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Guo J, Wang Z, Qu L, Hu Y, Lu D. Transcriptomic and alternative splicing analyses provide insights into the roles of exogenous salicylic acid ameliorating waxy maize seedling growth under heat stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:432. [PMID: 36076169 PMCID: PMC9461148 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03822-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salicylic acid (SA) is a phytohormone which works to regulate the abiotic stress response of plants. However, the molecular mechanism by which SA mediates heat tolerance in waxy maize (Zea mays L. sinsensis Kulesh) remains unknown. RESULTS Two varieties of waxy maize seedlings, heat-tolerant 'Yunuo7' (Y7) and heat-sensitive 'Suyunuo5' (S5), were pretreated with SA prior to heat stress (HTS). After treatment, physiological and transcriptomic changes were analyzed. Compared with HTS, the exogenous application of SA enhanced the shoot dry weight, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (e.g., SOD, POD, CAT and APX), and the concentration of endogenous phytohormones (e.g., SA, ABA, IAA, GA3), while decreased the MDA content. Transcriptome analysis showed that the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified in the control (CK) vs HTS and HTS vs HTS + SA comparisons were more in S5 than in Y7. HTS induced the downregulation of genes involved in photosynthesis and the upregulation of genes encoding heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) and heat shock proteins (HSPs). Compared with HTS, SA pretreatment reversed the expression of 5 photosynthesis-related genes, 26 phytohormone-related genes, and all genes encoding HSFs and HSPs in S5. Furthermore, the number of alternative splicing (AS) events increased under HTS treatment for both varieties, while decreased under SA pretreatment of S5. Differentially spliced genes (DSGs) showed little overlap with DEGs, and DEGs and DSGs differed significantly in functional enrichment. CONCLUSIONS Physiological and transcriptional together indicated that HTS and SA pretreatment had a greater effect on S5 than Y7. Additionally, it appears that transcriptional regulation and AS work synergistically to enhance thermotolerance in heat-sensitive waxy maize. Our study revealed the regulatory effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of SA on waxy maize seedling under HTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zitao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Qu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Dalei Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Y, Dai T, Liu Y, Wang J, Wang Q, Zhu W. Effect of Exogenous Glycine Betaine on the Germination of Tomato Seeds under Cold Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810474. [PMID: 36142386 PMCID: PMC9502054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold stress is known to influence tomato growth, development, and yield. In this study, we analyzed the germination of tomato seeds treated with exogenous glycine betaine (GB) at a low temperature (14 °C). The results showed that cold stress inhibited tomato seed germination, and pretreatment with exogenous GB reduced this inhibition and enhanced the germination rate (GR), germination index (GI), and viability of tomato seeds at low temperatures. Analysis of gene expression and metabolism revealed that GB positively regulated endogenous hormone gibberellin (GA) content and negatively regulated abscisic acid (ABA) content, while GB reduced the starch content in the seeds by up-regulating the amylase gene expression. Gene expression analysis showed that the key genes (SlSOD, SlPOD, and SlchlAPX) involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging systems were up-regulated in GB-pretreated tomato seeds compared with the control. At the same time, levels of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide were significantly lower, while the proline content and peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) levels were elevated compared with those in the control. These results demonstrate that exogenous GB as a positive regulator effectively alleviated the inhibition of tomato seed germination under cold stress by different signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology, The Protected Horticulture Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Taoyu Dai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology, The Protected Horticulture Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- College of Life Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 201400, China
| | - Yahui Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology, The Protected Horticulture Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Jinyan Wang
- Innovation Center of Jiangsu, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Quanhua Wang
- College of Life Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 201400, China
| | - Weimin Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology, The Protected Horticulture Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- Correspondence:
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53
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Sprague SA, Tamang TM, Steiner T, Wu Q, Hu Y, Kakeshpour T, Park J, Yang J, Peng Z, Bergkamp B, Somayanda I, Peterson M, Oliveira Garcia E, Hao Y, St. Amand P, Bai G, Nakata PA, Rieu I, Jackson DP, Cheng N, Valent B, Hirschi KD, Jagadish SVK, Liu S, White FF, Park S. Redox-engineering enhances maize thermotolerance and grain yield in the field. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:1819-1832. [PMID: 35656643 PMCID: PMC9398381 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Increasing populations and temperatures are expected to escalate food demands beyond production capacities, and the development of maize lines with better performance under heat stress is desirable. Here, we report that constitutive ectopic expression of a heterologous glutaredoxin S17 from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtGRXS17) can provide thermotolerance in maize through enhanced chaperone activity and modulation of heat stress-associated gene expression. The thermotolerant maize lines had increased protection against protein damage and yielded a sixfold increase in grain production in comparison to the non-transgenic counterparts under heat stress field conditions. The maize lines also displayed thermotolerance in the reproductive stages, resulting in improved pollen germination and the higher fidelity of fertilized ovules under heat stress conditions. Our results present a robust and simple strategy for meeting rising yield demands in maize and, possibly, other crop species in a warming global environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart A. Sprague
- Department of Horticulture and Natural ResourcesKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
- Present address:
School of Agricultural SciencesNorthwest Missouri State UniversityMaryvilleMO64468USA
| | - Tej Man Tamang
- Department of Horticulture and Natural ResourcesKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
| | - Trevor Steiner
- Department of Horticulture and Natural ResourcesKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Department of Horticulture and Natural ResourcesKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
- Present address:
Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Horticulture and Natural ResourcesKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
- Present address:
Department of Horticultural SciencesUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL32611USA
| | - Tayebeh Kakeshpour
- Department of Horticulture and Natural ResourcesKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
| | - Jungeun Park
- Department of Horticulture and Natural ResourcesKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
| | - Jian Yang
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Zhao Peng
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Blake Bergkamp
- Department of AgronomyKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
| | - Impa Somayanda
- Department of AgronomyKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
| | - Morgan Peterson
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research UnitKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
| | | | - Yangfan Hao
- Department of Plant PathologyKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
| | - Paul St. Amand
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research UnitKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
| | - Guihua Bai
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research UnitKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
| | - Paul A. Nakata
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Ivo Rieu
- Department of Plant Systems Physiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental SciencesRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Ninghui Cheng
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Barbara Valent
- Department of Plant PathologyKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
| | - Kendal D. Hirschi
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | | | - Sanzhen Liu
- Department of Plant PathologyKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
| | - Frank F. White
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Sunghun Park
- Department of Horticulture and Natural ResourcesKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
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Xu J, Jansma SY, Wolters-Arts M, de Groot PFM, Jansen MJ, Rieu I. Long-Term Mild Heat Causes Post-Mitotic Pollen Abortion Through a Local Effect on Flowers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:925754. [PMID: 35898227 PMCID: PMC9310381 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.925754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Crop reproductive success is significantly challenged by heatwaves, which are increasing in frequency and severity globally. Heat-induced male sterility is mainly due to aborted pollen development, but it is not clear whether this is through direct or systemic effects. Here, long-term mild heat (LTMH) treatment, mimicking a heatwave, was applied locally to tomato flowers or whole plants and followed up by cytological, transcriptomic, and biochemical analyses. By analyzing pollen viability, LTMH was shown to act directly on the flowers and not via effects on other plant tissue. The meiosis to early microspore stage of pollen development was the most sensitive to LTMH and 3 days of exposure around this period was sufficient to significantly reduce pollen viability at the flower anthesis stage. Extensive cytological analysis showed that abnormalities in pollen development could first be observed after pollen mitosis I, while no deviations in tapetum development were observed. Transcriptomic and biochemical analyses suggested that pollen development suffered from tapetal ER stress and that there was a limited role for oxidative stress. Our results provide the first evidence that heat acts directly on flowers to induce pollen sterility, and that the molecular-physiological responses of developing anthers to the LTMH are different from those to severe heat shock.
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55
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Liu H, Able AJ, Able JA. Priming crops for the future: rewiring stress memory. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:699-716. [PMID: 34906381 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The agricultural sector must produce resilient and climate-smart crops to meet the increasing needs of global food production. Recent advancements in elucidating the mechanistic basis of plant stress memory have provided new opportunities for crop improvement. Stress memory-coordinated changes at the organismal, cellular, and various omics levels prepare plants to be more responsive to reoccurring stress within or across generation(s). The exposure to a primary stress, or stress priming, can also elicit a beneficial impact when encountering a secondary abiotic or biotic stress through the convergence of synergistic signalling pathways, referred to as cross-stress tolerance. 'Rewired plants' with stress memory provide a new means to stimulate adaptable stress responses, safeguard crop reproduction, and engineer climate-smart crops for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipei Liu
- School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Amanda J Able
- School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Jason A Able
- School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia.
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56
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Underwood CJ, Mercier R. Engineering Apomixis: Clonal Seeds Approaching the Fields. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 73:201-225. [PMID: 35138881 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-102720-013958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Apomixis is a form of reproduction leading to clonal seeds and offspring that are genetically identical to the maternal plant. While apomixis naturally occurs in hundreds of plant species distributed across diverse plant families, it is absent in major crop species. Apomixis has a revolutionary potential in plant breeding, as it could allow the instant fixation and propagation though seeds of any plant genotype, most notably F1 hybrids. Mastering and implementing apomixis would reduce the cost of hybrid seed production, facilitate new types of hybrid breeding, and make it possible to harness hybrid vigor in crops that are not presently cultivated as hybrids. Synthetic apomixis can be engineered by combining modifications of meiosis and fertilization. Here, we review the current knowledge and recent major achievements toward the development of efficient apomictic systems usable in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Underwood
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany; ,
| | - Raphael Mercier
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany; ,
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57
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Yang H, Xue Y, Li B, Lin Y, Li H, Guo Z, Li W, Fu Z, Ding D, Tang J. The chimeric gene atp6c confers cytoplasmic male sterility in maize by impairing the assembly of the mitochondrial ATP synthase complex. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:872-886. [PMID: 35272047 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a powerful tool for the exploitation of hybrid heterosis and the study of signaling and interactions between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. C-type CMS (CMS-C) in maize has long been used in hybrid seed production, but the underlying sterility factor and its mechanism of action remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that the mitochondrial gene atp6c confers male sterility in CMS-C maize. The ATP6C protein shows stronger interactions with ATP8 and ATP9 than ATP6 during the assembly of F1Fo-ATP synthase (F-type ATP synthase, ATPase), thereby reducing the quantity and activity of assembled F1Fo-ATP synthase. By contrast, the quantity and activity of the F1' component are increased in CMS-C lines. Reduced F1Fo-ATP synthase activity causes accumulation of excess protons in the inner membrane space of the mitochondria, triggering a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS), premature programmed cell death of the tapetal cells, and pollen abortion. Collectively, our study identifies a chimeric mitochondrial gene (ATP6C) that causes CMS in maize and documents the contribution of ATP6C to F1Fo-ATP synthase assembly, thereby providing novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of male sterility in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yadong Xue
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Bing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanan Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haochuan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhanyong Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weihua Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jihua Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China.
