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Suga S, Nakamura K, Nakanishi Y, Humbel BM, Kawai H, Hirabayashi Y. An interactive deep learning-based approach reveals mitochondrial cristae topologies. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002246. [PMID: 37651352 PMCID: PMC10470929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The convolution of membranes called cristae is a critical structural and functional feature of mitochondria. Crista structure is highly diverse between different cell types, reflecting their role in metabolic adaptation. However, their precise three-dimensional (3D) arrangement requires volumetric analysis of serial electron microscopy and has therefore been limiting for unbiased quantitative assessment. Here, we developed a novel, publicly available, deep learning (DL)-based image analysis platform called Python-based human-in-the-loop workflow (PHILOW) implemented with a human-in-the-loop (HITL) algorithm. Analysis of dense, large, and isotropic volumes of focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) using PHILOW reveals the complex 3D nanostructure of both inner and outer mitochondrial membranes and provides deep, quantitative, structural features of cristae in a large number of individual mitochondria. This nanometer-scale analysis in micrometer-scale cellular contexts uncovers fundamental parameters of cristae, such as total surface area, orientation, tubular/lamellar cristae ratio, and crista junction density in individual mitochondria. Unbiased clustering analysis of our structural data unraveled a new function for the dynamin-related GTPase Optic Atrophy 1 (OPA1) in regulating the balance between lamellar versus tubular cristae subdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Suga
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koki Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Nakanishi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bruno M. Humbel
- Imaging Section, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST), Okinawa, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawai
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hirabayashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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52
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Jiao S, Miranda P, Li Y, Maric D, Holmgren M. Some aspects of the life of SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a protein in mammalian cells. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18754. [PMID: 37609425 PMCID: PMC10440475 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The accessory protein ORF3a, from SARS-CoV-2, plays a critical role in viral infection and pathogenesis. Here, we characterized ORF3a assembly, ion channel activity, subcellular localization, and interactome. At the plasma membrane, ORF3a exists mostly as monomers and dimers, which do not alter the native cell membrane conductance, suggesting that ORF3a does not function as a viroporin at the cell surface. As a membrane protein, ORF3a is synthesized at the ER and sorted via a canonical route. ORF3a overexpression induced an approximately 25% increase in cell death. By developing an APEX2-based proximity labeling assay, we uncovered proteins proximal to ORF3a, suggesting that ORF3a recruits some host proteins to weaken the cell. In addition, it exposed a set of mitochondria related proteins that triggered mitochondrial fission. Overall, this work can be an important instrument in understanding the role of ORF3a in the virus pathogenicity and searching for potential therapeutic treatments for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Jiao
- Molecular Neurophysiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, MD, USA
| | - Pablo Miranda
- Molecular Neurophysiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, MD, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Proteomics Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, MD, USA
| | - Dragan Maric
- Flow and Imaging Cytometry Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, MD, USA
| | - Miguel Holmgren
- Molecular Neurophysiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, MD, USA
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53
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Marinho D, Ferreira IL, Lorenzoni R, Cardoso SM, Santana I, Rego AC. Reduction of class I histone deacetylases ameliorates ER-mitochondria cross-talk in Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13895. [PMID: 37358017 PMCID: PMC10410063 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Several molecular mechanisms have been described in Alzheimer's disease (AD), including repressed gene transcription and mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dysfunction. In this study, we evaluate the potential efficacy of transcriptional modifications exerted by inhibition or knockdown of class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) in ameliorating ER-mitochondria cross-talk in AD models. Data show increased HDAC3 protein levels and decreased acetyl-H3 in AD human cortex, and increased HDAC2-3 in MCI peripheral human cells, HT22 mouse hippocampal cells exposed to Aβ1-42 oligomers (AβO) and APP/PS1 mouse hippocampus. Tacedinaline (Tac, a selective class I HDAC inhibitor) counteracted the increase in ER-Ca2+ retention and mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation, mitochondrial depolarization and impaired ER-mitochondria cross-talk, as observed in 3xTg-AD mouse hippocampal neurons and AβO-exposed HT22 cells. We further demonstrated diminished mRNA levels of proteins involved in mitochondrial-associated ER membranes (MAM) in cells exposed to AβO upon Tac treatment, along with reduction in ER-mitochondria contacts (MERCS) length. HDAC2 silencing reduced ER-mitochondria Ca2+ transfer and mitochondrial Ca2+ retention, while knockdown of HDAC3 decreased ER-Ca2+ accumulation in AβO-treated cells. APP/PS1 mice treated with Tac (30 mg/kg/day) also showed regulation of mRNA levels of MAM-related proteins, and reduced Aβ levels. These data demonstrate that Tac normalizes Ca2+ signaling between mitochondria and ER, involving the tethering between the two organelles in AD hippocampal neural cells. Tac-mediated AD amelioration occurs through the regulation of protein expression at MAM, as observed in AD cells and animal models. Data support transcriptional regulation of ER-mitochondria communication as a promising target for innovative therapeutics in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Marinho
- CNC‐Center for Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- IIIUC‐Institute for Interdisciplinary ResearchUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- CIBB‐Center for Innovative Biomedicine and BiotechnologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Ildete Luísa Ferreira
- CNC‐Center for Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- IIIUC‐Institute for Interdisciplinary ResearchUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- CIBB‐Center for Innovative Biomedicine and BiotechnologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Ricardo Lorenzoni
- CNC‐Center for Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- IIIUC‐Institute for Interdisciplinary ResearchUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- CIBB‐Center for Innovative Biomedicine and BiotechnologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Sandra M. Cardoso
- CNC‐Center for Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- CIBB‐Center for Innovative Biomedicine and BiotechnologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- FMUC‐Faculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Isabel Santana
- CNC‐Center for Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- CIBB‐Center for Innovative Biomedicine and BiotechnologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- FMUC‐Faculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Neurology DepartmentCHUC‐Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - A. Cristina Rego
- CNC‐Center for Neuroscience and Cell BiologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- CIBB‐Center for Innovative Biomedicine and BiotechnologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- FMUC‐Faculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
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54
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Rühmkorf A, Harbauer AB. Role of Mitochondria-ER Contact Sites in Mitophagy. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1198. [PMID: 37627263 PMCID: PMC10452924 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouse" of the cell. However, this organelle has many more functions than simply satisfying the cells' metabolic needs. Mitochondria are involved in calcium homeostasis and lipid metabolism, and they also regulate apoptotic processes. Many of these functions require contact with the ER, which is mediated by several tether proteins located on the respective organellar surfaces, enabling the formation of mitochondria-ER contact sites (MERCS). Upon damage, mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can harm the surrounding cell. To circumvent toxicity and to maintain a functional pool of healthy organelles, damaged and excess mitochondria can be targeted for degradation via mitophagy, a form of selective autophagy. Defects in mitochondria-ER tethers and the accumulation of damaged mitochondria are found in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which argues that the interplay between the two organelles is vital for neuronal health. This review provides an overview of the different mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control that are implicated with the different mitochondria-ER tether proteins, and also provides a novel perspective on how MERCS are involved in mediating mitophagy upon mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Rühmkorf
- TUM Medical Graduate Center, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Angelika Bettina Harbauer
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, 81377 Munich, Germany
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55
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Casas M, Murray KD, Hino K, Vierra NC, Simó S, Trimmer JS, Dixon RE, Dickson EJ. NPC1-dependent alterations in K V2.1-Ca V1.2 nanodomains drive neuronal death in models of Niemann-Pick Type C disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4553. [PMID: 37507375 PMCID: PMC10382591 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39937-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes communicate through cholesterol transfer at endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contact sites. At these sites, the Niemann Pick C1 cholesterol transporter (NPC1) facilitates the removal of cholesterol from lysosomes, which is then transferred to the ER for distribution to other cell membranes. Mutations in NPC1 result in cholesterol buildup within lysosomes, leading to Niemann-Pick Type C (NPC) disease, a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder. The molecular mechanisms connecting NPC1 loss to NPC-associated neuropathology remain unknown. Here we show both in vitro and in an animal model of NPC disease that the loss of NPC1 function alters the distribution and activity of voltage-gated calcium channels (CaV). Underlying alterations in calcium channel localization and function are KV2.1 channels whose interactions drive calcium channel clustering to enhance calcium entry and fuel neurotoxic elevations in mitochondrial calcium. Targeted disruption of KV2-CaV interactions rescues aberrant CaV1.2 clustering, elevated mitochondrial calcium, and neurotoxicity in vitro. Our findings provide evidence that NPC is a nanostructural ion channel clustering disease, characterized by altered distribution and activity of ion channels at membrane contacts, which contribute to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Casas
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Karl D Murray
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Keiko Hino
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas C Vierra
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sergi Simó
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - James S Trimmer
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rose E Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Eamonn J Dickson
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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56
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Qiu Y, Wang H, Fan M, Pan H, Guan J, Jiang Y, Jia Z, Wu K, Zhou H, Zhuang Q, Lei Z, Ding X, Cai H, Dong Y, Yan L, Lin A, Fu Y, Zhang D, Yan Q, Wang Q. Impaired AIF-CHCHD4 interaction and mitochondrial calcium overload contribute to auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder in patient-iPSC-derived neurons with AIFM1 variant. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:375. [PMID: 37365177 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05899-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) is a hearing impairment caused by dysfunction of inner hair cells, ribbon synapses, spiral ganglion neurons and/or the auditory nerve itself. Approximately 1/7000 newborns have abnormal auditory nerve function, accounting for 10%-14% of cases of permanent hearing loss in children. Although we previously identified the AIFM1 c.1265 G > A variant to be associated with ANSD, the mechanism by which ANSD is associated with AIFM1 is poorly understood. We generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) via nucleofection with episomal plasmids. The patient-specific iPSCs were edited via CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate gene-corrected isogenic iPSCs. These iPSCs were further differentiated into neurons via neural stem cells (NSCs). The pathogenic mechanism was explored in these neurons. In patient cells (PBMCs, iPSCs, and neurons), the AIFM1 c.1265 G > A variant caused a novel splicing variant (c.1267-1305del), resulting in AIF p.R422Q and p.423-435del proteins, which impaired AIF dimerization. Such impaired AIF dimerization then weakened the interaction between AIF and coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain-containing protein 4 (CHCHD4). On the one hand, the mitochondrial import of ETC complex subunits was inhibited, subsequently leading to an increased ADP/ATP ratio and elevated ROS levels. On the other hand, MICU1-MICU2 heterodimerization was impaired, leading to mCa2+ overload. Calpain was activated by mCa2+ and subsequently cleaved AIF for its translocation into the nucleus, ultimately resulting in caspase-independent apoptosis. Interestingly, correction of the AIFM1 variant significantly restored the structure and function of AIF, further improving the physiological state of patient-specific iPSC-derived neurons. This study demonstrates that the AIFM1 variant is one of the molecular bases of ANSD. Mitochondrial dysfunction, especially mCa2+ overload, plays a prominent role in ANSD associated with AIFM1. Our findings help elucidate the mechanism of ANSD and may lead to the provision of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qiu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Senior Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Mingjie Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Huaye Pan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Jing Guan
