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Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Kressig RW, Meier C, Stute P. Empfehlung zu Vitamin D im Rahmen der COVID-19-Pandemie für Geriater*Innen und Hausärzt*Innen. JOURNAL FÜR GYNÄKOLOGISCHE ENDOKRINOLOGIE/SCHWEIZ 2021. [PMCID: PMC7889707 DOI: 10.1007/s41975-021-00180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heike A. Bischoff-Ferrari
- Geriatrie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz
- Universitäre Klinik für Akutgeriatrie, Stadtspital Waid & Triemli, Zürich, Schweiz
- Lehrstuhl Geriatrie und Altersforschung, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Reto W. Kressig
- Universitäre Altersmedizin FELIX PLATTER, Basel, Schweiz
- Klinische Professur für Geriatrie, Universität Basel, Basel, Schweiz
| | - Christian Meier
- Klinik für Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Metabolismus, Universitätsspital Basel, Basel, Schweiz
- Endokrinologische Praxis, Osteologisches Universitätsforschungszentrum DVO, Basel, Schweiz
| | - Petra Stute
- Abteilung für Gynäkologische Endokrinologie und Reproduktionsmedizin, Frauenklinik, Inselspital, Friedbühlstrasse 19, 3010 Bern, Schweiz
- Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Gynäkologische Endokrinologie und Menopause, SGEM, Lausanne, Schweiz
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Alfawaz H, Yakout SM, Wani K, Aljumah GA, Ansari MGA, Khattak MNK, Hussain SD, Al-Daghri NM. Dietary Intake and Mental Health among Saudi Adults during COVID-19 Lockdown. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041653. [PMID: 33572328 PMCID: PMC7916162 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to explore the influence of the COVID-19 lockdown on the mental status and dietary intake of residents in Saudi Arabia. In this cross-sectional study, an online survey was conducted from 11 May to 6 June 2020 corresponding to almost two weeks during and after Ramadan (23 April–23 May 2020). The Patient Health Questionnaire was used to assess anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of anxiety, depression, and insomnia. The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and insomnia among the participants was 25.4%, 27.7%, and 19.6%, respectively. Participants aged ≥50 years with high income (≥8000 SAR) were at a lower risk of developing depression, whereas participants of the same age group with income 5000–7000 SAR were at high risk of developing anxiety. Students and master-educated participants suffer from median elevated depression and are required to take more multivitamins and vitamin D than others. Anxiety and depression were more common among married participants with low income. There is a wide range of Saudi residents who are at a higher risk of mental illness during the COVID-19 pandemic. Policymakers and mental healthcare providers are advised to provide continuous monitoring of the psychological consequences during this pandemic and provide mental support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Alfawaz
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food Science & Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia;
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.Y.); (K.W.); (M.G.A.A.); (M.N.K.K.); (S.D.H.)
| | - Sobhy M. Yakout
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.Y.); (K.W.); (M.G.A.A.); (M.N.K.K.); (S.D.H.)
| | - Kaiser Wani
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.Y.); (K.W.); (M.G.A.A.); (M.N.K.K.); (S.D.H.)
| | | | - Mohammed G. A. Ansari
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.Y.); (K.W.); (M.G.A.A.); (M.N.K.K.); (S.D.H.)
| | - Malak N. K. Khattak
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.Y.); (K.W.); (M.G.A.A.); (M.N.K.K.); (S.D.H.)
| | - Syed D. Hussain
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.Y.); (K.W.); (M.G.A.A.); (M.N.K.K.); (S.D.H.)
| | - Nasser M. Al-Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.Y.); (K.W.); (M.G.A.A.); (M.N.K.K.); (S.D.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Lordan R, Rando HM, Greene CS. Dietary Supplements and Nutraceuticals Under Investigation for COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment. ARXIV 2021:arXiv:2102.02250v1. [PMID: 33564696 PMCID: PMC7872359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused global disruption and a significant loss of life. Existing treatments that can be repurposed as prophylactic and therapeutic agents could reduce the pandemic's devastation. Emerging evidence of potential applications in other therapeutic contexts has led to the investigation of dietary supplements and nutraceuticals for COVID-19. Such products include vitamin C, vitamin D, omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, probiotics, and zinc, all of which are currently under clinical investigation. In this review, we critically appraise the evidence surrounding dietary supplements and nutraceuticals for the prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19. Overall, further study is required before evidence-based recommendations can be formulated, but nutritional status plays a significant role in patient outcomes, and these products could help alleviate deficiencies. For example, evidence indicates that vitamin D deficiency may be associated with greater incidence of infection and severity of COVID-19, suggesting that vitamin D supplementation may hold prophylactic or therapeutic value. A growing number of scientific organizations are now considering recommending vitamin D supplementation to those at high risk of COVID-19. Because research in vitamin D and other nutraceuticals and supplements is preliminary, here we evaluate the extent to which these nutraceutical and dietary supplements hold potential in the COVID-19 crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Lordan
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158, USA
| | - Halie M Rando
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Casey S Greene
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America; Childhood Cancer Data Lab, Alex's Lemonade Stand Foundation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America; Center for Health AI, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
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Nikolac Gabaj N, Unic A, Miler M, Pavicic T, Culej J, Bolanca I, Herman Mahecic D, Milevoj Kopcinovic L, Vrtaric A. In sickness and in health: pivotal role of vitamin D. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2021; 30:020501. [PMID: 32550812 PMCID: PMC7271749 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2020.020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the last several years, frequency of vitamin D testing has multiplied substantially all over the world, since it has been shown to have an important role in many diseases and conditions. Even though liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been identified as "gold standard" method for vitamin D measurement, most laboratories still use immunochemistry methods. Besides analytical problems (hydrophobicity, low circulating concentrations, ability to bind to lipids, albumins and vitamin D binding protein, presence of multiple vitamin D metabolites and variable ratios of 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 in the blood), vitamin D shows great preanalytical variability, since its concentration is drastically influenced by seasonal changes, exposure to sun, type of clothes or sun block creams. Vitamin D is mostly measured in serum or plasma, but new studies are showing importance of measuring vitamin D in pleural effusions, breast milk, urine, synovial fluid and saliva. Besides the main role in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism, many studies linked vitamin D deficiency with cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, fertility and many other conditions. However, even though initial observational studies indicated that supplementation with vitamin D might be beneficial in disease development and progression; first results of well-designed randomized controlled prospective studies did not find differences in frequency of cardiovascular events or invasive cancer between patients taking vitamin D supplementation compared to placebo. In the light of these recent findings, validity of excessive vitamin D testing remains an open question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Nikolac Gabaj
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Adriana Unic
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Miler
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Pavicic
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Culej
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Bolanca
- Department of Human Reproduction, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davorka Herman Mahecic
- Department for Endocrinology, Dieabetes and Metabolism, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lara Milevoj Kopcinovic
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alen Vrtaric
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
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Romeo I, Mesiti F, Lupia A, Alcaro S. Current Updates on Naturally Occurring Compounds Recognizing SARS-CoV-2 Druggable Targets. Molecules 2021; 26:632. [PMID: 33530467 PMCID: PMC7865633 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified in China as the etiologic agent of the recent COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Due to its high transmissibility, this virus quickly spread throughout the world, causing considerable health issues. The scientific community exerted noteworthy efforts to obtain therapeutic solutions for COVID-19, and new scientific networks were constituted. No certified drugs to efficiently inhibit the virus were identified, and the development of de-novo medicines requires approximately ten years of research. Therefore, the repurposing of natural products could be an effective strategy to handle SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review aims to update on current status of the natural occurring compounds recognizing SARS-CoV-2 druggable targets. Among the clinical trials actually recruited, some natural compounds are ongoing to examine their potential role to prevent and to treat the COVID-19 infection. Many natural scaffolds, including alkaloids, terpenes, flavonoids, and benzoquinones, were investigated by in-silico, in-vitro, and in-vivo approaches. Despite the large data set obtained by a computational approach, experimental evidences in most cases are not available. To fill this gap, further efforts to validate these results are required. We believe that an accurate investigation of naturally occurring compounds may provide insights for the potential treatment of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Romeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
- Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Francesco Mesiti
- Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Antonio Lupia
- Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
- Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.M.); (A.L.)
