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Urell C, Zetterberg L, Hellström K, Anens E. Factors explaining physical activity level in Parkinson´s disease: A gender focus. Physiother Theory Pract 2019; 37:507-516. [PMID: 31387476 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2019.1630875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the multivariate associations between self-rated level of physical activity and demographic characteristics, self-efficacy for physical activity, fall-related self-efficacy, fear of falling, enjoyment from participation in physical activity, social support, fatigue, and health-related quality of life in persons with PD with a focus on gender.Method: Participants were persons with PD (n = 285, mean age 69.1 ± 7 years). Self-reported scales measuring level of physical activity (Physical Activity Disability Survey-Revised), enjoyment of physical activity (study- specific questions), self-efficacy for physical activity (Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale), fall-related self-efficacy (Falls Efficacy Scale), social support (Social Influences on Physical Activity), fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale) and health-related quality of life (Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39) were used. The response rate was 58.2%.Results: Multiple regression analyses showed that 54.5% of the level of physical activity was explained by low-degree limitations in mobility and activities of daily life (ADL), being younger, higher self-efficacy for physical activity, communication limitations, bodily discomfort, social support and shorter time since diagnosis. Enjoyment of physical activity explained the level of physical activity for women, whereas self-efficacy for physical activity explained the level of physical activity for men.Conclusion: Implementing strategies to increase functional mobility, self-efficacy for physical activity, social support, and enjoyment of physical activity might facilitate persons with PD beginning and/or maintain different physical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Urell
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiotherapy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lena Zetterberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiotherapy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Hellström
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiotherapy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Anens
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiotherapy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Golaszewski NM, Bartholomew JB. The Development of the Physical Activity and Social Support Scale. JOURNAL OF SPORT & EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 41:215-229. [PMID: 31461243 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2018-0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Research suggests 5 forms of social support: companionship, emotional, informational, instrumental, and validation. Despite this, existing measures of social support for physical activity are limited to emotional, companionship, and instrumental support. The purpose was to develop the Physical Activity and Social Support Scale (PASSS) with subscales that reflected all 5 forms. Participants (N = 506, mean age = 34.3 yr) who were active at least twice per week completed a 235-item questionnaire assessing physical activity behaviors, social support for physical activity, general social support, and other psychosocial questions. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to develop and validate the PASSS. Exploratory factor analysis supported a 5-factor, 20-item model, χ2(100) = 146.22, p < .05, root mean square error of approximation = .05. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated good fit, Satorra–Bentler χ2(143) = 199.57, p < .001, root mean square error of approximation = .04, comparative-fit index = .97, standardized root mean square residual = .06. Findings support the PASSS to measure all 5 forms for physical activity.
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PTSD is associated with poor health behavior and greater Body Mass Index through depression, increasing cardiovascular disease and diabetes risk among U.S. veterans. Prev Med Rep 2019; 15:100930. [PMID: 31338278 PMCID: PMC6627033 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes. Dedert and colleagues hypothesized a model whereby PTSD leads to poor health behaviors, depression, and pre-clinical disease markers, and that these factors lead to CVD and diabetes (Ann Behav Med, 2010, 61–78). This study provides a preliminary test of that model. Using data from a mailed cross-sectional survey conducted 2012–2013, path analysis was conducted among N = 657 with complete demographic data. We first analyzed the hypothesized model, followed by four alternatives, to identify the best-fitting model. The alternate model that specified pathways from depression to health behaviors had the best fit. Contrary to hypotheses, higher PTSD symptoms were associated with better physical activity and diet quality. Of the specific indirect pathways from PTSD to Body Mass Index (BMI), only the path through depression was significant. Higher depression symptoms were significantly associated with less physical activity, poorer diet, and greater likelihood of smoking. In addition, the specific indirect effect from depression to BMI through physical activity was significant. Current smoking and higher BMI were associated with greater likelihood of diabetes, and hypertension was associated with greater likelihood of CVD. PTSD symptoms may increase risk for CVD and diabetes through the negative impact of depression on health behaviors and BMI. With or without PTSD, depression may be an important target in interventions targeting cardiovascular and metabolic diseases among veterans. We examined a model of the association of PTSD with CVD and diabetes in veterans. PTSD without depression was associated with better physical activity and diet quality. Depression accounted for associations of PTSD with BMI and poor health behaviors. Health behaviors should be targeted in those with depression to improve health.
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Identifying the exercise-based support needs and exercise programme preferences among men with prostate cancer during active surveillance: A qualitative study. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2019; 41:135-142. [PMID: 31358246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to investigate the attitudes and preferences men on active surveillance for prostate cancer have regarding exercise and exercise-based support. Exercise outcomes align with traditionally masculine values, can improve mental and physical health, and may even slow early stage prostate cancer progression. However, attitudes and preferences towards exercise and exercise support are unexplored in men on active surveillance. METHODS Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with participants (13 males with a history of active surveillance for prostate cancer; 5 female partners). Interviews were conducted either by telephone or in person and audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analysed. RESULTS Several key themes were identified relating to the two research aims: 'Attitudes and Preferences towards Exercise, and 'Attitudes and Preferences towards Exercise Support'. Despite all men engaging in exercise, the majority did not meet the recommended guidelines for cancer survivors. The majority of men either were interested in receiving exercise support or had previously received it, often recommending this for all men on active surveillance. There were varied preferences regarding delivery modality (i.e., online or face to face), the inclusion of partners, and group versus individual formats. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a novel insight into the attitudes and preferences of men on active surveillance regarding exercise and support. This research will help the development of acceptable and accessible person-centred support for men on active surveillance. However, further research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of different delivery modalities in this population.