- Senior Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yangwei Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Zexiao Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Kaiwen Wu
- Senior Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Qianqian Zhuang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Zhaoying Lei
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Xue Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Huajian Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yufei Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Lei Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Aifu Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yong Fu
- The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Qingfeng Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
- Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Qiuju Wang
- Senior Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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He Q, Qu M, Shen T, Su J, Xu Y, Xu C, Barkat MQ, Cai J, Zhu H, Zeng LH, Wu X. Control of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes by protein S-palmitoylation: Novel therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101920. [PMID: 37004843 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) are dynamic coupling structures between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). As a new subcellular structure, MAMs combine the two critical organelle functions. Mitochondria and the ER could regulate each other via MAMs. MAMs are involved in calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis, autophagy, ER stress, lipid metabolism, etc. Researchers have found that MAMs are closely related to metabolic syndrome and neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). The formation of MAMs and their functions depend on specific proteins. Numerous protein enrichments, such as the IP3R-Grp75-VDAC complex, constitute MAMs. The changes in these proteins govern the interaction between mitochondria and the ER; they also affect the biological functions of MAMs. S-palmitoylation is a reversible protein post-translational modification (PTM) that mainly occurs on protein cysteine residues. More and more studies have shown that the S-palmitoylation of proteins is closely related to their membrane localization. Here, we first briefly describe the composition and function of MAMs, reviewing the component and biological roles of MAMs mediated by S-palmitoylation, elaborating on S-palmitoylated proteins in Ca2+ flux, lipid rafts, and so on. We try to provide new insight into the molecular basis of MAMs-related diseases, mainly NDs. Finally, we propose potential drug compounds targeting S-palmitoylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang He
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Pharmacology, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Meiyu Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tingyu Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiakun Su
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Jiangxi Industrial Co. Ltd., Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Yana Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chengyun Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Qasim Barkat
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jibao Cai
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Jiangxi Industrial Co. Ltd., Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Haibin Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ling-Hui Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Ximei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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58
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Liu T, Wang L, Chen G, Tong L, Ye X, Yang H, Liu H, Zhang H, Lu W, Zhang S, Du D. PDZD8-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria associations regulate sympathetic drive and blood pressure through the intervention of neuronal mitochondrial homeostasis in stress-induced hypertension. Neurobiol Dis 2023:106173. [PMID: 37247681 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal hyperexcitation in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) drives heightened sympathetic nerve activity and contributes to the etiology of stress-induced hypertension (SIH). Maintenance of mitochondrial functions is central to neuronal homeostasis. PDZD8, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane protein, tethers ER to mitochondria. However, the mechanisms of PDZD8-mediated ER-mitochondria associations regulating neuronal mitochondrial functions and thereby mediating blood pressure (BP) in the RVLM of SIH were largely unknown. SIH rats were subjected to intermittent electric foot shocks plus noise for 2 h twice daily for 15 consecutive days. The underlying mechanisms of PDZD8 were investigated through in vitro experiments by using small interfering RNA and through in vivo experiments, such as intra-RVLM microinjection and Western blot analysis. The function of PDZD8 on BP regulation in the RVLM was determined in vivo via the intra-RVLM microinjection of adeno-associated virus (AAV)2-r-Pdzd8. We found that the c-Fos-positive RVLM tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) neurons, renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), plasma norepinephrine (NE) level, BP, and heart rate (HR) were elevated in SIH rats. ER-mitochondria associations in RVLM neurons were significantly reduced in SIH rats. PDZD8 was mainly expressed in RVLM neurons, and mRNA and protein levels were markedly decreased in SIH rats. In N2a cells, PDZD8 knockdown disrupted ER-mitochondria associations and mitochondrial structure, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and respiratory metabolism, enhanced ROS levels, and reduced catalase (CAT) activity. These effects suggested that PDZD8 dysregulation induced mitochondrial malfunction. By contrast, PDZD8 upregulation in the RVLM of SIH rats could rescue neuronal mitochondrial function, thereby suppressing c-Fos expression in TH neurons and decreasing RSNA, plasma NE, BP, and HR. Our results indicated that the dysregulation of PDZD8-mediated ER-mitochondria associations led to the loss of the activity homeostasis of RVLM neurons by disrupting mitochondrial functions, thereby participating in the regulation of SIH pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfeng Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; College of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Linping Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; College of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Gaojun Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lei Tong
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xuanxuan Ye
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Haisheng Liu
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze 274000, China
| | - Haili Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze 274000, China
| | - Wen Lu
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze 274000, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- International Cooperation Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
| | - Dongshu Du
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; College of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Shaoxing Institute of Shanghai University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China; College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze 274000, China.
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59
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Chen R, Tang X, Zhao Y, Shen Z, Zhang M, Shen Y, Li T, Chung CHY, Zhang L, Wang J, Cui B, Fei P, Guo Y, Du S, Yao S. Single-frame deep-learning super-resolution microscopy for intracellular dynamics imaging. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2854. [PMID: 37202407 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38452-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) can be used to resolve subcellular structures and achieve a tenfold improvement in spatial resolution compared to that obtained by conventional fluorescence microscopy. However, the separation of single-molecule fluorescence events that requires thousands of frames dramatically increases the image acquisition time and phototoxicity, impeding the observation of instantaneous intracellular dynamics. Here we develop a deep-learning based single-frame super-resolution microscopy (SFSRM) method which utilizes a subpixel edge map and a multicomponent optimization strategy to guide the neural network to reconstruct a super-resolution image from a single frame of a diffraction-limited image. Under a tolerable signal density and an affordable signal-to-noise ratio, SFSRM enables high-fidelity live-cell imaging with spatiotemporal resolutions of 30 nm and 10 ms, allowing for prolonged monitoring of subcellular dynamics such as interplays between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, the vesicle transport along microtubules, and the endosome fusion and fission. Moreover, its adaptability to different microscopes and spectra makes it a useful tool for various imaging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Tang
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhao
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Zeyu Shen
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Yusheng Shen
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Casper Ho Yin Chung
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Binbin Cui
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peng Fei
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Yusong Guo
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Shengwang Du
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
| | - Shuhuai Yao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
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60
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Pham JH, Stankowska DL. Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) and their role in glaucomatous retinal ganglion cell degeneration-a mini review. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1198343. [PMID: 37250427 PMCID: PMC10213334 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1198343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide, commonly associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), leading to degeneration of the optic nerve and death of retinal ganglion cells, the output neurons in the eye. In recent years, many studies have implicated mitochondrial dysfunction as a crucial player in glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Mitochondrial function has been an increasingly researched topic in glaucoma, given its vital role in bioenergetics and propagation of action potentials. One of the most metabolically active tissues in the body characterized by high oxygen consumption is the retina, particularly the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). RGCs, which have long axons that extend from the eyes to the brain, rely heavily on the energy generated by oxidative phosphorylation for signal transduction, rendering them more vulnerable to oxidative damage. In various glaucoma models, mitochondrial dysfunction and stress from protein aggregates in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) have been observed in the RGCs. However, it has been shown that the two organelles are connected through a network called mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs); hence this crosstalk in a pathophysiological condition such as glaucoma should be evaluated. Here, we review the current literature suggestive of mitochondrial and ER stress related to glaucoma, indicating potential cross-signaling and the potential roles of MAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H. Pham
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Dorota L. Stankowska
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
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61
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Garcia-Casas P, Rossini M, Filadi R, Pizzo P. Mitochondrial Ca 2+ signaling and Alzheimer's disease: Too much or too little? Cell Calcium 2023; 113:102757. [PMID: 37192560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease, caused by poorly known pathogenic mechanisms and aggravated by delayed therapeutic intervention, that still lacks an effective cure. However, it is clear that some important neurophysiological processes are altered years before the onset of clinical symptoms, offering the possibility of identifying biological targets useful for implementation of new therapies. Of note, evidence has been provided suggesting that mitochondria, pivotal organelles in sustaining neuronal energy demand and modulating synaptic activity, are dysfunctional in AD samples. In particular, alterations in mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling have been proposed as causal events for neurodegeneration, although the exact outcomes and molecular mechanisms of these defects, as well as their longitudinal progression, are not always clear. Here, we discuss the importance of a correct mitochondrial Ca2+ handling for neuronal physiology and summarize the latest findings on dysfunctional mitochondrial Ca2+ pathways in AD, analysing possible consequences contributing to the neurodegeneration that characterizes the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Garcia-Casas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Michela Rossini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Riccardo Filadi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy; Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy.
| | - Paola Pizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy; Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy; Study Centre for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy.
