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Salas E, Gorfer M, Bandian D, Eichorst SA, Schmidt H, Horak J, Rittmann SKMR, Schleper C, Reischl B, Pribasnig T, Jansa J, Kaiser C, Wanek W. Reevaluation and novel insights into amino sugar and neutral sugar necromass biomarkers in archaea, bacteria, fungi, and plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167463. [PMID: 37793447 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Soil microbial necromass is an important contributor to soil organic matter (>50%) and it is largely composed of microbial residues. In soils, fragmented cell wall residues are mostly found in their polysaccharide forms of fungal chitin and bacterial peptidoglycan. Microbial necromass biomarkers, particularly amino sugars (AS) such as glucosamine (GlcN) and muramic acid (MurA) have been used to trace fungal and bacterial residues in soils, and to distinguish carbon (C) found in microbial residues from non-microbial organic C. Neutral sugars (NS), particularly the hexose/pentose ratio, have also been proposed as tracers of plant polysaccharides in soils. In our study, we extended the range of biomarkers to include AS and NS compounds in the biomass of 120 species belonging to archaea, bacteria, fungi, or plants. GlcN was the most common AS found in all taxa, contributing 42-91% to total AS content, while glucose was the most common NS found, contributing 56-79% to total NS. We identified talosaminuronic acid, found in archaeal pseudopeptidoglycan, as a new potential biomarker specific for Euryarchaeota. We compared the variability of these compounds between the different taxonomic groups using multivariate approaches, such as non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and statistically evaluated their biomarker potential via indicator species analysis. Both NMDS and PLS-DA showcased the variability in the AS and NS contents between the different taxonomic groups, highlighting their potential as necromass residue biomarkers and allowing their extension from separating bacterial and fungal necromass to separating microbes from plants. Finally, we estimated new conversion factors where fungal GlcN is converted to fungal C by multiplying by 10 and MurA is converted to bacterial C by multiplying by 54. Conversion factors for talosaminuronic acid and galactosamine are also proposed to allow estimation of archaeal or all-microbial necromass residue C, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Salas
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Doctoral School in Microbiology and Environmental Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Markus Gorfer
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Bioresources, Tulln, Austria
| | - Dragana Bandian
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Bioresources, Tulln, Austria
| | - Stephanie A Eichorst
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannes Schmidt
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Horak
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon K-M R Rittmann
- Archaea Physiology & Biotechnology Group, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christa Schleper
- Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics Unit, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Reischl
- Archaea Physiology & Biotechnology Group, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Pribasnig
- Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics Unit, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Jansa
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Christina Kaiser
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wanek
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Han J, Zhao X, Zhao X, Li P, Gu Q. Insight into the structure, biosynthesis, isolation method and biological function of teichoic acid in different gram-positive microorganisms: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126825. [PMID: 37696369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Teichoic acid (TA) is a weakly anionic polymer present in the cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria. It can be classified into wall teichoic acid (WTA) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) based on its localization in the cell wall. The structure and biosynthetic pathway of TAs are strain-specific and have a significant role in maintaining cell wall stability. TAs have various beneficial functions, such as immunomodulatory, anticancer and antioxidant activities. However, the purity and yield of TAs are generally not high, and different isolation methods may even affect their structural integrity, which limits the research progress on the probiotic functions of TA. This paper reviews an overview of the structure and biosynthetic pathway of TAs in different strains, as well as the research progress of the isolation and purification methods of TAs. Furthermore, this review also highlights the current research status on the biological functions of TAs. Through a comprehensive understanding of this review, it is expected to pave the way for advancements in isolating and purifying high-quality TAs and, in turn, lay a foundation for contributing to the development of targeted probiotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarun Han
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xilian Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Gu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China.
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Gouveia A, Pinto D, Vítor JMB, São-José C. Cellular and Enzymatic Determinants Impacting the Exolytic Action of an Anti-Staphylococcal Enzybiotic. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:523. [PMID: 38203699 PMCID: PMC10778630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophage endolysins are bacteriolytic enzymes that have been explored as potential weapons to fight antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Despite several studies support the application of endolysins as enzybiotics, detailed knowledge on cellular and enzymatic factors affecting their lytic activity is still missing. The bacterial membrane proton motive force (PMF) and certain cell wall glycopolymers of Gram-positive bacteria have been implicated in some tolerance to endolysins. Here, we studied how the anti-staphylococcal endolysin Lys11, a modular enzyme with two catalytic domains (peptidase and amidase) and a cell binding domain (CBD11), responded to changes in the chemical and/or electric gradients of the PMF (ΔpH and Δψ, respectively). We show that simultaneous dissipation of both gradients enhances endolysin binding to cells and lytic activity. The collapse of ΔpH is preponderant in the stimulation of Lys11 lytic action, while the dissipation of Δψ is mainly associated with higher endolysin binding. Interestingly, this binding depends on the amidase domain. The peptidase domain is responsible for most of the Lys11 bacteriolytic activity. Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are confirmed as major determinants of endolysin tolerance, in part by severely hindering CBD11 binding activity. In conclusion, the PMF and WTA interfere differently with the endolysin functional domains, affecting both the binding and catalytic efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gouveia
- Phage Biology Research and Infection Control (PhaBRIC), Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.G.); (D.P.)
| | - Daniela Pinto
- Phage Biology Research and Infection Control (PhaBRIC), Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.G.); (D.P.)
| | - Jorge M. B. Vítor
- Pathogen Genome Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Carlos São-José
- Phage Biology Research and Infection Control (PhaBRIC), Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.G.); (D.P.)
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Gurunathan S, Thangaraj P, Kim JH. Postbiotics: Functional Food Materials and Therapeutic Agents for Cancer, Diabetes, and Inflammatory Diseases. Foods 2023; 13:89. [PMID: 38201117 PMCID: PMC10778838 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Postbiotics are (i) "soluble factors secreted by live bacteria, or released after bacterial lysis, such as enzymes, peptides, teichoic acids, peptidoglycan-derived muropeptides, polysaccharides, cell-surface proteins and organic acids"; (ii) "non-viable metabolites produced by microorganisms that exert biological effects on the hosts"; and (iii) "compounds produced by microorganisms, released from food components or microbial constituents, including non-viable cells that, when administered in adequate amounts, promote health and wellbeing". A probiotic- and prebiotic-rich diet ensures an adequate supply of these vital nutrients. During the anaerobic fermentation of organic nutrients, such as prebiotics, postbiotics act as a benevolent bioactive molecule matrix. Postbiotics can be used as functional components in the food industry by offering a number of advantages, such as being added to foods that are harmful to probiotic survival. Postbiotic supplements have grown in popularity in the food, cosmetic, and healthcare industries because of their numerous health advantages. Their classification depends on various factors, including the type of microorganism, structural composition, and physiological functions. This review offers a succinct introduction to postbiotics while discussing their salient features and classification, production, purification, characterization, biological functions, and applications in the food industry. Furthermore, their therapeutic mechanisms as antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory agents are elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Rathinam College of Arts and Science, Eachanari, Coimbatore 641021, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Pratheep Thangaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Rathinam College of Arts and Science, Eachanari, Coimbatore 641021, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Wang M, Zeng J, Tan H, Guo Q, Li X, Ling X, Zhang J, Song S, Deng Y. Anti-virulence and bactericidal activities of Stattic against Shigella sonnei. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0107423. [PMID: 38032177 PMCID: PMC10734500 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01074-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Shigella sonnei is a major human enteric pathogen that causes bacillary dysentery. The increasing spread of drug-resistant S. sonnei strains has caused an emergent need for the development of new antimicrobial agents against this pathogenic bacterium. In this study, we demonstrate that Stattic employs two antibacterial mechanisms against S. sonnei. It exerted both anti-virulence activity and bactericidal activity against S. sonnei, suggesting that it shows advantages over traditional antibiotics. Moreover, Stattic showed excellent synergistic effects with kanamycin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and gentamicin against S. sonnei. Our findings suggest that Stattic has promising potential for development as a new antibiotic or as an adjuvant to antibiotics for infections caused by S. sonnei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huihui Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Quan Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiwen Ling
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinyue Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Shihao Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yinyue Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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Damelang T, de Taeye SW, Rentenaar R, Roya-Kouchaki K, de Boer E, Derksen NIL, van Kessel K, Lissenberg-Thunnissen S, Rooijakkers SHM, Jongerius I, Mebius MM, Schuurman J, Labrijn AF, Vidarsson G, Rispens T. The Influence of Human IgG Subclass and Allotype on Complement Activation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1725-1735. [PMID: 37843500 PMCID: PMC10656437 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Complement activation via the classical pathway is initiated when oligomeric Igs on target surfaces are recognized by C1 of the complement cascade. The strength of this interaction and activation of the complement system are influenced by structural variation of the Ab, including Ab isotype, subclass, and glycosylation profile. Polymorphic variants of IgG have also been described to influence Fc-dependent effector functions. Therefore, we assessed complement binding, deposition, and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) of 27 known IgG allotypes with anti-trinitrophenyl specificity. Differences between allotypes within subclasses were minor for IgG1, IgG3, and IgG4 allotypes, and more substantial for IgG2. Allelic variant IGHG2*06, containing a unique serine at position 378 in the CH3 domain, showed less efficient complement activation and CDC compared with other IgG2 polymorphisms. We also observed variable cell lysis between IgG1 and IgG3, with IgG3 being superior in lysis of human RBCs and Ramos cells, and IgG1 being superior in lysis of Raji and Wien133 cells, demonstrating that a long-standing conundrum in the literature depends on cellular context. Furthermore, we compared IgG1 and IgG3 under different circumstances, showing that Ag density and Ab hinge length, but not complement regulators, define the context dependency of Ab-mediated CDC activity. Our results point toward a variation in the capacity of IgG subclasses to activate complement due to single amino acid changes and hinge length differences of allotypes to activate complement, which might give new insights on susceptibility to infectious, alloimmune, or autoimmune diseases and aid the design of Ab-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timon Damelang
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Steven W. de Taeye
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rosa Rentenaar
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kasra Roya-Kouchaki
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Esther de Boer
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ninotska I. L. Derksen
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kok van Kessel
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Suzan H. M. Rooijakkers
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ilse Jongerius
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Mishra NR, Sharma AD, Gargvanshi S, Gutheil WG. Deconvolution of multichannel LC-MS/MS chromatograms of glucosamine-phosphates: Evidence of a GlmS regulatory difference between Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium. TALANTA OPEN 2023; 8:100241. [PMID: 38187186 PMCID: PMC10769159 DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2023.100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Resolving isomeric analytes is challenging given their physical similarity - making chromatographic resolution difficult, and their identical masses - making simple mass resolution impossible. MS/MS data provides a means to resolve isomeric analytes if their MS/MS intensity profiles are sufficiently different. Glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN-6P) and glucosamine-1-phosphate (GlcN-1P) are early bacterial cell wall intermediates. These and other isomeric hexosamine-phosphates are highly polar and unretained on reverse-phase chromatography media. Three commercially available hexosamine-phosphate standards (GlcN-6P, GlcN-1P, and GalN-1P) were derivatized with octanoic anhydride, and chromatographic conditions were established to resolve these analytes on C18 columns. GlcN-1P and GalN-1P overlapped chromatographically under all tested chromatography conditions. Three MS/MS fragments (79, 97, and 199 m/z) were common to all three commercially available hexosamine-phosphates. Intensity ratios of the three MS/MS fragments from these three hexosamine-phosphate standards were used to deconvolute mixture chromatograms of these standards by non-negative linear regression. This approach allowed the complete resolution of these analytes. The chromatographically overlapping GlcN-1P and GalN-1P, which shared similar but modestly different MS/MS intensity profiles, were fully resolved with this non-negative deconvolution approach. This approach was then applied to MRSA, VSE, and VRE bacterial extracts before and after exposure to vancomycin. This demonstrated a substantial (3-fold) increase in GlcN-6P in vancomycin-treated MRSA samples but not in vancomycin-treated VSE or VRE samples. These observations appear to localize previously observed differences between MRSA and VRE/VSE peptidoglycan biosynthesis regulation to GlmS, which synthesizes GlcN-6P and is the product of a regulatory ribozyme sensitive to the levels of GlcN-6P.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shivani Gargvanshi
