51
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Bonebrake TC, Brown CJ, Bell JD, Blanchard JL, Chauvenet A, Champion C, Chen IC, Clark TD, Colwell RK, Danielsen F, Dell AI, Donelson JM, Evengård B, Ferrier S, Frusher S, Garcia RA, Griffis RB, Hobday AJ, Jarzyna MA, Lee E, Lenoir J, Linnetved H, Martin VY, McCormack PC, McDonald J, McDonald-Madden E, Mitchell N, Mustonen T, Pandolfi JM, Pettorelli N, Possingham H, Pulsifer P, Reynolds M, Scheffers BR, Sorte CJB, Strugnell JM, Tuanmu MN, Twiname S, Vergés A, Villanueva C, Wapstra E, Wernberg T, Pecl GT. Managing consequences of climate-driven species redistribution requires integration of ecology, conservation and social science. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 93:284-305. [PMID: 28568902 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is driving a pervasive global redistribution of the planet's species. Species redistribution poses new questions for the study of ecosystems, conservation science and human societies that require a coordinated and integrated approach. Here we review recent progress, key gaps and strategic directions in this nascent research area, emphasising emerging themes in species redistribution biology, the importance of understanding underlying drivers and the need to anticipate novel outcomes of changes in species ranges. We highlight that species redistribution has manifest implications across multiple temporal and spatial scales and from genes to ecosystems. Understanding range shifts from ecological, physiological, genetic and biogeographical perspectives is essential for informing changing paradigms in conservation science and for designing conservation strategies that incorporate changing population connectivity and advance adaptation to climate change. Species redistributions present challenges for human well-being, environmental management and sustainable development. By synthesising recent approaches, theories and tools, our review establishes an interdisciplinary foundation for the development of future research on species redistribution. Specifically, we demonstrate how ecological, conservation and social research on species redistribution can best be achieved by working across disciplinary boundaries to develop and implement solutions to climate change challenges. Future studies should therefore integrate existing and complementary scientific frameworks while incorporating social science and human-centred approaches. Finally, we emphasise that the best science will not be useful unless more scientists engage with managers, policy makers and the public to develop responsible and socially acceptable options for the global challenges arising from species redistributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Bonebrake
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | | | - Johann D Bell
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.,Conservation International, Arlington, VA, 22202, U.S.A
| | - Julia L Blanchard
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia.,Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Alienor Chauvenet
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Curtis Champion
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - I-Ching Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Republic of China
| | - Timothy D Clark
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia.,CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Hobart, 7000, Australia
| | - Robert K Colwell
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, University of Copenhagen, Natural History Museum of Denmark, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, U.S.A.,University of Colorado Museum of Natural History, Boulder, CO, 80309, U.S.A.,Departmento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, CP 131, 74.001-970, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Finn Danielsen
- Nordic Foundation for Development and Ecology (NORDECO), Copenhagen, DK-1159, Denmark
| | - Anthony I Dell
- National Great Rivers Research and Education Center (NGRREC), East Alton, IL, 62024, U.S.A.,Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 631303, USA
| | - Jennifer M Donelson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, 2007, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Australia
| | - Birgitta Evengård
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umea University, 90187, Umea, Sweden
| | | | - Stewart Frusher
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia.,Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Raquel A Garcia
- Department of Statistical Sciences, Centre for Statistics in Ecology, the Environment and Conservation, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa.,Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Roger B Griffis
- NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Science and Technology, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, U.S.A
| | - Alistair J Hobday
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia.,CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, 7000, Australia
| | - Marta A Jarzyna
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, U.S.A
| | - Emma Lee
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UR « Ecologie et dynamique des systèmes anthropisés » (EDYSAN, FRE 3498 CNRS-UPJV), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, FR-80037, Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Hlif Linnetved
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, DK-1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Victoria Y Martin
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, U.S.A
| | | | - Jan McDonald
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia.,Faculty of Law, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, Australia
| | - Eve McDonald-Madden
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.,School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Nicola Mitchell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia
| | - Tero Mustonen
- Snowchange Cooperative, University of Eastern Finland, 80130, Joensuu, Finland
| | - John M Pandolfi
- School of Biological Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | | | - Hugh Possingham
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.,Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment, Silwood Park, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Peter Pulsifer
- National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, U.S.A
| | - Mark Reynolds
- The Nature Conservancy, San Francisco, CA, 94105, U.S.A
| | - Brett R Scheffers
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida/IFAS, Gainesville, FL, 32611, U.S.A
| | - Cascade J B Sorte
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, U.S.A
| | - Jan M Strugnell
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Australia
| | - Mao-Ning Tuanmu
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Republic of China
| | - Samantha Twiname
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Adriana Vergés
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Cecilia Villanueva
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Erik Wapstra
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia.,UWA Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Gretta T Pecl
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia.,Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
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52
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Díez G, Moreno G, Galaz T, Dagorn L, Murua J. Digestive activity and stomach temperature in farmed bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus measured by acoustic tag. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2017; 90:2504-2511. [PMID: 28474410 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Eight farmed Atlantic bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus were tagged with temperature and depth transmitters inserted in chub mackerels Scomber colias to characterize their digestive activity, feeding physiology and behaviour in captivity. Results obtained in the experiment can be used to optimize daily T. thynnus feeding strategy in farms, reducing the early regurgitation of food and thus the environmental effects of inappropriate feeding practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Díez
- AZTI, Marine Research Division, Txatxarramendi z/g (48395), Sukarrieta, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - G Moreno
- International Seafood Sustainability Foundation (ISSF), 601 New Jersey Ave NW Suite 220, Washington, DC, 20001, U.S.A
| | - T Galaz
- Mediterranean Aquafarm Services S.L., Rio Bidasoa n° 6A. 30370 Playa Honda, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
| | - L Dagorn
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR MARBEC (IRD, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS), Avenue J. Monnet, 34203, Sète Cedex, France
| | - J Murua
- AZTI, Marine Research Division, Txatxarramendi z/g (48395), Sukarrieta, Bizkaia, Spain
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53
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Stieglitz JD, Mager EM, Hoenig RH, Benetti DD, Grosell M. Impacts of Deepwater Horizon crude oil exposure on adult mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) swim performance. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:2613-2622. [PMID: 27018209 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The temporal and geographic attributes of the Deepwater Horizon incident in 2010 likely exposed pelagic game fish species, such as mahi-mahi, to crude oil. Although much of the research assessing the effects of the spill has focused on early life stages of fish, studies examining whole-animal physiological responses of adult marine fish species are lacking. Using swim chamber respirometry, the present study demonstrates that acute exposure to a sublethal concentration of the water accommodated fraction of Deepwater Horizon crude oil results in significant swim performance impacts on young adult mahi-mahi, representing the first report of acute sublethal toxicity on adult pelagic fish in the Gulf of Mexico following the spill. At an exposure concentration of 8.4 ± 0.6 µg L-1 sum of 50 selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; mean of geometric means ± standard error of the mean), significant decreases in the critical and optimal swimming speeds of 14% and 10%, respectively (p < 0.05), were observed. In addition, a 20% reduction in the maximum metabolic rate and a 29% reduction in aerobic scope resulted from exposure to this level of ΣPAHs. Using environmentally relevant crude oil exposure concentrations and a commercially and ecologically valuable Gulf of Mexico fish species, the present results provide insight into the effects of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on adult pelagic fish. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2613-2622. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Stieglitz
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
| | - Edward M Mager
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ronald H Hoenig
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel D Benetti
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Martin Grosell
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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54
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Quantifying overlap between the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and predicted bluefin tuna spawning habitat in the Gulf of Mexico. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33824. [PMID: 27654709 PMCID: PMC5031980 DOI: 10.1038/srep33824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) are distributed throughout the North Atlantic and are both economically valuable and heavily exploited. The fishery is currently managed as two spawning populations, with the GOM population being severely depleted for over 20 years. In April-August of 2010, the Deepwater Horizon oil spill released approximately 4 million barrels of oil into the GOM, with severe ecosystem and economic impacts. Acute oil exposure results in mortality of bluefin eggs and larvae, while chronic effects on spawning adults are less well understood. Here we used 16 years of electronic tagging data for 66 bluefin tuna to identify spawning events, to quantify habitat preferences, and to predict habitat use and oil exposure within Gulf of Mexico spawning grounds. More than 54,000 km2 (5%) of predicted spawning habitat within the US EEZ was oiled during the week of peak oil dispersal, with potentially lethal effects on eggs and larvae. Although the oil spill overlapped with a relatively small portion of predicted spawning habitat, the cumulative impact from oil, ocean warming and bycatch mortality on GOM spawning grounds may result in significant effects for a population that shows little evidence of rebuilding.