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62
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Zhao Y, Gao C, Pan X, Lei K. Emerging roles of mitochondria in animal regeneration. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 12:14. [PMID: 37142814 PMCID: PMC10160293 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-023-00158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The regeneration capacity after an injury is critical to the survival of living organisms. In animals, regeneration ability can be classified into five primary types: cellular, tissue, organ, structure, and whole-body regeneration. Multiple organelles and signaling pathways are involved in the processes of initiation, progression, and completion of regeneration. Mitochondria, as intracellular signaling platforms of pleiotropic functions in animals, have recently gained attention in animal regeneration. However, most studies to date have focused on cellular and tissue regeneration. A mechanistic understanding of the mitochondrial role in large-scale regeneration is unclear. Here, we reviewed findings related to mitochondrial involvement in animal regeneration. We outlined the evidence of mitochondrial dynamics across different animal models. Moreover, we emphasized the impact of defects and perturbation in mitochondria resulting in regeneration failure. Ultimately, we discussed the regulation of aging by mitochondria in animal regeneration and recommended this for future study. We hope this review will serve as a means to advocate for more mechanistic studies of mitochondria related to animal regeneration on different scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhao
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Gao
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Pan
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai Lei
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China.
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China.
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63
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de Ridder I, Kerkhofs M, Lemos FO, Loncke J, Bultynck G, Parys JB. The ER-mitochondria interface, where Ca 2+ and cell death meet. Cell Calcium 2023; 112:102743. [PMID: 37126911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria contact sites are crucial to allow Ca2+ flux between them and a plethora of proteins participate in tethering both organelles together. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) play a pivotal role at such contact sites, participating in both ER-mitochondria tethering and as Ca2+-transport system that delivers Ca2+ from the ER towards mitochondria. At the ER-mitochondria contact sites, the IP3Rs function as a multi-protein complex linked to the voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) in the outer mitochondrial membrane, via the chaperone glucose-regulated protein 75 (GRP75). This IP3R-GRP75-VDAC1 complex supports the efficient transfer of Ca2+ from the ER into the mitochondrial intermembrane space, from which the Ca2+ ions can reach the mitochondrial matrix through the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. Under physiological conditions, basal Ca2+ oscillations deliver Ca2+ to the mitochondrial matrix, thereby stimulating mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. However, when mitochondrial Ca2+ overload occurs, the increase in [Ca2+] will induce the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, thereby provoking cell death. The IP3R-GRP75-VDAC1 complex forms a hub for several other proteins that stabilize the complex and/or regulate the complex's ability to channel Ca2+ into the mitochondria. These proteins and their mechanisms of action are discussed in the present review with special attention for their role in pathological conditions and potential implication for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian de Ridder
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Martijn Kerkhofs
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Fernanda O Lemos
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Jens Loncke
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium.
| | - Jan B Parys
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium.
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Ramezani M, Wagenknecht-Wiesner A, Wang T, Holowka DA, Eliezer D, Baird BA. Alpha Synuclein Modulates Mitochondrial Ca 2+ Uptake from ER During Cell Stimulation and Under Stress Conditions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.23.537965. [PMID: 37163091 PMCID: PMC10168219 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.23.537965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Alpha synuclein (a-syn) is an intrinsically disordered protein prevalent in neurons, and aggregated forms are associated with synucleinopathies including Parkinson' disease (PD). Despite the biomedical importance and extensive studies, the physiological role of a-syn and its participation in etiology of PD remain uncertain. We showed previously in model RBL cells that a-syn colocalizes with mitochondrial membranes, depending on formation of N-terminal helices and increasing with mitochondrial stress. 1 We have now characterized this colocalization and functional correlates in RBL, HEK293, and N2a cells. We find that expression of a-syn enhances stimulated mitochondrial uptake of Ca 2+ from the ER, depending on formation of its N-terminal helices but not on its disordered C-terminal tail. Our results are consistent with a-syn acting as a tether between mitochondria and ER, and we show increased contacts between these two organelles using structured illumination microscopy. We tested mitochondrial stress caused by toxins related to PD, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP/MPP+) and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP), and found that a-syn prevents recovery of stimulated mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake. The C-terminal tail, and not N-terminal helices, is involved in this inhibitory activity, which is abrogated when phosphorylation site serine-129 is mutated (S129A). Correspondingly, we find that MPTP/MPP+ and CCCP stress is accompanied by both phosphorylation (pS129) and aggregation of a-syn. Overall, our results indicate that a-syn can participate as a tethering protein to modulate Ca 2+ flux between ER and mitochondria, with potential physiological significance. A-syn can also prevent cellular recovery from toxin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, which may represent a pathological role of a-syn in the etiology of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meraj Ramezani
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | | | - Tong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - David A. Holowka
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - David Eliezer
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Barbara A. Baird
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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65
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Tassone A, Meringolo M, Ponterio G, Bonsi P, Schirinzi T, Martella G. Mitochondrial Bioenergy in Neurodegenerative Disease: Huntington and Parkinson. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087221. [PMID: 37108382 PMCID: PMC10138549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Strong evidence suggests a correlation between degeneration and mitochondrial deficiency. Typical cases of degeneration can be observed in physiological phenomena (i.e., ageing) as well as in neurological neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. All these pathologies have the dyshomeostasis of mitochondrial bioenergy as a common denominator. Neurodegenerative diseases show bioenergetic imbalances in their pathogenesis or progression. Huntington's chorea and Parkinson's disease are both neurodegenerative diseases, but while Huntington's disease is genetic and progressive with early manifestation and severe penetrance, Parkinson's disease is a pathology with multifactorial aspects. Indeed, there are different types of Parkinson/Parkinsonism. Many forms are early-onset diseases linked to gene mutations, while others could be idiopathic, appear in young adults, or be post-injury senescence conditions. Although Huntington's is defined as a hyperkinetic disorder, Parkinson's is a hypokinetic disorder. However, they both share a lot of similarities, such as neuronal excitability, the loss of striatal function, psychiatric comorbidity, etc. In this review, we will describe the start and development of both diseases in relation to mitochondrial dysfunction. These dysfunctions act on energy metabolism and reduce the vitality of neurons in many different brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Tassone
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Meringolo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Ponterio
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Bonsi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Schirinzi
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Martella
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
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66
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Overduin M, Kervin TA, Klarenbach Z, Adra TRC, Bhat RK. Comprehensive classification of proteins based on structures that engage lipids by COMPOSEL. Biophys Chem 2023; 295:106971. [PMID: 36801589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.106971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Structures can now be predicted for any protein using programs like AlphaFold and Rosetta, which rely on a foundation of experimentally determined structures of architecturally diverse proteins. The accuracy of such artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) approaches benefits from the specification of restraints which assist in navigating the universe of folds to converge on models most representative of a given protein's physiological structure. This is especially pertinent for membrane proteins, with structures and functions that depend on their presence in lipid bilayers. Structures of proteins in their membrane environments could conceivably be predicted from AI/ML approaches with user-specificized parameters that describe each element of the architecture of a membrane protein accompanied by its lipid environment. We propose the Classification Of Membrane Proteins based On Structures Engaging Lipids (COMPOSEL), which builds on existing nomenclature types for monotopic, bitopic, polytopic and peripheral membrane proteins as well as lipids. Functional and regulatory elements are also defined in the scripts, as shown with membrane fusing synaptotagmins, multidomain PDZD8 and Protrudin proteins that recognize phosphoinositide (PI) lipids, the intrinsically disordered MARCKS protein, caveolins, the β barrel assembly machine (BAM), an adhesion G-protein coupled receptor (aGPCR) and two lipid modifying enzymes - diacylglycerol kinase DGKε and fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase FALDH. This demonstrates how COMPOSEL communicates lipid interactivity as well as signaling mechanisms and binding of metabolites, drug molecules, polypeptides or nucleic acids to describe the operations of any protein. Moreover COMPOSEL can be scaled to express how genomes encode membrane structures and how our organs are infiltrated by pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Overduin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Troy A Kervin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Trixie Rae C Adra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rakesh K Bhat
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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67
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Watanabe S, Horiuchi M, Murata Y, Komine O, Kawade N, Sobue A, Yamanaka K. Sigma-1 receptor maintains ATAD3A as a monomer to inhibit mitochondrial fragmentation at the mitochondria-associated membrane in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 179:106031. [PMID: 36736924 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Organelle contact sites are multifunctional platforms for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Alternations of the mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM), one of the organelle contact sites where the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is tethered to the mitochondria, have been involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the detailed mechanisms through which MAM integrity is disrupted in ALS have not been fully elucidated. Here, we examined whether AAA ATPase domain-containing protein 3A (ATAD3A), a mitochondrial membrane AAA ATPase accumulating at the MAM, is involved in ALS. We found that sigma-1 receptor (σ1R), an ER-resident MAM protein causative for inherited juvenile ALS, required ATAD3A to maintain the MAM. In addition, σ1R retained ATAD3A as a monomer, which is associated with an inhibition of mitochondrial fragmentation. ATAD3A dimerization and mitochondrial fragmentation were significantly induced in σ1R-deficient or SOD1-linked ALS mouse spinal cords. Overall, these observations indicate that MAM induction by σ1R depends on ATAD3A and that σ1R maintains ATAD3A as a monomer to inhibit mitochondrial fragmentation. Our findings suggest that targeting σ1R-ATAD3A axis would be promising for a novel therapeutic strategy to treat mitochondrial dysfunction in neurological disorders, including ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Watanabe
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mai Horiuchi
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuri Murata
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Okiru Komine
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Noe Kawade
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akira Sobue
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Medical Interactive Research and Academia Industry Collaboration Center, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Koji Yamanaka
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan; Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Gifu University Institute for Advanced Study, Japan.
