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Occurrence of Polyamines in Foods and the Influence of Cooking Processes. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081752. [PMID: 34441529 PMCID: PMC8392025 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary polyamines are involved in different aspects of human health and play an important role in the prevention of certain chronic conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Different polyamines can be found in all foods in variable amounts. Moreover, several culinary practices have been reported to modify the content and profile of these bioactive compounds in food although experimental data are still scarce and even contradictory. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of polyamines in a large range of foods and to assess the effect of different cooking processes on the polyamine content of a few of them. The highest level of polyamines was found in wheat germ (440.6 mg/kg). Among foods of a plant origin, high levels of total polyamines over 90 mg/kg were determined in mushrooms, green peppers, peas, citrus fruit, broad beans and tempeh with spermidine being predominant (ranging from 54 to 109 mg/kg). In foods of an animal origin, the highest levels of polyamines, above all putrescine (42-130 mg/kg), were found in raw milk, hard and blue cheeses and in dry-fermented sausages. Regarding the influence of different domestic cooking processes, polyamine levels in food were reduced by up to 64% by boiling and grilling but remained practically unmodified by microwave and sous-vide cooking.
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Sagar NA, Tarafdar S, Agarwal S, Tarafdar A, Sharma S. Polyamines: Functions, Metabolism, and Role in Human Disease Management. Med Sci (Basel) 2021; 9:44. [PMID: 34207607 PMCID: PMC8293435 DOI: 10.3390/medsci9020044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Putrescine, spermine, and spermidine are the important polyamines (PAs), found in all living organisms. PAs are formed by the decarboxylation of amino acids, and they facilitate cell growth and development via different cellular responses. PAs are the integrated part of the cellular and genetic metabolism and help in transcription, translation, signaling, and post-translational modifications. At the cellular level, PA concentration may influence the condition of various diseases in the body. For instance, a high PA level is detrimental to patients suffering from aging, cognitive impairment, and cancer. The levels of PAs decline with age in humans, which is associated with different health disorders. On the other hand, PAs reduce the risk of many cardiovascular diseases and increase longevity, when taken in an optimum quantity. Therefore, a controlled diet is an easy way to maintain the level of PAs in the body. Based on the nutritional intake of PAs, healthy cell functioning can be maintained. Moreover, several diseases can also be controlled to a higher extend via maintaining the metabolism of PAs. The present review discusses the types, important functions, and metabolism of PAs in humans. It also highlights the nutritional role of PAs in the prevention of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narashans Alok Sagar
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat 131028, Haryana, India
- Food Microbiology Lab, Division of Livestock Products Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swarnava Tarafdar
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, All India Institute of Medical Science, Rishikesh 249203, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Surbhi Agarwal
- Department of Hematology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India;
| | - Ayon Tarafdar
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat 131028, Haryana, India
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53
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Nakanishi S, Cleveland JL. Polyamine Homeostasis in Development and Disease. MEDICAL SCIENCES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 9:medsci9020028. [PMID: 34068137 PMCID: PMC8162569 DOI: 10.3390/medsci9020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polycationic polyamines are present in nearly all living organisms and are essential for mammalian cell growth and survival, and for development. These positively charged molecules are involved in a variety of essential biological processes, yet their underlying mechanisms of action are not fully understood. Several studies have shown both beneficial and detrimental effects of polyamines on human health. In cancer, polyamine metabolism is frequently dysregulated, and elevated polyamines have been shown to promote tumor growth and progression, suggesting that targeting polyamines is an attractive strategy for therapeutic intervention. In contrast, polyamines have also been shown to play critical roles in lifespan, cardiac health and in the development and function of the brain. Accordingly, a detailed understanding of mechanisms that control polyamine homeostasis in human health and disease is needed to develop safe and effective strategies for polyamine-targeted therapy.
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Rahim AB, Lim HK, Tan CYR, Jia L, Leo VI, Uemura T, Hardman-Smart J, Common JEA, Lim TC, Bellanger S, Paus R, Igarashi K, Yang H, Vardy LA. The Polyamine Regulator AMD1 Upregulates Spermine Levels to Drive Epidermal Differentiation. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:2178-2188.e6. [PMID: 33984347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining tissue homeostasis depends on a balance between cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Within the epidermis, the levels of the polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are altered in many different skin conditions, yet their role in epidermal tissue homeostasis is poorly understood. We identify the polyamine regulator, Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 1 (AMD1), as a crucial regulator of keratinocyte (KC) differentiation. AMD1 protein is upregulated on differentiation and is highly expressed in the suprabasal layers of the human epidermis. During KC differentiation, elevated AMD1 promotes decreased putrescine and increased spermine levels. Knockdown or inhibition of AMD1 results in reduced spermine levels and inhibition of KC differentiation. Supplementing AMD1-knockdown KCs with exogenous spermidine or spermine rescued aberrant differentiation. We show that the polyamine shift is critical for the regulation of key transcription factors and signaling proteins that drive KC differentiation, including KLF4 and ZNF750. These findings show that human KCs use controlled changes in polyamine levels to modulate gene expression to drive cellular behavior changes. Modulation of polyamine levels during epidermal differentiation could impact skin barrier formation or can be used in the treatment of hyperproliferative skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisa B Rahim
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Kheng Lim
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christina Yan Ru Tan
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Jia
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vonny Ivon Leo
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Takeshi Uemura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jonathan Hardman-Smart
- Centre for Dermatology Research, School of Biology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John E A Common
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thiam Chye Lim
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sophie Bellanger
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ralf Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research, School of Biology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Kazuei Igarashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leah A Vardy
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
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Makhamrueang N, Sirilun S, Sirithunyalug J, Chaiyana W, Wangcharoen W, Peerajan S, Chaiyasut C. Effect of Pretreatment Processes on Biogenic Amines Content and Some Bioactive Compounds in Hericium erinaceus Extract. Foods 2021; 10:996. [PMID: 34063215 PMCID: PMC8147423 DOI: 10.3390/foods10050996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hericium erinaceus is reported as a source of several nutritional contents and bioactive compounds, especially β-glucan. However, various uncontrolled processes lead to the formation of byproducts that can affect human health, including biogenic amines. These amines are concerning, because their presence is an important indicator of the process of hygiene and food spoilage or quality. A better understanding of various pretreatment processes can control the content of biogenic amines. In this work, we studied the effect of pretreatment processes, i.e., sample size (whole, ripping, and chopping); heating process (non-heating, blanching, and boiling); and drying method (nondrying, hot air drying, and freeze-drying) on biogenic amine contents in H. erinaceus extract. A method of the post-column high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique was used for the analysis of putrescine (PUT) and spermidine (SPD) in H. erinaceus extract following the acceptable guidelines. In this study, treatment 20 (chopping/non-heating/hot air drying) was suggested as a good choice for the pretreatment process, because low levels of PUT and SPD were shown in the extract while high levels of the bioactive compounds β-glucan and antioxidant activity were presented. This treatment process can be applied to the industry because of its easy operation and cost-saving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netnapa Makhamrueang
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.M.); (W.C.)
| | - Sasithorn Sirilun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Jakkapan Sirithunyalug
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Wantida Chaiyana
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.M.); (W.C.)
| | - Wiwat Wangcharoen
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Agro-Industry, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand;
| | | | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.M.); (W.C.)
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Dala-Paula BM, Starling MDFV, Gloria MBA. Vegetables consumed in Brazilian cuisine as sources of bioactive amines. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Soda K, Uemura T, Sanayama H, Igarashi K, Fukui T. Polyamine-Rich Diet Elevates Blood Spermine Levels and Inhibits Pro-Inflammatory Status: An Interventional Study. Med Sci (Basel) 2021; 9:medsci9020022. [PMID: 33805535 PMCID: PMC8103277 DOI: 10.3390/medsci9020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Japanese diet and the Mediterranean diet are rich in polyamines (spermidine and spermine). Increased polyamine intake elevated blood spermine levels, inhibited aging-associated pro-inflammatory status (increases in lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) on immune cells), suppressed aberrant gene methylation and extended the lifespan of mice. To test the effects of increased polyamine intake by humans, 30 healthy male volunteers were asked to eat polyamine-rich and ready-to-eat traditional Japanese food (natto) for 12 months. Natto with high polyamine content was used. Another 27 male volunteers were asked not to change their dietary pattern as a control group. The volunteers’ age of intervention and control groups ranged from 40 to 69 years (median 48.9 ± 7.9). Two subjects in the control group subsequently dropped out of the study. The estimated increases in spermidine and spermine intakes were 96.63 ± 47.70 and 22.00 ± 9.56 µmol per day in the intervention group, while no changes were observed in the control group. The mean blood spermine level in the intervention group gradually rose to 1.12 ± 0.29 times the pre-intervention level after 12 months, and were significantly higher (p = 0.019) than those in the control group. Blood spermidine did not increase in either group. LFA-1 on monocytes decreased gradually in the intervention group, and there was an inverse association between changes in spermine concentrations relative to spermidine and changes in LFA-1 levels. Contingency table analysis revealed that the odds ratio to decrease LFA-1 by increased polyamine intake was 3.927 (95% CI 1.116–13.715) (p = 0.032) when the effect of acute inflammation was excluded. The results in the study were similar to those of our animal experiments. Since methylation changes of the entire genome are associated with aging-associated pathologies and our previous studies showed that spermine-induced LFA-1 suppression was associated with the inhibition of aberrant gene methylation, the results suggest that dietary polyamine contributes to human health and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniyasu Soda
- Department Cardiovascular Institute for Medical Research, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847, Amanuma, Saitama-City, Saitama 330-0834, Japan; (H.S.); (T.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-48-647-2111
| | - Takeshi Uemura
- Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, 1-8-15 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0856, Japan; (T.U.); (K.I.)
| | - Hidenori Sanayama
- Department Cardiovascular Institute for Medical Research, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847, Amanuma, Saitama-City, Saitama 330-0834, Japan; (H.S.); (T.F.)
| | - Kazuei Igarashi
- Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, 1-8-15 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0856, Japan; (T.U.); (K.I.)