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55
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Olson RJ, Young JW, Ménard F, Potier M, Allain V, Goñi N, Logan JM, Galván-Magaña F. Bioenergetics, Trophic Ecology, and Niche Separation of Tunas. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2016; 74:199-344. [PMID: 27573052 DOI: 10.1016/bs.amb.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tunas are highly specialized predators that have evolved numerous adaptations for a lifestyle that requires large amounts of energy consumption. Here we review our understanding of the bioenergetics and feeding dynamics of tunas on a global scale, with an emphasis on yellowfin, bigeye, skipjack, albacore, and Atlantic bluefin tunas. Food consumption balances bioenergetics expenditures for respiration, growth (including gonad production), specific dynamic action, egestion, and excretion. Tunas feed across the micronekton and some large zooplankton. Some tunas appear to time their life history to take advantage of ephemeral aggregations of crustacean, fish, and molluscan prey. Ontogenetic and spatial diet differences are substantial, and significant interdecadal changes in prey composition have been observed. Diet shifts from larger to smaller prey taxa highlight ecosystem-wide changes in prey availability and diversity and provide implications for changing bioenergetics requirements into the future. Where tunas overlap, we show evidence of niche separation between them; resources are divided largely by differences in diet percentages and size ranges of prey taxa. The lack of long-term data limits the ability to predict impacts of climate change on tuna feeding behaviour. We note the need for systematic collection of feeding data as part of routine monitoring of these species, and we highlight the advantages of using biochemical techniques for broad-scale analyses of trophic relations. We support the continued development of ecosystem models, which all too often lack the regional-specific trophic data needed to adequately investigate climate and fishing impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Olson
- Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, La Jolla, CA, United States.
| | - J W Young
- CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - F Ménard
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Université de Toulon), Marseille, France
| | - M Potier
- IRD, UMR MARBEC (IRD, UM, Ifremer, CNRS), Sète cedex, France
| | - V Allain
- Pacific Community (SPC), Nouméa cedex, New Caledonia
| | - N Goñi
- AZTI-Tecnalia/Marine Research, Pasaia, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - J M Logan
- Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries, New Bedford, MA, United States
| | - F Galván-Magaña
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
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56
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Deshpande AD, Dickhut RM, Dockum BW, Brill RW, Farrington C. Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides as intrinsic tracer tags of foraging grounds of bluefin tuna in the northwest Atlantic Ocean. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 105:265-76. [PMID: 26895594 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have utilized chemical fingerprints in the determination of habitat utilization and movements of the aquatic animals. In the present effort, we analyzed polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners and organochlorine pesticides in the samples of juvenile bluefin tuna caught offshore of Virginia, and in larger bluefin tuna from the Gulf of Maine and near Nova Scotia. For a given specimen, or a given location, PCB concentrations were highest, followed by DDTs, and chlordanes. Average contaminant concentrations from fish captured from the three locations were not significantly different; and PCBs, DDTs, and chlordanes correlated well with each other. Trans-nonachlor/PCB 153 ratios in bluefin tuna of eastern Atlantic (i.e., Mediterranean) origin are low compared to the corresponding ratios in fish in the western Atlantic. As the former migrate to the western Atlantic, these ratios gradually turnover due to the accumulation of biomass from forage contaminated with higher trans-nonachlor/PCB 153 ratio reflecting dissimilar use of chlordane pesticides on two sides of the Atlantic Ocean. The trans-nonachlor/PCB 153 ratio indicated that one juvenile bluefin tuna from offshore of Virginia and one large bluefin tuna from Gulf of Maine in the present study originated from foraging grounds in the Mediterranean Sea, and that they have made the trans-Atlantic migrations. The remaining individuals were determined to be either spawned in the Gulf of Mexico or the trans-nonachlor/PCB 153 ratio for the putative Mediterranean bluefin tuna was completely turned over to resemble the ratio characteristic to the western Atlantic. Based on the turnover time for trans-nonachlor/PCB 153 ratio previously determined, the residence time of juvenile bluefin tuna offshore Virginia was estimated to be at least 0.8 to 1.6years. A discriminant function analysis (DFA) plot of total PCB normalized signatures of PCB congeners showed three separate clusters, which suggested that bluefin tuna from offshore Virginia, Gulf of Maine, and Nova Scotia could have had extended residences and foraging within the areas of capture to be able to sustain the stable signatures of PCB congeners. The DFA cluster results supported the concept of metapopulation theory of spatial ecology comprising discrete aggregates of local populations of bluefin tuna where the desired prey species are likely to be abundant. Despite their highly migratory trait and endothermic advantage of foraging in broader and colder habitats, the movements and mixing across the aggregation ranges related to feeding did not appear to be extensive. Advancement in the understanding of bluefin tuna population dynamics beyond the coarse concept of trans-Atlantic migrations to the metapopulation hypothesis provides a novel exploratory tool in the stock assessment and resource management. As the chemical tracer tags are fortified naturally and document the time- and space-integrated foraging history, they promise to serve as the low-cost alternatives to the high-cost electronic data recording tags employed for addressing the migratory movements of bluefin tuna. Between the different potential chemical tracer tags, a distinct advantage of PCB/pesticide analysis over the otolith micro-constituent analysis is that the muscle tissue of a given individual bluefin tuna can be sampled repeatedly for PCB/pesticide analysis over different spatial and temporal scales in a non-lethal manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok D Deshpande
- NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, James J. Howard Marine Sciences Laboratory, Sandy Hook, NJ, United States.
| | - Rebecca M Dickhut
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA, United States
| | - Bruce W Dockum
- NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, James J. Howard Marine Sciences Laboratory, Sandy Hook, NJ, United States
| | - Richard W Brill
- NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, James J. Howard Marine Sciences Laboratory, Sandy Hook, NJ, United States
| | - Cameron Farrington
- NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, James J. Howard Marine Sciences Laboratory, Sandy Hook, NJ, United States
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57
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Richardson DE, Marancik KE, Guyon JR, Lutcavage ME, Galuardi B, Lam CH, Walsh HJ, Wildes S, Yates DA, Hare JA. Discovery of a spawning ground reveals diverse migration strategies in Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:3299-304. [PMID: 26951668 PMCID: PMC4812764 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1525636113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atlantic bluefin tuna are a symbol of both the conflict between preservationist and utilitarian views of top ocean predators, and the struggle to reach international consensus on the management of migratory species. Currently, Atlantic bluefin tuna are managed as an early-maturing eastern stock, which spawns in the Mediterranean Sea, and a late-maturing western stock, which spawns in the Gulf of Mexico. However, electronic tagging studies show that many bluefin tuna, assumed to be of a mature size, do not visit either spawning ground during the spawning season. Whether these fish are spawning in an alternate location, skip-spawning, or not spawning until an older age affects how vulnerable this species is to anthropogenic stressors including exploitation. We use larval collections to demonstrate a bluefin tuna spawning ground in the Slope Sea, between the Gulf Stream and northeast United States continental shelf. We contend that western Atlantic bluefin tuna have a differential spawning migration, with larger individuals spawning in the Gulf of Mexico, and smaller individuals spawning in the Slope Sea. The current life history model, which assumes only Gulf of Mexico spawning, overestimates age at maturity for the western stock. Furthermore, individual tuna occupy both the Slope Sea and Mediterranean Sea in separate years, contrary to the prevailing view that individuals exhibit complete spawning-site fidelity. Overall, this complexity of spawning migrations questions whether there is complete independence in the dynamics of eastern and western Atlantic bluefin tuna and leads to lower estimates of the vulnerability of this species to exploitation and other anthropogenic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Richardson
- Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Narragansett, RI 02882;
| | - Katrin E Marancik
- Integrated Statistics, Contractor for Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Narragansett, RI 02882
| | - Jeffrey R Guyon
- Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Juneau, AK 99801
| | - Molly E Lutcavage
- Large Pelagics Research Center, School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, Gloucester, MA 01931
| | - Benjamin Galuardi
- School of Marine Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Fairhaven, MA 02719; Greater Atlantic Regional Fisheries Office, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Gloucester, MA 01930
| | - Chi Hin Lam
- Large Pelagics Research Center, School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, Gloucester, MA 01931
| | - Harvey J Walsh
- Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Narragansett, RI 02882
| | - Sharon Wildes
- Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Juneau, AK 99801
| | - Douglas A Yates
- Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Juneau, AK 99801
| | - Jonathan A Hare
- Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Narragansett, RI 02882
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58
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Horodysky AZ, Cooke SJ, Graves JE, Brill RW. Fisheries conservation on the high seas: linking conservation physiology and fisheries ecology for the management of large pelagic fishes. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 4:cov059. [PMID: 27382467 PMCID: PMC4922246 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cov059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Populations of tunas, billfishes and pelagic sharks are fished at or over capacity in many regions of the world. They are captured by directed commercial and recreational fisheries (the latter of which often promote catch and release) or as incidental catch or bycatch in commercial fisheries. Population assessments of pelagic fishes typically incorporate catch-per-unit-effort time-series data from commercial and recreational fisheries; however, there have been notable changes in target species, areas fished and depth-specific gear deployments over the years that may have affected catchability. Some regional fisheries management organizations take into account the effects of time- and area-specific changes in the behaviours of fish and fishers, as well as fishing gear, to standardize catch-per-unit-effort indices and refine population estimates. However, estimates of changes in stock size over time may be very sensitive to underlying assumptions of the effects of oceanographic conditions and prey distribution on the horizontal and vertical movement patterns and distribution of pelagic fishes. Effective management and successful conservation of pelagic fishes requires a mechanistic understanding of their physiological and behavioural responses to environmental variability, potential for interaction with commercial and recreational fishing gear, and the capture process. The interdisciplinary field of conservation physiology can provide insights into pelagic fish demography and ecology (including environmental relationships and interspecific interactions) by uniting the complementary expertise and skills of fish physiologists and fisheries scientists. The iterative testing by one discipline of hypotheses generated by the other can span the fundamental-applied science continuum, leading to the development of robust insights supporting informed management. The resulting species-specific understanding of physiological abilities and tolerances can help to improve stock assessments, develop effective bycatch-reduction strategies, predict rates of post-release mortality, and forecast the population effects of environmental change. In this synthesis, we review several examples of these interdisciplinary collaborations that currently benefit pelagic fisheries management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrij Z. Horodysky
- Department of Marine and Environmental Science, Hampton University, 100 East Queen Street, Hampton, VA 23668, USA
| | - Steven J. Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - John E. Graves
- Department of Fisheries Science, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
| | - Richard W. Brill
- Department of Fisheries Science, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
- Behavioral Ecology Branch, James J. Howard Marine Sciences Laboratory, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Highlands, NJ 07732, USA
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59
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Councill EL. Incorporating stochasticity in the study of exploited fish population dynamics: Implications for the study of post-recruitment harvest strategies. Math Biosci 2016; 273:16-22. [PMID: 26721378 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous work has shown that an effective method of maintaining spawning stock biomass (SSB), the biomass of fish that are reproductively mature, within an exploited stock is to regulate harvest so that maximum fishing mortality rates occur after peak spawning during the year. This is known as post-recruitment harvest. The goal of this work is to examine if the advantages of post-recruitment harvest hold when reported stochasticity in the age and time distribution of harvest rates, known as selectivity, is considered. A hybrid dynamical systems model, one in which both continuous-time and discrete-time processes operate simultaneously, was derived, and recursive solutions were found. Results from other studies indicating the benefit of post-recruitment harvest were verified using this hybrid model when selectivity was considered fixed. Simulations were repeated including variance in selectivity using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) procedure. Results show that the benefits of post-recruitment harvest to the preservation of SSB were considerably less advantageous when each age class was assumed to be subject to annual stochastic selectivity. Furthermore, the stochastic scenarios gave estimates of SSB that were lower than their fixed selectivity analogs, indicating that the benefits of theoretical post-recruitment harvest may be diminished to some extent when stochasticity plays a large role in the dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Councill
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, United States .
