older adults in eastern and central regions than in western regions. Those in eastern regions also tended to be in the Lacking Socialization class than in western regions. The effects of regional divisions on the different classes were significantly impacted by sociodemographic characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Four health classes identified by multidimensional health have enhanced our understanding of heterogeneity among older Chinese people. By examining regional disparities in China, our study provided evidence for health policies addressing the issue of aging with respect to regional disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ye
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China; School of Economics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - J Luo
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - B-C Shia
- School of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 10675, Taiwan
| | - Y Fang
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China.
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Xu H, Yang R, Qi X, Dintica C, Song R, Bennett DA, Xu W. Association of Lifespan Cognitive Reserve Indicator With Dementia Risk in the Presence of Brain Pathologies. JAMA Neurol 2019; 76:1184-1191. [PMID: 31302677 PMCID: PMC6628596 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.2455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Evidence on the association of lifespan cognitive reserve (CR) with dementia is limited, and the strength of this association in the presence of brain pathologies is unknown. OBJECTIVE To examine the association of lifespan CR with dementia risk, taking brain pathologies into account. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This study used data from 2022 participants in the Rush Memory and Aging Project, an ongoing community-based cohort study with annual follow-up from 1997 to 2018 (mean follow-up, 6 years; maximum follow-up, 20 years). After excluding 420 individuals who had prevalent dementia, missing data on CR, or dropped out, 1602 dementia-free adults were identified at baseline and evaluated to detect incident dementia. During follow-up, 611 died and underwent autopsies. Data were analyzed from May to September 2018. EXPOSURES Information on CR factors (education; early-life, midlife, and late-life cognitive activities; and social activities in late life) was obtained at baseline. Based on these factors, lifespan CR scores were captured using a latent variable from a structural equation model and was divided into tertiles (lowest, middle, and highest). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Dementia was diagnosed following international criteria. Neuropathologic evaluations for Alzheimer disease and other brain pathologies were performed in autopsied participants. The association of lifespan CR with dementia or brain pathologies was estimated using Cox regression models or logistic regression. RESULTS Of the 1602 included participants, 1216 (75.9%) were women, and the mean (SD) age was 79.6 (7.5) years. During follow-up, 386 participants developed dementia (24.1%), including 357 participants with Alzheimer disease-related dementia (22.3%). The multiadjusted hazards ratios (HRs) of dementia were 0.77 (95% CI, 0.59-0.99) for participants in the middle CR score tertile and 0.61 (95% CI, 0.47-0.81) for those in the highest CR score tertile compared with those in the lowest CR score tertile. In autopsied participants, CR was not associated with most brain pathologies, and the association of CR with dementia remained significant after additional adjustment for brain pathologies (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.42-0.86). The highest CR score tertile was associated with a reduction in dementia risk, even among participants with high Alzheimer disease pathology (HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.37-0.87) and any gross infarcts (HR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.18-0.62). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE High lifespan CR is associated with a reduction in dementia risk, even in the presence of high brain pathologies. Our findings highlight the importance of lifespan CR accumulation in dementia prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongrong Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiuying Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Christina Dintica
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ruixue Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Weili Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Vusirikala A, Ben-Shlomo Y, Kuh D, Stafford M, Cooper R, Morgan GS. Mid-life social participation and physical performance at age 60-64: evidence from the 1946 British Birth Cohort Study. Eur J Public Health 2019; 29:986-992. [PMID: 30726911 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies linking social activity and disability have been limited by focussing on self-reported physical performance in older adults (>65). We examined whether social participation in mid-life is associated with objective and subjective measures of physical performance in older age. METHODS Participants of the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development reported their involvement in social activities at ages 43 and 60-64 years; frequency of such involvement was classified into thirds. Physical performance was measured at age 60-64 using: grip strength; standing balance; chair rises; timed get-up-and-go; self-reported physical function from the Short Form-36. Multivariable regression was used to examine longitudinal associations between social participation and each physical performance measure. We also investigated whether change in social participation between 43 and 60-64 was associated with each outcome. RESULTS In fully adjusted models, higher frequency of social participation at 43 was associated with faster chair rise (1.42 repetitions/min, 95% CI 0.45-2.39) and timed get-up-and-go speed (2.47 cm/s, 95% CI 0.27-4.67) and lower likelihood of self-report limitations (OR of low physical function 0.67, 95% CI 0.50-0.91) at 60-64 compared with low frequency. Better performance in objectively measured outcomes was observed only if higher social participation persisted over time whereas lower odds of self-reported limitations were found in all groups when compared to those with persistently low participation (ORs 0.43-0.56, all P≤0.02). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that associations between higher levels of social participation in mid-life and better physical performance exist only if this social participation persists through to older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vusirikala
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Y Ben-Shlomo
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - D Kuh
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at University College London (UCL), UK
| | - M Stafford
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at University College London (UCL), UK
| | - R Cooper
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at University College London (UCL), UK
| | - G S Morgan
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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68
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de Lima DB, Trapp A, Corrêa MS, Giacobbo BL, de Lima Argimon II, Bromberg E. Episodic memory boosting in older adults: exploring the association of encoding strategies and physical activity. Aging Ment Health 2019; 23:1218-1226. [PMID: 30588835 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2018.1481924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Contextual memory is susceptible to the effects of aging and its impairment compromises episodic memories and quality of life in older adults. Objective: Compare the effects of cognitive support on incidental contextual memory free recall and recognition with a naturalistic experimental paradigm and explore the association of encoding strategies and physical activity on memory improvement. Methods: Subjects (≥60 years, n = 52) were assigned to one of two encoding conditions for the contextual memory task: with or without an incidental associative instruction to encourage association of an item to its spatial context. Immediate free recall and recognition tests were run to assess the encoding instruction efficiency. The association of memory performance and physical activity was analyzed using the scores on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) to subdivide each experimental group into Low IPAQ (below median) and High IPAQ (above median) subgroups. Results: The associative encoding instruction increased contextual memory free recall and recognition, with greater effects on free recall. The most robust associations between physical activity and contextual memory were also seen on free recall, in which higher levels of physical activity corresponded to increased baseline performance (non-associative encoding condition) and greater improvement of memory by the encoding support (associative encoding condition). Conclusion: Cognitive support at encoding can improve contextual memory free recall and recognition, suggesting they are prone to rehabilitation. Moreover, higher physical activity levels were positively associated with encoding strategies on contextual memory improvement, increasing the availability of latent process-based components of the cognitive reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Borba de Lima