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58
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Magar MM, Liu H, Yan G. Genome-Wide Analysis of AP2/ERF Superfamily Genes in Contrasting Wheat Genotypes Reveals Heat Stress-Related Candidate Genes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:853086. [PMID: 35498651 PMCID: PMC9044922 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.853086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The AP2/ERF superfamily is one of the largest groups of transcription factors (TFs) in plants, which plays important roles in regulating plant growth and development under heat stress. A complete genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of AP2/ERF superfamily genes focusing on heat stress response were conducted in bread wheat. This study identified 630 putative AP2/ERF superfamily TF genes in wheat, with 517 genes containing well-defined AP2-protein domains. They were classified into five sub-families, according to domain content, conserved motif, and gene structure. The unique genes identified in this study were 112 TaERF genes, 77 TaDREB genes, four TaAP2 genes, and one TaRAV gene. The chromosomal distribution analysis showed the unequal distribution of TaAP2/ERF genes in 21 wheat chromosomes, with 127 pairs of segmental duplications and one pair of tandem duplication, highly concentrated in TaERF and TaDREB sub-families. The qRT-PCR validation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in contrasting wheat genotypes under heat stress conditions revealed that significant DEGs in tolerant and susceptible genotypes could unequivocally differentiate tolerant and susceptible wheat genotypes. This study provides useful information on TaAP2/ERF superfamily genes and reveals candidate genes in response to heat stress, which forms a foundation for heat tolerance breeding in wheat.
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Masoomi‐Aladizgeh F, Kamath KS, Haynes PA, Atwell BJ. Genome survey sequencing of wild cotton (Gossypium robinsonii) reveals insights into proteomic responses of pollen to extreme heat. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:1242-1256. [PMID: 35092006 PMCID: PMC9415111 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress specifically affects fertility by impairing pollen viability but cotton wild relatives successfully reproduce in hot savannas where they evolved. An Australian arid-zone cotton (Gossypium robinsonii) was exposed to heat events during pollen development then mature pollen was subjected to deep proteomic analysis using 57 023 predicted genes from a genomic database we assembled for the same species. Three stages of pollen development, including tetrads (TEs), uninucleate microspores (UNs) and binucleate microspores (BNs) were exposed to 36°C or 40°C for 5 days and the resulting mature pollen was collected at anthesis (p-TE, p-UN and p-BN, respectively). Using the sequential windowed acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra proteomic analysis, 2704 proteins were identified and quantified across all pollen samples analysed. Proteins predominantly decreased in abundance at all stages in response to heat, particularly after exposure of TEs to 40°C. Functional enrichment analyses demonstrated that extreme heat increased the abundance of proteins that contributed to increased messenger RNA splicing via spliceosome, initiation of cytoplasmic translation and protein refolding in p-TE40. However, other functional categories that contributed to intercellular transport were inhibited in p-TE40, linked potentially to Rab proteins. We ascribe the resilience of reproductive processes in G. robinsonii at temperatures up to 40°C, relative to commercial cotton, to a targeted reduction in protein transport.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul A. Haynes
- School of Natural SciencesMacquarie UniversityNorth RydeNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Brian J. Atwell
- School of Natural SciencesMacquarie UniversityNorth RydeNew South WalesAustralia
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60
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Xu D, Ni Y, Zhang X, Guo Y. Multiomic analyses of two sorghum cultivars reveals the change of membrane lipids in their responses to water deficit. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 176:44-56. [PMID: 35217329 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of the main abiotic stresses influencing crop production all over the world. Membranes are sensitive to drought stress and easy to be degraded and modified. Lipidome and transcriptome analyses were applied to analyze the responses of membrane lipids to drought stress in two sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) cultivars, drought-sensitive cv. Hongyingzi and drought-tolerant cv. Kangsi. In total, 156 lipid compounds were identified and the contents of the predominant ones changed significantly under drought stress. Drought significantly decreased the unsaturation indices (UI) of digalactosyl-diacylglycerol (DGDG), monogalactosyl-diacylglycerol (MGDG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) in both cultivars, except for insignificant changes of UI for DGDG in cv. Kangsi. Transcriptome sequencing analysis identified genes related to membrane lipid remodeling such as phospholipase D α1 (PLDα1), phospholipase D δ (PLDδ), and phospholipase A 2 (PLA2). By integrating transcriptome data and lipidome data, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified hub genes, transcription factors and the genes involved in lipid metabolism. Then, the protein and protein interaction (PPI) was analyzed using STRING and the possible candidate genes regulating membrane lipids under drought stress were obtained, including CCT2, CER1, DGK1, DGK5, EMB3174, KCS4, LCB2, PAH1, PLDP1, PKP-β1, and KCS11. The results from this study have the potential to accelerate the process to breed drought-tolerant sorghum lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daixiang Xu
- College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yu Ni
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yanjun Guo
- College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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61
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Rapid Identification of Pollen- and Anther-Specific Genes in Response to High-Temperature Stress Based on Transcriptome Profiling Analysis in Cotton. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063378. [PMID: 35328797 PMCID: PMC8954629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anther indehiscence and pollen sterility caused by high temperature (HT) stress have become a major problem that decreases the yield of cotton. Pollen- and anther-specific genes play a critical role in the process of male reproduction and the response to HT stress. In order to identify pollen-specific genes that respond to HT stress, a comparative transcriptome profiling analysis was performed in the pollen and anthers of Gossypium hirsutum HT-sensitive Line H05 against other tissue types under normal temperature (NT) conditions, and the analysis of a differentially expressed gene was conducted in the pollen of H05 under NT and HT conditions. In total, we identified 1111 pollen-specific genes (PSGs), 1066 anther-specific genes (ASGs), and 833 pollen differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Moreover, we found that the late stage of anther included more anther- and pollen-specific genes (APSGs). Stress-related cis-regulatory elements (CREs) and hormone-responsive CREs are enriched in the promoters of APSGs, suggesting that APSGs may respond to HT stress. However, 833 pollen DEGs had only 10 common genes with 1111 PSGs, indicating that PSGs are mainly involved in the processes of pollen development and do not respond to HT stress. Promoters of these 10 common genes are enriched for stress-related CREs and MeJA-responsive CREs, suggesting that these 10 common genes are involved in the process of pollen development while responding to HT stress. This study provides a pathway for rapidly identifying cotton pollen-specific genes that respond to HT stress.
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62
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Laza HE, Kaur-Kapoor H, Xin Z, Payton PR, Chen J. Morphological analysis and stage determination of anther development in Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. PLANTA 2022; 255:86. [PMID: 35286485 PMCID: PMC8921119 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03853-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of sorghum anthers at 18 classified developmental stages provide an important reference for future studies on sorghum reproductive biology and abiotic stress tolerance of sorghum pollen. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is the fifth-most important cereal crop in the world. It has relatively high resilience to drought and high temperature stresses during vegetative growing stages comparing to other major cereal crops. However, like other cereal crops, the sensitivity of male organ to heat and drought can severely depress sorghum yield due to reduced fertility and pollination efficiency if the stress occurs at the reproductive stage. Identification of the most vulnerable stages and the genes and genetic networks that differentially regulate the abiotic stress responses during anther development are two critical prerequisites for targeted molecular trait selection and for enhanced environmentally resilient sorghum in breeding using a variety of genetic modification strategies. However, in sorghum, anther developmental stages have not been determined. The distinctive cellular characteristics associated with anther development have not been well examined. Lack of such critical information is a major obstacle in the studies of anther and pollen development in sorghum. In this study, we examined the morphological changes of sorghum anthers at cellular level during entire male organ development processes using a modified high-throughput imaging variable pressure scanning electron microscopy and traditional light microscopy methods. We divided sorghum anther development into 18 distinctive stages and provided detailed description of the morphological changes in sorghum anthers for each stage. The findings of this study will serve as an important reference for future studies focusing on sorghum physiology, reproductive biology, genetics, and genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haydee E Laza
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | - Zhuanguo Xin
- Plant Stress and Germplasm Development, USDA-ARS, Lubbock, TX, 79415, USA
| | - Paxton R Payton
- Plant Stress and Germplasm Development, USDA-ARS, Lubbock, TX, 79415, USA
| | - Junping Chen
- Plant Stress and Germplasm Development, USDA-ARS, Lubbock, TX, 79415, USA.