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Reljic D, Lampe D, Wolf F, Zopf Y, Herrmann HJ, Fischer J. Prevalence and predictors of dropout from high-intensity interval training in sedentary individuals: A meta-analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:1288-1304. [PMID: 31050061 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an effective method to improve fitness and various health markers. However, the tolerability and acceptability of HIIT among sedentary individuals is currently controversially discussed. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the prevalence and predictors of dropout among sedentary individuals in HIIT-based exercise interventions. MEDLINE/PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science were searched systematically for relevant articles until 06/2018. Studies included were required to (a) be written in English, (b) include sedentary healthy adults, (c) use some form of HIIT without any complementary intervention, (d) last ≥4 weeks, (e) report detailed description of the applied HIIT protocol, and (f) report data that allow calculation of a dropout rate. Fifty-five studies reporting results from 67 HIIT interventions with 1318 participants met the eligibility criteria. The trim and fill adjusted pooled dropout rate across all interventions was 17.6% (95% confidence interval 14.2-21.5%). Dropout rates were significantly lower in cycling-based interventions compared with studies using running/walking as exercise modality (P < 0.001). Longer session time (β = 0.02, P < 0.05), higher time effort/week (β = 0.005, P < 0.05), and overall time effort/intervention (β = 0.0003, P < 0.05) predicted greater dropout. Exercise intensity was not related to dropout. Our data suggest that HIIT-based interventions are tolerable and acceptable for previously sedentary individuals, exhibiting generally lower dropout rates than commonly reported for traditional exercise programs. Given the association between HIIT volume and dropouts, future studies should further focus on identifying the minimally effective dose of practical HIIT for improving health status. Such efforts would be important to increase implementation and public health impact of HIIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Reljic
- Department of Medicine 1, Gastroenterology, Pneumology and Endocrinology, Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - David Lampe
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Franziska Wolf
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yurdagül Zopf
- Department of Medicine 1, Gastroenterology, Pneumology and Endocrinology, Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans Joachim Herrmann
- Department of Medicine 1, Gastroenterology, Pneumology and Endocrinology, Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joachim Fischer
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Lundqvist S, Börjesson M, Larsson MEH, Cider Å, Hagberg L. Which patients benefit from physical activity on prescription (PAP)? A prospective observational analysis of factors that predict increased physical activity. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:482. [PMID: 31046720 PMCID: PMC6498468 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6830-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is robust evidence that regular physical activity (PA) has positive health effects. However, the best PA methods and the most important correlates for promoting PA remain unclear. Physical activity on prescription (PAP) aims to increase the patient’s motivation for and level of PA. This study investigated possible predictive baseline correlates associated with changes in the PA level over a 6-month period of PAP treatment in order to identify the primary care patients most likely to benefit from a PAP intervention. Methods The study included 444 patients with metabolic risk factors who were aged 27 to 85 years and physically inactive. The patients received PAP treatment that included individual counseling plus an individually-tailored PA recommendation with a written prescription and individualised structured follow-up for 6 months. Eight baseline correlates of PA were analysed against the PA level at the 6-month follow-up in a predictor analysis. Results Five baseline correlates predicted the PA level at the 6-month follow-up: self-efficacy expectations for changing PA; the patient’s preparedness and confidence regarding readiness to change PA; a BMI < 30; and a positive valued physical health. The proportion of patients increasing the PA level and achieving a PA level that was in accordance with public health recommendations was higher with a positive valued baseline correlate. The odds of achieving the recommended PA level increased substantially when 2 to 4 predictive correlates were present. PA levels increased to a greater extent among patients with low PA at baseline than patients with high PA at baseline, especially in combination with 2 to 4 positively-valued correlates (87–95% vs. 62–75%). Conclusions This study identified potential predictive correlates of an increased PA level after a 6-month PAP intervention. This contributes to our understanding of PAP and could help individualise PAP support. The proportion of patients with the lowest PA level at baseline increased their PA level in a higher extent (84%) and thus may benefit the most from PAP. These results have clinical implications for behavioural change in those patients having the greatest health gains by increasing their PA level. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT03586011. Retrospectively registered on July 17, 2018. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-6830-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Lundqvist
