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Broadgate S, Kiire C, Halford S, Chong V. Diabetic macular oedema: under-represented in the genetic analysis of diabetic retinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol 2018; 96 Suppl A111:1-51. [PMID: 29682912 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy, a complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, is a complex disease and is one of the leading causes of blindness in adults worldwide. It can be divided into distinct subclasses, one of which is diabetic macular oedema. Diabetic macular oedema can occur at any time in diabetic retinopathy and is the most common cause of vision loss in patients with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this review is to summarize the large number of genetic association studies that have been performed in cohorts of patients with type 2 diabetes and published in English-language journals up to February 2017. Many of these studies have produced positive associations with gene polymorphisms and diabetic retinopathy. However, this review highlights that within this large body of work, studies specifically addressing a genetic association with diabetic macular oedema, although present, are vastly under-represented. We also highlight that many of the studies have small patient numbers and that meta-analyses often inappropriately combine patient data sets. We conclude that there will continue to be conflicting results and no meaningful findings will be achieved if the historical approach of combining all diabetic retinopathy disease states within patient cohorts continues in future studies. This review also identifies several genes that would be interesting to analyse in large, well-defined cohorts of patients with diabetic macular oedema in future candidate gene association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Broadgate
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - Christine Kiire
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
- Oxford Eye Hospital; John Radcliffe Hospital; Oxford University NHS Foundation Trust; Oxford UK
| | - Stephanie Halford
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - Victor Chong
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
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Guo X, Ni J, Dai X, Zhou T, Yang G, Xue J, Wang X. Biphasic regulation of spindle assembly checkpoint by low and high concentrations of resveratrol leads to the opposite effect on chromosomal instability. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 825:19-30. [PMID: 29307372 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) is a naturally occurring polyphenolic phytoalexin possessing numerous health-promoting effects. Chromosomal instability (CIN), usually results from defective spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), is a major contributor to many diseases. While it's recently recognized that RSV exhibits a nonlinear dose response for disease prevention, whether it's the case for its role in CIN remains unknown. Here, we investigated the potential of a broad range of RSV concentrations (0.01-100μM) on CIN and the underlying mechanisms in human normal colon epithelial NCM460 cells. CIN was measured by cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay; mitotic fidelity was determined by aberrant mitosis analysis; SAC activity was assessed by nocodazole-challenge assay, and the expression of SAC genes was examined by RT-qPCR. We found that 0.1μM RSV significantly reduced CIN (P<0.01), while 100μM RSV significantly induced it (P<0.05). Mitotic infidelity was significantly prevented by 0.1μM RSV but promoted by 100μM RSV (P<0.05 for both). Moreover, the function of SAC was sustained and impaired by 0.1μM and 100μM RSV, respectively. Several SAC genes, including Aurora-B, Aurora-C, Plk-1 and CENP-E, were significantly up-regulated and down-regulated by 0.1μM and 100μM RSV, respectively (P<0.05). In conclusion, RSV exhibited a biphasic dose-dependent effect on CIN that was exerted via the regulation of mitotic fidelity through the SAC network. The health implications of these findings were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihan Guo
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China; School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Juan Ni
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Xueqin Dai
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Guofang Yang
- China Gene Health Management Group, Ltd., Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jinglun Xue
- China Gene Health Management Group, Ltd., Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China; School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China.
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He L, Sneider A, Chen W, Karl M, Prasath V, Wu PH, Mattson G, Wirtz D. Mammalian Cell Division in 3D Matrices via Quantitative Confocal Reflection Microscopy. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29286363 DOI: 10.3791/56364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of how mammalian cell division is regulated in a 3D environment remains largely unexplored despite its physiological relevance and therapeutic significance. Possible reasons for the lack of exploration are the experimental limitations and technical challenges that render the study of cell division in 3D culture inefficient. Here, we describe an imaging-based method to efficiently study mammalian cell division and cell-matrix interactions in 3D collagen matrices. Cells labeled with fluorescent H2B are synchronized using the combination of thymidine blocking and nocodazole treatment, followed by a mechanical shake-off technique. Synchronized cells are then embedded into a 3D collagen matrix. Cell division is monitored using live-cell microscopy. The deformation of collagen fibers during and after cell division, which is an indicator of cell-matrix interaction, can be monitored and quantified using quantitative confocal reflection microscopy. The method provides an efficient and general approach to study mammalian cell division and cell-matrix interactions in a physiologically relevant 3D environment. This approach not only provides novel insights into the molecular basis of the development of normal tissue and diseases, but also allows for the design of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan He
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences - Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Alexandra Sneider
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Weitong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Michelle Karl
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Vishnu Prasath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Pei-Hsun Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences - Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Gunnar Mattson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Denis Wirtz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences - Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University; Departments of Oncology and Pathology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine;
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Serebryannyy L, Misteli T. Protein sequestration at the nuclear periphery as a potential regulatory mechanism in premature aging. J Cell Biol 2017; 217:21-37. [PMID: 29051264 PMCID: PMC5748986 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201706061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Serebryannyy and Misteli provide a perspective on how protein sequestration at the inner nuclear membrane and nuclear lamina might influence aging. Despite the extensive description of numerous molecular changes associated with aging, insights into the driver mechanisms of this fundamental biological process are limited. Based on observations in the premature aging syndrome Hutchinson–Gilford progeria, we explore the possibility that protein regulation at the inner nuclear membrane and the nuclear lamina contributes to the aging process. In support, sequestration of nucleoplasmic proteins to the periphery impacts cell stemness, the response to cytotoxicity, proliferation, changes in chromatin state, and telomere stability. These observations point to the nuclear periphery as a central regulator of the aging phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom Misteli
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Han JH, Cai XJ, Sun HJ, Dong GH, He B, Zhang HX, Zhou X, Yan JQ. Identifying dysregulated pathways in postmenopausal osteoporosis through investigation of crosstalk between pathways. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9029-9034. [PMID: 28990094 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify potential dysregulated pathways to further reveal the molecular mechanisms of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) based on pathway‑interaction network (PIN) analysis, which considers crosstalk between pathways. Protein‑protein interaction (PPI) data and pathway information were derived from STRING and Reactome Pathway databases, respectively. According to the gene expression profiles, pathway data and PPI information, a PIN was constructed with each node representing a biological pathway. Principal component analysis was used to compute the pathway activity for each pathway, and the seed pathway was selected. Subsequently, dysregulated pathways were extracted from the PIN based on the seed pathway and the increased classification accuracy, which was measured using the area under the curve (AUC) index according to 5‑fold cross validation. A PIN comprising 2,725 interactions was constructed, which was used to detect dysregulated pathways. Notably, the 'mitotic prometaphase' pathway was selected and defined as a seed pathway. Starting with the seed pathway, network‑based analysis successfully identified one pathway set for PMOP comprising eight dysregulated pathways (such as mitotic prometaphase, resolution of sister chromatid cohesion, mRNA splicing and mRNA splicing‑major) with an AUC score of 0.85, which may provide potential biomarkers for targeted therapy for PMOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Zunyi First People's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou 563002, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jun Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Zunyi First People's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou 563002, P.R. China
| | - Hou-Jie Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Zunyi First People's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou 563002, P.R. China
| | - Ge-Hui Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Zunyi First People's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou 563002, P.R. China
| | - Bin He
- Department of Orthopedics, Zunyi First People's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou 563002, P.R. China
| | - Han-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zunyi First People's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou 563002, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Zunyi First People's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou 563002, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Qiang Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Zunyi First People's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou 563002, P.R. China
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Taniguchi N, Kawakami Y, Maruyama I, Lotz M. HMGB proteins and arthritis. Hum Cell 2017; 31:1-9. [PMID: 28916968 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-017-0182-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The high-mobility group box (HMGB) family includes four members: HMGB1, 2, 3 and 4. HMGB proteins have two functions. In the nucleus, HMGB proteins bind to DNA in a DNA structure-dependent but nucleotide sequence-independent manner to function in chromatin remodeling. Extracellularly, HMGB proteins function as alarmins, which are endogenous molecules released upon tissue damage to activate the immune system. HMGB1 acts as a late mediator of inflammation and contributes to prolonged and sustained systemic inflammation in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis. By contrast, Hmgb2 -/- mice represent a relevant model of aging-related osteoarthritis (OA), which is associated with the suppression of HMGB2 expression in cartilage. Hmgb2 mutant mice not only develop early-onset OA but also exhibit a specific phenotype in the superficial zone (SZ) of articular cartilage. Given the similar expression and activation patterns of HMGB2 and β-catenin in articular cartilage, the loss of these pathways in the SZ of articular cartilage may lead to altered gene expression, cell death and OA-like pathogenesis. Moreover, HMGB2 regulates chondrocyte hypertrophy by mediating Runt-related transcription factor 2 expression and Wnt signaling. Therefore, one possible mechanism explaining the modulation of lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (LEF1)-dependent transactivation by HMGB2 is that a differential interaction between HMGB2 and nuclear factors affects the transcription of genes containing LEF1-responsive elements. The multiple functions of HMGB proteins reveal the complex roles of these proteins as innate and endogenous regulators of inflammation in joints and their cooperative roles in cartilage hypertrophy as well as in the maintenance of joint tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Taniguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan.