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Taro Fukui
- Department Cardiovascular Institute for Medical Research, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847, Amanuma, Saitama-City, Saitama 330-0834, Japan; (H.S.); (T.F.)
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Sandusky-Beltran LA, Kovalenko A, Placides DS, Ratnasamy K, Ma C, Hunt JB, Liang H, Calahatian JIT, Michalski C, Fahnestock M, Blair LJ, Darling AL, Baker JD, Fontaine SN, Dickey CA, Gamsby JJ, Nash KR, Abner E, Selenica MLB, Lee DC. Aberrant AZIN2 and polyamine metabolism precipitates tau neuropathology. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:126299. [PMID: 33586680 PMCID: PMC7880423 DOI: 10.1172/jci126299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies display a spectrum of phenotypes from cognitive to affective behavioral impairments; however, mechanisms promoting tau pathology and how tau elicits behavioral impairment remain unclear. We report a unique interaction between polyamine metabolism, behavioral impairment, and tau fate. Polyamines are ubiquitous aliphatic molecules that support neuronal function, axonal integrity, and cognitive processing. Transient increases in polyamine metabolism hallmark the cell's response to various insults, known as the polyamine stress response (PSR). Dysregulation of gene transcripts associated with polyamine metabolism in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains were observed, and we found that ornithine decarboxylase antizyme inhibitor 2 (AZIN2) increased to the greatest extent. We showed that sustained AZIN2 overexpression elicited a maladaptive PSR in mice with underlying tauopathy (MAPT P301S; PS19). AZIN2 also increased acetylpolyamines, augmented tau deposition, and promoted cognitive and affective behavioral impairments. Higher-order polyamines displaced microtubule-associated tau to facilitate polymerization but also decreased tau seeding and oligomerization. Conversely, acetylpolyamines promoted tau seeding and oligomers. These data suggest that tauopathies launch an altered enzymatic signature that endorses a feed-forward cycle of disease progression. Taken together, the tau-induced PSR affects behavior and disease continuance, but may also position the polyamine pathway as a potential entry point for plausible targets and treatments of tauopathy, including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A. Sandusky-Beltran
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute and
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Andrii Kovalenko
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute and
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Devon S. Placides
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute and
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Kevin Ratnasamy
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute and
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Chao Ma
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute and
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging
| | - Jerry B. Hunt
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging
- Department of Neuroscience
| | - Huimin Liang
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging
- Department of Neuroscience
| | - John Ivan T. Calahatian
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute and
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Camilla Michalski
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margaret Fahnestock
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura J. Blair
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute and
- Department of Molecular Medicine and
| | - April L. Darling
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute and
- Department of Molecular Medicine and
| | - Jeremy D. Baker
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute and
- Department of Molecular Medicine and
| | | | - Chad A. Dickey
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute and
- Department of Molecular Medicine and
| | - Joshua J. Gamsby
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute and
- Department of Molecular Medicine and
| | - Kevin R. Nash
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Erin Abner
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging
- Department of Epidemiology, and
| | - Maj-Linda B. Selenica
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Daniel C. Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging
- Department of Neuroscience
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Health-Promoting Effects of Dietary Polyamines. Med Sci (Basel) 2021; 9:medsci9010008. [PMID: 33562765 PMCID: PMC7930991 DOI: 10.3390/medsci9010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to summarize the latest information on the various aspects of polyamines and their health benefits. In recent years, attempts to treat cancer by reducing elevated polyamines levels in cancer cells have been made, with some advancing to clinical trials. However, it has been reported since 2009 that polyamines extend the healthy life span of animals by inducing autophagy, protecting the kidneys and liver, improving cognitive function, and inhibiting the progression of heart diseases. As such, there is conflicting information regarding the relationship between polyamines and health. However, attempts to treat cancer by decreasing intracellular polyamines levels are a coping strategy to suppress the proliferation-promoting effects of polyamines, and a consensus is being reached that polyamine intake does not induce cancer in healthy individuals. To provide further scientific evidence for the health-promoting effects of polyamines, large-scale clinical studies involving multiple groups are expected in the future. It is also important to promote basic research on polyamine intake in animals, including elucidation of the polyamine balance between food, intestinal bacteria, and biosynthesis.
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Matsumoto M. Prevention of Atherosclerosis by the Induction of Microbial Polyamine Production in the Intestinal Lumen. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:221-229. [PMID: 32009110 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Low molecular weight metabolites produced by the intestinal microbiome that have been associated with health and disease as metabolites need to be constantly absorbed from the intestinal lumen and transported to intestinal epithelial cells and blood. Polyamines, especially spermidine and spermine, are bioactive chemicals which promote autophagy and suppress inflammation. The main source of exogenous polyamines is the intestinal lumen, where they are produced by intestinal microbiome. Considering the intestinal microbiome as a manufacturing plant for bioactive substances, we developed a novel hybrid putrescine biosynthesis system strategy, in which the simultaneous intake of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis LKM512 (Bifal) and arginine (Arg) upregulates the production of the putrescine, a precursor of spermidine and spermine, in the gut by controlling the bacterial metabolism beyond its vast diversity and inter-individual differences. In a clinical trial, healthy individuals with a body mass index near the maximum "healthy" range (25 kg/m3; n = 44) were randomized to consume either normal yogurt containing Bifal and Arg (Bifal + Arg YG) or placebo (normal yogurt) for 12 weeks. The change in reactive hyperemia index determined by EndoPAT from week 0 to 12 in the Bifal + Arg YG group was significantly higher than that in the placebo group, indicating that Bifal + Arg YG intake improved vascular endothelial function. In addition, the concentrations of fecal putrescine and serum spermidine in the Bifal+ Arg YG group were significantly higher than those in the placebo group. These findings suggest that consuming Bifal + Arg YG prevents or reduces atherosclerosis risk by upregulating blood spermidine levels, which subsequently induces autophagy.
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Dietary Polyamines Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Case-Control Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113575. [PMID: 33266410 PMCID: PMC7700244 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamines (including putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) are small, cationic molecules that are necessary for cell proliferation and differentiation. Few studies have examined the association of dietary polyamines intake with colorectal cancer risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate total polyamines, putrescine, spermidine, and spermine intake in relation to colorectal cancer risk in China. In total, 2502 colorectal cancer cases and 2538 age-(5-year interval) and sex-matched controls were recruited from July 2010 to April 2019. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by multivariable unconditional logistic regression after adjustment for various potential confounding factors. Higher intake of total polyamine, putrescine and spermidine was significantly associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer. The adjusted ORs for the highest compared with the lowest quartile of intake were 0.60 (95% CI 0.50, 0.72; Ptrend < 0.001) for total polyamines, 0.35 (95% CI 0.29, 0.43; Ptrend < 0.001) for putrescine and 0.79 (95% CI 0.66, 0.95; Ptrend = 0.001) for spermidine, respectively. However, higher intake of spermine was associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer, with an adjusted OR of 1.58 (95% CI 1.29, 1.93; Ptrend < 0.001). This data indicate that higher intake of total polyamines, putrescine and spermidine, as well as lower intake of spermine, is associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer.
