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Hu Z, Marti J. In Silico Drug Design of Benzothiadiazine Derivatives Interacting with Phospholipid Cell Membranes. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12030331. [PMID: 35323806 PMCID: PMC8949146 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12030331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of drugs derived from benzothiadiazine, a bicyclic heterocyclic benzene derivative, has become a widespread treatment for diseases such as hypertension, low blood sugar or the human immunodeficiency virus, among others. In this work we have investigated the interactions of benzothiadiazine and four of its derivatives designed in silico with model zwitterionic cell membranes formed by dioleoylphosphatidylcholine, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine and cholesterol at the liquid–crystal phase inside aqueous potassium chloride solution. We have elucidated the local structure of benzothiadiazine by means of microsecond molecular dynamics simulations of systems including a benzothiadiazine molecule or one of its derivatives. Such derivatives were obtained by the substitution of a single hydrogen site of benzothiadiazine by two different classes of chemical groups, one of them electron-donating groups (methyl and ethyl) and another one by electron-accepting groups (fluorine and trifluoromethyl). Our data have revealed that benzothiadiazine derivatives have a strong affinity to stay at the cell membrane interface although their solvation characteristics can vary significantly—they can be fully solvated by water in short periods of time or continuously attached to specific lipid sites during intervals of 10–70 ns. Furthermore, benzothiadiazines are able to bind lipids and cholesterol chains by means of single and double hydrogen-bonds of characteristic lengths between 1.6 and 2.1 Å.
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52
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Lu H, Martí J. Predicting the conformational variability of oncogenic GTP-bound G12D mutated KRas-4B proteins at zwitterionic model cell membranes. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:3148-3158. [PMID: 35142321 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07622a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
KRas proteins are the largest family of mutated Ras isoforms, participating in a wide variety of cancers. Due to their importance, large effort is being carried out on drug development by small-molecule inhibitors. However, understanding protein conformational variability remains a challenge in drug discovery. In the case of the Ras family, their multiple conformational states can affect the binding of potential drug inhibitors. To overcome this challenge, we propose a computational framework based on combined all-atom Molecular Dynamics and Metadynamics simulations in order to accurately access conformational variants of the target protein. We tested the methodology using a G12D mutated GTP bound oncogenic KRas-4B protein located at the interface of a DOPC/DOPS/cholesterol model anionic cell membrane. Two main orientations of KRas-4B at the anionic membrane have been determined. The corresponding torsional angles are taken as reliable reaction coordinates so that free-energy landscapes are obtained by well-tempered metadynamics simulations, revealing local and global minima of the free-energy hypersurface and unveiling reactive paths of the system between the two preferential orientations. We have observed that GTP-binding to KRas-4B has huge influence on the stabilisation of the protein and it can potentially help to open Switch I/II druggable pockets, lowering energy barriers between stable states and resulting in cumulative conformers of KRas-4B. This may highlight new opportunities for targeting the unique meta-stable states through the design of new efficient drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jordi Martí
- Department of Physics, Polytechnical University of Catalonia-Barcelona Tech, B5-209 Northern Campus, Jordi Girona 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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53
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Karal MAS, Mokta NA, Levadny V, Belaya M, Ahmed M, Ahamed MK, Ahammed S. Effects of cholesterol on the size distribution and bending modulus of lipid vesicles. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263119. [PMID: 35089965 PMCID: PMC8797199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of cholesterol fraction in the membranes of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) on their size distributions and bending moduli has been investigated. The membranes of GUVs were synthesized by a mixture of two elements: electrically neutral lipid 1, 2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and cholesterol and also a mixture of three elements: electrically charged lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1′-rac-glycerol) (DOPG), DOPC and cholesterol. The size distributions of GUVs have been presented by a set of histograms. The classical lognormal distribution is well fitted to the histograms, from where the average size of vesicle is obtained. The increase of cholesterol content in the membranes of GUVs increases the average size of vesicles in the population. Using the framework of Helmholtz free energy of the system, the theory developed by us is extended to explain the experimental results. The theory determines the influence of cholesterol on the bending modulus of membranes from the fitting of the proper histograms. The increase of cholesterol in GUVs increases both the average size of vesicles in population and the bending modulus of membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abu Sayem Karal
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
| | - Nadia Akter Mokta
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Victor Levadny
- Theoretical Problem Center of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Belaya
- Department of Mathematics of Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marzuk Ahmed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Kabir Ahamed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shareef Ahammed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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54
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Orrico F, Lopez AC, Saliwonczyk D, Acosta C, Rodriguez-Grecco I, Mouro-Chanteloup I, Ostuni MA, Denicola A, Thomson L, Möller MN. The permeability of human red blood cell membranes to hydrogen peroxide is independent of aquaporins. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101503. [PMID: 34929164 PMCID: PMC8753180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) not only is an oxidant but also is an important signaling molecule in vascular biology, mediating several physiological functions. Red blood cells (RBCs) have been proposed to be the primary sink of H2O2 in the vasculature because they are the main cellular component of blood with a robust antioxidant defense and a high membrane permeability. However, the exact permeability of human RBC to H2O2 is neither known nor is it known if the mechanism of permeation involves the lipid fraction or protein channels. To gain insight into the permeability process, we measured the partition constant of H2O2 between water and octanol or hexadecane using a novel double-partition method. Our results indicated that there is a large thermodynamic barrier to H2O2 permeation. The permeability coefficient of H2O2 through phospholipid membranes containing cholesterol with saturated or unsaturated acyl chains was determined to be 4 × 10−4 and 5 × 10−3 cm s−1, respectively, at 37 °C. The permeability coefficient of human RBC membranes to H2O2 at 37 °C, on the other hand, was 1.6 × 10−3 cm s−1. Different aquaporin-1 and aquaporin-3 inhibitors proved to have no effect on the permeation of H2O2. Moreover, human RBCs devoid of either aquaporin-1 or aquaporin-3 were equally permeable to H2O2 as normal human RBCs. Therefore, these results indicate that H2O2 does not diffuse into RBCs through aquaporins but rather through the lipid fraction or a still unidentified membrane protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Orrico
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Ana C Lopez
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Daniela Saliwonczyk
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; Departamento de Medicina Transfusional, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República
| | - Cecilia Acosta
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; Departamento de Medicina Transfusional, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República
| | - Ismael Rodriguez-Grecco
- Departamento de Medicina Transfusional, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República
| | - Isabelle Mouro-Chanteloup
- Université de Paris, UMR_S1134, BIGR, Inserm, F-75015 Paris, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Mariano A Ostuni
- Université de Paris, UMR_S1134, BIGR, Inserm, F-75015 Paris, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Ana Denicola
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Leonor Thomson
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay.
| | - Matias N Möller
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay.