- Department of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiko Kawakami
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, and Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St. SE, 6-160 Jackson Hall, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Ikuro Maruyama
- Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Martin Lotz
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, MEM 161, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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Mitotic Dysfunction Associated with Aging Hallmarks. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1002:153-188. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57127-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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58
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Tariq Z, Zhang H, Chia-Liu A, Shen Y, Gete Y, Xiong ZM, Tocheny C, Campanello L, Wu D, Losert W, Cao K. Lamin A and microtubules collaborate to maintain nuclear morphology. Nucleus 2017; 8:433-446. [PMID: 28557611 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2017.1320460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamin A (LA) is a critical structural component of the nuclear lamina. Mutations within the LA gene (LMNA) lead to several human disorders, most striking of which is Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS), a premature aging disorder. HGPS cells are best characterized by an abnormal nuclear morphology known as nuclear blebbing, which arises due to the accumulation of progerin, a dominant mutant form of LA. The microtubule (MT) network is known to mediate changes in nuclear morphology in the context of specific events such as mitosis, cell polarization, nucleus positioning and cellular migration. What is less understood is the role of the microtubule network in determining nuclear morphology during interphase. In this study, we elucidate the role of the cytoskeleton in regulation and misregulation of nuclear morphology through perturbations of both the lamina and the microtubule network. We found that LA knockout cells exhibit a crescent shape morphology associated with the microtubule-organizing center. Furthermore, this crescent shape ameliorates upon treatment with MT drugs, Nocodazole or Taxol. Expression of progerin, in LA knockout cells also rescues the crescent shape, although the response to Nocodazole or Taxol treatment is altered in comparison to cells expressing LA. Together these results describe a collaborative effort between LA and the MT network to maintain nuclear morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeshan Tariq
- a Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA
| | - Haoyue Zhang
- a Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA
| | - Alexander Chia-Liu
- b Department of Physics , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA
| | - Yang Shen
- b Department of Physics , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA
| | - Yantenew Gete
- a Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA
| | - Zheng-Mei Xiong
- a Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA
| | - Claire Tocheny
- c Department of Biology , The College of William and Mary , Williamsburg , VA , USA
| | - Leonard Campanello
- b Department of Physics , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA
| | - Di Wu
- a Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA
| | - Wolfgang Losert
- b Department of Physics , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA
| | - Kan Cao
- a Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA
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Schatten H, Sun QY. Centrosome and microtubule functions and dysfunctions in meiosis: implications for age-related infertility and developmental disorders. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 27:934-43. [PMID: 25903261 DOI: 10.1071/rd14493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of oocyte aging on meiotic spindle dynamics have been well recognised, but the mechanisms underlying the effects are not well understood. In this paper we review the role of centrosomes and the microtubule cytoskeleton in meiotic spindle formation and maintenance, and the impact of oocyte aging on spindle integrity resulting in centrosome and microtubule dysfunctions that are associated with aneuploidy. Loss of spindle integrity includes dispersion of proteins from the centrosome core structure and loss of attachment of microtubules to centrosomes and kinetochores, which will result in abnormal chromosome separation. The inability of centrosomal proteins to accurately associate with the centrosome structure may be the result of destabilisation of the core structure itself or of microtubule destabilisation at the centrosome-facing microtubule areas that are acetylated in fresh oocytes but may not be acetylated in aging oocytes. Microtubule destabilisation prevents accurate motor-driven transport of centrosomal proteins along microtubules to form and maintain a functional centrosome. Other factors to form and maintain the MII spindle include signal transductions that affect microtubule dynamics and stability. Understanding the mechanisms underlying centrosome and microtubule dysfunctions during oocyte aging will allow diagnosis and analysis of oocyte quality and abnormalities as important aspects for targeted treatment of aging oocytes to extend or restore viability and developmental capacity. New therapeutic approaches will allow improvements in reproductive success rates in IVF clinics, as well as improvements in reproductive success rates in farm animals. This review is focused on: (1) centrosome and microtubule dynamics in fresh and aging oocytes; (2) regulation of centrosome and/or microtubule dynamics and function; and (3) possible treatments to extend the oocyte's reproductive capacity and viability span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heide Schatten
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, 1600 E Rollins Street, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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Guo X, Ni J, Xue J, Wang X. Extract of bulbus Fritillaria cirrhosa perturbs spindle assembly checkpoint, induces mitotic aberrations and genomic instability in human colon epithelial cell line. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 69:163-171. [PMID: 28073664 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bulbus Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don (BFC) has been used in China as a folk medicine for the treatment of cough and asthma for more than 2000 years. The antitussive and antiasthmatic effects of BFC have been reported before, nevertheless its toxicity and safety have not been documented. This study investigated the possible effects of BFC on spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), mitotic fidelity and genomic stability in human NCM460 colon epithelial cells. METHODS Cells were treated with BFC (0, 20, 40, 80 and 160μg/ml) for 24, 48 and 72h and harvested differently according to the biomarkers observed. Mitotic aberrations were assessed by the biomarkers of chromosome misalignment (CMA), chromosome lagging (CL) and chromatin bridge (CB). Frequencies of micronuclei (MN), nucleoplasmic bridge and nuclear bud (NB) in cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay were used as indicators of genomic instability (GIN). SAC activity was determined by anaphase to metaphase ratio (AMR) and the expression of several SAC genes, including CENP-E, Mps1, Bub1, Mad-1, BubR1 and Mad-2. RESULTS Compared with the control, cells in BFC treated groups (80 and 160μg/ml) showed: 1) increased AMR (p<0.05), up-regulated expression of Mps1, Bub1 and Mad-1 (p<0.05) and down-regulated expression of CENP-E, BubR1 and Mad-2 (p<0.05); 2) increased frequencies of CMA, CL and CB (p<0.01); 3) increased incidences of MN and NB (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed for the first time that BFC causes mitotic aberrations and GIN in human colon epithelial cells and these effects maybe the result of SAC dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihan Guo
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China; School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Juan Ni
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinglun Xue
- Institute of Genetics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Cooperation of erythrocytes with leukocytes in immune response of a teleost Oplegnathus fasciatus. Genes Genomics 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-016-0437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ma H, Dai H, Duan X, Tang Z, Liu R, Sun K, Zhou K, Chen H, Xiang H, Wang J, Gao Q, Zou Y, Wan H, Teh MT. Independent evaluation of a FOXM1-based quantitative malignancy diagnostic system (qMIDS) on head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Oncotarget 2016; 7:54555-54563. [PMID: 27409343 PMCID: PMC5342363 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) transcription factor gene has been implicated in almost all human cancer types. It would be an ideal biomarker for cancer detection but, to date, its translation into a cancer diagnostic tool is yet to materialise. The quantitative Malignancy Index Diagnostic System (qMIDS) was the first FOXM1 oncogene-based diagnostic test developed for quantifying squamous cell carcinoma aggressiveness. The test was originally validated using head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) from European patients. The HNSCC gene expression signature across geographical and ethnic differences is unknown. This is the first study evaluated the FOXM1-based qMIDS test using HNSCC specimens donated by ethnic Chinese patients. We tested 50 Chinese HNSCC patients and 18 healthy subjects donated 68 tissues in total. qMIDS scores from the Chinese cohort were compared with the European datasets (n = 228). The median ± SD scores for the Chinese cohort were 1.13 ± 0.66, 4.02 ± 1.66 and 5.83 ± 3.13 in healthy oral tissues, adjacent tumour margin and HNSCC core tissue, respectively. Diagnostic test efficiency between the Chinese and European datasets was almost identical. Consistent with previous European data, qMIDS scores for HNSCC samples were not influenced by gender or age. The degree of HNSCC differentiation, clinical stage and lymphatic metastasis status were found to be correlated with qMIDS scores. This study provided the first evidence that the pathophysiology of HNSCC was molecularly indistinguishable between the Chinese and European specimens. The qMIDS test robustly quantifies a universal FOXM1-driven oncogenic program, at least in HNSCC, which transcends ethnicity, age, gender and geographic origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ma
- China-British Joint Molecular Head and Neck Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital and School of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Haiyan Dai
- China-British Joint Molecular Head and Neck Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital and School of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Duan
- China-British Joint Molecular Head and Neck Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital and School of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhenglong Tang
- China-British Joint Molecular Head and Neck Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital and School of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Rui Liu
- China-British Joint Molecular Head and Neck Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital and School of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Kunjun Sun
- China-British Joint Molecular Head and Neck Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital and School of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- China-British Joint Molecular Head and Neck Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital and School of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Hao Chen
- China-British Joint Molecular Head and Neck Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital and School of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Hang Xiang
- China-British Joint Molecular Head and Neck Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital and School of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Jinsheng Wang
- China-British Joint Molecular Head and Neck Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital and School of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Qiong Gao
- China-British Joint Molecular Head and Neck Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital and School of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuan Zou
- China-British Joint Molecular Head and Neck Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital and School of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Hong Wan
- China-British Joint Molecular Head and Neck Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital and School of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Muy-Teck Teh
- China-British Joint Molecular Head and Neck Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital and School of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, England, United Kingdom
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Ritter A, Kreis NN, Louwen F, Wordeman L, Yuan J. Molecular insight into the regulation and function of MCAK. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 51:228-45. [DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2016.1178705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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64
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Xiong Z, Choi JY, Wang K, Zhang H, Tariq Z, Wu D, Ko E, LaDana C, Sesaki H, Cao K. Methylene blue alleviates nuclear and mitochondrial abnormalities in progeria. Aging Cell 2016; 15:279-90. [PMID: 26663466 PMCID: PMC4783354 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), a fatal premature aging disease, is caused by a single‐nucleotide mutation in the LMNA gene. Previous reports have focused on nuclear phenotypes in HGPS cells, yet the potential contribution of the mitochondria, a key player in normal aging, remains unclear. Using high‐resolution microscopy analysis, we demonstrated a significantly increased fraction of swollen and fragmented mitochondria and a marked reduction in mitochondrial mobility in HGPS fibroblast cells. Notably, the expression of PGC‐1α, a central regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, was inhibited by progerin. To rescue mitochondrial defects, we treated HGPS cells with a mitochondrial‐targeting antioxidant methylene blue (MB). Our analysis indicated that MB treatment not only alleviated the mitochondrial defects but also rescued the hallmark nuclear abnormalities in HGPS cells. Additional analysis suggested that MB treatment released progerin from the nuclear membrane, rescued perinuclear heterochromatin loss and corrected misregulated gene expression in HGPS cells. Together, these results demonstrate a role of mitochondrial dysfunction in developing the premature aging phenotypes in HGPS cells and suggest MB as a promising therapeutic approach for HGPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng‐Mei Xiong
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Ji Young Choi
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Haoyue Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Zeshan Tariq
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Eunae Ko
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Christina LaDana