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63
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Gao J, Wang MJ, Wang JJ, Lu HP, Liu JX. bZIP17 regulates heat stress tolerance at reproductive stage in Arabidopsis. ABIOTECH 2022; 3:1-11. [PMID: 36304196 PMCID: PMC9590554 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-021-00062-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
High temperature elicits a well-conserved response called the unfolded protein response (UPR) to bring protein homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Two key UPR regulators bZIP28 and bZIP60 have been shown to be essential for maintaining fertility under heat stress conditions in Arabidopsis, however, the function of transcriptional activator bZIP17, a paralog of bZIP28, in heat stress response at reproductive stage is not reported. Here we found that bzip17 mutant plants were sensitive to heat stress in terms of silique length and fertility comparing to that of wildtype (WT) Arabidopsis plants, and transcriptomic analysis showed that 1380 genes were specifically up-regulated and 493 genes were specifically down-regulated by heat stress in the flowers of WT plants comparing to that in bzip17 mutant plants. These bZIP17-dependent up-regulated genes were enriched in responses to abiotic stresses such as water deprivation and salt stress. Further chromatin immuno-precipitation coupled with high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-Seq) uncovered 1645 genes that were direct targets of bZIP17 in MYC-bZIP17 expressing seedlings subjected to heat stress. Among these 1645 genes, ERSE-II cis-element was enriched in the binding peaks of their promoters, and the up-regulation of 113 genes by heat stress in flowers was dependent on bZIP17. Our results revealed direct targets of bZIP17 in flowers during heat stress responses and demonstrated the important role of bZIP17 in maintaining fertility upon heat stress in plants. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42994-021-00062-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
| | - Mei-Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
| | - Hai-Ping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
| | - Jian-Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
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64
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Kumar S, Thakur M, Mitra R, Basu S, Anand A. Sugar metabolism during pre- and post-fertilization events in plants under high temperature stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:655-673. [PMID: 34628530 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02795-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High temperature challenges global crop production by limiting the growth and development of the reproductive structures and seed. It impairs the developmental stages of male and female gametogenesis, pollination, fertilization, endosperm formation and embryo development. Among these, the male reproductive processes are highly prone to abnormalities under high temperature at various stages of development. The disruption of source-sink balance is the main constraint for satisfactory growth of the reproductive structures which is disturbed at the level of sucrose import and utilization within the tissue. Seed development after fertilization is affected by modulation in the activity of enzymes involved in starch metabolism. In addition, the alteration in the seed-filling rate and its duration affects the seed weight and quality. The present review critically discusses the role of sugar metabolism in influencing the various stages of gamete and seed development under high temperature stress. It also highlights the interaction of the sugars with hormones that mediate the transport of sugars to sink tissues. The role of transcription factors for the regulation of sugar availability under high temperature has also been discussed. Further, the omics-based systematic investigation has been suggested to understand the synergistic or antagonistic interactions between sugars, hormones and reactive oxygen species at various points of sucrose flow from source to sink under high temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Meenakshi Thakur
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur, 177 001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Raktim Mitra
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Sudipta Basu
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Anjali Anand
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
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65
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Xing M, Guan C, Guan M. Comparative Cytological and Transcriptome Analyses of Anther Development in Nsa Cytoplasmic Male Sterile (1258A) and Maintainer Lines in Brassica napus Produced by Distant Hybridization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042004. [PMID: 35216116 PMCID: PMC8879398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
1258A is a new line of B.napus with Nsa cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) with potential applications in hybrid rapeseed breeding. Sterile cytoplasm was obtained from XinJiang Sinapis arvensis through distant hybridization and then backcrossed with 1258B for many generations. However, the characteristics and molecular mechanisms underlying pollen abortion in this sterile line are poorly understood. In this study, a cytological analysis revealed normal microsporogenesis and uninucleate pollen grain formation. Pollen abortion was due to non-programmed cell death in the tapetum and the inability of microspores to develop into mature pollen grains. Sucrose, soluble sugar, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) contents during microspore development were lower than those of the maintainer line, along with an insufficient energy supply, reduced antioxidant enzyme activity, and substantial malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation in the anthers. Transcriptome analysis revealed that genes involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, phenylpropane biosynthesis, cyanoamino acid metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, and glycerolipid metabolism may contribute to pollen abortion. The down regulation of nine cytochrome P450 monooxygenases genes were closely associated with pollen abortion. These results suggest that pollen abortion in 1258A CMS stems from abnormalities in the chorioallantoic membranes, energy deficiencies, and dysfunctional antioxidant systems in the anthers. Our results provide insight into the molecular mechanism underlying pollen abortion in Nsa CMS and provide a theoretical basis for better heterosis utilization in B.napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xing
- Hunan Branch of National Oilseed Crops Improvement Center, Changsha 410128, China; (M.X.); (C.G.)
- College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chunyun Guan
- Hunan Branch of National Oilseed Crops Improvement Center, Changsha 410128, China; (M.X.); (C.G.)
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Mei Guan
- Hunan Branch of National Oilseed Crops Improvement Center, Changsha 410128, China; (M.X.); (C.G.)
- College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence:
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66
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Malik S, Zhao D. Epigenetic Regulation of Heat Stress in Plant Male Reproduction. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:826473. [PMID: 35222484 PMCID: PMC8866763 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.826473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, male reproductive development is highly susceptible to heat stress. In this mini-review, we summarized different anomalies in tapetum, microspores, and pollen grains during anther development under heat stress. We then discussed how epigenetic control, particularly DNA methylation, is employed to cope with heat stress in male reproduction. Further understanding of epigenetic mechanisms by which plants manage heat stress during male reproduction will provide new genetic engineering and molecular breeding tools for generating heat-resistant crops.
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Aloisi I, Piccini C, Cai G, Del Duca S. Male Fertility under Environmental Stress: Do Polyamines Act as Pollen Tube Growth Protectants? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1874. [PMID: 35163795 PMCID: PMC8836739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although pollen structure and morphology evolved toward the optimization of stability and fertilization efficiency, its performance is affected by harsh environmental conditions, e.g., heat, cold, drought, pollutants, and other stressors. These phenomena are expected to increase in the coming years in relation to predicted environmental scenarios, contributing to a rapid increase in the interest of the scientific community in understanding the molecular and physiological responses implemented by male gametophyte to accomplish reproduction. Here, after a brief introduction summarizing the main events underlying pollen physiology with a focus on polyamine involvement in its development and germination, we review the main effects that environmental stresses can cause on pollen. We report the most relevant evidence in the literature underlying morphological, cytoskeletal, metabolic and signaling alterations involved in stress perception and response, focusing on the final stage of pollen life, i.e., from when it hydrates, to pollen tube growth and sperm cell transport, with these being the most sensitive to environmental changes. Finally, we hypothesize the molecular mechanisms through which polyamines, well-known molecules involved in plant development, stress response and adaptation, can exert a protective action against environmental stresses in pollen by decoding the essential steps and the intersection between polyamines and pollen tube growth mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Aloisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università Degli Studi di Bologna, Via Irnerio, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.A.); (S.D.D.)
| | - Chiara Piccini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Stefano Del Duca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università Degli Studi di Bologna, Via Irnerio, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.A.); (S.D.D.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Agri-Food Industrial Research, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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68
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Yu B, Ming F, Liang Y, Wang Y, Gan Y, Qiu Z, Yan S, Cao B. Heat Stress Resistance Mechanisms of Two Cucumber Varieties from Different Regions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031817. [PMID: 35163740 PMCID: PMC8837171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
High temperatures affect the yield and quality of vegetable crops. Unlike thermosensitive plants, thermotolerant plants have excellent systems for withstanding heat stress. This study evaluated various heat resistance indexes of the thermotolerant cucumber (TT) and thermosensitive cucumber (TS) plants at the seedling stage. The similarities and differences between the regulatory genes were assessed through transcriptome analysis to understand the mechanisms for heat stress resistance in cucumber. The TT plants exhibited enhanced leaf status, photosystem, root viability, and ROS scavenging under high temperature compared to the TS plants. Additionally, transcriptome analysis showed that the genes involved in photosynthesis, the chlorophyll metabolism, and defense responses were upregulated in TT plants but downregulated in TS plants. Zeatin riboside (ZR), brassinosteroid (BR), and jasmonic acid (JA) levels were higher in TT plants than in TS. The heat stress increased gibberellic acid (GA) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) levels in both plant lines; however, the level of GA was higher in TT. Correlation and interaction analyses revealed that heat cucumber heat resistance is regulated by a few transcription factor family genes and metabolic pathways. Our study revealed different phenotypic and physiological mechanisms of the heat response by the thermotolerant and thermosensitive cucumber plants. The plants were also shown to exhibit different expression profiles and metabolic pathways. The heat resistant pathways and genes of two cucumber varieties were also identified. These results enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cucumber response to high-temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.Y.); (F.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.Q.)
- Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fangyan Ming
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.Y.); (F.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.Q.)
- Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yonggui Liang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.Y.); (F.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.Q.)
- Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yixi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.Y.); (F.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.Q.)
- Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuwei Gan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.Y.); (F.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.Q.)
- Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhengkun Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.Y.); (F.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.Q.)
- Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.Y.); (F.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.Q.)
- Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (B.C.)
| | - Bihao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.Y.); (F.M.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.Q.)
- Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (B.C.)