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55
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Chen T, Zhang Y, Li X, Li C, Lu T, Xiao S, Liang H. Curvature-Mediated Pair Interactions of Soft Nanoparticles Adhered to a Cell Membrane. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:7850-7861. [PMID: 34865469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The curvature-mediated interactions by cell membranes are crucial in many biological processes. We systematically studied the curvature-mediated wrapping of soft nanoparticles (NPs) by a tensionless membrane and the underlying pair interactions between NPs in determining it. We found that there are three types of wrapping pathways, namely, independence, cooperation, and tubulation. The particle size, adhesion strength, and softness are found to be strongly related with the wrapping mechanism. Reducing the adhesion strength transforms the wrapping pathway from cooperation to independence, while enhancing the NP softness requires a stronger adhesion to achieve the cooperative wrapping. This transformation of the wrapping pathway is controlled by the curvature-mediated interactions between NPs. For either soft or rigid NPs, the pair interactions are repulsive at short-ranged distances between NPs, while at long-ranged distances, a larger adhesion between NPs and a membrane is needed to generate attraction between NPs. Moreover, an enhancement of NP softness weakens the repulsion between NPs. These distinct behaviors of soft NPs are ascribed to the gentler deformation of the membrane at the face-to-face region between NPs due to the flattening and spreading of soft NPs along the membrane, requiring a reduced energy cost for soft NPs to approach each other. Our results provide a mechanistic understanding in detail about the membrane-mediated interactions between NPs and their interactions with cell membranes, which is helpful to understand the curvature-mediated assemblies of adhesive proteins or NPs on membranes, and offer novel possibilities for designing an effective NP-based vehicle for controlled drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongwei Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yunhan Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xuejin Li
- Department of Engineering Mechanics and Center for X-Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Chengxu Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Teng Lu
- Computer Network Information Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Shiyan Xiao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Haojun Liang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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56
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Schönfeldová T, Piller P, Kovacik F, Pabst G, Okur HI, Roke S. Lipid Melting Transitions Involve Structural Redistribution of Interfacial Water. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:12457-12465. [PMID: 34730965 PMCID: PMC8607985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c06868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Morphological and gel-to-liquid phase transitions of lipid membranes are generally considered to primarily depend on the structural motifs in the hydrophobic core of the bilayer. Structural changes in the aqueous headgroup phase are typically not considered, primarily because they are difficult to quantify. Here, we investigate structural changes of the hydration shells around large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) in aqueous solution, using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and temperature-dependent ζ-potential and high-throughput angle-resolved second harmonic scattering measurements (AR-SHS). Varying the lipid composition from 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(DMPC) to 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate (DMPA), to 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-l-serine (DMPS), we observe surprisingly distinct behavior for the different systems that depend on the chemical composition of the hydrated headgroups. These differences involve changes in hydration following temperature-induced counterion redistribution, or changes in hydration following headgroup reorientation and Stern layer compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Schönfeldová
- Laboratory
for Fundamental BioPhotonics (LBP), Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), Institute of Materials
Science (IMX), School of Engineering (STI), and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paulina Piller
- Institute
of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50/III, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Filip Kovacik
- Laboratory
for Fundamental BioPhotonics (LBP), Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), Institute of Materials
Science (IMX), School of Engineering (STI), and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Georg Pabst
- Institute
of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50/III, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Halil I. Okur
- Laboratory
for Fundamental BioPhotonics (LBP), Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), Institute of Materials
Science (IMX), School of Engineering (STI), and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department
of Chemistry and National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sylvie Roke
- Laboratory
for Fundamental BioPhotonics (LBP), Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), Institute of Materials
Science (IMX), School of Engineering (STI), and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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57
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Nagle JF. Measuring the bending modulus of lipid bilayers with cholesterol. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:044405. [PMID: 34781561 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.044405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The effect of cholesterol on the bending modulus of DOPC lipid bilayers has become a controversial topic that has implications for methods of measuring the bending modulus. Recent results using neutron spin echo and nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation methods that involve linear transport properties have conflicted with earlier results from purely equilibrium experiments that do not involve linear transport properties. A general discussion indicates how one can be misled by data obtained by methods that involve linear transport properties. It is then shown specifically how the recent neutron spin echo results can be interpreted to agree with the earlier purely equilibrium experimental results, thereby resolving that conflict. Regarding the nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation method, it is noted that current interpretation of the data is unclear regarding the identity of the modulus that is involved, and an alternative interpretation is explored that does not disagree with the results of the equilibrium experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Nagle
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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58
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Kondrashov OV, Pinigin KV, Akimov SA. Characteristic lengths of transmembrane peptides controlling their tilt and lateral distribution between membrane domains. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:044411. [PMID: 34781459 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.044411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Lipids and proteins of plasma membranes of eukaryotic cells are supposed to form protein-lipid domains, characterized by a different molecular order, bilayer thickness, and elastic parameters. Several mechanisms of preferable distribution of transmembrane proteins to the ordered or disordered membrane domains have been revealed. The mismatch between the length of the protein transmembrane domain and hydrophobic thickness of the lipid bilayer is considered to be an important driving force of protein lateral sorting. Utilizing the continuum theory of elasticity, we analyzed optimal configurations and preferable membrane domains for single-pass transmembrane peptides of various hydrophobic lengths and effective molecular shapes. We obtained that short transmembrane peptides stand perpendicularly to the membrane plane. The exceedance of a certain characteristic length leads to the tilt of the peptide. This length depends on the bilayer thickness. Thus, in the membrane with coexisting ordered (thicker) and disordered (thinner) phases tilting of the peptide in each phase is governed by its individual characteristic length. The lateral distribution of the peptides between ordered and disordered membrane domains is shown to be described by two additional characteristic lengths. The exceedance of the smaller one drives the peptide towards a more ordered and thicker membrane, while the exceedance of the larger characteristic length switches the preferable membrane domain from ordered and thicker to disordered and thinner. Thus, membrane proteins with long enough transmembrane domains are predicted to accumulate in the thinner disordered membrane as compared to the thicker ordered bilayer. For hourglass-like and barrel-like shaped transmembrane peptides the specific regime of sorting was obtained: the peptides distributed almost equally between the phases in a wide range of peptide lengths. This finding allowed explaining the experimental data on lateral distribution of transmembrane peptide tLAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V Kondrashov
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy prospekt, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Konstantin V Pinigin
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy prospekt, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Sergey A Akimov
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy prospekt, Moscow 119071, Russia
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59
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Himbert S, Qadri SM, Sheffield WP, Schubert P, D’Alessandro A, Rheinstädter MC. Blood bank storage of red blood cells increases RBC cytoplasmic membrane order and bending rigidity. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259267. [PMID: 34767588 PMCID: PMC8589153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood banks around the world store blood components for several weeks ensuring its availability for transfusion medicine. Red blood cells (RBCs) are known to undergo compositional changes during storage, which may impact the cells' function and eventually the recipients' health. We extracted the RBC's cytoplasmic membrane (RBCcm) to study the effect of storage on the membranes' molecular structure and bending rigidity by a combination of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray diffuse scattering (XDS) and coarse grained Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. Blood was stored in commercial blood bags for 2 and 5 weeks, respectively and compared to freshly drawn blood. Using mass spectrometry, we measured an increase of fatty acids together with a slight shift towards shorter tail lengths. We observe an increased fraction (6%) of liquid ordered (lo) domains in the RBCcms with storage time, and an increased lipid packing in these domains, leading to an increased membrane thickness and membrane order. The size of both, lo and liquid disordered (ld) lipid domains was found to decrease with increased storage time by up to 25%. XDS experiments reveal a storage dependent increase in the RBCcm's bending modulus κ by a factor of 2.8, from 1.9 kBT to 5.3 kBT. MD simulations were conducted in the absence of proteins. The results show that the membrane composition has a small contribution to the increased bending rigidity and suggests additional protein-driven mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Himbert
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Origins Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Syed M. Qadri
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON, Canada
| | - William P. Sheffield
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Schubert
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Angelo D’Alessandro
- University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Maikel C. Rheinstädter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Origins Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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60
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The impact of TiO 2 nanoparticle exposure on transmembrane cholesterol transport and enhanced bacterial infectivity in HeLa cells. Acta Biomater 2021; 135:606-616. [PMID: 34400307 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that exposure to TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) reduces the resistance of HeLa cells to bacterial infection. Here we demonstrate that the increased infectivity is associated with enhanced asymmetry in the cholesterol distribution. We applied a live cell imaging method which uses tunable orthogonal cholesterol sensors to visualize and quantify in-situ cholesterol distribution between the two leaflets of the plasma membrane (PM). In the control culture, we found marked transbilayer asymmetry of cholesterol, with the concentration in the outer plasma membrane (OPM) being 13 ± 2-fold higher than that in the inner plasma membrane (IPM). Exposure of the culture to 0.1 mg/mL of rutile TiO2 NPs increased the asymmetry such that the concentration in the OPM was 51 ± 10 times higher, while the total cholesterol content increased only 21 ± 2%. This change in cholesterol gradient may explain the increase in bacterial infectivity in HeLa cells exposed to TiO2 NPs since many pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus used in the present study, require cholesterol for proper membrane attachment and virulence. RT-PCR indicated that exposure to TiO2 was responsible for upregulation of the ABCA1 and ABCG1 mRNAs, which are responsible for the production of the cholesterol transporter proteins that facilitate cholesterol transport across cellular membranes. This was confirmed by the observation of an overall decrease in bacterial infection in ABCA1 knockout or methyl-β-cyclodextrin-treated HeLa cells, as regardless of TiO2 NP exposure. Hence rather than preventing bacterial infection, TiO2 nanoparticles upregulate genes associated with membrane cholesterol production and distribution, hence increasing infectivity. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: A great deal of work has been done regarding the toxicology of the particles, especially focusing on detrimental outcomes associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In this paper we show unambiguously a very surprising result, namely the ability of these particles to enhance bacterial infection even at very small exposure levels, where none of the deleterious effects of ROS products can yet be detected. Using a new imaging technique, we are able to demonstrate, in operando, the effect of the particles on cholesterol generation and distribution in live HeLa cells. This paper also represents the first in a series where we explore other consequences of increased membrane cholesterol, due to particle exposure, which are known to have multiple other consequences on human tissue function and development.