- a Neurobiology and Developmental Biology Laboratory , Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil.,b Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology , Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Artur Trapp
- a Neurobiology and Developmental Biology Laboratory , Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Márcio Silveira Corrêa
- a Neurobiology and Developmental Biology Laboratory , Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Bruno Lima Giacobbo
- a Neurobiology and Developmental Biology Laboratory , Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil.,b Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology , Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Irani Iracema de Lima Argimon
- c Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology , Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Elke Bromberg
- a Neurobiology and Developmental Biology Laboratory , Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil.,b Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology , Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil.,c Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology , Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil.,d National Institute of Science and Technology for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM) , Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) , Brasília , Brazil
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69
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Curtis RG, Huxhold O, Windsor TD. Perceived Control and Social Activity in Midlife and Older Age: A Reciprocal Association? Findings From the German Ageing Survey. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2019; 73:807-815. [PMID: 27317692 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbw070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Perceived control may promote social activity in older adults because individuals with greater perceived control have greater confidence in their ability to achieve outcomes and are more likely to choose difficult activities, show persistence, and employ strategies to overcome challenges. Cross-sectional research has linked perceived control with social activity in life span and older adult samples but provides little insight into the direction of influence. We examined reciprocal associations between perceived control and social activity in order to establish temporal sequencing, which is one prerequisite for determining potential causation. Method Participants were 14,126 midlife and older adults from the German Ageing Survey. Using cross-lagged autoregressive modeling with age as the time metric (40-87 years), we examined reciprocal 3-year lagged associations between perceived control and social activity, while controlling for concurrent associations. Results Perceived control significantly predicted social activity 3 years later. Reciprocally, social activity significantly predicted perceived control 3 years later. The influence of perceived control on social activity was greater than the influence of social activity on perceived control. Discussion The finding that perceived control significantly predicts future social activity has potential implications for developing interventions aimed at promoting social activity in midlife and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel G Curtis
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Tim D Windsor
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Theis KA, Murphy LB, Baker NA, Hootman JM. When You Can't Walk a Mile: Walking Limitation Prevalence and Associations Among Middle-Aged and Older US Adults with Arthritis: A Cross-Sectional, Population-Based Study. ACR Open Rheumatol 2019; 1:350-358. [PMID: 31777813 PMCID: PMC6858050 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.11046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined walking limitations and associated characteristics among middle-aged and older US adults with arthritis, overall, and by sex. METHODS Using 2005-2006 Arthritis Conditions and Health Effects Survey (ACHES) data (n = 1793), we estimated "a lot" and "any" ("a lot" or "a little" combined) walking limitation for more than 1 mile (1.6 km) among US adults 45 years or older with arthritis and examined associations (sociodemographics, arthritis symptoms and effects, psychosocial measures, and physical health) with walking limitations in unadjusted and multivariable (MV) adjusted logistic regression models using prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals, accounting for the complex survey design. RESULTS Respondents frequently reported "a lot" (48%) and "any" (72%) limitation for more than 1 mile. Women reported higher prevalence of all levels of walking limitation versus men (eg, 51% vs 42% for "a lot" overall); additionally, the gap for walking limitations between women and men widened with age. Limitation was high for both sexes at all ages, affecting 1-in-3 to 4-in-5, depending on level of walking limitation. The strongest MV associations for "a lot" of walking limitation among all respondents included substantial and modest arthritis-attributable life interference (PR = 2.5 and 1.6, respectively), age 75 years or older (PR = 1.5), and physical inactivity and fair/poor self-rated health (PR = 1.4 for both). CONCLUSION Walking limitations among middle-aged and older adults are substantial. Existing proven interventions that improve walking ability and physical function may help this population to reduce and delay disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. A. Theis
- Centers for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgia
| | - L. B. Murphy
- Centers for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgia
| | | | - J. M. Hootman
- Centers for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgia
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Kong D, Solomon P, Dong X. Depressive Symptoms and Onset of Functional Disability Over 2 Years: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2019; 67:S538-S544. [PMID: 31403199 PMCID: PMC9942515 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.15801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This prospective cohort study examined the relationship between depressive symptoms and onset of functional disability over 2 years among US Chinese older adults, a rapidly growing minority older adult population. DESIGN AND SETTING This study used survey data from 2713 Chinese older adults who completed both baseline (2011-2013) and follow-up (2013-2015) interviews of the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago. Depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline by the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Functional disability was measured by three validated scales, Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (ADLs), the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) scale, and the Rosow and Breslau mobility scale. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to examine the relationship between baseline depressive symptoms and the development of functional disability (ADLs, IADLs, mobility) at 2-year follow-up while adjusting for covariates. RESULTS Of the 2713 participants, 5.2% experienced ADL disability onset, 35.6% experienced IADL disability onset, and 23.3% experienced mobility disability onset over 2 years. After adjusting for covariates, the odds of ADL disability onset (odds ratio [OR] = 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02-1.11), IADL disability onset (OR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.01-1.09), and mobility disability onset (OR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.01-1.09) were consistently higher in US Chinese older adults with higher levels of depressive symptoms than their less-depressed counterparts. Other significant risk factors included older age and more chronic physical conditions. CONCLUSION Study findings underscore a significant relationship between depressive symptoms and onset of functional disability. Screening and, subsequently, treating depressive symptoms have the potential to reduce disability among US Chinese older adults. Culturally relevant depressive symptom screening may help identify Chinese older adults who are at greater risks for the development of functional disability. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:S538-S544, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexia Kong
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Phyllis Solomon
- School of Social Policy and Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - XinQi Dong
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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Behavioural and social sciences to enhance the efficacy of health promotion interventions: redesigning the role of professionals and people. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/bpp.2019.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEvidence on the effectiveness of health promotion interventions is mixed, especially in terms of the magnitude of their impact and long-term adherence. This paper proposes a comprehensive approach informed by behavioural economics of developing behavioural change programmes, which is designed to educate, activate, engage and empower people by taking into consideration individual and social mechanisms. Three applied pilots and their results are presented in order to illustrate the approach using cognitive and social mechanisms to lead to better health outcomes, individually and community-wide. More research is needed to explore levers and barriers for the systemic adoption of this framework in implementing health promotion interventions.