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Ahmad S, Arora S, Khan S, Mohsin M, Mohan A, Manda K, Syed MA. Vitamin D and its therapeutic relevance in pulmonary diseases. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 90:108571. [PMID: 33388351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D is customarily involved in maintaining bone and calcium homeostasis. However, contemporary studies have identified the implication of vitamin D in several cellular processes including cellular proliferation, differentiation, wound healing, repair and regulatory systems inclusive of host defence, immunity, and inflammation. Multiple studies have indicated corelations between low serum levels of vitamin D, perturbed pulmonary functions and enhanced incidences of inflammatory diseases. Almost all of the pulmonary diseases including acute lung injury, cystic fibrosis, asthma, COPD, Pneumonia and Tuberculosis, all are inflammatory in nature. Studies have displayed strong inter-relations with vitamin D deficiency and progression of lung disorders; however, the underlying mechanism is still unknown. Vitamin D has emerged to possess inhibiting effects on pulmonary inflammation while exaggerating innate immune defenses by strongly influencing functions of inflammatory cells including dendritic cells, monocyte/macrophages, T cells, and B cells along with structural epithelial cells. This review dissects the effects of vitamin D on the inflammatory cells and their therapeutic relevance in pulmonary diseases. Although, the data obtained is very limited and needs further corroboration but presents an exciting area of further research. This is because of its ease of supplementation and development of personalized medicine which could lead us to an effective adjunct and cost-effective method of therapeutic modality for highly fatal pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaniya Ahmad
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India; Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Science, Defence Research and Development Organisation, New Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Arora
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Salman Khan
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Mohsin
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Anant Mohan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Kailash Manda
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Science, Defence Research and Development Organisation, New Delhi, India
| | - Mansoor Ali Syed
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
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Boulkrane MS, Ilina V, Melchakov R, Fedotova J, Drago F, Gozzo L, Das UN, Abd El-Aty AM, Baranenko D. COVID-19 Disease and Vitamin D: A Mini-Review. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:604579. [PMID: 33390994 PMCID: PMC7773655 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.604579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, for which there is no effective treatment except employing prevention strategies, has already instituted significant number of deaths. In this review, we provide a scientific view on the potential role of vitamin D in SARS-CoV-2 virus/COVID-19 disease. Vitamin D is well-known to play a significant role in maintaining the immune health of an individual. Moreover, it induces antimicrobial peptide expression that can decrease viral replication and regulate the levels of pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, supplementation of vitamin D has the potential to reduce the incidence, severity and the risk of death from pneumonia resulting from the cytokine storm of many viral infections including COVID-19. We suggest that supplementation of subjects at high risk of COVID-19 with vitamin D (1.000 to 3.000 IU) to maintain its optimum serum concentrations may be of significant benefit for both in the prevention and treatment of the COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Said Boulkrane
- International Research Centre “Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium”, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Victoria Ilina
- International Research Centre “Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium”, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Roman Melchakov
- International Research Centre “Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium”, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Julia Fedotova
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, I.P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Biological Tower, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Lucia Gozzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Biological Tower, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - A. M. Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Denis Baranenko
- International Research Centre “Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium”, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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Yılmaz K, Şen V. Is vitamin D deficiency a risk factor for COVID-19 in children? Pediatr Pulmonol 2020; 55:3595-3601. [PMID: 33017102 PMCID: PMC7675606 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global health problem that can result in serious complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and clinical importance of vitamin D deficiency in children with COVID-19. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study includes 40 patients who were diagnosed to have COVID-19 and hospitalized with the real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method, 45 healthy matched control subjects with vitamin D levels. The age of admission, clinical and laboratory data, and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD) levels were recorded. Those with vitamin D levels which are below 20 ng/ml were determined as Group 1 and those with ≥20 ng/ml as Group 2. RESULTS Patients with COVID-19 had significantly lower vitamin D levels 13.14 μg/L (4.19-69.28) than did the controls 34.81 (3.8-77.42) μg/L (p < .001). Patients with COVID-19 also had significantly lower serum phosphorus (4.09 ± 0.73 vs. 5.06 ± 0.93 vs. (U/L) (p < .001)) values compared with the controls. The symptom of fever was significantly higher in COVID- 19 patients who had deficient and insufficient vitamin D levels than in patients who had sufficient vitamin D levels (p = .038). There was a negative correlation found between fever symptom and vitamin D level (r = -0.358, p = .023). CONCLUSION This is the first to evaluate vitamin D levels and its relationship with clinical findings in pediatric patients with COVID-19. Our results suggest that vitamin D values may be associated with the occurrence and management of the COVID-19 disease by modulating the immunological mechanism to the virus in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Yılmaz
- Department of PediatricDicle University School of MedicineDiyarbakirTurkey
| | - Velat Şen
- Department of Pediatric PulmonologyDicle University School of MedicineDiyarbakirTurkey
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Biomolecular endotype factors involved in COVID-19 airway infectivity: A systematic review. Auris Nasus Larynx 2020; 48:32-40. [PMID: 33257107 PMCID: PMC7685037 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To review the current knowledge of biomolecular factors surrounding otorhinolaryngeal illnesses and analyze their presence in COVID-19 virulence. Emphasis was placed on cytokines and vitamin D for determining susceptibility of illness. Methods A primary literature search of PubMed and Google Scholar for articles published between January 1, 2002 to May 31, 2020, was performed without language restrictions from May 8, 2020 to May 31, 2020. A focused second search was conducted from October 31, 2020 to November 2, 2020 for articles published between January 1, 2002 to October 31, 2020. Eligible articles were selected after evaluation of titles, abstracts, and references. A total of 45 were included in this review. Results Differing endotype classification schemes are used to determine cytokines present in chronic rhinosinusitis, asthma, and allergies. While immunologic responses and biomarkers are primary methods of differentiation, recent literature has also implicated geographic distribution of chronic rhinosinusitis patients in accounting for cytokine variations. The cytokines of interest (IL-4, IL-13, and INF-γ) present in the endotypes of these conditions may point towards protective mechanisms against COVID-19 through downregulation of the ACE2 receptor. These cytokines and Vitamin D highlight new areas of study for factors affecting SARS-CoV-2 virulence. Conclusions Further research is needed to understand the effects of Vitamin D and the various cytokines prevalent among endotypes of nasal/pharyngeal illnesses on COVID-19 pathogenesis. Findings may point towards epidemiologic trends of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and have future therapeutic indications.
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Jain A, Chaurasia R, Sengar NS, Singh M, Mahor S, Narain S. Analysis of vitamin D level among asymptomatic and critically ill COVID-19 patients and its correlation with inflammatory markers. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20191. [PMID: 33214648 PMCID: PMC7677378 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77093-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is characterized by marked variability in clinical severity. Vitamin D had recently been reviewed as one of the factors that may affect the severity in COVID-19. The objective of current study is to analyze the vitamin D level in COVID-19 patients and its impact on the disease severity. After approval from Ethics Committee, M.L.B Medical College the current study was undertaken as continuous prospective observational study of 6 weeks. Participants were COVID-19 patients of age group 30–60 years admitted during the study period of 6 weeks. Study included either asymptomatic COVID-19 patients (Group A) or severely ill patients requiring ICU admission (Group B). Serum concentration of 25 (OH)D, were measured along with serum IL-6; TNFα and serum ferritin. Standard statistical analysis was performed to analyze the differences. Current Study enrolled 154 patients, 91 in Group A and 63 patients in Group B. The mean level of vitamin D (in ng/mL) was 27.89 ± 6.21 in Group A and 14.35 ± 5.79 in Group B, the difference was highly significant. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 32.96% and 96.82% respectively in Group A and Group B. Out of total 154 patients, 90 patients were found to be deficient in vitamin D (Group A: 29; Group B: 61). Serum level of inflammatory markers was found to be higher in vitamin D deficient COVID-19 patients viz. IL-6 level (in pg/mL) 19.34 ± 6.17 vs 12.18 ± 4.29; Serum ferritin 319.17 ± 38.21 ng/mL vs 186.83 ± 20.18 ng/mL; TNFα level (in pg/mL) 13.26 ± 5.64 vs 11.87 ± 3.15. The fatality rate was high in vitamin D deficient (21% vs 3.1%). Vitamin D level is markedly low in severe COVID-19 patients. Inflammatory response is high in vitamin D deficient COVID-19 patients. This all translates into increased mortality in vitamin D deficient COVID-19 patients. As per the flexible approach in the current COVID-19 pandemic authors recommend mass administration of vitamin D supplements to population at risk for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Jain
- Department of Anaesthesiology, M.L.B Medical College, Jhansi, India
| | - Rachna Chaurasia
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, M.L.B Medical College, Jhansi, India
| | | | - Mayank Singh
- Department of Pathology, M.L.B Medical College, Jhansi, India.
| | - Sachin Mahor
- Department of Radiotherapy, COVID-19 Block M.L.B Medical College, Jhansi, India
| | - Sumit Narain
- Department of Pathology, M.L.B Medical College, Jhansi, India
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Sahin E, Orhan C, Uckun FM, Sahin K. Clinical Impact Potential of Supplemental Nutrients as Adjuncts of Therapy in High-Risk COVID-19 for Obese Patients. Front Nutr 2020; 7:580504. [PMID: 33195370 PMCID: PMC7642511 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.580504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) in China at the end of 2019 caused a major global pandemic and continues to be an unresolved global health crisis. The supportive care interventions for reducing the severity of symptoms along with participation in clinical trials of investigational treatments are the mainstay of COVID-19 management because there is no effective standard therapy for COVID-19. The comorbidity of COVID-19 rises in obese patients. Micronutrients may boost the host immunity against viral infections, including COVID-19. In this review, we discuss the clinical impact potential of supplemental nutrients as adjuncts of therapy in high-risk COVID-19 for obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Sahin
- Department of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Cemal Orhan
- Department of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Fatih M. Uckun
- COVID-19 Task Force, Reven Pharmaceuticals, Golden, CO, United States
- Department of Developmental Therapeutics, Immunology and Integrative Medicine, Ares Pharmaceuticals, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Rafiullah M. Can a Combination of AT1R Antagonist and Vitamin D Treat the Lung Complication of COVID-19? Am J Med Sci 2020; 360:338-341. [PMID: 32736832 PMCID: PMC7362851 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome caused by a novel human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 named COVID-19 and declared as a pandemic. This paper reviews the possibility of repurposing angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) antagonists and vitamin D to treat COVID-19. ACE2 protein found on the cell membranes is the target of SARS-CoV-2 for entering into the host cells. Viral spike protein-binding with ACE2 down-regulates it. As ACE2 is known to protect the lung from injuries, SARS-CoV-2-induced ACE2 deficiency may expose patients to lung damage. AT1R antagonists and vitamin D increase the expression of ACE2 independently. Besides, vitamin D suppresses the compensatory increase in renin levels following the inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system by AT1R antagonists. Therefore, a combination of AT1R antagonists and vitamin D may offer protection against COVID-19 induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Rafiullah
- Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Fiorino S, Gallo C, Zippi M, Sabbatani S, Manfredi R, Moretti R, Fogacci E, Maggioli C, Travasoni Loffredo F, Giampieri E, Corazza I, Dickmans C, Denitto C, Cammarosano M, Battilana M, Orlandi PE, Del Forno F, Miceli F, Visani M, Acquaviva G, De Leo A, Leandri P, Hong W, Brand T, Tallini G, Jovine E, Jovine R, de Biase D. Cytokine storm in aged people with CoV-2: possible role of vitamins as therapy or preventive strategy. Aging Clin Exp Res 2020; 32:2115-2131. [PMID: 32865757 PMCID: PMC7456763 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01669-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In December 2019, a novel human-infecting coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, had emerged. The WHO has classified the epidemic as a "public health emergency of international concern". A dramatic situation has unfolded with thousands of deaths, occurring mainly in the aged and very ill people. Epidemiological studies suggest that immune system function is impaired in elderly individuals and these subjects often present a deficiency in fat-soluble and hydrosoluble vitamins. METHODS We searched for reviews describing the characteristics of autoimmune diseases and the available therapeutic protocols for their treatment. We set them as a paradigm with the purpose to uncover common pathogenetic mechanisms between these pathological conditions and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, we searched for studies describing the possible efficacy of vitamins A, D, E, and C in improving the immune system function. RESULTS SARS-CoV-2 infection induces strong immune system dysfunction characterized by the development of an intense proinflammatory response in the host, and the development of a life-threatening condition defined as cytokine release syndrome (CRS). This leads to acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS), mainly in aged people. High mortality and lethality rates have been observed in elderly subjects with CoV-2-related infection. CONCLUSIONS Vitamins may shift the proinflammatory Th17-mediated immune response arising in autoimmune diseases towards a T-cell regulatory phenotype. This review discusses the possible activity of vitamins A, D, E, and C in restoring normal antiviral immune system function and the potential therapeutic role of these micronutrients as part of a therapeutic strategy against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirio Fiorino
- UO of Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital of Budrio, Via Benni 44, 40065, Budrio, Bologna, Italy.