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61
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Hu Z, Martí J, Lu H. Structure of benzothiadiazine at zwitterionic phospholipid cell membranes. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:154303. [PMID: 34686044 DOI: 10.1063/5.0065163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of drugs derived from benzothiadiazine, which is a bicyclic heterocyclic benzene derivative, has become a widespread treatment for diseases such as hypertension (treated with diuretics such as bendroflumethiazide or chlorothiazide), low blood sugar (treated with non-diuretic diazoxide), or the human immunodeficiency virus, among others. In this work, we have investigated the interactions of benzothiadiazine with the basic components of cell membranes and solvents, such as phospholipids, cholesterol, ions, and water. The analysis of the mutual microscopic interactions is of central importance to elucidate the local structure of benzothiadiazine as well as the mechanisms responsible for the access of benzothiadiazine to the interior of the cell. We have performed molecular dynamics simulations of benzothiadiazine embedded in three different model zwitterionic bilayer membranes made by dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, dioleoylphosphatidylcholine, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine, and cholesterol inside aqueous sodium-chloride solution in order to systematically examine microscopic interactions of benzothiadiazine with the cell membrane at liquid-crystalline phase conditions. From data obtained through radial distribution functions, hydrogen-bonding lengths, and potentials of mean force based on reversible work calculations, we have observed that benzothiadiazine has a strong affinity to stay at the cell membrane interface although it can be fully solvated by water in short periods of time. Furthermore, benzothiadiazine is able to bind lipids and cholesterol chains by means of single and double hydrogen-bonds of different characteristic lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyao Hu
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Catalonia-Barcelona Tech, B5-209 Northern Campus UPC, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Martí
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Catalonia-Barcelona Tech, B5-209 Northern Campus UPC, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Huixia Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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Pinigin KV, Galimzyanov TR, Akimov SA. Amphipathic Peptides Impede Lipid Domain Fusion in Phase-Separated Membranes. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11110797. [PMID: 34832026 PMCID: PMC8618981 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11110797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell membranes are heterogeneous in lipid composition which leads to the phase separation with the formation of nanoscopic liquid-ordered domains, also called rafts. There are multiple cell processes whereby the clustering of these domains into a larger one might be involved, which is responsible for such important processes as signal transduction, polarized sorting, or immune response. Currently, antimicrobial amphipathic peptides are considered promising antimicrobial, antiviral, and anticancer therapeutic agents. Here, within the framework of the classical theory of elasticity adapted for lipid membranes, we investigate how the presence of the peptides in a phase-separated membrane influences the fusion of the domains. We show that the peptides tend to occupy the boundaries of liquid-ordered domains and significantly increase the energy barrier of the domain-domain fusion, which might lead to misregulation of raft clustering and adverse consequences for normal cell processes.
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63
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Application of Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation for Characterizing the Size and Drug Release Kinetics of Theranostic Lipid Nanovesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910456. [PMID: 34638795 PMCID: PMC8508677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposome size and in vitro release of the active substance belong to critical quality attributes of liposomal carriers. Here, we apply asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) to characterize theranostic liposomes prepared by thin lipid film hydration/extrusion or microfluidics. The vesicles' size was derived from multi-angle laser light scattering following fractionation (AF4) and compared to sizes derived from dynamic light scattering measurements. Additionally, we adapted a previously developed AF4 method to study zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) release/transfer from theranostic liposomes. To this end, theranostic liposomes were incubated with large acceptor liposomes serving as a sink (mimicking biological sinks) and were subsequently separated by AF4. During incubation, ZnPc was transferred from donor to acceptor fraction until reaching equilibrium. The process followed first-order kinetics with half-lives between 119.5-277.3 min, depending on the formulation. The release mechanism was postulated to represent a combination of Fickian diffusion and liposome relaxation. The rate constant of the transfer was proportional to the liposome size and inversely proportional to the ZnPc/POPC molar ratio. Our results confirm the usefulness of AF4 based method to study in vitro release/transfer of lipophilic payload, which may be useful to estimate the unwanted loss of drug from the liposomal carrier in vivo.
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64
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Canepa E, Bochicchio D, Gasbarri M, Odino D, Canale C, Ferrando R, Canepa F, Stellacci F, Rossi G, Dante S, Relini A. Cholesterol Hinders the Passive Uptake of Amphiphilic Nanoparticles into Fluid Lipid Membranes. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8583-8590. [PMID: 34468146 PMCID: PMC8436204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membranes represent pharmacokinetic barriers for the passive transport of site-specific drugs within cells. When engineered nanoparticles (NPs) are considered as transmembrane drug carriers, the plasma membrane composition can affect passive NP internalization in many ways. Among these, cholesterol-regulated membrane fluidity is probably one of the most biologically relevant. Herein, we consider small (2-5 nm in core diameter) amphiphilic gold NPs capable of spontaneously and nondisruptively entering the lipid bilayer of plasma membranes. We study their incorporation into model 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine membranes with increasing cholesterol content. We combine dissipative quartz crystal microbalance experiments, atomic force microscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations to show that membrane cholesterol, at biologically relevant concentrations, hinders the molecular mechanism for passive NP penetration within fluid bilayers, resulting in a dramatic reduction in the amount of NP incorporated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Canepa
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Genoa, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy
- Materials
Characterization Facility, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
- Department
of Physics, University of Genoa, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Davide Bochicchio
- Department
of Physics, University of Genoa, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Gasbarri
- Institute
of Materials, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, Route Cantonale, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Davide Odino
- Department
of Physics, University of Genoa, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudio Canale
- Department
of Physics, University of Genoa, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ferrando
- Department
of Physics, University of Genoa, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabio Canepa
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Genoa, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Institute
of Materials, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, Route Cantonale, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Rossi
- Department
of Physics, University of Genoa, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Dante
- Materials
Characterization Facility, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Annalisa Relini
- Department
of Physics, University of Genoa, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
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65
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The Elucidation of the Molecular Mechanism of the Extrusion Process. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14154278. [PMID: 34361472 PMCID: PMC8348501 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Extrusion is a popular method for producing homogenous population of unilamellar liposomes. The technique relies on forcing a lipid suspension through cylindrical pores in a polycarbonate membrane. The quantification of the extrusion and/or recalibration processes make possible the acquisition of experimental data, which can be correlated with the mechanical properties of the lipid bilayer. In this work, the force needed for the extrusion process was correlated with the mechanical properties of a lipid bilayer derived from other experiments. Measurements were performed using a home-made dedicated device capable of maintaining a stable volumetric flux of a liposome suspension through well-defined pores and to continuously measure the extrusion force. Based on the obtained results, the correlation between the lipid bilayer bending rigidity and extrusion force was derived. Specifically, it was found that the bending rigidity of liposomes formed from well-defined lipid mixtures agrees with data obtained by others using flicker-noise spectroscopy or micromanipulation. The other issue addressed in the presented studies was the identification of molecular mechanisms leading to the formation of unilamellar vesicles in the extrusion process. Finally, it was demonstrated that during the extrusion, lipids are not exchanged between vesicles, i.e., vesicles can divide but no membrane fusion or lipid exchange between bilayers was detected.
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Abstract
Cell membranes - primarily composed of lipids, sterols, and proteins - form a dynamic interface between living cells and their environment. They act as a mechanical barrier around the cell while selectively facilitating material transport, signal transduction, and various other functions necessary for the cell viability. The complex functionality of cell membranes and the hierarchical motions and responses they exhibit demand a thorough understanding of the origin of different membrane dynamics and how they are influenced by molecular additives and environmental cues. These dynamic modes include single-molecule diffusion, thermal fluctuations, and large-scale membrane deformations, to name a few. This review highlights advances in investigating structure-driven dynamics associated with model cell membranes, with a particular focus on insights gained from neutron scattering and spectroscopy experiments. We discuss the uniqueness of neutron contrast variation and its remarkable potential in probing selective membrane structure and dynamics on spatial and temporal scales over which key biological functions occur. We also present a summary of current and future opportunities in synergistic combinations of neutron scattering with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to gain further understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying complex membrane functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Gupta
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. and Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Rana Ashkar
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. and Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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67
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Pattnaik GP, Chakraborty H. Cholesterol: A key player in membrane fusion that modulates the efficacy of fusion inhibitor peptides. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 117:133-155. [PMID: 34420578 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of cholesterol with the neighboring lipids modulates several physical properties of the membrane. Mostly, it affects membrane fluidity, membrane permeability, lateral diffusion of lipids, bilayer thickness, and water penetration into the lipid bilayer. Due to the smaller head group to hydrophobic cross-sectional area of the tail, cholesterol induces intrinsic negative curvature to the membrane. The interaction of cholesterol with sphingolipids forms lipid rafts; generates phase separation in the membrane. The cholesterol-dependent modifications of membrane physical properties modulate viral infections by affecting the fusion between viral and host cell membranes. Cholesterol demonstrates a strong impact on the structure, depth of penetration, conformation, and organization of fusion peptides in membrane milieu. Further, cholesterol has been implicated to modify the fusion inhibitory efficiency of peptide-based membrane fusion inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hirak Chakraborty
- School of Chemistry, Sambalpur University, Burla, Odisha, India; Centre of Excellence in Natural Products and Therapeutics, Sambalpur University, Burla, Odisha, India.