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Unit of Physiotherapy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Närhälsan Göteborg centrum för fysisk aktivitet, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Mats Börjesson
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, Faculty of Education, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria E H Larsson
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Unit of Physiotherapy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Närhälsan Research and Development Primary Health Care, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Åsa Cider
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Unit of Physiotherapy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Hagberg
- University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Effects of an Exercise and Mental Activity Program for People With Dementia and Their Care Partners. J Aging Phys Act 2019; 27:276-283. [DOI: 10.1123/japa.2017-0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Johnson A, Maiberger M, Donegan S, Kaplan NC, Kinner P. Cost Effectiveness of Two Lifestyle Interventions in the Vermont WISEWOMAN Program. Prev Chronic Dis 2019; 16:E31. [PMID: 30900547 PMCID: PMC6477874 DOI: 10.5888/pcd16.180417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Low-income women are disproportionately overweight or obese. The Vermont WISEWOMAN (Well Integrated Screening and Evaluation for Women Across the Nation) program, which serves Vermont women whose annual income is less than 250% of the federal poverty level, pays for members to attend 1 of 2 different evidence-based weight loss programs, Weight Watchers or Curves Complete. Purpose and Objectives We evaluated cost effectiveness of the weight-loss programs, conducted from April 2014 through March 2016, to determine which represented the best investment of WISEWOMAN program funds. Intervention Approach Vermont WISEWOMAN members who were overweight or obese during screening and who identified weight loss as a goal were invited to participate in 1 of the 2 programs on the basis of their place of residence and local Weight Watchers or Curves Complete contractual agreements with the Vermont WISEWOMAN program. Evaluation Methods Program costs and benefits were collected for a 2-year period and used to calculate the cost per participant who completed the program and the cost per participant who achieved the weight reduction goal of a 5% or more loss in body weight. Results The cost per participant achieving the weight reduction goal with Curves Complete ($8,613) was approximately 5 times the cost for Weight Watchers ($1,610). Implications for Public Health Weight Watchers, the evidence-based program with the simplest administrative structure, was significantly more cost effective than Curves Complete. Results suggest that overweight or obese low-income women aged 30 to 64 can lose 5% or more of their body weight more cost effectively through Weight Watchers than through Curves Complete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Johnson
- Vermont Department of Health, 108 Cherry St, Burlington, VT 05401.
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Koolen EH, van Hees HW, van Lummel RC, Dekhuijzen R, Djamin RS, Spruit MA, van 't Hul AJ. "Can do" versus "do do": A Novel Concept to Better Understand Physical Functioning in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E340. [PMID: 30862102 PMCID: PMC6463143 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8030340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical capacity (PC) and physical activity (PA) represent associated but separate domains of physical function. It remains unknown whether this framework may support a better understanding of the impaired physical function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The current study had two aims: (1) to determine the distribution of patients with COPD over the PC-PA quadrants, and (2) to explore whether differences exist in clinical characteristics between these quadrants. METHODS In this retrospective study, PC was measured using the six-minute walk distance (6MWD), and PA was assessed with an accelerometer. Moreover, patients' clinical characteristics were obtained. Patients were divided into the following quadrants: (I) low PC (6MWD <70% predicted), low PA, using a step-defined inactivity index (<5000 steps/day, "can't do, don't do" quadrant); (II) preserved PC, low PA ("can do, don't do" quadrant); (III) low PC, preserved PA ("can't do, do do" quadrant); and (IV) preserved PC, preserved PA ("can do, do do" quadrant). RESULTS The distribution of the 662 COPD patients over the quadrants was as follows: "can't do, don't do": 34%; "can do, don't do": 14%; "can't do, do do": 21%; and "can do, do do": 31%. Statistically significant differences between quadrants were found for all clinical characteristics, except for educational levels. CONCLUSIONS This study proves the applicability of the PC-PA quadrant concept in COPD. This concept serves as a pragmatic clinical tool, that may be useful in the understanding of the impaired physical functioning in COPD patients and therefore, may improve the selection of appropriate interventions to improve physical function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore H Koolen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Hieronymus W van Hees
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Richard Dekhuijzen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Remco S Djamin
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Amphia Hospital, 4819 EV Breda, The Netherlands.
| | - Martijn A Spruit
- Department of Research and Education, CIRO+, Center of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure, 6085 NM Horn, The Netherlands.