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Ma L, Ni Y, Wang Z, Tu W, Ni L, Zhuge F, Zheng A, Hu L, Zhao Y, Zheng L, Fu Z. Spermidine improves gut barrier integrity and gut microbiota function in diet-induced obese mice. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1-19. [PMID: 33151120 PMCID: PMC7668533 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1832857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with impaired intestinal barrier function and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Spermidine, a polyamine that acts as an autophagy inducer, has important benefits in patients with aging-associated diseases and metabolic dysfunction. However, the mechanism of spermidine on obesity remains unclear. Here, we show that spermidine intake is negatively correlated with obesity in both humans and mice. Spermidine supplementation causes a significant loss of weight and improves insulin resistance in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. These effects are associated with the alleviation of metabolic endotoxemia and enhancement of intestinal barrier function, which might be mediated through autophagy pathway and TLR4-mediated microbial signaling transduction. Moreover, spermidine causes the significant alteration of microbiota composition and function. Microbiota depletion compromises function, while transplantation of spermidine-altered microbiota confers protection against obesity. These changes might partly be driven by an SCFA-producing bacterium, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, which was decreased in obese subjects and subsequently increased by spermidine. Notably, the change of Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group is significantly correlated with enhanced gut barrier function induced by spermidine. Our results indicate that spermidine supplementation may serve as a viable therapy for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Ma
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinhua Ni
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China,CONTACT Yinhua Ni
| | - Zhe Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenqing Tu
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Liyang Ni
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fen Zhuge
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Aqian Zheng
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luting Hu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Zhao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liujie Zheng
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China,Zhengwei Fu College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310032, China
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Madeo F, Hofer SJ, Pendl T, Bauer MA, Eisenberg T, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Kroemer G. Nutritional Aspects of Spermidine. Annu Rev Nutr 2020; 40:135-159. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-120419-015419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Natural polyamines (spermidine and spermine) are small, positively charged molecules that are ubiquitously found within organisms and cells. They exert numerous (intra)cellular functions and have been implicated to protect against several age-related diseases. Although polyamine levels decline in a complex age-dependent, tissue-, and cell type–specific manner, they are maintained in healthy nonagenarians and centenarians. Increased polyamine levels, including through enhanced dietary intake, have been consistently linked to improved health and reduced overall mortality. In preclinical models, dietary supplementation with spermidine prolongs life span and health span. In this review, we highlight salient aspects of nutritional polyamine intake and summarize the current knowledge of organismal and cellular uptake and distribution of dietary (and gastrointestinal) polyamines and their impact on human health. We further summarize clinical and epidemiological studies of dietary polyamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sebastian J. Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Pendl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Maria A. Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Eisenberg
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Central Lab Graz Cell Informatics and Analyses (GRACIA), NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75015 Paris, France
- Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiangsu 215163, Suzhou, China
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University, S-17177 Solna, Sweden
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64
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Correlation of polyamines, acrolein-conjugated lysine and polyamine metabolic enzyme levels with age in human liver. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05031. [PMID: 32995657 PMCID: PMC7512001 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The polyamines spermidine, spermine and putrescine are essential for normal cellular functions. The contents of polyamines in tissue decreased in aged mice compared to young mice. In this study, the polyamine contents and their metabolic byproduct acrolein-conjugated lysine (Nε-(3-formyl-3,4-dehydropiperidino)-lysine, FDP-Lys) in human liver tissue were measured and analyzed the correlation with age of the subjects. The putrescine and FDP-Lys levels were significantly increased with age. On the other hand, spermine level was decreased with age. Spermidine did not significantly correlate with age. The relative amount of spermine oxidase (SMOX) significantly correlated with the age of subjects whereas ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AMD1) significantly reduced by the age. Our results suggested that an increase in oxidation and reduction in polyamine synthesis may cause the change of polyamine profile in the elderly.
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65
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Spermidine inhibits neurodegeneration and delays aging via the PINK1-PDR1-dependent mitophagy pathway in C. elegans. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:16852-16866. [PMID: 32902411 PMCID: PMC7521492 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Aging is the primary driver of various diseases, including common neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Currently there is no cure for AD and PD, and the development of novel drug candidates is demanding. Spermidine is a small anti-aging molecule with elimination of damaged mitochondria via the process of mitophagy identified as a molecular mechanism of action. Here, we show that spermidine inhibits memory loss in AD worms and improves behavioral performance, e.g., locomotor capacity, in a PD worm model, both via the PINK1-PDR1-dependent mitophagy pathway. Additionally, spermidine delays accelerated aging and improves healthspan in the DNA repair-deficient premature aging Werner syndrome (WS) worm model. While possible intertwined interactions between mitophagy/autophagy induction and DNA repair by spermidine are to be determined, our data support further translation of spermidine as a possible therapeutic intervention for such diseases.
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66
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Guijas C, Montenegro-Burke JR, Cintron-Colon R, Domingo-Almenara X, Sanchez-Alavez M, Aguirre CA, Shankar K, Majumder ELW, Billings E, Conti B, Siuzdak G. Metabolic adaptation to calorie restriction. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/648/eabb2490. [PMID: 32900879 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abb2490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) enhances health span (the length of time that an organism remains healthy) and increases longevity across species. In mice, these beneficial effects are partly mediated by the lowering of core body temperature that occurs during CR. Conversely, the favorable effects of CR on health span are mitigated by elevating ambient temperature to thermoneutrality (30°C), a condition in which hypothermia is blunted. In this study, we compared the global metabolic response to CR of mice housed at 22°C (the standard housing temperature) or at 30°C and found that thermoneutrality reverted 39 and 78% of total systemic or hypothalamic metabolic variations caused by CR, respectively. Systemic changes included pathways that control fuel use and energy expenditure during CR. Cognitive computing-assisted analysis of these metabolomics results helped to prioritize potential active metabolites that modulated the hypothermic response to CR. Last, we demonstrated with pharmacological approaches that nitric oxide (NO) produced through the citrulline-NO pathway promotes CR-triggered hypothermia and that leucine enkephalin directly controls core body temperature when exogenously injected into the hypothalamus. Because thermoneutrality counteracts CR-enhanced health span, the multiple metabolites and pathways altered by thermoneutrality may represent targets for mimicking CR-associated effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Guijas
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - J Rafael Montenegro-Burke
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rigo Cintron-Colon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xavier Domingo-Almenara
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Manuel Sanchez-Alavez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Carlos A Aguirre
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kokila Shankar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Erica L-W Majumder
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Elizabeth Billings
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bruno Conti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience and Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gary Siuzdak
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. .,Departments of Chemistry, Molecular, and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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67
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Jabłońska-Ryś E, Sławińska A, Stachniuk A, Stadnik J. Determination of biogenic amines in processed and unprocessed mushrooms from the Polish market. J Food Compost Anal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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68
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Xu J, Zhu S, Xu L, Liu X, Ding W, Wang Q, Chen Y, Deng H. CA9 Silencing Promotes Mitochondrial Biogenesis, Increases Putrescine Toxicity and Decreases Cell Motility to Suppress ccRCC Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5939. [PMID: 32824856 PMCID: PMC7460829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9), a pH-regulating transmembrane protein, is highly expressed in solid tumors, and particularly in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The catalytic mechanisms of CA9 are well defined, but its roles in mediating cell migration/invasion and survival in ccRCC remain to be determined. Here, we confirmed that the mRNA expression of CA9 in ccRCC was significantly higher than that in para-carcinoma tissues from analysis of the datasets in The Cancer Genome Atlas. CA9 knockdown upregulated oxidative phosphorylation-associated proteins and increased mitochondrial biogenesis, resulting in the reversal of the Warburg phenotype and the inhibition of cell growth. Our study revealed that CA9 knockdown upregulated mitochondrial arginase 2 (ARG2), leading to the accumulation of putrescine, which suppressed ccRCC proliferation. Surfaceomics analysis revealed that CA9 knockdown downregulated proteins associated with extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction and cell adhesion, resulting in decreased cell migration. CA9 silencing also downregulated amino acid transporters, leading to reduced cellular amino acids. Collectively, our data show that CA9 knockdown suppresses proliferation via metabolic reprogramming and reduced cell migration, reaffirming that CA9 is a potential therapeutic target for ccRCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatong Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (J.X.); (S.Z.); (L.X.); (X.L.); (W.D.)
| | - Songbiao Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (J.X.); (S.Z.); (L.X.); (X.L.); (W.D.)
| | - Lina Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (J.X.); (S.Z.); (L.X.); (X.L.); (W.D.)
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (J.X.); (S.Z.); (L.X.); (X.L.); (W.D.)
| | - Wenxi Ding
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (J.X.); (S.Z.); (L.X.); (X.L.); (W.D.)
| | - Qingtao Wang
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, China;
| | - Yuling Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (J.X.); (S.Z.); (L.X.); (X.L.); (W.D.)
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (J.X.); (S.Z.); (L.X.); (X.L.); (W.D.)
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69
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Guo Y, Ye Q, Deng P, Cao Y, He D, Zhou Z, Wang C, Zaytseva YY, Schwartz CE, Lee EY, Evers BM, Morris AJ, Liu S, She QB. Spermine synthase and MYC cooperate to maintain colorectal cancer cell survival by repressing Bim expression. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3243. [PMID: 32591507 PMCID: PMC7320137 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17067-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of polyamine metabolism has been linked to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), but the underlying mechanism is incompletely characterized. Here, we report that spermine synthase (SMS), a polyamine biosynthetic enzyme, is overexpressed in CRC. Targeted disruption of SMS in CRC cells results in spermidine accumulation, which inhibits FOXO3a acetylation and allows subsequent translocation to the nucleus to transcriptionally induce expression of the proapoptotic protein Bim. However, this induction is blunted by MYC-driven expression of miR-19a and miR-19b that repress Bim production. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of MYC activity in SMS-depleted CRC cells dramatically induces Bim expression and apoptosis and causes tumor regression, but these effects are profoundly attenuated by silencing Bim. These findings uncover a key survival signal in CRC through convergent repression of Bim expression by distinct SMS- and MYC-mediated signaling pathways. Thus, combined inhibition of SMS and MYC signaling may be an effective therapy for CRC. Polyamine metabolism is frequently dysregulated in cancers. Here, the authors show that a polyamine biosynthetic enzyme, spermine synthase, is overexpressed in colorectal cancers and cooperates with MYC to prevent cancer cell apoptosis by repression of proapoptotic protein, Bim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Qing Ye
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Pan Deng
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Yanan Cao
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Daheng He
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Zhaohe Zhou
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Chi Wang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Yekaterina Y Zaytseva
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | | | - Eun Y Lee
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - B Mark Evers
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Andrew J Morris
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, and Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Side Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qing-Bai She
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.