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Saito M, Aida J, Kondo N, Saito J, Kato H, Ota Y, Amemiya A, Kondo K. Reduced long-term care cost by social participation among older Japanese adults: a prospective follow-up study in JAGES. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e024439. [PMID: 30928931 PMCID: PMC6475166 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reducing costs related to functional disabilities and long-term care (LTC) is necessary in ageing societies. We evaluated the differences in the cumulative cost of public LTC insurance (LTCI) services by social participation. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Our baseline survey was conducted in March 2006 among people aged 65 or older who were not eligible for public LTCI benefits and were selected using a complete enumeration in Tokoname City, Japan. We followed up with their LTC services costs over a period of 11 years. Social participation was assessed by the frequency of participation in clubs for hobbies, sports or volunteering. We adopted a classical linear regression analysis and an inverse probability weighting (IPW), with multiple imputation of missing values. PARTICIPANTS Functionally independent 5377 older adults. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES The cumulative cost of public LTCI services for 11 years. RESULTS Even when adjusting for the confounding variables, social participation at the baseline was negatively associated with the cumulative cost of LTCI services. The IPW model showed that in respondents who participated in hobby activities once a week or more, the cumulative cost of LTCI services for 11 years was lower, approximately US$3500 per person, in comparison to non-participants. Similarly, that in respondents who participated in sports group or clubs was lower, approximately US$6000 than non-participants. CONCLUSIONS Older adults' participation in community organisations may help reduce future LTC costs. Promoting participation opportunities in the community could ensure the financial stability of LTCI services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashige Saito
- Faculty of Social Welfare, Nihon Fukushi University, Chita-gun, Aichi, Japan
- Center for Well-being and Society, Nihon Fukushi University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Jun Aida
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Naoki Kondo
- Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, School of Public Health, TheUniversity of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Saito
- Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, School of Public Health, TheUniversity of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kato
- Graduate School of Business Administration, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Airi Amemiya
- Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, School of Public Health, TheUniversity of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Preventive Medical Science, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
- Center for Gerontology and Social Sciences, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
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Does Community-Level Social Capital Predict Decline in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living? A JAGES Prospective Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16050828. [PMID: 30866468 PMCID: PMC6427449 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16050828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) represent the most relevant action capacity in older people with regard to independent living. Previous studies have reported that there are geographical disparities in IADL decline. This study examined the associations between each element of community-level social capital (SC) and IADL disability. This prospective cohort study conducted between 2010 and 2013 by the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) surveyed 30,587 people aged 65 years or older without long-term care requirements in 380 communities throughout Japan. Multilevel logistic-regression analyses were used to determine whether association exists between community-level SC (i.e., civic participation, social cohesion, and reciprocity) and IADL disability, with adjustment for individual-level SC and covariates such as demographic variables, socioeconomic status, health status, and behavior. At three-year follow-up, 2886 respondents (9.4%) had suffered IADL disability. Residents in a community with higher civic participation showed significantly lower IADL disability (odds ratio: 0.90 per 1 standard deviation increase in civic participation score, 95% confidence interval: 0.84⁻0.96) after adjustment for covariates. Two other community-level SC elements showed no significant associations with IADL disability. Our findings suggest that community-based interventions to promote community-level civic participation could help prevent or reduce IADL disability in older people.
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75
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Oshio T, Kan M. Does social participation accelerate psychological adaptation to health shocks? Evidence from a national longitudinal survey in Japan. Qual Life Res 2019; 28:2125-2133. [PMID: 30796592 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-019-02142-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It is well-known that people psychologically adapt to health shocks over time and social participation (SP) has a favourable impact on health. Combining these two understandings, the current study addresses how psychological adaptation to major health shocks was affected by SP experience one year prior to the initial diagnosis. METHODS Data were collected from a twelve-wave nationwide panel survey conducted from 2005 to 2016, starting with 34,240 individuals aged 50-59 years. Individuals who were initially diagnosed with cancer, stroke, heart disease or diabetes at any time between the second and twelfth waves and kept diagnosed as such were focused on. Random-effects models were estimated to examine how baseline SP prior to the diagnosis affected the pace of change in psychological distress, which was measured using Kessler 6 (K6) scores (range 0-24; M 3.3 SD 4.2), following immediate responses to the initial diagnosis. RESULTS Baseline SP enabled or accelerated psychological adaptation to major health shocks. It is noted that the pace of decline of the K6 score per year after the immediate responses was 0.20 for cancer and 0.09 for diabetes (both p < 0.001) among men with baseline SP, in contrast with non-significant and limited changes among those without it. While the results for women were more mixed than those for men, the former results confirmed favourable impacts of baseline SP on psychological adaptation to health shocks in general. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight a favourable impact of SP on psychological adaptation to health shocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Oshio
- Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University, 2-1 Naka, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, 186-8603, Japan.
| | - Mari Kan
- School of Economics, University of Hyogo, 8-2-1 Gakuen-Nishi-machi, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2197, Japan
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76
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Zhao M, Gao J, Li M, Wang K. Relationship Between Loneliness and Frailty Among Older Adults in Nursing Homes: The Mediating Role of Activity Engagement. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2019; 20:759-764. [PMID: 30630725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous literature has reported that loneliness is the strongest predictor of frailty, which is also closely associated with activity engagement. Yet, to date, the path from loneliness to frailty has not been investigated. In this study, we evaluated whether activity engagement mediates the relationship between loneliness and frailty among older adults living in nursing homes. DESIGN We employed the use of a cross-sectional descriptive survey. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Residents (N = 370; aged ≥60 years; 220 female, 150 male) were from 33 nursing homes in China. MEASURES Information was collected regarding loneliness, activity engagement, frailty, sociodemographic characteristics, nursing home characteristics, self-rated health, insomnia, and depression. The mediation analyses, comprising regression and bootstrap analyses, were performed to test both direct and indirect effects of loneliness on frailty (ie, the mediating role of activity engagement). RESULTS The prevalence of frailty was 29.2% among Chinese older adults living in nursing homes. Activity engagement mediated the association between loneliness and frailty [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.011, 0.070]; however, loneliness was not significantly related to frailty when covarying for activity engagement (95% CI = 0.028, 0.190). CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Results suggest that it is not loneliness in general that affects frailty but actively engaging in activities. Therefore, preventing frailty by employing interventions that promote older adults' activity engagement may improve nursing home residents' quality of life. The main implication is that activity engagement should be an effective indicator for care planning and quality evaluation in nursing homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhao
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China.
| | - Kefang Wang
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China.
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77
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Validation of the advanced activities of daily living scale. Geriatr Nurs 2019; 40:7-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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78
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Binder N, Blümle A, Balmford J, Motschall E, Oeller P, Schumacher M. Cohort studies were found to be frequently biased by missing disease information due to death. J Clin Epidemiol 2019; 105:68-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Parisi JM, Roberts L, Szanton SL, Hodgson NA, Gitlin LN. Valued activities among individuals with and without functional impairments: Findings from the National Health and Aging Trends study (NHATS). ACTIVITIES ADAPTATION & AGING 2019; 43:259-275. [PMID: 32362702 DOI: 10.1080/01924788.2018.1521254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Using the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), we examined baseline activity and functional status. Respondents were classified as High (n=1,662), Moderate (n=1,973), or Low (n=989) Function and rated importance of and actual participation in four activities. Transportation and health were also examined. Individuals classified as low function were less likely to engage in valued activities and more likely to report that poor health and transportation limited participation, compared to individuals with no or moderate functional impairments. Data suggest the importance of developing interventions which bridge the gap between activity preferences and participation for older adults with functional limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanine M Parisi
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Center for Innovative Care in Aging
| | - Laken Roberts
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing; Center for Innovative Care in Aging
| | - Sarah L Szanton
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing; Center for Innovative Care in Aging
| | - Nancy A Hodgson
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing;Center for Innovative Care in Aging
| | - Laura N Gitlin
- Drexel University;College of Nursing and Health Professions; Center for Innovative Care in Aging
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80
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Oshio T, Kan M. Preventive impact of social participation on the onset of non-communicable diseases among middle-aged adults: A 10-wave hazards-model analysis in Japan. Prev Med 2019; 118:272-278. [PMID: 30468791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Social participation (SP) is known to have a favorable impact on the health of older adults by reducing the risk of functional disability, psychological distress, cognitive impairment, and mortality. However, the preventive impact of SP on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among middle-aged adults is largely understudied. Using the dataset from a population-based, 10-wave longitudinal survey that started with Japanese adults aged 50-59 years in 2005 (16,290 men and 17,248 women), we estimated Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the preventive impact of SP adjusted for baseline covariates. After controlling for baseline covariates, baseline participation in at least one of six types of SP prevented diabetes both for men (hazard rate [HR] = 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.77, 0.95) and women (HR = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.66, 0.85) and stroke both for men (HR = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.70, 0.99) and women (HR = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.64, 0.97). SP also had a preventive impact on hypertension only for women (HR = 0.91; 95% CI = 0.84, 0.99). SP did not prevent heart disease, hyperlipidemia, or cancer for either gender. We also found that SP tended to have a stronger preventive effect when it was conducted with other persons than done alone, highlighting personal interactions as a key aspect of SP for later health outcomes. Overall, the results showed that SP can prevent the onset of selected NCDs, suggesting that policy measures to encourage SP may be favorable for the health of middle-aged adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Oshio
- Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University, 2-1 Naka, Kunitachi, Tokyo 186-8603, Japan.
| | - Mari Kan
- School of Economics, University of Hyogo, 8-2-1 Gakuen-Nishi-machi, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2197, Japan.