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Center, BIOMED-Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 BE Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Alex J van 't Hul
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Yao CJ, Basner M. Healthy behaviors competing for time: associations of sleep and exercise in working Americans. Sleep Health 2019; 5:23-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Rodriguez-Hernandez MG, Wadsworth DW. The effect of 2 walking programs on aerobic fitness, body composition, and physical activity in sedentary office employees. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210447. [PMID: 30695080 PMCID: PMC6350957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The present study examined changes in body composition, maximum oxygen uptake, and physical activity in sedentary office employees prescribed with two different walking programs during a 10-week intervention. Methods 68 sedentary employees were randomly assigned to one of three groups: multiple bouts of walking (n = 24 (5 male, 19 female) Age = 46±9, BMI = 30.5±5.78 kg/m2), continuous walking (n = 22 (6 male, 16 female) Age = 48±9, BMI = 30.6±6.2 kg/m2) and the control group (n = 22 (5 male, 17 female) Age = 42±10, BMI = 27.5±5.23 kg/m2). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (iDXA) assessed body composition and a Bruce protocol treadmill test assessed aerobic fitness at baseline and week 11. At baseline, week 6 and week 11 a waist worn accelerometer measured physical activity and sedentary behavior. Physical activity was measured throughout the program with a wrist worn accelerometer. Results The results from the mixed-design ANOVA show that fat mass (p < .000) and fat percentage (p < .000) decreased for all three groups as a main effect of time. Sedentary behavior did not change (p>0.05) for all three groups. Moderate intensity physical activity increased significantly from pre-test to week 6 (p<0.05), then decreased from week 6 to post-test (p<0.05), with no significant changes observed from pre-test to post-test (p>0.05) for all groups. No changes in VO2 were observed (p>0.05) for all groups. Conclusions Continuous or intermittent walking activity produce similar benefits on body weight, fat mass and body fat percentage in sedentary employees. Meanwhile, intermittent walking allowed these sedentary employees to increase lean mass and fat free mass. Intermittent walking could provide at least similar benefits on body composition compared to a continuous walking program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mynor G. Rodriguez-Hernandez
- Education Department, University of Costa Rica, San Ramón, Alajuela, Costa Rica
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail: ,
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Lin K, Liu T. Exercise on bipolar disorder in humans. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 147:189-198. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Rebar AL, Johnston R, Paterson JL, Short CE, Schoeppe S, Vandelanotte C. A Test of How Australian Adults Allocate Time for Physical Activity. Behav Med 2019; 45:1-6. [PMID: 28759341 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2017.1361902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The most common reported barrier to physical activity is a lack of sufficient time. Just like most resources in economics are finite, so too is time within a day. We utilized a time-utility model to better understand how people are allocating time for physical activity. Additionally, we tested whether the allocation of physical activity time impacts people's perception of "lack of time" as a barrier for physical activity or their likelihood of being sufficiently physical active. Australian adults (N = 725 participants, 54% men) reported their time use throughout their day, perceived lack of time as a barrier to activity, and physical activity. Cluster analysis and χ2-tests were used to test the study research questions. People tended to either be entirely inactive (29%) or active while doing either leisure (18%), occupation (18%), transport (14%), or household (22%) activities. Those who were active during their leisure or transport time were most likely to be sufficiently active. There were no significant differences among clusters in how much people perceived that lack of time was a physical activity barrier. The commonly reported barrier of not having enough time to be active might be a fallacy. Although a lack of time is a commonly reported barrier of physical activity, these findings bring to light that increasing physical activity behavior is not as simple as adding more time to the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Rebar
- a Physical Activity Research Group, School of Health, Medical, and Applied Sciences , Central Queensland University , Rockhampton , QLD , Australia
| | - Renee Johnston
- a Physical Activity Research Group, School of Health, Medical, and Applied Sciences , Central Queensland University , Rockhampton , QLD , Australia
| | - Jessica L Paterson
- b Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical, and Applied Sciences , Central Queensland University , Adelaide , SA , Australia
| | - Camille E Short
- c Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health; School of Medicine , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , SA , Australia
| | - Stephanie Schoeppe
- a Physical Activity Research Group, School of Health, Medical, and Applied Sciences , Central Queensland University , Rockhampton , QLD , Australia
| | - Corneel Vandelanotte
- a Physical Activity Research Group, School of Health, Medical, and Applied Sciences , Central Queensland University , Rockhampton , QLD , Australia
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Kazi A, Haslam C, Duncan M, Clemes S, Twumasi R. Sedentary behaviour and health at work: an investigation of industrial sector, job role, gender and geographical differences. ERGONOMICS 2019; 62:21-30. [PMID: 29925296 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2018.1489981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This article presents baseline data from 1120 employees across 10 worksites enrolled in a workplace physical activity intervention. The study provides new data on physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and health and highlights gender, geographical, job type and industrial sector differences. Sitting at work accounted for more than 60% of participants' total daily sitting time on work days. Weekly and monthly hours worked, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were significantly higher for workers in the private sector compared to the public sector. Employees in sales and customer services had significantly higher BMI scores and significantly lower scores for workability index (WAI), job satisfaction, organisational commitment and job motivation, compared to other groups. This study provides further evidence that work is a major contributor to sedentary behaviour and supports the pressing need for interventions particularly targeting private sector industries and sales and customer service sectors. Practitioner Summary: Work accounts for more than 60% of the daily sitting time. Private sector employees had higher BMIs than those in the public sector and employees in sales and customer services had higher BMIs and poorer health compared to other occupations, suggesting that these groups should be targeted in workplace interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aadil Kazi
- a NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary's Hospital , London , UK
| | - Cheryl Haslam
- b School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences , Loughborough University , Leicestershire , UK
| | - Myanna Duncan
- c Department of Psychology , Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London , London , UK
| | - Stacy Clemes
- b School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences , Loughborough University , Leicestershire , UK
| | - Ricardo Twumasi
- d Alliance Manchester Business School , The University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
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Hewett ZL, Pumpa KL, Smith CA, Fahey PP, Cheema BS. Predictors of and barriers to adherence in a 16-week randomised controlled trial of Bikram yoga in stressed and sedentary adults. Complement Ther Med 2018; 42:374-380. [PMID: 30670270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bikram yoga may enhance health outcomes in healthy adults and those at risk for chronic disease, however, challenges remain in achieving optimal adherence to this practice. This study investigated factors influencing adherence to a 16-week Bikram yoga intervention in stressed and sedentary adults. METHODS Experimental group participants (n = 29) were instructed to attend 3-5 Bikram yoga classes weekly for 16 weeks. Baseline demographics, behaviours and health measures were investigated as predictors of adherence. Barriers were assessed via documentation of adverse events, and exit survey responses. RESULTS Participants (38.2 ± 10.1 years) were predominantly overweight-obese (83%), female (79%), and attended 27 ± 18 classes. Higher adherence was associated with older age (p = 0.094), less pain (p = 0.011), fewer physical limitations (p = 0.011), poorer blood lipid profile, and higher heart rate variability (HRV; total power, (p = 0.097)). In multi-variable analysis, three variables: age (β = 0.492, p = 0.006), HRV (β = 0.413, p = 0.021) and pain (β = 0.329, p = 0.048) remained predictors of adherence. Difficulty committing to the trial, lack of enjoyment and adverse events were barriers to adherence. CONCLUSIONS These findings should be considered in the development of future Bikram yoga trials to facilitate higher levels of adherence, which may enhance health outcomes and inform community practice. Future trials should investigate and address additional barriers and facilitators of Bikram yoga practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe L Hewett
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia.