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60
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Mariani P, Křivan V, MacKenzie BR, Mullon C. The migration game in habitat network: the case of tuna. THEOR ECOL-NETH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12080-015-0290-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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61
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Crook DA, Lowe WH, Allendorf FW, Erős T, Finn DS, Gillanders BM, Hadwen WL, Harrod C, Hermoso V, Jennings S, Kilada RW, Nagelkerken I, Hansen MM, Page TJ, Riginos C, Fry B, Hughes JM. Human effects on ecological connectivity in aquatic ecosystems: Integrating scientific approaches to support management and mitigation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 534:52-64. [PMID: 25917446 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the drivers and implications of anthropogenic disturbance of ecological connectivity is a key concern for the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem processes. Here, we review human activities that affect the movements and dispersal of aquatic organisms, including damming of rivers, river regulation, habitat loss and alteration, human-assisted dispersal of organisms and climate change. Using a series of case studies, we show that the insight needed to understand the nature and implications of connectivity, and to underpin conservation and management, is best achieved via data synthesis from multiple analytical approaches. We identify four key knowledge requirements for progressing our understanding of the effects of anthropogenic impacts on ecological connectivity: autecology; population structure; movement characteristics; and environmental tolerance/phenotypic plasticity. Structuring empirical research around these four broad data requirements, and using this information to parameterise appropriate models and develop management approaches, will allow for mitigation of the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on ecological connectivity in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Crook
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0909, Australia.
| | - Winsor H Lowe
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | | | - Tibor Erős
- Balaton Limnological Institute, Centre for Ecological Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Tihany, Klebelsberg, K.u. 3., H-8237, Hungary
| | - Debra S Finn
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Departamento de Recursos Hídricos y Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Bronwyn M Gillanders
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, DX 650 418, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Wade L Hadwen
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Chris Harrod
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Alexander Von Humboldt, Universidad de Antofagasta, Avenida Angamos, 601 Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Virgilio Hermoso
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Simon Jennings
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Lowestoft Laboratory, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, UK; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Raouf W Kilada
- Biology Department, University of New Brunswick (Saint John), Canada
| | - Ivan Nagelkerken
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, DX 650 418, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Michael M Hansen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade, Bldg. 1540, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Timothy J Page
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Cynthia Riginos
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Brian Fry
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Jane M Hughes
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
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62
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Hsu AC, Boustany AM, Roberts JJ, Chang JH, Halpin PN. Tuna and swordfish catch in the U.S. northwest Atlantic longline fishery in relation to mesoscale eddies. FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY 2015; 24:508-520. [PMID: 27667909 PMCID: PMC5020580 DOI: 10.1111/fog.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To analyze the effects of mesoscale eddies, sea surface temperature (SST), and gear configuration on the catch of Atlantic bluefin (Thunnus thynnus), yellowfin (Thunnus albacares), and bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) and swordfish (Xiphias gladius) in the U.S. northwest Atlantic longline fishery, we constructed multivariate statistical models relating these variables to the catch of the four species in 62 121 longline hauls made between 1993 and 2005. During the same 13-year period, 103 anticyclonic eddies and 269 cyclonic eddies were detected by our algorithm in the region 30-55°N, 30-80°W. Our results show that tuna and swordfish catches were associated with different eddy structures. Bluefin tuna catch was highest in anticyclonic eddies whereas yellowfin and bigeye tuna catches were highest in cyclonic eddies. Swordfish catch was found preferentially in regions outside of eddies. Our study confirms that the common practice of targeting tuna with day sets and swordfish with night sets is effective. In addition, bluefin tuna and swordfish catches responded to most of the variables we tested in the opposite directions. Bluefin tuna catch was negatively correlated with longitude and the number of light sticks used whereas swordfish catch was positively correlated with these two variables. We argue that overfishing of bluefin tuna can be alleviated and that swordfish can be targeted more efficiently by avoiding fishing in anticyclonic eddies and in near-shore waters and using more light sticks and fishing at night in our study area, although further studies are needed to propose a solid oceanography-based management plan for catch selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ango C Hsu
- Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Marine Lab A328LSRC Building Durham NC 27708-0328 U.S.A.; School of Marine Sciences University of Maine 5706 Aubert Hall Orono ME 04469-5706 U.S.A
| | - Andre M Boustany
- Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Marine Lab A328 LSRC Building Durham NC 27708-0328 U.S.A
| | - Jason J Roberts
- Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Marine Lab A328 LSRC Building Durham NC 27708-0328 U.S.A
| | - Jui-Han Chang
- School of Marine Sciences University of Maine 5706 Aubert Hall Orono ME 04469-5706 U.S.A
| | - Patrick N Halpin
- Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Marine Lab A328 LSRC Building Durham NC 27708-0328 U.S.A
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63
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Mislan KAS, Dunne JP, Sarmiento JL. The fundamental niche of blood oxygen binding in the pelagic ocean. OIKOS 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.02650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. A. S. Mislan
- Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, Princeton University; 300 Forrestal Road Princeton NJ 08540 USA
| | - John P. Dunne
- NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory; 201 Forrestal Road Princeton NJ 08540 USA
| | - Jorge L. Sarmiento
- Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, Princeton University; 300 Forrestal Road Princeton NJ 08540 USA
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McGillicuddy DJ. Mechanisms of Physical-Biological-Biogeochemical Interaction at the Oceanic Mesoscale. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2015; 8:125-159. [PMID: 26359818 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-010814-015606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mesoscale phenomena are ubiquitous and highly energetic features of ocean circulation. Their influence on biological and biogeochemical processes varies widely, stemming not only from advective transport but also from the generation of variations in the environment that affect biological and chemical rates. The ephemeral nature of mesoscale features in the ocean makes it difficult to elucidate the attendant mechanisms of physical-biological-biogeochemical interaction, necessitating the use of multidisciplinary approaches involving in situ observations, remote sensing, and modeling. All three aspects are woven through this review in an attempt to synthesize current understanding of the topic, with particular emphasis on novel developments in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis J McGillicuddy
- Department of Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543;
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65
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Gordoa A, Sanz N, Viñas J. Individual Spawning Duration of Captive Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus) Revealed by Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of Eggs. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136733. [PMID: 26317343 PMCID: PMC4552825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents the first results on Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) individual spawning duration and its short-term temporal behavior. The study was based on direct measurements resulting from mtDNA analysis of the offspring of spawners held in transport cages during the 2013 spawning monitoring survey in Balearic waters. The number of females consisted of approximately 259 individuals with an average weight of 186 kg. The survey began on May 22 and ended on July 3. Spawning started on May 30 and was observed every night afterwards. The sampling of eggs for genetic monitoring was conducted for 9 days interspersed from the beginning of spawning to the end of the survey. A total of 946 eggs were analyzed and revealed 129 different haplotypes; 77 of these were not previously detected in the Mediterranean. A total of 69 haplotypes were observed in more than one spawning event and those with higher frequency lasted their maximum possible duration. The haplotypes present at the beginning of spawning were also identified at the end of the sampling, indicating a minimum spawning duration of 34 days, and individual annual fecundity was estimated at around 1290 eggs gr-1. These results differed from those generally presumed until now and are indicative of a much higher fecundity. Females exhibited a regular spawning schedule but with the capacity to shift the spawning hour during the spawning season. These results were observed for the eastern population of Atlantic bluefin tuna and before extrapolating to the western population, their validity should be proved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gordoa
- Department of Marine Ecology, Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Blanes, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Blanes, Girona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Nuria Sanz
- Laboratori d'Ictiologia Genètica, Departament de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Jordi Viñas
- Laboratori d'Ictiologia Genètica, Departament de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
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66
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Newton KC, Wraith J, Dickson KA. Digestive enzyme activities are higher in the shortfin mako shark, Isurus oxyrinchus, than in ectothermic sharks as a result of visceral endothermy. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:887-898. [PMID: 25893905 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Lamnid sharks are regionally endothermic fishes that maintain visceral temperatures elevated above the ambient water temperature. Visceral endothermy is thought to increase rates of digestion and food processing and allow thermal niche expansion. We tested the hypothesis that, at in vivo temperatures, the endothermic shortfin mako shark, Isurus oxyrinchus, has higher specific activities of three digestive enzymes-gastric pepsin and pancreatic trypsin and lipase-than the thresher shark, Alopias vulpinus, and the blue shark, Prionace glauca, neither of which can maintain elevated visceral temperatures. Homogenized stomach or pancreas tissue obtained from sharks collected by pelagic longline was incubated at both 15 and 25 °C, at saturating substrate concentrations, to quantify tissue enzymatic activity. The mako had significantly higher enzyme activities at 25 °C than did the thresher and blue sharks at 15 °C. This difference was not a simple temperature effect, because at 25 °C the mako had higher trypsin activity than the blue shark and higher activities for all enzymes than the thresher shark. We also hypothesized that the thermal coefficient, or Q 10 value, would be higher for the mako shark than for the thresher and blue sharks because of its more stable visceral temperature. However, the mako and thresher sharks had similar Q 10 values for all enzymes, perhaps because of their closer phylogenetic relationship. The higher in vivo digestive enzyme activities in the mako shark should result in higher rates of food processing and may represent a selective advantage of regional visceral endothermy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle C Newton