- Internal Medicine Unit, Maggiore Hospital of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Claudio Gallo
- Physician Specialist in Infectious Diseases, AUSL Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maddalena Zippi
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Sandro Petrini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Renzo Moretti
- UO of Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital of Budrio, Via Benni 44, 40065, Budrio, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Fogacci
- UO of Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital of Budrio, Via Benni 44, 40065, Budrio, Bologna, Italy
| | - Caterina Maggioli
- UO of Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital of Budrio, Via Benni 44, 40065, Budrio, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Giampieri
- Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ivan Corazza
- Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Christoph Dickmans
- UO of Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital of Budrio, Via Benni 44, 40065, Budrio, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Denitto
- UO of Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital of Budrio, Via Benni 44, 40065, Budrio, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Cammarosano
- UO of Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital of Budrio, Via Benni 44, 40065, Budrio, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Battilana
- UO of Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital of Budrio, Via Benni 44, 40065, Budrio, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesco Miceli
- UO Farmacia Centralizzata OM, Farmacia Ospedale Di Budrio, Budrio, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Visani
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medicine (Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale), Molecular Diagnostic Unit, University of Bologna, Azienda USL di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Acquaviva
- Department of Medicine (Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale), Molecular Diagnostic Unit, University of Bologna, Azienda USL di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio De Leo
- Department of Medicine (Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale), Molecular Diagnostic Unit, University of Bologna, Azienda USL di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Leandri
- Internal Medicine Unit, Maggiore Hospital of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Wandong Hong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, The People's Republic of China
| | - Thomas Brand
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Tallini
- Department of Medicine (Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale), Molecular Diagnostic Unit, University of Bologna, Azienda USL di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elio Jovine
- Surgery Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Jovine
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario de Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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64
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Sari E, Oztay F, Tasci AE. Vitamin D modulates E-cadherin turnover by regulating TGF-β and Wnt signalings during EMT-mediated myofibroblast differentiation in A459 cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 202:105723. [PMID: 32603782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D (VitD) has an anti-fibrotic effect on fibrotic lungs. It reduces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) on tumors. We aimed to investigate target proteins of VitD for the regression of EMT-mediated myofibroblast differentiation. A group of A549 cells were treated with 5 % cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and 5 %CSE + TGF-β (5 ng/ml) to induce EMT. The others were treated with 50 nM VitD 30 min before %5CSE and TGF-β treatments. All cells were collected at 24, 48 and 72 h following 5 %CSE and TGF-β administrations. The expression of p120ctn and NEDD9 proteins acted on E-cadherin turnover in addition to activations of TGF-β and Wnt pathways were examined in these cells and fibrotic human lungs. CSE and TGF-β induced EMT by reducing E-cadherin, p-VDR, SMAD7 and DKK1, increasing α-SMA, p120ctn, Kaiso, NEDD9 and stimulating TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin signalings in A549 cells. VitD administration reversed these alterations and regressed EMT. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis revealed p-VDR interaction with β-catenin and Kaiso in fibrotic and non-fibrotic human lungs. VitD pre-treatments reduced TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin signalings by increasing p-VDR, protected from E-cadherin degradation and led to the regression of EMT in A549 cells treated with CSE and TGF-β. Finally, VitD supplementation combined with anti-fibrotic therapeutics can be suggested for treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, which may be developed by smoking, in cases of VitD deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Sari
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Fusun Oztay
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Erdal Tasci
- Lung Transplantation Center, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kartal Kosuyolu High Speciality Educational and Research Hospital, Kartal, Istanbul, Turkey.
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65
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Singh SK, Jain R, Singh S. Vitamin D deficiency in patients with diabetes and COVID- 19 infection. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:1033-1035. [PMID: 32640414 PMCID: PMC7332933 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Data show that vitamin D deficiency may play a role in patients with diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 infection. In this article, we review evidence of vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 infection in context of diabetes mellitus. METHODS A literature search was carried out by using the key term 'COVID 19' combined with 'Diabetes', 'Vitamin D', 'Extra skeletal effects', 'immunity', 'infection', 'India' from Pub Med (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD and Google Scholar from December 2019 to May 2020. A manual search of the references was also carried out. RESULTS Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to increased morbidity and mortality in COVID -19 infections but convincing data on diabetic subgroup of patients in particular is still awaited. CONCLUSION Robust studies are required to ascertain if Vitamin D supplementation could be beneficial in patients with diabetes and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Singh
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | - Rujul Jain
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Shipra Singh
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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66
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Alexander J, Tinkov A, Strand TA, Alehagen U, Skalny A, Aaseth J. Early Nutritional Interventions with Zinc, Selenium and Vitamin D for Raising Anti-Viral Resistance Against Progressive COVID-19. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2358. [PMID: 32784601 PMCID: PMC7468884 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) conveys a serious threat globally to health and economy because of a lack of vaccines and specific treatments. A common factor for conditions that predispose for serious progress is a low-grade inflammation, e.g., as seen in metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and heart failure, to which micronutrient deficiencies may contribute. The aim of the present article was to explore the usefulness of early micronutrient intervention, with focus on zinc, selenium, and vitamin D, to relieve escalation of COVID-19. METHODS We conducted an online search for articles published in the period 2010-2020 on zinc, selenium, and vitamin D, and corona and related virus infections. RESULTS There were a few studies providing direct evidence on associations between zinc, selenium, and vitamin D, and COVID-19. Adequate supply of zinc, selenium, and vitamin D is essential for resistance to other viral infections, immune function, and reduced inflammation. Hence, it is suggested that nutrition intervention securing an adequate status might protect against the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - coronavirus-2) and mitigate the course of COVID-19. CONCLUSION We recommended initiation of adequate supplementation in high-risk areas and/or soon after the time of suspected infection with SARS-CoV-2. Subjects in high-risk groups should have high priority as regards this nutritive adjuvant therapy, which should be started prior to administration of specific and supportive medical measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Alexander
- Division of Infection Control and Environment Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Alexey Tinkov
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioelementology, Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya Str. 14, Yaroslavl 150000, Russia; (A.T.); (A.S.)
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., Moscow 119146, Russia;
| | - Tor A. Strand
- Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 104, 2381 Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Urban Alehagen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anatoly Skalny
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioelementology, Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya Str. 14, Yaroslavl 150000, Russia; (A.T.); (A.S.)
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., Moscow 119146, Russia;
| | - Jan Aaseth
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., Moscow 119146, Russia;
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 104, 2381 Brumunddal, Norway
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67
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Gasmi A, Tippairote T, Mujawdiya PK, Peana M, Menzel A, Dadar M, Gasmi Benahmed A, Bjørklund G. Micronutrients as immunomodulatory tools for COVID-19 management. Clin Immunol 2020; 220:108545. [PMID: 32710937 PMCID: PMC7833875 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 rapidly turned to a global pandemic posing lethal threats to overwhelming health care capabilities, despite its relatively low mortality rate. The clinical respiratory symptoms include dry cough, fever, anosmia, breathing difficulties, and subsequent respiratory failure. No known cure is available for COVID-19. Apart from the anti-viral strategy, the supports of immune effectors and modulation of immunosuppressive mechanisms is the rationale immunomodulation approach in COVID-19 management. Diet and nutrition are essential for healthy immunity. However, a group of micronutrients plays a dominant role in immunomodulation. The deficiency of most nutrients increases the individual susceptibility to virus infection with a tendency for severe clinical presentation. Despite a shred of evidence, the supplementation of a single nutrient is not promising in the general population. Individuals at high-risk for specific nutrient deficiencies likely benefit from supplementation. The individual dietary and nutritional status assessments are critical for determining the comprehensive actions in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Torsak Tippairote
- Philosophy Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital and Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Nutritional and Environmental Medicine Department, BBH Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway.