| | - Kate L Pumpa
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2617, Australia.
| | - Caroline A Smith
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia.
| | - Paul P Fahey
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia.
| | - Birinder S Cheema
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia; National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia.
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66
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Gilli F, Skafidas S, Zoppirolli C, Pellegrini B, Nollo G, Mantovani W, Torri E, Migazzi M, Schena F. Semi-structured physical activity intervention in daily life: a good compromise between effectiveness and feasibility. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-018-0487-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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67
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de Matos MA, Vieira DV, Pinhal KC, Lopes JF, Dias-Peixoto MF, Pauli JR, de Castro Magalhães F, Little JP, Rocha-Vieira E, Amorim FT. High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Markers of Oxidative Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle of Individuals With Obesity and Insulin Resistance. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1451. [PMID: 30429793 PMCID: PMC6220130 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The excess body fat characteristic of obesity is related to various metabolic alterations, which includes insulin resistance (IR). Among the non-pharmacological measures used to improve insulin sensitivity are aerobic physical training, such as high-intensity interval training (HIIT). This study investigated the effects of 8 weeks of HIIT on blood and skeletal muscle markers related to IR and oxidative metabolism in physically inactive individuals with obesity and compared the changes between insulin resistant and non-insulin resistant phenotypes. Methods: Initially to investigate the effect of obesity and IR in the analyzed parameters, insulin-sensitive eutrophic volunteers (CON; n = 9) and obese non-insulin (OB; n = 9) and insulin-resistant (OBR; n = 8) were enrolled. Volunteers with obesity completed 8 weeks of HIIT in a cycle ergometer. Venous blood and vastus lateralis muscle samples were obtained before and after the HIIT. Body composition and peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) were estimated before and after HIIT. Results: HIIT reduced IR assessed by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in OBR (4.4 ± 1.4 versus 4.1 ± 2.2 μU L−2), but not in OB (HOMA-IR 1.8 ± 0.5 versus 2.3 ± 1.0 μU L−2) volunteers. HIIT increased VO2peak with no change in body fat in both groups. In skeletal muscle, HIIT increased the phosphorylation of IRS (Tyr612), Akt (Ser473), and increased protein content of β-HAD and COX-IV in both groups. There was a reduction in ERK1/2 phosphorylation in OBR after HIIT. Conclusion: Eight weeks of HIIT increased the content of proteins related to oxidative metabolism in skeletal muscle of individuals with obesity, independent of changes total body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Aguiar de Matos
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Dênia Vargas Vieira
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Kaio Cesar Pinhal
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Jennifer Freitas Lopes
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Marco Fabrício Dias-Peixoto
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular do Exercício, Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Flávio de Castro Magalhães
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Etel Rocha-Vieira
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Trigueiro Amorim
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil.,Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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68
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Kime NH, Pringle A, Rivett MJ, Robinson PM. Physical activity and exercise in adults with type 1 diabetes: understanding their needs using a person-centered approach. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2018; 33:375-388. [PMID: 30184073 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyy028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity is a key component in the management of diabetes, but most people do not engage in recommended levels of physical activity. A recent consensus statement on exercise management in type 1 diabetes (T1D) fails to mention behavioral change and the specific determinants impacting on exercise management. The aim of this study is to investigate the needs of adults with T1D around physical activity and the challenges they face. Using a person-centered approach, focus groups and individual semi-structured interviews recorded the perspectives of 67 adults aged ≥18 with diabetes. Four global themes were identified: (i) it's a balancing act, (ii) winging it, (iii) engagement and (iv) encouraging uptake. These findings suggest that adults with T1D find it difficult to manage their diabetes and physical activity and decision-making is based on trial and error with minimal input from healthcare professionals. Participants want more information to enable them to manage their diabetes and physical activity effectively. Adults with T1D face unique challenges in relation to physical activity. Participants reported key determinants for being active. Research is needed to understand how physical activity promotion is best developed for those with T1D and the preparedness of healthcare professionals for delivering guidance to adults with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- N H Kime
- Research Centre for Active Lifestyles, School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Headingley Campus, Leeds, UK
| | - A Pringle
- Research Centre for Active Lifestyles, School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Headingley Campus, Leeds, UK
| | - M J Rivett
- Research Centre for Active Lifestyles, School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Headingley Campus, Leeds, UK
| | - P M Robinson
- Research Centre for Active Lifestyles, School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Headingley Campus, Leeds, UK
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69