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68
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Keller F, Heuer A. Chain ordering of phospholipids in membranes containing cholesterol: what matters? SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:6098-6108. [PMID: 34100059 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00459j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol (CHOL) drives lipid segregation and is thus a key player for the formation of lipid rafts and followingly for the ability of a cell to, e.g., enable selective agglomeration of proteins. The lipid segregation is driven by cholesterol's affinity for saturated lipids, which stands directly in relation to the ability of cholesterol to order the individual phospholipid (PL) acyl chains. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations of DPPC (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, saturated lipid) and DLiPC (dilineoylphosphatidylcholine, unsaturated lipid) mixtures with cholesterol are used to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the cholesterol ordering effect. To this end, all enthalpic contributions, experienced by the PL molecules, are recorded as a function of the PL's acyl chain order. This involves the PL-PL, the PL-cholesterol interaction, the interaction of the PLs with water, and the interleaflet interaction. This systematic analysis allows one to unravel differences of saturated and unsaturated lipids in terms of the different interaction factors. It turns out that cholesterol's impact on chain ordering stems not only from direct interactions with the PLs but is also indirectly present in the other energy contributions. Furthermore, the analysis sheds light on the relevance of the entropic contributions, related to the degrees of freedom of the acyl chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Keller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Andreas Heuer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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69
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Caselli L, Ridolfi A, Cardellini J, Sharpnack L, Paolini L, Brucale M, Valle F, Montis C, Bergese P, Berti D. A plasmon-based nanoruler to probe the mechanical properties of synthetic and biogenic nanosized lipid vesicles. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:543-550. [PMID: 33870976 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00012h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanosized lipid vesicles are ubiquitous in living systems (e.g. cellular compartments or extracellular vesicles, EVs) and in formulations for nanomedicine (e.g. liposomes for RNA vaccine formulations). The mechanical properties of such vesicles are crucial in several physicochemical and biological processes, ranging from cellular uptake to stability in aerosols. However, their accurate determination remains challenging and requires sophisticated instruments and data analysis. Here we report the first evidence that the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of citrated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) adsorbed on synthetic vesicles is finely sensitive to the vesicles' mechanical properties. We then leverage this finding to show that the SPR tracking provides quantitative access to the stiffness of vesicles of synthetic and natural origin, such as EVs. The demonstration of this plasmon-based "stiffness nanoruler" paves the way for developing a facile, cost-effective and high-throughput method to assay the mechanical properties of dispersions of vesicles of nanometric size and unknown composition at a collective level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucrezia Caselli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy.
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70
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Kelley EG, Butler PD, Nagao M. Collective dynamics in lipid membranes containing transmembrane peptides. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:5671-5681. [PMID: 33942045 PMCID: PMC10466476 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00314c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biological membranes are composed of complex mixtures of lipids and proteins that influence each other's structure and function. The biological activities of many channel-forming peptides and proteins are known to depend on the material properties of the surrounding lipid bilayer. However, less is known about how membrane-spanning channels affect the lipid bilayer properties, and in particular, their collective fluctuation dynamics. Here we use neutron spin echo spectroscopy (NSE) to measure the collective bending and thickness fluctuation dynamics in dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (di 14 : 0 PC, DMPC) lipid membranes containing two different antimicrobial peptides, alamethicin (Ala) and gramicidin (gD). Ala and gD are both well-studied antimicrobial peptides that form oligomeric membrane-spanning channels with different structures. At low concentrations, the peptides did not have a measurable effect on the average bilayer structure, yet significantly changed the collective membrane dynamics. Despite both peptides forming transmembrane channels, they had opposite effects on the relaxation time of the collective bending fluctuations and associated effective bending modulus, where gD addition stiffened the membrane while Ala addition softened the membrane. Meanwhile, the lowest gD concentrations enhanced the collective thickness fluctuation dynamics, while the higher gD concentrations and all studied Ala concentrations dampened these dynamics. The results highlight the synergy between lipids and proteins in determining the collective membrane dynamics and that not all peptides can be universally treated as rigid bodies when considering their effects on the lipid bilayer fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Kelley
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
| | - Paul D Butler
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA. and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA and Department of Chemistry, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Michihiro Nagao
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA. and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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71
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72
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How to Achieve High Encapsulation Efficiencies for Macromolecular and Sensitive APIs in Liposomes. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050691. [PMID: 34064746 PMCID: PMC8150985 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This research highlights the capacity of a newly introduced centrifugation process to form liposomes from water-in-fluorocarbon nano-emulsions stabilized with phospholipids to incorporate macromolecular and sensitive active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). The encapsulation efficiency of the produced liposomes, incorporating fluorescein-sodium, bovine serum albumin and fluorecein isothiocyanate dextran as model APIs, is determined by applying Vivaspin® centrifugation filtration and quantified by UV-Vis spectroscopy. It was found that higher densities of the fluorocarbons used as the hydrophobic phase enable a higher encapsulation efficiency and that an efficiency of up to 98% is possible depending on the used phospholipid. Among the engineering aspects of the process, a comparison between different membrane substances was performed. Efficiency increases with a higher phospholipid concentration but decreases with the addition of cholesterol. Due to the higher bending modulus, liposome formation is slowed down by cholesterol during liposome closure leading to a greater leakage of the model API. The encapsulation of bovine serum albumin and dextran, both investigated under different osmotic conditions, shows that an efflux negatively affects the encapsulation efficiency while an influx increases the stability. Overall, the process shows the potential for a very high encapsulation efficiency for macromolecules and future pharmaceutical applications.
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73
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Ferreira PS, Victorelli FD, Rodero CF, Fortunato GC, Araújo VHS, Fonseca-Santos B, Bauab TM, Van Dijck P, Chorilli M. p-Coumaric acid loaded into liquid crystalline systems as a novel strategy to the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Int J Pharm 2021; 603:120658. [PMID: 33964336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an extremely common type of vaginal infection, which is mainly caused by Candida albicans. However, non-albicans Candida species are frequently more resistant to conventional antifungal agents and can represent up to 30% of cases. Due to side effects and increasing antifungal resistance presented by standard therapies, phenolic compounds, such as p-coumaric acid (p-CA), have been studied as molecules from natural sources with potential antifungal activity. p-CA is a poorly water-soluble compound, thus loading it into liquid crystals (LCs) may increase its solubility and effectiveness on the vaginal mucosa. Thereby, here we propose the development of mucoadhesive liquid crystalline systems with controlled release of p-CA, for the local treatment of VVC. Developed LCs consisted of fixed oily and aqueous phases (oleic acid and cholesterol (5:1) and poloxamer dispersion 16%, respectively), changing only the surfactant phase components (triethanolamine oleate (TEA-Oleate) or triethanolamine (TEA), the latter producing TEA-Oleate molecules when mixed with oleic acid). Systems were also diluted in artificial vaginal mucus (1:1 ratio) to mimic the vaginal environment and verify possible structural changes on formulations upon exposure to the mucosa. From the characterization assays, p-CA loaded TEA-Oleate systems presented mucoadhesive profile, liquid crystalline mesophases, well-organized structures and pseudoplastic behaviour, which are desirable parameters for topical formulations. Moreover, they were able to control the release of p-CA throughout the 12 h assay, as well as decrease its permeation into the vaginal mucosa. p-CA showed antifungal activity in vitro against reference strains of C. albicans (SC5314), C. glabrata (ATCC 2001) and C. krusei (ATCC 6258), and exhibited higher eradication of mature biofilms than amphotericin B and fluconazole. In vivo experiments demonstrated that the formulations reduced the presence of filamentous forms in the vaginal lavages and provided an improvement in swelling and redness present in the mice vaginal regions. Altogether, here we demonstrated the potential and feasibility of using p-CA loaded liquid crystalline systems as a mucoadhesive drug delivery system for topical treatment of VVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Ferreira
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - F D Victorelli
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C F Rodero
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G C Fortunato
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V H S Araújo
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - B Fonseca-Santos
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T M Bauab
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P Van Dijck
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Flanders, Belgium
| | - M Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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74
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Kinnun JJ, Scott HL, Ashkar R, Katsaras J. Biomembrane Structure and Material Properties Studied With Neutron Scattering. Front Chem 2021; 9:642851. [PMID: 33987167 PMCID: PMC8110834 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.642851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell membranes and their associated structures are dynamical supramolecular structures where different physiological processes take place. Detailed knowledge of their static and dynamic structures is therefore needed, to better understand membrane biology. The structure–function relationship is a basic tenet in biology and has been pursued using a range of different experimental approaches. In this review, we will discuss one approach, namely the use of neutron scattering techniques as applied, primarily, to model membrane systems composed of lipid bilayers. An advantage of neutron scattering, compared to other scattering techniques, is the differential sensitivity of neutrons to isotopes of hydrogen and, as a result, the relative ease of altering sample contrast by substituting protium for deuterium. This property makes neutrons an ideal probe for the study of hydrogen-rich materials, such as biomembranes. In this review article, we describe isotopic labeling studies of model and viable membranes, and discuss novel applications of neutron contrast variation in order to gain unique insights into the structure, dynamics, and molecular interactions of biological membranes. We specifically focus on how small-angle neutron scattering data is modeled using different contrast data and molecular dynamics simulations. We also briefly discuss neutron reflectometry and present a few recent advances that have taken place in neutron spin echo spectroscopy studies and the unique membrane mechanical data that can be derived from them, primarily due to new models used to fit the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Kinnun
- Large Scale Structures Group, Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States.,Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Shull-Wollan Center, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Haden L Scott
- Large Scale Structures Group, Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States.,Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Shull-Wollan Center, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Rana Ashkar
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - John Katsaras
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Shull-Wollan Center, Oak Ridge, TN, United States.,Sample Environment Group, Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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75
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Khadka NK, Timsina R, Rowe E, O'Dell M, Mainali L. Mechanical properties of the high cholesterol-containing membrane: An AFM study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183625. [PMID: 33891910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol (Chol) content in most cellular membranes does not exceed 50 mol%, only in the eye lens's fiber cell plasma membrane, its content surpasses 50 mol%. At this high concentration, Chol induces the formation of pure cholesterol bilayer domains (CBDs), which coexist with the surrounding phospholipid-cholesterol domain (PCD). Here, we applied atomic force microscopy to study the mechanical properties of Chol/phosphatidylcholine membranes where the Chol content was increased from 0 to 75 mol%, relevant to eye lens membranes. The surface roughness of the membrane decreases with an increase of Chol content until it reaches 60 mol%, and roughness increases with a further increment in Chol content. We propose that the increased roughness at higher Chol content results from the formation of CBDs. Force spectroscopy on the membrane with Chol content of 50 mol% or lesser exhibited single breakthrough events, whereas two distinct puncture events were observed for membranes with the Chol content greater than 50 mol%. We propose that the first puncture force corresponds to the membranes containing coexisting PCD and CBDs. In contrast, the second puncture force corresponds to the "CBD water pocket" formed due to coexisting CBDs and PCD. Membrane area compressibility modulus (KA) increases with an increase in Chol content until it reaches 60 mol%, and with further increment in Chol content, CBDs are formed, and KA starts to decrease. Our results report the increase in membrane roughness and decrease KA at very high Chol content (>60 mol%) relevant to the eye lens membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal K Khadka
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Raju Timsina
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Erica Rowe
- Department of Biology, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Matthew O'Dell
- Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Laxman Mainali
- Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA; Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA.