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69
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Masoomi-Aladizgeh F, McKay MJ, Asar Y, Haynes PA, Atwell BJ. Patterns of gene expression in pollen of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) indicate downregulation as a feature of thermotolerance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:965-979. [PMID: 34837283 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive performance in plants is impaired as maximum temperatures consistently approach 40°C. However, the timing of heatwaves critically affects their impact. We studied the molecular responses during pollen maturation in cotton to investigate the vulnerability to high temperature. Tetrads (TEs), uninucleate and binucleate microspores, and mature pollen were subjected to SWATH-MS and RNA-seq analyses after exposure to 38/28°C (day/night) for 5 days. The results indicated that molecular signatures were downregulated progressively in response to heat during pollen development. This was even more evident in leaves, where three-quarters of differentially changed proteins decreased in abundance during heat. Functional analysis showed that translation of genes increased in TEs after exposure to heat; however, the reverse pattern was observed in mature pollen and leaves. For example, proteins involved in transport were highly abundant in TEs whereas in later stages of pollen formation and leaves, heat suppressed synthesis of proteins involved in cell-to-cell communication. Moreover, a large number of heat shock proteins were identified in heat-affected TEs, but these proteins were less abundant in mature pollen and leaves. We speculate that the sensitivity of TE cells to heat is related to high rates of translation targeted to pathways that might not be essential for thermotolerance. Molecular signatures during stages of pollen development after heatwaves could provide markers for future genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew J McKay
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Yasmin Asar
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul A Haynes
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian J Atwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
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70
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Tas T, Mutlu A. Morpho-physiological effects of environmental stress on yield and quality of sweet corn varieties (Zea mays L.). PeerJ 2021; 9:e12613. [PMID: 35003926 PMCID: PMC8684323 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweet corn is cultivated in different climatic regions of the world, and consumed either fresh or processed. Morpho-physiological effects of environmental stress on yield, yield components and quality of some sweet corn varieties were investigated in field experiments conducted at Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey during 2019 and 2020 growing seasons. The experimental lay out was randomized blocks with three replicates. Eight candidates and two control sweet corn varieties classified as moderate maturity (FAO 650–700) were used in field experiment. Mean values of pollen fertility rate (PFR, %), total soluble solids (TSS, °Brix), abscisic acid (ABA, nmol/g DW), ear length (EL, cm), plant height (PH, cm), number of grains per cob (CGN, grain) and fresh cob yield (FCY, t ha−1) were significantly different between years and sweet corn varieties. The PFR, TSS, ABA, EL, PH, CGN and FCY ranged from 40.29–67.65%, 13.24–20.09 °brix, 7.74–21.04 nmol/g DW, 9.69–15.98 cm, 97.80–171.34 cm, 289.15–420.33 grain and 4.15–10.23 t ha−1 respectively. The FCY, yield components and PFR values in the second year that had a higher temperature and lower relative humidity were lower compared to the first year, while ABA and TSS values were higher in the second year. Statistically significant correlations were recorded between the parameters investigated except FCY and TSS. The FCY and other parameters of sweet corn varieties, which produced high ABA phytohormone, were high, and the ABA hormone significantly contributed to plant growth under stress conditions. The results revealed that the PFR physiological parameter and ABA hormone in the plants provide important information about stress level and stress tolerance level of the cultivars, respectively. Despite adverse environmental stress conditions, the FCY of ŞADA-18.7 variety, one of the candidate varieties, was higher than that of the control and the mean value of the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timucin Tas
- Kepsut Vocational High School, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Marmara Region, Turkey
| | - Arzu Mutlu
- Akcakale Vocational High School, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
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71
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Sinha R, Fritschi FB, Zandalinas SI, Mittler R. The impact of stress combination on reproductive processes in crops. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 311:111007. [PMID: 34482910 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Historically, extended droughts combined with heat waves caused severe reductions in crop yields estimated at billions of dollars annually. Because global warming and climate change are driving an increase in the frequency and intensity of combined water-deficit and heat stress episodes, understanding how these episodes impact yield is critical for our efforts to develop climate change-resilient crops. Recent studies demonstrated that a combination of water-deficit and heat stress exacerbates the impacts of water-deficit or heat stress on reproductive processes of different cereals and legumes, directly impacting grain production. These studies identified several different mechanisms potentially underlying the effects of stress combination on anthers, pollen, and stigma development and function, as well as fertilization. Here we review some of these findings focusing on unbalanced reactive oxygen accumulation, altered sugar concentrations, and conflicting functions of different hormones, as contributing to the reduction in yield during a combination of water-deficit and heat stress. Future studies focused on the effects of water-deficit and heat stress combination on reproduction of different crops are likely to unravel additional mechanisms, as well as reveal novel ways to develop stress combination-resilient crops. These could mitigate some of the potentially devastating impacts of this stress combination on agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjita Sinha
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Felix B Fritschi
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Sara I Zandalinas
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ron Mittler
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA.
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72
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Creux NM, Brown EA, Garner AG, Saeed S, Scher CL, Holalu SV, Yang D, Maloof JN, Blackman BK, Harmer SL. Flower orientation influences floral temperature, pollinator visits and plant fitness. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:868-879. [PMID: 34318484 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Effective insect pollination requires appropriate responses to internal and external environmental cues in both the plant and the pollinator. Helianthus annuus, a highly outcrossing species, is marked for its uniform eastward orientation of mature pseudanthia, or capitula. Here we investigate how this orientation affects floral microclimate and the consequent effects on plant and pollinator interactions and reproductive fitness. We artificially manipulated sunflower capitulum orientation and temperature in both field and controlled conditions and assessed flower physiology, pollinator visits, seed traits and siring success. East-facing capitula were found to have earlier style elongation, pollen presentation and pollinator visits compared with capitula manipulated to face west. East-facing capitula also sired more offspring than west-facing capitula and under some conditions produced heavier and better-filled seeds. Local ambient temperature change on the capitulum was found to be a key factor regulating the timing of style elongation, pollen emergence and pollinator visits. These results indicate that eastward capitulum orientation helps to control daily rhythms in floral temperature, with direct consequences on the timing of style elongation and pollen emergence, pollinator visitation, and plant fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky M Creux
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, FABI, Innovation Africa, University of Pretoria, Lynwood Road, Hatfield, 0002, South Africa
| | - Evan A Brown
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, PO Box 400328, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Austin G Garner
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, PO Box 400328, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Sana Saeed
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - C Lane Scher
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, PO Box 400328, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Srinidhi V Holalu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Daniel Yang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Julin N Maloof
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Benjamin K Blackman
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, PO Box 400328, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Stacey L Harmer
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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73
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Schindfessel C, Drozdowska Z, De Mooij L, Geelen D. Loss of obligate crossovers, defective cytokinesis and male sterility in barley caused by short-term heat stress. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2021; 34:243-253. [PMID: 34021795 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-021-00415-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Short-term heat stress during male meiosis causes defects in crossover formation, meiotic progression and cell wall formation in the monocot barley, ultimately leading to pollen abortion. High temperature conditions cause a reduction of fertility due to alterations in meiotic processes and gametogenesis. The male gametophyte development has been shown to be particularly sensitive to heat stress, and even short-term and modest temperature shifts cause alterations in crossover formation. In line with previous reports, we observed that male meiosis in the monocot barley exposed for 24-45 h to heat stress (32-42 °C) partially or completely eliminates obligate crossover formation and causes unbalanced chromosome segregation and meiotic abortion. Depending on the severity of heat stress, the structure and organization of the chromosomes were altered. In addition to alterations in chromosome structure and dynamics, heat treatment abolished or reduced the formation of a callose wall surrounding the meiocytes and interrupted the cell cycle progression leading to cytokinesis defects and microspore cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Schindfessel
- Department of Plants and Crops, Unit HortiCell, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zofia Drozdowska
- Department of Plants and Crops, Unit HortiCell, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Len De Mooij
- Department of Plants and Crops, Unit HortiCell, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Danny Geelen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Unit HortiCell, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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74
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Pan C, Yang D, Zhao X, Liu Y, Li M, Ye L, Ali M, Yu F, Lamin-Samu AT, Fei Z, Lu G. PIF4 negatively modulates cold tolerance in tomato anthers via temperature-dependent regulation of tapetal cell death. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:2320-2339. [PMID: 34009394 PMCID: PMC8364245 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Extreme temperature conditions seriously impair male reproductive development in plants; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of anthers to extreme temperatures remain poorly described. The transcription factor phytochrome-interacting factor4 (PIF4) acts as a hub that integrates multiple signaling pathways to regulate thermosensory growth and architectural adaptation in plants. Here, we report that SlPIF4 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plays a pivotal role in regulating cold tolerance in anthers. CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-associated nuclease Cas9-generated SlPIF4 knockout mutants showed enhanced cold tolerance in pollen due to reduced temperature sensitivity of the tapetum, while overexpressing SlPIF4 conferred pollen abortion by delaying tapetal programmed cell death (PCD). SlPIF4 directly interacts with SlDYT1, a direct upstream regulator of SlTDF1, both of which (SlDYT1 and SlTDF1) play important roles in regulating tapetum development and tapetal PCD. Moderately low temperature (MLT) promotes the transcriptional activation of SlTDF1 by the SlPIF4-SlDYT1 complex, resulting in pollen abortion, while knocking out SlPIF4 blocked the MLT-induced activation of SlTDF1. Furthermore, SlPIF4 directly binds to the canonical E-box sequence in the SlDYT1 promoter. Collectively, these findings suggest that SlPIF4 negatively regulates cold tolerance in anthers by directly interacting with the tapetal regulatory module in a temperature-dependent manner. Our results shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the adaptation of anthers to low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changtian Pan
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dandan Yang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhao
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengzhuo Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fangjie Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | | | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- USDA Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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75
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Applications of Impedance Flow Cytometry in Doubled Haploid Technology. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34270062 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1331-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Efficient doubled haploid (DH) plant production is of great interest in the plant breeding industry and research because homozygous lines are obtained within a single generation shortening the breeding cycle substantially. DH protocol development can be a time- and resource-consuming process due to numerous factors affecting its success and efficiency. Here we present concepts and examples about how critical success factors can be identified throughout a DH protocol and an early microspore response monitored by simple impedance flow cytometry (IFC) measurements, which will help to optimize each step of an androgenesis-based DH protocol.