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- Department of Cell Biology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21205 USA
| | - Kan Cao
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
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Rodríguez SA, Grochová D, McKenna T, Borate B, Trivedi NS, Erdos MR, Eriksson M. Global genome splicing analysis reveals an increased number of alternatively spliced genes with aging. Aging Cell 2016; 15:267-78. [PMID: 26685868 PMCID: PMC4783335 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is a key regulatory mechanism for the development of different tissues; however, not much is known about changes to alternative splicing during aging. Splicing events may become more frequent and widespread genome‐wide as tissues age and the splicing machinery stringency decreases. Using skin, skeletal muscle, bone, thymus, and white adipose tissue from wild‐type C57BL6/J male mice (4 and 18 months old), we examined the effect of age on splicing by AS analysis of the differential exon usage of the genome. The results identified a considerable number of AS genes in skeletal muscle, thymus, bone, and white adipose tissue between the different age groups (ranging from 27 to 246 AS genes corresponding to 0.3–3.2% of the total number of genes analyzed). For skin, skeletal muscle, and bone, we included a later age group (28 months old) that showed that the number of alternatively spliced genes increased with age in all three tissues (P < 0.01). Analysis of alternatively spliced genes across all tissues by gene ontology and pathway analysis identified 158 genes involved in RNA processing. Additional analysis of AS in a mouse model for the premature aging disease Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome was performed. The results show that expression of the mutant protein, progerin, is associated with an impaired developmental splicing. As progerin accumulates, the number of genes with AS increases compared to in wild‐type skin. Our results indicate the existence of a mechanism for increased AS during aging in several tissues, emphasizing that AS has a more important role in the aging process than previously known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía A. Rodríguez
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition; Center for Innovative Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Novum SE-141 83 Huddinge Sweden
| | - Diana Grochová
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition; Center for Innovative Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Novum SE-141 83 Huddinge Sweden
| | - Tomás McKenna
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition; Center for Innovative Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Novum SE-141 83 Huddinge Sweden
| | - Bhavesh Borate
- National Human Genome Research Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| | - Niraj S. Trivedi
- National Human Genome Research Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| | - Michael R. Erdos
- National Human Genome Research Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| | - Maria Eriksson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition; Center for Innovative Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Novum SE-141 83 Huddinge Sweden
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66
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Chang TC, Tang W, Koh WJH, Rettie AJE, Emond MJ, Monnat RJ, Folch A. Microwell arrays reveal cellular heterogeneity during the clonal expansion of transformed human cells. TECHNOLOGY 2015; 3:163-171. [PMID: 27158641 PMCID: PMC4854201 DOI: 10.1142/s2339547815200046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We developed micromolded microwell arrays to study the proliferation and senescence of single cells. Microwell arrays were designed to be compatible with conventional cell culture protocols to simplify cell loading, cell culture, and imaging. We demonstrated the utility of these arrays by measuring the proliferation and senescence of isogenic cells which expressed or had been depleted of the human Werner syndrome protein. Our results allowed us to reveal cell-to-cell heterogeneity in proliferation in WRN+ and WRN-depleted fibroblasts during clonal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim C Chang
- Departments of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Weiliang Tang
- Departments of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - William Jen Hoe Koh
- Departments of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Mary J Emond
- Departments of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Raymond J Monnat
- Departments of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Departments of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Albert Folch
- Departments of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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67
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Peters MJ, Joehanes R, Pilling LC, Schurmann C, Conneely KN, Powell J, Reinmaa E, Sutphin GL, Zhernakova A, Schramm K, Wilson YA, Kobes S, Tukiainen T, Ramos YF, Göring HHH, Fornage M, Liu Y, Gharib SA, Stranger BE, De Jager PL, Aviv A, Levy D, Murabito JM, Munson PJ, Huan T, Hofman A, Uitterlinden AG, Rivadeneira F, van Rooij J, Stolk L, Broer L, Verbiest MMPJ, Jhamai M, Arp P, Metspalu A, Tserel L, Milani L, Samani NJ, Peterson P, Kasela S, Codd V, Peters A, Ward-Caviness CK, Herder C, Waldenberger M, Roden M, Singmann P, Zeilinger S, Illig T, Homuth G, Grabe HJ, Völzke H, Steil L, Kocher T, Murray A, Melzer D, Yaghootkar H, Bandinelli S, Moses EK, Kent JW, Curran JE, Johnson MP, Williams-Blangero S, Westra HJ, McRae AF, Smith JA, Kardia SLR, Hovatta I, Perola M, Ripatti S, Salomaa V, Henders AK, Martin NG, Smith AK, Mehta D, Binder EB, Nylocks KM, Kennedy EM, Klengel T, Ding J, Suchy-Dicey AM, Enquobahrie DA, Brody J, Rotter JI, Chen YDI, Houwing-Duistermaat J, Kloppenburg M, Slagboom PE, Helmer Q, den Hollander W, Bean S, Raj T, Bakhshi N, Wang QP, Oyston LJ, Psaty BM, Tracy RP, Montgomery GW, Turner ST, Blangero J, Meulenbelt I, Ressler KJ, Yang J, Franke L, Kettunen J, Visscher PM, Neely GG, Korstanje R, Hanson RL, Prokisch H, Ferrucci L, Esko T, Teumer A, van Meurs JBJ, Johnson AD. The transcriptional landscape of age in human peripheral blood. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8570. [PMID: 26490707 PMCID: PMC4639797 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Disease incidences increase with age, but the molecular characteristics of ageing that lead to increased disease susceptibility remain inadequately understood. Here we perform a whole-blood gene expression meta-analysis in 14,983 individuals of European ancestry (including replication) and identify 1,497 genes that are differentially expressed with chronological age. The age-associated genes do not harbor more age-associated CpG-methylation sites than other genes, but are instead enriched for the presence of potentially functional CpG-methylation sites in enhancer and insulator regions that associate with both chronological age and gene expression levels. We further used the gene expression profiles to calculate the ‘transcriptomic age' of an individual, and show that differences between transcriptomic age and chronological age are associated with biological features linked to ageing, such as blood pressure, cholesterol levels, fasting glucose, and body mass index. The transcriptomic prediction model adds biological relevance and complements existing epigenetic prediction models, and can be used by others to calculate transcriptomic age in external cohorts. Ageing increases the risk of many diseases. Here the authors compare blood cell transcriptomes of over 14,000 individuals and identify a set of about 1,500 genes that are differently expressed with age, shedding light on transcriptional programs linked to the ageing process and age-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein J Peters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000CA, The Netherlands
| | - Roby Joehanes
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA.,Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA
| | - Luke C Pilling
- Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX4 1DB, UK
| | - Claudia Schurmann
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17493, Germany.,The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Genetics of Obesity &Related Metabolic Traits Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York 10029, USA
| | - Karen N Conneely
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30301, USA
| | - Joseph Powell
- Centre for Neurogenetics and Statistical Genomics, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Eva Reinmaa
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 0794, Estonia
| | - George L Sutphin
- Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA
| | - Alexandra Zhernakova
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700RB, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina Schramm
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Munich 85540, Germany
| | - Yana A Wilson
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Australia and Charles Perkins Centre and School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Sayuko Kobes
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona 85001, USA
| | - Taru Tukiainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00131, Finland.,Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00131, Finland
| | | | - Yolande F Ramos
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300RC, The Netherlands
| | - Harald H H Göring
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78201, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Sciences, Center at Houston, Texas 77001, USA.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77001, USA
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101, USA
| | - Sina A Gharib
- Computational Medicine Core, Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | - Barbara E Stranger
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60290, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02108, USA
| | - Abraham Aviv
- Center of Human Development and Aging, New Jersey Medical School, Newark 07101, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA.,Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA
| | - Joanne M Murabito
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA.,General Internal Medicine Section, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02108, USA
| | - Peter J Munson
- The Mathematical and Statistical Computing Laboratory, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA
| | - Tianxiao Huan
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA.,Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000CA, The Netherlands
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000CA, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000CA, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000CA, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000CA, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van Rooij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000CA, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette Stolk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000CA, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Broer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000CA, The Netherlands
| | - Michael M P J Verbiest
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000CA, The Netherlands
| | - Mila Jhamai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000CA, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Arp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000CA, The Netherlands
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 0794, Estonia
| | - Liina Tserel
- Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Tartu, Tartu 0794, Estonia
| | - Lili Milani
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 0794, Estonia
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE1, UK
| | - Pärt Peterson
- Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Tartu, Tartu 0794, Estonia
| | - Silva Kasela
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 0794, Estonia
| | - Veryan Codd
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE1, UK
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiologie II, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Cavin K Ward-Caviness
- Institute of Epidemiologie II, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Christian Herder
- Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40593, Germany
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Institute of Epidemiologie II, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40593, Germany.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40593, Germany
| | - Paula Singmann
- Institute of Epidemiologie II, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Sonja Zeilinger
- Institute of Epidemiologie II, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30519, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17493, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörgen Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Helios Hospital Stralsund, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17489, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17489, Germany
| | - Leif Steil
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17493, Germany
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17489, Germany
| | - Anna Murray
- Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX4 1DB, UK
| | - David Melzer
- Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX4 1DB, UK
| | - Hanieh Yaghootkar
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | | | - Eric K Moses
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, The University of Western Australia, and Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 9011, Australia
| | - Jack W Kent
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78201, USA
| | - Joanne E Curran
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78201, USA
| | - Matthew P Johnson
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78201, USA
| | | | - Harm-Jan Westra
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700RB, The Netherlands.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge 02138, USA.,Divisions of Genetics and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02108, USA.,Partners Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02108, USA
| | - Allan F McRae
- The Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103, USA
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103, USA
| | - Iiris Hovatta
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00100, Finland.,Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00100, Finland
| | - Markus Perola
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 0794, Estonia.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00131, Finland.,Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00131, Finland
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00131, Finland.,Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00131, Finland.,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB4, UK.,Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00100, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00131, Finland
| | - Anjali K Henders
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Alicia K Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30301, USA
| | - Divya Mehta
- Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80331, Germany
| | | | - K Maria Nylocks
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30301, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Kennedy
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30301, USA
| | | | - Jingzhong Ding
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101, USA
| | - Astrid M Suchy-Dicey
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | - Daniel A Enquobahrie
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | - Jennifer Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90501, USA
| | - Yii-Der I Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90501, USA
| | | | - Margreet Kloppenburg
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300RC, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300RC, The Netherlands
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300RC, The Netherlands
| | - Quinta Helmer
- Department of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300RC, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter den Hollander
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300RC, The Netherlands
| | - Shannon Bean
- Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA
| | - Towfique Raj
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Noman Bakhshi
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Australia and Charles Perkins Centre and School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Qiao Ping Wang
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Australia and Charles Perkins Centre and School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Lisa J Oyston
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Australia and Charles Perkins Centre and School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.,Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.,Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.,Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Russell P Tracy
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Colchester, Vermont 98195, USA
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Stephen T Turner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55901, USA
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78201, USA
| | - Ingrid Meulenbelt
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300RC, The Netherlands
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30301, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- The Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700RB, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00131, Finland.,Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00131, Finland.,Computational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu 90570, Finland
| | - Peter M Visscher
- The Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - G Gregory Neely
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Australia and Charles Perkins Centre and School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Ron Korstanje
- Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA
| | - Robert L Hanson
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona 85001, USA
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Munich 85540, Germany
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Tonu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 0794, Estonia.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge 02138, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02108, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02108, USA
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17493, Germany
| | - Joyce B J van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000CA, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew D Johnson
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA.,Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA
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68
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Zhang F, Li M, Wu X, Hu Y, Cao Y, Wang X, Xiang S, Li H, Jiang L, Tan Z, Lu W, Weng H, Shu Y, Gong W, Wang X, Zhang Y, Shi W, Dong P, Gu J, Liu Y. 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 promotes senescence and apoptosis in gallbladder cancer cells via the p53 pathway. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 9:3969-87. [PMID: 26309394 PMCID: PMC4539091 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s84527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC), the most frequent malignancy of the biliary tract, is associated with high mortality and extremely poor prognosis. 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 (20(S)-Rg3) is a steroidal saponin with high pharmacological activity. However, the anticancer effect of 20(S)-Rg3 in human GBC has not yet been determined. In this study, we primarily found that 20(S)-Rg3 exposure suppressed the survival of both NOZ and GBC-SD cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, induction of cellular senescence and G0/G1 arrest by 20(S)-Rg3 were accompanied by a large accumulation of p53 and p21 as a result of murine double minute 2 (MDM2) inhibition. 20(S)-Rg3 also caused a remarkable increase in apoptosis via the activation of the mitochondrial-mediated intrinsic caspase pathway. Furthermore, intraperitoneal injection of 20(S)-Rg3 (20 or 40 mg/kg) for 3 weeks markedly inhibited the growth of xenografts in nude mice. Our results demonstrated that 20(S)-Rg3 potently inhibited growth and survival of GBC cells both in vitro and in vivo. 20(S)-Rg3 attenuated GBC growth probably via activation of the p53 pathway, and subsequent induction of cellular senescence and mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis. Therefore, 20(S)-Rg3 may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for GBC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Maolan Li
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangsong Wu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunping Hu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu'an Wang
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Xiang
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaifeng Li
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhujun Tan
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Weng
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijun Shu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibin Shi
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Dong
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingbin Liu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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69
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Abstract
Aging is characterized by a decrease in genome integrity, impaired organ maintenance, and an increased risk of cancer, which coincide with clonal dominance of expanded mutant stem and progenitor cell populations in aging tissues, such as the intestinal epithelium, the hematopoietic system, and the male germline. Here we discuss possible explanations for age-associated increases in the initiation and/or progression of mutant stem/progenitor clones and highlight the roles of stem cell quiescence, replication-associated DNA damage, telomere shortening, epigenetic alterations, and metabolic challenges as determinants of stem cell mutations and clonal dominance in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Adams
- University of Glasgow and Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Heinrich Jasper
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA
| | - K Lenhard Rudolph
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V. (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany.
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70
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Sirtuins and proteolytic systems: implications for pathogenesis of synucleinopathies. Biomolecules 2015; 5:735-57. [PMID: 25946078 PMCID: PMC4496694 DOI: 10.3390/biom5020735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Insoluble and fibrillar forms of α-synuclein are the major components of Lewy bodies, a hallmark of several sporadic and inherited neurodegenerative diseases known as synucleinopathies. α-Synuclein is a natural unfolded and aggregation-prone protein that can be degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasomal system and the lysosomal degradation pathways. α-Synuclein is a target of the main cellular proteolytic systems, but it is also able to alter their function further, contributing to the progression of neurodegeneration. Aging, a major risk for synucleinopathies, is associated with a decrease activity of the proteolytic systems, further aggravating this toxic looping cycle. Here, the current literature on the basic aspects of the routes for α-synuclein clearance, as well as the consequences of the proteolytic systems collapse, will be discussed. Finally, particular focus will be given to the sirtuins’s role on proteostasis regulation, since their modulation emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy to rescue cells from α-synuclein toxicity. The controversial reports on the potential role of sirtuins in the degradation of α-synuclein will be discussed. Connection between sirtuins and proteolytic systems is definitely worth of further studies to increase the knowledge that will allow its proper exploration as new avenue to fight synucleinopathies.
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71
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Baek JH, Schmidt E, Viceconte N, Strandgren C, Pernold K, Richard TJC, Van Leeuwen FW, Dantuma NP, Damberg P, Hultenby K, Ulfhake B, Mugnaini E, Rozell B, Eriksson M. Expression of progerin in aging mouse brains reveals structural nuclear abnormalities without detectible significant alterations in gene expression, hippocampal stem cells or behavior. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:1305-21. [PMID: 25343989 PMCID: PMC4321440 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a segmental progeroid syndrome with multiple features suggestive of premature accelerated aging. Accumulation of progerin is thought to underlie the pathophysiology of HGPS. However, despite ubiquitous expression of lamin A in all differentiated cells, the HGPS mutation results in organ-specific defects. For example, bone and skin are strongly affected by HGPS, while the brain appears to be unaffected. There are no definite explanations as to the variable sensitivity to progeria disease among different organs. In addition, low levels of progerin have also been found in several tissues from normal individuals, but it is not clear if low levels of progerin contribute to the aging of the brain. In an attempt to clarify the origin of this phenomenon, we have developed an inducible transgenic mouse model with expression of the most common HGPS mutation in brain, skin, bone and heart to investigate how the mutation affects these organs. Ultrastructural analysis of neuronal nuclei after 70 weeks of expression of the LMNA c.1824C>T mutation showed severe distortion with multiple lobulations and irregular extensions. Despite severe distortions in the nuclei of hippocampal neurons of HGPS animals, there were only negligible changes in gene expression after 63 weeks of transgenic expression. Behavioral analysis and neurogenesis assays, following long-term expression of the HGPS mutation, did not reveal significant pathology. Our results suggest that certain tissues are protected from functional deleterious effects of progerin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Ha Baek
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Innovative Medicine
| | - Eva Schmidt
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Innovative Medicine
| | - Nikenza Viceconte
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Innovative Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Fred W Van Leeuwen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter Damberg
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kjell Hultenby
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Enrico Mugnaini
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Björn Rozell
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Eriksson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Innovative Medicine,
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72
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Rajamanoharan D, McCue HV, Burgoyne RD, Haynes LP. Modulation of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate levels by CaBP7 controls cytokinesis in mammalian cells. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:1428-39. [PMID: 25717182 PMCID: PMC4395124 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-07-1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
For more than 25 years, lysosomes have been known to cluster at the intercellular bridge during cytokinesis, but why has remained a mystery. This study provides evidence that phosphoinositide metabolism is important for this clustering and that lysosome activity is required for cytokinesis. Calcium and phosphoinositide signaling regulate cell division in model systems, but their significance in mammalian cells is unclear. Calcium-binding protein-7 (CaBP7) is a phosphatidylinositol 4-kinaseIIIβ (PI4KIIIβ) inhibitor required during cytokinesis in mammalian cells, hinting at a link between these pathways. Here we characterize a novel association of CaBP7 with lysosomes that cluster at the intercellular bridge during cytokinesis in HeLa cells. We show that CaBP7 regulates lysosome clustering and that PI4KIIIβ is essential for normal cytokinesis. CaBP7 depletion induces lysosome mislocalization, extension of intercellular bridge lifetime, and cytokinesis failure. These data connect phosphoinositide and calcium pathways to lysosome localization and normal cytokinesis in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayani Rajamanoharan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah V McCue
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Robert D Burgoyne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Lee P Haynes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
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73
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Expansion of stem cells counteracts age-related mammary regression in compound Timp1/Timp3 null mice. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 17:217-27. [PMID: 25706237 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Age is the primary risk factor for breast cancer in women. Bipotent basal stem cells actively maintain the adult mammary ductal tree, but with age tissues atrophy. We show that cell-extrinsic factors maintain the adult stem cell pool during ageing and dictate tissue stoichiometry. Mammary stem cells spontaneously expand more than 11-fold in virgin adult female mice lacking specific genes for TIMPs, the natural metalloproteinase inhibitors. Compound Timp1/Timp3 null glands exhibit Notch activation and accelerated gestational differentiation. Proteomics of mutant basal cells uncover altered cytoskeletal and extracellular protein repertoires, and we identify aberrant mitotic spindle orientation in these glands, a process that instructs asymmetric cell division and fate. We find that progenitor activity normally declines with age, but enriched stem/progenitor pools prevent tissue regression in Timp mutant mammary glands without affecting carcinogen-induced cancer susceptibility. Thus, improved stem cell content can extend mouse mammary tissue lifespan without altering cancer risk in this mouse model.