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76
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EPA and DHA differentially modulate membrane elasticity in the presence of cholesterol. Biophys J 2021; 120:2317-2329. [PMID: 33887229 PMCID: PMC8390804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) modify the activity of a wide range of membrane proteins and are increasingly hypothesized to modulate protein activity by indirectly altering membrane physical properties. Among the various physical properties affected by PUFAs, the membrane area expansion modulus (Ka), which measures membrane strain in response to applied force, is expected to be a significant controller of channel activity. Yet, the impact of PUFAs on membrane Ka has not been measured previously. Through a series of micropipette aspiration studies, we measured the apparent Ka (Kapp) of phospholipid model membranes containing nonesterified fatty acids. First, we measured membrane Kapp as a function of the location of the unsaturated bonds and degree of unsaturation in the incorporated fatty acids and found that Kapp generally decreases in the presence of fatty acids with three or more unsaturated bonds. Next, we assessed how select ω-3 PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), affect the Kapp of membranes containing cholesterol. In vesicles prepared with high amounts of cholesterol, which should increase the propensity of the membrane to phase segregate, we found that inclusion of DHA decreases the Kapp in comparison to EPA. We also measured how these ω-3 PUFAs affect membrane fluidity and bending rigidity to determine how membrane Kapp changes in relation to these other physical properties. Our study shows that PUFAs generally decrease the Kapp of membranes and that EPA and DHA have differential effects on Kapp when membranes contain higher levels of cholesterol. Our results suggest membrane phase behavior and the distribution of membrane-elasticizing amphiphiles impact the ability of a membrane to stretch.
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77
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El Hajj F, Fuchs PFJ, Urbach W, Nassereddine M, Hamieh S, Taulier N. Molecular Study of Ultrasound-Triggered Release of Fluorescein from Liposomes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:3868-3881. [PMID: 33769822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Several investigations have suggested that ultrasound triggers the release of drugs encapsulated into liposomes at acoustic pressures low enough to avoid cavitation or high hyperthermia. However, the mechanism leading to this triggered release as well as the adequate composition of the liposome membrane remains unknown. Here, we investigate the ultrasound-triggered release of fluorescein disodium salt encapsulated into liposomes made of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) or 1,2-distearoylphosphatidyl-ethanolamine (DSPC) lipids with various concentrations of cholesterol (from 0 to 44 mol %). The passive release of encapsulated fluorescein was first characterized. It was observed to be higher when the membrane is in a fluid phase and increased with temperature but decreased upon addition of cholesterol. Next, the release of fluorescein was measured at different acoustic frequencies (0.8, 1.1, and 3.3 MHz) and peak-to-peak pressures (0, 2, 2.5, 5, and 8 MPa). Measurements were performed at temperatures where DOPC and DSPC liposomes were, respectively, in the fluid or gel phase. We found that the release rate did not depend on the ultrasound frequency. For DOPC liposomes, the ultrasound-triggered release of fluorescein decreased with increasing concentration of cholesterol in liposomes, while the behavior was more complex for DSPC liposomes. Overall, the triggered release from DSPC liposomes was up to ten times less than DOPC liposomes. Molecular dynamics simulations performed on a pure DOPC membrane showed that a membrane experiences, under a directional pressure of ±2.4 MPa, various changes in properties such as the area per lipid (APL). An increase in the APL was notably observed when the simulation box was laterally stretched or perpendicularly compressed, which was accompanied by an increase in the number of water molecules crossing the membrane. This suggests that ultrasound most probably enhances the diffusion of encapsulated molecules at small acoustic pressures by increasing the distance between lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima El Hajj
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, F-75006 Paris, France
- Faculté des Sciences, Université Libanaise, Hadath 1003, Liban
| | - Patrick F J Fuchs
- Université de Paris, UFR Sciences du Vivant, F-75013 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Wladimir Urbach
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Salah Hamieh
- Faculté des Sciences, Université Libanaise, Hadath 1003, Liban
| | - Nicolas Taulier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, F-75006 Paris, France
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78
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Loney RW, Brandner B, Dagan MP, Smith PN, Roche M, Fritz JR, Hall SB, Tristram-Nagle SA. Changes in membrane elasticity caused by the hydrophobic surfactant proteins correlate poorly with adsorption of lipid vesicles. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:3358-3366. [PMID: 33630985 PMCID: PMC8016726 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm02223c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To establish how the hydrophobic surfactant proteins, SP-B and SP-C, promote adsorption of lipids to an air/water interface, we used X-ray diffuse scattering (XDS) to determine an order parameter of the lipid chains (Sxray) and the bending modulus of the lipid bilayers (KC). Samples contained different amounts of the proteins with two sets of lipids. Dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) provided a simple, well characterized model system. The nonpolar and phospholipids (N&PL) from extracted calf surfactant provided the biological mix of lipids. For both systems, the proteins produced changes in Sxray that correlated well with KC. The dose-response to the proteins, however, differed. Small amounts of protein generated large decreases in Sxray and KC for DOPC that progressed monotonically. The changes for the surfactant lipids were erratic. Our studies then tested whether the proteins produced correlated effects on adsorption. Experiments measured the initial fall in surface tension during adsorption to a constant surface area, and then expansion of the interface during adsorption at a constant surface tension of 40 mN m-1. The proteins produced a sigmoidal increase in the rate of adsorption at 40 mN m-1 for both lipids. The results correlated poorly with the changes in Sxray and KC in both cases. Disordering of the lipid chains produced by the proteins, and the softening of the bilayers, fail to explain how the proteins promote adsorption of lipid vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W Loney
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.
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79
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Yu Y, Krämer A, Venable RM, Brooks BR, Klauda JB, Pastor RW. CHARMM36 Lipid Force Field with Explicit Treatment of Long-Range Dispersion: Parametrization and Validation for Phosphatidylethanolamine, Phosphatidylglycerol, and Ether Lipids. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:1581-1595. [PMID: 33620194 PMCID: PMC8130185 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c01327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Long-range Lennard-Jones (LJ) interactions have been incorporated into the CHARMM36 (C36) lipid force field (FF) using the LJ particle-mesh Ewald (LJ-PME) method in order to remove the inconsistency of bilayer and monolayer properties arising from the exclusion of long-range dispersion [Yu, Y.; Semi-automated Optimization of the CHARMM36 Lipid Force Field to Include Explicit Treatment of Long-Range Dispersion. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2021, 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c01326. (preceding article in this issue)]. The new FF is denoted C36/LJ-PME. While the first optimization was based on three phosphatidylcholines (PCs), this work extends the validation and parametrization to more lipids including PC, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and ether lipids. The agreement with experimental structure data is excellent for PC, PE, and ether lipids. C36/LJ-PME also compares favorably with scattering data of PG bilayers but less so with NMR deuterium order parameters of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) (DMPG) at 303.15 K, indicating a need for future optimization regarding PG-specific parameters. Frequency dependence of NMR T1 spin-lattice relaxation times is well-described by C36/LJ-PME, and the overall agreement with experiment is comparable to C36. Lipid diffusion is slower than C36 due to the added long-range dispersion causing a higher viscosity, although it is still too fast compared to experiment after correction for periodic boundary conditions. When using a 10 Å real-space cutoff, the simulation speed of C36/LJ-PME is roughly equal to C36. While more lipids will be incorporated into the FF in the future, C36/LJ-PME can be readily used for common lipids and extends the capability of the CHARMM FF by supporting monolayers and eliminating the cutoff dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalun Yu
- Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Andreas Krämer
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Richard M Venable
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Bernard R Brooks
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jeffery B Klauda
- Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Richard W Pastor
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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80
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Godard J, Chapron D, Bregier F, Rosilio V, Sol V. Synthesis and supramolecular arrangement of new stearoyl acid-based phenalenone derivatives. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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81
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Cholesterol as a modulator of cannabinoid receptor CB 2 signaling. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3706. [PMID: 33580091 PMCID: PMC7881127 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling through integral membrane G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is influenced by lipid composition of cell membranes. By using novel high affinity ligands of human cannabinoid receptor CB2, we demonstrate that cholesterol increases basal activation levels of the receptor and alters the pharmacological categorization of these ligands. Our results revealed that (2-(6-chloro-2-((2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropane-1-carbonyl)imino)benzo[d]thiazol-3(2H)-yl)ethyl acetate ligand (MRI-2646) acts as a partial agonist of CB2 in membranes devoid of cholesterol and as a neutral antagonist or a partial inverse agonist in cholesterol-containing membranes. The differential effects of a specific ligand on activation of CB2 in different types of membranes may have implications for screening of drug candidates in a search of modulators of GPCR activity. MD simulation suggests that cholesterol exerts an allosteric effect on the intracellular regions of the receptor that interact with the G-protein complex thereby altering the recruitment of G protein.