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - William G. Gutheil
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
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Kampff Z, van Sinderen D, Mahony J. Cell wall polysaccharides of streptococci: A genetic and structural perspective. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108279. [PMID: 37913948 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The Streptococcus genus comprises both commensal and pathogenic species. Additionally, Streptococcus thermophilus is exploited in fermented foods and in probiotic preparations. The ecological and metabolic diversity of members of this genus is matched by the complex range of cell wall polysaccharides that they present on their cell surfaces. These glycopolymers facilitate their interactions and environmental adaptation. Here, current knowledge on the genetic and compositional diversity of streptococcal cell wall polysaccharides including rhamnose-glucose polysaccharides, exopolysaccharides and teichoic acids is discussed. Furthermore, the species-specific cell wall polysaccharide combinations and specifically highlighting the presence of rhamnose-glucose polysaccharides in certain species, which are replaced by teichoic acids in other species. This review highlights model pathogenic and non-pathogenic species for which there is considerable information regarding cell wall polysaccharide composition, structure and genetic information. These serve as foundations to predict and focus research efforts in other streptococcal species for which such data currently does not exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Kampff
- School of Microbiology and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- School of Microbiology and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Jennifer Mahony
- School of Microbiology and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
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Guo Y, Du X, Krusche J, Beck C, Ali S, Walter A, Winstel V, Mayer C, Codée JD, Peschel A, Stehle T. Invasive Staphylococcus epidermidis uses a unique processive wall teichoic acid glycosyltransferase to evade immune recognition. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj2641. [PMID: 38000019 PMCID: PMC10672168 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj2641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis expresses glycerol phosphate wall teichoic acid (WTA), but some health care-associated methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (HA-MRSE) clones produce a second, ribitol phosphate (RboP) WTA, resembling that of the aggressive pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. RboP-WTA promotes HA-MRSE persistence and virulence in bloodstream infections. We report here that the TarM enzyme of HA-MRSE [TarM(Se)] glycosylates RboP-WTA with glucose, instead of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) by TarM(Sa) in S. aureus. Replacement of GlcNAc with glucose in RboP-WTA impairs HA-MRSE detection by human immunoglobulin G, which may contribute to the immune-evasion capacities of many invasive S. epidermidis. Crystal structures of complexes with uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP-glucose), and with UDP and glycosylated poly(RboP), reveal the binding mode and glycosylation mechanism of this enzyme and explain why TarM(Se) and TarM(Sa) link different sugars to poly(RboP). These structural data provide evidence that TarM(Se) is a processive WTA glycosyltransferase. Our study will support the targeted inhibition of TarM enzymes, and the development of RboP-WTA targeting vaccines and phage therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglan Guo
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xin Du
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Janes Krusche
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Beck
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sara Ali
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Axel Walter
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Organismic Interactions/Glycobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Volker Winstel
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Mayer
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Organismic Interactions/Glycobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Peschel
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thilo Stehle
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Shrestha R, Thenissery A, Khupse R, Rajashekara G. Strategies for the Preparation of Chitosan Derivatives for Antimicrobial, Drug Delivery, and Agricultural Applications: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:7659. [PMID: 38005381 PMCID: PMC10674490 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan has received much attention for its role in designing and developing novel derivatives as well as its applications across a broad spectrum of biological and physiological activities, owing to its desirable characteristics such as being biodegradable, being a biopolymer, and its overall eco-friendliness. The main objective of this review is to explore the recent chemical modifications of chitosan that have been achieved through various synthetic methods. These chitosan derivatives are categorized based on their synthetic pathways or the presence of common functional groups, which include alkylated, acylated, Schiff base, quaternary ammonia, guanidine, and heterocyclic rings. We have also described the recent applications of chitosan and its derivatives, along with nanomaterials, their mechanisms, and prospective challenges, especially in areas such as antimicrobial activities, targeted drug delivery for various diseases, and plant agricultural domains. The accumulation of these recent findings has the potential to offer insight not only into innovative approaches for the preparation of chitosan derivatives but also into their diverse applications. These insights may spark novel ideas for drug development or drug carriers, particularly in the antimicrobial, medicinal, and plant agricultural fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Shrestha
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA;
| | - Anusree Thenissery
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA;
| | - Rahul Khupse
- College of Pharmacy, University of Findlay, Findlay, OH 45840, USA;
| | - Gireesh Rajashekara
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA;
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61
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Loney RE, Delesalle VA, Chaudry BE, Czerpak M, Guffey AA, Goubet-McCall L, McCarty M, Strine MS, Tanke NT, Vill AC, Krukonis GP. A Novel Subcluster of Closely Related Bacillus Phages with Distinct Tail Fiber/Lysin Gene Combinations. Viruses 2023; 15:2267. [PMID: 38005943 PMCID: PMC10674732 DOI: 10.3390/v15112267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) are the most numerous entities on Earth, but we have only scratched the surface of describing phage diversity. We isolated seven Bacillus subtilis phages from desert soil in the southwest United States and then sequenced and characterized their genomes. Comparative analyses revealed high nucleotide and amino acid similarity between these seven phages, which constitute a novel subcluster. Interestingly, the tail fiber and lysin genes of these phages seem to come from different origins and carry out slightly different functions. These genes were likely acquired by this subcluster of phages via horizontal gene transfer. In conjunction with host range assays, our data suggest that these phages are adapting to hosts with different cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Loney
- University Program in Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Véronique A. Delesalle
- Department of Biology, Gettysburg College, 300 N Washington St., Gettysburg, PA 17325, USA; (M.C.); (M.M.)
| | | | - Megan Czerpak
- Department of Biology, Gettysburg College, 300 N Washington St., Gettysburg, PA 17325, USA; (M.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Alexandra A. Guffey
- Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC. 200 Tournament Dr., Horsham, PA 19044, USA;
| | - Leo Goubet-McCall
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, 201 Huck Life Sciences Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Michael McCarty
- Department of Biology, Gettysburg College, 300 N Washington St., Gettysburg, PA 17325, USA; (M.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Madison S. Strine
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Natalie T. Tanke
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Albert C. Vill
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;
| | - Greg P. Krukonis
- Department of Biology, Angelo State University, Cavness Science Building 101, ASU Station #10890, San Angelo, TX 76909, USA;
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62
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Hackemann VCJ, Hagel S, Jandt KD, Rödel J, Löffler B, Tuchscherr L. The Controversial Effect of Antibiotics on Methicillin-Sensitive S. aureus: A Comparative In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16308. [PMID: 38003500 PMCID: PMC10671744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus (S.) aureus (MSSA) bacteremia remains a global challenge, despite the availability of antibiotics. Primary treatments include β-lactam agents such as cefazolin and flucloxacillin. Ongoing discussions have focused on the potential synergistic effects of combining these agents with rifampicin or fosfomycin to combat infections associated with biofilm formation. Managing staphylococcal infections is challenging due to antibacterial resistance, biofilms, and S. aureus's ability to invade and replicate within host cells. Intracellular invasion shields the bacteria from antibacterial agents and the immune system, often leading to incomplete bacterial clearance and chronic infections. Additionally, S. aureus can assume a dormant phenotype, known as the small colony variant (SCV), further complicating eradication and promoting persistence. This study investigated the impact of antibiotic combinations on the persistence of S. aureus 6850 and its stable small colony variant (SCV strain JB1) focusing on intracellular survival and biofilm formation. The results from the wild-type strain 6850 demonstrate that β-lactams combined with RIF effectively eliminated biofilms and intracellular bacteria but tend to select for SCVs in planktonic culture and host cells. Higher antibiotic concentrations were associated with an increase in the zeta potential of S. aureus, suggesting reduced membrane permeability to antimicrobials. When using the stable SCV mutant strain JB1, antibiotic combinations with rifampicin successfully cleared planktonic bacteria and biofilms but failed to eradicate intracellular bacteria. Given these findings, it is reasonable to report that β-lactams combined with rifampicin represent the optimal treatment for MSSA bacteremia. However, caution is warranted when employing this treatment over an extended period, as it may elevate the risk of selecting for small colony variants (SCVs) and, consequently, promoting bacterial persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Hagel
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Klaus D Jandt
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena School for Microbial Communication (JSMC), 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rödel
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Bettina Löffler
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Lorena Tuchscherr
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
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63
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Cacace E, Kim V, Varik V, Knopp M, Tietgen M, Brauer-Nikonow A, Inecik K, Mateus A, Milanese A, Mårli MT, Mitosch K, Selkrig J, Brochado AR, Kuipers OP, Kjos M, Zeller G, Savitski MM, Göttig S, Huber W, Typas A. Systematic analysis of drug combinations against Gram-positive bacteria. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:2196-2212. [PMID: 37770760 PMCID: PMC10627819 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01486-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Drug combinations can expand options for antibacterial therapies but have not been systematically tested in Gram-positive species. We profiled ~8,000 combinations of 65 antibacterial drugs against the model species Bacillus subtilis and two prominent pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Thereby, we recapitulated previously known drug interactions, but also identified ten times more novel interactions in the pathogen S. aureus, including 150 synergies. We showed that two synergies were equally effective against multidrug-resistant S. aureus clinical isolates in vitro and in vivo. Interactions were largely species-specific and synergies were distinct from those of Gram-negative species, owing to cell surface and drug uptake differences. We also tested 2,728 combinations of 44 commonly prescribed non-antibiotic drugs with 62 drugs with antibacterial activity against S. aureus and identified numerous antagonisms that might compromise the efficacy of antimicrobial therapies. We identified even more synergies and showed that the anti-aggregant ticagrelor synergized with cationic antibiotics by modifying the surface charge of S. aureus. All data can be browsed in an interactive interface ( https://apps.embl.de/combact/ ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Cacace
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vladislav Kim
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
- Collaboration for joint PhD degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vallo Varik
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Knopp
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuela Tietgen
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Kemal Inecik
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - André Mateus
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessio Milanese
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marita Torrissen Mårli
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Karin Mitosch
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joel Selkrig
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ana Rita Brochado
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oscar P Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Morten Kjos
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Georg Zeller
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mikhail M Savitski
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Göttig
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Huber
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Athanasios Typas
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany.