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81
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Tomioka K, Kurumatani N, Saeki K. The differential effects of type and frequency of social participation on IADL declines of older people. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207426. [PMID: 30462711 PMCID: PMC6248949 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although social participation (SP) is valid in active aging, it is vague which types and the frequency of SP are effective in maintaining instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). We conducted a community-based prospective cohort study and investigated the association of the types and frequency for SP with IADL decline in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS The target population were all individuals aged ≥65 living in a commuter town in Nara, Japan. A total of 6,013 participants with independent IADL at baseline were analyzed. IADL was assessed using the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence. Six SP types were assessed: volunteer groups, sports groups, hobby clubs, senior citizens' clubs, neighborhood community associations, and cultural clubs. The frequency of SP was categorized into frequent (i.e., weekly or more), moderate (i.e., monthly or yearly), and non-participation. Using multiple logistic regression models, the odds ratio (OR) and a 95% confidence interval (CI) for IADL decline were calculated. Covariates included age, marital status, education, subjective economic status, work status, body mass index, chronic medical conditions (i.e., hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease), lifestyle factors (i.e., alcohol, smoking, and exercise), self-rated health, depression, and cognitive functioning. To examine gender differences, stratified analyses by gender were performed. RESULTS During the 33-month follow-up, 16.4% of men and 8.7% of women exhibited IADL decline. After adjustment for all covariates, compared to those who never participated, women with moderate participation had significantly lower odds of IADL decline in volunteer groups (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.31-0.88), hobby clubs (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.38-0.79), neighborhood community associations (OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.42-0.81), and cultural clubs (OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.31-0.82), and women with frequent participation had lower odds of IADL decline in hobby clubs (OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.43-0.93). In contrast, among men, the significant association between SP and less risk of IADL decline was limited to moderate participation in neighborhood community associations (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.63-0.99), and there were no differences between frequent participation and non-participation in all types of SP. Regarding volunteer groups, compared to women with frequent participation, women with moderate participation had a significantly lower risk of IADL decline (OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.18-0.77). The results of additional stratified analyses by self-rated health, depression, and cognitive functioning showed that the associations of the type and frequency of SP with IADL decline varied according to physical and mental functioning. CONCLUSIONS Several types of SP have a favorable effect on IADL through moderate participation rather than frequent participation, and women with moderate participation in volunteer groups have a more beneficial effect on IADL than women with frequent participation. When advising community-dwelling older adults on SP for IADL maintenance, health professionals may need to take into account plateau effects, gender differences, and physical and mental functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko Tomioka
- Nara Prefectural Health Research Center, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Norio Kurumatani
- Nara Prefectural Health Research Center, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Keigo Saeki
- Nara Prefectural Health Research Center, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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82
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Makino K, Ihira H, Mizumoto A, Shimizu K, Ishida T, Yamaguchi R, Kihara Y, Ito K, Sasaki T, Furuna T. Structural analysis of impact of physical, cognitive and social status on the incidence of disability in community-dwelling people aged ≥75 years. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18:1614-1619. [PMID: 30311399 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present study aimed to propose a structural model to explain the interaction of physical, cognitive and social domains of health status in the incidence of disability in community-dwelling people aged ≥75 years. METHODS We analyzed 185 older adults (mean age 79.4 years, 58.4% female) who participated in a baseline assessment from 2012 to 2013. They were followed for incident certification of care needs in the national long-term care insurance certification system during the 2 years. Baseline assessments included several measurements related to the physical, cognitive and social domains of health status. We compared the model fit index between two hypothesis models - the parallel model and the hierarchical model - using structural equation modeling. RESULTS During the follow-up period, 15 participants (8.1%) were newly certified as requiring personal support from the long-term care insurance system. The structural equation modeling showed that the hierarchical model, indicating that cognitive and social status were indirectly associated with disability through physical status, had a better fit with the data than the parallel model, indicating that physical, cognitive and social status each were directly associated with disability. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that cognitive and social status might indirectly affect disability incidence through physical aging. Further research is required to examine the temporal relationship between physical, cognitive and social change using data over several time-periods. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1614-1619.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Makino
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Hikaru Ihira
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mizumoto
- Department of Health and Environment, Hiyama Subprefectural Bureau, Hokkaido Government, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Shimizu
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Ishida
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Kihara
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazunari Ito
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Taketo Furuna
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
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83
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Wu CY, Terhorst L, Karp JF, Skidmore ER, Rodakowski J. Trajectory of Disability in Older Adults With Newly Diagnosed Diabetes: Role of Elevated Depressive Symptoms. Diabetes Care 2018; 41:2072-2078. [PMID: 30072401 PMCID: PMC6150429 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined whether the trajectory of disability differed between older adults with and without elevated depressive symptoms before and after the onset of diabetes mellitus (DM) over 10 years (2004-2014) and explored difficulties in basic and instrumental activities of daily living between the two groups. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A generalized linear mixed-model analysis was conducted using five waves (8th-12th) of Health and Retirement Study (HRS) data. We included 419 older adults who self-reported new DM diagnosis within the previous 2 years and used the Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale to measure elevated depressive symptoms. Disability was measured by 10 items defined in the HRS data set. RESULTS The trajectory of disability differed between older adults with and without elevated depressive symptoms after newly diagnosed DM over time. Significant and clinically meaningful between-group differences were found in disability after the onset of DM (waves 10 and 11) but not before the onset of DM (waves 8 and 9). Among older adults with elevated depressive symptoms, disability at pre-DM waves (8 and 9) was significantly less than post-DM waves (10-12). Difficulties with shopping, walking, and dressing were mostly reported by older adults with elevated depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Older adults with newly diagnosed DM and elevated depressive symptoms have a clinically meaningful and faster disablement trajectory than those without elevated depressive symptoms. Future interventions may take an indicated approach to disability prevention in older adults with newly diagnosed DM, especially in those with a change in depression severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yi Wu
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Pittsburgh School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Lauren Terhorst
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Pittsburgh School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA.,Clinical and Translational Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Health and Community Systems, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jordan F Karp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Elizabeth R Skidmore
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Pittsburgh School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA.,Clinical and Translational Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.,Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Juleen Rodakowski
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Pittsburgh School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA.,Clinical and Translational Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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84