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70
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Fan J, Feng Z, Chen N. Spermidine as a target for cancer therapy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104943. [PMID: 32461185 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Spermidine, as a natural component from polyamine members, is originally isolated from semen and also existed in many natural plants, and can be responsible for cell growth and development in eukaryotes. The supplementation of spermidine can extend health and lifespan across species. Although the elevated levels of polyamines and the regulation of rate-limiting enzymes for polyamine metabolism have been identified as the biomarkers in many cancers, recent epidemiological data support that an increased uptake of spermidine as a caloric restriction mimic can reduce overall mortality associated with cancers. The possible mechanisms between spermidine and cancer development may be related to the precise regulation of polyamine metabolism, anti-cancer immunosurveillance, autophagy, and apoptosis. Increased intake of polyamine seems to suppress tumorigenesis, but appears to accelerate the growth of established tumors. Based on these observations and the absolute requirement for polyamines in tumor growth, spermidine could be a rational target for chemoprevention and clinical therapeutics of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Fan
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Ziyuan Feng
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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71
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Sharma R, Padwad Y. Probiotic bacteria as modulators of cellular senescence: emerging concepts and opportunities. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:335-349. [PMID: 31818183 PMCID: PMC7524351 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1697148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotic bacteria are increasingly gaining importance in human nutrition owing to their multifaceted health beneficial effects. Studies have also shown that probiotic supplementation is useful in mitigating age-associated oxi-inflammatory stress, immunosenescence, and gut dysbiosis thereby promoting health and longevity. However, our current understanding of the process of aging suggests a strong interrelationship between the accumulation of senescent cells and the development of aging phenotype, including the predisposition to age-related disorders. The present review studies the documented pro-longevity effects of probiotics and highlights how these beneficial attributes of probiotics could be related to the mitigation of cellular senescence. We present a perspective that to fully understand and comprehend the anti-aging characteristics of probiotic bacteria; it is imperative that probiotics or their synbiotic amalgamation with plant polyphenols, be studied under the purview of cellular senescence, that may ultimately help devise probiotic-based anti-senescence strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Food & Nutraceutical Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India,CONTACT Rohit Sharma Food & Nutraceutical Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur176061, India
| | - Yogendra Padwad
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Food & Nutraceutical Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
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72
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Accumulation of Agmatine, Spermidine, and Spermine in Sprouts and Microgreens of Alfalfa, Fenugreek, Lentil, and Daikon Radish. Foods 2020; 9:foods9050547. [PMID: 32369919 PMCID: PMC7278799 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sprouts and microgreens are a rich source of various bioactive compounds. Seeds of lentil, fenugreek, alfalfa, and daikon radish seeds were germinated and the contents of the polyamines agmatine (AGM), putrescine (PUT), cadaverine (CAD), spermidine (SPD), and spermine (SPM) in ungerminated seeds, sprouts, and microgreens were determined. In general, sprouting led to the accumulation of the total polyamine content. The highest levels of AGM (5392 mg/kg) were found in alfalfa microgreens, PUT (1079 mg/kg) and CAD (3563 mg/kg) in fenugreek sprouts, SPD (579 mg/kg) in lentil microgreens, and SPM (922 mg/kg) in fenugreek microgreens. A large increase in CAD content was observed in all three legume sprouts. Conversely, the nutritionally beneficial polyamines AGM, SPD, and SPM were accumulated in microgreens, while their contents of CAD were significantly lower. In contrast, daikon radish sprouts exhibited a nutritionally better profile of polyamines than the microgreens. Freezing and thawing of legume sprouts resulted in significant degradation of CAD, PUT, and AGM by endogenous diamine oxidases. The enzymatic potential of fenugreek sprouts can be used to degrade exogenous PUT, CAD, and tyramine at pH values above 5.
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73
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Long-term treatment with spermidine increases health span of middle-aged Sprague-Dawley male rats. GeroScience 2020; 42:937-949. [PMID: 32285289 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00173-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Let alone calorie restriction, life span extension in higher organisms has proven to be difficult to achieve using simple drugs. Previous studies have shown that the polyamine spermidine increased the maximum life span in C. elegans and the median life span in mice. However, younger subjects (< 40 years of age) are infrequently prescribed nor self-medicating with antiaging drugs. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed at assessing the effect of long-term treatment with spermidine given in the drinking water on behavioral performance and longevity of male, middle-aged Sprague-Dawley rats. We report that spermidine given in the drinking water did not extend neither the median nor the maximum life span of the middle-aged male Sprague-Dawley rats. However, spermidine treatment had a beneficial effect on the body weight and the kidney tubules, liver, and heart morphology. Behaviorally, spermidine led to a reduction in anxiety and an increase in curiosity, as assessed by exploratory behavior. Moreover, long-term treatment with spermidine enhanced autophagy in the brain and led to a diminished expression of the inflammatory markers, Tgfb, CD11b, Fcgr1, Stat1, CR3, and GFAP mRNAs in several cortical region and hippocampus of the treated rats suggesting that one beneficial effect of the long-term treatment with spermidine is an attenuated proinflammatory state in the aged brain. Our results suggest that long-term treatment with spermidine increases health span of middle-aged rats by attenuating neuroinflammation and improving anxiety and exploratory behavior.
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74
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Sridharan A, Shi M, Leo VI, Subramaniam N, Lim TC, Uemura T, Igarashi K, Tien Guan ST, Tan NS, Vardy LA. The Polyamine Putrescine Promotes Human Epidermal Melanogenesis. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:2032-2040.e1. [PMID: 32119868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpigmentary conditions can arise when melanogenesis in the epidermis is misregulated. Understanding the pathways underlying melanogenesis is essential for the development of effective treatments. Here, we report that a group of metabolites called polyamines are important in the control of melanogenesis in human skin. Polyamines are cationic molecules present in all cells and are essential for cellular function. We report that polyamine regulator ODC1 is upregulated in melanocytes from melasma lesional skin. We report that the polyamine putrescine can promote pigmentation in human skin explants and primary normal human epidermal melanocytes through induction of tyrosinase which is rate-limiting for the synthesis of melanin. Putrescine supplementation on normal human epidermal melanocytes results in the activation of polyamine catabolism, which results in increased intracellular H2O2. Polyamine catabolism is also increased in human skin explants that have been treated with putrescine. We further report that inhibition of polyamine catabolism prevents putrescine-induced promotion of tyrosinase levels and pigmentation in normal human epidermal melanocytes, showing that polyamine catabolism is responsible for the putrescine induction of melanogenesis. Our data showing that putrescine promotes pigmentation has important consequences for hyperpigmented and hypopigmented conditions. Further understanding of how polyamines control epidermal pigmentation could open the door for the development of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Sridharan
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore
| | - Meng Shi
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore
| | - Vonny Ivon Leo
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore
| | - Nagavidya Subramaniam
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore
| | - Thiam Chye Lim
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Hospital and National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge Wing, Singapore
| | - Takeshi Uemura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuei Igarashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Steven Thng Tien Guan
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Drive, Singapore
| | - Leah A Vardy
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Drive, Singapore.
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75
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KLF4 is required for suppression of histamine synthesis by polyamines during bone marrow-derived mast cell differentiation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229744. [PMID: 32101568 PMCID: PMC7043748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells have secretory granules containing chemical mediators such as histamine and play important roles in the immune system. Polyamines are essential factors for cellular processes such as gene expression and translation. It has been reported that secretory granules contain both histamine and polyamines, which have similar chemical structures and are produced from the metabolism of cationic amino acids. We investigated the effect of polyamine depletion on mast cells using bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs). Polyamine depletion was induced using α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase. DFMO treatment resulted in a significant reduction of cell number and abnormal secretory granules in BMMCs. Moreover, the cells showed a 2.3-fold increase in intracellular histamine and up-regulation of histidine decarboxylase (HDC) at the transcriptional level during BMMC differentiation. Levels of the transcription factor kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) greatly decreased upon DFMO treatment; however, Klf4 mRNA was expressed at levels similar to controls. We determined the translational regulation of KLF4 using reporter genes encoding Klf4-luc2 fusion mRNA, for transfecting NIH3T3 cells, and performed in vitro translation. We found that the efficiency of KLF4 synthesis in response to DFMO treatment was enhanced by the existence of a GC-rich 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) on Klf4 mRNA, regardless of the recognition of the initiation codon. Taken together, these results indicate that the enhancement of histamine synthesis by DFMO depends on the up-regulation of Hdc expression, achieved by removal of transcriptional suppression of KLF4, during differentiation.