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68
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Wang Y, Li Z, Wang X, Zhao Z, Jiao L, Liu R, Wang K, Ma R, Yang Y, Chen G, Wang Y, Bian X. Insights into membrane association of the SMP domain of extended synaptotagmin. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1504. [PMID: 36932127 PMCID: PMC10023780 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37202-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Synaptotagmin-like Mitochondrial-lipid-binding Protein (SMP) domain is a newly identified lipid transfer module present in proteins that regulate lipid homeostasis at membrane contact sites (MCSs). However, how the SMP domain associates with the membrane to extract and unload lipids is unclear. Here, we performed in vitro DNA brick-assisted lipid transfer assays and in silico molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the molecular basis of the membrane association by the SMP domain of extended synaptotagmin (E-Syt), which tethers the tubular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the plasma membrane (PM). We demonstrate that the SMP domain uses its tip region to recognize the extremely curved subdomain of tubular ER and the acidic-lipid-enriched PM for highly efficient lipid transfer. Supporting these findings, disruption of these mechanisms results in a defect in autophagosome biogenesis contributed by E-Syt. Our results suggest a model that provides a coherent picture of the action of the SMP domain at MCSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenni Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziyuan Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Jiao
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruming Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Keying Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Ma
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- The Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base on Engineering Biology, International Campus of Zhejiang University, Haining, China.
| | - Xin Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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69
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Metabolic landscape in cardiac aging: insights into molecular biology and therapeutic implications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:114. [PMID: 36918543 PMCID: PMC10015017 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac aging is evident by a reduction in function which subsequently contributes to heart failure. The metabolic microenvironment has been identified as a hallmark of malignancy, but recent studies have shed light on its role in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Various metabolic pathways in cardiomyocytes and noncardiomyocytes determine cellular senescence in the aging heart. Metabolic alteration is a common process throughout cardiac degeneration. Importantly, the involvement of cellular senescence in cardiac injuries, including heart failure and myocardial ischemia and infarction, has been reported. However, metabolic complexity among human aging hearts hinders the development of strategies that targets metabolic susceptibility. Advances over the past decade have linked cellular senescence and function with their metabolic reprogramming pathway in cardiac aging, including autophagy, oxidative stress, epigenetic modifications, chronic inflammation, and myocyte systolic phenotype regulation. In addition, metabolic status is involved in crucial aspects of myocardial biology, from fibrosis to hypertrophy and chronic inflammation. However, further elucidation of the metabolism involvement in cardiac degeneration is still needed. Thus, deciphering the mechanisms underlying how metabolic reprogramming impacts cardiac aging is thought to contribute to the novel interventions to protect or even restore cardiac function in aging hearts. Here, we summarize emerging concepts about metabolic landscapes of cardiac aging, with specific focuses on why metabolic profile alters during cardiac degeneration and how we could utilize the current knowledge to improve the management of cardiac aging.
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70
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Jeyarajan S, Zhang IX, Arvan P, Lentz SI, Satin LS. Simultaneous Measurement of Changes in Mitochondrial and Endoplasmic Reticulum Free Calcium in Pancreatic Beta Cells. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:382. [PMID: 36979594 PMCID: PMC10046164 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The free calcium (Ca2+) levels in pancreatic beta cell organelles have been the subject of many recent investigations. Under pathophysiological conditions, disturbances in these pools have been linked to altered intracellular communication and cellular dysfunction. To facilitate studies of subcellular Ca2+ signaling in beta cells and, particularly, signaling between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, we designed a novel dual Ca2+ sensor which we termed DS-1. DS-1 encodes two stoichiometrically fluorescent proteins within a single plasmid, G-CEPIA-er, targeted to the ER and R-CEPIA3-mt, targeted to mitochondria. Our goal was to simultaneously measure the ER and mitochondrial Ca2+ in cells in real time. The Kds of G-CEPIA-er and R-CEPIA3-mt for Ca2+ are 672 and 3.7 μM, respectively. Confocal imaging of insulin-secreting INS-1 832/13 expressing DS-1 confirmed that the green and red fluorophores correctly colocalized with organelle-specific fluorescent markers as predicted. Further, we tested whether DS-1 exhibited the functional properties expected by challenging an INS-1 cell to glucose concentrations or drugs having well-documented effects on the ER and mitochondrial Ca2+ handling. The data obtained were consistent with those seen using other single organelle targeted probes. These results taken together suggest that DS-1 is a promising new approach for investigating Ca2+ signaling within multiple organelles of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Jeyarajan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; (S.J.)
| | - Irina X Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; (S.J.)
| | - Peter Arvan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Stephen I. Lentz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Leslie S. Satin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; (S.J.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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71
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Salmon CK, Syed TA, Kacerovsky JB, Alivodej N, Schober AL, Sloan TFW, Pratte MT, Rosen MP, Green M, Chirgwin-Dasgupta A, Mehta S, Jilani A, Wang Y, Vali H, Mandato CA, Siddiqi K, Murai KK. Organizing principles of astrocytic nanoarchitecture in the mouse cerebral cortex. Curr Biol 2023; 33:957-972.e5. [PMID: 36805126 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are increasingly understood to be important regulators of central nervous system (CNS) function in health and disease; yet, we have little quantitative understanding of their complex architecture. While broad categories of astrocytic structures are known, the discrete building blocks that compose them, along with their geometry and organizing principles, are poorly understood. Quantitative investigation of astrocytic complexity is impeded by the absence of high-resolution datasets and robust computational approaches to analyze these intricate cells. To address this, we produced four ultra-high-resolution datasets of mouse cerebral cortex using serial electron microscopy and developed astrocyte-tailored computer vision methods for accurate structural analysis. We unearthed specific anatomical building blocks, structural motifs, connectivity hubs, and hierarchical organizations of astrocytes. Furthermore, we found that astrocytes interact with discrete clusters of synapses and that astrocytic mitochondria are distributed to lie closer to larger clusters of synapses. Our findings provide a geometrically principled, quantitative understanding of astrocytic nanoarchitecture and point to an unexpected level of complexity in how astrocytes interact with CNS microanatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K Salmon
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Tabish A Syed
- School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University, 3480 Rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada; MILA - Québec AI Institute, 6666 Rue Saint-Urbain, Montreal, QC H2S 3H1, Canada
| | - J Benjamin Kacerovsky
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Nensi Alivodej
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Alexandra L Schober
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | | | - Michael T Pratte
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Michael P Rosen
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Miranda Green
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Adario Chirgwin-Dasgupta
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Shaurya Mehta
- School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University, 3480 Rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada
| | - Affan Jilani
- School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University, 3480 Rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada
| | - Yanan Wang
- School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University, 3480 Rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada
| | - Hojatollah Vali
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, McGill University, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Craig A Mandato
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, McGill University, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Kaleem Siddiqi
- School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University, 3480 Rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada; MILA - Québec AI Institute, 6666 Rue Saint-Urbain, Montreal, QC H2S 3H1, Canada.
| | - Keith K Murai
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada.
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72
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New discoveries in ER-mitochondria communication. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:571-577. [PMID: 36892405 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
The study of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria communication is a vast and expanding field with many novel developments in the past few years. In this mini-review, we focus on several recent publications that identify novel functions of tether complexes, in particular autophagy regulation and lipid droplet biogenesis. We review novel findings that shed light on the role of triple contacts between ER and mitochondria with peroxisomes or lipid droplets as the third player. We also summarize recent findings on the role of ER-mitochondria contacts in human neurodegenerative diseases, which implicate either enhanced or reduced ER-mitochondria contacts in neurodegeneration. Taken together, the discussed studies highlight the need for further research into the role of triple organelle contacts, as well as into the exact mechanisms of increased and decreased ER-mitochondria contacts in neurodegeneration.