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany.
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64
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Díaz-Rullo J, González-Pastor JE. tRNA queuosine modification is involved in biofilm formation and virulence in bacteria. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:9821-9837. [PMID: 37638766 PMCID: PMC10570037 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
tRNA modifications are crucial for fine-tuning of protein translation. Queuosine (Q) modification of tRNAs is thought to modulate the translation rate of NAU codons, but its physiological role remains elusive. Therefore, we hypothesize that Q-tRNAs control those physiological processes involving NAU codon-enriched genes (Q-genes). Here, we report a novel bioinformatic strategy to predict Q-genes, revealing a widespread enrichment in functions, especially those related to biofilm formation and virulence in bacteria, and particularly in human pathogens. Indeed, we experimentally verified that these processes were significantly affected by altering the degree of tRNA Q-modification in different model bacteria, representing the first report of a general mechanism controlling biofilm formation and virulence in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria possibly through the coordination of the expression of functionally related genes. Furthermore, we propose that changes in Q availability in a microbiome would affect its functionality. Our findings open the door to the control of bacterial infections and biofilm formation by inhibition of tRNA Q-modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Díaz-Rullo
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA, Carretera de Ajalvir km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz 28850, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Eduardo González-Pastor
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA, Carretera de Ajalvir km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz 28850, Madrid, Spain
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Kowalczyk P, Koszelewski D, Brodzka A, Kramkowski K, Ostaszewski R. Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity against Nosocomial Pathogens of an Enzymatically Derived α-Aminophosphonates Possessing Coumarin Scaffold. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14886. [PMID: 37834334 PMCID: PMC10574003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the synergistic effect of two important pharmacophores, coumarin and α-amino dimethyl phosphonate moieties, on antimicrobial activity against selected strains of multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogenic bacteria. The previously developed enzyme-catalysed Kabachnik-Fields protocol allowed us to obtain the studied compounds with high yields which were free from metal impurities. The structure-activity relationship revealed that inhibitory activity is strongly related to the presence of the trifluoromethyl group (CF3-) in the coumarin scaffold. MIC and MBC studies carried out on six selected pathogenic bacterial strains (Gram-positive pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 23235) strain, as well as on Gram-negative Acinetobacter baumannii (ATCC 17978), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15442), Enterobacter cloacae (ATCC 49141), Porphyromonas gingivalis (ATCC 33277), and Treponema denticola (ATCC 35405)) have shown that tested compounds show a strong bactericidal effect at low concentrations. Among all agents investigated, five exhibit higher antimicrobial activity than those observed for commonly used antibiotics. It should be noted that all the compounds tested showed very high activity against S. aureus, which is the main source of nosocomial infections that cause numerous fatalities. Furthermore, we have shown that the studied coumarin-based α-aminophosphonates, depending on their structural characteristics, are non-selective and act efficiently against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, which is of great importance for hospitalised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kowalczyk
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Dominik Koszelewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (A.B.); (R.O.)
| | - Anna Brodzka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (A.B.); (R.O.)
| | - Karol Kramkowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilińskiego 1 Str., 15-089 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Ryszard Ostaszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (A.B.); (R.O.)
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66
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Jeong GJ, Khan F, Tabassum N, Cho KJ, Kim YM. Controlling biofilm and virulence properties of Gram-positive bacteria by targeting wall teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2023; 62:106941. [PMID: 37536571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Wall teichoic acid (WTA) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) are structural components of Gram-positive bacteria's peptidoglycan and cell membrane, which are mostly anionic glycopolymers. WTA confers numerous physiological, virulence, and pathogenic features to bacterial pathogens. It controls cell shape, cell division, and the localisation of autolytic enzymes and ion homeostasis. In the context of virulence and pathogenicity, it aids bacterial cell attachment and colonisation and protects against the host defence system and antibiotics. Having such a broad function in pathogenic bacteria's lifecycle, WTA/LTA become one of the potential targets for antibacterial agents to reduce bacterial infection in the host. The number of reports for targeting the WTA/LTA pathway has risen, mostly by focusing on three distinct targets: antivirulence targets, β-lactam potentiator targets, and essential targets. The current review looked at the role of WTA/LTA in biofilm development and virulence in a range of Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, alternate strategies, such as the application of natural and synthetic compounds that target the WTA/LTA pathway, have been thoroughly discussed. Moreover, the application of nanomaterials and a combination of drugs have also been discussed as a viable method for targeting the WTA/LTA in numerous Gram-positive bacteria. In addition, a future perspective for controlling bacterial infection by targeting the WTA/LTA is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geum-Jae Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Fazlurrahman Khan
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nazia Tabassum
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
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67
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Moore G, Barry A, Carter J, Ready J, Wan Y, Elsayed M, Haill C, Khashu M, Williams OM, Brown CS, Demirjian A, Ready D. Detection, survival, and persistence of Staphylococcus capitis NRCS-A in neonatal units in England. J Hosp Infect 2023; 140:8-14. [PMID: 37487793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus capitis clone, NRCS-A, is increasingly associated with late-onset sepsis in low birthweight newborns in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in England and globally. Understanding where this bacterium survives and persists within the NICU environment is key to developing and implementing effective control measures. AIM To investigate the potential for S. capitis to colonize surfaces within NICUs. METHODS Surface swabs were collected from four NICUs with and without known NRCS-A colonizations/infections present at the time of sampling. Samples were cultured and S. capitis isolates analysed via whole-genome sequencing. Survival of NRCS-A on plastic surfaces was assessed over time and compared to that of non-NRCS-A isolates. The bactericidal activity of commonly used chemical disinfectants against S. capitis was assessed. FINDINGS Of 173 surfaces sampled, 40 (21.1%) harboured S. capitis with 30 isolates (75%) being NRCS-A. Whereas S. capitis was recovered from surfaces across the NICU, the NRCS-A clone was rarely recovered from outside the immediate neonatal bedspace. Incubators and other bedside equipment were contaminated with NRCS-A regardless of clinical case detection. In the absence of cleaning, S. capitis was able to survive for three days with minimal losses in viability (<0.5 log10 reduction). Sodium troclosene and a QAC-based detergent/disinfectant reduced S. capitis to below detectable levels. CONCLUSION S. capitis NRCS-A can be readily recovered from the NICU environment, even in units with no recent reported clinical cases of S. capitis infection, highlighting a need for appropriate national guidance on cleaning within the neonatal care environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Moore
- UK Health Security Agency, UK.
| | - A Barry
- UK Health Security Agency, UK
| | | | - J Ready
- UK Health Security Agency, UK
| | - Y Wan
- UK Health Security Agency, UK; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M Elsayed
- Royal United Hospital, Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, UK; Southmead Hospital, North Bristol Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - C Haill
- University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - M Khashu
- University Hospitals Dorset, Poole, UK
| | - O M Williams
- UK Health Security Agency, UK; Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - C S Brown
- UK Health Security Agency, UK; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A Demirjian
- UK Health Security Agency, UK; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK; Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - D Ready
- UK Health Security Agency, UK; Health Protection Research Unit in Behavioural Science and Evaluation, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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68
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Mitra S, Sharma VK, Ghosh SK. Effects of ionic liquids on biomembranes: A review on recent biophysical studies. Chem Phys Lipids 2023; 256:105336. [PMID: 37586678 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2023.105336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have been emerged as a versatile class of compounds that can be easily tuned to achieve desirable properties for various applications. The ability of ILs to interact with biomembranes has attracted significant interest, as they have been shown to modulate membrane properties in ways that may have implications for various biological processes. This review provides an overview of recent studies that have investigated the interaction between ILs and biomembranes. We discuss the effects of ILs on the physical and chemical properties of biomembranes, including changes in membrane fluidity, permeability, and stability. We also explore the mechanisms underlying the interaction of ILs with biomembranes, such as electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals forces. Additionally, we discuss the future prospects of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheli Mitra
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, G. B. Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India.
| | - Veerendra K Sharma
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
| | - Sajal K Ghosh
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, G. B. Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India.