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Gao M, Sa Z, Li Y, Zhang W, Tian D, Zhang S, Gu L. Does social participation reduce the risk of functional disability among older adults in China? A survival analysis using the 2005-2011 waves of the CLHLS data. BMC Geriatr 2018; 18:224. [PMID: 30241507 PMCID: PMC6151053 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-018-0903-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing studies in developed countries show that social participation has beneficial effects on the functional ability of older adults, but research on Chinese older people is limited. This study examined the effects of participating in different types of social activities on the onset of functional disability and the underlying behavioral and psychosocial mechanisms among older adults aged 65 and older in China. METHODS The 2005, 2008, and 2011 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Health Longevity Study were used. Life table analysis and discrete time hazard models were adopted to examine the relationship between social participation and functional disability. Social participation was defined as the frequencies of engaging in group leisure-time activities (i.e., playing cards/mahjong) and organized social activities, involving in informal social interactions (i.e., number of siblings frequently visited), and participating in paid jobs. Extensive social participation was measured by a composite index by adding up the four types of social activities that an older person was engaged in. RESULTS After controlling for the effect of socio-demographic characteristics, health status, and health behavioral factors, extensive social participation is associated with a significant reduced risk for the onset of functional disability (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.92, p < 0.001). Different types of social participation affect the risk of functional decline through different mechanisms. Frequent playing of cards/mahjong is a protective factor for functional decline (HR = 0.78, p < 0.001), and the relationship is partially mediated by cognitive ability and positive emotions (accounting for 18.9% and 7.0% of the association, respectively). Frequent participation in organized social activities is significantly related to a reduced risk of functional decline (HR = 0.78, p < 0.001), and the association is mediated by physical exercises and cognitive ability (accounting for 25.7% and 17.7% of the association, respectively). Frequent visits from siblings has a strong inverse relationship with functional decline (HR = 0.75, p < 0.001). However, no significant association between paid job and functional decline is observed. CONCLUSION Extensive social participation, regular engagement in group leisure-time activities, organized social activities, and informal social interactions in particular may have beneficial effects on the functional health of older adults through behavioral and psychosocial pathways. The findings shed light for the importance of promoting social participation among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, China Institute of Health, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Zhihong Sa
- School of Sociology, Beijing Normal University, No.19, Xinjiekou wai Street, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Yanyu Li
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071000 China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, China Institute of Health, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Donghua Tian
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, China Institute of Health, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Shengfa Zhang
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, China Institute of Health, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Linni Gu
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, China Institute of Health, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
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85
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Torres JL, Castro-Costa E, Mambrini JVDM, Peixoto SWV, Diniz BSDO, Oliveira CD, Lima-Costa MF. Depressive symptoms, emotional support and activities of daily living disability onset: 15-year follow-up of the Bambuí (Brazil) Cohort Study of Aging. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2018; 34:e00141917. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00141917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychosocial factors appear to be associated with increased risk of disability in later life. However, there is a lack of evidence based on long-term longitudinal data from Western low-middle income countries. We investigated whether psychosocial factors at baseline predict new-onset disability in long term in a population-based cohort of older Brazilians adults. We used 15-year follow-up data from 1,014 participants aged 60 years and older of the Bambuí (Brazil) Cohort Study of Aging. Limitations on activities of daily living (ADL) were measured annually, comprising 9,252 measures. Psychosocial factors included depressive symptoms, social support and social network. Potential covariates included sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, cognitive function and a physical health score based on 10 self-reported and objectively measured medical conditions. Statistical analysis was based on competitive-risk framework, having death as the competing risk event. Baseline depressive symptoms and emotional support from the closest person were both associated with future ADL disability, independently of potential covariates wide range. The findings showed a clear graded association, in that the risk gradually increased from low emotional support alone (sub-hazard ratio - SHR = 1.11; 95%CI: 1.01; 1.45) to depressive symptoms alone (SHR = 1.52; 95%CI: 1.13; 2.01) and then to both factors combined (SHR = 1.61; 95%CI: 1.18; 2.18). Marital status and social network size were not associated with incident disability. In a population of older Brazilian adults, lower emotional support and depressive symptoms have independent predictive value for subsequent disability in very long term.
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Oliveira JMBD, Vera I, Lucchese R, Silva GC, Tomé EM, Elias RA. Aging, mental health, and suicide. An integrative review. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GERIATRIA E GERONTOLOGIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-22562018021.180014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Objective: this integrative literature review aimed to systematize scientific production regarding the process of aging, mental health, and suicide. Method: the LILACS, MEDLINE, and PubMed databases were used to search for papers published between 2007 and 2017. The final analysis included 34 papers. Result: descriptive North American studies in English were most prevalent. The largest number of papers on the theme was published in 2013. The researchers used questionnaires and interviews as instruments for questions involving aging and suicidal ideation. The papers revealed an association of suicide or suicidal ideation in elderly persons who manifested anxiety, depressive symptoms, depression, physical diseases, low educational and socioeconomic levels, and chronic diseases. Conclusion: this integrative review reinforces the need for investment in public policies and spaces that offer receptiveness, listening, and safety for the aged population, as well as surveys with more robust methodologies to investigate the phenomenon under analysis.
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Otsuka T, Tomata Y, Zhang S, Sugiyama K, Tanji F, Sugawara Y, Tsuji I. Association between social participation and incident risk of functional disability in elderly Japanese: The Ohsaki Cohort 2006. J Psychosom Res 2018; 111:36-41. [PMID: 29935752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although several longitudinal studies have examined the relationship between social participation and incident functional disability, the related mechanisms have remained unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the mechanisms linking social participation to incident functional disability. METHODS We analyzed follow-up data for 11,992 older adults (≥65 years) participating in a community-based, prospective cohort study covering a 9-year period. At the baseline, the subjects were asked about three types of participation in community activities (volunteering, hobbies, and neighborhood associations) and the frequency of their participation. Data on incident functional disability were retrieved from the public Long-term Care Insurance database. The Cox model was used to estimate the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios of incident functional disability. We then conducted mediation analysis to assess the magnitude of the mediating effect. RESULTS Among 84,760 person-years of follow-up, there were 3,984 cases of incident functional disability. The hazard ratio was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.73-0.86) for participating in one type of activity, 0.82 (95% CI: 0.74-0.90) for two types of activity and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.64-0.77) for three types of activity in comparison with no participation in any activity. Among the estimated mediating effects, cognitive activity accounted for 9.3%, time spent walking for 8.3%, psychological state for 4.6%, and social support for 2.8% of the reduced risk of incident functional disability. CONCLUSION The results of this population-based cohort study indicate that cognitive activity and time spent walking are important mechanisms linking social participation to incident functional disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsui Otsuka
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Miyagi Psychiatric Center, Natori, Japan
| | - Yasutake Tomata
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Shu Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kemmyo Sugiyama
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fumiya Tanji
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yumi Sugawara
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tsuji
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Ali T, Nilsson CJ, Weuve J, Rajan KB, Mendes de Leon CF. Effects of social network diversity on mortality, cognition and physical function in the elderly: a longitudinal analysis of the Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP). J Epidemiol Community Health 2018; 72:990-996. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2017-210236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundHaving a larger social network has been shown to have beneficial effects on health and survival in adults, but few studies have evaluated the role of network diversity, in addition to network size. We explore whether social network diversity is associated with mortality, cognition and physical function among older black and white adults.MethodsData are obtained from the Chicago Health and Aging Project, a longitudinal, population-based study of adults aged 65 years and older at baseline. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we estimate the hazard of mortality by network diversity (n=6497). The association between network diversity and cognition (n=6560) and physical function (n=6561) is determined using generalised estimating equations. Models were adjusted for age, gender, race, socioeconomic status, marital status and health-related variables.ResultsIn fully adjusted models, elderly with more diverse social networks had a lower risk of mortality (HR=0.93, p<0.01) compared with elderly with less diverse networks. Increased diversity in social networks was also associated with higher global cognitive function (coefficient=0.11, p<0.001) and higher physical function (coefficient=0.53, p<0.001).ConclusionsSocial networks are particularly important for older adults as they face the greatest threats to health and depend on network relationships, more than younger individuals, to meet their needs. Increasing diversity, and not just increasing size, of social networks may be essential for improving health and survival among older adults.