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73
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Sassano ML, van Vliet AR, Vervoort E, Van Eygen S, Van den Haute C, Pavie B, Roels J, Swinnen JV, Spinazzi M, Moens L, Casteels K, Meyts I, Pinton P, Marchi S, Rochin L, Giordano F, Felipe-Abrio B, Agostinis P. PERK recruits E-Syt1 at ER-mitochondria contacts for mitochondrial lipid transport and respiration. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:213891. [PMID: 36821088 PMCID: PMC9998969 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202206008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The integrity of ER-mitochondria appositions ensures transfer of ions and phospholipids (PLs) between these organelles and exerts crucial effects on mitochondrial bioenergetics. Malfunctions within the ER-mitochondria contacts altering lipid trafficking homeostasis manifest in diverse pathologies, but the molecular effectors governing this process remain ill-defined. Here, we report that PERK promotes lipid trafficking at the ER-mitochondria contact sites (EMCS) through a non-conventional, unfolded protein response-independent, mechanism. PERK operates as an adaptor for the recruitment of the ER-plasma membrane tether and lipid transfer protein (LTP) Extended-Synaptotagmin 1 (E-Syt1), within the EMCS. In resting cells, the heterotypic E-Syt1-PERK interaction endorses transfer of PLs between the ER and mitochondria. Weakening the E-Syt1-PERK interaction or removing the lipid transfer SMP-domain of E-Syt1, compromises mitochondrial respiration. Our findings unravel E-Syt1 as a PERK interacting LTP and molecular component of the lipid trafficking machinery of the EMCS, which critically maintains mitochondrial homeostasis and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Livia Sassano
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven , Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Cancer Biology , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexander R van Vliet
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ellen Vervoort
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven , Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Cancer Biology , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Van Eygen
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven , Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Cancer Biology , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Research Group for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neuroscience, Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Joris Roels
- VIB-bioimaging Center UGent , Ghent, Belgium.,Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay , Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Johannes V Swinnen
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marco Spinazzi
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, CHU Angers , Angers, France
| | - Leen Moens
- Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristina Casteels
- Woman and Child, Department for Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Meyts
- Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara, Italy
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University , Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | - Blanca Felipe-Abrio
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven , Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Cancer Biology , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven , Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Cancer Biology , Leuven, Belgium
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74
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Han Y, Tan T, Li Z, Ma Z, Lan G, Liang J, Li K, Bai L. Identification of Selection Signatures and Loci Associated with Important Economic Traits in Yunan Black and Huainan Pigs. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030655. [PMID: 36980926 PMCID: PMC10048629 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Henan Province is located in central China and rich in domestic pig populations; Huainan (HN) pigs are one of three Henan indigenous breeds with great performance, including early maturation, strong disease resistance and high meat quality. Yunan (YN) black pigs are a typical, newly cultivated breed, synthesized between HN pigs and American Duroc, and are subjected to selection for important traits, such as fast growth and excellent meat quality. However, the genomic differences, selection signatures and loci associated with important economic traits in YN black pigs and HN pigs are still not well understood. In this study, based on high-density SNP chip analysis of 159 samples covering commercial DLY (Duroc × Landrace × Large White) pigs, HN pigs and YN black pigs, we performed a comprehensive analysis of phylogenetic relationships and genetic diversity among the three breeds. Furthermore, we used composite likelihood ratio tests (CLR) and F-statistics (Fst) to identify specific signatures of selection associated with important economic traits and potential candidate genes. We found 147 selected regions (top 1%) harboring 90 genes based on genetic differentiation (Fst) in the YN-DLY group. In the HN-DLY group, 169 selected regions harbored 58 genes. In the YN-HN group, 179 selected regions harbored 77 genes. In addition, the QTLs database with the most overlapping regions was associated with triglyceride level, number of mummified pigs, hemoglobin and loin muscle depth for YN black pigs, litter size and intramuscular fat content for HN pigs, and humerus length, linolenic acid content and feed conversion ratio mainly in DLY pigs. Of note, overlapping 14 tissue-specific promoters’ annotation with the top Fst 1% selective regions systematically demonstrated the muscle-specific and hypothalamus-specific regulatory elements in YN black pigs. Taken together, these results contribute to an accurate knowledge of crossbreeding, thus benefitting the evaluation of production performance and improving the genome-assisted breeding of other important indigenous pig in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachun Han
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Tao Tan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Zixin Li
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530003, China
| | - Zheng Ma
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Ganqiu Lan
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530003, China
| | - Jing Liang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530003, China
| | - Kui Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Lijing Bai
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-0755-2325-0160
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75
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Ling M, Tang C, Yang X, Yu N, Song Y, Ding W, Sun Y, Yan R, Wang S, Li X, Gao H, Zhang Z, Xing Y. Integrated metabolomics and phosphoproteomics reveal the protective role of exosomes from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in naturally aging mouse livers. Exp Cell Res 2023; 427:113566. [PMID: 37004949 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is characterized by a general decline in cellular function, which ultimately affects whole body homeostasis. This study aimed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSC-exos) on the livers of naturally aging mice. METHOD Twenty-two-month-old C57BL6 mice were used as a natural aging animal model, divided into a saline-treated wild-type aged control group (WT-AC) and a hUCMSC-exo-treated group (WT-AEX), and then detected by morphology, metabolomics and phosphoproteomics. RESULTS Morphological analysis showed that hUCMSC-exos ameliorated structural disorder and decreased markers of senescence and genome instability in aging livers. Metabolomics showed that hUCMSC-exos decreased the contents of saturated glycerophospholipids, palmitoyl-glycerols and eicosanoid derivatives associated with lipotoxicity and inflammation, consistent with the decreased phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, such as propionate-CoA ligase (Acss2), at S267 detected by phosphoproteomics. Moreover, phosphoproteomics indicated that hUCMSC-exos reduced the phosphorylation of proteins participating in nuclear transport and cancer signaling, such as heat shock protein HSP90-beta (Hsp90ab1) at S226 and nucleoprotein TPR (Tpr) at S453 and S379, while increasing those involved in intracellular communication, such as calnexin (Canx) at S563 and PDZ domain-containing protein 8 (Pdzd8). Finally, phosphorylated HSP90β and Tpr were verified predominantly in hepatocytes. CONCLUSION HUCMSC-exos improved metabolic reprogramming and genome stability mainly associated with phosphorylated HSP90β in hepatocytes in natural aging livers. This work provides a comprehensive resource of biological data by omics to support future investigations of hUCMSC-exos in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingying Ling
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Congmin Tang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xuechun Yang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Na Yu
- Shandong Precision Medicine Engineering Laboratory of Bacterial Anti-tumor Drugs, 250101, Jinan, Shandong, China; College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yiping Song
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjing Ding
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rong Yan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Shandong Precision Medicine Engineering Laboratory of Bacterial Anti-tumor Drugs, 250101, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xuehui Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haiqing Gao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanqiu Xing
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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76
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Stacpoole PW, McCall CE. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex: Life's essential, vulnerable and druggable energy homeostat. Mitochondrion 2023; 70:59-102. [PMID: 36863425 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Found in all organisms, pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes (PDC) are the keystones of prokaryotic and eukaryotic energy metabolism. In eukaryotic organisms these multi-component megacomplexes provide a crucial mechanistic link between cytoplasmic glycolysis and the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. As a consequence, PDCs also influence the metabolism of branched chain amino acids, lipids and, ultimately, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). PDC activity is an essential determinant of the metabolic and bioenergetic flexibility of metazoan organisms in adapting to changes in development, nutrient availability and various stresses that challenge maintenance of homeostasis. This canonical role of the PDC has been extensively probed over the past decades by multidisciplinary investigations into its causal association with diverse physiological and pathological conditions, the latter making the PDC an increasingly viable therapeutic target. Here we review the biology of the remarkable PDC and its emerging importance in the pathobiology and treatment of diverse congenital and acquired disorders of metabolic integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Stacpoole
- Department of Medicine (Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Charles E McCall
- Department of Internal Medicine and Translational Sciences, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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77
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Hu Z, Shi S, Ou Y, Hu F, Long D. Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes: A promising toxicity regulation target. Acta Histochem 2023; 125:152000. [PMID: 36696877 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) are dynamic suborganelle membranes that physically couple endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria to provide a platform for exchange of intracellular molecules and crosstalk between the two organelles. Dysfunctions of mitochondria and ER and imbalance of intracellular homeostasis have been discovered in the research of toxics. Cellular activities such as oxidative stress, ER stress, Ca2+ transport, autophagy, mitochondrial fusion and fission, and apoptosis mediated by MAMs are closely related to the toxicological effects of various toxicants. These cellular activities mediated by MAMs crosstalk with each other. Regulating the structure and function of MAMs can alleviate the damage caused by toxicants to some extent. In this review, we discuss the relationships between MAMs and the mechanisms of toxicological effects, and highlight MAMs as a potential target for protection against toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Hu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Shengyuan Shi
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Yiquan Ou
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Fangyan Hu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Dingxin Long
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China.
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78
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Collier JJ, Oláhová M, McWilliams TG, Taylor RW. Mitochondrial signalling and homeostasis: from cell biology to neurological disease. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:137-152. [PMID: 36635110 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to understand how mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to neurodegeneration have primarily focussed on the role of mitochondria in neuronal energy metabolism. However, progress in understanding the etiological nature of emerging mitochondrial functions has yielded new ideas about the mitochondrial basis of neurological disease. Studies aimed at deciphering how mitochondria signal through interorganellar contacts, vesicular trafficking, and metabolic transmission have revealed that mitochondrial regulation of immunometabolism, cell death, organelle dynamics, and neuroimmune interplay are critical determinants of neural health. Moreover, the homeostatic mechanisms that exist to protect mitochondrial health through turnover via nanoscale proteostasis and lysosomal degradation have become integrated within mitochondrial signalling pathways to support metabolic plasticity and stress responses in the nervous system. This review highlights how these distinct mitochondrial pathways converge to influence neurological health and contribute to disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack J Collier
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Monika Oláhová
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Thomas G McWilliams
- Translational Stem Cell Biology & Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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79
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Kurihara Y, Mitsunari K, Mukae N, Shoji H, Miyakawa T, Shirane M. PDZD8-deficient mice manifest behavioral abnormalities related to emotion, cognition, and adaptation due to dyslipidemia in the brain. Mol Brain 2023; 16:11. [PMID: 36658656 PMCID: PMC9854033 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-023-01002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although dyslipidemia in the brain has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, the molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis have been largely unclear. PDZD8 is a lipid transfer protein and mice deficient in PDZD8 (PDZD8-KO mice) manifest abnormal accumulation of cholesteryl esters (CEs) in the brain due to impaired lipophagy, the degradation system of lipid droplets. Here we show the detailed mechanism of PDZD8-dependent lipophagy. PDZD8 transports cholesterol to lipid droplets (LDs), and eventually promotes fusion of LDs and lysosomes. In addition, PDZD8-KO mice exhibit growth retardation, hyperactivity, reduced anxiety and fear, increased sensorimotor gating, and impaired cued fear conditioned memory and working memory. These results indicate that abnormal CE accumulation in the brain caused by PDZD8 deficiency affects emotion, cognition and adaptive behavior, and that PDZD8 plays an important role in the maintenance of brain function through lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Kurihara
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Kotone Mitsunari
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Nagi Mukae
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Hirotaka Shoji
- grid.256115.40000 0004 1761 798XDivision of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- grid.256115.40000 0004 1761 798XDivision of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi Japan
| | - Michiko Shirane
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
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80
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Molecular machinery regulating organelle dynamics during axon growth and guidance. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 133:3-9. [PMID: 35227625 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Axon growth and guidance in the developing nervous system rely on intracellular membrane dynamics that involve endosome maturation and transport, as well as its regulated tethering to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Recent studies have identified several key molecules, such as protrudin, which plays a dynamic role at membrane contact sites between the ER and endosomes/lysosomes, and myosin Va, which acts as a sensor for ER-derived Ca2+ that triggers peri-ER membrane export. These molecules form different types of multiprotein complexes at the interface of organelles and, in response to their surrounding microenvironments, such as Ca2+ concentrations and lipid contents, regulate the directional movement of endosomal vesicles in extending axons. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms underlying membrane dynamics and inter-organelle interactions during neuronal morphogenesis.