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76
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Miller G, Beery A, Singh PK, Wang F, Zelingher R, Motenko E, Lieberman-Lazarovich M. Contrasting processing tomato cultivars unlink yield and pollen viability under heat stress. AOB PLANTS 2021; 13:plab046. [PMID: 34394907 PMCID: PMC8356174 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is causing temperature increment in crop production areas worldwide, generating conditions of heat stress that negatively affect crop productivity. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), a major vegetable crop, is highly susceptible to conditions of heat stress. When tomato plants are exposed to ambient day/night temperatures that exceed 32 °C/20 °C, respectively, during the reproductive phase, fruit set and fruit weight are reduced, leading to a significant decrease in yield. Processing tomato cultivars are cultivated in open fields, where environmental conditions are not controlled; therefore, plants are exposed to multiple abiotic stresses, including heat stress. Nonetheless, information on stress response in processing tomatoes is very limited. Understanding the physiological response of modern processing tomato cultivars to heat stress may facilitate the development of thermotolerant cultivars. Here, we compared two tomato processing cultivars, H4107 and H9780, that we found to be constantly differing in yield performance. Using field and temperature-controlled greenhouse experiments, we show that the observed difference in yield is attributed to the occurrence of heat stress conditions. In addition, fruit set and seed production were significantly higher in the thermotolerant cultivar H4107, compared with H9780. Despite the general acceptance of pollen viability as a measure of thermotolerance, there was no difference in the percentage of viable pollen between H4107 and H9780 under either of the conditions tested. In addition to observations of similar pollen germination and bud abscission rates, our results suggest that processing tomato cultivars may present a particular case, in which pollen performance is not determining reproductive thermotolerance. Our results also demonstrate the value of combining controlled and uncontrolled experimental settings, in order to validate and identify heat stress-related responses, thus facilitating the development of thermotolerant processing tomato cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golan Miller
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization – Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Avital Beery
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization – Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Prashant Kumar Singh
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization – Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University (A Central University), Pachhunga University College Campus, Aizawl 796005, Mizoram, India
| | - Fengde Wang
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization – Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Rotem Zelingher
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization – Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Economie Publique, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Etel Motenko
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization – Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Michal Lieberman-Lazarovich
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization – Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
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77
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Poidevin L, Forment J, Unal D, Ferrando A. Transcriptome and translatome changes in germinated pollen under heat stress uncover roles of transporter genes involved in pollen tube growth. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021. [PMID: 33289138 DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.29.122937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant reproduction is one key biological process that is very sensitive to heat stress and, as a result, enhanced global warming becomes a serious threat to agriculture. In this work, we have studied the effects of heat on germinated pollen of Arabidopsis thaliana both at the transcriptional and translational level. We have used a high-resolution ribosome profiling technology to provide a comprehensive study of the transcriptome and the translatome of germinated pollen at permissive and restrictive temperatures. We have found significant down-regulation of key membrane transporters required for pollen tube growth by heat, thus uncovering heat-sensitive targets. A subset of the heat-repressed transporters showed coordinated up-regulation with canonical heat-shock genes at permissive conditions. We also found specific regulations at the translational level and we have uncovered the presence of ribosomes on sequences annotated as non-coding. Our results demonstrate that heat impacts mostly on membrane transporters thus explaining the deleterious effects of heat stress on pollen growth. The specific regulations at the translational level and the presence of ribosomes on non-coding RNAs highlights novel regulatory aspects on plant fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Poidevin
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Forment
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dilek Unal
- Biotechnology Application and Research Center, and Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Letter, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Alejandro Ferrando
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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78
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Ma Y, Min L, Wang J, Li Y, Wu Y, Hu Q, Ding Y, Wang M, Liang Y, Gong Z, Xie S, Su X, Wang C, Zhao Y, Fang Q, Li Y, Chi H, Chen M, Khan AH, Lindsey K, Zhu L, Li X, Zhang X. A combination of genome-wide and transcriptome-wide association studies reveals genetic elements leading to male sterility during high temperature stress in cotton. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:165-181. [PMID: 33665819 PMCID: PMC8252431 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Global warming has reduced the productivity of many field-grown crops, as the effects of high temperatures can lead to male sterility in such plants. Genetic regulation of the high temperature (HT) response in the major crop cotton is poorly understood. We determined the functionality and transcriptomes of the anthers of 218 cotton accessions grown under HT stress. By analyzing transcriptome divergence and implementing a genome-wide association study (GWAS), we identified three thermal tolerance associated loci which contained 75 protein coding genes and 27 long noncoding RNAs, and provided expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) for 13 132 transcripts. A transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) confirmed six causal elements for the HT response (three genes overlapped with the GWAS results) which are involved in protein kinase activity. The most susceptible gene, GhHRK1, was confirmed to be a previously uncharacterized negative regulator of the HT response in both cotton and Arabidopsis. These functional variants provide a new understanding of the genetic basis for HT tolerance in male reproductive organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizan Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Ling Min
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Junduo Wang
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural ScienceXinjiang830000China
| | - Yaoyao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Yuanlong Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Qin Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Yuanhao Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Maojun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Yajun Liang
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural ScienceXinjiang830000China
| | - Zhaolong Gong
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural ScienceXinjiang830000China
| | - Sai Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Xiaojun Su
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Chaozhi Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Qidi Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Yanlong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Huabin Chi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Miao Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Aamir Hamid Khan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Keith Lindsey
- Department of BiosciencesDurham UniversityDurhamDH1 3LEUK
| | - Longfu Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Xueyuan Li
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural ScienceXinjiang830000China
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
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79
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Santiago JP, Soltani A, Bresson MM, Preiser AL, Lowry DB, Sharkey TD. Contrasting anther glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities between two bean varieties suggest an important role in reproductive heat tolerance. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2185-2199. [PMID: 33783858 PMCID: PMC8360076 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) are highly sensitive to elevated temperatures, and rising global temperatures threaten bean production. Plants at the reproductive stage are especially susceptible to heat stress due to damage to male (anthers) and female (ovary) reproductive tissues, with anthers being more sensitive to heat. Heat damage promotes early tapetal cell degradation, and in beans this was shown to cause male infertility. In this study, we focus on understanding how changes in leaf carbon export in response to elevated temperature stress contribute to heat-induced infertility. We hypothesize that anther glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity plays an important role at elevated temperature and promotes thermotolerance. To test this hypothesis, we compared heat-tolerant and susceptible common bean genotypes using a combination of phenotypic, biochemical, and physiological approaches. Our results identified changes in leaf sucrose export, anther sugar accumulation and G6PDH activity and anther H2 O2 levels and antioxidant-related enzymes between genotypes at elevated temperature. Further, anther respiration rate was found to be lower at high temperature in both bean varieties. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that enhanced male reproductive heat tolerance involves changes in the anther oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, which supplies reductants to critical H2 O2 scavenging enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P. Santiago
- Michigan State University‐Department of Energy Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Ali Soltani
- Department of Plant BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Madeline M. Bresson
- Michigan State University‐Department of Energy Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Alyssa L. Preiser
- Michigan State University‐Department of Energy Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - David B. Lowry
- Department of Plant BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Thomas D. Sharkey
- Michigan State University‐Department of Energy Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
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80
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Poidevin L, Forment J, Unal D, Ferrando A. Transcriptome and translatome changes in germinated pollen under heat stress uncover roles of transporter genes involved in pollen tube growth. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2167-2184. [PMID: 33289138 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant reproduction is one key biological process that is very sensitive to heat stress and, as a result, enhanced global warming becomes a serious threat to agriculture. In this work, we have studied the effects of heat on germinated pollen of Arabidopsis thaliana both at the transcriptional and translational level. We have used a high-resolution ribosome profiling technology to provide a comprehensive study of the transcriptome and the translatome of germinated pollen at permissive and restrictive temperatures. We have found significant down-regulation of key membrane transporters required for pollen tube growth by heat, thus uncovering heat-sensitive targets. A subset of the heat-repressed transporters showed coordinated up-regulation with canonical heat-shock genes at permissive conditions. We also found specific regulations at the translational level and we have uncovered the presence of ribosomes on sequences annotated as non-coding. Our results demonstrate that heat impacts mostly on membrane transporters thus explaining the deleterious effects of heat stress on pollen growth. The specific regulations at the translational level and the presence of ribosomes on non-coding RNAs highlights novel regulatory aspects on plant fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Poidevin
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Forment
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dilek Unal
- Biotechnology Application and Research Center, and Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Letter, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Alejandro Ferrando
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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81
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Masoomi-Aladizgeh F, Najeeb U, Hamzelou S, Pascovici D, Amirkhani A, Tan DKY, Mirzaei M, Haynes PA, Atwell BJ. Pollen development in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is highly sensitive to heat exposure during the tetrad stage. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2150-2166. [PMID: 33047317 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The development of gametes in plants is acutely susceptible to heatwaves as brief as a few days, adversely affecting pollen maturation and reproductive success. Pollen in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) was differentially affected when tetrad and binucleate stages were exposed to heat, revealing new insights into the interaction between heat and pollen development. Squares were tagged and exposed to 36/25°C (day/night, moderate heat) or 40/30°C (day/night, extreme heat) for 5 days. Mature pollen grains and leaves were collected for physiological and proteomic responses. While photosynthetic competence was not compromised even at 40°C, leaf tissues became leakier. In contrast, pollen grains were markedly smaller after the tetrad stage was exposed to 40°C and boll production was reduced by 65%. Sugar levels in pollen grains were elevated after exposure to heat, eliminating carbohydrate deficits as a likely cause of poor reproductive capacity. Proteomic analysis of pure pollen samples revealed a particularly high abundance of 70-kDa heat shock (Hsp70s) and cytoskeletal proteins. While short-term bursts of heat had a minor impact on leaves, male gametophyte development was profoundly damaged. Cotton acclimates to maxima of 36°C at both the vegetative and reproductive stages but 5-days exposure to 40°C significantly impairs reproductive development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ullah Najeeb
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
| | - Sara Hamzelou
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dana Pascovici
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ardeshir Amirkhani
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel K Y Tan
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul A Haynes