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74
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Kopp EB, Medzhitov R. Infection and inflammation in somatic maintenance, growth and longevity. Evol Appl 2015; 2:132-41. [PMID: 25567853 PMCID: PMC3352410 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2008.00062.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2008] [Accepted: 12/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
All organisms must display a certain degree of environmental adaptability to survive and reproduce. Growth and reproduction are metabolically expensive and carry other costs that contribute to aging. Therefore, animals have developed physiologic strategies to assess the harshness of the environment before devoting resources to reproduction. Presumably, these strategies maximize the possibility for offspring survival. Current views of aging reflect a trade-off between reproductive fitness and somatic maintenance whereby environmental stress induces an adaptive metabolic response aimed at preserving cellular integrity while inhibiting growth, whereas favorable environmental conditions (abundance of food and water, and optimal temperature, etc.) promote growth and reproductive maturity but simultaneously increase cellular damage and aging. Here we propose that the prevalence of infectious pathogens in a given niche represents an additional environmental factor that, via innate immune pathways, actively shifts this balance in favor of somatic maintenance at the expense of reproduction and growth. We additionally propose the construction of a genetic model system with which to test this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B Kopp
- HHMI and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ruslan Medzhitov
- HHMI and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, CT, USA
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75
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Saez I, Vilchez D. Protein clearance mechanisms and their demise in age-related neurodegenerative diseases. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2015.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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76
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Wang K, Das A, Xiong ZM, Cao K, Hannenhalli S. Phenotype-Dependent Coexpression Gene Clusters: Application to Normal and Premature Ageing. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2015; 12:30-39. [PMID: 26357076 PMCID: PMC5562542 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2014.2359446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hutchinson Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare genetic disease with symptoms of aging at a very early age. Its molecular basis is not entirely clear, although profound gene expression changes have been reported, and there are some known and other presumed overlaps with normal aging process. Identification of genes with agingor HGPS-associated expression changes is thus an important problem. However, standard regression approaches are currently unsuitable for this task due to limited sample sizes, thus motivating development of alternative approaches. Here, we report a novel iterative multiple regression approach that leverages co-expressed gene clusters to identify gene clusters whose expression co-varies with age and/or HGPS. We have applied our approach to novel RNA-seq profiles in fibroblast cell cultures at three different cellular ages, both from HGPS patients and normal samples. After establishing the robustness of our approach, we perform a comparative investigation of biological processes underlying normal aging and HGPS. Our results recapitulate previously known processes underlying aging as well as suggest numerous unique processes underlying aging and HGPS. The approach could also be useful in detecting phenotype-dependent co-expression gene clusters in other contexts with limited sample sizes.
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77
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The role of protein clearance mechanisms in organismal ageing and age-related diseases. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5659. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 442] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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78
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Kang R, Chen R, Zhang Q, Hou W, Wu S, Cao L, Huang J, Yu Y, Fan XG, Yan Z, Sun X, Wang H, Wang Q, Tsung A, Billiar TR, Zeh HJ, Lotze MT, Tang D. HMGB1 in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2014; 40:1-116. [PMID: 25010388 PMCID: PMC4254084 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 683] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Complex genetic and physiological variations as well as environmental factors that drive emergence of chromosomal instability, development of unscheduled cell death, skewed differentiation, and altered metabolism are central to the pathogenesis of human diseases and disorders. Understanding the molecular bases for these processes is important for the development of new diagnostic biomarkers, and for identifying new therapeutic targets. In 1973, a group of non-histone nuclear proteins with high electrophoretic mobility was discovered and termed high-mobility group (HMG) proteins. The HMG proteins include three superfamilies termed HMGB, HMGN, and HMGA. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), the most abundant and well-studied HMG protein, senses and coordinates the cellular stress response and plays a critical role not only inside of the cell as a DNA chaperone, chromosome guardian, autophagy sustainer, and protector from apoptotic cell death, but also outside the cell as the prototypic damage associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP). This DAMP, in conjunction with other factors, thus has cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor activity, orchestrating the inflammatory and immune response. All of these characteristics make HMGB1 a critical molecular target in multiple human diseases including infectious diseases, ischemia, immune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Indeed, a number of emergent strategies have been used to inhibit HMGB1 expression, release, and activity in vitro and in vivo. These include antibodies, peptide inhibitors, RNAi, anti-coagulants, endogenous hormones, various chemical compounds, HMGB1-receptor and signaling pathway inhibition, artificial DNAs, physical strategies including vagus nerve stimulation and other surgical approaches. Future work further investigating the details of HMGB1 localization, structure, post-translational modification, and identification of additional partners will undoubtedly uncover additional secrets regarding HMGB1's multiple functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| | - Ruochan Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Qiuhong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Wen Hou
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Lizhi Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xue-Gong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhengwen Yan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Experimental Department of Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510510, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Qingde Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Herbert J Zeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Michael T Lotze
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
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79
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Affiliation(s)
- J Peter Svensson
- Department of Biosciences & Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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80
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Zhang MS, Arnaoutov A, Dasso M. RanBP1 governs spindle assembly by defining mitotic Ran-GTP production. Dev Cell 2014; 31:393-404. [PMID: 25458009 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Accurate control of the Ras-related nuclear protein (Ran) GTPase cycle depends on the regulated activity of regulator of chromosome condensation 1 (RCC1), Ran's nucleotide exchange factor. RanBP1 has been characterized as a coactivator of the Ran GTPase-activating protein RanGAP1. RanBP1 can also form a stable complex with Ran and RCC1, although the dynamics and function of this complex remain poorly understood. Here, we show that formation of the heterotrimeric RCC1/Ran/RanBP1 complex in M phase Xenopus egg extracts controls both RCC1's enzymatic activity and partitioning between the chromatin-bound and soluble pools of RCC1. This mechanism is critical for spatial control of Ran-guanosine triphosphate (GTP) gradients that guide mitotic spindle assembly. Moreover, phosphorylation of RanBP1 drives changes in the dynamics of chromatin-bound RCC1 pools at the metaphase-anaphase transition. Our findings reveal an important mitotic role for RanBP1, controlling the spatial distribution and magnitude of mitotic Ran-GTP production and thereby ensuring accurate execution of Ran-dependent mitotic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Shaofei Zhang
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Development, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexei Arnaoutov
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Development, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mary Dasso
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Development, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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81
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Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stable cell cycle arrest, caused by insults, such as: telomere erosion, oncogene activation, irradiation, DNA damage, oxidative stress, and viral infection. Extrinsic stimuli such as cell culture stress can also trigger this growth arrest. Senescence is thought to have evolved as an example of antagonistic pleiotropy, as it acts as a tumor suppressor mechanism during the reproductive age, but can promote organismal aging by disrupting tissue renewal, repair, and regeneration later in life. The mechanisms underlying the senescence growth arrest are broadly considered to involve p16(INK4A) -pRB and p53-p21(CIP1/WAF1/SDI1) tumor suppressor pathways; but it is not known what makes the senescence arrest stable and what the critical downstream targets are, as they are likely to be key to the establishment and maintenance of the senescent state. MYB-related protein B (B-MYB/MYBL2), a member of the myeloblastosis family of transcription factors, has recently emerged as a potential candidate for regulating entry into senescence. Here, we review the evidence which indicates that loss of B-MYB expression has an important role in causing senescence growth arrest. We discuss how B-MYB acts, as the gatekeeper, to coordinate transit through the cell cycle, in conjunction with the multivulval class B (MuvB) complex and FOXM1 transcription factors. We also evaluate the evidence connecting B-MYB to the mTOR nutrient signaling pathway and suggest that inhibition of this pathway leading to an extension of healthspan may involve activation of B-MYB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia N. Mowla
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and MRC Prion Unit; UCL Institute of Neurology; Queen Square London WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Eric W.-F. Lam
- Division of Cancer; Department of Surgery and Cancer; Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine; Imperial College London; Hammersmith Hospital; Du Cane Road London W12 0NN UK
| | - Parmjit S. Jat
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and MRC Prion Unit; UCL Institute of Neurology; Queen Square London WC1N 3BG UK
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82
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Kim JW, Shim SH, Lee JH, Jeong JM, Park CI. Recombinant thioredoxin 1 protein: the immune-adjuvant effect of Streptococcus iniae and its safety in rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 39:152-157. [PMID: 24830770 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvant is an immune enhancer commonly used during vaccination to enhance the host immune response. In the present study, we analysed the recombinant protein produced from rock bream thioredoxin 1 cDNA (rRbTRx1). To verify the immune-stimulatory effect of this recombinant protein, changes in the expression level of several genes were investigated using the cDNA microarray chips in rock bream peripheral blood leukocytes stimulated with rRbTRx1. Furthermore, the immune responses of rock bream to Streptococcus iniae FKC (formalin-killed cell) vaccination alone or in combination with recombinant proteins were analysed after an experimental challenge with living S. iniae. Microarray analysis showed that 237 unique genes were upregulated more than two-fold after rRbTRx1 stimulation. Serum agglutination titres were relatively low; however, the FKC vaccine still conferred protection against S. iniae. Moreover, the adverse effects showed no statistically significant difference between fish injected with a concentration and non-injected fish. After experimental challenge to the rock bream by injection with living bacteria (S. iniae), the relative percent survival in the vaccinated groups with FKC + rRbTRx1 was significantly higher than that of the vaccinated groups with FKC alone, which were 85.9% and 68.2%, respectively. This indicated that the recombinant protein as an adjuvant showed synergism with the injected vaccine in rock bream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Won Kim
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong, Gyeongnam 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Shim
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Lee
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Geoje 656-842, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Min Jeong
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Geoje 656-842, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Il Park
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong, Gyeongnam 650-160, Republic of Korea.