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81
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Chakraborty N, Jain BK, Shembekar S, Bhattacharyya D. ER exit sites (ERES) and ER-mitochondria encounter structures (ERMES) often localize proximally. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:320-336. [PMID: 36103135 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
To understand the potential interplay between vesicular trafficking and direct membrane contact sites-mediated transport, we selected the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which participates in both modes of inter-organelle transport. ER-mitochondria encounter structures (ERMES) are direct membrane contact junctions that mediate macromolecule exchange, while the secretory pathway originates at ER exit sites (ERES). Using the budding yeast Pichia pastoris, we documented that ERMES resident proteins are often juxtaposed with ERES markers. We further demonstrated that ERES form de novo almost always near a pre-existing ERMES. Disruption of either ERES or ERMES affects the other. Djp1, a chaperone reported to mediate mitochondrial import of ER-resident proteins, localizes at the ERES-ERMES proximal region. Our results indicate a potential functional link between ERES-ERMES proximity and mitochondrial protein import.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naini Chakraborty
- Department of Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC) Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Bhawik Kumar Jain
- Department of Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC) Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Samruddhi Shembekar
- Department of Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC) Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Dibyendu Bhattacharyya
- Department of Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC) Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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82
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Bamshad C, Najafi-Ghalehlou N, Pourmohammadi-Bejarpasi Z, Tomita K, Kuwahara Y, Sato T, Feizkhah A, Roushnadeh AM, Roudkenar MH. Mitochondria: how eminent in ageing and neurodegenerative disorders? Hum Cell 2023; 36:41-61. [PMID: 36445534 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00833-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Numerous factors are implicated in the onset and progression of ageing and neurodegenerative disorders, with defects in cell energy supply and free radicals regulation designated as being the main functions of mitochondria and highly accentuated in plentiful studies. Hence, analysing the role of mitochondria as one of the main factors implicated in these disorders could undoubtedly come in handy with respect to disease prevention and treatment. In this review, first, we will explore how mitochondria account for neurodegenerative disorders and ageing and later will draw the various pathways contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction in their distinct way. Also, we will discuss the deviation-countering mechanisms, particularly mitophagy, a subset of autophagy known as a much larger cellular defence mechanism and regulatory system, along with its potential therapeutic effects. Last but not least, we will be highlighting the mitochondrial transfer experiments with animal models of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Bamshad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Nima Najafi-Ghalehlou
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Pourmohammadi-Bejarpasi
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Velayat Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Kazuo Tomita
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kuwahara
- Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sato
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Alireza Feizkhah
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Velayat Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Amaneh Mohammadi Roushnadeh
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Velayat Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Velayat Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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83
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Enrich C, Lu A, Tebar F, Rentero C, Grewal T. Ca 2+ and Annexins - Emerging Players for Sensing and Transferring Cholesterol and Phosphoinositides via Membrane Contact Sites. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1422:393-438. [PMID: 36988890 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21547-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining lipid composition diversity in membranes from different organelles is critical for numerous cellular processes. However, many lipids are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and require delivery to other organelles. In this scenario, formation of membrane contact sites (MCS) between neighbouring organelles has emerged as a novel non-vesicular lipid transport mechanism. Dissecting the molecular composition of MCS identified phosphoinositides (PIs), cholesterol, scaffolding/tethering proteins as well as Ca2+ and Ca2+-binding proteins contributing to MCS functioning. Compelling evidence now exists for the shuttling of PIs and cholesterol across MCS, affecting their concentrations in distinct membrane domains and diverse roles in membrane trafficking. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) at the plasma membrane (PM) not only controls endo-/exocytic membrane dynamics but is also critical in autophagy. Cholesterol is highly concentrated at the PM and enriched in recycling endosomes and Golgi membranes. MCS-mediated cholesterol transfer is intensely researched, identifying MCS dysfunction or altered MCS partnerships to correlate with de-regulated cellular cholesterol homeostasis and pathologies. Annexins, a conserved family of Ca2+-dependent phospholipid binding proteins, contribute to tethering and untethering events at MCS. In this chapter, we will discuss how Ca2+ homeostasis and annexins in the endocytic compartment affect the sensing and transfer of cholesterol and PIs across MCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Enrich
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel⋅lular, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Albert Lu
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel⋅lular, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Tebar
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel⋅lular, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Rentero
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel⋅lular, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Grewal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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84
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Physiological roles of organelles at the pre-synapse in neurons. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 154:106345. [PMID: 36521722 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes are involved in different pathways that can regulate pre-synaptic function. In particular, they could modulate ATP availability in response to rapid changes, could control synaptic protein levels and adjust Ca2+ signalling, which could all impact on neuronal activity. Organelles functions in these processes need to be considered alone when describing the impact of pre-synaptic organelles on neurotransmission. However, the interplay among organelles, which occurs either via signalling pathways or through physical membranous contacts, has to be considered. In this brief review, the physiological role of organelles localized at the pre-synapse in neuronal function is discussed.
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85
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Angeloni C, Malaguti M, Prata C, Freschi M, Barbalace MC, Hrelia S. Mechanisms Underlying Neurodegenerative Disorders and Potential Neuroprotective Activity of Agrifood By-Products. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010094. [PMID: 36670956 PMCID: PMC9854890 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by progressive loss in selected areas of the nervous system, are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide due to an aging population. Despite their diverse clinical manifestations, neurodegenerative diseases are multifactorial disorders with standard features and mechanisms such as abnormal protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation. As there are no effective treatments to counteract neurodegenerative diseases, increasing interest has been directed to the potential neuroprotective activities of plant-derived compounds found abundantly in food and in agrifood by-products. Food waste has an extremely negative impact on the environment, and recycling is needed to promote their disposal and overcome this problem. Many studies have been carried out to develop green and effective strategies to extract bioactive compounds from food by-products, such as peel, leaves, seeds, bran, kernel, pomace, and oil cake, and to investigate their biological activity. In this review, we focused on the potential neuroprotective activity of agrifood wastes obtained by common products widely produced and consumed in Italy, such as grapes, coffee, tomatoes, olives, chestnuts, onions, apples, and pomegranates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Angeloni
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Marco Malaguti
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Cecilia Prata
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Michela Freschi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Barbalace
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
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86
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Nagashima S, Ito N, Shiiba I, Shimura H, Yanagi S. Ubiquitin-mediated mitochondrial regulation by MITOL/MARCHF5 at a glance. J Biochem 2022; 173:1-11. [PMID: 36346121 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvac092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, such as energy production, inflammatory responses and cell death. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with many age-related diseases, including neurological disorders and heart failure. Mitochondrial quality is strictly maintained by mitochondrial dynamics linked to an adequate supply of phospholipids and other substances from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The outer mitochondrial membrane-localized E3 ubiquitin ligase MITOL/MARCHF5 is responsible for mitochondrial quality control through the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics, formation of mitochondria-ER contacts and mitophagy. MITOL deficiency has been shown to impair mitochondrial function, cause an excessive inflammatory response and increase vulnerability to stress, resulting in the exacerbation of the disease. In this study, we overview the ubiquitin-mediated regulation of mitochondrial function by MITOL and the relationship between MITOL and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Nagashima
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Naoki Ito
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
| | - Isshin Shiiba
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shimura
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yanagi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
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87
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Li M, Tang H, Li Z, Tang W. Emerging Treatment Strategies for Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Neuroscience 2022; 507:112-124. [PMID: 36341725 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CI/RI) injury is a common feature of ischemic stroke which occurs when the blood supply is restored after a period of ischemia in the brain. Reduced blood-flow to the brain during CI/RI compromises neuronal cell health as a result of mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, cytokine production, inflammation and tissue damage. Reperfusion therapy during CI/RI can restore the blood flow to ischemic regions of brain which are not yet infarcted. The long-term goal of CI/RI therapy is to reduce stroke-related neuronal cell death, disability and mortality. A range of drug and interventional therapies have emerged that can alleviate CI/RI mediated oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in the brain. Herein, we review recent studies on CI/RI interventions for which a mechanism of action has been described and the potential of these therapeutic modalities for future use in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxing Li
- College of Acupuncture and Massage (Rehabilitation Medical College), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Heyong Tang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (School of Life Sciences), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Acupuncture and Massage (Rehabilitation Medical College), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Wei Tang
- College of Acupuncture and Massage (Rehabilitation Medical College), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
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88