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69
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Yang J, Bowring JZ, Krusche J, Lehmann E, Bejder BS, Silva SF, Bojer MS, Grunert T, Peschel A, Ingmer H. Cross-species communication via agr controls phage susceptibility in Staphylococcus aureus. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113154. [PMID: 37725513 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria use quorum sensing (QS) to coordinate group behavior in response to cell density, and some bacterial viruses (phages) also respond to QS. In Staphylococcus aureus, the agr-encoded QS system relies on accumulation of auto-inducing cyclic peptides (AIPs). Other staphylococci also produce AIPs of which many inhibit S. aureus agr. We show that agr induction reduces expression of tarM, encoding a glycosyltransferase responsible for α-N-acetylglucosamine modification of the major S. aureus phage receptor, the wall teichoic acids. This allows lytic phage Stab20 and related phages to infect and kill S. aureus. However, in mixed communities, producers of inhibitory AIPs like S. haemolyticus, S. caprae, and S. pseudintermedius inhibit S. aureus agr, thereby impeding phage infection. Our results demonstrate that cross-species interactions dramatically impact phage susceptibility. These interactions likely influence microbial ecology and impact the efficacy of phages in medical and biotechnological applications such as phage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Yang
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janine Zara Bowring
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janes Krusche
- Department of Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)," German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Esther Lehmann
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benjamin Svejdal Bejder
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephanie Fulaz Silva
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Saxtorph Bojer
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tom Grunert
- Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Peschel
- Department of Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)," German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hanne Ingmer
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Kelly JJ, Dalesandro BE, Liu Z, Chordia MD, Ongwae GM, Pires MM. Measurement of Accumulation of Antibiotics to Staphylococcus aureus in Phagosomes of Live Macrophages. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.13.528196. [PMID: 36824967 PMCID: PMC9949086 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.13.528196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) has evolved the ability to persist after uptake into host immune cells. This intracellular niche enables S. aureus to potentially escape host immune responses and survive the lethal actions of antibiotics. While the elevated tolerance of S. aureus to small-molecule antibiotics is likely to be multifactorial, we pose that there may be contributions related to permeation of antibiotics into phagocytic vacuoles, which would require translocation across two mammalian bilayers. To empirically test this, we adapted our recently developed permeability assay to determine the accumulation of FDA-approved antibiotics into phagocytic vacuoles of live macrophages. Bioorthogonal reactive handles were metabolically anchored within the surface of S. aureus, and complementary tags were chemically added to antibiotics. Following phagocytosis of tagged S. aureus cells, we were able to specifically analyze the arrival of antibiotics within the phagosomes of infected macrophages. Our findings enabled the determination of permeability differences between extra- and intracellular S. aureus , thus providing a roadmap to dissect the contribution of antibiotic permeability to intracellular pathogens.
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71
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Han W, Camesano TA. LL37-Derived Fragments Improve the Antibacterial Potential of Penicillin G and Ampicillin against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1398. [PMID: 37760695 PMCID: PMC10525415 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are a severe threat to public health. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are novel and potential antimicrobials with specific antibacterial mechanisms. Our aim was to study the potential of LL37, FK16, and FK13 to enhance the anti-MRSA activity of antibiotics in vitro, particularly penicillin G and ampicillin. Our results showed that FK16 and FK13 have more synergistic inhibitory effects to MRSA strains when combined with penicillin G and ampicillin. In addition, AMPs exhibited strong membrane permeabilizing properties, and membrane permeabilizing effects can provide a possible explanation for the improved antibacterial effects of antibiotics, since permeabilizing AMPs have the potential to increase the access of antibiotics. To further study the electrostatic interactions among cationic AMPs with negatively charged bacteria, we measured the zeta potentials of three MRSA strains and also neutralized three MRSA strains with the addition of cationic AMPs. Further, we demonstrated the connection between membrane permeabilization and zeta potential neutralization. Finally, we treated MRSA strains with AMPs and characterized the MICs of penicillin G and ampicillin. FK16 was the most promising AMP among the three AMPs, since exposure to FK16 decreased the MICs of both penicillin G and ampicillin for all MRSA strains and also demonstrated more synergistic combinations when combined with antibiotics. AMP exposure and subsequent membrane permeabilization provide a possible pathway to re-sensitize drug-resistant bacteria to traditional antibiotics. Re-sensitization may help preserve the effectiveness of traditional antibiotics, thus providing a potential new strategy for fighting MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terri A. Camesano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, USA;
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72
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Haktaniyan M, Sharma R, Bradley M. Size-Controlled Ammonium-Based Homopolymers as Broad-Spectrum Antibacterials. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1320. [PMID: 37627740 PMCID: PMC10452032 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammonium group containing polymers possess inherent antimicrobial properties, effectively eliminating or preventing infections caused by harmful microorganisms. Here, homopolymers based on monomers containing ammonium groups were synthesized via Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization (RAFT) and evaluated as potential antibacterial agents. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Gram-positive (M. luteus and B. subtilis) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and S. typhimurium). Three polymers, poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride), poly([2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride), and poly(vinyl benzyl trimethylammonium chloride), were examined to explore the effect of molecular weight (10 kDa, 20 kDa, and 40 kDa) on their antimicrobial activity and toxicity to mammalian cells. The mechanisms of action of the polymers were investigated with dye-based assays, while Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed collapsed and fused bacterial morphologies due to the interactions between the polymers and components of the bacterial cell envelope, with some polymers proving to be bactericidal and others bacteriostatic, while being non-hemolytic. Among all the homopolymers, the most active, non-Gram-specific polymer was poly([2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride), with a molecular weight of 40 kDa, with minimum inhibitory concentrations between 16 and 64 µg/mL, showing a bactericidal mode of action mediated by disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane. This homopolymer could be useful in biomedical applications such as surface dressings and in areas such as eye infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Haktaniyan
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK; (M.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Richa Sharma
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK; (M.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Mark Bradley
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK; (M.H.); (R.S.)
- Precision Healthcare University Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Whitechapel, Empire House, London E1 1HH, UK
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73
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Kaiser KG, Delattre V, Frost VJ, Buck GW, Phu JV, Fernandez TG, Pavel IE. Nanosilver: An Old Antibacterial Agent with Great Promise in the Fight against Antibiotic Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1264. [PMID: 37627684 PMCID: PMC10451389 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a major problem worldwide that costs 55 billion USD annually for extended hospitalization, resource utilization, and additional treatment expenditures in the United States. This review examines the roles and forms of silver (e.g., bulk Ag, silver salts (AgNO3), and colloidal Ag) from antiquity to the present, and its eventual incorporation as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in numerous antibacterial consumer products and biomedical applications. The AgNP fabrication methods, physicochemical properties, and antibacterial mechanisms in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial models are covered. The emphasis is on the problematic ESKAPE pathogens and the antibiotic-resistant pathogens of the greatest human health concern according to the World Health Organization. This review delineates the differences between each bacterial model, the role of the physicochemical properties of AgNPs in the interaction with pathogens, and the subsequent damage of AgNPs and Ag+ released by AgNPs on structural cellular components. In closing, the processes of antibiotic resistance attainment and how novel AgNP-antibiotic conjugates may synergistically reduce the growth of antibiotic-resistant pathogens are presented in light of promising examples, where antibiotic efficacy alone is decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra G. Kaiser
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA; (K.G.K.); (V.D.); (G.W.B.)
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
| | - Victoire Delattre
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA; (K.G.K.); (V.D.); (G.W.B.)
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
| | - Victoria J. Frost
- Department of Chemistry, Physics, Geology and the Environment, Winthrop University, 701 Oakland Avenue, Rock Hill, SC 29733, USA; (V.J.F.); (J.V.P.)
- Department of Biology, Winthrop University, 701 Oakland Avenue, Rock Hill, SC 29733, USA
| | - Gregory W. Buck
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA; (K.G.K.); (V.D.); (G.W.B.)
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
| | - Julianne V. Phu
- Department of Chemistry, Physics, Geology and the Environment, Winthrop University, 701 Oakland Avenue, Rock Hill, SC 29733, USA; (V.J.F.); (J.V.P.)
- Department of Biology, Winthrop University, 701 Oakland Avenue, Rock Hill, SC 29733, USA
| | - Timea G. Fernandez
- Department of Chemistry, Physics, Geology and the Environment, Winthrop University, 701 Oakland Avenue, Rock Hill, SC 29733, USA; (V.J.F.); (J.V.P.)
- Department of Biology, Winthrop University, 701 Oakland Avenue, Rock Hill, SC 29733, USA
| | - Ioana E. Pavel
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA; (K.G.K.); (V.D.); (G.W.B.)
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
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74
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Martínez-Caballero S, Freton C, Molina R, Bartual SG, Gueguen-Chaignon V, Mercy C, Gago F, Mahasenan KV, Muñoz IG, Lee M, Hesek D, Mobashery S, Hermoso JA, Grangeasse C. Molecular basis of the final step of cell division in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112756. [PMID: 37418323 PMCID: PMC10434722 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cell-wall hydrolases must be tightly regulated during bacterial cell division to prevent aberrant cell lysis and to allow final separation of viable daughter cells. In a multidisciplinary work, we disclose the molecular dialogue between the cell-wall hydrolase LytB, wall teichoic acids, and the eukaryotic-like protein kinase StkP in Streptococcus pneumoniae. After characterizing the peptidoglycan recognition mode by the catalytic domain of LytB, we further demonstrate that LytB possesses a modular organization allowing the specific binding to wall teichoic acids and to the protein kinase StkP. Structural and cellular studies notably reveal that the temporal and spatial localization of LytB is governed by the interaction between specific modules of LytB and the final PASTA domain of StkP. Our data collectively provide a comprehensive understanding of how LytB performs final separation of daughter cells and highlights the regulatory role of eukaryotic-like kinases on lytic machineries in the last step of cell division in streptococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siseth Martínez-Caballero
- Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Instituto de Química-Física "Rocasolano," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Céline Freton
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, UMR 5086, Université de Lyon, CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - Rafael Molina
- Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Instituto de Química-Física "Rocasolano," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio G Bartual
- Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Instituto de Química-Física "Rocasolano," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Chryslène Mercy
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, UMR 5086, Université de Lyon, CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - Federico Gago
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Instituto de Química Médica-CSIC Associated Unit, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Kiran V Mahasenan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Inés G Muñoz
- Structural Biology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mijoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Dusan Hesek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Shahriar Mobashery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Juan A Hermoso
- Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Instituto de Química-Física "Rocasolano," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Christophe Grangeasse
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, UMR 5086, Université de Lyon, CNRS, Lyon, France.