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89
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Hao X, Gu J, Ying X, Bo T, Fu W. Social support and care needs of the disabled elderly population: An empirical study based on survey data from Beijing, China. Biosci Trends 2018; 11:507-515. [PMID: 29151554 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2017.01234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In order to describe and examine differences in social support and care needs among disabled Chinese elderly, the current study used stratified sampling to survey local residents of Beijing age 60 or over in the districts of Xicheng, Chaoyang, and Tongzhou in 2016. Structured in-person interviews were conducted with a 7-domain questionnaire. Multiple logistic regressions were used to compare social support and care needs among functioning, partially disabled, and completely disabled elderly. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 19.0 with a significance level of 0.05 (two-sided). One thousand and eighty-three residents completed the survey. Based on Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scores, 736 (68.0%) respondents were functioning (ADL score = 14), 167 (15.4%) were partially disabled (14 < ADL score < 22), and 180 (16.6%) were fully disabled (ADL score ≥ 22). Most of the disabled had formal financial support, they received daily care at home, and they received modest emotional support. After controlling for confounding factors, fully disabled respondents were 2.35 times (p = 0.018) more likely to receive financial support and 3.65 times (p = 0.003) more likely to receive emotional support than functioning respondents. However, the fully functioning and partially disabled did not differ significantly in terms of financial or emotional support. Compared to fully functioning respondents, partially disabled respondents were 0.49 (p < 0.001) times less likely to be fully satisfied with their daily care while fully disabled respondents were 0.37 (p < 0.001) times less likely to be fully satisfied with that care. The current study provided a thorough depiction of the current status of social support and care needs of disabled Chinese elderly. More attention should be paid to social support for the partially disabled and daily care for both the partially and fully disabled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Hao
- China National Health Development Research Center, National Health and Family Planning Commission.,School of Public Health, Shandong University
| | - Juan Gu
- School of Public Administration, Chongqing University
| | - Xiangji Ying
- China National Health Development Research Center, National Health and Family Planning Commission
| | - Tao Bo
- College of Politics and Public Administration, Qingdao University
| | - Wei Fu
- China National Health Development Research Center, National Health and Family Planning Commission
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90
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Sone T, Nakaya N, Tomata Y, Hoshi M, Tsuji I. Functional disability among partners and community activity in elderly Japanese: The Ohsaki Cohort 2006 Study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2018; 78:150-154. [PMID: 29960181 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This cross-sectional study aimed to determine association between partners' functional disability and community activity in an elderly Japanese population. METHODS A baseline survey was conducted between December 1 st and December 15th, 2006 and included 6600 participants from whom we collected data regarding their participation in community activity and functional disability among their partners. We defined functional disability as receiving certification for long-term care insurance in Japan, and frequent community activity as engaging in community activity more than once a month. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for frequent community activity based on functional disability among partners. We also conducted additional analyses using three types of community activities (neighborhood associations; sports, exercise, or a hobby; and volunteering for nonprofit organizations) as outcomes. RESULTS Multivariate adjusted analysis showed that the OR (95% CI) for frequent community activity was 0.70 (0.54-0.89, P < 0.01) among those whose partners had functional disabilities, compared with those whose partners did not have functional disabilities. This finding remained true even for different types of community activities such as neighborhood activities, sports, exercises, hobbies, and volunteering for nonprofit organizations. CONCLUSION In this cross-sectional study of an elderly Japanese population, participants whose partners had functional disabilities were less likely to participate in community activity. We conclude that enhancement of support systems is important to promote participation in community activity, not only for patients with disability but their partners as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimasa Sone
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Tohoku Fukushi University, Sendai, Japan; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Naoki Nakaya
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasutake Tomata
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hoshi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Takahata Public Hospital, Takahata, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tsuji
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Zhang C, Zhu R, Lu J, Xue Y, Hou L, Li M, Zheng X, Yang T, Zheng J. Health promoting lifestyles and influencing factors among empty nesters and non-empty nesters in Taiyuan, China: a cross-sectional study. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2018; 16:103. [PMID: 29801495 PMCID: PMC5970479 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-018-0936-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In China, the problems of population aging and empty nesting have become important issues which will affect the social stability and economic development. The aim of this study was to explore the health promoting lifestyles and influencing factors among empty nesters and compare with non-empty nesters to find out their differences, so as to provide a scientific evidence for people to formulate health management strategies for elderly. Methods A cross-sectional survey which used a stratified random cluster sampling method, was conducted among 500 elders in six districts of Taiyuan, China, there were 288 empty nesters and 212 non-empty nesters. The general information and health- promoting lifestyles were investigated by using the self-made General Information Questionnaire and Health Promoting Lifestyle Scale(HPLP). Two-sample t-test and Chi-square test were used to compare the sociodemographic factors, HPLP scores of empty nesters to non-empty nesters; Multiple stepwise linear regression was performed to estimate influencing factors related to the HPLP of empty nesters and non-empty nesters. Results The current findings showed that there were differences between the empty nesters and non-empty nesters in gender, resident, marital status, education and income, self-care ability, source of income, relationship with spouse and social activities (P < 0.05). Empty nesters were mostly male, married, had a higher education level, self-care ability and income and lived in urban compared with non-empty nesters. The health promoting lifestyles of the elderly in this survey were in the medium level, the highest score for all dimensions in both groups was in nutrition, whereas health responsibility was executed worst. The HPLP and six subscales scores of the empty nesters were higher than non-empty nesters, there were significant differences in total score of HPLP, self-realization and health responsibility (P < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed that the main predictive factors for the empty nesters were education, self-care ability and resident, whereas the main predictive factors for the non-empty nesters were parents-child relationship, source of income and age; social activity was the common factor for two group. Conclusion The health promoting lifestyles of the empty nesters was better than that of the non-empty nesters. Health responsibility, interpersonal relations and stress management were key dimensions to be improved. Except social activity, education, self-care ability and resident were the unique influencing factors of health-promoting lifestyles for empty nesters, while the parents-child relationship, income and age were unique factors for non-empty nesters. The main target of Intervention strategy for elderly health promoting lifestyles should be the enhance of health responsibility, interpersonal relations and stress management by improving social activities, parent-child relationship, education and income of elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chichen Zhang
- School of Management, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Ruifang Zhu
- School of Nursing, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiao Lu
- School of Management, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yaqing Xue
- School of Management, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Lihong Hou
- School of Management, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Mimi Li
- School of Management, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- School of Management, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Tingzhong Yang