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brian J Atwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
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82
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Jagadish SVK, Way DA, Sharkey TD. Plant heat stress: Concepts directing future research. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1992-2005. [PMID: 33745205 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Predicted increases in future global temperatures require us to better understand the dimensions of heat stress experienced by plants. Here we highlight four key areas for improving our approach towards understanding plant heat stress responses. First, although the term 'heat stress' is broadly used, that term encompasses heat shock, heat wave and warming experiments, which vary in the duration and magnitude of temperature increase imposed. A greater integration of results and tools across these approaches is needed to better understand how heat stress associated with global warming will affect plants. Secondly, there is a growing need to associate plant responses to tissue temperatures. We review how plant energy budgets determine tissue temperature and discuss the implications of using leaf versus air temperature for heat stress studies. Third, we need to better understand how heat stress affects reproduction, particularly understudied stages such as floral meristem initiation and development. Fourth, we emphasise the need to integrate heat stress recovery into breeding programs to complement recent progress in improving plant heat stress tolerance. Taken together, we provide insights into key research gaps in plant heat stress and provide suggestions on addressing these gaps to enhance heat stress resilience in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Science & Technology Group, Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - Thomas D Sharkey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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83
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Chaturvedi P, Wiese AJ, Ghatak A, Záveská Drábková L, Weckwerth W, Honys D. Heat stress response mechanisms in pollen development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:571-585. [PMID: 33818773 PMCID: PMC9292940 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Being rooted in place, plants are faced with the challenge of responding to unfavourable local conditions. One such condition, heat stress, contributes massively to crop losses globally. Heatwaves are predicted to increase, and it is of vital importance to generate crops that are tolerant to not only heat stress but also to several other abiotic stresses (e.g. drought stress, salinity stress) to ensure that global food security is protected. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the temperature stress response in pollen will be a significant step towards developing effective breeding strategies for high and stable production in crop plants. While most studies have focused on the vegetative phase of plant growth to understand heat stress tolerance, it is the reproductive phase that requires more attention as it is more sensitive to elevated temperatures. Every phase of reproductive development is affected by environmental challenges, including pollen and ovule development, pollen tube growth, male-female cross-talk, fertilization, and embryo development. In this review we summarize how pollen is affected by heat stress and the molecular mechanisms employed during the stress period, as revealed by classical and -omics experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Chaturvedi
- Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS)Department of Functional and Evolutionary EcologyFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 14Vienna1090Austria
| | - Anna J. Wiese
- Laboratory of Pollen BiologyInstitute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesRozvojová 263Prague 6165 02Czech Republic
| | - Arindam Ghatak
- Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS)Department of Functional and Evolutionary EcologyFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 14Vienna1090Austria
| | - Lenka Záveská Drábková
- Laboratory of Pollen BiologyInstitute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesRozvojová 263Prague 6165 02Czech Republic
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS)Department of Functional and Evolutionary EcologyFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 14Vienna1090Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME)University of ViennaAlthanstrasse 14Vienna1090Austria
| | - David Honys
- Laboratory of Pollen BiologyInstitute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesRozvojová 263Prague 6165 02Czech Republic
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84
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Zhu T, De Lima CFF, De Smet I. The Heat is On: How Crop Growth, Development and Yield Respond to High Temperature. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021:erab308. [PMID: 34185832 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants are exposed to a wide range of temperatures during their life cycle and need to continuously adapt. These adaptations need to deal with temperature changes on a daily and seasonal level and with temperatures affected by climate change. Increasing global temperatures negatively impact crop performance, and several physiological, biochemical, morphological and developmental responses to increased temperature have been described that allow plants to mitigate this. In this review, we assess various growth, development, and yield-related responses of crops to extreme and moderate high temperature, focusing on knowledge gained from both monocot (e.g. wheat, barley, maize, rice) and dicot crops (e.g. soybean and tomato) and incorporating information from model plants (e.g. Arabidopsis and Brachypodium). This revealed common and different responses between dicot and monocot crops, and defined different temperature thresholds depending on the species, growth stage and organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhu
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cassio Flavio Fonseca De Lima
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ive De Smet
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
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85
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Browne RG, Li SF, Iacuone S, Dolferus R, Parish RW. Differential responses of anthers of stress tolerant and sensitive wheat cultivars to high temperature stress. PLANTA 2021; 254:4. [PMID: 34131818 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03656-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptomic analyses identified anther-expressed genes in wheat likely to contribute to heat tolerance and hence provide useful genetic markers. The genes included those involved in hormone biosynthesis, signal transduction, the heat shock response and anther development. Pollen development is particularly sensitive to high temperature heat stress. In wheat, heat-tolerant and heat-sensitive cultivars have been identified, although the underlying genetic causes for these differences are largely unknown. The effects of heat stress on the developing anthers of two heat-tolerant and two heat-sensitive wheat cultivars were examined in this study. Heat stress (35 °C) was found to disrupt pollen development in the two heat-sensitive wheat cultivars but had no visible effect on pollen or anther development in the two heat-tolerant cultivars. The sensitive anthers exhibited a range of developmental abnormalities including an increase in unfilled and clumped pollen grains, abnormal pollen walls and a decrease in pollen viability. This subsequently led to a greater reduction in grain yield in the sensitive cultivars following heat stress. Transcriptomic analyses of heat-stressed developing wheat anthers of the four cultivars identified a number of key genes which may contribute to heat stress tolerance during pollen development. Orthologs of some of these genes in Arabidopsis and rice are involved in regulation of the heat stress response and the synthesis of auxin, ethylene and gibberellin. These genes constitute candidate molecular markers for the breeding of heat-tolerant wheat lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Browne
- AgriBio, Centre for Agribioscience, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Song F Li
- AgriBio, Centre for Agribioscience, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Sylvana Iacuone
- AgriBio, Centre for Agribioscience, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne Polytechnic, Epping, VIC, Australia
| | - Rudy Dolferus
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Roger W Parish
- AgriBio, Centre for Agribioscience, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
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86
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Yang D, Xu H, Liu Y, Li M, Ali M, Xu X, Lu G. RNA N6-Methyladenosine Responds to Low-Temperature Stress in Tomato Anthers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:687826. [PMID: 34149789 PMCID: PMC8213351 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.687826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress is a serious threat to subtropical crop pollen development and induces yield decline. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most frequent mRNA modification and plays multiple physiological functions in plant development. However, whether m6A regulates pollen development is unclear, and its putative role in cold stress response remains unknown. Here, we observed that moderate low-temperature (MLT) stress induced pollen abortion in tomato. This phenotype was caused by disruption of tapetum development and pollen exine formation, accompanied by reduced m6A levels in tomato anther. Analysis of m6A-seq data revealed 1,805 transcripts displayed reduced m6A levels and 978 transcripts showed elevated m6A levels in MLT-stressed anthers compared with those in anthers under normal temperature. These differentially m6A enriched transcripts under MLT stress were mainly related to lipid metabolism, adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity, and ATP-binding pathways. An ATP-binding transcript, SlABCG31, had significantly upregulated m6A modification levels, which was inversely correlated to the dramatically downregulated expression level. These changes correlated with higher abscisic acid (ABA) levels in anthers and disrupted pollen wall formation under low-temperature stress. Our findings characterized m6A as a novel layer of complexity in gene expression regulation and established a molecular link between m6A methylation and tomato anther development under low-temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Yang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huachao Xu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengzhuo Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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87
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D E Lima CFF, Kleine-Vehn J, De Smet I, Feraru E. Getting to the Root of Belowground High Temperature Responses in Plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021:erab202. [PMID: 33970267 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The environment is continuously challenging plants. As a response, plants use various coping strategies, such as adaptation of their growth. Thermomorphogenesis is a specific growth adaptation that promotes organ growth in response to moderately high temperature. This would eventually enable plants to cool down by dissipating the heat. Although well understood for shoot organs, the thermomorphogenesis response in roots only recently obtained increasing research attention. Accordingly, in the last few years, the hormonal responses and underlying molecular players important for root thermomorphogenesis were revealed. Other responses triggered by high temperature in the root encompass modifications of overall root architecture and interactions with the soil environment, with consequences on the whole plant. Here, we review the scientific knowledge and highlight the current understanding on roots responding to moderately high and extreme temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassio Flavio Fonseca D E Lima
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Molecular Plant Physiology (MoPP), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ive De Smet
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elena Feraru
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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88
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Kim T, Samraj S, Jiménez J, Gómez C, Liu T, Begcy K. Genome-wide identification of heat shock factors and heat shock proteins in response to UV and high intensity light stress in lettuce. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:185. [PMID: 33865315 PMCID: PMC8053295 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02959-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat shock factors (Hsfs) and Heat shock proteins (Hsps) belong to an essential group of molecular regulators involved in controlling cellular processes under normal and stress conditions. The role of Hsfs and Hsps is well known in model plant species under diverse stress conditions. While plants Hsfs are vital components of the signal transduction response to maintain cellular homeostasis, Hsps function as chaperones helping to maintain folding of damaged and newly formed proteins during stress conditions. In lettuce (Lactuca sativa), a highly consumed vegetable crop grown in the field and in hydroponic systems, the role of these gene families in response to artificial light is not well characterized. RESULTS Using a genome-wide analysis approach, we identified 32 Hsfs and 22 small heat shock proteins (LsHsps) in lettuce, some of which do not have orthologs in Arabidopsis, poplar, and rice. LsHsp60s, LsHsp90s, and LsHsp100s are highly conserved among dicot and monocot species. Surprisingly, LsHsp70s have three times more members than Arabidopsis and two times more than rice. Interestingly, the lettuce genome triplication did not contribute to the increased number of LsHsp70s genes. The large number of LsHsp70s was the result of genome tandem duplication. Chromosomal distribution analysis shows larger tandem repeats of LsHsp70s genes in Chr1, Chr7, Chr8, and Chr9. At the transcriptional level, some genes of the LsHsfs, LsHsps, LsHsp60s, and LsHsp70s families were highly responsive to UV and high intensity light stress, in contrast to LsHsp90s and LsHsp100s which did not respond to a light stimulus. CONCLUSIONS Our genome-wide analysis provides a detailed identification of Hsfs and Hsps in lettuce. Chromosomal location and syntenic region analysis together with our transcriptional analysis under different light conditions provide candidate genes for breeding programs aiming to produce lettuce varieties able to grow healthy under hydroponic systems that use artificial light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehoon Kim
- University of Florida, Environmental Horticulture Department, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Shafina Samraj
- University of Florida, Environmental Horticulture Department, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Juan Jiménez
- University of Florida, Environmental Horticulture Department, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Celina Gómez
- University of Florida, Environmental Horticulture Department, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Tie Liu
- University of Florida, Horticultural Science Department, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Kevin Begcy
- University of Florida, Environmental Horticulture Department, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA.