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76
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Wang J, Li S, Wang J, Wu F, Chen Y, Zhang H, Guo Y, Lin Y, Li L, Yu X, Liu T, Zhao Y. Spermidine alleviates cardiac aging by improving mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:650-671. [PMID: 31907336 PMCID: PMC6977682 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines have been shown to delay cellular and organismal aging and to provide cardiovascular protection in humans. Because age-related cardiovascular dysfunction is often accompanied by impaired mitochondrial biogenesis and function, we explored the ability of spermidine (SPD), a major mammalian polyamine, to attenuate cardiac aging through activation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Cardiac polyamine levels were reduced in aged (24-month-old) rats. Six-week SPD supplementation restored cardiac polyamine content, preserved myocardial ultrastructure, and inhibited mitochondrial dysfunction. Immunoblotting showed that ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and SPD/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) were downregulated and upregulated, respectively, in the myocardium of older rats. These changes were paralleled by age-dependent downregulation of components of the sirtuin-1/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator alpha (SIRT1/PGC-1α) signaling pathway, an important regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. SPD administration increased SIRT1, PGC-1α, nuclear respiratory factors 1 and 2 (NRF1, NRF2), and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) expression; decreased ROS production; and improved OXPHOS performance in senescent (H2O2-treated) cardiomyocytes. Inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis or SIRT1 activity abolished these effects. PGC-1α knockdown experiments confirmed that SPD activated mitochondrial biogenesis through SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of PGC-1α. These data provide new insight into the antiaging effects of SPD, and suggest potential applicability to protect against deterioration of cardiac function with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Medical Technology, Beijing Health Vocational College, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoqi Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ju Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Feixiang Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yuhan Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yubo Guo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lingxu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xue Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
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77
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Jeong TY, Simpson MJ. Reproduction Stage Differentiates the Time-Course Regulation of Metabolites in Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:12764-12773. [PMID: 31553582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Daphnia magna is a keystone indicator zooplankton used in environmental quality assessments. Comparative metabolomics, which contrasts small biomolecular regulations under different conditions, has emerged as a sensitive and informative investigation tool for the assessment of environmental stressors on D. magna. Baseline metabolomic variation is likely impacted by the asexual reproduction cycle of D. magna; however, the relationship between metabolite concentration regulation and reproduction cycle has not been investigated. This study investigated the time-course regulation of 51 metabolites during different reproduction stages to determine how the reproduction cycle controlled the metabolite profile of D. magna. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) results reveal that most metabolites show significantly differentiated concentrations by individual or a combination of reproduction stages and sampling time. On the basis of the partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and ANOVA-simultaneous component analysis (ANOVA-SCA), stages 2 and 3 of reproduction show similarity in metabolite abundance regulation compared to stage 1. Metabolites were classified as being either dependent or independent of reproduction in the pairwise concentration correlation based on Pearson correlation coefficients. This study observed that the D. magna reproduction stage is an important consideration and potential variable and should be considered carefully when conducting metabolomic experiments using D. magna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Yong Jeong
- Department of Physical and Environmental Science , University of Toronto Scarborough , 1265 Military Trail , Toronto , Ontario M1C 1A4 , Canada
| | - Myrna J Simpson
- Department of Physical and Environmental Science , University of Toronto Scarborough , 1265 Military Trail , Toronto , Ontario M1C 1A4 , Canada
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78
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Di Rita A, Strappazzon F. Mitophagy could fight Parkinson's disease through antioxidant action. Rev Neurosci 2019; 30:729-742. [PMID: 30840597 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During aging, the process of mitophagy, a system that allows the removal of dysfunctional mitochondria through lysosomal degradation, starts to malfunction. Because of this defect, damaged mitochondria are not removed correctly, and their decomposing components accumulate inside the cells. Dysfunctional mitochondria that are not removed by mitophagy produce high amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and, thus, cause oxidative stress. Oxidative stress, in turn, is very harmful for the cells, neuronal cells, in particular. Consequently, the process of mitophagy plays a crucial role in mitochondria-related disease. Mitochondrial dysfunctions and oxidative stress are well-established factors contributing to Parkinson's disease (PD), one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we report various known antioxidants for PD treatments and describe the stimulation of mitophagy process as a novel and exciting method for reducing oxidative stress in PD patients. We describe the different mechanisms responsible for mitochondria removal through the mitophagy process. In addition, we review the functional connection between mitophagy induction and reduction of oxidative stress in several in vitro models of PD and also agents (drugs and natural compounds) already known to be antioxidants and to be able to activate mitophagy. Finally, we propose that there is an urgent need to test the use of mitophagy-inducing antioxidants in order to fight PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthea Di Rita
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, I-00143 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Flavie Strappazzon
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, I-00143 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy
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79
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Ekmekcioglu C. Nutrition and longevity – From mechanisms to uncertainties. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:3063-3082. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1676698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cem Ekmekcioglu
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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80
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Zhang H, Alsaleh G, Feltham J, Sun Y, Napolitano G, Riffelmacher T, Charles P, Frau L, Hublitz P, Yu Z, Mohammed S, Ballabio A, Balabanov S, Mellor J, Simon AK. Polyamines Control eIF5A Hypusination, TFEB Translation, and Autophagy to Reverse B Cell Senescence. Mol Cell 2019; 76:110-125.e9. [PMID: 31474573 PMCID: PMC6863385 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Failure to make adaptive immune responses is a hallmark of aging. Reduced B cell function leads to poor vaccination efficacy and a high prevalence of infections in the elderly. Here we show that reduced autophagy is a central molecular mechanism underlying immune senescence. Autophagy levels are specifically reduced in mature lymphocytes, leading to compromised memory B cell responses in old individuals. Spermidine, an endogenous polyamine metabolite, induces autophagy in vivo and rejuvenates memory B cell responses. Mechanistically, spermidine post-translationally modifies the translation factor eIF5A, which is essential for the synthesis of the autophagy transcription factor TFEB. Spermidine is depleted in the elderly, leading to reduced TFEB expression and autophagy. Spermidine supplementation restored this pathway and improved the responses of old human B cells. Taken together, our results reveal an unexpected autophagy regulatory mechanism mediated by eIF5A at the translational level, which can be harnessed to reverse immune senescence in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Zhang
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Ghada Alsaleh
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Jack Feltham
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Yizhe Sun
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Gennaro Napolitano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Thomas Riffelmacher
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Philip Charles
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK; Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Lisa Frau
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Philip Hublitz
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Zhanru Yu
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Shabaz Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stefan Balabanov
- Division of Haematology, University Hospital and University of Zürich, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jane Mellor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Anna Katharina Simon
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK.
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81
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Uchitomi R, Hatazawa Y, Senoo N, Yoshioka K, Fujita M, Shimizu T, Miura S, Ono Y, Kamei Y. Metabolomic Analysis of Skeletal Muscle in Aged Mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10425. [PMID: 31320689 PMCID: PMC6639307 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46929-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is the age-induced, progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. To better understand changes in skeletal muscle during sarcopenia, we performed a metabolomic analysis of skeletal muscle in young (8-week-old) and aged (28-month-old) mice by using capillary electrophoresis with electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis showed clear changes in metabolites between young and aged mice. Glucose metabolism products were decreased in aged mice, specifically fructose 1,6-diphosphate (0.4-fold) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (0.6-fold), possibly from decreased glycolytic muscle fibers. Multiple metabolic products associated with phospholipid metabolism were significantly changed in aged mice, which may reflect changes in cell membrane phospholipids of skeletal muscle. Products of polyamine metabolism, which are known to increase nucleic acid and protein synthesis, decreased in spermine (0.5-fold) and spermidine (0.6-fold) levels. By contrast, neurotransmitter levels were increased in skeletal muscle of aged mice, including acetylcholine (1.8-fold), histamine (2.6-fold), and serotonin (1.7-fold). The increase in acetylcholine might compensate for age-associated dropout of neuromuscular junctions, whereas the increases in histamine and serotonin might be due to muscle injury associated with aging. Further analysis focusing on the altered metabolites observed in this study will provide essential data for understanding aging muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Uchitomi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukino Hatazawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nanami Senoo
- Laboratories of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yoshioka
- Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mariko Fujita
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiko Shimizu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Geriatrics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Aging Stress Response Research Project Team, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shinji Miura
- Laboratories of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ono
- Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasutomi Kamei
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan.