- Center for Tobacco Control Research, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianzhong Zheng
- School of Management, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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92
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Li C, Jiang S, Li N, Zhang Q. Influence of social participation on life satisfaction and depression among Chinese elderly: Social support as a mediator. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 46:345-355. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1002/jcop.21944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunkai Li
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - Shan Jiang
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - Na Li
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - Qiunv Zhang
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
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93
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Ćwirlej-Sozańska A, Wilmowska-Pietruszyńska A, Sozański B, Wiśniowska-Szurlej A. Analysis of Chronic Illnesses and Disability in a Community-Based Sample of Elderly People in South-Eastern Poland. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:1387-1396. [PMID: 29512628 PMCID: PMC5854107 DOI: 10.12659/msm.904845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proportion of elderly people living in Poland has risen in recent years. With rising life expectancy, there is likely to be a concurrent increase in the incidence of chronic diseases and disabilities. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the prevalence of chronic diseases and disability of the elderly in order to help guide strategies of prevention and public health control. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 1,000 randomly-selected residents living in the Podkarpackie region of Poland. The WHODAS 2.0 questionnaire was used to assess the disability and functioning of the participants across six domains of functioning using the following scores: no disability (0-4%), mild disability (5-24%), moderate disability (25-49%), severe disability (50-95%), and extreme disability (96-100%). RESULTS The presence of at least one chronic disease was identified in 84.1% of participants. The most common diseases were: circulatory diseases (59.10%), spinal pain syndromes (51.50%), degenerative joint diseases (50.30%), and rheumatic diseases (23.90%). Severe or extreme disability was found in 8.46% of patients with circulatory disease, 9.32% of patients with spinal pain syndromes, 9.34% of patients with degenerative joint diseases, and 12.13% of patients with rheumatic diseases. CONCLUSIONS Based on our findings, we recommend an emphasis be placed on early diagnosis of chronic diseases. We also recommend implementing methods of primary and secondary prevention aimed at reducing or eliminating disability resulting from chronic diseases. Our research highlights the need to plan targeted support and prevention programs using strategies that optimize social participation of older people with various chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bernard Sozański
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical Faculty, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
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94
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Shobugawa Y, Fujiwara T, Tashiro A, Saito R, Kondo K. Social participation and risk of influenza infection in older adults: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e016876. [PMID: 29371265 PMCID: PMC5786077 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Influenza infection can cause severe pneumonia, which is sometimes fatal, particularly in older adults. Influenza results in 3-5 million cases of severe illness and about 250 000 to 500 000 deaths annually worldwide. Social participation in the context of influenza infection is controversial because, although social participation is beneficial in maintaining physical function and mental health, it also increases the risk of contact with infected people. This study examined the association between social participation and influenza infection in Japanese adults aged 65 years or older. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Japanese functionally independent adults aged 65 years or older. PARTICIPANTS Among the respondents to the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) 2013 survey, which took place during the period from October to December 2013, 12 231 men and 14 091 women responded to questions on influenza vaccination and influenza infection. OUTCOME MEASURES Using JAGES data for 12 231 men and 14 091 women aged ≥65 years, we examined the association between social participation and influenza infection. The association between influenza infection and number of groups in which respondents participated was investigated among adults aged≥65 years, stratified by vaccination status and sex. RESULTS Unvaccinated women who participated in two or more social activities were 2.20 times (95% CI 1.47 to 3.29) as likely to report an influenza infection as those who reported no social participation. In contrast, vaccinated women who participated in two or more social groups had no additional risk of influenza infection as compared with female elders with no social participation. Among men, participation in social activities was not significantly associated with influenza infection, regardless of vaccination status. CONCLUSIONS Social participation was associated with a higher risk of influenza infection among unvaccinated older women, which suggests a need for further efforts to promote influenza vaccination, particularly among socially active elderly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Shobugawa
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Reiko Saito
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Gerontology and Evaluation Study, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
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95
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Su X, Huang X, Jin Y, Wan S, Han Z. The relationship of individual social activity and cognitive function of community Chinese elderly: a cross-sectional study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:2149-2157. [PMID: 30197518 PMCID: PMC6113942 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s160036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevention of cognitive impairment is a crucial public health issue, and leisure activities have been studied as the strategy of the cognitive preservation. The aim of the study was to explore the possible relationship between social activity and cognitive function among community-dwelling Chinese elderly in two big cities of Southern China. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Altogether, 557 nondemented older adults aged 60 years and older (73.4±6.5 years) were recruited in the social centers in Hong Kong and Guangzhou. A leisure activity questionnaire was used to measure the social activity participation. Cognitive function was examined using a neuropsychological battery. The association between social activity and cognitive function was analyzed using the multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS Social activities had a weak relationship with cognitive performance when measured in terms of overall participation. Attending an interest class had significant association with the Cantonese version of Mini Mental State Examination, the word list learning test, the delayed recall test, and the trail making test. Religious activity showed significant association with the word list learning test and the digit vigilance test. Singing had significant association with the Category Verbal Fluency Test (CVFT) and the trail making test. CONCLUSION Some individual social activity items may be associated with better cognitive function among the community Chinese elderly independently of other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Su
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingbing Huang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Jin
- Faculty of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouwen Wan
- Guangzhou Dr Su Health Industry (Group) Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zili Han
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China,
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96
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Abstract
Resumo O crescente envelhecimento populacional e as transformações socioculturais do nosso tempo conduzem a novas necessidades, não somente de cuidado, mas também para atender a uma nova perspectiva do conceito de saúde, no qual cuidar da doença se tornou ação limitada. Este estudo trata-se de um ensaio baseado na literatura científica e se propõe a pensar sobre uma pequena parte desta grande questão: o apoio social como parte da atenção integral à saúde do idoso. Para isso, realizou-se uma revisão narrativa da literatura nas bases de dados Pub Med/MedLine, Crochane e Scopus, bem como nas listas de referências dos artigos encontrados. Parte-se da compreensão do papel do apoio social e das redes microssociais na saúde do idoso. A seguir, discutimos formas de avaliar o apoio e a rede social e refletimos sobre o papel do apoio social no Sistema Único de Saúde. Por fim, aborda-se o manejo do apoio social. Como considerações finais, são destacados os principais desafios para que o Apoio Social seja realmente considerado um determinante da saúde das pessoas.