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82
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Wang Q, Dotson RJ, Angles G, Pias SC. Simulation Study of Breast Cancer Lipid Changes Affecting Membrane Oxygen Permeability: Effects of Chain Length and Cholesterol. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1269:15-21. [PMID: 33966189 PMCID: PMC10241195 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-48238-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tumor radiotherapy relies on intracellular oxygen (O2) to generate reactive species that trigger cell death, yet hypoxia is common in cancers of the breast. De novo lipid synthesis in tumors supports cell proliferation but also may lead to unusually high levels of the 16:1 palmitoleoyl (Y) phospholipid tail, which is two carbons shorter than the 18:1 oleoyl (O) tail abundant in normal breast tissue. Here, we use atomic resolution molecular dynamics simulations to test two hypotheses: (1) the shorter, 16:1 Y, tail of the de novo lipid biosynthesis product 1-palmitoyl,2-palmitoleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (PYPC) promotes lower membrane permeability relative to the more common lipid 1-palmitoyl,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC), by reducing oxygen solubility in the interleaflet region, and (2) cholesterol further lessens the permeability of PYPC by reducing overall O2 solubility and promoting PYPC tail order adjacent to the rigid cholesterol ring system. The simulations conducted here indicate that PYPC has a permeability of 14 ± 1 cm/s at 37 °C, comparable to 15.4 ± 0.4 cm/s for POPC. Inclusion of cholesterol in a 1:1 ratio with phospholipid intensifies the effect of chain length, giving permeabilities of 10.2 ± 0.2 cm/s for PYPC/cholesterol and 11.0 ± 0.6 cm/s for POPC/cholesterol. These findings indicate that PYPC may not substantially influence membrane-level oxygen flux and is unlikely to hinder breast tissue oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology (New Mexico Tech), Socorro, NM, USA
| | - Rachel J Dotson
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology (New Mexico Tech), Socorro, NM, USA
| | - Gary Angles
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology (New Mexico Tech), Socorro, NM, USA
| | - Sally C Pias
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology (New Mexico Tech), Socorro, NM, USA.
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83
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Has
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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84
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Wang W, Arias DS, Deserno M, Ren X, Taylor RE. Emerging applications at the interface of DNA nanotechnology and cellular membranes: Perspectives from biology, engineering, and physics. APL Bioeng 2020; 4:041507. [PMID: 33344875 PMCID: PMC7725538 DOI: 10.1063/5.0027022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA nanotechnology has proven exceptionally apt at probing and manipulating biological environments as it can create nanostructures of almost arbitrary shape that permit countless types of modifications, all while being inherently biocompatible. Emergent areas of particular interest are applications involving cellular membranes, but to fully explore the range of possibilities requires interdisciplinary knowledge of DNA nanotechnology, cell and membrane biology, and biophysics. In this review, we aim for a concise introduction to the intersection of these three fields. After briefly revisiting DNA nanotechnology, as well as the biological and mechanical properties of lipid bilayers and cellular membranes, we summarize strategies to mediate interactions between membranes and DNA nanostructures, with a focus on programmed delivery onto, into, and through lipid membranes. We also highlight emerging applications, including membrane sculpting, multicell self-assembly, spatial arrangement and organization of ligands and proteins, biomechanical sensing, synthetic DNA nanopores, biological imaging, and biomelecular sensing. Many critical but exciting challenges lie ahead, and we outline what strikes us as promising directions when translating DNA nanostructures for future in vitro and in vivo membrane applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - D. Sebastian Arias
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Markus Deserno
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Xi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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85
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Kelley EG, Butler PD, Ashkar R, Bradbury R, Nagao M. Scaling relationships for the elastic moduli and viscosity of mixed lipid membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:23365-23373. [PMID: 32883879 PMCID: PMC7519290 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008789117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The elastic and viscous properties of biological membranes play a vital role in controlling cell functions that require local reorganization of the membrane components as well as dramatic shape changes such as endocytosis, vesicular trafficking, and cell division. These properties are widely acknowledged to depend on the unique composition of lipids within the membrane, yet the effects of lipid mixing on the membrane biophysical properties remain poorly understood. Here, we present a comprehensive characterization of the structural, elastic, and viscous properties of fluid membranes composed of binary mixtures of lipids with different tail lengths. We show that the mixed lipid membrane properties are not simply additive quantities of the single-component analogs. Instead, the mixed membranes are more dynamic than either of their constituents, quantified as a decrease in their bending modulus, area compressibility modulus, and viscosity. While the enhanced dynamics are seemingly unexpected, we show that the measured moduli and viscosity for both the mixed and single-component bilayers all scale with the area per lipid and collapse onto respective master curves. This scaling links the increase in dynamics to mixing-induced changes in the lipid packing and membrane structure. More importantly, the results show that the membrane properties can be manipulated through lipid composition the same way bimodal blends of surfactants, liquid crystals, and polymers are used to engineer the mechanical properties of soft materials, with broad implications for understanding how lipid diversity relates to biomembrane function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Kelley
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899;
| | - Paul D Butler
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - Rana Ashkar
- Physics Department, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 20461
- Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 20461
| | - Robert Bradbury
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
- Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408
| | - Michihiro Nagao
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
- Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
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86
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Abstract
Cholesterol is an integral component of eukaryotic cell membranes and a key molecule in controlling membrane fluidity, organization, and other physicochemical parameters. It also plays a regulatory function in antibiotic drug resistance and the immune response of cells against viruses, by stabilizing the membrane against structural damage. While it is well understood that, structurally, cholesterol exhibits a densification effect on fluid lipid membranes, its effects on membrane bending rigidity are assumed to be nonuniversal; i.e., cholesterol stiffens saturated lipid membranes, but has no stiffening effect on membranes populated by unsaturated lipids, such as 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC). This observation presents a clear challenge to structure-property relationships and to our understanding of cholesterol-mediated biological functions. Here, using a comprehensive approach-combining neutron spin-echo (NSE) spectroscopy, solid-state deuterium NMR (2H NMR) spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations-we report that cholesterol locally increases the bending rigidity of DOPC membranes, similar to saturated membranes, by increasing the bilayer's packing density. All three techniques, inherently sensitive to mesoscale bending fluctuations, show up to a threefold increase in effective bending rigidity with increasing cholesterol content approaching a mole fraction of 50%. Our observations are in good agreement with the known effects of cholesterol on the area-compressibility modulus and membrane structure, reaffirming membrane structure-property relationships. The current findings point to a scale-dependent manifestation of membrane properties, highlighting the need to reassess cholesterol's role in controlling membrane bending rigidity over mesoscopic length and time scales of important biological functions, such as viral budding and lipid-protein interactions.
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87
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Zhiliakov A, Wang Y, Quaini A, Olshanskii M, Majd S. Experimental validation of a phase-field model to predict coarsening dynamics of lipid domains in multicomponent membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1863:183446. [PMID: 32828848 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Membrane phase-separation is a mechanism that biological membranes often use to locally concentrate specific lipid species in order to organize diverse membrane processes. Phase separation has also been explored as a tool for the design of liposomes with heterogeneous and spatially organized surfaces. These "patchy" liposomes are promising platforms for delivery purposes, however their design and optimization through experimentation can be expensive and time-consuming. We developed a computationally efficient method based on the surface Cahn-Hilliard phase-field model to complement experimental investigations in the design of patchy liposomes. The method relies on thermodynamic considerations to set the initial state for numerical simulations. We show that our computational approach delivers not only qualitative pictures, but also accurate quantitative information about the dynamics of the membrane organization. In particular, the computational and experimental results are in excellent agreement in terms of lipid domain area fraction, total lipid domain perimeter over time and total number of lipid domains over time for two different membrane compositions (DOPC:DPPC with a 2:1 M ratio with 20% Chol and DOPC:DPPC with a 3:1 M ratio with 20% Chol). Thus, the computational phase-field model informed by experiments has a considerable potential to assist in the design of liposomes with spatially organized surfaces, thereby containing the cost and time required by the design process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zhiliakov
- Department of Mathematics, University of Houston, 3551 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America.