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89
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Singh MB, Lohani N, Bhalla PL. The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response in Pollen Development and Heat Stress Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:661062. [PMID: 33936150 PMCID: PMC8079734 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.661062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is defined by a protracted disruption in protein folding and accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER. This accumulation of unfolded proteins can result from excessive demands on the protein folding machinery triggered by environmental and cellular stresses such as nutrient deficiencies, oxidative stress, pathogens, and heat. The cell responds to ER stress by activating a protective pathway termed unfolded protein response (UPR), which comprises cellular mechanisms targeted to maintain cellular homeostasis by increasing the ER's protein folding capacity. The UPR is especially significant for plants as being sessile requires them to adapt to multiple environmental stresses. While multiple stresses trigger the UPR at the vegetative stage, it appears to be active constitutively in the anthers of unstressed plants. Transcriptome analysis reveals significant upregulation of ER stress-related transcripts in diploid meiocytes and haploid microspores. Interestingly, several ER stress-related genes are specifically upregulated in the sperm cells. The analysis of gene knockout mutants in Arabidopsis has revealed that defects in ER stress response lead to the failure of normal pollen development and enhanced susceptibility of male gametophyte to heat stress conditions. In this mini-review, we provide an overview of the role of ER stress and UPR in pollen development and its protective roles in maintaining male fertility under heat stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Prem L. Bhalla
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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90
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Chen Z, Gallavotti A. Improving architectural traits of maize inflorescences. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2021; 41:21. [PMID: 37309422 PMCID: PMC10236070 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-021-01212-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The domestication and improvement of maize resulted in radical changes in shoot architecture relative to its wild progenitor teosinte. In particular, critical modifications involved a reduction of branching and an increase in inflorescence size to meet the needs for human consumption and modern agricultural practices. Maize is a major contributor to global agricultural production by providing large and inexpensive quantities of food, animal feed, and ethanol. Maize is also a classic system for studying the genetic regulation of inflorescence formation and its enlarged female inflorescences directly influence seed production and yield. Studies on the molecular and genetic networks regulating meristem proliferation and maintenance, including receptor-ligand interactions, transcription factor regulation, and hormonal control, provide important insights into maize inflorescence development and reveal potential avenues for the targeted modification of specific architectural traits. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the molecular mechanisms controlling inflorescence formation and discuss how this knowledge can be applied to improve maize productivity in the face of present and future environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongliang Chen
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020 USA
| | - Andrea Gallavotti
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020 USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
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91
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Rutley N, Poidevin L, Doniger T, Tillett RL, Rath A, Forment J, Luria G, Schlauch KA, Ferrando A, Harper JF, Miller G. Characterization of novel pollen-expressed transcripts reveals their potential roles in pollen heat stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2021; 34:61-78. [PMID: 33459869 PMCID: PMC7902599 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-020-00400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis pollen transcriptome analysis revealed new intergenic transcripts of unknown function, many of which are long non-coding RNAs, that may function in pollen-specific processes, including the heat stress response. The male gametophyte is the most heat sensitive of all plant tissues. In recent years, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as important components of cellular regulatory networks involved in most biological processes, including response to stress. While examining RNAseq datasets of developing and germinating Arabidopsis thaliana pollen exposed to heat stress (HS), we identified 66 novel and 246 recently annotated intergenic expressed loci (XLOCs) of unknown function, with the majority encoding lncRNAs. Comparison with HS in cauline leaves and other RNAseq experiments indicated that 74% of the 312 XLOCs are pollen-specific, and at least 42% are HS-responsive. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 96% of the genes evolved recently in Brassicaceae. We found that 50 genes are putative targets of microRNAs and that 30% of the XLOCs contain small open reading frames (ORFs) with homology to protein sequences. Finally, RNAseq of ribosome-protected RNA fragments together with predictions of periodic footprint of the ribosome P-sites indicated that 23 of these ORFs are likely to be translated. Our findings indicate that many of the 312 unknown genes might be functional and play a significant role in pollen biology, including the HS response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Rutley
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Laetitia Poidevin
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient́́if́icas-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Tirza Doniger
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Richard L Tillett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada at Reno, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
- Nevada INBRE Bioinformatics Core, University of Nevada at Reno, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Abhishek Rath
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Javier Forment
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient́́if́icas-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gilad Luria
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Karen A Schlauch
- Institute of Health Innovation, Desert Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada at Reno, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Alejandro Ferrando
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient́́if́icas-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jeffery F Harper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada at Reno, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Gad Miller
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
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92
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Du W, Ruan C, Li J, Li H, Ding J, Zhao S, Jiang X. Quantitative proteomic analysis of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge seedlings in response to drought and heat stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 160:8-17. [PMID: 33445043 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Yellowhorn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge) is a woody oil species that is widely distributed in northwestern China. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the drought and heat tolerance response of yellowhorn seedlings, changes in protein abundance were analyzed via comparative proteomics. Drought and heat treatment of seedlings was applied in growth chamber, and the leaves were harvested after 7 days of treatment. The total protein was extracted, and comparative proteomic analysis was performed via isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). The abundance of most of the proteins associated with oxidative phosphorylation, NADH dehydrogenase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was reduced. The differential proteins associated with photosynthesis enzymes indicated that stress had different effects on photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII). After comprehensively analyzing the results, we speculated that drought and heat stress could hinder the synthesis of riboflavin, reducing NADH dehydrogenase content, which might further have an impact on energy utilization. Yellowhorn seedlings relied on Fe-Mn SOD enzymes rather than Cu/Zn SOD enzymes to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, heat-shock proteins (HSPs) had significant increase and played a key role in stress response, which could be divided into two categories according to their transcription and translation efficiency. Over all, the results can provide a basis for understanding the molecular mechanism underlying resistance to drought and heat stress in yellowhorn and for subsequent research of posttranslational modification-related omics of key proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- Institute of Plant Resources, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Chengjiang Ruan
- Institute of Plant Resources, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, 116600, China.
| | - Jingbin Li
- Institute of Plant Resources, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - He Li
- Institute of Plant Resources, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Jian Ding
- Institute of Plant Resources, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Siyang Zhao
- Institute of Plant Resources, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Institute of Plant Resources, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, 116600, China
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93
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Lohani N, Singh MB, Bhalla PL. RNA-Seq Highlights Molecular Events Associated With Impaired Pollen-Pistil Interactions Following Short-Term Heat Stress in Brassica napus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:622748. [PMID: 33584763 PMCID: PMC7872974 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.622748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The global climate change is leading to increased frequency of heatwaves with crops getting exposed to extreme temperature events. Such temperature spikes during the reproductive stage of plant development can harm crop fertility and productivity. Here we report the response of short-term heat stress events on the pollen and pistil tissues in a commercially grown cultivar of Brassica napus. Our data reveals that short-term temperature spikes not only affect pollen fitness but also impair the ability of the pistil to support pollen germination and pollen tube growth and that the heat stress sensitivity of pistil can have severe consequences for seed set and yield. Comparative transcriptome profiling of non-stressed and heat-stressed (40°C for 30 min) pollen and pistil (stigma + style) highlighted the underlying cellular mechanisms involved in heat stress response in these reproductive tissues. In pollen, cell wall organization and cellular transport-related genes possibly regulate pollen fitness under heat stress while the heat stress-induced repression of transcription factor encoding transcripts is a feature of the pistil response. Overall, high temperature altered the expression of genes involved in protein processing, regulation of transcription, pollen-pistil interactions, and misregulation of cellular organization, transport, and metabolism. Our results show that short episodes of high-temperature exposure in B. napus modulate key regulatory pathways disrupted reproductive processes, ultimately translating to yield loss. Further investigations on the genes and networks identified in the present study pave a way toward genetic improvement of the thermotolerance and reproductive performance of B. napus varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Prem L. Bhalla
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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94
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Rutley N, Miller G, Wang F, Harper JF, Miller G, Lieberman-Lazarovich M. Enhanced Reproductive Thermotolerance of the Tomato high pigment 2 Mutant Is Associated With Increased Accumulation of Flavonols in Pollen. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:672368. [PMID: 34093629 PMCID: PMC8171326 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.672368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has created an environment where heat stress conditions are becoming more frequent as temperatures continue to raise in crop production areas around the world. This situation leads to decreased crop production due to plant sensitivity to heat stress. Reproductive success is critically dependent on plants' ability to produce functional pollen grains, which are the most thermo-sensitive tissue. Flavonols are plant secondary metabolites known for their potent antioxidative activity, essential for male fertility in several species including tomato, and implicated in heat stress tolerance. Since flavonols are highly abundant in fruits of the tomato high pigment 2 (hp2) mutant, we tested the level of flavonols in pollen of this mutant, under the hypothesis that increased accumulation of flavonols would render pollen more tolerant to heat stress. Indeed, pollen from two alleles of the hp2 mutant was found to have flavonols levels increased by 18 and 280% compared with wild-type (WT) under moderate chronic heat stress (MCHS) conditions. This mutant produced on average 7.8-fold higher levels of viable pollen and displayed better germination competence under heat stress conditions. The percentage of fully seeded fruits and the number of seeds per fruit were maintained in the mutant under heat stress conditions while decreased in wild-type plants. Our results strongly suggest that increased concentrations of pollen flavonols enhance pollen thermotolerance and reproductive success under heat stress conditions. Thus, the high flavonols trait may help frame the model for improving crop resilience to heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Rutley
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Golan Miller
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization – Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Fengde Wang
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization – Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Jeffrey F Harper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Gad Miller