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68
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Lanham-New SA, Webb AR, Cashman KD, Buttriss JL, Fallowfield JL, Masud T, Hewison M, Mathers JC, Kiely M, Welch AA, Ward KA, Magee P, Darling AL, Hill TR, Greig C, Smith CP, Murphy R, Leyland S, Bouillon R, Ray S, Kohlmeier M. Vitamin D and SARS-CoV-2 virus/COVID-19 disease. BMJ Nutr Prev Health 2020; 3:106-110. [PMID: 33230499 PMCID: PMC7246103 DOI: 10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Lanham-New
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Ann R Webb
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kevin D Cashman
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | - Tash Masud
- Department of Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Martin Hewison
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Mairead Kiely
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ailsa A Welch
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Kate A Ward
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Pamela Magee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University at Coleraine, Coleraine, UK
| | - Andrea L Darling
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Tom R Hill
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Carolyn Greig
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences and MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Colin P Smith
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Richard Murphy
- Centre for Environment & Sustainability, Faculty of Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | | | - Roger Bouillon
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sumantra Ray
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University at Coleraine, Coleraine, UK
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John’s Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin Kohlmeier
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John’s Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK
- School of Medicine & Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill & UNC Nutrition Research Institute, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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69
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Ebadi M, Montano-Loza AJ. Perspective: improving vitamin D status in the management of COVID-19. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 74:856-859. [PMID: 32398871 PMCID: PMC7216123 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-0661-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ebadi
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Unit, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Aldo J Montano-Loza
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Unit, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Cheng K, Tang Q, Huang Y, Liu X, Karrow NA, Wang C. Effect of vitamin D 3 on the immunomodulation of head kidney after Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 99:353-361. [PMID: 32081806 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Edwardsiella ictaluri (E. ictaluri) causes severe infections in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco), which leads to a massive loss in the aquaculture industry especially in catfish commercial production. Previous studies have confirmed that vitamin D3 is essential in immune regulation in mammals. Based on next-generation sequencing, this study explored the immunomodulatory effects of dietary vitamin D3 on the head kidney of yellow catfish after E. ictaluri challenge. Current results showed that increasing the content of dietary vitamin D3 within the experimental concentration range (1120IU/kg-16600IU/kg) could reduce the mortality of the yellow catfish after E. ictaluri challenge. Results of the next-generation sequencing showed that dietary vitamin D3 regulates the immune mechanism of the head kidney mainly through three pathways i.e. negative regulation of interferon-β production, negative regulation of interleukin-6 production and neutrophil chemotaxis. Proteins HSPA8, MAP4K4 and MRC1 may be involved in vitamin D3-mediated immunoregulation in the head kidney. qPCR results showed that increasing the content of dietary vitamin D3 can improve the immune function of the yellow catfish by down-regulating ifn-β and pro-inflammatory factors tnf-α, il1-β, il-6, il-8 and up-regulating the anti-inflammatory factor il-10. The above results indicated that dietary addition of vitamin D3 regulated the immune response in head kidney of yellow catfish and helped the fish to resist the negative effects of infection by E. ictaluri in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Cheng
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qin Tang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Yanqing Huang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Niel A Karrow
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Chunfang Wang
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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71
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Askari G, Rafie N, Miraghajani M, Heidari Z, Arab A. Association between vitamin D and dry eye disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2020; 43:418-425. [PMID: 32169320 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A number of studies have examined the association between vitamin D and dry eye disease in different populations, but findings are inconclusive. Herein, available observational studies were systematically reviewed to elucidate the overall relationship between vitamin D and dry eye disease among adult population. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Google scholar and ISI web of science databases were searched until January 2020 for studies assessing the association between vitamin D and dry eye disease. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used to examine the quality of each study. RESULTS A total of 14 studies out of 252 met the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Serum 25(OH) D3 was lower in dry eye disease subjects compared to healthy ones (WMD -5.93; 95 % CI, -7.47 to -4.40; P < 0.001) with evidence of significant heterogeneity (I2 = 94.6 % p < 0.001). Also, in final analysis, vitamin D correlated significantly with ocular surface disease index (Fisher's Z: -0.26; 95 % CI, -0.48 to -0.04; P = 0.018), with significant heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 59.3 %, P = 0.043). CONCLUSION It was found that serum vitamin D had a significantly lower level in dry eye disease patients, and correlated with ocular surface disease index but no other dry eye disease parameter. The findings add to the existing literature supporting the concept that nutrition especially vitamin D plays an important role in human eye health. Prospective studies are needed to confirm this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Askari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Nahid Rafie
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Maryam Miraghajani
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; The Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Zahra Heidari
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Arman Arab
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Abstract
Respiratory tract infection is the common viral infection and the principal cause of death among children under 5 years of age. It damages lung epithelium and increases mucus production and inflammation, leading to dyspnea. The sunshine vitamin (Vitamin D) and surfactant protein (SP) A and D along with their usual function play an important role in host defense. This article reviews with immune role of Vitamin D and SP A and D which aids excessive cytokines production, boosts phagocytosis, hinders inflammatory activity, and thus acts as a first-line defense against lung pathogens.
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Jensen ME, Ducharme FM, Alos N, Mailhot G, Mâsse B, White JH, Sadatsafavi M, Khamessan A, Tse SM, Alizadehfar R, Bock DE, Daigneault P, Lemire C, Yang C, Radhakrishnan D. Vitamin D in the prevention of exacerbations of asthma in preschoolers (DIVA): protocol for a multicentre randomised placebo-controlled triple-blind trial. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e033075. [PMID: 31892662 PMCID: PMC6955525 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preschoolers have the highest rate of emergency visits and hospitalisations for asthma exacerbations of all age groups, with most triggered by upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and occurring in the fall or winter. Vitamin D insufficiency is highly prevalent in Canadian preschoolers with recurrent asthma exacerbations, particularly in winter. It is associated with more URTIs and, in patients with asthma, more oral corticosteroid (OCS) use. Although evidence suggests that vitamin D supplements significantly decrease URTIs and asthma exacerbations requiring OCS, there is insufficient data in preschoolers. This study aims to determine the impact of vitamin D3 supplementation on exacerbations requiring OCS, in preschoolers with recurrent URTI-induced asthma exacerbations. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a phase III, randomised, triple-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group multicentre trial of vitamin D3 supplementation in children aged 1-5 years, with asthma triggered by URTIs and a recent history of frequent URTIs and OCS use. Children (n=865) will be recruited in the fall and early winter and followed for 7 months. They will be randomised to either the (1) intervention: two oral boluses of 100 000 international unit (IU) vitamin D3 (3.5 months apart) with 400 IU vitamin D3 daily; or (2) control: identical placebo boluses with daily placebo. The primary outcome is the number of exacerbations requiring OCS per child, documented by medical and pharmacy records. Secondary outcomes include number of laboratory-confirmed viral URTIs, exacerbation duration and severity, parent functional status, healthcare use, treatment deintensification, cost and safety. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has received ethical approval from all sites. Results will be disseminated via international conferences and manuscripts targeting paediatricians and respirologists, and to families of asthmatic children via our Quebec parents-partners outreach programme. If proven effective, findings may markedly influence the management of URTI-induced asthma in high-morbidity preschoolers and could be directly implemented into practice with an update to clinical guidelines. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03365687.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Jensen
- Priority Research Centre Grow Up Well, School of Medicine & Public Health, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Francine M Ducharme
- Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Clinical Research and Knowledge Transfer Unit on Childhood Asthma, Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Alos
- Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Pediatric Endocrinology Service, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Mailhot
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Benoît Mâsse
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - John H White
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mohsen Sadatsafavi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ali Khamessan
- Euro-Pharm International Canada Inc, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sze Man Tse
- Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Clinical Research and Knowledge Transfer Unit on Childhood Asthma, Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Reza Alizadehfar
- Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Dirk E Bock
- Department of Pediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick Daigneault
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Mère-Enfant du CHU de Québec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chantal Lemire
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Connie Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dhenuka Radhakrishnan
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Abd Elnaby EA, Abd Elnaiem SS, Mostafa AI, Sabry D, Haswa MK. Does vitamin D deficiency worsen the clinical and functional parameters of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients? THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF BRONCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/ejb.ejb_44_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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75
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Wang MX, Koh J, Pang J. Association between micronutrient deficiency and acute respiratory infections in healthy adults: a systematic review of observational studies. Nutr J 2019; 18:80. [PMID: 31785608 PMCID: PMC6885309 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-019-0507-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute respiratory infections (ARI), including the common cold causes significant morbidity and economical losses globally. Micronutrient deficiency may increase ARI incidence risk and its associated duration and severity among healthy adults, but evidence are inconclusive. This study aims to systematically review all observations on the association between single micronutrient deficiency and ARI incidence, duration and severity in healthy adults. Methods Systematic literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and Scopus databases. Eligible studies were assessed for the reporting and methodological quality. Adjusted summary statistics with their relevant 95% confidence intervals or interquartile ranges were extracted for the outcomes of interest. Results The literature search identified 423 unique studies. Of which, only eight studies were eligible and included in the final review. Only vitamin D deficiency (VDD) was observed among these eight studies. There were no eligible studies that focused on the association between other single micronutrient deficiency and ARI. The review found mixed observations on ARI incidence, and a lack of evidence on its associated severity to conclude the association between VDD and these outcomes. However, existing evidence consistently suggested that VDD is likely to lead to longer ARI duration (median duration in days: deficient group, 4 to 13; non-deficient groups, 2 to 8). Conclusion This review found that VDD may be associated to longer ARI duration, but its effect on ARI incidence and its associated severity among healthy adults remains inconclusive. This review also highlighted the lack of a consistent regional and/or global definition for micronutrient sufficiency, and that future studies should explore and conclude the association between other micronutrient deficiency and ARIs in healthy adults before considering supplementation for ARI prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xian Wang
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117549, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jiayun Koh
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117549, Republic of Singapore
| | - Junxiong Pang
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117549, Republic of Singapore.
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76
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Diallyl disulfide inhibits ethanol-induced pulmonary cell vitamin D and antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin depletion. Alcohol 2019; 80:99-108. [PMID: 30580017 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol has been found to affect pulmonary cells by interfering with vitamin D metabolism and pulmonary defense mechanisms. The objective of this study was to understand the mechanisms of ethanol's disruptive influence on the vitamin D pathway and inhibition of anti-microbial peptide cathelicidin (LL-37). Bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2Bs), primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs), primary human alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiCs), and human monocyte cells (THP-1s) were used in this study. These cells were cultured and exposed to different treatment groups: medium-only control, ethanol (70 mM) only, diallyl disulfide (DADS) (10 μM) -only, and a co-exposure of ethanol (70 mM) and DADS (10 μM) for 10 or 24 h. Calcidiol (50 ng/mL) and calcitriol (0.05 ng/mL) dose-response studies were conducted for 48 h. After incubation, cells were trypsinized, lysed, and centrifuged, and the cellular lysate was prepared for assay. Protein was quantified, and levels of inactive vitamin D [25(OH)D3], active vitamin D [1, 25(OH)2 D3], and anti-microbial peptides (cathelicidin/LL-37) in the samples were assayed using commercially available ELISA kits. In the ethanol-exposed group, cellular lysate concentrations of 25(OH)D3 and LL-37 were significantly reduced by 30%, and 40% in BEAS-2B cells, and 35% and 80% in HPAEpi cells respectively. Overall 1, 25(OH)2D3 cellular lysate levels were lower but followed a similar trend as the 25(OH)D3 response. LL-37 levels in primary bronchial, alveolar cells, and ThP-1 cells were statistically reduced in ethanol-exposed groups (60%, 80%, and 65%, respectively) when compared with control. Following the addition of DADS, levels of LL-37 were recovered to within control levels for all three cell types. This study establishes two clinically relevant observations: that the exposure of pulmonary epithelial and monocyte cells to physiologically relevant levels of excessive ethanol selectively disrupts the activation of pulmonary vitamin D and inhibits the presence of anti-microbial peptide (LL-37) in vitro, and the co-exposure of DADS significantly attenuates ethanol-induced intracellular LL-37 depletion.