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, 800 N. State College Blvd, Fullerton, CA, 92834, USA
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67
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Gurarie E, Bracis C, Delgado M, Meckley TD, Kojola I, Wagner CM. What is the animal doing? Tools for exploring behavioural structure in animal movements. J Anim Ecol 2015; 85:69-84. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eliezer Gurarie
- Department of Biology University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Chloe Bracis
- Quantitative Ecology and Resource Management University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Maria Delgado
- Department of Biosciences University of Helsinki 00014Helsinki Finland
- Research Unit of Biodiversity (UMIB, UO‐CSIC‐PA) Oviedo University – Campus Mieres 33600Mieres Spain
| | - Trevor D. Meckley
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Ilpo Kojola
- Natural Resources Institute Box 16 FI‐96301Rovaniemi Finland
| | - C. Michael Wagner
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA
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68
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Strohm JHT, Gwiazdowski RA, Hanner R. Fast fish face fewer mitochondrial mutations: Patterns of dN/dS across fish mitogenomes. Gene 2015; 572:27-34. [PMID: 26149654 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA is routinely used to answer a variety of biological questions; and there is growing evidence suggesting that its accumulation of mutations is influenced by life history, effective population size and cellular energy requirements. This study examines the influence of phylogenetic patterns of metabolic activity on the evolution of mitochondrial DNA in fishes, given energy requirements associated with high performance versus sedentary life histories. It was determined that all 13 protein coding genes of the mitogenome experience a relaxation of purifying selection in sedentary fishes. This phenomenon was not detected in nuclear housekeeping genes, suggesting that it can be explained by the energy requirements of these groups, and possibly their effective population sizes. This study also examined the subunit binding sites of two subunits of cytochrome c oxidase (COXI and COXIII), and did not detect any differences in selection between these groups of fishes. These cytochrome c oxidase subunits interact with subunits that are encoded by the nuclear genome and it has been suggested that a unique form of coevolution occurs between these genomes in order to maintain function, and may have implications for speciation. Although this was not a main focus of this study, our preliminary results suggest that substitutions in subunit binding site regions are rare. The results from this study add to the growing literature on the complex relationship between mitochondrial DNA and the evolution of life histories across the tree of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff H T Strohm
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Rodger A Gwiazdowski
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Robert Hanner
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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69
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Comparative analyses of animal-tracking data reveal ecological significance of endothermy in fishes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:6104-9. [PMID: 25902489 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1500316112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite long evolutionary separations, several sharks and tunas share the ability to maintain slow-twitch, aerobic red muscle (RM) warmer than ambient water. Proximate causes of RM endothermy are well understood, but ultimate causes are unclear. Two advantages often proposed are thermal niche expansion and elevated cruising speeds. The thermal niche hypothesis is generally supported, because fishes with RM endothermy often exhibit greater tolerance to broad temperature ranges. In contrast, whether fishes with RM endothermy cruise faster, and achieve any ecological benefits from doing so, remains unclear. Here, we compiled data recorded by modern animal-tracking tools for a variety of free-swimming marine vertebrates. Using phylogenetically informed allometry, we show that both cruising speeds and maximum annual migration ranges of fishes with RM endothermy are 2-3 times greater than fishes without it, and comparable to nonfish endotherms (i.e., penguins and marine mammals). The estimated cost of transport of fishes with RM endothermy is twice that of fishes without it. We suggest that the high energetic cost of RM endothermy in fishes is offset by the benefit of elevated cruising speeds, which not only increase prey encounter rates, but also enable larger-scale annual migrations and potentially greater access to seasonally available resources.
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70
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Light-sensitive vertical migration of the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica revealed by real-time tracking and its utilization for geolocation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121801. [PMID: 25875179 PMCID: PMC4398447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-time tracking (one to eight days) of the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) using ultrasonic transmitter was performed in the tropical-subtropical area adjacent to the spawning area and temperate area off the Japanese Archipelago. Of 16 eels (11 wild and five farmed) used, 10 wild eels displayed clear diel vertical migration (DVM) from the beginning, while the other five farmed eels tracked for 19 to 66 hours did not. During daytime, a significantly positive correlation between migration depth and light intensity recorded on the vessel was observed in the 10 wild eels, indicating that the eels were sensitive to sunlight even at the middle to lower mesopelagic zone (500 to 800 m). During nighttime, the eel migration depth was observed to be associated with the phase, rising and setting of the moon, indicating that the eels were sensitive to moonlight at the upper mesopelagic zone (<300 m). Two of 10 wild eels were in the yellow stage but shared similar DVM with the silver stage eels. Swimbladders of three silver stage eels were punctured before releasing, but very little effect on DVM was observed. The eels very punctually initiated descent upon nautical dawn and ascent upon sunset, enabling us to determine local times for sunrise and sunset, and hence this behavior may be used for geolocating eels. In fact, estimated positions of eels based on the depth trajectory data were comparable or even better than those obtained by light-based archival tag in other fish species.
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71
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Brillant SW, Vanderlaan ASM, Rangeley RW, Taggart CT. Quantitative estimates of the movement and distribution of North Atlantic right whales along the northeast coast of North America. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2015. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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72
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Santamaria N, Bello G, Pousis C, Vassallo-Agius R, de la Gándara F, Corriero A. Fin spine bone resorption in atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus, and comparison between wild and captive-reared specimens. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121924. [PMID: 25751271 PMCID: PMC4353707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone resorption in the first spine of the first dorsal fin of Atlantic bluefin tuna (ABFT) has long been considered for age estimation studies. In the present paper spine bone resorption was assessed in wild (aged 1 to 13 years) and captive-reared (aged 2 to 11 years) ABFT sampled from the Mediterranean Sea. Total surface (TS), solid surface (SS) and reabsorbed surface (RS) were measured in spine transverse sections in order to obtain proportions of SS and RS. The spine section surface was found to be isometrically correlated to the fish fork length by a power equation. The fraction of solid spine bone progressively decreased according to a logarithmic equation correlating SS/TS to both fish size and age. The values ranged from 57% in the smallest examined individuals to 37% in the largest specimens. This phenomenon was further enhanced in captive-reared ABFT where SS/TS was 22% in the largest measured specimen. The difference between the fraction of SS of wild and captive-reared ABFT was highly significant. In each year class from 1- to 7-year-old wild specimens, the fraction of spine reabsorbed surface was significantly higher in specimens collected from March to May than in those sampled during the rest of the year. In 4-year-old fish the normal SS increase during the summer did not occur, possibly coinciding with their first sexual maturity. According to the correlations between SS/TS and age, the rate of spine bone resorption was significantly higher, even almost double, in captive-reared specimens. This could be attributed to the wider context of systemic dysfunctions occurring in reared ABFT, and may be related to a number of factors, including nutritional deficiencies, alteration of endocrine profile, cortisol-induced stress, and loss of spine functions during locomotion in rearing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Santamaria
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano (BA), Italy
| | - Giambattista Bello
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano (BA), Italy
| | - Chrysovalentinos Pousis
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano (BA), Italy
| | | | - Fernando de la Gándara
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Puerto de Mazarrón, Spain
| | - Aldo Corriero
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano (BA), Italy
- * E-mail:
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73
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Lilly LE, Bonaventura J, Lipnick MS, Block BA. Effect of temperature acclimation on red blood cell oxygen affinity in Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 181:36-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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74
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Cermeño P, Quílez-Badia G, Ospina-Alvarez A, Sainz-Trápaga S, Boustany AM, Seitz AC, Tudela S, Block BA. Electronic tagging of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus, L.) reveals habitat use and behaviors in the Mediterranean Sea. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116638. [PMID: 25671316 PMCID: PMC4324982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the movements of Atlantic tuna (Thunnus thynnus L.) in the Mediterranean Sea using data from 2 archival tags and 37 pop-up satellite archival tags (PAT). Bluefin tuna ranging in size from 12 to 248 kg were tagged on board recreational boats in the western Mediterranean and the Adriatic Sea between May and September during two different periods (2000 to 2001 and 2008 to 2012). Although tuna migrations between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean have been well reported, our results indicate that part of the bluefin tuna population remains in the Mediterranean basin for much of the year, revealing a more complex population structure. In this study we demonstrate links between the western Mediterranean, the Adriatic and the Gulf of Sidra (Libya) using over 4336 recorded days of location and behavior data from tagged bluefin tuna with a maximum track length of 394 days. We described the oceanographic preferences and horizontal behaviors during the spawning season for 4 adult bluefin tuna. We also analyzed the time series data that reveals the vertical behavior of one pop-up satellite tag recovered, which was attached to a 43.9 kg tuna. This fish displayed a unique diving pattern within 16 days of the spawning season, suggesting a use of the thermocline as a thermoregulatory mechanism compatible with spawning. The results obtained hereby confirm that the Mediterranean is clearly an important habitat for this species, not only as spawning ground, but also as an overwintering foraging ground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Cermeño
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, Pacific Grove, California 93950, United States of America
- WWF Mediterranean Programme, Barcelona 08002, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Andrés Ospina-Alvarez
- WWF Mediterranean Programme, Barcelona 08002, Spain
- Center for Marine Conservation & Department of Ecology, Biological sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile 6513677, Chile
| | | | - Andre M. Boustany
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, Pacific Grove, California 93950, United States of America
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States of America
| | - Andy C. Seitz
- Tuna Research and Conservation Center, Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, California 93940, United States of America
- School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, United States of America