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3551 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America.
| | - A Quaini
- Department of Mathematics, University of Houston, 3551 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America.
| | - M Olshanskii
- Department of Mathematics, University of Houston, 3551 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America.
| | - S Majd
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3551 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX 77204, United States of America.
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88
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Carotenuto AR, Lunghi L, Piccolo V, Babaei M, Dayal K, Pugno N, Zingales M, Deseri L, Fraldi M. Mechanobiology predicts raft formations triggered by ligand-receptor activity across the cell membrane. JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS 2020; 141:103974. [PMID: 32461703 PMCID: PMC7243794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmps.2020.103974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Clustering of ligand-binding receptors of different types on thickened isles of the cell membrane, namely lipid rafts, is an experimentally observed phenomenon. Although its influence on cell's response is deeply investigated, the role of the coupling between mechanical processes and multiphysics involving the active receptors and the surrounding lipid membrane during ligand-binding has not yet been understood. Specifically, the focus of this work is on G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the widest group of transmembrane proteins in animals, which regulate specific cell processes through chemical signalling pathways involving a synergistic balance between the cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) produced by active GPCRs in the intracellular environment and its efflux, mediated by the Multidrug Resistance Proteins (MRPs) transporters. This paper develops a multiphysics approach based on the interplay among energetics, multiscale geometrical changes and mass balance of species, i.e. active GPCRs and MRPs, including diffusion and kinetics of binding and unbinding. Because the obtained energy depends upon both the kinematics and the changes of species densities, balance of mass and of linear momentum are coupled and govern the space-time evolution of the cell membrane. The mechanobiology involving remodelling and change of lipid ordering of the cell membrane allows to predict dynamics of transporters and active receptors -in full agreement with experimentally observed cAMP levels- and how the latter trigger rafts formation and cluster on such sites. Within the current scientific debate on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and on the basis of the ascertained fact that lipid rafts often serve as an entry port for viruses, it is felt that approaches accounting for strong coupling among mechanobiological aspects could even turn helpful in better understanding membrane-mediated phenomena such as COVID-19 virus-cell interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo R. Carotenuto
- Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture, University of Napoli “Federico II”, Italy
| | - Laura Lunghi
- Smiling International School, formerly at the Department of Life Sciences and Biotech., University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valentina Piccolo
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Italy
| | - Mahnoush Babaei
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon, USA
| | - Kaushik Dayal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon, USA
| | - Nicola Pugno
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Italy
- Laboratory of Bio-inspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta Materials & Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano, 77, Trento 38123, Italy
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Massimiliano Zingales
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Universitàdi Palermo, viale delle Scienze ed.8, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luca Deseri
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Italy
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Sciences, SSoE, University of Pittsburgh USA
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, USA
| | - Massimiliano Fraldi
- Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture, University of Napoli “Federico II”, Italy
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89
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Eid J, Razmazma H, Jraij A, Ebrahimi A, Monticelli L. On Calculating the Bending Modulus of Lipid Bilayer Membranes from Buckling Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:6299-6311. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c04253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jad Eid
- University of Lyon, CNRS, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry (MMSB, UMR 5086), F-69007 Lyon, France
- Bioactive Molecules Research Laboratory, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut VHH9+P3, Lebanon
| | - Hafez Razmazma
- University of Lyon, CNRS, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry (MMSB, UMR 5086), F-69007 Lyon, France
- Laboratory of Computational Quantum Chemistry and Drug Design, Department of Chemistry, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan 98167-45845, Iran
| | - Alia Jraij
- Bioactive Molecules Research Laboratory, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut VHH9+P3, Lebanon
| | - Ali Ebrahimi
- Laboratory of Computational Quantum Chemistry and Drug Design, Department of Chemistry, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan 98167-45845, Iran
| | - Luca Monticelli
- University of Lyon, CNRS, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry (MMSB, UMR 5086), F-69007 Lyon, France
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90
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Akimov SA, Molotkovsky RJ, Kuzmin PI, Galimzyanov TR, Batishchev OV. Continuum Models of Membrane Fusion: Evolution of the Theory. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3875. [PMID: 32485905 PMCID: PMC7312925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Starting from fertilization, through tissue growth, hormone secretion, synaptic transmission, and sometimes morbid events of carcinogenesis and viral infections, membrane fusion regulates the whole life of high organisms. Despite that, a lot of fusion processes still lack well-established models and even a list of main actors. A merger of membranes requires their topological rearrangements controlled by elastic properties of a lipid bilayer. That is why continuum models based on theories of membrane elasticity are actively applied for the construction of physical models of membrane fusion. Started from the view on the membrane as a structureless film with postulated geometry of fusion intermediates, they developed along with experimental and computational techniques to a powerful tool for prediction of the whole process with molecular accuracy. In the present review, focusing on fusion processes occurring in eukaryotic cells, we scrutinize the history of these models, their evolution and complication, as well as open questions and remaining theoretical problems. We show that modern approaches in this field allow continuum models of membrane fusion to stand shoulder to shoulder with molecular dynamics simulations, and provide the deepest understanding of this process in multiple biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Akimov
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (R.J.M.); (P.I.K.); (T.R.G.); (O.V.B.)
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91
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Ou L, Corradi V, Tieleman DP, Liang Q. Atomistic Simulations on Interactions between Amphiphilic Janus Nanoparticles and Lipid Bilayers: Effects of Lipid Ordering and Leaflet Asymmetry. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:4466-4475. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b11989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luping Ou
- Center for Statistical and Theoretical Condensed Matter Physics and Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Valentina Corradi
- Centre for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - D. Peter Tieleman
- Centre for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Qing Liang
- Center for Statistical and Theoretical Condensed Matter Physics and Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
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92
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Le Joncour V, Filppu P, Hyvönen M, Holopainen M, Turunen SP, Sihto H, Burghardt I, Joensuu H, Tynninen O, Jääskeläinen J, Weller M, Lehti K, Käkelä R, Laakkonen P. Vulnerability of invasive glioblastoma cells to lysosomal membrane destabilization. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 11:emmm.201809034. [PMID: 31068339 PMCID: PMC6554674 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The current clinical care of glioblastomas leaves behind invasive, radio‐ and chemo‐resistant cells. We recently identified mammary‐derived growth inhibitor (MDGI/FABP3) as a biomarker for invasive gliomas. Here, we demonstrate a novel function for MDGI in the maintenance of lysosomal membrane integrity, thus rendering invasive glioma cells unexpectedly vulnerable to lysosomal membrane destabilization. MDGI silencing impaired trafficking of polyunsaturated fatty acids into cells resulting in significant alterations in the lipid composition of lysosomal membranes, and subsequent death of the patient‐derived glioma cells via lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP). In a preclinical model, treatment of glioma‐bearing mice with an antihistaminergic LMP‐inducing drug efficiently eradicated invasive glioma cells and secondary tumours within the brain. This unexpected fragility of the aggressive infiltrating cells to LMP provides new opportunities for clinical interventions, such as re‐positioning of an established antihistamine drug, to eradicate the inoperable, invasive, and chemo‐resistant glioma cells from sustaining disease progression and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Le Joncour
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pauliina Filppu
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija Hyvönen
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Holopainen
- Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE) and Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Pauliina Turunen
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harri Sihto
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Isabel Burghardt
- Department of Neurology and Brain Tumour Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heikki Joensuu
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Tynninen
- Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology and Brain Tumour Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kaisa Lehti
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Reijo Käkelä
- Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE) and Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirjo Laakkonen
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland .,Laboratory Animal Centre, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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93
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Lyu D, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Effects of cholesterol on bilayers with various degrees of unsaturation of their phospholipid tails under mechanical stress. RSC Adv 2020; 10:11088-11094. [PMID: 35495327 PMCID: PMC9050462 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00624f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is one of the essential components of the cell membrane. It has a significant influence on various mechanical properties of biomembranes, such as fluidity and elasticity, which have attracted much attention. It is also well known that the concentration of cholesterol affects the mechanical strength of cell membranes. In this paper, we aim to explore the influence of the degree of unsaturation of phospholipid tails on the concentration-effect of cholesterol. Three different phospholipids (DPPC, DIPC and DAPC) were selected as the respective main components of the bilayers and several concentrations of cholesterol were also added to the systems. Our coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations show that as the cholesterol concentration increases, the saturated phospholipid bilayer is first strengthened, by increasing the rupture tension from 68.9 to 110 mN m-1, and then weakened. The non-monotonic concentration-effect gradually decreases as the degree of unsaturation of the phospholipid tails increases, and in particular, the mechanical strength of the DAPC bilayer hardly changes. The results suggest that cholesterol does not influence a bilayer composed of highly unsaturated phospholipids. Furthermore, lateral density distributions reveal that the distribution of cholesterol in the bilayer is related to the carbon tail unsaturation of the phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Lyu
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University No. 135 Xingang Xi Road Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University No. 135 Xingang Xi Road Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University No. 135 Xingang Xi Road Guangzhou 510275 China
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94