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Thomas JJ, Lutes L, Smirnova E, Das BM, Huzurbazar S, Aldrich L, Lee M. Self-Concept in the Context of Diabetes Prevention: Development of the Lifestyle Health-Related Self-Concept Questionnaire. Am J Health Promot 2018; 33:452-456. [PMID: 30079750 DOI: 10.1177/0890117118791721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Understanding psychosocial factors in the context of lifestyle change is important to recognize distinctions in type 2 diabetes prevention behaviors. A relatively stable psychosocial feature, such as health-related self-concept (HRSC), may indicate factors that promote or repress positive health behaviors. The present study created a questionnaire specific to lifestyle change activities by modifying the Generalized Health-Related Self-Concept Questionnaire (G-HRSC). DESIGN A modified lifestyle health-related self-concept (Lifestyle-HRSC) questionnaire was developed through creation of new items, context expert review of new items, and small and large sample test of new items. PARTICIPANTS 101 college students completed the Lifestyle-HRSC. ANALYSIS Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (0.64) and Bartlett sphericity tests (χ2 = 6350.7 [ df = 3081], P < .01) indicated the sample met criteria for factor analysis. Principle component factor analysis was performed using varimax rotation with Kaiser normalization. RESULTS Six factors were revealed: nutrition, social support, avoiding diabetes, physical activity, problem solving, and challenges related to being healthy. Item analysis was conducted to remove correlated and conceptually redundant items and to create the 31-item final questionnaire. CONCLUSION The Lifestyle-HRSC provides additional knowledge regarding the relationship between self-concept and health as well as insights into the role of psychosocial factors in the context of diabetes prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer J Thomas
- 1 Fay W. Whitney School of Nursing, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Lesley Lutes
- 2 Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Smirnova
- 3 Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Bhibha M Das
- 4 Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Snehalata Huzurbazar
- 5 Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Lisa Aldrich
- 1 Fay W. Whitney School of Nursing, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Mariah Lee
- 1 Fay W. Whitney School of Nursing, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
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70
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Pfirrmann D, Haller N, Huber Y, Jung P, Lieb K, Gockel I, Poplawska K, Schattenberg JM, Simon P. Applicability of a Web-Based, Individualized Exercise Intervention in Patients With Liver Disease, Cystic Fibrosis, Esophageal Cancer, and Psychiatric Disorders: Process Evaluation of 4 Ongoing Clinical Trials. JMIR Res Protoc 2018; 7:e106. [PMID: 29789277 PMCID: PMC5989063 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.8607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the primary and secondary prevention of civilization diseases, regular physical activity is recommended in international guidelines to improve disease-related symptoms, delay the progression of the disease, or to enhance postoperative outcomes. In the preoperative context, there has been a paradigm shift in favor of using preconditioning concepts before surgery. Web-based interventions seem an innovative and effective tool for delivering general information, individualized exercise recommendations, and peer support. Objective Our first objective was to assess feasibility of our Web-based interventional concept and analyze similarities and differences in a sustained exercise implementation in different diseases. The second objective was to investigate the overall participants’ satisfaction with our Web-based concept. Methods A total of 4 clinical trials are still being carried out, including patients with esophageal carcinoma scheduled for oncologic esophagectomy (internet-based perioperative exercise program, iPEP, study), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (hepatic inflammation and physical performance in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, HELP, study), depression (exercise for depression, EXDEP, study), and cystic fibrosis (cystic fibrosis online mentoring for microbiome, exercise, and diet, COMMED, study). During the intervention period, the study population had access to the website with disease-specific content and a disease-specific discussion forum. All participants received weekly, individual tailored exercise recommendations from the sports therapist. The main outcome was the using behavior, which was obtained by investigating the log-in rate and duration. Results A total of 20 participants (5 from each trial) were analyzed. During the intervention period, a regular contact and a consequent implementation of exercise prescription were easily achieved in all substudies. Across the 4 substudies, there was a significant decrease in log-in rates (P<.001) and log-in durations (P<.001) over time. A detailed view of the different studies shows a significant decrease in log-in rates and log-in durations in the HELP study (P=.004; P=.002) and iPEP study (P=.02; P=.001), whereas the EXDEP study (P=.58; P=.38) and COMMED study (P=.87; P=.56) showed no significant change over the 8-week intervention period. There was no significant change in physical activity within all studies (P=.31). Only in the HELP study, the physical activity level increased steadily over the period analyzed (P=.045). Overall, 17 participants (85%, 17/20) felt secure and were not scared of injury, with no major differences in the subtrials. Conclusions The universal use of the Web-based intervention appears to be applicable across the heterogonous collectives of our study patients with regard to age and disease. Although the development of physical activity shows only moderate improvements, flexible communication and tailored support could be easily integrated into patients’ daily routine. Trial Registration iPEP study: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02478996; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02478996 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6zL1UmHaW); HELP study: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02526732; http://www.webcitation.org/6zJjX7d6K (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6Nch4ldcL); EXDEP study: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02874833; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02874833 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6zJjj7FuA)
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pfirrmann
- Department of Sports Medicine, Disease Prevention and Rehabilitation, Institute of Sports Science, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nils Haller
- Department of Sports Medicine, Disease Prevention and Rehabilitation, Institute of Sports Science, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yvonne Huber
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Patrick Jung
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Lieb