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82
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Muñoz-Esparza NC, Latorre-Moratalla ML, Comas-Basté O, Toro-Funes N, Veciana-Nogués MT, Vidal-Carou MC. Polyamines in Food. Front Nutr 2019; 6:108. [PMID: 31355206 PMCID: PMC6637774 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The polyamines spermine, spermidine, and putrescine are involved in various biological processes, notably in cell proliferation and differentiation, and also have antioxidant properties. Dietary polyamines have important implications in human health, mainly in the intestinal maturation and in the differentiation and development of immune system. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of polyamine can also play an important role in the prevention of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases. In addition to endogenous synthesis, food is an important source of polyamines. Although there are no recommendations for polyamine daily intake, it is known that in stages of rapid cell growth (i.e., in the neonatal period), polyamine requirements are high. Additionally, de novo synthesis of polyamines tends to decrease with age, which is why their dietary sources acquire a greater importance in an aging population. Polyamine daily intake differs among to the available estimations, probably due to different dietary patterns and methodologies of data collection. Polyamines can be found in all types of foods in a wide range of concentrations. Spermidine and spermine are naturally present in food whereas putrescine could also have a microbial origin. The main polyamine in plant-based products is spermidine, whereas spermine content is generally higher in animal-derived foods. This article reviews the main implications of polyamines for human health, as well as their content in food and breast milk and infant formula. In addition, the estimated levels of polyamines intake in different populations are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly C. Muñoz-Esparza
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona (INSA·UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Catalonian Reference Network on Food Technology (XaRTA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Luz Latorre-Moratalla
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona (INSA·UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Catalonian Reference Network on Food Technology (XaRTA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Comas-Basté
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona (INSA·UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Catalonian Reference Network on Food Technology (XaRTA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Toro-Funes
- Eurecat, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, Technology Centre of Catalonia, Reus, Spain
| | - M. Teresa Veciana-Nogués
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona (INSA·UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Catalonian Reference Network on Food Technology (XaRTA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Carmen Vidal-Carou
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona (INSA·UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Catalonian Reference Network on Food Technology (XaRTA), Barcelona, Spain
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83
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Hou Y, He W, Hu S, Wu G. Composition of polyamines and amino acids in plant-source foods for human consumption. Amino Acids 2019; 51:1153-1165. [PMID: 31197570 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02751-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dietary polyamines and amino acids (AAs) are crucial for human growth, development, reproduction, and health. However, the scientific literature shows large variations in polyamine and AA concentrations among major staple foods of plant origin, and there is a scarcity of information regarding their complete composition of AAs. To provide a much-needed database, we quantified polyamines, agmatine, and AAs in select plant-source foods. On the dry matter basis, total polyamines were most abundant in corn grains, followed by soybeans, sweet potatoes, pistachio nuts, potatoes, peanuts, wheat flour and white rice in descending order. Glutamine was the most abundant AA in pistachio nuts, wheat flour and white rice, arginine in peanuts, leucine in corn grains, glutamate in soybeans, and asparagine in potatoes and sweet potatoes. Glutamine was the second most abundant AA in corn grains, peanuts, potatoes, and soybeans, arginine in pistachio nuts, proline in wheat flour, and glutamate in sweet potatoes and white rice. Free AAs represented ≤ 3.1% of total AAs in corn grains, peanuts, pistachio nuts, soybeans, wheat flour and white rice, but 34.4% and 28.5% in potatoes and sweet potatoes, respectively. Asparagine accounted for 32.3%, 17.5%, and 19.4% of total free AAs in potatoes, sweet potatoes, and white rice, respectively. The content of histidine, glycine, lysine, tryptophan, methionine, cysteine, and threonine was relatively low in corn grains, potatoes, sweet potatoes, and white rice. All of the analyzed plant-source foods lacked taurine, creatine, carnosine and anserine (antioxidants that are abundant in meats and also present in milk), and contained little 4-hydroxyproline. Proper proportions of plant- and animal-source products are likely most desirable for optimizing human nutrition and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Hou
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Animal Nutrition and Gut Health, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Wenliang He
- Department of Animal Science and Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Shengdi Hu
- Department of Animal Science and Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science and Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Abstract
“Plant milks” are water-based beverages, such as, extracts from cereals, pseudo-cereals, oil seeds, legumes or fruits. Plant milk consumption is rising in European and North American markets due to problems related to cow milk allergies, intolerances, but also because of vegan diets and sensitivity to environmental issues. There is no specific regulation for these beverages, therefore their composition can vary considerably, even in the same category. The aim of this study is to characterize the main categories of cereal and pseudo-cereal milks on the market by studying the profile of 8 biogenic amines (histamine, serotonin, spermine, spermidine, putrescine, β-phenylethylamine, cadaverine, tyramine) through a RP-HPLC/FD method with a pre-column derivatization. Biogenic amines are ubiquitous compounds, produced by the decarboxylation of the respective amino acids and they have been proposed as quality and safety markers of different foods and beverages. In the analyzed samples, the total biogenic amines content ranged from a minimum of 1.92 mg/L, to a maximum of 9.27 mg/L. The main biogenic amine found in the samples was histamine. The results show a low content of biogenic amines in all types of analyzed products. This ensures the quality and safety of cereal and pseudo-cereal milk samples.
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85
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Park YK, Lee JH, Mah JH. Occurrence and reduction of biogenic amines in traditional Asian fermented soybean foods: A review. Food Chem 2019; 278:1-9. [PMID: 30583348 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Biogenic amines are harmful substances generated during the fermentation process. Regulations on biogenic amine content in fermented foods are currently insufficient in comparison to the popularity of fermented food consumption in Asian countries. The current review evaluated the biogenic amine content of fermented soybean-based Asian foods to determine whether the food products are safe for consumption. Though the reported ranges of biogenic amine content in fermented soybean foods varied widely, most products contained biogenic amine concentrations at potentially hazardous levels. To ensure the safety of fermented soybean food products, further efforts are required in the improvement of the food manufacturing process, as well as the establishment of regulations on managing biogenic amine content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Kyoung Park
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoan Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Mah
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea.
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86
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Soda K. Spermine and gene methylation: a mechanism of lifespan extension induced by polyamine-rich diet. Amino Acids 2019; 52:213-224. [PMID: 31004229 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02733-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The polyamines spermidine and spermine are synthesized in almost all organisms and are also contained in food. Polyamine synthesis decreases with aging, but no significant decrease in polyamine concentrations were found in organs, tissues, and blood of adult animals and humans. We found that healthy dietary patterns were associated with a preference for polyamine-rich foods, and first reported that increased polyamine intake extended the lifespan of mice and decreased the incidence of colon cancer induced by repeated administration of moderate amounts of a carcinogen. Recent investigations have revealed that changes in DNA methylation status play an important role in lifespan and aging-associated pathologies. The methylation of DNA is regulated by DNA methyltransferases in the presence of S-adenosylmethionine. Decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine, converted from S-adenosylmethionine by S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, provides an aminopropyl group to synthesize spermine and spermidine and acts to inhibit DNMT activity. Long-term increased polyamine intake were shown to elevate blood spermine levels in mice and humans. In vitro studies demonstrated that spermine reversed changes induced by the inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase (e.g., increased decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine, decreased DNA methyltransferase activity, increased aberrant DNA methylation), whose activity decreases with aging. Further, aged mice fed high-polyamine chow demonstrated suppression of aberrant DNA methylation and a consequent increase in protein levels of lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1, which plays a pivotal role on inflammatory process. This review discusses the relation between polyamine metabolism and DNA methylation, as well as the biological mechanism of lifespan extension induced by increased polyamine intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniyasu Soda
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847 Amanuma, Omiya, Saitama-City, Saitama, Japan.
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87
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The therapeutic and nutraceutical potential of agmatine, and its enhanced production using Aspergillus oryzae. Amino Acids 2019; 52:181-197. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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88
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Ramos-Molina B, Queipo-Ortuño MI, Lambertos A, Tinahones FJ, Peñafiel R. Dietary and Gut Microbiota Polyamines in Obesity- and Age-Related Diseases. Front Nutr 2019; 6:24. [PMID: 30923709 PMCID: PMC6426781 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are widely distributed polycationic compounds essential for cellular functions. Intracellular polyamine pools are tightly regulated by a complex regulatory mechanism involving de novo biosynthesis, catabolism, and transport across the plasma membrane. In mammals, both the production of polyamines and their uptake from the extracellular space are controlled by a set of proteins named antizymes and antizyme inhibitors. Dysregulation of polyamine levels has been implicated in a variety of human pathologies, especially cancer. Additionally, decreases in the intracellular and circulating polyamine levels during aging have been reported. The differences in the polyamine content existing among tissues are mainly due to the endogenous polyamine metabolism. In addition, a part of the tissue polyamines has its origin in the diet or their production by the intestinal microbiome. Emerging evidence has suggested that exogenous polyamines (either orally administrated or synthetized by the gut microbiota) are able to induce longevity in mice, and that spermidine supplementation exerts cardioprotective effects in animal models. Furthermore, the administration of either spermidine or spermine has been shown to be effective for improving glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity and reducing adiposity and hepatic fat accumulation in diet-induced obesity mouse models. The exogenous addition of agmatine, a cationic molecule produced through arginine decarboxylation by bacteria and plants, also exerts significant effects on glucose metabolism in obese models, as well as cardioprotective effects. In this review, we will discuss some aspects of polyamine metabolism and transport, how diet can affect circulating and local polyamine levels, and how the modulation of either polyamine intake or polyamine production by gut microbiota can be used for potential therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ramos-Molina
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research of Malaga, University and Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Isabel Queipo-Ortuño
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research of Malaga, University and Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Ana Lambertos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research of Malaga, University and Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Peñafiel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
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89
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Fukui T, Soda K, Takao K, Rikiyama T. Extracellular Spermine Activates DNA Methyltransferase 3A and 3B. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1254. [PMID: 30871110 PMCID: PMC6429523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We first demonstrated that long-term increased polyamine (spermine, spermidine, putrescine) intake elevated blood spermine levels in mice and humans, and lifelong consumption of polyamine-rich chow inhibited aging-associated increase in aberrant DNA methylation, inhibited aging-associated pathological changes, and extend lifespan of mouse. Because gene methylation status is closely associated with aging-associated conditions and polyamine metabolism is closely associated with regulation of gene methylation, we investigated the effects of extracellular spermine supplementation on substrate concentrations and enzyme activities involved in gene methylation. Jurkat cells and human mammary epithelial cells were cultured with spermine and/or D,L-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase. Spermine supplementation inhibited enzymatic activities of adenosylmethionine decarboxylase in both cells. The ratio of decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine to S-adenosyl-L-methionine increased by DFMO and decreased by spermine. In Jurkat cells cultured with DFMO, the protein levels of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) 1, 3A and 3B were not changed, however the activity of the three enzymes markedly decreased. The protein levels of these enzymes were not changed by addition of spermine, DNMT 3A and especially 3B were activated. We show that changes in polyamine metabolism dramatically affect substrate concentrations and activities of enzymes involved in gene methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Fukui
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama-city, Saitama 330-8503, Japan.
| | - Kuniyasu Soda
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama-city, Saitama 330-8503, Japan.
| | - Koichi Takao
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Clinical Dietetics & Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan.
| | - Toshiki Rikiyama
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama-city, Saitama 330-8503, Japan.