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83
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Killeen AP, Morris DG, Kenny DA, Mullen MP, Diskin MG, Waters SM. Global gene expression in endometrium of high and low fertility heifers during the mid-luteal phase of the estrous cycle. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:234. [PMID: 24669966 PMCID: PMC3986929 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In both beef and dairy cattle, the majority of early embryo loss occurs within the first 14 days following insemination. During this time-period, embryos are completely dependent on their maternal uterine environment for development, growth and ultimately survival, therefore an optimum uterine environment is critical to their survival. The objective of this study was to investigate whether differences in endometrial gene expression during the mid-luteal phase of the estrous cycle exist between crossbred beef heifers ranked as either high (HF) or low fertility (LF) (following four rounds of artificial insemination (AI)) using the Affymetrix® 23 K Bovine Gene Chip. RESULTS Conception rates for each of the four rounds of AI were within a normal range: 70-73.3%. Microarray analysis of endometrial tissue collected on day 7 of the estrous cycle detected 419 differentially expressed genes (DEG) between HF (n = 6) and LF (n = 6) animals. The main gene pathways affected were, cellular growth and proliferation, angiogenesis, lipid metabolism, cellular and tissue morphology and development, inflammation and metabolic exchange. DEG included, FST, SLC45A2, MMP19, FADS1 and GALNT6. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights, some of the molecular mechanisms potentially controlling uterine endometrial function during the mid-luteal phase of the estrous cycle, which may contribute to uterine endometrial mediated impaired fertility in cattle. Differentially expressed genes are potential candidate genes for the identification of genetic variation influencing cow fertility, which may be incorporated into future breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sinéad M Waters
- Teagasc, Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Dunsany, County Meath, Ireland.
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84
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Taylor TH, Gitlin SA, Patrick JL, Crain JL, Wilson JM, Griffin DK. The origin, mechanisms, incidence and clinical consequences of chromosomal mosaicism in humans. Hum Reprod Update 2014; 20:571-81. [PMID: 24667481 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmu016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosomal mosaicism, the presence of two or more distinct cell lines, is prevalent throughout human pre- and post-implantation development and can lead to genetic abnormalities, miscarriages, stillbirths or live births. Due to the prevalence and significance of mosaicism in the human species, it is important to understand the origins, mechanisms and incidence of mosaicism throughout development. METHODS Literature searches were conducted utilizing Pubmed, with emphasis on human pre- and post-implantation mosaicism. RESULTS Mosaicism persists in two separate forms: general and confined. General mosaicism is routine during human embryonic growth as detected by preimplantation genetic screening at either the cleavage or blastocyst stage, leading to mosaicism within both the placenta and fetus proper. Confined mosaicism has been reported in the brain, gonads and placenta, amongst other places. Mosaicism is derived from a variety of mechanisms including chromosome non-disjunction, anaphase lagging or endoreplication. Anaphase lagging has been implicated as the main process by which mosaicism arises in the preimplantation embryo. Furthermore, mosaicism can be caused by any one of numerous factors from paternal, maternal or exogenous factors such as culture media or possibly controlled ovarian hyperstimulation during in vitro fertilization (IVF). Mosaicism has been reported in as high as 70 and 90% of cleavage- and blastocyst-stage embryos derived from IVF, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The clinical consequences of mosaicism depend on which chromosome is involved, and when and where an error occurs. Mitotic rescue of a meiotic error or a very early mitotic error will typically lead to general mosaicism while a mitotic error at a specific cell lineage point typically leads to confined mosaicism. The clinical consequences of mosaicism are dependent on numerous aspects, with the consequences being unique for each event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyl H Taylor
- Reproductive Endocrinology Associates of Charlotte, 1524 E Morehead St., Charlotte, 28207 NC, USA Department of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Susan A Gitlin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine, 601 Colley Avenue #316, Norfolk, 23507 VA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Patrick
- Reproductive Endocrinology Associates of Charlotte, 1524 E Morehead St., Charlotte, 28207 NC, USA
| | - Jack L Crain
- Reproductive Endocrinology Associates of Charlotte, 1524 E Morehead St., Charlotte, 28207 NC, USA
| | - J Michael Wilson
- Reproductive Endocrinology Associates of Charlotte, 1524 E Morehead St., Charlotte, 28207 NC, USA
| | - Darren K Griffin
- Department of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
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85
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Saez I, Vilchez D. The Mechanistic Links Between Proteasome Activity, Aging and Age-related Diseases. Curr Genomics 2014; 15:38-51. [PMID: 24653662 PMCID: PMC3958958 DOI: 10.2174/138920291501140306113344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Damaged and misfolded proteins accumulate during the aging process, impairing cell function and tissue homeostasis. These perturbations to protein homeostasis (proteostasis) are hallmarks of age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s or Huntington’s disease. Damaged proteins are degraded by cellular clearance mechanisms such as the proteasome, a key component of the proteostasis network. Proteasome activity declines during aging, and proteasomal dysfunction is associated with late-onset disorders. Modulation of proteasome activity extends lifespan and protects organisms from symptoms associated with proteostasis disorders. Here we review the links between proteasome activity, aging and neurodegeneration. Additionally, strategies to modulate proteasome activity and delay the onset of diseases associated to proteasomal dysfunction are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Saez
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Co-logne, Joseph Stelzmann Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - David Vilchez
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Co-logne, Joseph Stelzmann Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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86
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Arancio W, Pizzolanti G, Genovese SI, Pitrone M, Giordano C. Epigenetic involvement in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome: a mini-review. Gerontology 2014; 60:197-203. [PMID: 24603298 DOI: 10.1159/000357206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare human genetic disease that leads to a severe premature ageing phenotype, caused by mutations in the LMNA gene. The LMNA gene codes for lamin-A and lamin-C proteins, which are structural components of the nuclear lamina. HGPS is usually caused by a de novo C1824T mutation that leads to the accumulation of a dominant negative form of lamin-A called progerin. Progerin also accumulates physiologically in normal ageing cells as a rare splicing form of lamin-A transcripts. From this perspective, HGPS cells seem to be good candidates for the study of the physiological mechanisms of ageing. Progerin accumulation leads to faster cellular senescence, stem cell depletion and the progeroid phenotype. Tissues of mesodermic origin are especially affected by HGPS. HGPS patients usually have a bad quality of life and, with current treatments, their life expectancy does not exceed their second decade at best. Though progerin can be expressed in almost any tissue, when death occurs, it is usually due to cardiovascular complications. In HGPS, severe epigenetic alterations have been reported. Histone-covalent modifications are radically different from control specimens, with the tendency to lose the bipartition into euchromatin and heterochromatin. This is reflected in an altered spatial compartmentalization and conformation of chromatin within the nucleus. Moreover, it seems that microRNAs and microRNA biosynthesis might play a role in HGPS. Exemplary in this connection is the suggested protective effect of miR-9 on the central nervous system of affected individuals. This mini-review will report on the state of the art of HGPS epigenetics, and there will be a discussion of how epigenetic alterations in HGPS cells can alter the cellular metabolism and lead to the systemic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Arancio
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialized Medicine (DiBiMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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87
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Wu D, Flannery AR, Cai H, Ko E, Cao K. Nuclear localization signal deletion mutants of lamin A and progerin reveal insights into lamin A processing and emerin targeting. Nucleus 2014; 5:66-74. [PMID: 24637396 PMCID: PMC4028357 DOI: 10.4161/nucl.28068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamin A is a major component of the lamina, which creates a dynamic network underneath the nuclear envelope. Mutations in the lamin A gene (LMNA) cause severe genetic disorders, one of which is Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), a disease triggered by a dominant mutant named progerin. Unlike the wild-type lamin A, whose farnesylated C-terminus is excised during post-translational processing, progerin retains its farnesyl tail and accumulates on the nuclear membrane, resulting in abnormal nuclear morphology during interphase. In addition, membrane-associated progerin forms visible cytoplasmic aggregates in mitosis. To examine the potential effects of cytoplasmic progerin, nuclear localization signal (NLS) deleted progerin and lamin A (PGΔNLS and LAΔNLS, respectively) have been constructed. We find that both ΔNLS mutants are farnesylated in the cytosol and associate with a sub-domain of the ER via their farnesyl tails. While the farnesylation on LAΔNLS can be gradually removed, which leads to its subsequent release from the ER into the cytoplasm, PGΔNLS remains permanently farnesylated and membrane-bounded. Moreover, both ΔNLS mutants dominantly affect emerin’s nuclear localization. These results reveal new insights into lamin A biogenesis and lamin A-emerin interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics; University of Maryland; College Park, MD USA
| | - Andrew R Flannery
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics; University of Maryland; College Park, MD USA
| | - Helen Cai
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics; University of Maryland; College Park, MD USA
| | - Eunae Ko
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics; University of Maryland; College Park, MD USA
| | - Kan Cao
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics; University of Maryland; College Park, MD USA
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88
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Ross RJ, Verma V, Rosenberg KI, Chan CC, Tuo J. Genetic markers and biomarkers for age-related macular degeneration. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2014; 2:443-457. [PMID: 17917691 DOI: 10.1586/17469899.2.3.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness in the USA. Although the treatment of AMD has evolved to include laser photocoagulation, photodynamic therapy, surgical macular translocation and antiangiogenesis agents, treatment options for advanced AMD are limited. Furthermore, the dry form of AMD, albeit less devastating than the wet form, has even fewer viable treatment options. This review summarizes the various biomarkers of AMD and analyzes whether or not they may one day be exploited to determine risks of disease onset, measure progression of disease or even assess the effects of treatment of AMD. Potential biomarkers are important to identify since some might be utilized to reflect the disease state of a particular patient and to individualize therapy. Although studies have yielded promising results for nutrient and inflammatory biomarkers, these results have been inconsistent. At present, the best available markers of AMD risk are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNPs in complement factor H (CFH) and PLEKHA1/ARMS2/HtrA1 capture a substantial fraction of AMD risk and permit the identification of individuals at high risk of developing AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Ross