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77
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Involvement of Vitamin D in Chronic Infections of the Waldeyer`s Ring in the School Aged Child. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2019; 45:291-295. [PMID: 32042457 PMCID: PMC6993768 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.45.03.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic infections of the Waldeyer`s lymphatic ring constitute a frequent pathology in school age, one of the pathogenic mechanisms involving low levels of vitamin D. In this study, we analyzed integrated the clinico-epidemiological aspects, the risk factors and the serum level of vitamin D for 51 school aged children who presented chronic inflammation in various levels of the Waldeyer`s ring. Most inflammations were present in females patients (80.4%), from the urban areas (66.6%), being localized in palatine tonsils (64.7%), in patients with deficient prophylaxis of hypovitaminosis D (68.6%) and low serum levels of vitamin D (72.5%). The results highlight the importance of maintaining a normal status of vitamin D, especially in recurrent infectious context.
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78
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Serré J, Mathyssen C, Ajime TT, Korf H, Maes K, Heulens N, Gysemans C, Mathieu C, Vanaudenaerde B, Janssens W, Gayan-Ramirez G. Airway infection with Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae is more rapidly eradicated in vitamin D deficient mice. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 187:42-51. [PMID: 30399417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is characterized by an excessive inflammatory response of the airways, is often complicated by exacerbations. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an increased risk for COPD and may predispose COPD patients to a higher exacerbation rate, particularly during smoking. In the current study, we investigated the effect of vitamin D deficiency and cigarette smoke (CS)-exposure on lung inflammation and bacterial clearance after an acute infection with Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). Vitamin D deficient or sufficient mice were exposed to nose-only CS or ambient air for 6 weeks and oropharyngeally instilled with 106 NTHi. Residual viable NTHi were measured at different time points post-infection. Mechanisms of bacterial clearance (e.g. phagocytosis, pattern recognition receptors, antimicrobial peptides, surfactant proteins and mucin) and lung remodeling (e.g. metalloproteinases, MMP's) were assessed. Although smoking resulted in reduced phagocytosis capacity of macrophages and neutrophils, bacterial clearance was similar to control mice. By contrast and independent of smoking, bacterial clearance was significantly accelerated in vitamin D deficient mice already from 24 h post-infection (p = 0.0087). This faster and complete eradication was associated with a more rapid resolution of cytokines and neutrophils 72 h post-infection and dominated by an upregulation of cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) mRNA during infection (p = 0.026). However, vitamin D deficiency also resulted in more MMP12 protein in broncho-alveolar lavage and a shift in mRNA expression of MMP12/TIMP1 (p = 0.038) and MMP9/TIMP1 (p = 0.024) ratio towards more protease activity. Overall, vitamin D deficient mice resolved NTHi infection faster with a faster resolution of local lung inflammation, possibly through upregulation of CRAMP. This was associated with a disruption of the protease/anti-protease balance, which may potentially scale towards a higher extracellular matrix breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jef Serré
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carolien Mathyssen
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Tanjeko Ajime
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hannelie Korf
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Maes
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nele Heulens
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Conny Gysemans
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Vanaudenaerde
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Janssens
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislaine Gayan-Ramirez
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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79
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Evaluation of nasal mucociliary clearance time in patients with Vitamin-D deficiency. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 276:1075-1080. [PMID: 30643962 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-019-05286-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main purpose of the current study was to investigate nasal mucociliary clearance time (NMC) in patients with Vitamin-D deficiency. METHODS A total of 55 patients with Vitamin-D deficiency and 32 controls were evaluated. NMC time was measured with subjective saccharine test and compared between study and control groups. In addition, NMC time was re-evaluated after Vitamin-D replacement protocol in patients with Vitamin-D deficiency. RESULTS The mean 25(HO)Vitamin-D levels were 14.32 ± 4.23 ng/mL (7-24.6) and 29.38 ± 7.05 ng/mL (25-53.8) in study and control groups, respectively (p < 0.001). The mean NMC time was 11.15 ± 3.05 (6.3-17.6) and 8.40 ± 2.33 (6-13.2) in study and control groups, respectively (p < 0.001). The mean 25(HO)Vitamin-D level after the replacement protocol was 33.38 ± 10.03 and the mean NMC time was 9.56 ± 2.54 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The mean NMC time was significantly increased in patients with Vitamin-D deficiency which can be corrected after Vitamin-D replacement protocols. The prolonged mucociliary clearance might be one of the pathophysiologic pathways at increased upper respiratory tract infections, and sinonasal and ear infections in patients with Vitamin-D deficiency.
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80
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Abouzeid H, Abdelaal NM, Abdou MA, Mosabah AAA, Zakaria MT, Soliman MM, Sherif AM, Hamed ME, Soliman AA, Noah MA, Khalil AM, Hegab MS, Abdel-Aziz A, Elashkar SSA, Nabil RM, Abdou AM, Al-Akad GM, Elbasyouni HAA. Association of vitamin D receptor gene FokI polymorphism and susceptibility to CAP in Egyptian children: a multicenter study. Pediatr Res 2018; 84:639-644. [PMID: 30135595 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-018-0149-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the leading cause of child deaths around the world. Recently, the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene has emerged as a susceptibility gene for CAP. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association of the VDR gene Fok I polymorphism with susceptibility to CAP in Egyptian children. METHODS This was a multicenter case-control study of 300 patients diagnosed with CAP, and 300 well-matched healthy control children. The VDR Fok I (rs2228570) polymorphism was genotyped by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), meanwhile serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25D) level was assessed using ELISA method. RESULTS The frequencies of the VDR FF genotype and F allele were more common in patients with CAP than in our control group (OR = 3.6; (95% CI: 1.9-6.7) for the FF genotype; P = 0.001) and (OR: 1.8; (95% CI: 1.4-2.3) for the F allele; P = 0.01). Patients carrying the VDR FF genotype had lower serum (25D) level (mean; 14.8 ± 3.6 ng/ml) than Ff genotype (20.6 ± 4.5 ng/ml) and the ff genotype (24.5 ± 3.7 ng/ml); P < 0.01. CONCLUSION The VDR gene Fok I (rs2228570) polymorphism confers susceptibility to CAP in Egyptian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Abouzeid
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - NourEldin M Abdelaal
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Abdou
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amira A A Mosabah
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mervat T Zakaria
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M Soliman
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf M Sherif
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed E Hamed
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Attia A Soliman
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Maha A Noah
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Atef M Khalil
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Hegab
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Alsayed Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa S A Elashkar
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rehab M Nabil
- Department of Clinical pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Adel M Abdou
- Department of Clinical pathology, Al Azhar Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Al-Akad
- Department of Clinical pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hany A A Elbasyouni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Monufia, Egypt
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Aggarwal T, Wadhwa R, Thapliyal N, Sharma K, Rani V, Maurya PK. Oxidative, inflammatory, genetic, and epigenetic biomarkers associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2067-2082. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taru Aggarwal
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity UniversityNoida India
| | - Ridhima Wadhwa
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity UniversityNoida India
| | | | - Kanishka Sharma
- Amity Education GroupOakdale, Long Island (Suffolk) New York
| | - Varsha Rani
- Amity Education GroupOakdale, Long Island (Suffolk) New York
| | - Pawan K. Maurya
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity UniversityNoida India
- Amity Education GroupOakdale, Long Island (Suffolk) New York
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience (LINC), Department of PsychiatryFederal University of São PauloSão Paulo Brazil
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Carson EL, Pourshahidi LK, Madigan SM, Baldrick FR, Kelly MG, Laird E, Healy M, Strain JJ, Mulhern MS. Vitamin D status is associated with muscle strength and quality of life in patients with COPD: a seasonal prospective observation study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2018; 13:2613-2622. [PMID: 30214179 PMCID: PMC6118240 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s166919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Owing to hospitalization, reduced functional capacity and consequently, less sunlight exposure, suboptimal vitamin D status (25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]⩽50 nmol/L) is prevalent among COPD patients. Objective This study aimed to investigate seasonal changes in vitamin D status and any associated changes in fat-free mass (FFM), muscle strength and quality of life (QoL) in COPD patients. Patients and methods COPD patients living in Northern Ireland (n=51) completed study visits at the end of winter (March/April) and at the end of summer (September/October), corresponding to the nadir and peak of vitamin D status, respectively. At both time points, serum concentration of 25(OH)D was quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, FFM (kg) was measured using bioelectrical impedance and muscle strength (kg) was measured using handgrip dynamometry. QoL was assessed using the validated St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire. Results Mean±SD 25(OH)D concentration was significantly higher at the end of summer compared to the end of winter (52.5±30.5 nmol/L vs 33.7±28.4 nmol/L, P<0.001); and house- bound patients had significantly lower 25(OH)D concentration compared to nonhousebound patients at the end of summer (42.9±4.2 vs 57.2±9.9 nmol/L; P⩽0.001). Muscle strength (at both time points) and QoL (end of summer only) were positively predicted by 25(OH)D concentration, independent of age, sex and smoking status. Conclusion This study highlights the need for health policies to include a recommendation for year-round vitamin D supplementation in housebound COPD patients, and wintertime supplementation in nonhousebound patients, to maintain optimal 25(OH)D concentrations to protect musculoskeletal health. Furthermore, an optimal vitamin D status may have potential benefits for QoL in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Carson
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, UK,
| | - L Kirsty Pourshahidi
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, UK,
| | - Sharon M Madigan