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90
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Schipke J, Vital M, Schnapper-Isl A, Pieper DH, Mühlfeld C. Spermidine and Voluntary Activity Exert Differential Effects on Sucrose- Compared with Fat-Induced Systemic Changes in Male Mice. J Nutr 2019; 149:451-462. [PMID: 30715385 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess dietary fat and sugar are linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome. Polyamines such as spermidine are implicated in fat accumulation and may support activity-induced weight loss. OBJECTIVE This study tested interventional spermidine supplementation and voluntary activity against fat- and sucrose-induced systemic and gut microbiota changes. METHODS A 3-factorial study design (3 × 2 × 2) was used to test the factors diet, activity, and spermidine. Male 6-wk-old C57BL/6N mice were fed a control diet (CD; carbohydrate:protein:fat, 70%:20%:10% of energy; 7% sucrose), a high-fat diet (HFD; carbohydrate:protein:fat, 20%:20%:60% of energy; 7% sucrose), or a high-sucrose diet (HSD; carbohydrate:protein:fat, 70%:20%:10% of energy; 35% sucrose). Diet groups were left untreated (+0) or had unlimited access to running wheels (+A) or were supplemented with 3 mM spermidine via drinking water (+S) or a combination of both (+A+S) for 30 wk (n = 7-10). RESULTS In comparison to the CD, the HFD enhanced body weights (by 36%, P < 0.001), plasma lipids (cholesterol by 24%, P < 0.001; triglycerides by 27%, P = 0.004), and glucose concentrations (by 18%, P < 0.001), whereas the HSD increased weight by 13% (P < 0.001) and fasting glucose by 17% (P < 0.001) but did not increase plasma lipids. Microbiota taxonomic composition changed upon the HFD and HSD (both P < 0.001); however, only the HSD increased microbial diversity (P < 0.001) compared with the CD. Activity influenced microbiota composition (P < 0.01) and reduced glucose concentrations in HSD-fed (P = 0.021) and HFD-fed (P < 0.001) mice compared with nonactive mice. The combination of activity and spermidine affected energy intake (P-interaction = 0.037) and reduced body weights of HSD+A+S mice compared with HSD+0 mice (P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS In male C57BL/6N mice, dietary sucrose and fat caused diverse metabolic and microbiota changes that were differentially susceptible to physical exercise. Spermidine has the potential to augment activity-induced beneficial effects, particularly for sucrose-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schipke
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Marius Vital
- Microbial Interactions and Processes, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anke Schnapper-Isl
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany
| | - Dietmar H Pieper
- Microbial Interactions and Processes, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christian Mühlfeld
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
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91
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Biogenic Amines in Plant-Origin Foods: Are They Frequently Underestimated in Low-Histamine Diets? Foods 2018; 7:foods7120205. [PMID: 30558197 PMCID: PMC6306728 DOI: 10.3390/foods7120205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-histamine diets are currently used to reduce symptoms of histamine intolerance, a disorder in histamine homeostasis that increases plasma levels, mainly due to reduced diamine-oxidase (DAO) activity. These diets exclude foods, many of them of plant origin, which patients associate with the onset of the symptomatology. This study aimed to review the existing data on histamine and other biogenic amine contents in nonfermented plant-origin foods, as well as on their origin and evolution during the storage or culinary process. The only plant-origin products with significant levels of histamine were eggplant, spinach, tomato, and avocado, each showing a great variability in content. Putrescine has been found in practically all plant-origin foods, probably due to its physiological origin. The high contents of putrescine in certain products could also be related to the triggering of the symptomatology by enzymatic competition with histamine. Additionally, high spermidine contents found in some foods should also be taken into account in these diets, because it can also be metabolized by DAO, albeit with a lower affinity. It is recommended to consume plant-origin foods that are boiled or are of maximum freshness to reduce biogenic amine intake.
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92
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Polyamines stimulate the CHSY1 synthesis through the unfolding of the RNA G-quadruplex at the 5'-untraslated region. Biochem J 2018; 475:3797-3812. [PMID: 30401686 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), a group of structurally related acidic polysaccharides, are primarily found as glycan moieties of proteoglycans (PGs). Among these, chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate, side chains of PGs, are widely distributed in animal kingdom and show structural variations, such as sulfation patterns and degree of epimerization, which are responsible for their physiological functions through interactions with growth factors, chemokines and adhesion molecules. However, structural changes in CS, particularly the ratio of 4-O-sulfation to 6-O-sulfation (4S/6S) and CS chain length that occur during the aging process, are not fully understood. We found that 4S/6S ratio and molecular weight of CS were decreased in polyamine-depleted cells. In addition, decreased levels of chondroitin synthase 1 (CHSY1) and chondroitin 4-O-sulfotransferase 2 proteins were also observed on polyamine depletion. Interestingly, the translation initiation of CHSY1 was suppressed by a highly structured sequence (positions -202 to -117 relative to the initiation codon) containing RNA G-quadruplex (G4) structures in 5'-untranslated region. The formation of the G4s was influenced by the neighboring sequences to the G4s and polyamine stimulation of CHSY1 synthesis disappeared when the formation of the G4s was inhibited by site-directed mutagenesis. These results suggest that the destabilization of G4 structures by polyamines stimulates CHSY1 synthesis and, at least in part, contribute to the maturation of CS chains.
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93
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Can peri-ovulatory putrescine supplementation improve egg quality in older infertile women? J Assist Reprod Genet 2018; 36:395-402. [PMID: 30467617 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1327-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging-related decline in fertility is an increasingly pressing medical and economic issue in modern society where women are delaying family building. Increasingly sophisticated, costly, and often increasingly invasive, assisted reproductive clinical protocols and laboratory technologies (ART) have helped many older women achieve their reproductive goals. Current ART procedures have not been able to address the fundamental problem of oocyte aging, the increased rate of egg aneuploidy, and the decline of developmental potential of the eggs. Oocyte maturation, which is triggered by luteinizing hormone (LH) in vivo or by injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in an in vitro fertilization (IVF) clinic, is the critical stage at which the majority of egg aneuploidies arise and when much of an egg's developmental potential is established. Our proposed strategy focuses on improving egg quality in older women by restoring a robust oocyte maturation process. We have identified putrescine deficiency as one of the causes of poor egg quality in an aged mouse model. Putrescine is a biogenic polyamine naturally produced in peri-ovulatory ovaries. Peri-ovulatory putrescine supplementation has reduced egg aneuploidy, improved embryo quality, and reduced miscarriage rates in aged mice. In this paper, we review the literature on putrescine, its occurrence and physiology in living organisms, and its unique role in oocyte maturation. Preliminary human data demonstrates that there is a maternal aging-related deficiency in ovarian ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the enzyme responsible for putrescine production. We argue that peri-ovulatory putrescine supplementation holds great promise as a natural and effective therapy for infertility in women of advanced maternal age, applicable in natural conception and in combination with current ART therapies.
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94
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Soda K. Polyamine Metabolism and Gene Methylation in Conjunction with One-Carbon Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3106. [PMID: 30309036 PMCID: PMC6213949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent investigations have revealed that changes in DNA methylation status play an important role in aging-associated pathologies and lifespan. The methylation of DNA is regulated by DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b) in the presence of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), which serves as a methyl group donor. Increased availability of SAM enhances DNMT activity, while its metabolites, S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine (SAH) and decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine (dcSAM), act to inhibit DNMT activity. SAH, which is converted from SAM by adding a methyl group to cytosine residues in DNA, is an intermediate precursor of homocysteine. dcSAM, converted from SAM by the enzymatic activity of adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, provides an aminopropyl group to synthesize the polyamines spermine and spermidine. Increased homocysteine levels are a significant risk factor for the development of a wide range of conditions, including cardiovascular diseases. However, successful homocysteine-lowering treatment by vitamins (B6, B12, and folate) failed to improve these conditions. Long-term increased polyamine intake elevated blood spermine levels and inhibited aging-associated pathologies in mice and humans. Spermine reversed changes (increased dcSAM, decreased DNMT activity, aberrant DNA methylation, and proinflammatory status) induced by the inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase. The relation between polyamine metabolism, one-carbon metabolism, DNA methylation, and the biological mechanism of spermine-induced lifespan extension is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniyasu Soda
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847 Amanuma, Omiya, Saitama-city, Saitama Prefecture 330-8503, Japan.