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Arnst N, Redolfi N, Lia A, Bedetta M, Greotti E, Pizzo P. Mitochondrial Ca 2+ Signaling and Bioenergetics in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:3025. [PMID: 36551781 PMCID: PMC9775979 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a hereditary and sporadic neurodegenerative illness defined by the gradual and cumulative loss of neurons in specific brain areas. The processes that cause AD are still under investigation and there are no available therapies to halt it. Current progress puts at the forefront the "calcium (Ca2+) hypothesis" as a key AD pathogenic pathway, impacting neuronal, astrocyte and microglial function. In this review, we focused on mitochondrial Ca2+ alterations in AD, their causes and bioenergetic consequences in neuronal and glial cells, summarizing the possible mechanisms linking detrimental mitochondrial Ca2+ signals to neuronal death in different experimental AD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Arnst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Nelly Redolfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Annamaria Lia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Martina Bedetta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Greotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Pizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
- Study Centre for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
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89
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Arjona SP, Allen CNS, Santerre M, Gross S, Soboloff J, Booze R, Sawaya BE. Disruption of Mitochondrial-associated ER membranes by HIV-1 tat protein contributes to premature brain aging. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:365-377. [PMID: 36419337 PMCID: PMC9804058 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitochondrial-associated ER membranes (MAMs) control many cellular functions, including calcium and lipid exchange, intracellular trafficking, and mitochondrial biogenesis. The disruption of these functions contributes to neurocognitive disorders, such as spatial memory impairment and premature brain aging. Using neuronal cells, we demonstrated that HIV-1 Tat protein deregulates the mitochondria. METHODS& RESULTS To determine the mechanisms, we used a neuronal cell line and showed that Tat-induced changes in expression and interactions of both MAM-associated proteins and MAM tethering proteins. The addition of HIV-1 Tat protein alters expression levels of PTPIP51 and VAPB proteins in the MAM fraction but not the whole cell. Phosphorylation of PTPIP51 protein regulates its subcellular localization and function. We demonstrated that the Tat protein promotes PTPIP51 phosphorylation on tyrosine residues and prevents its binding to VAPB. Treatment of the cells with a kinase inhibitor restores the PTPIP51-VAPB interaction and overcomes the effect of Tat. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Tat disrupts the MAM, through the induction of PTPIP51 phosphorylation, leading to ROS accumulation, mitochondrial stress, and altered movement. Hence, we concluded that interfering in the MAM-associated cellular pathways contributes to spatial memory impairment and premature brain aging often observed in HIV-1-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sterling P. Arjona
- Molecular Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab, Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of MedicineTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Charles N. S. Allen
- Molecular Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab, Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of MedicineTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Maryline Santerre
- Molecular Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab, Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of MedicineTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Scott Gross
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of MedicineTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Jonathan Soboloff
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of MedicineTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Rosemarie Booze
- Program of Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of PsychologyUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Bassel E. Sawaya
- Molecular Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab, Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of MedicineTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA,Department of Cancer and Cellular BiologyLewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA,Department of Neural SciencesLewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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90
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Hewitt VL, Miller-Fleming L, Twyning MJ, Andreazza S, Mattedi F, Prudent J, Polleux F, Vagnoni A, Whitworth AJ. Decreasing pdzd8-mediated mito-ER contacts improves organismal fitness and mitigates Aβ 42 toxicity. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/11/e202201531. [PMID: 35831024 PMCID: PMC9279675 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-ER contact sites (MERCs) orchestrate many important cellular functions including regulating mitochondrial quality control through mitophagy and mediating mitochondrial calcium uptake. Here, we identify and functionally characterize the Drosophila ortholog of the recently identified mammalian MERC protein, Pdzd8. We find that reducing pdzd8-mediated MERCs in neurons slows age-associated decline in locomotor activity and increases lifespan in Drosophila. The protective effects of pdzd8 knockdown in neurons correlate with an increase in mitophagy, suggesting that increased mitochondrial turnover may support healthy aging of neurons. In contrast, increasing MERCs by expressing a constitutive, synthetic ER-mitochondria tether disrupts mitochondrial transport and synapse formation, accelerates age-related decline in locomotion, and reduces lifespan. Although depletion of pdzd8 prolongs the survival of flies fed with mitochondrial toxins, it is also sufficient to rescue locomotor defects of a fly model of Alzheimer's disease expressing Amyloid β42 (Aβ42). Together, our results provide the first in vivo evidence that MERCs mediated by the tethering protein pdzd8 play a critical role in the regulation of mitochondrial quality control and neuronal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Hewitt
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leonor Miller-Fleming
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Madeleine J Twyning
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simonetta Andreazza
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francesca Mattedi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, IoPPN, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Julien Prudent
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Franck Polleux
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Kavli Institute for Brain Sciences, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alessio Vagnoni
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, IoPPN, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander J Whitworth
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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91
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Identification of Key Genes during Ca 2+-Induced Genetic Transformation in Escherichia coli by Combining Multi-Omics and Gene Knockout Techniques. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0058722. [PMID: 36255244 PMCID: PMC9642010 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00587-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of the Ca2+-mediated formation of competent cells in Escherichia coli remains unclear. In this study, transcriptome and proteomics techniques were used to screen genes in response to Ca2+ treatment. A total of 333 differentially expressed genes (317 upregulated and 16 downregulated) and 145 differentially expressed proteins (54 upregulated and 91 downregulated) were obtained. These genes and proteins are mainly enriched in cell membrane components, transmembrane transport, and stress response-related functional terms. Fifteen genes with these functions, including yiaW, ygiZ, and osmB, are speculated to play a key role in the cellular response to Ca2+. Three single-gene deletion strains were constructed with the Red homologous recombination method to verify its function in genetic transformation. The transformation efficiencies of yiaW, ygiZ, and osmB deletion strains for different-size plasmids were significantly increased. None of the three gene deletion strains changed in size, which is one of the main elements of microscopic morphology, but they exhibited different membrane permeabilities and transformation efficiencies. This study demonstrates that Ca2+-mediated competence formation in E. coli is not a simple physicochemical process and may involve the regulation of genes in response to Ca2+. This study lays the foundation for further in-depth analyses of the molecular mechanism of Ca2+-mediated transformation. IMPORTANCE Using transcriptome and proteome techniques and association analysis, we identified several key genes involved in the formation of Ca2+-mediated E. coli DH5α competent cells. We used Red homologous recombination technology to construct three single-gene deletion strains and found that the transformation efficiencies of yiaW, ygiZ, and osmB deletion strains for different-size plasmids were significantly increased. These results proved that the genetic transformation process is not only a physicochemical process but also a reaction process involving multiple genes. These results suggest ways to improve the horizontal gene transfer mechanism of foodborne microorganisms and provide new ideas for ensuring the safety of food preservation and processing.
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92
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Wenzel EM, Elfmark LA, Stenmark H, Raiborg C. ER as master regulator of membrane trafficking and organelle function. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213468. [PMID: 36108241 PMCID: PMC9481738 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202205135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which occupies a large portion of the cytoplasm, is the cell’s main site for the biosynthesis of lipids and carbohydrate conjugates, and it is essential for folding, assembly, and biosynthetic transport of secreted proteins and integral membrane proteins. The discovery of abundant membrane contact sites (MCSs) between the ER and other membrane compartments has revealed that, in addition to its biosynthetic and secretory functions, the ER plays key roles in the regulation of organelle dynamics and functions. In this review, we will discuss how the ER regulates endosomes, lysosomes, autophagosomes, mitochondria, peroxisomes, and the Golgi apparatus via MCSs. Such regulation occurs via lipid and Ca2+ transfer and also via control of in trans dephosphorylation reactions and organelle motility, positioning, fusion, and fission. The diverse controls of other organelles via MCSs manifest the ER as master regulator of organelle biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Maria Wenzel
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway 1
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway 2
| | - Liv Anker Elfmark
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway 1
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway 2
| | - Harald Stenmark
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway 1
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway 2
| | - Camilla Raiborg
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway 1
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway 2
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93
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ORP5/8 and MIB/MICOS link ER-mitochondria and intra-mitochondrial contacts for non-vesicular transport of phosphatidylserine. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111364. [PMID: 36130504 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles essential for cell survival whose structural and functional integrity rely on selective and regulated transport of lipids from/to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and across the mitochondrial intermembrane space. As they are not connected by vesicular transport, the exchange of lipids between ER and mitochondria occurs at membrane contact sites. However, the mechanisms and proteins involved in these processes are only beginning to emerge. Here, we show that the main physiological localization of the lipid transfer proteins ORP5 and ORP8 is at mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM) subdomains, physically linked to the mitochondrial intermembrane space bridging (MIB)/mitochondrial contact sites and cristae junction organizing system (MICOS) complexes that bridge the two mitochondrial membranes. We also show that ORP5/ORP8 mediate non-vesicular transport of phosphatidylserine (PS) lipids from the ER to mitochondria by cooperating with the MIB/MICOS complexes. Overall our study reveals a physical and functional link between ER-mitochondria contacts involved in lipid transfer and intra-mitochondrial membrane contacts maintained by the MIB/MICOS complexes.
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94
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Proteomic mapping and optogenetic manipulation of membrane contact sites. Biochem J 2022; 479:1857-1875. [PMID: 36111979 PMCID: PMC9555801 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Membrane contact sites (MCSs) mediate crucial physiological processes in eukaryotic cells, including ion signaling, lipid metabolism, and autophagy. Dysregulation of MCSs is closely related to various diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), neurodegenerative diseases, and cancers. Visualization, proteomic mapping and manipulation of MCSs may help the dissection of the physiology and pathology MCSs. Recent technical advances have enabled better understanding of the dynamics and functions of MCSs. Here we present a summary of currently known functions of MCSs, with a focus on optical approaches to visualize and manipulate MCSs, as well as proteomic mapping within MCSs.