- Respiratory Dietitian, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Team, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Francina R Baldrick
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, UK,
| | - Martin G Kelly
- Respiratory Team, Altnagelvin Hospital, Western Health and Social Care Trust, Londonderry, UK
| | - Eamon Laird
- School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Martin Healy
- Department of Biochemistry, Central Pathology Laboratory, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J J Strain
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, UK,
| | - Maria S Mulhern
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, UK,
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83
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The relationship between Vitamin D status and exacerbation in COPD patients– a literature review. Respir Med 2018; 139:34-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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84
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Zhou SH, Wang X, Fan MY, Li HL, Bian F, Huang T, Fang HY. Influence of vitamin D deficiency on T cell subsets and related indices during spinal tuberculosis. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:718-722. [PMID: 30116326 PMCID: PMC6090312 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of vitamin D deficiency on T cell subsets in patients with spinal tuberculosis. In addition, the influence of vitamin D deficiency was investigated on the expression of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in intervertebral disc lesions of patients. One hundred and seventeen patients with spinal tuberculosis who received operative treatment in the Department of Orthopedics in Wuhan City Third Hospital from March 2012 to March 2015 were collected. The patients were divided depending upon vitamin D content into the control group (64 cases, vitamin D content <25 nmol/l) and experimental group (53 cases, vitamin D content >50 nmol/l). Immunofluorescence method was applied to determine the content of T cell subsets in both groups of patients. Intervertebral disc lesion tissues of two groups of patients were obtained during surgery then treated with HE staining and immunohistochemical staining. The values of average optical density obtained under light microscope were observed as the expression quantities of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, to explore the relationship between vitamin D and the expression of cytokines. When vitamin D is lacking, the expression of T lymphocyte subsets in patients with spinal tuberculosis significantly decreased. Compared with experimental group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Further, the expression of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in intervertebral disc lesion tissues of patients with spinal tuberculosis were significantly higher than those of patients with spinal tuberculosis whose vitamin D content was normal (P<0.05). In the control group, vitamin D content was negatively correlated with the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. The expression of T lymphocyte subsets in patients with vitamin D deficiency was significantly reduced, and the immune function decreased. The expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in lesions were significantly higher than those of patients with normal vitamin D content. In addition, the lower the content of vitamin D was, the more active the expression of inflammatory factors were, which was not conducive to the recovery of tuberculosis lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Huai Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wuhan City Third Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wuhan City Third Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Yu Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wuhan City Third Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Liang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wuhan City Third Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Feng Bian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wuhan City Third Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wuhan City Third Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yu Fang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wuhan City Third Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Dai J, Liang Y, Li H, Zhou W, Wang B, Gong A, Zhang R. Vitamin D enhances resistance to aspergillus fumigatus in mice via inhibition of excessive autophagy. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:381-391. [PMID: 29511432 PMCID: PMC5835803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of vitamin D in the regulation of lung immune defense and inflammatory response has attracted more and more attention. Vitamin D deficiency is closely related to respiratory tract infections. However, few studies have elucidated the mechanism of vitamin D deficiency on host pulmonary resistance to Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus). In this paper, the role of autophagy and Treg regulation in the treatment of rat models of A. fumigatus infection with vitamin D was investigated. We intratracheally injected the A. fumigatus spores into Mice fed with sufficient vitamin D (VitD+) or deficient diets (VitD-). Mortality, fungal load and weight changes were evaluated. The conidia of lung tissue were isolated for analysis of viability. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) were stimulated with a viable A. fumigatus conidia for determining the formation of lysosomes in vitro. The autophagy-related proteins dectin-1, ROS and LC3BII expression in AMs were measured. Fluorescence and Western blot were performed to evaluate the autophagic flux and Treg cells were detected by flow cytometry. After inoculation with A. fumigatus, the vitamin D deficient mice exhibited a higher rate of death, more fungal growth, and more weight loss than its sufficient peers. The viability of A. fumigatus conidia in VitD+ mice was significantly lower than that in VitD- mice. In the case of A. fumigatus infection, vitamin D delays the formation of lysosomes against A. fumigatus through autophagy. The autophagy flow measurement experiment also found that the vitamin D group lowered autophagy levels in cells and a small number of Treg cells. In conclusion, Vitamin D deficiency can lead to impaired lung defense in mice, which may be associated with the formation of excessive autophagy-induced lysosomes and increased counts of Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Dai
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Huai’an First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityHuai’an 223300, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yong Liang
- Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People’s Hospital of Huai’anHuai’an 223002, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Honglin Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Huai’an First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityHuai’an 223300, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Wubi Zhou
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Huai’an First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityHuai’an 223300, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Huai’an First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityHuai’an 223300, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Aijia Gong
- Department of Stomatology, Medical School of Nan Tong UniversityNan Tong 226000, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Rongbo Zhang
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical School, Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuai’nan 232001, Anhui, P. R. China
- Medical Inspection Center, Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuai’nan 232001, Anhui, P. R. China
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86
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Lee RU, Won SH, Hansen C, Crum-Cianflone NF. 25-hydroxyvitamin D, influenza vaccine response and healthcare encounters among a young adult population. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192479. [PMID: 29425250 PMCID: PMC5806853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza causes significant morbidity and mortality; the pandemic in 2009-2010 was a reminder of the potential for novel strains and antigenic changes. Studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency may be associated with poor vaccine immunogenicity, therefore we sought to determine if there was a correlation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and influenza vaccine response. METHODS A retrospective observational study was conducted among young, healthy military members to evaluate the association between total 25(OH)D levels with post influenza vaccination antibody titers and healthcare encounters during the 2009-10 influenza season. Univariate analyses were performed to evaluate whether 25(OH)D levels are associated with baseline characteristics and post-vaccination antibody responses. Multivariable logistic regression models were utilized to determine the associations between antibody responses and 25(OH)D levels adjusting for possible confounders. RESULTS A total of 437 subjects were studied. Most participants were young adults (91% were 18-39 years of age), 50% were male, and 56% resided in the southern U.S. Overall, 152 (34.8%) were vitamin D deficient, 167 (38.2%) insufficient, and 118 (27.0%) with normal 25(OH)D levels. There were no demographic differences by 25(OH)D category. Only 224 (51.3%) demonstrated a seroprotective anti-influenza post-vaccination titer, which did not vary by categorical 25(OH)D levels [vitamin D deficient vs. normal: OR 1.10 (0.68-1.78) and insufficient vs. normal: OR 1.25 (0.78-2.01)] or continuous vitamin D levels [OR 0.98 (0.84-1.15)]. There were also no associations with increased influenza like illnesses, respiratory diagnoses and healthcare encounters between the vitamin D groups. CONCLUSION Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency were highly prevalent despite evaluating a young, healthy adult population. There were no significant associations between 25(OH)D levels and post-vaccination antibody titers to influenza vaccine. Further studies are required to discover strategies to improve vaccine efficacy as well as to determine the role of 25(OH)D in vaccine immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel U. Lee
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA
- * E-mail:
| | - Seung Hyun Won
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD
| | - Christian Hansen
- Operational Infectious Disease Department, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA
| | - Nancy F. Crum-Cianflone
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Scripps Mercy Hospital, San Diego, CA
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87
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Associations of Serum 25(OH)D Concentrations with Lung Function, Airway Inflammation and Common Cold in the General Population. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10010035. [PMID: 29301349 PMCID: PMC5793263 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is hypothesized to have a beneficial effect on lung function and respiratory infections. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations with lung function, airway inflammation and common colds. We performed a cross-sectional analysis in the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity (NEO) study, a population-based cohort study. We included participants with measurements of serum 25(OH)D, Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO), and data on self-reported common colds (n = 6138). In crude associations, serum 25(OH)D was positively associated with FEV1 and FVC, and negatively with FeNO and the occurrence of a common cold. After adjustment for confounders, however, these associations disappeared. Stratified analyses showed that Body Mass Index (BMI) was an effect modifier in the relationship between serum 25(OH)D and FEV1, FVC and FeNO. In obese participants (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), 10 nmol/L higher 25(OH)D was associated with 0.46% predicted higher FEV1 (95% Confidence Interval: 0.17 to 0.75), 0.46% predicted higher FVC (0.18 to 0.74), and 0.24 ppb lower FeNO (−0.43 to −0.04). Thus, in the total study population, 25(OH)D concentrations were not associated with lung function, airway inflammation and common colds. In obese participants, however, higher 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with a better lung function and lower airway inflammation.