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95
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Yang X, Nakamoto M, Shuto E, Hata A, Aki N, Shikama Y, Bando Y, Ichihara T, Minamigawa T, Kuwamura Y, Tamura A, Uemura H, Arisawa K, Funaki M, Sakai T. Associations between intake of dietary fermented soy food and concentrations of inflammatory markers: a cross-sectional study in Japanese workers. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2018; 65:74-80. [PMID: 29593198 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.65.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological investigations have shown that consumption of soybeans or soy foods reduces the risk of the development of cardiovascular disease, cancer and osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to determine the associations between different soy foods and inflammatory markers, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-18, in Japanese workers. The cross-sectional study included 1,426 Japanese workers (1,053 men and 373 women) aged 20 to 64 years. Intake of 12 soy foods was estimated by a validated food frequency questionnaire. Associations of total soy foods, fermented soy food, non-fermented soy food, soy isoflavone with hs-CRP, IL-6, and IL-18 levels were examined by general linear model regression analysis. We found that total fermented soy food intake was inversely associated with multivariable-adjusted geometric concentration of IL-6 in men (Q1:1.03 pg/mL, Q5:0.94 pg /mL;P for trend = 0.031). Furthermore, it was shown that IL-6 concentrations were inversely associated with miso intake (β = -0.068;p = 0.034) and soy sauce intake in men (β = -0.074;p = 0.018). This study suggests that intake of total fermented soy food, miso and soy sauce be associated with IL-6 concentrations in Japanese men. J. Med. Invest. 65:74-80, February, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Yang
- Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University of Graduate School
| | - Mariko Nakamoto
- Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University of Graduate School
| | - Emi Shuto
- Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University of Graduate School
| | - Akiko Hata
- Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Tokushima University Hospital
| | - Nanako Aki
- Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Tokushima University Hospital
| | - Yosuke Shikama
- Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Tokushima University Hospital
| | - Yukiko Bando
- Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Tokushima University Hospital
| | - Takako Ichihara
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University
| | - Takako Minamigawa
- Department of Nursing Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University of Graduate School
| | - Yumi Kuwamura
- Department of Nursing Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University of Graduate School
| | - Ayako Tamura
- Department of Nursing Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University of Graduate School
| | - Hirokazu Uemura
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University of Graduate School
| | - Kokichi Arisawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University of Graduate School
| | - Makoto Funaki
- Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Tokushima University Hospital
| | - Tohru Sakai
- Department of Public Health and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University of Graduate School
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96
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Nakamura A, Ooga T, Matsumoto M. Intestinal luminal putrescine is produced by collective biosynthetic pathways of the commensal microbiome. Gut Microbes 2018; 10:159-171. [PMID: 30183487 PMCID: PMC6546329 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2018.1494466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome produces various metabolites that may harm or benefit the host. However, the production pathways of these metabolites have not been well characterised. The polyamines putrescine and spermidine required for physiological process are also produced by intestinal microbiome. The production and release of these polyamines by microbiome are poorly understood, though we have confirmed that intestinal bacteria produced putrescine from arginine. In this study, we characterised polyamine synthesis by analysing the collective metabolic functions of the intestinal microbiome. In particular, we analysed polyamines and their intermediates in faecal cultures, as well as the colonic contents of rats injected with isotope-labelled arginine through a colon catheter, using mass spectrometry. Isotope-labelled putrescine was detected in faecal cultures and colonic contents of rats injected with isotope-labelled arginine. Putrescine is produced through multiple pathways, and its extracellular intermediates are exchanged between bacterial species. Additionally, we demonstrated that the collective metabolic pathway depends on a complex exchange of metabolites released into the colonic lumen. This study demonstrates the existence of putrescine biosynthetic pathways based on the collective metabolic functions of the intestinal microbial community. Our findings provide knowledge to manipulate the levels of intestinal microbial products, including polyamines, that may modulate host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuo Nakamura
- Dairy Science and Technology Institute, Kyodo Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takushi Ooga
- Human Metabolome Technologies Inc., Yamagata, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Matsumoto
- Dairy Science and Technology Institute, Kyodo Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan,CONTACT Mitsuharu Matsumoto Dairy Science and Technology Institute, Kyodo Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 20-1 Hirai, Hinode, Nishitama 190-0182, Tokyo, Japan
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97
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Uncovering Natural Longevity Alleles from Intercrossed Pools of Aging Fission Yeast Cells. Genetics 2018; 210:733-744. [PMID: 30072377 PMCID: PMC6216586 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.301262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronological lifespan of non-dividing yeast cells is a quantitative trait that reflects cellular aging. By monitoring allele frequencies in aging segregant pools, Ellis et al. uncover regulatory variants in the 5'-untranslated regions of two genes... Quantitative traits often show large variation caused by multiple genetic factors . One such trait is the chronological lifespan of non-dividing yeast cells, serving as a model for cellular aging. Screens for genetic factors involved in aging typically assay mutants of protein-coding genes. To identify natural genetic variants contributing to cellular aging, we exploited two strains of the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, that differ in chronological lifespan. We generated segregant pools from these strains and subjected them to advanced intercrossing over multiple generations to break up linkage groups. We chronologically aged the intercrossed segregant pool, followed by genome sequencing at different times to detect genetic variants that became reproducibly enriched as a function of age. A region on Chromosome II showed strong positive selection during aging. Based on expected functions, two candidate variants from this region in the long-lived strain were most promising to be causal: small insertions and deletions in the 5′-untranslated regions of ppk31 and SPBC409.08. Ppk31 is an ortholog of Rim15, a conserved kinase controlling cell proliferation in response to nutrients, while SPBC409.08 is a predicted spermine transmembrane transporter. Both Rim15 and the spermine-precursor, spermidine, are implicated in aging as they are involved in autophagy-dependent lifespan extension. Single and double allele replacement suggests that both variants, alone or combined, have subtle effects on cellular longevity. Furthermore, deletion mutants of both ppk31 and SPBC409.08 rescued growth defects caused by spermidine. We propose that Ppk31 and SPBC409.08 may function together to modulate lifespan, thus linking Rim15/Ppk31 with spermidine metabolism.
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98
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Kiechl S, Pechlaner R, Willeit P, Notdurfter M, Paulweber B, Willeit K, Werner P, Ruckenstuhl C, Iglseder B, Weger S, Mairhofer B, Gartner M, Kedenko L, Chmelikova M, Stekovic S, Stuppner H, Oberhollenzer F, Kroemer G, Mayr M, Eisenberg T, Tilg H, Madeo F, Willeit J. Higher spermidine intake is linked to lower mortality: a prospective population-based study. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:371-380. [PMID: 29955838 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spermidine administration is linked to increased survival in several animal models. Objective The aim of this study was to test the potential association between spermidine content in diet and mortality in humans. Design This prospective community-based cohort study included 829 participants aged 45-84 y, 49.9% of whom were male. Diet was assessed by repeated dietitian-administered validated food-frequency questionnaires (2540 assessments) in 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010. During follow-up between 1995 and 2015, 341 deaths occurred. Results All-cause mortality (deaths per 1000 person-years) decreased across thirds of increasing spermidine intake from 40.5 (95% CI: 36.1, 44.7) to 23.7 (95% CI: 20.0, 27.0) and 15.1 (95% CI: 12.6, 17.8), corresponding to an age-, sex- and caloric intake-adjusted 20-y cumulative mortality incidence of 0.48 (95% CI: 0.45, 0.51), 0.41 (95% CI: 0.38, 0.45), and 0.38 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.41), respectively. The age-, sex- and caloric ratio-adjusted HR for all-cause death per 1-SD higher spermidine intake was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.83; P < 0.001). Further adjustment for lifestyle factors, established predictors of mortality, and other dietary features yielded an HR of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.67, 0.86; P < 0.001). The association was consistent in subgroups, robust against unmeasured confounding, and independently validated in the Salzburg Atherosclerosis Prevention Program in Subjects at High Individual Risk (SAPHIR) Study (age-, sex-, and caloric ratio-adjusted HR per 1-SD higher spermidine intake: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.53, 0.95; P = 0.019). The difference in mortality risk between the top and bottom third of spermidine intakes was similar to that associated with a 5.7-y (95% CI: 3.6, 8.1 y) younger age. Conclusion Our findings lend epidemiologic support to the concept that nutrition rich in spermidine is linked to increased survival in humans. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03378843.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kiechl
- Departments of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Raimund Pechlaner
- Departments of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,King's British Heart Foundation Center, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Willeit
- Departments of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,King's British Heart Foundation Center, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Bernhard Paulweber
- First Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Karin Willeit
- Departments of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Philipp Werner
- Department of Acute Neurology and Stroke, Feldkirch Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Christoph Ruckenstuhl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernhard Iglseder
- First Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Siegfried Weger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bruneck Hospital, Bruneck, Italy
| | | | - Markus Gartner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bruneck Hospital, Bruneck, Italy
| | - Ludmilla Kedenko
- First Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Monika Chmelikova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Slaven Stekovic
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy.,Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Cell Biology and Metabolomics Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Villejuif, France.,Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, U1138, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Center, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias Eisenberg
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Departments of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Johann Willeit
- Departments of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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99
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Endogenous and food-derived polyamines: determination by electrochemical sensing. Amino Acids 2018; 50:1187-1203. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2617-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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100
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Del Rio B, Redruello B, Linares DM, Ladero V, Ruas-Madiedo P, Fernandez M, Martin MC, Alvarez MA. Spermine and spermidine are cytotoxic towards intestinal cell cultures, but are they a health hazard at concentrations found in foods? Food Chem 2018; 269:321-326. [PMID: 30100441 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Spermine and spermidine are polyamines (PA) naturally present in all organisms, in which they have important physiological functions. However, an excess of PA has been associated with health risks. PA accumulates at quite high concentrations in some foods, but a quantitative assessment of the risk they pose has been lacking. In the present work, the cytotoxicity of spermine and spermidine was evaluated using an in vitro human intestinal cell model, and employing real-time cell analysis. Both spermine and spermidine showed a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect towards the cultured cells, with necrosis the mode of action of spermidine and perhaps also that of spermine. Spermine was more cytotoxic than spermidine, but for both PA the concentrations found to be toxic were above the maximum at which they have been found in food. The present results do not, therefore, support the idea that spermine or spermidine in food is harmful to healthy people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Del Rio
- Dairy Research Institute, IPLA-CSIC, Paseo Rio Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain.
| | - Begoña Redruello
- Dairy Research Institute, IPLA-CSIC, Paseo Rio Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain.
| | - Daniel M Linares
- Dairy Research Institute, IPLA-CSIC, Paseo Rio Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain.
| | - Victor Ladero
- Dairy Research Institute, IPLA-CSIC, Paseo Rio Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain.
| | - Patricia Ruas-Madiedo
- Dairy Research Institute, IPLA-CSIC, Paseo Rio Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain.
| | - Maria Fernandez
- Dairy Research Institute, IPLA-CSIC, Paseo Rio Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain.
| | - M Cruz Martin
- Dairy Research Institute, IPLA-CSIC, Paseo Rio Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain.
| | - Miguel A Alvarez
- Dairy Research Institute, IPLA-CSIC, Paseo Rio Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain.
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