- National Eye Institute Intramural Research Training Award Fellow, Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, Tel.: +1 301 435 4563, ,
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89
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Guan H, Yang X, Hu J, Lu H, Tuo J. Featured distribution of AMD-susceptibility SNPs between ethnicities and the modifying effect of SNPs on AMD therapy. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/eop.09.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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90
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Wierstra I. The transcription factor FOXM1 (Forkhead box M1): proliferation-specific expression, transcription factor function, target genes, mouse models, and normal biological roles. Adv Cancer Res 2013; 118:97-398. [PMID: 23768511 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407173-5.00004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
FOXM1 (Forkhead box M1) is a typical proliferation-associated transcription factor, which stimulates cell proliferation and exhibits a proliferation-specific expression pattern. Accordingly, both the expression and the transcriptional activity of FOXM1 are increased by proliferation signals, but decreased by antiproliferation signals, including the positive and negative regulation by protooncoproteins or tumor suppressors, respectively. FOXM1 stimulates cell cycle progression by promoting the entry into S-phase and M-phase. Moreover, FOXM1 is required for proper execution of mitosis. Accordingly, FOXM1 regulates the expression of genes, whose products control G1/S-transition, S-phase progression, G2/M-transition, and M-phase progression. Additionally, FOXM1 target genes encode proteins with functions in the execution of DNA replication and mitosis. FOXM1 is a transcriptional activator with a forkhead domain as DNA binding domain and with a very strong acidic transactivation domain. However, wild-type FOXM1 is (almost) inactive because the transactivation domain is repressed by three inhibitory domains. Inactive FOXM1 can be converted into a very potent transactivator by activating signals, which release the transactivation domain from its inhibition by the inhibitory domains. FOXM1 is essential for embryonic development and the foxm1 knockout is embryonically lethal. In adults, FOXM1 is important for tissue repair after injury. FOXM1 prevents premature senescence and interferes with contact inhibition. FOXM1 plays a role for maintenance of stem cell pluripotency and for self-renewal capacity of stem cells. The functions of FOXM1 in prevention of polyploidy and aneuploidy and in homologous recombination repair of DNA-double-strand breaks suggest an importance of FOXM1 for the maintenance of genomic stability and chromosomal integrity.
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91
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Kim HJ, Cho JH, Kim JR. Downregulation of Polo-like kinase 1 induces cellular senescence in human primary cells through a p53-dependent pathway. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013; 68:1145-56. [PMID: 23525475 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) plays a key role in various stages of mitosis from entry into M phase to exit from mitosis. However, its role in cellular senescence remains to be determined. Therefore, the effects of PLK1 on cellular senescence in human primary cells were investigated. We found that expression of PLK1 decreased in human dermal fibroblasts and human umbilical vein endothelial cells under replicative senescence and premature senescence induced by adriamycin. PLK1 knockdown with PLK1 small interfering RNAs in young cells induced premature senescence. In contrast, upregulation of PLK1 in old cells partially reversed senescence phenotypes. Cellular senescence by PLK1 inhibition was observed in p16 knockdown cells but not in p53 knockdown cells. Our data suggest that PLK1 repression might result in cellular senescence in human primary cells via a p53-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jin Kim
- These authors contributed equally to this work
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92
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Biniossek ML, Lechel A, Rudolph KL, Martens UM, Zimmermann S. Quantitative proteomic profiling of tumor cell response to telomere dysfunction using isotope-coded protein labeling (ICPL) reveals interaction network of candidate senescence markers. J Proteomics 2013; 91:515-35. [PMID: 23969227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Telomerase inhibition causes progressive telomere shortening and cellular senescence, which constitutes a universal barrier to tumor growth and therefore an attractive target for tumor therapy. To expand our previous studies, we investigated the global effects of telomere dysfunction on the proteome of tumor cells in order to find novel senescence biomarkers. Telomerase-deficient HCT-116 cell clones were analyzed by a quantitative proteomic approach using isotope-coded protein labeling (ICPL) and nanoflow-HPLC-MS/MS. Stringent reduction of the extensive proteomic data from this tumor cell model revealed a list of 59 markers including proteins identified in our former studies and a number of novel proteins involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis such as SFN, S100A4, ANXA2, and LGALS1. A loss of the chromatin protein HMGB2 was demonstrated not only in various telomerase-inhibited clones of different tumor cell lines, but also in normal human fibroblasts undergoing replicative senescence and in aging telomerase knockout mice. Impressively, a coherent and dense network of protein-protein interactions for the bulk of the markers and their implementation in signaling pathways involving key regulators for tumorigenesis were revealed. These results have an impact on the understanding of telomere- and senescence-related signal transduction in tumor cells in consideration of the general lack of senescence markers. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Induction of cellular senescence constitutes a potent concept for tumor therapy which interferes with immortalization and additional hallmarks of cancer. The application of a powerful quantitative proteomic approach using isotope-coded protein labeling to an approved model for senescence represented by telomerase inhibited tumor cells led to the identification of novel candidate biomarkers for telomere dysfunction and replicative senescence. Thereby, the identified markers not only fit in the context of the investigated processes with a relevance for additional hallmarks of cancer but are also involved in a strong interaction network and integrated in canonical pathways centered around key cancer-relevant proteins. These potential markers alone or in combination will significantly extend the view on telomere-associated signal transduction in tumor cells and contribute to the field of cellular senescence and aging in consideration of the general lack of biomarkers in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin L Biniossek
- Institute of Molecular Medicine Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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93
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Glass D, Viñuela A, Davies MN, Ramasamy A, Parts L, Knowles D, Brown AA, Hedman ÅK, Small KS, Buil A, Grundberg E, Nica AC, Di Meglio P, Nestle FO, Ryten M, Durbin R, McCarthy MI, Deloukas P, Dermitzakis ET, Weale ME, Bataille V, Spector TD. Gene expression changes with age in skin, adipose tissue, blood and brain. Genome Biol 2013; 14:R75. [PMID: 23889843 PMCID: PMC4054017 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2013-14-7-r75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated that gene expression levels change with age. These changes are hypothesized to influence the aging rate of an individual. We analyzed gene expression changes with age in abdominal skin, subcutaneous adipose tissue and lymphoblastoid cell lines in 856 female twins in the age range of 39-85 years. Additionally, we investigated genotypic variants involved in genotype-by-age interactions to understand how the genomic regulation of gene expression alters with age. RESULTS Using a linear mixed model, differential expression with age was identified in 1,672 genes in skin and 188 genes in adipose tissue. Only two genes expressed in lymphoblastoid cell lines showed significant changes with age. Genes significantly regulated by age were compared with expression profiles in 10 brain regions from 100 postmortem brains aged 16 to 83 years. We identified only one age-related gene common to the three tissues. There were 12 genes that showed differential expression with age in both skin and brain tissue and three common to adipose and brain tissues. CONCLUSIONS Skin showed the most age-related gene expression changes of all the tissues investigated, with many of the genes being previously implicated in fatty acid metabolism, mitochondrial activity, cancer and splicing. A significant proportion of age-related changes in gene expression appear to be tissue-specific with only a few genes sharing an age effect in expression across tissues. More research is needed to improve our understanding of the genetic influences on aging and the relationship with age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Glass
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
- North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, Northwick Park Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - Ana Viñuela
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Matthew N Davies
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Adaikalavan Ramasamy
- Department of Medical ƒ Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | - David Knowles
- Stanford University, 450 Serra MallStanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Åsa K Hedman
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Kerrin S Small
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, HinxtonCB10 1SA,UK
| | - Alfonso Buil
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1 Rue Michel-Servet (CMU office 9088), Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Elin Grundberg
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, HinxtonCB10 1SA,UK
| | - Alexandra C Nica
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1 Rue Michel-Servet (CMU office 9088), Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Paola Di Meglio
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Frank O Nestle
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mina Ryten
- Department of Medical ƒ Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - the UK Brain Expression consortium
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | | | | | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology ƒ Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, Headington OX3 7LJ,UK
| | | | - Emmanouil T Dermitzakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1 Rue Michel-Servet (CMU office 9088), Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Michael E Weale
- Department of Medical ƒ Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Veronique Bataille
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
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94
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Chishti MA, Kaya N, BinBakheet AB, Al-Mohanna F, Goyns MH, Colak D. Induction of cell proliferation in old rat liver can reset certain gene expression levels characteristic of old liver to those associated with young liver. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:719-732. [PMID: 22477361 PMCID: PMC3636416 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9404-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