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88
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Yang CH, Albietz J, Harkin DG, Kimlin MG, Schmid KL. Impact of oral vitamin D supplementation on the ocular surface in people with dry eye and/or low serum vitamin D. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2017; 41:69-76. [PMID: 28919183 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the possible association between serum vitamin D levels and dry eye symptoms, and the impact of an oral vitamin D supplement. METHODS Three linked studies were performed. (i) 29 older adult participants, (ii) 29 dry eyed participants, and (iii) 2-month vitamin D supplementation for 32 dry eyed/low serum vitamin D levelled participants. All participants were assessed by the Ocular Surface Diseases Index (OSDI) to determine dry eye symptoms, and the phenol red thread test (PRT) and/or Schirmer's tear test, tear meniscus height, non-invasive tear break up time, grading ocular surface redness and fluorescein staining of the cornea to detect the tear quality and ocular surface conditions. Blood samples were collected for serum vitamin D analysis and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. RESULTS Among older adult participants, vitamin D levels were negatively correlated with dry eye symptoms, the severity of dry eye, and associated with tired eye symptom. Vitamin D levels of people with dry eye diagnosis were not correlated with OSDI scores and IL-6 levels; while IL-6 levels showed correlation with tear production. In supplement study, vitamin D levels increased by 29mol/l, while dry eye symptoms and grading of corneal staining appeared significant reductions. No significant changes in IL-6 levels. CONCLUSIONS Low vitamin D levels (<50nmol/l) were associated with dry eye symptoms in older individuals but not those diagnosed with dry eye. Vitamin D supplement increased the vitamin D levels, and improved dry eye symptoms, the tear quality and ocular surface conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Huang Yang
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Julie Albietz
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Damien G Harkin
- Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Queensland Eye Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael G Kimlin
- Health Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katrina L Schmid
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Queensland Eye Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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89
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Chowdhury R, Taneja S, Bhandari N, Sinha B, Upadhyay RP, Bhan MK, Strand TA. Vitamin-D deficiency predicts infections in young north Indian children: A secondary data analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170509. [PMID: 28273084 PMCID: PMC5342185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have demonstrated a relationship between poor vitamin D status and respiratory infections and diarrhea among young children. Acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) and diarrhea are among the two most important causes of death in under-5 children. In this paper, we examined the extent to which vitamin-D deficiency (<10 ng/ml) predicts ALRI, clinical pneumonia and diarrhea among 6 to 30 months old children. Methods We used data from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of daily folic acid and/or vitamin B12 supplementation for six months in 6 to 30 months old children conducted in Delhi, India. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to examine the associations between vitamin-D deficiency and episodes of ALRI, clinical pneumonia and diarrhea. Results Of the 960 subjects who had vitamin-D concentrations measured, 331(34.5%) were vitamin-D deficient. We found, after controlling for relevant potential confounders (age, sex, breastfeeding status, wasting, stunting, underweight, anemia status and season), that the risk of ALRI was significantly higher among vitamin-D deficient (OR 1.26; 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.55) compared to vitamin-D-replete children in the six months follow-up period. Vitamin-D status was not associated with episodes of diarrhea or clinical pneumonia. Conclusion Vitamin-D deficiency is common in young children in New Delhi and is associated with a higher risk of ALRI. The role of vitamin D in Indian children needs to be elucidated in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranadip Chowdhury
- Centre for Health Research and Development, Society for Applied Studies, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Sunita Taneja
- Centre for Health Research and Development, Society for Applied Studies, New Delhi, India
| | - Nita Bhandari
- Centre for Health Research and Development, Society for Applied Studies, New Delhi, India
| | - Bireshwar Sinha
- Centre for Health Research and Development, Society for Applied Studies, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Prakash Upadhyay
- Centre for Health Research and Development, Society for Applied Studies, New Delhi, India
| | - Maharaj Kishan Bhan
- Indian Institute of Technology - Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Knowledge Integration and Translational Platform (KnIT), Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC), New Delhi, India
| | - Tor A. Strand
- Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
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90
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Kokturk N, Baha A, Oh YM, Young Ju J, Jones PW. Vitamin D deficiency: What does it mean for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? a compherensive review for pulmonologists. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2017; 12:382-397. [PMID: 27925404 DOI: 10.1111/crj.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vitamin D deficiency and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) are both under-recognized health problems, world-wide. Although Vitamin D has long been known for calcemic effects it also has less known noncalcemic effects. Recent data have shown that Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in patients with COPD and correlates with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1 ) and FEV1 decline. The objective of this work was to review the current literature on vitamin D deficiency in relation with COPD. DATA SOURCE A literature search, using the words "vitamin D" and "COPD", was undertaken in Pubmed database. RESULTS The noncalcemic effects of vitamin D relating with COPD may be summarised as increasing antimicrobial peptide production, regulation of inflammatory response and airway remodelling. Vitamin D inhibits the production of several proinflammatory cytokines and leads to suppression Th1 and Th17 responses which may be involved in the pathogenesis of COPD. Vitamin D insufficiency may also contribute to chronic respiratory infections and airway colonization so returning vitamin D concentrations to an optimal range in patients with COPD might reduce bacterial load and concomitant exacerbations.Vitamin D is also important for COPD-related comorbodities such as osteoporosis, muscle weakness and cardiovascular diseases. Data about the effect of Vitamin D supplementation on those comorbidities in relation with COPD are been scarce. CONCLUSION Improving the blood level of Vitamin D into the desired range may have a beneficial effect bones and muscles, but more studies are needed to test to test that hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurdan Kokturk
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Asian Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ayse Baha
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yeon-Mok Oh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Asian Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Young Ju
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Asian Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Paul W Jones
- Department of Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Clinical Science Center, St George University, London, UK
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91
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Ogunsakin O, Hottor T, Mehta A, Lichtveld M, McCaskill M. Chronic Ethanol Exposure Effects on Vitamin D Levels Among Subjects with Alcohol Use Disorder. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2016; 10:191-199. [PMID: 27795667 PMCID: PMC5074581 DOI: 10.4137/ehi.s40335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D has been previously recognized to play important roles in human immune system and function. In the pulmonary system, vitamin D regulates the function of antimicrobial peptides, especially cathelicidin/LL-37. Human cathelicidin/LL-37 is a bactericidal, bacteriostatic, and antiviral endogenous peptide with protective immune functions. Chronic exposure to excessive alcohol has the potential to reduce levels of vitamin D (inactive vitamin D [25(OH)D3] and active vitamin D [1, 25(OH)2D3]) and leads to downregulation of cathelicidin/LL-37. Alcohol-mediated reduction of LL-37 may be partly responsible for increased incidence of more frequent and severe respiratory infections among subjects with alcohol use disorder (AUD). The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which alcohol exerts its influence on vitamin D metabolism. In addition, the aim was to establish associations between chronic alcohol exposures, levels of pulmonary vitamin D, and cathelicidin/LL-37 using broncho-alveolar lavage fluid samples of subjects with AUD and healthy controls. Findings from the experiment showed that levels of inactive vitamin D (25(OH)D3), active vitamin D (1, 25(OH)2D3), cathelicidin/LL-37, and CYP27B1 proteins were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) when compared with the matched healthy control group. However, CYP2E1 was elevated in all the samples examined. Chronic exposure to alcohol has the potential to reduce the levels of pulmonary vitamin D and results in subsequent downregulation of the antimicrobial peptide, LL-37, in the human pulmonary system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olalekan Ogunsakin
- Department of Global Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Tete Hottor
- Department of Global Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ashish Mehta
- Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maureen Lichtveld
- Department of Global Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Michael McCaskill
- Department of Global Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Todd JJ, McSorley EM, Pourshahidi LK, Madigan SM, Laird E, Healy M, Magee PJ. Vitamin D 3 supplementation using an oral spray solution resolves deficiency but has no effect on VO 2 max in Gaelic footballers: results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:1577-1587. [PMID: 27015912 PMCID: PMC5486642 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitamin D inadequacy is a global health concern in athletes as well as the general population. Whilst the role of vitamin D in skeletal health is well defined, there remains uncertainty over whether vitamin D supplementation has an added benefit beyond bone health. METHODS This randomised placebo-controlled trial in healthy male and female Gaelic footballers (n = 42) investigated the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation [3000 IU (75 µg) daily for 12 weeks, via an oral spray solution] on VO2 max which was the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcomes included skeletal muscle and lung function. RESULTS Supplementation significantly increased total 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations compared to the placebo group (mean ± SD change from baseline, 36.31 ± 32.34 vs. 6.11 ± 23.93 nmol/L, respectively; P = 0.006). At baseline, 50 and 22 % of footballers presented with vitamin D insufficiency (31-49 nmol/L) and deficiency (<30 nmol/L), respectively. Total 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration did not significantly correlate with any measure of physical performance. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) models demonstrated that vitamin D supplementation over 12 weeks had no significant effect on VO2 max (P = 0.375), vertical jump height (P = 0.797), left and right handgrip strength (P = 0.146 and P = 0.266, respectively), forced vital capacity (P = 0.573) or forced expiratory volume at 1 s (P = 0.665), after adjusting for confounders. The high prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy observed in this cohort of collegiate Gaelic footballers supports the need for vitamin D supplementation during wintertime to avoid being at risk of poor bone health. CONCLUSIONS Twelve-week daily supplementation with 3000 IU (75 µg) vitamin D3 successfully resolved deficiency but did not have any significant effect on VO2 max, skeletal muscle or lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Todd
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
| | - Emeir M McSorley
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
| | - L Kirsty Pourshahidi
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
| | - Sharon M Madigan
- Irish Institute of Sport, Sports Campus Ireland, Abbotstown, Dublin 15, UK
| | - Eamon Laird
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, UK
| | - Martin Healy
- Department of Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Science St. James's Hospital, Dublin, UK
| | - Pamela J Magee
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK.
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Dietary diallyl disulfide supplementation attenuates ethanol-mediated pulmonary vitamin D speciate depletion in C57Bl/6 mice. BMC Nutr 2015; 1. [PMID: 27536382 PMCID: PMC4985026 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-015-0012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Slightly more than 5 % of the United States population heavily consumes ethanol, i.e., more than 14 drinks for men and 7 drinks for women a week. Chronic ethanol consumption can result in increased liver disease, reduced recovery from burn injury, and more frequent and severe respiratory infections. Chronic ethanol over-consumption also leads to vitamin D dysmetabolism and depletion. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble pro-hormone that regulates musculoskeletal health, cellular proliferation/differentiation, and innate and adaptive immune response. Methods In this study, C57BL/6 mice were fed 20 % ethanol in their water ad libitum for 7 weeks. Some mice were fed either a standard chow or a modified diet containing 0.15 μg/day of diallyl disulfide (DADS). Whole blood, lung tissue, and bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected at sacrifice and analyzed for 25(OH) D3, 1,25 (OH)2D3, vitamin D receptor VDR, CYP2E1, and CYP27B1 levels. Results Ethanol reduced 25(OH) D3 and 1,25 (OH)2D3 in lung tissue and BALF on average 31 %. The largest ethanol-mediated reduction was in the 1,25 (OH)2D3 (42 %) measured in the BALF. Dietary supplementation of DADS restored BALF and lung tissue protein of 25(OH) D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 to control levels. Chronic ethanol consumption also resulted in tissue increases of vitamin D response (VDR) protein, Cyp2E1, and reductions in vitamin D-activating enzyme CYP27B1. All three of these effects were attenuated by dietary supplementation of DADS. Conclusions In conclusion, the pulmonary metabolic disturbances mediated by chronic ethanol consumption as measured by 1,25(OH)2D3 protein levels, epithelial lining fluid, and lung tissue can be ameliorated by dietary supplementation of DADS in C57BL/6 mice.