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75
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Liu Y, Ning Y, Chen Z, Han P, Zhi T, Li S, Ma A, Jia Y. Transcriptomics reveals substance biosynthesis and transport on membranes of Listeria monocytogenes affected by antimicrobial lipopeptide brevilaterin B. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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76
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Douglas EJA, Wulandari SW, Lovell SD, Laabei M. Novel antimicrobial strategies to treat multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. Microb Biotechnol 2023; 16:1456-1474. [PMID: 37178319 PMCID: PMC10281381 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a major obstacle for the treatment of infectious diseases and currently represents one of the most significant threats to global health. Staphylococcus aureus remains a formidable human pathogen with high mortality rates associated with severe systemic infections. S. aureus has become notorious as a multidrug resistant bacterium, which when combined with its extensive arsenal of virulence factors that exacerbate disease, culminates in an incredibly challenging pathogen to treat clinically. Compounding this major health issue is the lack of antibiotic discovery and development, with only two new classes of antibiotics approved for clinical use in the last 20 years. Combined efforts from the scientific community have reacted to the threat of dwindling treatment options to combat S. aureus disease in several innovative and exciting developments. This review describes current and future antimicrobial strategies aimed at treating staphylococcal colonization and/or disease, examining therapies that show significant promise at the preclinical development stage to approaches that are currently being investigated in clinical trials.
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77
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Cifuente JO, Schulze J, Bethe A, Di Domenico V, Litschko C, Budde I, Eidenberger L, Thiesler H, Ramón Roth I, Berger M, Claus H, D'Angelo C, Marina A, Gerardy-Schahn R, Schubert M, Guerin ME, Fiebig T. A multi-enzyme machine polymerizes the Haemophilus influenzae type b capsule. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:865-877. [PMID: 37277468 PMCID: PMC10299916 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01324-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial capsules have critical roles in host-pathogen interactions. They provide a protective envelope against host recognition, leading to immune evasion and bacterial survival. Here we define the capsule biosynthesis pathway of Haemophilus influenzae serotype b (Hib), a Gram-negative bacterium that causes severe infections in infants and children. Reconstitution of this pathway enabled the fermentation-free production of Hib vaccine antigens starting from widely available precursors and detailed characterization of the enzymatic machinery. The X-ray crystal structure of the capsule polymerase Bcs3 reveals a multi-enzyme machine adopting a basket-like shape that creates a protected environment for the synthesis of the complex Hib polymer. This architecture is commonly exploited for surface glycan synthesis by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens. Supported by biochemical studies and comprehensive 2D nuclear magnetic resonance, our data explain how the ribofuranosyltransferase CriT, the phosphatase CrpP, the ribitol-phosphate transferase CroT and a polymer-binding domain function as a unique multi-enzyme assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier O Cifuente
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Julia Schulze
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrea Bethe
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Valerio Di Domenico
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Christa Litschko
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Insa Budde
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lukas Eidenberger
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hauke Thiesler
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Isabel Ramón Roth
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Monika Berger
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heike Claus
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cecilia D'Angelo
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Alberto Marina
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Rita Gerardy-Schahn
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mario Schubert
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Marcelo E Guerin
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain.
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain.
- Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Timm Fiebig
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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78
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Ganesan N, Mishra B, Felix L, Mylonakis E. Antimicrobial Peptides and Small Molecules Targeting the Cell Membrane of Staphylococcus aureus. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2023; 87:e0003722. [PMID: 37129495 PMCID: PMC10304793 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00037-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical management of Staphylococcus aureus infections presents a challenge due to the high incidence, considerable virulence, and emergence of drug resistance mechanisms. The treatment of drug-resistant strains, such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), is further complicated by the development of tolerance and persistence to antimicrobial agents in clinical use. To address these challenges, membrane disruptors, that are not generally considered during drug discovery for agents against S. aureus, should be explored. The cell membrane protects S. aureus from external stresses and antimicrobial agents, but membrane-targeting antimicrobial agents are probably less likely to promote bacterial resistance. Nontypical linear cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), highly modified AMPs such as daptomycin (lipopeptide), bacitracin (cyclic peptide), and gramicidin S (cyclic peptide), are currently in clinical use. Recent studies have demonstrated that AMPs and small molecules can penetrate the cell membrane of S. aureus, inhibit phospholipid biosynthesis, or block the passage of solutes between the periplasm and the exterior of the cell. In addition to their primary mechanism of action (MOA) that targets the bacterial membrane, AMPs and small molecules may also impact bacteria through secondary mechanisms such as targeting the biofilm, and downregulating virulence genes of S. aureus. In this review, we discuss the current state of research into cell membrane-targeting AMPs and small molecules and their potential mechanisms of action against drug-resistant physiological forms of S. aureus, including persister cells and biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narchonai Ganesan
- Infectious Diseases Division, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Biswajit Mishra
- Infectious Diseases Division, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - LewisOscar Felix
- Infectious Diseases Division, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Eleftherios Mylonakis
- Infectious Diseases Division, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
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79
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Yao H, Li G, Xiong X, Jin F, Li S, Xie X, Zhong D, Zhang R, Meng F, Yin Y, Jiao X. LygA retention on the surface of Listeria monocytogenes via its interaction with wall teichoic acid modulates bacterial homeostasis and virulence. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011482. [PMID: 37379353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Wall teichoic acid (WTA) is the abundant cell wall-associated glycopolymer in Gram-positive bacteria, playing crucial roles in surface proteins retention, bacterial homeostasis, and virulence. Hypervirulent serovar (SV) 4h Listeria monocytogenes is a newly designated serotype with only galactosylated (Gal) type II WTA. Although the surface association of some proteins relies on the WTA glycosylation, the nature and function of the noncovalent interactions between cell wall-associated proteins and WTA are less known. In this study, we found Gal-WTA plays a key role in modulating the novel glycine-tryptophan (GW) domain-containing autolysin protein LygA through direct interactions. An SV 4h strain deficient in WTA galactosylation (XYSNΔgalT) showed a dramatic reduction of LygA on the cell surface, significantly decreasing the autolytic activity, impairing the bacterial colonization in colon and brain. Notably, we demonstrated LygA binds to Gal-WTA with high affinity through the GW domain and that the extent of binding increases with the number of GW domains. Moreover, we confirmed the direct Gal-dependent binding of the GW protein Auto from the type I WTA strain, which has no interaction with l-rhamnosylated WTA, indicating that the complexity of both WTA and GW proteins can affect the coordination patterns. Altogether, our findings suggest that both the glycosylation patterns of WTA and a fixed numbers of GW domains are closely associated with the retention of LygA on the cell surface, which facilitates L. monocytogenes infection by promoting bacteria colonization in intestine and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guo Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xianglian Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fanxin Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sirui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinyu Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dan Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Renling Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fanzeng Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuelan Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin'an Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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80
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Patel H, Rawat S. A genetic regulatory see-saw of biofilm and virulence in MRSA pathogenesis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1204428. [PMID: 37434702 PMCID: PMC10332168 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1204428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common opportunistic human pathogens causing several infectious diseases. Ever since the emergence of the first methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain decades back, the organism has been a major cause of hospital-acquired infections (HA-MRSA). The spread of this pathogen across the community led to the emergence of a more virulent subtype of the strain, i.e., Community acquired Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA). Hence, WHO has declared Staphylococcus aureus as a high-priority pathogen. MRSA pathogenesis is remarkable because of the ability of this "superbug" to form robust biofilm both in vivo and in vitro by the formation of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA), extracellular DNA (eDNA), wall teichoic acids (WTAs), and capsule (CP), which are major components that impart stability to a biofilm. On the other hand, secretion of a diverse array of virulence factors such as hemolysins, leukotoxins, enterotoxins, and Protein A regulated by agr and sae two-component systems (TCS) aids in combating host immune response. The up- and downregulation of adhesion genes involved in biofilm formation and genes responsible for synthesizing virulence factors during different stages of infection act as a genetic regulatory see-saw in the pathogenesis of MRSA. This review provides insight into the evolution and pathogenesis of MRSA infections with a focus on genetic regulation of biofilm formation and virulence factors secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seema Rawat
- Microbiology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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81
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Kapil K, Xu S, Lee I, Murata H, Kwon SJ, Dordick JS, Matyjaszewski K. Highly Sensitive Detection of Bacteria by Binder-Coupled Multifunctional Polymeric Dyes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2723. [PMID: 37376368 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by pathogens are a health burden, but traditional pathogen identification methods are complex and time-consuming. In this work, we have developed well-defined, multifunctional copolymers with rhodamine B dye synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using fully oxygen-tolerant photoredox/copper dual catalysis. ATRP enabled the efficient synthesis of copolymers with multiple fluorescent dyes from a biotin-functionalized initiator. Biotinylated dye copolymers were conjugated to antibody (Ab) or cell-wall binding domain (CBD), resulting in a highly fluorescent polymeric dye-binder complex. We showed that the unique combination of multifunctional polymeric dyes and strain-specific Ab or CBD exhibited both enhanced fluorescence and target selectivity for bioimaging of Staphylococcus aureus by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. The ATRP-derived polymeric dyes have the potential as biosensors for the detection of target DNA, protein, or bacteria, as well as bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Kapil
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Shirley Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Inseon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Hironobu Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Seok-Joon Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Jonathan S Dordick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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82
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Gao WL, Fang JL, Zhu CY, Xu WF, Lyu ZY, Chan XA, Zhao QW, Li YQ. Identification and Characterization of a New Regulator, TagR, for Environmental Stress Resistance Based on the DNA Methylome of Streptomyces roseosporus. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0038023. [PMID: 37154757 PMCID: PMC10269677 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00380-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a defense that microorganisms use against extreme environmental stress, and improving resistance against environmental stress is essential for industrial actinomycetes. However, research on strain optimization utilizing DNA methylation for breakthroughs is rare. Based on DNA methylome analysis and KEGG pathway assignment in Streptomyces roseosporus, we discovered an environmental stress resistance regulator, TagR. A series of in vivo and in vitro experiments identified TagR as a negative regulator, and it is the first reported regulator of the wall teichoic acid (WTA) ABC transport system. Further study showed that TagR had a positive self-regulatory loop and m4C methylation in the promoter improved its expression. The ΔtagR mutant exhibited better hyperosmotic resistance and higher decanoic acid tolerance than the wild type, which led to a 100% increase in the yield of daptomycin. Moreover, enhancing the expression of the WTA transporter resulted in better osmotic stress resistance in Streptomyces lividans TK24, indicating the potential for wide application of the TagR-WTA transporter regulatory pathway. This research confirmed the feasibility and effectiveness of mining regulators of environmental stress resistance based on the DNA methylome, characterized the mechanism of TagR, and improved the resistance and daptomycin yield of strains. Furthermore, this research provides a new perspective on the optimization of industrial actinomycetes. IMPORTANCE This study established a novel strategy for screening regulators of environmental stress resistance based on the DNA methylome and discovered a new regulator, TagR. The TagR-WTA transporter regulatory pathway improved the resistance and antibiotic yield of strains and has the potential for wide application. Our research provides a new perspective on the optimization and reconstruction of industrial actinomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Li Gao