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95
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The Adhesion GPCR VLGR1/ADGRV1 Regulates the Ca2+ Homeostasis at Mitochondria-Associated ER Membranes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182790. [PMID: 36139365 PMCID: PMC9496679 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The very large G protein-coupled receptor (VLGR1, ADGRV1) is the largest member of the adhesion GPCR family. Mutations in VLGR1 have been associated with the human Usher syndrome (USH), the most common form of inherited deaf-blindness as well as childhood absence epilepsy. VLGR1 was previously found as membrane–membrane adhesion complexes and focal adhesions. Affinity proteomics revealed that in the interactome of VLGR1, molecules are enriched that are associated with both the ER and mitochondria, as well as mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs), a compartment at the contact sites of both organelles. We confirmed the interaction of VLGR1 with key proteins of MAMs by pull-down assays in vitro complemented by in situ proximity ligation assays in cells. Immunocytochemistry by light and electron microscopy demonstrated the localization of VLGR1 in MAMs. The absence of VLGR1 in tissues and cells derived from VLGR1-deficient mouse models resulted in alterations in the MAM architecture and in the dysregulation of the Ca2+ transient from ER to mitochondria. Our data demonstrate the molecular and functional interaction of VLGR1 with components in MAMs and point to an essential role of VLGR1 in the regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis, one of the key functions of MAMs.
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96
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Arjun McKinney A, Petrova R, Panagiotakos G. Calcium and activity-dependent signaling in the developing cerebral cortex. Development 2022; 149:276624. [PMID: 36102617 PMCID: PMC9578689 DOI: 10.1242/dev.198853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Calcium influx can be stimulated by various intra- and extracellular signals to set coordinated gene expression programs into motion. As such, the precise regulation of intracellular calcium represents a nexus between environmental cues and intrinsic genetic programs. Mounting genetic evidence points to a role for the deregulation of intracellular calcium signaling in neuropsychiatric disorders of developmental origin. These findings have prompted renewed enthusiasm for understanding the roles of calcium during normal and dysfunctional prenatal development. In this Review, we describe the fundamental mechanisms through which calcium is spatiotemporally regulated and directs early neurodevelopmental events. We also discuss unanswered questions about intracellular calcium regulation during the emergence of neurodevelopmental disease, and provide evidence that disruption of cell-specific calcium homeostasis and/or redeployment of developmental calcium signaling mechanisms may contribute to adult neurological disorders. We propose that understanding the normal developmental events that build the nervous system will rely on gaining insights into cell type-specific calcium signaling mechanisms. Such an understanding will enable therapeutic strategies targeting calcium-dependent mechanisms to mitigate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Arjun McKinney
- University of California 1 Graduate Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology , , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California 2 , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA
- University of California 3 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics , , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California 4 , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA
| | - Ralitsa Petrova
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California 2 , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA
- University of California 3 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics , , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California 4 , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA
| | - Georgia Panagiotakos
- University of California 1 Graduate Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology , , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California 2 , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA
- University of California 3 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics , , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California 4 , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA
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97
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Dentoni G, Castro-Aldrete L, Naia L, Ankarcrona M. The Potential of Small Molecules to Modulate the Mitochondria–Endoplasmic Reticulum Interplay in Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:920228. [PMID: 36092728 PMCID: PMC9459385 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.920228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease affecting a growing number of elderly individuals. No disease-modifying drugs have yet been identified despite over 30 years of research on the topic, showing the need for further research on this multifactorial disease. In addition to the accumulation of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau), several other alterations have been associated with AD such as calcium (Ca2+) signaling, glucose-, fatty acid-, cholesterol-, and phospholipid metabolism, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Interestingly, all these processes have been associated with the mitochondria–endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contact site (MERCS) signaling hub. We and others have hypothesized that the dysregulated MERCS function may be one of the main pathogenic pathways driving AD pathology. Due to the variety of biological processes overseen at the MERCS, we believe that they constitute unique therapeutic targets to boost the neuronal function and recover neuronal homeostasis. Thus, developing molecules with the capacity to correct and/or modulate the MERCS interplay can unleash unique therapeutic opportunities for AD. The potential pharmacological intervention using MERCS modulators in different models of AD is currently under investigation. Here, we survey small molecules with the potential to modulate MERCS structures and functions and restore neuronal homeostasis in AD. We will focus on recently reported examples and provide an overview of the current challenges and future perspectives to develop MERCS modulators in the context of translational research.
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98
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Wang Y, Wang YF, Li X, Wang Y, Huang Q, Ma X, Liang XJ. Nanoparticle-Driven Controllable Mitochondrial Regulation through Lysosome-Mitochondria Interactome. ACS NANO 2022; 16:12553-12568. [PMID: 35876466 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Precise subcellular manipulation remains challenging in quantitative biological studies. After target modification and hierarchical assembly, nanoparticles can be functionalized for intracellular investigation. However, it remains unclear whether nanoparticles themselves can progressively manipulate subcellular processes, especially organellar networks. Mitochondria act as the energetic supply, whose fission dynamics are often modulated by molecular reagents. Here, using different-sized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a model, we demonstrated the nanoparticle-driven controllable regulation on mitochondria. Compared with molecular reagents, AuNPs could induce size-dependent mitochondrial fission without detectable cell injury, and this process was reversible along with intracellular AuNPs' clearance. Mechanistically, it was attributed to the AuNPs-induced enhanced organelle interactome between lysosomes and mitochondria. Lysosomal accumulation of AuNPs induced lysosomal swelling and lysosomal motility alterations, promoting mitochondrial fission through the increased "kiss" events during the "kiss-and-run" moving of the lysosome-mitochondria interactome. This study highlights the fundamental understanding to fully explore the intrinsic capability of nanoparticles by engineering their basic properties. Also, it provides practical guidance to investigate the delicate nanolevel regulation on biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi-Feng Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianlei Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qianqian Huang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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99
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Sassano ML, Felipe-Abrio B, Agostinis P. ER-mitochondria contact sites; a multifaceted factory for Ca2+ signaling and lipid transport. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:988014. [PMID: 36158205 PMCID: PMC9494157 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.988014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane contact sites (MCS) between organelles of eukaryotic cells provide structural integrity and promote organelle homeostasis by facilitating intracellular signaling, exchange of ions, metabolites and lipids and membrane dynamics. Cataloguing MCS revolutionized our understanding of the structural organization of a eukaryotic cell, but the functional role of MSCs and their role in complex diseases, such as cancer, are only gradually emerging. In particular, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria contacts (EMCS) are key effectors of non-vesicular lipid trafficking, thereby regulating the lipid composition of cellular membranes and organelles, their physiological functions and lipid-mediated signaling pathways both in physiological and diseased conditions. In this short review, we discuss key aspects of the functional complexity of EMCS in mammalian cells, with particular emphasis on their role as central hubs for lipid transport between these organelles and how perturbations of these pathways may favor key traits of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Livia Sassano
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Blanca Felipe-Abrio
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Patrizia Agostinis,
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100
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Al-Amri AH, Armstrong P, Amici M, Ligneul C, Rouse J, El-Asrag ME, Pantiru A, Vancollie VE, Ng HW, Ogbeta JA, Goodchild K, Ellegood J, Lelliott CJ, Mullins JG, Bretman A, Al-Ali R, Beetz C, Al-Gazali L, Al Shamsi A, Lerch JP, Mellor JR, Al Sayegh A, Ali M, Inglehearn CF, Clapcote SJ. PDZD8 Disruption Causes Cognitive Impairment in Humans, Mice, and Fruit Flies. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:323-334. [PMID: 35227461 PMCID: PMC9302898 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The discovery of coding variants in genes that confer risk of intellectual disability (ID) is an important step toward understanding the pathophysiology of this common developmental disability. METHODS Homozygosity mapping, whole-exome sequencing, and cosegregation analyses were used to identify gene variants responsible for syndromic ID with autistic features in two independent consanguineous families from the Arabian Peninsula. For in vivo functional studies of the implicated gene's function in cognition, Drosophila melanogaster and mice with targeted interference of the orthologous gene were used. Behavioral, electrophysiological, and structural magnetic resonance imaging analyses were conducted for phenotypic testing. RESULTS Homozygous premature termination codons in PDZD8, encoding an endoplasmic reticulum-anchored lipid transfer protein, showed cosegregation with syndromic ID in both families. Drosophila melanogaster with knockdown of the PDZD8 ortholog exhibited impaired long-term courtship-based memory. Mice homozygous for a premature termination codon in Pdzd8 exhibited brain structural, hippocampal spatial memory, and synaptic plasticity deficits. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate the involvement of homozygous loss-of-function mutations in PDZD8 in a neurodevelopmental cognitive disorder. Model organisms with manipulation of the orthologous gene replicate aspects of the human phenotype and suggest plausible pathophysiological mechanisms centered on disrupted brain development and synaptic function. These findings are thus consistent with accruing evidence that synaptic defects are a common denominator of ID and other neurodevelopmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H. Al-Amri
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom,Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom,National Genetic Centre, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Paul Armstrong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Mascia Amici
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Clemence Ligneul
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James Rouse
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed E. El-Asrag
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt,Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - Andreea Pantiru
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hannah W.Y. Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer A. Ogbeta
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Kirstie Goodchild
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Amanda Bretman
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Lihadh Al-Gazali
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aisha Al Shamsi
- Pediatrics Department, Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jason P. Lerch
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jack R. Mellor
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Abeer Al Sayegh
- Genetics Department, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Manir Ali
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Chris F. Inglehearn
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Steven J. Clapcote
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom,Address correspondence to Steven J. Clapcote, Ph.D.
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