| | - Sergi Tudela
- WWF Mediterranean Programme, Barcelona 08002, Spain
| | - Barbara A. Block
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, Pacific Grove, California 93950, United States of America
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75
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Butler CM, Logan JM, Provaznik JM, Hoffmayer ER, Staudinger MD, Quattro JM, Roberts MA, Ingram GW, Pollack AG, Lutcavage ME. Atlantic bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus feeding ecology in the northern Gulf of Mexico: a preliminary description of diet from the western Atlantic spawning grounds. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2015; 86:365-374. [PMID: 25418682 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A combination of stomach contents, nitrogen stable-isotope and tissue C:N values are presented to demonstrate feeding activity of Atlantic bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus on the Gulf of Mexico (GOMEX) spawning grounds. Diets include teleosts, cephalopods, crustaceans and a pelagic tunicate (Pyrosoma atlanticum). Results reveal the need to classify the GOMEX as a T. thynnus feeding ground.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Butler
- Center for Fisheries Research & Development, Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, MS, 39564, U.S.A
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76
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Capoccioni F, Costa C, Canali E, Aguzzi J, Antonucci F, Ragonese S, Bianchini ML. The potential reproductive contribution of Mediterranean migrating eels to the Anguilla anguilla stock. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7188. [PMID: 25424371 PMCID: PMC4244628 DOI: 10.1038/srep07188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The European eel is a highly migratory fish. After the reproduction in the Sargasso Sea early larval-stages start a passive ocean migration towards European and Mediterranean continental waters. After several years as yellow eels, mature adults change to silver stage and then start their return trip. The trajectory of their backward migration is unknown, because of low probability of capturing migrating individuals, having this capture never been reported in the Mediterranean. Recently, 8 silver eels were collected in the Strait of Sicily. Using literature information about possible individual route and speed, their geographical position was projected up to the spawning site during reproductive season. Despite using optimal and continuous migration swimming speed, none of the specimens may have been able to reach the Sargasso Sea in time for mating. Subsequently, to identify putative Mediterranean areas from which eels could have been reaching the spawning grounds on time, a backward scenario was postulated using the previous scientific assumptions. Our results suggests that just a small quota of Mediterranean silver males successfully reaches the Sargasso area, and only females from the westernmost and central parts of the basin could be able to fruitfully pond their eggs during the supposed spawning period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Capoccioni
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura - Centro di ricerca per la produzione delle carni e il miglioramento genetico (CRA-PCM), Via Salaria 31, 00016 Monterotondo Scalo (RM), Italy
| | - Corrado Costa
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura - Unità di ricerca per l'ingegneria agraria (CRA-ING), Via della Pascolare 16, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo (RM), Italy
| | - Emiliano Canali
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale - Dip. Difesa della Natura (ISPRA), Via Brancati 60, 00148 Rome, Italy
| | - Jacopo Aguzzi
- Jacopo Aguzzi. Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Antonucci
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura - Unità di ricerca per l'ingegneria agraria (CRA-ING), Via della Pascolare 16, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo (RM), Italy
| | - Sergio Ragonese
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (IAMC-CNR), Via L. Vaccara 61, 91026 Mazara (TP), Italy
| | - Marco L. Bianchini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (IAMC-CNR), Via L. Vaccara 61, 91026 Mazara (TP), Italy
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77
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Ahmed Q, Yousuf F, Sarfraz M, Mohammad Ali Q, Balkhour M, Safi SZ, Ashraf MA. Euthynnus affinis(little tuna): fishery, bionomics, seasonal elemental variations, health risk assessment and conservational management. FRONTIERS IN LIFE SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2014.961617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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78
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Madigan DJ, Baumann Z, Carlisle AB, Hoen DK, Popp BN, Dewar H, Snodgrass OE, Block BA, Fisher NS. Reconstructing transoceanic migration patterns of Pacific bluefin tuna using a chemical tracer toolbox. Ecology 2014; 95:1674-83. [PMID: 25039231 DOI: 10.1890/13-1467.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Large pelagic predators play important roles in oceanic ecosystems, and may migrate vast distances to utilize resources in different marine ecoregions. Understanding movement patterns of migratory marine animals is critical for effective management, but often challenging, due to the cryptic habitat of pelagic migrators and the difficulty of assessing past movements. Chemical tracers can partially circumvent these challenges by reconstructing recent migration patterns. Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis; PBFT) inhabit the western and eastern Pacific Ocean, and are in steep decline due to overfishing. Understanding age-specific eastward transpacific migration patterns can improve management practices, but these migratory dynamics remain largely unquantified. Here, we combine a Fukushima-derived radiotracer (134Cs) with bulk tissue and amino acid stable isotope analyses of PBFT to distinguish recent migrants from residents of the eastern Pacific Ocean. The proportion of recent migrants to residents decreased in older year classes, though the proportion of older PBFT that recently migrated across the Pacific was greater than previous estimates. This novel toolbox of biogeochemical tracers can be applied to any species that crosses the North Pacific Ocean.
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79
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Bidder O, Arandjelović O, Almutairi F, Shepard E, Lambertucci S, Qasem L, Wilson R. A risky business or a safe BET? A Fuzzy Set Event Tree for estimating hazard in biotelemetry studies. Anim Behav 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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80
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Knapp JM, Aranda G, Medina A, Lutcavage M. Comparative assessment of the reproductive status of female Atlantic bluefin tuna from the Gulf of Mexico and the Mediterranean Sea. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98233. [PMID: 24911973 PMCID: PMC4049594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite attention focused on the population status and rebuilding trajectory of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus), the reproduction and spawning biology remains poorly understood, especially in the NW Atlantic. At present, the eastern and western spawning populations are believed to exhibit different reproductive characteristics and, consequently, stock productivity. However, our study suggests that the two spawning populations, the Gulf of Mexico and the Mediterranean Sea, could show similar reproductive features and spawning strategies. Between 2007 and 2009, gonad samples from female Atlantic bluefin tuna were collected in the northern Gulf of Mexico (n = 147) and in the western Mediterranean Sea (n = 40). The histological and stereological analysis confirmed that sampled eastern and western bluefin tuna exhibit the same spawning duration (three months) but the spawning in the Gulf of Mexico begins one month earlier than in the Mediterranean Sea. Western bluefin tuna caught in the peak of the spawning season (May) showed a similar spawning frequency (60%) to the spawning peak observed in the Mediterranean Sea (June). Fecundity for the Gulf of Mexico fish () was lower but not significantly different than for fish sampled in the Mediterranean Sea (). Our study represents the first comparative histological analysis of the eastern and western spawning stocks whose findings, combined with new determinations of size/age at maturity and possible alternative spawning areas, might suggest basic life history attributes warrant further scientific and management attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Knapp
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States of America; Large Pelagics Research Center, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Gloucester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Guillermo Aranda
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI-MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Antonio Medina
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI-MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Molly Lutcavage
- Large Pelagics Research Center, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Gloucester, Massachusetts, United States of America
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81
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Pütz K, Trathan PN, Pedrana J, Collins MA, Poncet S, Lüthi B. Post-fledging dispersal of king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) from two breeding sites in the South Atlantic. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97164. [PMID: 24828545 PMCID: PMC4020799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Most studies concerning the foraging ecology of marine vertebrates are limited to breeding adults, although other life history stages might comprise half the total population. For penguins, little is known about juvenile dispersal, a period when individuals may be susceptible to increased mortality given their naïve foraging behaviour. Therefore, we used satellite telemetry to study king penguin fledglings (n = 18) from two sites in the Southwest Atlantic in December 2007. The two sites differed with respect to climate and proximity to the Antarctic Polar Front (APF), a key oceanographic feature generally thought to be important for king penguin foraging success. Accordingly, birds from both sites foraged predominantly in the vicinity of the APF. Eight king penguins were tracked for periods greater than 120 days; seven of these (three from the Falkland Islands and four from South Georgia) migrated into the Pacific. Only one bird from the Falkland Islands moved into the Indian Ocean, visiting the northern limit of the winter pack-ice. Three others from the Falkland Islands migrated to the eastern coast of Tierra del Fuego before travelling south. Derived tracking parameters describing their migratory behaviour showed no significant differences between sites. Nevertheless, generalized linear habitat modelling revealed that juveniles from the Falkland Islands spent more time in comparatively shallow waters with low sea surface temperature, sea surface height and chlorophyll variability. Birds from South Georgia spent more time in deeper waters with low sea surface temperature and sea surface height, but high concentrations of chlorophyll. Our results indicate that inexperienced king penguins, irrespective of the location of their natal site in relation to the position of the APF, develop their foraging skills progressively over time, including specific adaptations to the environment around their prospective breeding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klemens Pütz
- Antarctic Research Trust, Bremervörde, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Phil N. Trathan
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Julieta Pedrana
- Recursos Naturales y Gestión Ambiental, CONICET - INTA, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Martin A. Collins
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Government of South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands, Stanley FIQQ 1ZZ, Falkland Islands, South Atlantic
| | - Sally Poncet
- Antarctic Research Trust, Stanley, Falkland Islands, South Atlantic
- South Georgia Surveys, Stanley, Falkland Islands, South Atlantic
| | - Benno Lüthi
- Antarctic Research Trust (Switzerland), Forch, Switzerland
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82
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Mashoof S, Pohlenz C, Chen PL, Deiss TC, Gatlin D, Buentello A, Criscitiello MF. Expressed IgH μ and τ transcripts share diversity segment in ranched Thunnus orientalis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 43:76-86. [PMID: 24231183 PMCID: PMC7039072 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