- First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiao-Le Fang
- First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen-Yang Zhu
- First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Feng Xu
- First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Lyu
- First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Ai Chan
- First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Wei Zhao
- First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Quan Li
- First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Hangzhou, China
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83
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Stojowska-Swędrzyńska K, Kuczyńska-Wiśnik D, Laskowska E. New Strategies to Kill Metabolically-Dormant Cells Directly Bypassing the Need for Active Cellular Processes. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1044. [PMID: 37370363 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic therapy failure is often caused by the presence of persister cells, which are metabolically-dormant bacteria capable of surviving exposure to antimicrobials. Under favorable conditions, persisters can resume growth leading to recurrent infections. Moreover, several studies have indicated that persisters may promote the evolution of antimicrobial resistance and facilitate the selection of specific resistant mutants; therefore, in light of the increasing numbers of multidrug-resistant infections worldwide, developing efficient strategies against dormant cells is of paramount importance. In this review, we present and discuss the efficacy of various agents whose antimicrobial activity is independent of the metabolic status of the bacteria as they target cell envelope structures. Since the biofilm-environment is favorable for the formation of dormant subpopulations, anti-persister strategies should also include agents that destroy the biofilm matrix or inhibit biofilm development. This article reviews examples of selected cell wall hydrolases, polysaccharide depolymerases and antimicrobial peptides. Their combination with standard antibiotics seems to be the most promising approach in combating persistent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Stojowska-Swędrzyńska
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dorota Kuczyńska-Wiśnik
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Laskowska
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
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84
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Agrawal S, Broderick NA. Inside help from the microbiome. eLife 2023; 12:e88873. [PMID: 37272924 PMCID: PMC10241506 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the role of one of the proteins produced by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum reveals a new molecule that allows this gut bacterium to support the development of fruit fly larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Agrawal
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
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85
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Walsh SK, Imrie RM, Matuszewska M, Paterson GK, Weinert LA, Hadfield JD, Buckling A, Longdon B. The host phylogeny determines viral infectivity and replication across Staphylococcus host species. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011433. [PMID: 37289828 PMCID: PMC10284401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus host shifts, where a virus transmits to and infects a novel host species, are a major source of emerging infectious disease. Genetic similarity between eukaryotic host species has been shown to be an important determinant of the outcome of virus host shifts, but it is unclear if this is the case for prokaryotes where anti-virus defences can be transmitted by horizontal gene transfer and evolve rapidly. Here, we measure the susceptibility of 64 strains of Staphylococcaceae bacteria (48 strains of Staphylococcus aureus and 16 non-S. aureus species spanning 2 genera) to the bacteriophage ISP, which is currently under investigation for use in phage therapy. Using three methods-plaque assays, optical density (OD) assays, and quantitative (q)PCR-we find that the host phylogeny explains a large proportion of the variation in susceptibility to ISP across the host panel. These patterns were consistent in models of only S. aureus strains and models with a single representative from each Staphylococcaceae species, suggesting that these phylogenetic effects are conserved both within and among host species. We find positive correlations between susceptibility assessed using OD and qPCR and variable correlations between plaque assays and either OD or qPCR, suggesting that plaque assays alone may be inadequate to assess host range. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the phylogenetic relationships between bacterial hosts can generally be used to predict the susceptibility of bacterial strains to phage infection when the susceptibility of closely related hosts is known, although this approach produced large prediction errors in multiple strains where phylogeny was uninformative. Together, our results demonstrate the ability of bacterial host evolutionary relatedness to explain differences in susceptibility to phage infection, with implications for the development of ISP both as a phage therapy treatment and as an experimental system for the study of virus host shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K. Walsh
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation; Faculty of Environment, Science, and Economy; Biosciences; University of Exeter; Cornwall; United Kingdom
- Environment and Sustainability Institute; University of Exeter; Cornwall; United Kingdom
| | - Ryan M. Imrie
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation; Faculty of Environment, Science, and Economy; Biosciences; University of Exeter; Cornwall; United Kingdom
| | - Marta Matuszewska
- Department of Medicine; University of Cambridge; Cambridge; United Kingdom
| | - Gavin K. Paterson
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute; University of Edinburgh;Edinburgh; United Kingdom
| | - Lucy A. Weinert
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cambridge; Cambridge; United Kingdom
| | - Jarrod D. Hadfield
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology; The University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh; United Kingdom
| | - Angus Buckling
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation; Faculty of Environment, Science, and Economy; Biosciences; University of Exeter; Cornwall; United Kingdom
- Environment and Sustainability Institute; University of Exeter; Cornwall; United Kingdom
| | - Ben Longdon
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation; Faculty of Environment, Science, and Economy; Biosciences; University of Exeter; Cornwall; United Kingdom
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86
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Stojković D, Petrović J, Carević T, Soković M, Liaras K. Synthetic and Semisynthetic Compounds as Antibacterials Targeting Virulence Traits in Resistant Strains: A Narrative Updated Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:963. [PMID: 37370282 PMCID: PMC10295040 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12060963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This narrative review paper provides an up-to-date overview of the potential of novel synthetic and semisynthetic compounds as antibacterials that target virulence traits in resistant strains. The review focused on research conducted in the last five years and investigated a range of compounds including azoles, indoles, thiophenes, glycopeptides, pleuromutilin derivatives, lactone derivatives, and chalcones. The emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains is a growing public health concern, and new approaches are urgently needed to combat this threat. One promising approach is to target virulence factors, which are essential for bacterial survival and pathogenesis, but not for bacterial growth. By targeting virulence factors, it may be possible to reduce the severity of bacterial infections without promoting the development of resistance. We discuss the mechanisms of action of the various compounds investigated and their potential as antibacterials. The review highlights the potential of targeting virulence factors as a promising strategy to combat antibiotic resistance and suggests that further research is needed to identify new compounds and optimize their efficacy. The findings of this review suggest that novel synthetic and semisynthetic compounds that target virulence factors have great potential as antibacterials in the fight against antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Stojković
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.S.); (J.P.); (T.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Jovana Petrović
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.S.); (J.P.); (T.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Tamara Carević
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.S.); (J.P.); (T.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Marina Soković
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.S.); (J.P.); (T.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Konstantinos Liaras
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus
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87
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Rogers NMK, McCumber AW, McMillan HM, McNamara RP, Dittmer DP, Kuehn MJ, Hendren CO, Wiesner MR. Comparative electrokinetic properties of extracellular vesicles produced by yeast and bacteria. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 225:113249. [PMID: 36905832 PMCID: PMC10085849 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, biocolloidal proteoliposomes that have been shown to be produced by all cell types studied to date and are ubiquitous in the environment. Extensive literature on colloidal particles has demonstrated the implications of surface chemistry on transport behavior. Hence, one may anticipate that physicochemical properties of EVs, particularly surface charge-associated properties, may influence EV transport and specificity of interactions with surfaces. Here we compare the surface chemistry of EVs as expressed by zeta potential (calculated from electrophoretic mobility measurements). The zeta potentials of EVs produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens, Staphylococcus aureus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were largely unaffected by changes in ionic strength and electrolyte type, but were affected by changes in pH. The addition of humic acid altered the calculated zeta potential of the EVs, especially for those from S. cerevisiae. Differences in zeta potential were compared between EVs and their respective parent cell with no consistent trend emerging; however, significant differences were discovered between the different cell types and their EVs. These findings imply that, while EV surface charge (as estimated from zeta potential) is relatively insensitive to the evaluated environmental conditions, EVs from different organisms can differ regarding which conditions will cause colloidal instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M K Rogers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Porter School of Earth and Environmental Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Alexander W McCumber
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hannah M McMillan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ryan P McNamara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dirk P Dittmer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Meta J Kuehn
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christine Ogilvie Hendren
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA; Research Institute for Environment, Energy and Economics, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
| | - Mark R Wiesner
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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88
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Noecker C, Sanchez J, Bisanz JE, Escalante V, Alexander M, Trepka K, Heinken A, Liu Y, Dodd D, Thiele I, DeFelice BC, Turnbaugh PJ. Systems biology elucidates the distinctive metabolic niche filled by the human gut microbe Eggerthella lenta. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002125. [PMID: 37205710 PMCID: PMC10234575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Human gut bacteria perform diverse metabolic functions with consequences for host health. The prevalent and disease-linked Actinobacterium Eggerthella lenta performs several unusual chemical transformations, but it does not metabolize sugars and its core growth strategy remains unclear. To obtain a comprehensive view of the metabolic network of E. lenta, we generated several complementary resources: defined culture media, metabolomics profiles of strain isolates, and a curated genome-scale metabolic reconstruction. Stable isotope-resolved metabolomics revealed that E. lenta uses acetate as a key carbon source while catabolizing arginine to generate ATP, traits which could be recapitulated in silico by our updated metabolic model. We compared these in vitro findings with metabolite shifts observed in E. lenta-colonized gnotobiotic mice, identifying shared signatures across environments and highlighting catabolism of the host signaling metabolite agmatine as an alternative energy pathway. Together, our results elucidate a distinctive metabolic niche filled by E. lenta in the gut ecosystem. Our culture media formulations, atlas of metabolomics data, and genome-scale metabolic reconstructions form a freely available collection of resources to support further study of the biology of this prevalent gut bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Noecker
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Juan Sanchez
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub–San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jordan E. Bisanz
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Veronica Escalante
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Margaret Alexander
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kai Trepka
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Almut Heinken
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Dylan Dodd
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Ines Thiele
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Brian C. DeFelice
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub–San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Peter J. Turnbaugh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub–San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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89
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Mitra S, Coopershlyak M, Li Y, Chandersekhar B, Koenig R, Chen MT, Evans B, Heinrich F, Deslouches B, Tristram-Nagle S. Novel Helical Trp- and Arg-Rich Antimicrobial Peptides Locate Near Membrane Surfaces and Rigidify Lipid Model Membranes. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2023; 3:2300013. [PMID: 37476397 PMCID: PMC10358585 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202300013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are losing effectiveness as bacteria become resistant to conventional drugs. To find new alternatives, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are rationally designed with different lengths, charges, hydrophobicities (H), and hydrophobic moments (μH), containing only three types of amino acids: arginine, tryptophan, and valine. Six AMPs with low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and <25% toxicity to mammalian cells are selected for biophysical studies. Their secondary structures are determined using circular dichroism (CD), which finds that the % α-helicity of AMPs depends on composition of the lipid model membranes (LMMs): gram-negative (G(-)) inner membrane (IM) >gram-positive (G(+)) > Euk33 (eukaryotic with 33 mol% cholesterol). The two most effective peptides, E2-35 (16 amino acid [AA] residues) and E2-05 (22 AAs), are predominantly helical in G(-) IM and G(+) LMMs. AMP/membrane interactions such as membrane elasticity, chain order parameter, and location of the peptides in the membrane are investigated by low-angle and wide-angle X-ray diffuse scattering (XDS). It is found that headgroup location correlates with efficacy and toxicity. The membrane bending modulus KC displays nonmonotonic changes due to increasing concentrations of E2-35 and E2-05 in G(-) and G(+) LMMs, suggesting a bacterial killing mechanism where domain formation causes ion and water leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheli Mitra