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Krystyna Poplawska
- Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jörn Markus Schattenberg
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Perikles Simon
- Department of Sports Medicine, Disease Prevention and Rehabilitation, Institute of Sports Science, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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71
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Burns RJ, Rothman AJ. Comparing Types of Financial Incentives to Promote Walking: An Experimental Test. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2018; 10:193-214. [DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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72
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Coles T, Bennett AV, Tan X, Battaglini CL, Sanoff HK, Basch E, Jensen RE, Reeve BB. Relationship between sleep and exercise as colorectal cancer survivors transition off treatment. Support Care Cancer 2018; 26:2663-2673. [PMID: 29470704 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-018-4110-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between exercise and sleep disturbance in a sample of individuals diagnosed with stage I, II, and III colorectal cancer (CRC) as patients transitioned off first-line treatment. We also sought to identify heterogeneity in the relationship between sleep disturbance and exercise. METHODS Data were obtained from the MY-Health study, a community-based observational study of adults diagnosed with cancer. Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System® (PROMIS) measures (e.g., PROMIS Sleep) were administered, and participants self-reported demographics, comorbidities, cancer treatment, and exercise. Regression mixture and multiple regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between sleep disturbance and exercise cross-sectionally at an average of 10 months after diagnosis, and the change in sleep disturbance over a 7-month period, from approximately 10 to 17 months post-diagnosis. RESULTS Patients whose exercise was categorized as likely at or above American College of Sports Medicine's guidelines did not report statistically better sleep quality compared to patients who were classified as not active. However, retirement (B = - 2.4), anxiety (B = 0.21), and fatigue (B = 0.24) had statistically significant relationships with sleep disturbance (p < 0.05). Increase in exercise was not significantly associated with a decrease in sleep disturbance. No statistical heterogeneity was revealed in the relationship between sleep and exercise. CONCLUSIONS Further prospective research using an objective measure of exercise is warranted to confirm or refute the nature of the relationship between exercise and sleep disturbance in individuals diagnosed with CRC transitioning off first-line treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Coles
- RTI-Health Solutions, 200 Park Offices Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - Antonia V Bennett
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Department of Health Policy and Management, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xianming Tan
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Claudio L Battaglini
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hanna K Sanoff
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ethan Basch
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Department of Health Policy and Management, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Roxanne E Jensen
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bryce B Reeve
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Phatak SS, Freigoun MT, Martín CA, Rivera DE, Korinek EV, Adams MA, Buman MP, Klasnja P, Hekler EB. Modeling individual differences: A case study of the application of system identification for personalizing a physical activity intervention. J Biomed Inform 2018; 79:82-97. [PMID: 29409750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Control systems engineering methods, particularly, system identification (system ID), offer an idiographic (i.e., person-specific) approach to develop dynamic models of physical activity (PA) that can be used to personalize interventions in a systematic, scalable way. The purpose of this work is to: (1) apply system ID to develop individual dynamical models of PA (steps/day measured using Fitbit Zip) in the context of a goal setting and positive reinforcement intervention informed by Social Cognitive Theory; and (2) compare insights on potential tailoring variables (i.e., predictors expected to influence steps and thus moderate the suggested step goal and points for goal achievement) selected using the idiographic models to those selected via a nomothetic (i.e., aggregated across individuals) approach. METHOD A personalized goal setting and positive reinforcement intervention was deployed for 14 weeks. Baseline PA measured in weeks 1-2 was used to inform personalized daily step goals delivered in weeks 3-14. Goals and expected reward points (granted upon goal achievement) were pseudo-randomly assigned using techniques from system ID, with goals ranging from their baseline median steps/day up to 2.5× baseline median steps/day, and points ranging from 100 to 500 (i.e., $0.20-$1.00). Participants completed a series of daily self-report measures. Auto Regressive with eXogenous Input (ARX) modeling and multilevel modeling (MLM) were used as the idiographic and nomothetic approaches, respectively. RESULTS Participants (N = 20, mean age = 47.25 ± 6.16 years, 90% female) were insufficiently active, overweight (mean BMI = 33.79 ± 6.82 kg/m2) adults. Results from ARX modeling suggest that individuals differ in the factors (e.g., perceived stress, weekday/weekend) that influence their observed steps/day. In contrast, the nomothetic model from MLM suggested that goals and weekday/weekend were the key variables that were predictive of steps. Assuming the ARX models are more personalized, the obtained nomothetic model would have led to the identification of the same predictors for 5 of the 20 participants, suggesting a mismatch of plausible tailoring variables to use for 75% of the sample. CONCLUSION The idiographic approach revealed person-specific predictors beyond traditional MLM analyses and unpacked the inherent complexity of PA; namely that people are different and context matters. System ID provides a feasible approach to develop personalized dynamical models of PA and inform person-specific tailoring variable selection for use in adaptive behavioral interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayali S Phatak
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | - Mohammad T Freigoun
- Control Systems Engineering Laboratory, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe 85281, USA.