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Lieberman-Lazarovich
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization – Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- *Correspondence: Michal Lieberman-Lazarovich,
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95
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Chen L, Yun M, Cao Z, Liang Z, Liu W, Wang M, Yan J, Yang S, He X, Jiang B, Peng Q, Lin Y. Phenotypic Characteristics and Transcriptome of Cucumber Male Flower Development Under Heat Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:758976. [PMID: 34745192 PMCID: PMC8570340 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.758976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an important vegetable crop, which is thermophilic not heat resistant. High-temperature stress always results in sterility at reproductive stage. In the present study, we evaluate the male flower developmental changes under normal (CK) and heat stress (HS) condition. After HS, the activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) were increased. In addition, the pollen fertility was significantly decreased; and abnormal tapetum and microspore were observed by paraffin section. Transcriptome analysis results presented that total of 5828 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified after HS. Among these DEGs, 20 DEGs were found at four stages, including DNA binding transcription factor, glycosyltransferase, and wound-responsive family protein. The gene ontology term of carbohydrate metabolic process was significantly enriched in all anther stages, and many saccharides and starch synthase-related genes, such as invertase, sucrose synthase, and starch branching enzyme, were significantly different expressed in HS compared with CK. Furthermore, co-expression network analysis showed a module (midnightblue) strongly consistent with HS, and two hub genes (CsaV3_6G004180 and CsaV3_5G034860) were found with a high degree of connectivity to other genes. Our results provide comprehensive understandings on male flower development in cucumber under HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maomao Yun
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenqiang Cao
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaojun Liang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenrui Liu
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Wang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinqiang Yan
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songguang Yang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming He
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biao Jiang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingwu Peng
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu’e Lin
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yu’e Lin,
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96
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Effect of High-Temperature Events When Heading into the Maturity Period on Summer Maize (Zea mays L.) Yield in the Huang-Huai-Hai Region, China. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11121291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The predicted increase in the frequency of extreme climatic events in the future may have a negative effect on cereal production, but our understanding of the historical trends of high-temperature events associated with climate change and their long-term impact on summer maize yield is limited. Based on an analysis of historical climate and summer maize yield data from 1980 to 2016 in the Huang-Huai-Hai (3H) region of China, we calculated two high-temperature event indices, namely, high-temperature hours (HTH) and high-temperature degrees (HTD, the sum of the differences between 35 °C and above), and then investigated the temporal trend of high-temperature events from maize heading to maturity and their impact on the yield of summer maize. Our results indicated that the air temperature showed a significant upward trend when heading into the maturity period of summer maize in the 3H region from 1980–2016 and that the increase was greater in the northern Huang-Huai-Hai (N3H) region than in the southern Huang-Huai-Hai (S3H) region. The intensity of high-temperature events when heading into the maturity period increased considerably from 1980 to 2016 in the 3H region, especially in the S3H region. The HTH and HTD increased by 1.30 h and 0.80 °C per decade in the S3H region, respectively. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis of panel data showed that the increases in HTH and HTD when heading into the maturity period had a consistent negative effect on yield in S3H and N3H regions; this effect was more obvious in the S3H region. In the S3H region, a 1 h increase in HTH was found to be associated with a 0.45–1.13% decrease in yield and a 1 °C increase in HTD could result in a yield loss of 1.34–4.29%. High-temperature events were detrimental to summer maize production, and the severity of this effect was projected to increase in the 3H region. In this study, we used two indices (HTH and HTD) to quantify the impact of high-temperature events on summer maize yield during the critical growth phase (heading to maturity) at a small timescale (hours and days). The results of this study can provide a reference for policymakers to use in the formulation of corresponding climate change adaptation strategies.
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97
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Genome-Wide Development and Validation of Cost-Effective KASP Marker Assays for Genetic Dissection of Heat Stress Tolerance in Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197386. [PMID: 33036291 PMCID: PMC7582619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize is the third most important cereal crop worldwide. However, its production is vulnerable to heat stress, which is expected to become more and more severe in coming years. Germplasm resilient to heat stress has been identified, but its underlying genetic basis remains poorly understood. Genomic mapping technologies can fill the void, provided robust markers are available to tease apart the genotype-phenotype relationship. In the present investigation, we used data from an RNA-seq experiment to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between two contrasting lines, LM11 and CML25, sensitive and tolerant to heat stress, respectively. The libraries for RNA-seq were made following heat stress treatment from three separate tissues/organs, comprising the top leaf, ovule, and pollen, all of which are highly vulnerable to damage by heat stress. The single nucleotide variants (SNVs) calling used STAR mapper and GATK caller pipelines in a combined approach to identify highly accurate SNPs between the two lines. A total of 554,423, 410,698, and 596,868 SNVs were discovered between LM11 and CML25 after comparing the transcript sequence reads from the leaf, pollen, and ovule libraries, respectively. Hundreds of these SNPs were then selected to develop into genome-wide Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) markers, which were validated to be robust with a successful SNP conversion rate of 71%. Subsequently, these KASP markers were used to effectively genotype an F2 mapping population derived from a cross of LM11 and CML25. Being highly cost-effective, these KASP markers provide a reliable molecular marker toolkit to not only facilitate the genetic dissection of the trait of heat stress tolerance but also to accelerate the breeding of heat-resilient maize by marker-assisted selection (MAS).
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98
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Necrotic upper tips1 mimics heat and drought stress and encodes a protoxylem-specific transcription factor in maize. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20908-20919. [PMID: 32778598 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2005014117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining sufficient water transport during flowering is essential for proper organ growth, fertilization, and yield. Water deficits that coincide with flowering result in leaf wilting, necrosis, tassel browning, and sterility, a stress condition known as "tassel blasting." We identified a mutant, necrotic upper tips1 (nut1), that mimics tassel blasting and drought stress and reveals the genetic mechanisms underlying these processes. The nut1 phenotype is evident only after the floral transition, and the mutants have difficulty moving water as shown by dye uptake and movement assays. These defects are correlated with reduced protoxylem vessel thickness that indirectly affects metaxylem cell wall integrity and function in the mutant. nut1 is caused by an Ac transposon insertion into the coding region of a unique NAC transcription factor within the VND clade of Arabidopsis NUT1 localizes to the developing protoxylem of root, stem, and leaf sheath, but not metaxylem, and its expression is induced by flowering. NUT1 downstream target genes function in cell wall biosynthesis, apoptosis, and maintenance of xylem cell wall thickness and strength. These results show that maintaining protoxylem vessel integrity during periods of high water movement requires the expression of specialized, dynamically regulated transcription factors within the vasculature.
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99
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Hirayama T, Saisho D, Matsuura T, Okada S, Takahagi K, Kanatani A, Ito J, Tsuji H, Ikeda Y, Mochida K. Life-Course Monitoring of Endogenous Phytohormone Levels under Field Conditions Reveals Diversity of Physiological States among Barley Accessions. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:1438-1448. [PMID: 32294217 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Agronomically important traits often develop during the later stages of crop growth as consequences of various plant-environment interactions. Therefore, the temporal physiological states that change and accumulate during the crop's life course can significantly affect the eventual phenotypic differences in agronomic traits among crop varieties. Thus, to improve productivity, it is important to elucidate the associations between temporal physiological responses during the growth of different crop varieties and their agronomic traits. However, data representing the dynamics and diversity of physiological states in plants grown under field conditions are sparse. In this study, we quantified the endogenous levels of five phytohormones - auxin, cytokinins (CKs), ABA, jasmonate and salicylic acid - in the leaves of eight diverse barley (Hordeum vulgare) accessions grown under field conditions sampled weekly over their life course to assess the ongoing fluctuations in hormone levels in the different accessions under field growth conditions. Notably, we observed enormous changes over time in the development-related plant hormones, such as auxin and CKs. Using 3' RNA-seq-based transcriptome data from the same samples, we investigated the expression of barley genes orthologous to known hormone-related genes of Arabidopsis throughout the life course. These data illustrated the dynamics and diversity of the physiological states of these field-grown barley accessions. Together, our findings provide new insights into plant-environment interactions, highlighting that there is cultivar diversity in physiological responses during growth under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hirayama
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046 Japan
| | - Daisuke Saisho
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046 Japan
| | - Takakazu Matsuura
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046 Japan
| | - Satoshi Okada
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046 Japan
| | - Kotaro Takahagi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Asaka Kanatani
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Jun Ito
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maiokacho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuji
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maiokacho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813 Japan
| | - Yoko Ikeda
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046 Japan
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046 Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maiokacho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813 Japan
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100
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Ambastha V, Leshem Y. Differential cell persistence is observed in the Arabidopsis female gametophyte during heat stress. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2020; 33:111-116. [PMID: 32405809 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-020-00390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The central cell withstands heat stress better than the egg and antipodal cells. Insilco analysis of transcriptomic data identified several heat responsive genes which are central cell specific. Crop damage due to heat stress (HS) is a major cause of yield lost. Plants are particularly susceptible to negative effects of HS during gametophyte development and fertilization. Extensive studies have been performed on the male gametophyte under HS, but how the female gametophyte copes with HS is largely unknown. To learn how the different cell types of the female gametophyte reacts to HS, we studied unfertilized CDC123::H2B:YFP ovules. We found that the YFP-specific florescent signal persisted in the central cell during HS significantly more than the egg cell. We also found that the fluorescent signal persistence was the lowest in the antipodal cells. This finding suggests that the reaction of the female gametophyte to HS is rather unique and differentially mediated according to the cell's identity. In addition, mining through published transcriptomic datasets we found that several important heat stress responsive genes which are extremely upregulated during HS (more than 64-fold) are specifically expressed in the CC but not in the EC. Further research such as comparative transcriptomics and cell biology will likely shed more light on the phenomena reported here and increase our basic understandings about the ways sexual reproduction processes are affected by heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Ambastha
- Department of Plant Sciences, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, 2 Tarshish St., P.O.B. 831, 11016, Kiryat-Shmona, Israel
| | - Yehoram Leshem
- Department of Plant Sciences, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, 2 Tarshish St., P.O.B. 831, 11016, Kiryat-Shmona, Israel.
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