- Biological Physics Group Physics Department Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Mark Coopershlyak
- Biological Physics Group Physics Department Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yunshu Li
- Biological Physics Group Physics Department Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Bhairavi Chandersekhar
- Biological Physics Group Physics Department Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Rachel Koenig
- Biological Physics Group Physics Department Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Mei-Tung Chen
- Biological Physics Group Physics Department Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Brandt Evans
- Biological Physics Group Physics Department Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Frank Heinrich
- Biological Physics Group Physics Department Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Center for Neutron Research National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Berthony Deslouches
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Stephanie Tristram-Nagle
- Biological Physics Group Physics Department Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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90
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Pensinger DA, Gutierrez KV, Smith HB, Vincent WJB, Stevenson DS, Black KA, Perez-Medina KM, Dillard JP, Rhee KY, Amador-Noguez D, Huynh TN, Sauer JD. Listeria monocytogenes GlmR Is an Accessory Uridyltransferase Essential for Cytosolic Survival and Virulence. mBio 2023; 14:e0007323. [PMID: 36939339 PMCID: PMC10128056 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00073-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytosol of eukaryotic host cells is an intrinsically hostile environment for bacteria. Understanding how cytosolic pathogens adapt to and survive in the cytosol is critical to developing novel therapeutic interventions against these pathogens. The cytosolic pathogen Listeria monocytogenes requires glmR (previously known as yvcK), a gene of unknown function, for resistance to cell-wall stress, cytosolic survival, inflammasome avoidance, and, ultimately, virulence in vivo. In this study, a genetic suppressor screen revealed that blocking utilization of UDP N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) by a nonessential wall teichoic acid decoration pathway restored resistance to lysozyme and partially restored virulence of ΔglmR mutants. In parallel, metabolomic analysis revealed that ΔglmR mutants are impaired in the production of UDP-GlcNAc, an essential peptidoglycan and wall teichoic acid (WTA) precursor. We next demonstrated that purified GlmR can directly catalyze the synthesis of UDP-GlcNAc from GlcNAc-1P and UTP, suggesting that it is an accessory uridyltransferase. Biochemical analysis of GlmR orthologues suggests that uridyltransferase activity is conserved. Finally, mutational analysis resulting in a GlmR mutant with impaired catalytic activity demonstrated that uridyltransferase activity was essential to facilitate cell-wall stress responses and virulence in vivo. Taken together, these studies indicate that GlmR is an evolutionary conserved accessory uridyltransferase required for cytosolic survival and virulence of L. monocytogenes. IMPORTANCE Bacterial pathogens must adapt to their host environment in order to cause disease. The cytosolic bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes requires a highly conserved protein of unknown function, GlmR (previously known as YvcK), to survive in the host cytosol. GlmR is important for resistance to some cell-wall stresses and is essential for virulence. The ΔglmR mutant is deficient in production of an essential cell-wall metabolite, UDP-GlcNAc, and suppressors that increase metabolite levels also restore virulence. Purified GlmR can directly catalyze the synthesis of UDP-GlcNAc, and this enzymatic activity is conserved in both Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. These results highlight the importance of accessory cell wall metabolism enzymes in responding to cell-wall stress in a variety of Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Pensinger
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kimberly V. Gutierrez
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Hans B. Smith
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - William J. B. Vincent
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David S. Stevenson
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Krizia M. Perez-Medina
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Joseph P. Dillard
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kyu Y. Rhee
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Amador-Noguez
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - TuAnh N. Huynh
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - John-Demian Sauer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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91
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Koyano Y, Okajima K, Mihara M, Yamamoto H. Visualization of Wall Teichoic Acid Decoration in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 2023; 205:e0006623. [PMID: 37010431 PMCID: PMC10127673 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00066-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Teichoic acids are important for the maintenance of cell shape and growth in Gram-positive bacteria. Bacillus subtilis produces major and minor forms of wall teichoic acid (WTA) and lipoteichoic acid during vegetative growth. We found that newly synthesized WTA attachment to peptidoglycan occurs in a patch-like manner on the sidewall with the fluorescent labeling compound of the concanavalin A lectin. Similarly, WTA biosynthesis enzymes fused to the epitope tags were localized in similar patch-like patterns on the cylindrical part of the cell, and WTA transporter TagH was frequently colocalized with WTA polymerase TagF, WTA ligase TagT, and actin homolog MreB, respectively. Moreover, we found that the nascent cell wall patches, decorated with the newly glucosylated WTA, were colocalized with TagH and WTA ligase TagV. In the cylindrical part, the newly glucosylated WTA patchily inserted into the bottom of the cell wall layer and finally reached the outermost layer of the cell wall after approximately half an hour. Incorporation of newly glucosylated WTA was arrested with the addition of vancomycin but restored with the removal of the antibiotic. These results are consistent with the prevailing model that WTA precursors are attached to newly synthesized peptidoglycan. IMPORTANCE In Gram-positive bacteria, the cell wall is composed of mesh-like peptidoglycan and covalently linked wall teichoic acid (WTA). It is unclear where WTA decorates peptidoglycan to create a cell wall architecture. Here, we demonstrate that nascent WTA decoration occurred in a patch-like manner at the peptidoglycan synthesis sites on the cytoplasmic membrane. The incorporated cell wall with newly glucosylated WTA in the cell wall layer then reached the outermost layer of the cell wall after approximately half an hour. Incorporation of newly glucosylated WTA was arrested with the addition of vancomycin but restored with the removal of the antibiotic. These results are consistent with the prevailing model that WTA precursors are attached to newly synthesized peptidoglycan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Koyano
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kiyoshirou Okajima
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Mako Mihara
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
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92
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Smola-Dmochowska A, Lewicka K, Macyk A, Rychter P, Pamuła E, Dobrzyński P. Biodegradable Polymers and Polymer Composites with Antibacterial Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087473. [PMID: 37108637 PMCID: PMC10138923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest threats to global health and food security today. It becomes increasingly difficult to treat infectious disorders because antibiotics, even the newest ones, are becoming less and less effective. One of the ways taken in the Global Plan of Action announced at the World Health Assembly in May 2015 is to ensure the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. In order to do so, attempts are made to develop new antimicrobial therapeutics, including biomaterials with antibacterial activity, such as polycationic polymers, polypeptides, and polymeric systems, to provide non-antibiotic therapeutic agents, such as selected biologically active nanoparticles and chemical compounds. Another key issue is preventing food from contamination by developing antibacterial packaging materials, particularly based on degradable polymers and biocomposites. This review, in a cross-sectional way, describes the most significant research activities conducted in recent years in the field of the development of polymeric materials and polymer composites with antibacterial properties. We particularly focus on natural polymers, i.e., polysaccharides and polypeptides, which present a mechanism for combating many highly pathogenic microorganisms. We also attempt to use this knowledge to obtain synthetic polymers with similar antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Smola-Dmochowska
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Kamila Lewicka
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Alicja Macyk
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Av., 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Rychter
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pamuła
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Av., 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Dobrzyński
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
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93
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Zhang B, Phetsang W, Stone MRL, Kc S, Butler MS, Cooper MA, Elliott AG, Łapińska U, Voliotis M, Tsaneva-Atanasova K, Pagliara S, Blaskovich MAT. Synthesis of vancomycin fluorescent probes that retain antimicrobial activity, identify Gram-positive bacteria, and detect Gram-negative outer membrane damage. Commun Biol 2023; 6:409. [PMID: 37055536 PMCID: PMC10102067 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04745-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is an urgent threat to human health, and new antibacterial drugs are desperately needed, as are research tools to aid in their discovery and development. Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that is widely used for the treatment of Gram-positive infections, such as life-threatening systemic diseases caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Here we demonstrate that modification of vancomycin by introduction of an azide substituent provides a versatile intermediate that can undergo copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction with various alkynes to readily prepare vancomycin fluorescent probes. We describe the facile synthesis of three probes that retain similar antibacterial profiles to the parent vancomycin antibiotic. We demonstrate the versatility of these probes for the detection and visualisation of Gram-positive bacteria by a range of methods, including plate reader quantification, flow cytometry analysis, high-resolution microscopy imaging, and single cell microfluidics analysis. In parallel, we demonstrate their utility in measuring outer-membrane permeabilisation of Gram-negative bacteria. The probes are useful tools that may facilitate detection of infections and development of new antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Wanida Phetsang
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - M Rhia L Stone
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Sanjaya Kc
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Mark S Butler
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Alysha G Elliott
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Urszula Łapińska
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4Q, UK
| | - Margaritis Voliotis
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
- Department of Mathematics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, UK
| | - Krasimira Tsaneva-Atanasova
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
- Department of Mathematics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, UK
- EPSRC Hub for Quantitative Modelling in Healthcare, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QJ, UK
- Department of Bioinformatics and Mathematical Modelling, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 105 Acad. G. Bonchev Street, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stefano Pagliara
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4Q, UK
| | - Mark A T Blaskovich
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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94
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Brogan AP, Rudner DZ. Regulation of peptidoglycan hydrolases: localization, abundance, and activity. Curr Opin Microbiol 2023; 72:102279. [PMID: 36812681 PMCID: PMC10031507 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2023.102279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Most bacteria are surrounded by a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan (PG) that specifies shape and protects the cell from osmotic rupture. Growth, division, and morphogenesis are intimately linked to the synthesis of this exoskeleton but also its hydrolysis. The enzymes that cleave the PG meshwork require careful control to prevent aberrant hydrolysis and loss of envelope integrity. Bacteria employ diverse mechanisms to control the activity, localization, and abundance of these potentially autolytic enzymes. Here, we discuss four examples of how cells integrate these control mechanisms to finely tune cell wall hydrolysis. We highlight recent advances and exciting avenues for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P Brogan
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David Z Rudner
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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95
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Zeng H, Cheng M, Liu J, Hu C, Lin S, Cui R, Li H, Ye W, Wang L, Huang W. Pyrimirhodomyrtone inhibits Staphylococcus aureus by affecting the activity of NagA. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 210:115455. [PMID: 36780990 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
The epidemic of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections has created a critical health threat. The drug resistance of MRSA makes the development of drugs with new modes of action particularly urgent. In this study, we found that a natural product derivative pyrimirhodomyrtone (PRM) exerted antibacterial activity against S. aureus, including MRSA, both in vitro and in vivo. Genetic and biochemical studies revealed the interaction between PRM and N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate deacetylase (NagA) and the inhibitory effect of PRM on its deacetylation activity. We also found that PRM causes depolarization and destroys the integrity of the cell membrane. The elucidation of the antibacterial mechanism will inspire the subsequent development of new anti-MRSA drugs based on PRM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zeng
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Minjing Cheng
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chunxia Hu
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Shilin Lin
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruiqin Cui
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Wencai Ye
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China.