It is now appreciated that in addition to the immunoglobulin (Ig)M and D isotypes fish also make the mucosal IgT. In this study we sequenced the full length of Ig τ as well as μ in the commercially important Thunnus orientalis (Pacific bluefin tuna), the first molecular analysis of these two Ig isotypes in a member of the order Perciformes. Tuna IgM and IgT are each composed of four constant (CH) domains. We cloned and sequenced 48 different variable (VH) domain gene rearrangements of tuna immunoglobulins and grouped the VH gene sequences to four VH gene segment families based on 70% nucleotide identity. Three VH gene families were used by both IgM and IgT but one group was only found to be used by IgM. Most interestingly, both μ and τ clones appear to use the same diversity (DH) segment, unlike what has been described in other species, although they have dedicated IgT and IgM joining (JH) gene segments. We complemented this repertoire study with phylogenetic and tissue expression analysis. In addition to supporting the development of humoral vaccines in this important aquaculture species, these data suggest that the DH-JH recombination rather than the VH-DH recombination may be instructive for IgT versus IgM/D bearing lymphocyte lineages in some fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mashoof
- Comparative Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Camilo Pohlenz
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Patricia L Chen
- Comparative Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Thaddeus C Deiss
- Comparative Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Delbert Gatlin
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Alejandro Buentello
- Schillinger Genetics, 4401 Westown Parkway Suite 225, West Des Moines, IA 50266, USA.
| | - Michael F Criscitiello
- Comparative Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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83
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Friedlander AM, Stamoulis KA, Kittinger JN, Drazen JC, Tissot BN. Understanding the scale of Marine protection in Hawai'i: from community-based management to the remote Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2014; 69:153-203. [PMID: 25358300 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800214-8.00005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ancient Hawaiians developed a sophisticated natural resource management system that included various forms of spatial management. Today there exists in Hawai'i a variety of spatial marine management strategies along a range of scales, with varying degrees of effectiveness. State-managed no-take areas make up less than 0.4% of nearshore waters, resulting in limited ecological and social benefits. There is increasing interest among communities and coastal stakeholders in integrating aspects of customary Hawaiian knowledge into contemporary co-management. A network of no-take reserves for aquarium fish on Hawai'i Island is a stakeholder-driven, adaptive management strategy that has been successful in achieving ecological objectives and economic benefits. A network of large-scale no-take areas for deepwater (100-400m) bottomfishes suffered from a lack of adequate data during their initiation; however, better technology, more ecological data, and stakeholder input have resulted in improvements and the ecological benefits are becoming clear. Finally, the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument (PMNM) is currently the single largest conservation area in the United States, and one of the largest in the world. It is considered an unqualified success and is managed under a new model of collaborative governance. These case studies allow an examination of the effects of scale on spatial marine management in Hawai'i and beyond that illustrate the advantages and shortcomings of different management strategies. Ultimately a marine spatial planning framework should be applied that incorporates existing marine managed areas to create a holistic, regional, multi-use zoning plan engaging stakeholders at all levels in order to maximize resilience of ecosystems and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M Friedlander
- Fisheries Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA; National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kostantinos A Stamoulis
- Fisheries Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - John N Kittinger
- Conservation International, Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science and Oceans, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Drazen
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Brian N Tissot
- Marine Laboratory, Humboldt State University, Trinidad, CA, USA
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84
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Carlson AE, Hoffmayer ER, Tribuzio CA, Sulikowski JA. The use of satellite tags to redefine movement patterns of spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) along the U.S. east coast: implications for fisheries management. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103384. [PMID: 25068584 PMCID: PMC4113362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) are assumed to be a highly migratory species, making habitual north-south migrations throughout their northwestern Atlantic United States (U.S.) range. Also assumed to be a benthic species, spiny dogfish stock structure is estimated through Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC) bottom-trawl surveys. Recent anomalies in population trends, including a recent four-fold increase in estimated spawning stock biomass, suggest alternative movement patterns could exist for this shark species. To obtain a better understanding of the horizontal and vertical movement dynamics of this species, Microwave Telemetry pop-up satellite archival X-Tags were attached to forty adult spiny dogfish at the northern (Gulf of Maine) and southern (North Carolina) extents of their core U.S. geographic range. Reconstructed geolocation tracks ranging in lengths from two to 12 months suggest that the seasonal migration patterns appear to be local in nature to each respective northern and southern deployment site, differing from previously published migration paradigms. Differences in distance and direction traveled between seasonal geolocations possibly indicate separate migratory patterns between groups. Kernel utilization distribution models also suggest strong separate core home ranges. Significant differences in seasonal temperature and depths between the two regions further substantiate the possibility of separate regional movement patterns between the two groups. Vertical utilization also suggests distinct diel patterns and that this species may not utilize the benthos as previously thought, potentially decreasing availability to benthic gear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. Carlson
- Marine Science Center, University of New England, Biddeford, Maine, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Eric R. Hoffmayer
- National Marine Fisheries Service Mississippi Laboratories, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Pascagoula, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Cindy A. Tribuzio
- National Marine Fisheries Service Auke Bay Laboratories, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Juneau, Alaska, United States of America
| | - James A. Sulikowski
- Marine Science Center, University of New England, Biddeford, Maine, United States of America
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85
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Hoving HJT, Perez JAA, Bolstad KSR, Braid HE, Evans AB, Fuchs D, Judkins H, Kelly JT, Marian JEAR, Nakajima R, Piatkowski U, Reid A, Vecchione M, Xavier JCC. The study of deep-sea cephalopods. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2014; 67:235-359. [PMID: 24880796 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800287-2.00003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
"Deep-sea" cephalopods are here defined as cephalopods that spend a significant part of their life cycles outside the euphotic zone. In this chapter, the state of knowledge in several aspects of deep-sea cephalopod research are summarized, including information sources for these animals, diversity and general biogeography and life cycles, including reproduction. Recommendations are made for addressing some of the remaining knowledge deficiencies using a variety of traditional and more recently developed methods. The types of oceanic gear that are suitable for collecting cephalopod specimens and images are reviewed. Many groups of deep-sea cephalopods require taxonomic reviews, ideally based on both morphological and molecular characters. Museum collections play a vital role in these revisions, and novel (molecular) techniques may facilitate new use of old museum specimens. Fundamental life-cycle parameters remain unknown for many species; techniques developed for neritic species that could potentially be applied to deep-sea cephalopods are discussed. Reproductive tactics and strategies in deep-sea cephalopods are very diverse and call for comparative evolutionary and experimental studies, but even in the twenty-first century, mature individuals are still unknown for many species. New insights into diet and trophic position have begun to reveal a more diverse range of feeding strategies than the typically voracious predatory lifestyle known for many cephalopods. Regular standardized deep-sea cephalopod surveys are necessary to provide insight into temporal changes in oceanic cephalopod populations and to forecast, verify and monitor the impacts of global marine changes and human impacts on these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose Angel A Perez
- Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas da Terra e do Mar Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Kathrin S R Bolstad
- Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Heather E Braid
- Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Aaron B Evans
- Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dirk Fuchs
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Geological Sciences, Branch Paleontology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heather Judkins
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Florida St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
| | - Jesse T Kelly
- Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - José E A R Marian
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ryuta Nakajima
- Department of Art and Design, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Uwe Piatkowski
- GEOMAR, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Amanda Reid
- Australian Museum Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Vecchione
- NMFS National Systematics Laboratory, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | - José C C Xavier
- Institute of Marine Research, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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86
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Battaglia P, Pedà C, Sinopoli M, Romeo T, Andaloro F. Cephalopods in the diet of young-of-the-year bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnusL. 1758, Pisces: Scombridae) from the southern Tyrrhenian Sea (central Mediterranean Sea). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/11250003.2013.837105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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87
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Takagi T, Tamura Y, Weihs D. Hydrodynamics and energy-saving swimming techniques of Pacific bluefin tuna. J Theor Biol 2013; 336:158-72. [PMID: 23907027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Weihs theoretically revealed that during the movement of fish with negative buoyancy, more kinetic energy is saved in the glide and upward (GAU) swimming mode than in the continuous horizontal swimming mode. Because kinetic energy saving depends on dynamic parameters such as the drag and lift of the body, the effects of variations in these parameters on energy saving for different species remain unknown. Here, the kinetic energy saving of Pacific bluefin tuna (PBT), Thunnus orientalis, exhibiting the GAU swimming mode was investigated. The dynamic properties of PBT were estimated by carrying out CFD analysis. The CFD model was produced by using a three-dimensional laser surface profiler, and the model was controlled such that it exhibited swimming motion similar to that of a live PBT swimming in a flume tank. The drag generated by tail beating, which significantly affects the kinetic energy during motion, was twice that generated in the glide mode. The faster the upward swimming speed, the lesser is the kinetic energy saving; therefore, when the upward swimming speed is more than twice the glide speed, there is no gain in the GAU mode. However, when SMR (Standard Metabolic Rate) is considered, if the energy based on SMR is assumed to be 30% of the total energy spent during motion, the most efficient upward swimming speed is 1.4 times the glide speed. The GAU swimming mode of PBT leads to energy saving during motion, and the upward swimming speed and the lift force produced by the pectoral fins for the most efficient drive are unique for different species of different sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Takagi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki-Daigaku University, Nara 631 8505, Japan.