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Pinigin KV, Kondrashov OV, Jiménez-Munguía I, Alexandrova VV, Batishchev OV, Galimzyanov TR, Akimov SA. Elastic deformations mediate interaction of the raft boundary with membrane inclusions leading to their effective lateral sorting. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4087. [PMID: 32139760 PMCID: PMC7058020 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61110-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid-ordered lipid domains represent a lateral inhomogeneity in cellular membranes. These domains have elastic and physicochemical properties different from those of the surrounding membrane. In particular, their thickness exceeds that of the disordered membrane. Thus, elastic deformations arise at the domain boundary in order to compensate for the thickness mismatch. In equilibrium, the deformations lead to an incomplete register of monolayer ordered domains: the elastic energy is minimal if domains in opposing monolayers lie on the top of each other, and their boundaries are laterally shifted by about 3 nm. This configuration introduces a region, composed of one ordered and one disordered monolayers, with an intermediate bilayer thickness. Besides, a jump in a local monolayer curvature takes place in this intermediate region, concentrating here most of the elastic stress. This region can participate in a lateral sorting of membrane inclusions by offering them an optimal bilayer thickness and local curvature conditions. In the present study, we consider the sorting of deformable lipid inclusions, undeformable peripheral and deeply incorporated peptide inclusions, and undeformable transmembrane inclusions of different molecular geometry. With rare exceptions, all types of inclusions have an affinity to the ordered domain boundary as compared to the bulk phases. The optimal lateral distribution of inclusions allows relaxing the elastic stress at the boundary of domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin V Pinigin
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy prospekt, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Oleg V Kondrashov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy prospekt, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Irene Jiménez-Munguía
- National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", 4 Leninskiy prospect, Moscow, 119049, Russia
| | | | - Oleg V Batishchev
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy prospekt, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Timur R Galimzyanov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy prospekt, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Sergey A Akimov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy prospekt, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
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95
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Poojari C, Zak A, Dzieciuch-Rojek M, Bunker A, Kepczynski M, Róg T. Cholesterol Reduces Partitioning of Antifungal Drug Itraconazole into Lipid Bilayers. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:2139-2148. [PMID: 32101005 PMCID: PMC7735721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b11005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Cholesterol
plays a crucial role in modulating the physicochemical
properties of biomembranes, both increasing mechanical strength and
decreasing permeability. Cholesterol is also a common component of
vesicle-based delivery systems, including liposome-based drug delivery
systems (LDSs). However, its effect on the partitioning of drug molecules
to lipid membranes is very poorly recognized. Herein, we performed
a combined experimental/computational study of the potential for the
use of the LDS formulation for the delivery of the antifungal drug
itraconazole (ITZ). We consider the addition of cholesterol to the
lipid membrane. Since ITZ is only weakly soluble in water, its bioavailability
is limited. Use of an LDS has thus been proposed. We studied lipid
membranes composed of cholesterol, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (POPC), and ITZ using a combination of
computational molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of lipid bilayers
and Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) experiments of monolayers. Both
experimental and computational results show separation of cholesterol
and ITZ. Cholesterol has a strong preference to orient parallel to
the bilayer normal. However, ITZ, a long and relatively rigid molecule
with weakly hydrophilic groups along the backbone, predominantly locates
below the interface between the hydrocarbon chain region and the polar
region of the membrane, with its backbone oriented parallel to the
membrane surface; the orthogonal orientation in the membrane could
be the cause of the observed separation. In addition, fluorescence
measurements demonstrated that the affinity of ITZ for the lipid membrane
is decreased by the presence of cholesterol, which is thus probably
not a suitable formulation component of an LDS designed for ITZ delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Poojari
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Theoretical Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Agata Zak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Alex Bunker
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mariusz Kepczynski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Róg
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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96
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A comparative study of the effects of 7β-hydroxycholesterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol, and cholesterol on the structural and thermal phase behavior of multilamellar dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer vesicles. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 227:104872. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.104872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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97
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Amphipathic molecules modulate PIEZO1 activity. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 47:1833-1842. [PMID: 31754715 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PIEZO proteins are large eukaryotic mechanically-gated channels that function as homotrimers. The basic PIEZO1 structure has been elucidated by CryoEM and it assembles into a protein-lipid dome. A curved lipid region allows for the transition to the lipid bilayer from the dome (footprint). Gating PIEZO1 is mediated by bilayer tension that induces an area change in the lipid dome. The footprint region is thought to be energetically important for changes in lateral tension. Amphipathic molecules can modulate channel function beyond the intrinsic gating properties of PIEZO1. As a result, molecules that modify lipid properties within the lipid-channel complex (footprint and dome) will profoundly affect channel kinetics. In this review, we summarize the effects some amphipathic molecules have on the lipid bilayer and PIEZO1 function. PIEZO1 has three states, closed, open and inactivated and amphipathic molecules influence these transitions. The amphipathic peptide, GsMTx4, inhibits the closed to open transition. While saturated fatty acids also prevent PIEZO1 gating, the effect is mediated by stiffening the lipids, presumably in both the dome and footprint region. Polyunsaturated fatty acids can increase disorder within the lipid-protein complex affecting channel kinetics. PIEZO1 can also form higher-ordered structures that confers new kinetic properties associated with clustered channels. Cholesterol-rich domains house PIEZO1 channels, and depletion of cholesterol causes a breakdown of those domains with changes to channel kinetics and channel diffusion. These examples underscore the complex effects lipophilic molecules can have on the PIEZO1 lipid dome structure and thus on the mechanical response of the cell.
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98
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Olżyńska A, Delcroix P, Dolejšová T, Krzaczek K, Korchowiec B, Czogalla A, Cwiklik L. Properties of Lipid Models of Lung Surfactant Containing Cholesterol and Oxidized Lipids: A Mixed Experimental and Computational Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:1023-1033. [PMID: 31902205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We introduce and study a multicomponent lipid film mimicking lipid composition of the human lung surfactant. It consists of phospholipids with various lipid headgroups and tail saturation. Furthermore, it includes cholesterol and oxidized lipids. Langmuir trough and fluorescence microscopy experiments are combined with fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. The considered lipid mixtures form complex interfacial films with properties modulated by lateral compression. Cholesterol laterally condenses, and oxidized lipids laterally expand the films; both types of molecules increase film miscibility. Oxidized lipids also alter the lipid-water interface enhancing film hydration; this effect can be partially reversed by cholesterol. Regarding presentation of different chemical moieties toward the aqueous subphase, the zwitterionic phosphatidylcholine groups dominate at the lipid-water interface, while both the negatively charged phosphatidylglycerol and hydroxyl group of cholesterol are less exposed. The investigated synthetic lipid-only mimic of the lung surfactant may serve as a basis for further studies involving nonlipid pulmonary surfactant components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Olżyńska
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 3 , 182 23 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Pauline Delcroix
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 3 , 182 23 Prague , Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences , 166 10 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Dolejšová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 3 , 182 23 Prague , Czech Republic
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science , Charles University , Viničná 5 , 128 43 , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Krzaczek
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology , University of Wroclaw , F. Joilot-Curie 14A , 50-383 Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Beata Korchowiec
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , Jagiellonian University , Gronostajowa 2 , 30-387 Krakow , Poland
| | - Aleksander Czogalla
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology , University of Wroclaw , F. Joilot-Curie 14A , 50-383 Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Lukasz Cwiklik
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 3 , 182 23 Prague , Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences , 166 10 Prague , Czech Republic
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99
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Fornasier F, Souza LMP, Souza FR, Reynaud F, Pimentel AS. Lipophilicity of Coarse-Grained Cholesterol Models. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:569-577. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franccesca Fornasier
- Departamento de Quı́mica, Pontifı́cia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22453-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas M. P. Souza
- Departamento de Quı́mica, Pontifı́cia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22453-900, Brazil
| | - Felipe R. Souza
- Departamento de Quı́mica, Pontifı́cia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22453-900, Brazil
| | - Franceline Reynaud
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS 8612, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay, Malabry, France
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Andre S. Pimentel
- Departamento de Quı́mica, Pontifı́cia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22453-900, Brazil
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100
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Synaptotagmin-1 and Doc2b Exhibit Distinct Membrane-Remodeling Mechanisms. Biophys J 2019; 118:643-656. [PMID: 31952804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptotagmin-1 (Syt1) is a calcium sensor protein that is critical for neurotransmission and is therefore extensively studied. Here, we use pairs of optically trapped beads coated with SNARE-free synthetic membranes to investigate Syt1-induced membrane remodeling. This activity is compared with that of Doc2b, which contains a conserved C2AB domain and induces membrane tethering and hemifusion in this cell-free model. We find that the soluble C2AB domain of Syt1 strongly affects the probability and strength of membrane-membrane interactions in a strictly Ca2+- and protein-dependent manner. Single-membrane loading of Syt1 yielded the highest probability and force of membrane interactions, whereas in contrast, Doc2b was more effective after loading both membranes. A lipid-mixing assay with confocal imaging reveals that both Syt1 and Doc2b are able to induce hemifusion; however, significantly higher Syt1 concentrations are required. Consistently, both C2AB fragments cause a reduction in the membrane-bending modulus, as measured by a method based on atomic force microscopy. This lowering of the energy required for membrane deformation may contribute to Ca2+-induced fusion.
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