During the past decade, it has become increasingly clear that consistent changes in the levels of expression of a small cohort of genes accompany the aging of mammalian tissues. In many cases, these changes have been shown to generate features that are characteristic of the senescent phenotype. Previously, a small pilot study indicated that some of these changes might be reversed in rat liver, if the liver cells became malignant and were proliferating. The present study has tested the hypothesis that inducing proliferation in old rat liver can reset the levels of expression of these age-related genes to that observed in young tissue. A microarray approach was used to identify genes that exhibited the greatest changes in their expression during aging. The levels of expression of these markers were then examined in transcriptomes of both proliferating hepatomas from old animals and old rat liver lobes that had regenerated after partial hepatectomy but were again quiescent. We have found evidence that over 20 % of the aging-related genes had their levels of expression reset to young levels by stimulating proliferation, even in cells that had undergone a limited number of cell cycles and then become quiescent again. Moreover, our network analysis indicated alterations in MAPK/ERK and Jun-N-terminal kinase pathways and the potential important role of PAX3, VCAN, ARRB2, NR1H2, and ITGA5 that may provide insights into mechanisms involved in longevity and regeneration that are distinct from cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Aging/genetics
- Aging/metabolism
- Aging/pathology
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/surgery
- Cell Cycle
- Cell Proliferation
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Neoplasm/genetics
- Hepatectomy
- Hepatocytes
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/surgery
- Liver Regeneration/genetics
- Longevity/genetics
- Male
- Pilot Projects
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A. Chishti
- Department of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 11211
- Present Address: Department of Pathology, Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 11461
| | - Namik Kaya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 11211
| | - Al-Bandary BinBakheet
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 11211
| | - Falah Al-Mohanna
- Department of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 11211
| | - Malcolm H. Goyns
- Children’s Cancer Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 11211
- Present Address: Immorgene Concepts Ltd., Stockton-on-Tees, TS22 5YA UK
| | - Dilek Colak
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 11211
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95
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Simonetti O, Lucarini G, Cirioni O, Zizzi A, Orlando F, Provinciali M, Di Primio R, Giacometti A, Offidani A. Delayed wound healing in aged skin rat models after thermal injury is associated with an increased MMP-9, K6 and CD44 expression. Burns 2013; 39:776-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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96
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Jacobo SMP, DeAngelis MM, Kim IK, Kazlauskas A. Age-related macular degeneration-associated silent polymorphisms in HtrA1 impair its ability to antagonize insulin-like growth factor 1. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:1976-90. [PMID: 23478260 PMCID: PMC3647976 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01283-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within a transcript's coding region produce no change in the amino acid sequence of the protein product and are therefore intuitively assumed to have a neutral effect on protein function. We report that two common variants of high-temperature requirement A1 (HTRA1) that increase the inherited risk of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NvAMD) harbor synonymous SNPs within exon 1 of HTRA1 that convert common codons for Ala34 and Gly36 to less frequently used codons. The frequent-to-rare codon conversion reduced the mRNA translation rate and appeared to compromise HtrA1's conformation and function. The protein product generated from the SNP-containing cDNA displayed enhanced susceptibility to proteolysis and a reduced affinity for an anti-HtrA1 antibody. The NvAMD-associated synonymous polymorphisms lie within HtrA1's putative insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) binding domain. They reduced HtrA1's abilities to associate with IGF-1 and to ameliorate IGF-1-stimulated signaling events and cellular responses. These observations highlight the relevance of synonymous codon usage to protein function and implicate homeostatic protein quality control mechanisms that may go awry in NvAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Melissa P. Jacobo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Margaret M. DeAngelis
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ivana K. Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrius Kazlauskas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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97
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Agosta E, Lazzeri S, Orlandi P, Figus M, Fioravanti A, Di Desidero T, Sartini MS, Nardi M, Danesi R, Bocci G. Pharmacogenetics of antiangiogenic and antineovascular therapies of age-related macular degeneration. Pharmacogenomics 2013; 13:1037-53. [PMID: 22838951 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.12.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common age-related disease causing irreversible visual loss in industrialized countries, is a complex and multifactorial illness. Researchers have found components of the complement alternative pathway inside drusen and Bruch's membrane of AMD patients, underlying a possible important role of complement factor H in the pathogenesis of AMD. The neovascular (wet) AMD is the most destructive form and it is characterized by invasion of new blood vessels into subretinal spaces with subsequent exudation and bleeding, resulting in scarring of the macular region and loss of the central vision. The hallmark of the neovascular form is the choroidal neovascularization, where VEGF-A has an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. SNPs of these genes have recently been investigated as potential pharmacogenetic markers of the antiangiogenic and antineovascular therapy of AMD, which includes verteporfin photodynamic therapy and anti-VEGF-A drugs, such as pegaptanib, bevacizumab and ranibizumab. The CFH rs1061170 CT and TT genotypes have been associated with an improvement of visual acuity in bevacizumab or ranibizumab treated patients, whereas patients harboring VEGF-A rs699946 G allele responded better to bevacizumab-based therapy if compared with patients carrying the A allele. In conclusion, the discovery of pharmacogenetic markers for the personalization of the antiangiogenic and/or antineovascular therapy could be, in the future, a key issue in ophthalmology to obtain a personalization of the therapy and to avoid unnecessary costs and adverse drug reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Agosta
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 55-56125, Pisa, Italy
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98
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Kulminski AM, Culminskaya I. Genomics of human health and aging. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:455-69. [PMID: 22174011 PMCID: PMC3592948 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9362-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Despite notable progress of the candidate-gene and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), understanding the role of genes contributing to human health and lifespan is still very limited. We use the Framingham Heart Study to elucidate if recognizing the role of evolution and systemic processes in an aging organism could advance such studies. We combine throughput methods of GWAS with more detail methods typical for candidate-gene analyses and show that both lifespan and ages at onset of CVD and cancer can be controlled by the same allelic variants. The risk allele carriers are at highly significant risk of premature death (e.g., RR=2.9, p=5.0 × 10(-66)), onset of CVD (e.g., RR=1.6, p=4.6 × 10(-17)), and onset of cancer (e.g., RR=1.6, p=1.5 × 10(-6)). The mechanism mediating the revealed genetic associations is likely associated with biological aging. These aging-related phenotypes are associated with a complex network which includes, in this study, 62 correlated SNPs even so these SNPs can be on non-homologous chromosomes. A striking result is three-fold, highly significant (p=3.6 × 10(-10)) enrichment of non-synonymous SNPs (N=27) in this network compared to the entire qualified set of the studied SNPs. Functional significance of this network is strengthened by involvement of genes for these SNPs in fundamental biological processes related to aging (e.g., response to stimuli, protein degradation, apoptosis) and by connections of these genes with neurological (20 genes) and cardio-vascular (nine genes) processes and tumorigenesis (10 genes). These results document challenging role of gene networks in regulating human health and aging and call for broadening focus on genomics of such phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Kulminski
- Center for Population Health and Aging, Duke University, Box 90408, Trent Hall, Room 002, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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99
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Abstract
Skin aging is a complex process and underlies multiple influences with the probable involvement of heritable and various environmental factors. Several theories have been conducted regarding the pathomechanisms of aged skin, however fundamental mechanisms still remain poorly understood. This article addresses the influence of genetics on skin aging and in particular deals with the differences observed in ethnic populations and between both genders. Recent studies indicate that male and female aged skin differs as far as the type, the consistency and the sensitivity to external factors is concerned. The same has been also documented between elderly people of different origin. Consequently, the aging process taking place in both genders and in diverse ethnic groups should be examined separately and products specialized to each population should be developed in order to satisfy the special needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Makrantonaki
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology; Dessau Medical Center; Dessau, Germany ; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Berlin, Germany
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100
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Li Q, Zhang Y, Fu J, Han L, Xue L, Lv C, Wang P, Li G, Tong T. FOXA1 mediates p16(INK4a) activation during cellular senescence. EMBO J 2013; 32:858-73. [PMID: 23443045 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2013.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms governing the transcription of p16(INK4a), one of the master regulators of cellular senescence, have been extensively studied. However, little is known about chromatin dynamics taking place at its promoter and distal enhancer. Here, we report that Forkhead box A1 protein (FOXA1) is significantly upregulated in both replicative and oncogene-induced senescence, and in turn activates transcription of p16(INK4a) through multiple mechanisms. In addition to acting as a classic sequence-specific transcriptional activator, FOXA1 binding leads to a decrease in nucleosome density at the p16(INK4a) promoter in senescent fibroblasts. Moreover, FOXA1, itself a direct target of Polycomb-mediated repression, antagonizes Polycomb function at the p16(INK4a) locus. Finally, a systematic survey of putative FOXA1 binding sites in the p16(INK4a) genomic region revealed an ∼150 kb distal element that could loop back to the promoter and potentiate p16(INK4a) expression. Overall, our findings establish several mechanisms by which FOXA1 controls p16(INK4a) expression during cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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