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88
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Whitlock RE, Walli A, Cermeño P, Rodriguez LE, Farwell C, Block BA. Quantifying energy intake in Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) using the heat increment of feeding. J Exp Biol 2013; 216:4109-23. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.084335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Using implanted archival tags, we examined the effects of meal caloric value, food type (sardine or squid) and ambient temperature on the magnitude and duration of the heat increment of feeding in three captive juvenile Pacific bluefin tuna. The objective of our study was to develop a model that can be used to estimate energy intake in wild fish of similar body mass. Both the magnitude and duration of the heat increment of feeding (measured by visceral warming) showed a strong positive correlation with the caloric value of the ingested meal. Controlling for meal caloric value, the extent of visceral warming was significantly greater at lower ambient temperature. The extent of visceral warming was also significantly higher for squid meals compared with sardine meals. By using a hierarchical Bayesian model to analyze our data and treating individuals as random effects, we demonstrate how increases in visceral temperature can be used to estimate the energy intake of wild Pacific bluefin tuna of similar body mass to the individuals used in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. E. Whitlock
- Tuna Research and Conservation Center, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, Oceanview Boulevard, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
- Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 3, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - A. Walli
- Tuna Research and Conservation Center, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, Oceanview Boulevard, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
| | - P. Cermeño
- Tuna Research and Conservation Center, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, Oceanview Boulevard, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
- WWF Mediterranean Programme Office, C/Canuda 37, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L. E. Rodriguez
- Tuna Research and Conservation Center, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, Oceanview Boulevard, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
| | - C. Farwell
- Tuna Research and Conservation Center, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, Oceanview Boulevard, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
- Monterey Bay Aquarium, 886 Cannery Row, Monterey Bay, CA 93940, USA
| | - B. A. Block
- Tuna Research and Conservation Center, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, Oceanview Boulevard, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
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89
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Aranda G, Abascal FJ, Varela JL, Medina A. Spawning behaviour and post-spawning migration patterns of atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) ascertained from satellite archival tags. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76445. [PMID: 24098502 PMCID: PMC3788109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spawning behaviour of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) was investigated using electronic satellite tags deployed in the western Mediterranean spawning ground, around the Balearic Islands (years 2009-2011). All the fish were tagged underwater and released within schools. In general, the fish tagged in the same year/school displayed common migratory trends. Following extended residency around the Balearic Islands, most tagged tuna crossed the Strait of Gibraltar heading for the North Atlantic. Discrepancies between the migratory tracks reconstructed from this and previous electronic tagging studies suggest that the bluefin tuna Mediterranean population may comprise distinct units exhibiting differing migratory behaviours. The diving behaviour varied between oceanic regions throughout the migratory pathways, the shallowest distribution taking place in the spawning ground and the deepest at the Strait of Gibraltar. A unique diving pattern was found on the majority of nights while the fish stayed at the spawning ground; it consisted of frequent and brief oscillatory movements up and down through the mixed layer, resulting in thermal profiles characterized by oscillations about the thermocline. Such a pattern is believed to reflect recent courtship and spawning activity. Reproductive parameters inferred from the analysis of vertical profiles are consistent with those estimated in previous studies based on biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Aranda
- Departmento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Abascal
- Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - José Luis Varela
- Departmento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Antonio Medina
- Departmento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
- * E-mail:
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90
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Gordoa A, Acuña JL, Farrés R, Bacher K. Burst feeding of Pelagia noctiluca ephyrae on Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) eggs. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74721. [PMID: 24069335 PMCID: PMC3777989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the predation of P. noctiluca ephyrae on Atlantic Bluefin tuna (ABFT) eggs under different experimental conditions. The specific factors considered in the experimental design were: a) water mix conditions to explore predation under two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) prey distributions, b) prey density to investigate the ingestion rate capacity, and c) incubation time to inspect gut saturation. The eggs and jellyfish ephyrae were collected during the 2012 ABFT spawning survey off Ibiza (Balearic Isl., Western Mediterranean). The results showed that the proportion of feeding ephyrae increased with size. The mean clearance rate of feeding ephyrae, 4.14 L h-1, was the highest ever recorded for ephyrae. Under calm conditions the eggs floated at the surface (2D spatial arrangement) and the clearance rates, at low prey densities, were at least twice those under mixed conditions (3D spatial arrangement). At high prey density, clearance rate did not differ between mix conditions, probably due to the fast gut saturation, which was reached in c.a. 15 min, as revealed by time series observations of gut contents. The fast saturation of ephyrae and their slow digestion time of approximately 18 h suggest the existence of a diel feeding periodicity. We conclude that in the Western Mediterranean, P. noctiluca ephyrae are capable of predating on ABFT eggs, a highly pulsed and spatially restricted resource that potentially switches from a 3D to a 2D configuration in the absence of wind-generated turbulence. The P. noctiluca and Atlantic Bluefin tuna egg system might represent an example of a general mechanism linking pelagic and neustonic food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gordoa
- Department of Marine Ecology, Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Blanes, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Blanes, Gerona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - José Luis Acuña
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Roser Farrés
- Department of Marine Ecology, Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Blanes, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Blanes, Gerona, Spain
| | - Kathrin Bacher
- Department of Marine Ecology, Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Blanes, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Blanes, Gerona, Spain
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91
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Changes in the distribution of atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) in the Gulf of Maine 1979-2005. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75480. [PMID: 24069420 PMCID: PMC3777933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gulf of Maine, NW Atlantic Ocean, is a productive, seasonal foraging ground for Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus), but commercial landings of adult size classes were up to 40% below the allocated total allowable catch between 2004 to 2008 for the rod and reel, harpoon, and purse seine categories in the Gulf of Maine. Reduction in Atlantic bluefin tuna catches in the Gulf of Maine could represent a decline in spawning stock biomass, but given wide-ranging, complex migration patterns, and high energetic requirements, an alternative hypothesis is that their dispersal patterns shifted to regions with higher prey abundance or profitability, reducing availability to U.S. fishing fleets. This study fit generalized linear models to Atlantic bluefin tuna landings data collected from fishermen's logbooks (1979-2005) as well as the distances between bluefin tuna schools and Atlantic herring (Clupeaharengus), a primary prey species, to test alternative hypotheses for observed shifts in Atlantic bluefin tuna availability in the Gulf of Maine. For the bluefin model, landings varied by day of year, latitude and longitude. The effect of latitude differed by day of year and the effect of longitude differed by year. The distances between Atlantic bluefin tuna schools and Atlantic herring schools were significantly smaller (p<0.05) than would be expected from a randomly distributed population. A time series of average bluefin tuna school positions was positively correlated with the average number of herring captured per tow on Georges Bank in spring and autumn surveys respectively (p<0.01, r(2)=0.24, p<0.01, r(2)=0.42). Fishermen's logbooks contributed novel spatial and temporal information towards testing these hypotheses for the bluefin tuna fishery.