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96
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Cho H. Assembly of Bacterial Surface Glycopolymers as an Antibiotic Target. J Microbiol 2023; 61:359-367. [PMID: 36951963 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-023-00032-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial cells are covered with various glycopolymers such as peptidoglycan (PG), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), teichoic acids, and capsules. Among these glycopolymers, PG assembly is the target of some of our most effective antibiotics, consistent with its essentiality and uniqueness to bacterial cells. Biosynthesis of other surface glycopolymers have also been acknowledged as potential targets for developing therapies to control bacterial infections, because of their importance for bacterial survival in the host environment. Moreover, biosynthesis of most surface glycopolymers are closely related to PG assembly because the same lipid carrier is shared for glycopolymer syntheses. In this review, I provide an overview of PG assembly and antibiotics that target this pathway. Then, I discuss the implications of a common lipid carrier being used for assembly of PG and other surface glycopolymers in antibiotic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbaek Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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97
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Pecoraro C, Carbone D, Parrino B, Cascioferro S, Diana P. Recent Developments in the Inhibition of Bacterial Adhesion as Promising Anti-Virulence Strategy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054872. [PMID: 36902301 PMCID: PMC10002502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by antimicrobial-resistant strains have become a serious threat to global health, with a high social and economic impact. Multi-resistant bacteria exhibit various mechanisms at both the cellular and microbial community levels. Among the different strategies proposed to fight antibiotic resistance, we reckon that the inhibition of bacterial adhesion to host surfaces represents one of the most valid approaches, since it hampers bacterial virulence without affecting cell viability. Many different structures and biomolecules involved in the adhesion of Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens can be considered valuable targets for the development of promising tools to enrich our arsenal against pathogens.
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98
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Han Z, Meng R, Zhao H, Gao X, Zhao Y, Han Y, Liu F, Tucker ME, Deng J, Yan H. The incorporation of Mg 2+ ions into aragonite during biomineralization: Implications for the dolomitization of aragonite. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1078430. [PMID: 36778848 PMCID: PMC9909399 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1078430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria can facilitate the increase of Mg2+ content in biotic aragonite, but the molecular mechanisms of the incorporation of Mg2+ ion into aragonite facilitated by bacteria are still unclear and the dolomitization of aragonite grains is rarely reported. In our laboratory experiments, the content of Mg2+ ions in biotic aragonite is higher than that in inorganically-precipitated aragonite and we hypothesize that the higher Mg content may enhance the subsequent dolomitization of aragonite. In this study, biotic aragonite was induced by Bacillus licheniformis Y1 at different Mg/Ca molar ratios. XRD data show that only aragonite was precipitated in the media with Mg/Ca molar ratios at 6, 9, and 12 after culturing for 25 days. The EDS and atomic absorption results show that the content of Mg2+ ions in biotic aragonite increased with rising Mg/Ca molar ratios. In addition, our analyses show that the EPS from the bacteria and the organics extracted from the interior of the biotic aragonite contain the same biomolecules, including Ala, Gly, Glu and hexadecanoic acid. The content of Mg2+ ions in the aragonite precipitates mediated by biomolecules is significantly higher than that in inorganically-precipitated aragonite. Additionally, compared with Ala and Gly, the increase of the Mg2+ ions content in aragonite promoted by Glu and hexadecanoic acid is more significant. The DFT (density functional theory) calculations reveal that the energy needed for Mg2+ ion incorporation into aragonite mediated by Glu, hexadecanoic acid, Gly and Ala increased gradually, but was lower than that without acidic biomolecules. The experiments also show that the Mg2+ ion content in the aragonite significantly increased with the increasing concentration of biomolecules. In a medium with high Mg2+ concentration and with bacteria, after 2 months, micron-sized dolomite rhombs were precipitated on the surfaces of the aragonite particles. This study may provide new insights into the important role played by biomolecules in the incorporation of the Mg2+ ions into aragonite. Moreover, these experiments may contribute towards our understanding of the dolomitization of aragonite in the presence of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuozhen Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, College of Earth Science and Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Center for Isotope Geochemistry and Geochronology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruirui Meng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, College of Earth Science and Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Center for Isotope Geochemistry and Geochronology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, College of Earth Science and Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Center for Isotope Geochemistry and Geochronology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, College of Earth Science and Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Center for Isotope Geochemistry and Geochronology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanyang Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, College of Earth Science and Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Center for Isotope Geochemistry and Geochronology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Han
- School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China.,State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Beijing, China
| | - Maurice E Tucker
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Cabot Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jiarong Deng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, College of Earth Science and Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Center for Isotope Geochemistry and Geochronology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Huaxiao Yan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, College of Earth Science and Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Center for Isotope Geochemistry and Geochronology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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99
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Potential Effect of Giant Freshwater Prawn Shell Nano Chitosan in Inhibiting the Development of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis Biofilm In Vitro. Int J Dent 2023; 2023:8890750. [PMID: 36819639 PMCID: PMC9937774 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8890750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
An oral biofilm comprises a variety of bacteria including Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis that cause human infections, such as caries and periodontitis. Thus, biofilm management plays an important part in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases. Nano chitosan is a bioactive material that has antimicrobial activities. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of nano chitosan synthesized from giant freshwater prawn shells (PSNC) on S. mutans and S. sanguinis biofilm development. PSNC was prepared from the extracted chitosan of giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) shells using the ionic gelation method. The effect of PSNC on S. mutans ATCC 25175 and S. sanguinis ATCC10556 biofilm formation was evaluated using the crystal violet assay. Both bacteria were inoculated in the presence of various concentrations (5, 2.5, and 1.25 mg/ml) of PSNC for 24 h and 48 h. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy were performed to visualize and study the biofilm architectural features. The biofilms were stained with the BacLight Bacterial Viability Kit prior to CLSM observation to monitor the viability of the biofilm. The results showed that PSNC exposure for 24 h and 48 h inhibited the formation of S. mutans and S. sanguinis biofilms. The biofilm formation inhibition percentage increased with an increase in the PSNC concentration (p < 0.05). The highest inhibitory activity was shown at 5 mg/ml PSNC (p < 0.05). Those findings were confirmed by the subsequent findings using the CLSM and SEM analyses. The biofilm architecture was strongly disrupted upon treatment with PSNC. After exposure to 5 mg/ml PSNC, the number of bacteria significantly decreased. The remaining bacteria were seen as individual cells, showing damaged cells. In conclusion, PSNC inhibits the development of S. mutans and S. sanguinis biofilm in vitro, indicating the potential of PSNC in clinical application for oral bacterial infection, prevention, and treatment.
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Rohokale R, Guo Z. Development in the Concept of Bacterial Polysaccharide Repeating Unit-Based Antibacterial Conjugate Vaccines. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:178-212. [PMID: 36706246 PMCID: PMC9930202 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The surface of cells is coated with a dense layer of glycans, known as the cell glycocalyx. The complex glycans in the glycocalyx are involved in various biological events, such as bacterial pathogenesis, protection of bacteria from environmental stresses, etc. Polysaccharides on the bacterial cell surface are highly conserved and accessible molecules, and thus they are excellent immunological targets. Consequently, bacterial polysaccharides and their repeating units have been extensively studied as antigens for the development of antibacterial vaccines. This Review surveys the recent developments in the synthetic and immunological investigations of bacterial polysaccharide repeating unit-based conjugate vaccines against several human pathogenic bacteria. The major challenges associated with the development of functional carbohydrate-based antibacterial conjugate vaccines are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Rohokale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States of America
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States of America
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