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97
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Gattinger H, Senn B, Hantikainen V, Köpke S, Ott S, Leino-Kilpi H. Mobility care in nursing homes: development and psychometric evaluation of the kinaesthetics competence self-evaluation (KCSE) scale. BMC Nurs 2017; 16:67. [PMID: 29200963 PMCID: PMC5697076 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-017-0257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired mobility is a prevalent condition among care-dependent persons living in nursing homes. Therefore, competence development of nursing staff in mobility care is important. This study aimed to develop and initially test the Kinaesthetics Competence Self-Evaluation (KCSE) scale for assessing nursing staff's competence in mobility care. METHODS The KCSE scale was developed based on an analysis of the concept of nurses' competence in kinaesthetics. Kinaesthetics is a training concept that provides theory and practice about movement foundations that comprise activities of daily living. The scale contains 28 items and four subscales (attitude, dynamic state, knowledge and skills). Content validity was assessed by determining the content validity index within two expert panels. Internal consistency and construct validity were tested within a cross-sectional study in three nursing homes in the German-speaking region of Switzerland between September and November 2015. RESULTS The content validity index for the entire scale was good (0.93). Based on a sample of nursing staff (n = 180) the internal consistency results were good for the whole scale (Cronbach's alpha = 0.91) and for the subscales knowledge and skills (α = 0.91, 0.86), acceptable for the subscale attitude (α = 0.63) and weak for the subscale dynamic state (α = 0.54). Most items showed acceptable inter-item and item-total correlations. Based on the exploratory factor analysis, four factors explaining 52% of the variance were extracted. CONCLUSION The newly developed KCSE scale is a promising instrument for measuring nursing staff's attitude, dynamic state, knowledge, and skills in mobility care based on kinaesthetics. Despite the need for further psychometric evaluation, the KCSE scale can be used in clinical practice to evaluate competence in mobility care based on kinaesthetics and to identify educational needs for nursing staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidrun Gattinger
- Finnish Doctoral Programme in Nursing Science, Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Applied Nursing Sciences, University of Applied Sciences FHS St. Gallen, Rosenbergstrasse 59, Postfach, 9001 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Beate Senn
- Institute of Applied Nursing Sciences, University of Applied Sciences FHS St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Research Affiliate Sydney Nursing School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Virpi Hantikainen
- Adjunct Professor Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Research Affiliate Institute of Applied Nursing Sciences, University of Applied Sciences FHS St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Sascha Köpke
- Institute for Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Nursing Research Unit, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stefan Ott
- University of Applied Sciences FHS St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Helena Leino-Kilpi
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Tomioka K, Kurumatani N, Hosoi H. Beneficial effects of working later in life on the health of community-dwelling older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 18:308-314. [PMID: 29094489 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM Evidence regarding the health effects of working lack coherence. This study seeks to determine if continuing to work into older age benefits or damages one's health. METHODS Baseline questionnaires were mailed to 15 058 individuals aged ≥65 years living in two municipalities in Nara Prefecture, Japan. Of these, 11 183 were returned. Analyses were limited to those who maintained each health index at baseline. We followed the participants for 3 years, and examined three health outcomes: long-term care need, cognitive decline and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) decline. Participants were divided into four groups according to their baseline working status and follow-up status: non-working, retired, initiating work and continuing to work. RESULTS After covariate adjustments, older men who initiated work had a decreased likelihood for long-term care (odds ratio [OR] 0.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.17-0.98) and IADL decline (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.23-0.84), older men who continued working prevented the onset of long-term care (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.09-0.54) and cognitive decline (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.50-0.96), older women who initiated working were less likely to require long-term care (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.09-0.66) and IADL decline (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.16-0.88), and older women who continued working had a significantly lower risk of IADL decline (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.16-0.99), compared with the non-working group. Retirees did not differ from the non-working group in any of the health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Although beneficial effects vary by sex and type of health outcomes, the present findings suggest that policies encouraging older people to participate in the workforce contribute to extending healthy life expectancy. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 308-314.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko Tomioka
- Nara Prefectural Health Research Center, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Norio Kurumatani
- Nara Prefectural Health Research Center, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hosoi
- Nara Prefectural Health Research Center, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
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99
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de Brito TRP, Nunes DP, Corona LP, da Silva Alexandre T, de Oliveira Duarte YA. Low supply of social support as risk factor for mortality in the older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2017; 73:77-81. [PMID: 28783514 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the relationship between social support and mortality in older adults, independent of other health conditions. METHOD This was a longitudinal study using the database of the 2006 SABE Study (Heath, Well-being and Aging), composed of 1413 individuals aged 60 years and over, living in São Paulo/Brazil. The present study used a questionnaire constructed for the SABE Study, which was reviewed by experts of Latin America and the Caribbean. The social network was evaluated using the variables: social support received; social support offered; number of members in the social network. The covariates included were age, gender, living arrangements, marital status, income, education, comorbidity, depressive symptoms, cognition and functional difficulties. Death as an outcome was evaluated after four years of follow-up. RESULTS From a total of 1413 older adults at baseline, 268 died in a mean follow-up period of 3,9 years (SE=0,03). In the model adjusted offering social support and having networks composed of 9 or more members reduced the risk of death in the older adults. CONCLUSIONS This study suggest that older adult who are offered support can benefit from mutual exchanges since reciprocity in relationships improves psychological well-being and is indicative of the quality of relationships. Thus, the older adults are part of a group of people whose role is not only to receive, but also to provide help to others, and the support offered seems to be as important as that received.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniella Pires Nunes
- Department of Nursing, Federal University of Tocantins, Quadra 109 Norte, Avenida NS-15, ALCNO-14, Plano Diretor Norte, Palmas 77001-090, Brazil.
| | - Ligiana Pires Corona
- University of Campinas, R. Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, Caixa Postal 1068, Limeira, SP, CEP 13484-350, Brazil.
| | - Tiago da Silva Alexandre
- Departament of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís. km 235, SP-310, São Carlos, SP, CEP 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Yeda Aparecida de Oliveira Duarte
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 419 - 05403-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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100
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Curtis RG, Windsor TD, Luszcz MA. Perceived Control Moderates the Effects of Functional Limitation on Older Adults' Social Activity: Findings From the Australian Longitudinal Study of Ageing. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2017; 72:571-581. [PMID: 26424833 PMCID: PMC5926994 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbv088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Research has shown that functional limitation is related to reduced social activity in older adults; however, individuals with high perceived control have greater confidence in their ability to achieve outcomes and are more likely to show persistence and employ strategies to overcome challenges. The aim of this study was to examine whether perceived control protects against the negative effects of functional limitation on older adults' social activity. METHOD Participants were 835 older adults aged 69 to 103 years at baseline from the Australian Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Multilevel modeling was used to examine baseline and within-person change in functional limitation and perceived control as predictors of 18-year trajectories of social activity. RESULTS An interaction between baseline functional limitation and perceived control indicated that having greater functional limitation was associated with less social activity and greater decline over time for those with lower perceived control, but not for those with higher control. Within-person change in functional limitation was not reliably associated with social activity. DISCUSSION This study highlights the importance of perceived control as a protective psychological resource and may have implications for developing interventions aimed at enabling older adults to maintain their social activity as they experience functional decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel G Curtis
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tim D Windsor
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mary A Luszcz
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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