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92
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Cha Y, Verotti M, Walcott H, Peterson SD, Porfiri M. Energy harvesting from the tail beating of a carangiform swimmer using ionic polymer-metal composites. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2013; 8:036003. [PMID: 23793023 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3182/8/3/036003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we study energy harvesting from the beating of a biomimetic fish tail using ionic polymer-metal composites. The design of the biomimetic tail is based on carangiform swimmers and is specifically inspired by the morphology of the heterocercal tail of thresher sharks. The tail is constituted of a soft silicone matrix molded in the form of the heterocercal tail and reinforced by a steel beam of rectangular cross section. We propose a modeling framework for the underwater vibration of the biomimetic tail, wherein the tail is assimilated to a cantilever beam with rectangular cross section and heterogeneous physical properties. We focus on base excitation in the form of a superimposed rotation about a fixed axis and we consider the regime of moderately large-amplitude vibrations. In this context, the effect of the encompassing fluid is described through a hydrodynamic function, which accounts for inertial, viscous and convective phenomena. The model is validated through experiments in which the base excitation is systematically varied and the motion of selected points on the biomimetic tail tracked in time. The feasibility of harvesting energy from an ionic polymer-metal composite attached to the vibrating structure is experimentally and theoretically assessed. The response of the transducer is described using a black-box model, where the voltage output is controlled by the rate of change of the mean curvature. Experiments are performed to elucidate the impact of the shunting resistance, the frequency of the base excitation and the placement of the ionic polymer-metal composite on energy harvesting from the considered biomimetic tail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsu Cha
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of New York University, Six MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
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93
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94
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Evolutionary changes of multiple visual pigment genes in the complete genome of Pacific bluefin tuna. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:11061-6. [PMID: 23781100 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1302051110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tunas are migratory fishes in offshore habitats and top predators with unique features. Despite their ecological importance and high market values, the open-ocean lifestyle of tuna, in which effective sensing systems such as color vision are required for capture of prey, has been poorly understood. To elucidate the genetic and evolutionary basis of optic adaptation of tuna, we determined the genome sequence of the Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis), using next-generation sequencing technology. A total of 26,433 protein-coding genes were predicted from 16,802 assembled scaffolds. From these, we identified five common fish visual pigment genes: red-sensitive (middle/long-wavelength sensitive; M/LWS), UV-sensitive (short-wavelength sensitive 1; SWS1), blue-sensitive (SWS2), rhodopsin (RH1), and green-sensitive (RH2) opsin genes. Sequence comparison revealed that tuna's RH1 gene has an amino acid substitution that causes a short-wave shift in the absorption spectrum (i.e., blue shift). Pacific bluefin tuna has at least five RH2 paralogs, the most among studied fishes; four of the proteins encoded may be tuned to blue light at the amino acid level. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis suggested that gene conversions have occurred in each of the SWS2 and RH2 loci in a short period. Thus, Pacific bluefin tuna has undergone evolutionary changes in three genes (RH1, RH2, and SWS2), which may have contributed to detecting blue-green contrast and measuring the distance to prey in the blue-pelagic ocean. These findings provide basic information on behavioral traits of predatory fish and, thereby, could help to improve the technology to culture such fish in captivity for resource management.
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95
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Augé AA, Chilvers BL, Moore AB, Davis LS. Importance of studying foraging site fidelity for spatial conservation measures in a mobile predator. Anim Conserv 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Augé
- Zoology Department; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
- School of Surveying; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - B. L. Chilvers
- Aquatic and Threats Unit; Department of Conservation; Wellington New Zealand
| | - A. B. Moore
- School of Surveying; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - L. S. Davis
- Zoology Department; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
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96
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Albaina A, Iriondo M, Velado I, Laconcha U, Zarraonaindia I, Arrizabalaga H, Pardo MA, Lutcavage M, Grant WS, Estonba A. Single nucleotide polymorphism discovery in albacore and Atlantic bluefin tuna provides insights into worldwide population structure. Anim Genet 2013; 44:678-92. [PMID: 23668670 DOI: 10.1111/age.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The optimal management of the commercially important, but mostly over-exploited, pelagic tunas, albacore (Thunnus alalunga Bonn., 1788) and Atlantic bluefin tuna (BFT; Thunnus thynnus L., 1758), requires a better understanding of population structure than has been provided by previous molecular methods. Despite numerous studies of both species, their population structures remain controversial. This study reports the development of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in albacore and BFT and the application of these SNPs to survey genetic variability across the geographic ranges of these tunas. A total of 616 SNPs were discovered in 35 albacore tuna by comparing sequences of 54 nuclear DNA fragments. A panel of 53 SNPs yielded FST values ranging from 0.0 to 0.050 between samples after genotyping 460 albacore collected throughout the distribution of this species. No significant heterogeneity was detected within oceans, but between-ocean comparisons (Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans along with Mediterranean Sea) were significant. Additionally, a 17-SNP panel was developed in Atlantic BFT by cross-species amplification in 107 fish. This limited number of SNPs discriminated between samples from the two major spawning areas of Atlantic BFT (FST = 0.116). The SNP markers developed in this study can be used to genotype large numbers of fish without the need for standardizing alleles among laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Albaina
- Genetika, Antropologia Fisikoa eta Animalien Fisiologia Saila, Zientzia eta Teknologia Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 48940, Leioa, Spain
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97
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Polinski M, Bridle A, Nowak B. Temperature-induced transcription of inflammatory mediators and the influence of Hsp70 following LPS stimulation of southern bluefin tuna peripheral blood leukocytes and kidney homogenates. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 34:1147-1157. [PMID: 23439399 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is known to influence inflammatory signalling in mammals, but far less understood in fish. The aim of the present study was to explore the potential effects of temperature on innate immune signalling in head kidney and leukocyte populations of the economically important southern bluefin tuna through the identification and utilization of gene expression targets in vitro. Here, we identified the mRNA sequences of five potential inflammatory mediators - TNFα (1 and 2), IL-1β, IL-8, and Cox2 - and demonstrate induction of four - TNFα (2), IL-1β, IL-8, and Cox2 - following LPS stimulation of both peripheral blood leukocytes and head kidney homogenates in vitro by real-time quantitative PCR. Comparison of transcriptional expression in cultures held at 18 and 25 °C (both within the presumed natural temperature range of this heterothermic species) showed accelerated transcription of cytokines TNFα, IL-1β and IL-8 following LPS stimulation at 25 °C in both tissue types. Peak induction reached comparable levels for each transcript at both temperatures during the 24 h test period with only limited (if any) protraction in expression resulting from cold temperature (18 °C) incubation. Partial mRNA sequences were also identified for both the constitutively expressed and heat inducible chaperone proteins Hsc70 and Hsp70, and 24 h incubation at 25 °C was sufficient to induce Hsp70 transcription in leukocyte but not in head kidney cell populations. Taken together these findings suggest that temperature exerts influence in the timing but not the degree of an innate inflammatory response in bluefin tuna and that different cell populations have differential responsiveness to heat shock in this heterothermic species. Further, LPS stimulation failed to induce Hsp70 at either incubation temperature in leukocytes; whereas 25 °C incubation caused Hsp70 up-regulation in leukocytes with or without the presence of LPS. This suggests that Hsp70 does not play a direct role in immune responsiveness for this species and that an environmental temperature of 25 °C in excess of 24 h initiates a cellular stress response in blood cells of this organism. Lastly, a strong correlation between Hsp70 and IL-8 transcriptional expression was observed following LPS/heat shock stimulation of leukocytes and five potential heat shock response elements were subsequently identified on the gene promoter region of IL-8 indicating that heat shock co-activation of this chemokine previously identified in mammals is also likely present in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Polinski
- National Centre for Marine Conservation and Resource Sustainability, Australian Maritime College, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1370, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia.
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99
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Neuenfeldt S, Righton D, Neat F, Wright PJ, Svedäng H, Michalsen K, Subbey S, Steingrund P, Thorsteinsson V, Pampoulie C, Andersen KH, Pedersen MW, Metcalfe J. Analysing migrations of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua in the north-east Atlantic Ocean: then, now and the future. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2013; 82:741-763. [PMID: 23464542 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The application of data storage tags bears the potential for a quantum leap in the research on fish migrations, because not only first-capture and recapture positions are known, but at least theoretically, the migration path during the period at large can be reconstructed. Position, however, cannot be measured directly but has to be estimated using the available data on light, temperature, pressure and salinity. The reconstructed locations based on advanced estimation techniques have been termed geolocations. Examples are discussed which illustrate the applicability of geolocations in individual path descriptions, separation of reproductively isolated populations, timing and areas of spawning, tidal transport and use of protected areas. The examples are based on archival tag data from the North Sea, the Baltic Sea, the Barents Sea and Faroese and Icelandic Waters. Besides presenting the state-of-the-art geolocations for cod Gadus morhua in the north-east Atlantic Ocean, the major aim of this review is to raise awareness of gaps in knowledge and to identify ideas for new research.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Neuenfeldt
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kavalergården 6, DK-2920, Charlottenlund, Denmark.
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100
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Clark TD, Farwell CJ, Rodriguez LE, Brandt WT, Block BA. Heart rate responses to temperature in free-swimming Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis). J Exp Biol 2013; 216:3208-14. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.086546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Summary
The bluefin tuna heart remains at ambient water temperature (Ta) but must supply blood to warm regions of the body served by countercurrent vascular heat exchangers. Despite this unusual physiology, inherent difficulties have precluded an understanding of the cardiovascular responses to Ta in free-swimming bluefin tunas. We measured the heart rate (fH) responses of two captive Pacific bluefin tunas (Thunnus orientalis; 9.7 and 13.3 kg) over a cumulative period of 40 d. Routine fH during fasting in the holding tank at a Ta of 20°C was 45.1±8.0 and 40.7±6.5 beats min-1 for Tuna 1 and Tuna 2, respectively. fH decreased in each fish with Q10 of 2.6 (Tuna 1) and 3.1 (Tuna 2) as Ta in the tank was slowly decreased to 15°C (~0.4oC h-1), despite a gradual increase in swimming speed. The same thermal challenge during digestion revealed similar thermal dependence of fH and indicated that the rate of visceral cooling is not buffered by the heat increment of feeding. Acutely decreasing Ta from 20 to 10°C while Tuna 1 swam in a tunnel respirometer caused a progressive increase in tail beat-frequency and oxygen consumption rate (Mo2). fH of this fish decreased with Q10 of 2.7 as Ta decreased between 20 and 15°C, while further cooling to 10°C saw a general plateau in fH around 35 beats min-1 with Q10 of 1.3. A discussion of the relationships between fH, Mo2 , and haemoglobin-oxygen binding sheds further light on how bluefin cardiorespiratory systems function in a changing thermal environment.
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