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Li F, Zhang A, Shi Y, Ma Y, Du Y. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 prevents the differentiation of human lung fibroblasts via microRNA-27b targeting the vitamin D receptor. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:967-74. [PMID: 26311239 PMCID: PMC4564074 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibroblasts have key roles in the formation and maintenance of lung structure and function, and are involved in tissue repair and remodeling. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) induces differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, the key effector cells in fibrotic states, which are characterized by the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) markers. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] has been implicated in regulating differentiation, and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) may be a regulator of TGF-β signaling. In addition, there is presently only limited information regarding microRNA (miRNA) regulation of lung fibroblast differentiation. To determine the role of 1,25(OH)2D3 in regulating the differentiation of fibroblasts induced by TGF-β1 and the functional importance of miR-27b, cell culture systems, cell transfection and the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) luciferase assay were employed. 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibited differentiation and downregulated miR-27b expression in human lung fibroblasts induced by TGF-β1. In addition, human lung fibroblasts were transfected with miR-27b mimic or miR-27b inhibitor, and demonstrated that the overexpression of miR-27b decreased the VDR protein expression and increased the expression of α-SMA, while reducing levels of miR-27b had opposing effects. Finally, the luciferase reporter assays were performed to confirm that miR-27b directly targeted VDR 3′UTR. Taken together, these results suggest that 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibits lung fibroblast differentiation induced by TGF-β1 via miR-27b targeting VDR 3′UTR, which may be used as a novel treatment strategy in differentiation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Aizhen Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, P.R. China
| | - Yiwei Shi
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Yuehong Ma
- Central Laboratory, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, P.R. China
| | - Yongcheng Du
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
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Bar Yoseph R, Livnat G, Schnapp Z, Hakim F, Dabbah H, Goldbart A, Bentur L. The effect of vitamin D on airway reactivity and inflammation in asthmatic children: A double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Pediatr Pulmonol 2015; 50:747-53. [PMID: 24989842 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-sectional studies have reported an association of vitamin D deficiency with increased asthma prevalence and severity, and with allergies. The effect of vitamin D as sole therapy on airway hyper-reactivity (AHR) and airway inflammation has not been reported. AIM To evaluate the effect of vitamin D therapy on AHR as assessed by methacholine concentration, causing a 20% reduction in FEV1 (PC20 -FEV1 ) and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), systemic markers of allergy and inflammation, and exhaled breath condensate cytokines. PATIENTS AND METHODS Children aged 6-18 years with a clinical diagnosis of mild asthma currently not receiving anti-inflammatory therapy and with low vitamin D levels were included in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study assessing the effect of 6 weeks of treatment with oral vitamin D 14,000 units once weekly or placebo. RESULTS Of the 39 patients included, 20 received vitamin D treatment and 19 received a placebo. Vitamin D replacement resulted in a significant increase in vitamin levels, which remained unchanged in the placebo group (P < 0.0001). There was no change in IgE, eosinophil count, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, FeNO levels or PC20 -FEV1 following treatment. Similar values of exhaled breath condensate cytokines (IL4, IL5, IL10, IL17, and γ interferon) were observed in both groups. CONCLUSIONS In our small group of children with mild asthma, no difference could be demonstrated between the effect of vitamin D and placebo, despite significant increases in vitamin D blood levels. Larger interventional studies are needed to fully explore the possible effect of vitamin D in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronen Bar Yoseph
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Galit Livnat
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zeev Schnapp
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Fahed Hakim
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Husein Dabbah
- Department of Pediatrics, Western Galilee Hospital, Nahariya, Israel.,Faculty of Medicine, Galilee Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Aviv Goldbart
- Department of Pediatrics, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheba, Israel
| | - Lea Bentur
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.,Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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96
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Hashim Ali Hussein S, Nielsen LP, Konow Bøgebjerg Dolberg M, Dahl R. Serum magnesium and not vitamin D is associated with better QoL in COPD: A cross-sectional study. Respir Med 2015; 109:727-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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97
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Larose TL, Brumpton BM, Langhammer A, Camargo CA, Chen Y, Romundstad P, Mai XM. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level, smoking and lung function in adults: the HUNT Study. Eur Respir J 2015; 46:355-63. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00226614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level and lung function changes in the general population remains unclear.We conducted cross-sectional (n=1220) and follow-up (n=869) studies to investigate the interrelationship of serum 25(OH)D, smoking and lung function changes in a random sample of adults from the Nord-Trøndelag Health (HUNT) Study, Norway.Lung function was measured using spirometry and included forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) % predicted, forced vital capacity (FVC) % pred and FEV1/FVC ratio. Multiple linear and logistic regression models estimated the adjusted difference in lung function measures or lung function decline, adjusted odds ratios for impaired lung function or development of impaired lung function and 95% confidence intervals.40% of adults had serum 25(OH)D levels <50 nmol·L−1. Overall, those with a serum 25(OH)D level <50 nmol·L−1 showed worse lung function and increased odds of impaired lung function compared to the ≥50 nmol·L−1 group. These associations tended to be stronger among ever-smokers, including greater decline in FEV1/FVC ratio and greater odds of the development of impaired lung function (FEV1/FVC <70% OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2–4.9). Associations among never-smokers were null. Results from cross-sectional and follow-up studies were consistent. There were no associations between serum 25(OH)D levels and lung function or lung function changes in never-smokers, whereas significant associations were observed in ever-smokers.
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98
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Ford ES. Lung function, 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and mortality in US adults. Eur J Clin Nutr 2015; 69:572-8. [PMID: 25118000 PMCID: PMC4570480 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the associations between serum concentrations of vitamin D (25(OH)D) and all-cause mortality among US adults defined by lung function (LF) status, particularly among adults with obstructive LF (OLF). METHODS Data from 10,795 adults aged 20-79 years (685 with restrictive LF (RLF) and 1309 with OLF) who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994), had a spirometric examination, and were followed through 2006 were included. RESULTS During 14.2 years of follow-up, 1792 participants died. Mean adjusted concentrations of 25(OH)D were 75.0 nmol/l (s.e. 0.7) for adults with normal LF (NLF), 70.4 nmol/l (s.e. 1.8) for adults with RLF, 75.5 nmol/l (s.e. 1.5) for adults with mild obstruction and 71.0 nmol/l (s.e. 1.9) among adults with moderate or worse obstruction (P=0.030). After adjustment for sociodemographic factors, lifestyle factors, clinical variables and prevalent chronic conditions, a concentration of <25 nmol/l compared with ⩾ 75 nmol//l was associated with mortality only among adults with NLF (hazard ratio (HR) 1.76; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03, 3.00). Among participants with OLF, adjusted HRs were 0.65 (95% CI 0.29, 1.48), 1.21 (95% CI 0.89, 1.66) and 0.97 (95% CI 0.78, 1.19) among those with concentrations <25, 25-<50 and 50-<75 nmol/l, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Baseline concentrations of 25(OH)D did not significantly predict mortality among US adults with impaired LF.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Ford
- Division of Population Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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99
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Activation of vitamin D regulates response of human bronchial epithelial cells to Aspergillus fumigatus in an autocrine fashion. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:208491. [PMID: 25960612 PMCID: PMC4413954 DOI: 10.1155/2015/208491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) is one of the most common fungi to cause diseases in humans. Recent evidence has demonstrated that airway epithelial cells play an important role in combating A. fumigatus through inflammatory responses. Human airway epithelial cells have been proven to synthesize the active vitamin D, which plays a key role in regulating inflammation. The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of A. fumigatus infection on the activation of vitamin D and the role of vitamin D activation in A. fumigatus-elicited antifungal immunity in normal human airway epithelial cells. We found that A. fumigatus swollen conidia (SC) induced the expression of 1α-hydroxylase, the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of active vitamin D, and vitamin D receptor (VDR) in 16HBE cells and led to increased local generation of active vitamin D. Locally activated vitamin D amplified SC-induced expression of antimicrobial peptides in 16HBE cells but attenuated SC-induced production of cytokines in an autocrine fashion. Furthermore, we identified β-glucan, the major A. fumigatus cell wall component, as the causative agent for upregulation of 1α-hydroxylase and VDR in 16HBE cells. Therefore, activation of vitamin D is inducible and provides a bidirectional regulation of the responses to A. fumigatus in 16HBE cells.
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100
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Yawn J, Lawrence LA, Carroll WW, Mulligan JK. Vitamin D for the treatment of respiratory diseases: is it the end or just the beginning? J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 148:326-37. [PMID: 25625665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A large number of human, animal and in vitro studies have suggested that vitamin D3 (VD3) plays a critical role in inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis, and allergic rhinitis. VD3 acts upon a broad range of immune cells involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases including T-cells, dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and B-cells. In addition, VD3 can also regulate the functions of a number of non-immune cells including epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells. Given that VD3 has known effects on the immune system, it seems logical that supplementation with VD3 would prove efficacious in the treatment of these three diseases. While many studies, most of which are observational, have suggested that VD3 deficiency is associated with more severe disease, VD3 supplementation trials in humans have resulted in varied outcomes in terms of efficacy. In this review article we will discuss the role of VD3 in these three commonly associated respiratory diseases. We will explore the literature describing associations of VD3 deficiency with patient outcomes, cells in the respiratory microenvironment susceptible to VD3 regulation, conflicting results of VD3 supplementation trials, and potential gaps in our knowledge that may be limiting the widespread use of VD3 for the treatment of respiratory diseases such asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis and allergic rhinitis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled '17th Vitamin D Workshop'.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Yawn
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Lauren A Lawrence
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - William W Carroll
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Jennifer K Mulligan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States.
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