| | - César A Martín
- Control Systems Engineering Laboratory, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe 85281, USA; Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ingeniería en Electricidad y Computación, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
| | - Daniel E Rivera
- Control Systems Engineering Laboratory, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe 85281, USA.
| | - Elizabeth V Korinek
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | - Marc A Adams
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | - Matthew P Buman
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | - Predrag Klasnja
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
| | - Eric B Hekler
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
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Marcos-Pardo PJ, Martínez-Rodríguez A, Gil-Arias A. Impact of a motivational resistance-training programme on adherence and body composition in the elderly. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1370. [PMID: 29358716 PMCID: PMC5778069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19764-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lack of physical activity is one of the major causes for obesity and functional disability in the elderly. Including regular exercise in the elderly's lifestyle is not an easy task. The main objective was to analyse the effect of a motivational resistance-training programme on satisfying the individual's psychological needs, level of self-determination and body composition. A quasi-experimental study was performed with 47 volunteers (29 females, 18 males) of 67-75 years of age, divided into two groups: experimental (n = 27) and control (n = 20). A 12-week intervention programme was performed, with a total of 36 sessions. The results of the inter-group analysis indicated significant differences in the post-test measurement between the experimental group and the control group (in favour of the experimental group) regarding basic psychological needs. The experimental group, in comparison to the control group, significantly decreased their percentage of fat mass and increased muscle mass. Body weight and BMI values increased in the control group, while significantly decreasing in the experimental group. In conclusion, the motivational resistance-training programme in the elderly gave rise to positive significant changes at the physical, psychological and social levels, according to the definition of health by the World Health Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Jorge Marcos-Pardo
- Faculty of Sports, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain.
- Faculty of Sports, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia (UCAM), Av. de los Jerónimos, 135, 30107, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Faculty of Sports, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia (UCAM), Av. de los Jerónimos, 135, 30107, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alexander Gil-Arias
- Sports Studies Center, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón (Madrid), Spain
- Faculty of Sports, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia (UCAM), Av. de los Jerónimos, 135, 30107, Murcia, Spain
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75
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Butryn ML, Kerrigan S, Arigo D, Raggio G, Forman EM. Pilot Test of an Acceptance-Based Behavioral Intervention to Promote Physical Activity During Weight Loss Maintenance. Behav Med 2018; 44:77-87. [PMID: 27100874 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2016.1170663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral interventions for obesity reliably facilitate short-term weight loss, but weight regain is normative. A high level of aerobic exercise may promote weight loss maintenance. However, adopting and maintaining a high level of exercise is challenging, and experiential acceptance may be important. The aim of this study was to pilot test the feasibility and efficacy of an acceptance-based behavioral treatment to promote moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among individuals who had recently lost weight. Adults (n = 16) who had recently lost ≥ 5% of weight were provided with a 12-week, group-based treatment. At 12 weeks, complete analyses indicated that participants had increased activity 69% (completing an average of 198.27 minutes/week of bouted MVPA, i.e., episodes of at least 10 minutes in duration). Medium-to-large effect sizes were observed for changes in process measures, including experiential acceptance. Future research to test this approach using an experimental design, a larger sample, and a longer period of observation is warranted.
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76
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Suglia SF, Koenen KC, Boynton-Jarrett R, Chan PS, Clark CJ, Danese A, Faith MS, Goldstein BI, Hayman LL, Isasi CR, Pratt CA, Slopen N, Sumner JA, Turer A, Turer CB, Zachariah JP. Childhood and Adolescent Adversity and Cardiometabolic Outcomes: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2017; 137:e15-e28. [PMID: 29254928 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Adverse experiences in childhood and adolescence, defined as subjectively perceived threats to the safety or security of the child's bodily integrity, family, or social structures, are known to be associated with cardiometabolic outcomes over the life course into adulthood. This American Heart Association scientific statement reviews the scientific literature on the influence of childhood adversity on cardiometabolic outcomes that constitute the greatest public health burden in the United States, including obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. This statement also conceptually outlines pathways linking adversity to cardiometabolic health, identifies evidence gaps, and provides suggestions for future research to inform practice and policy. We note that, despite a lack of objective agreement on what subjectively qualifies as exposure to childhood adversity and a dearth of prospective studies, substantial evidence documents an association between childhood adversity and cardiometabolic outcomes across the life course. Future studies that focus on mechanisms, resiliency, and vulnerability factors would further strengthen the evidence and provide much-needed information on targets for effective interventions. Given that childhood adversities affect cardiometabolic health and multiple health domains across the life course, interventions that ameliorate these initial upstream exposures may be more appropriate than interventions remediating downstream cardiovascular disease risk factor effects later in life.
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Self-efficacy, self-discipline and academic performance: Testing a context-specific mediation model. LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Cohen A, Ardern CI, Baker J. Physical activity mediates the relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption and cognitive functioning: a cross-sectional analysis. J Public Health (Oxf) 2017; 39:e161-e169. [PMID: 27803130 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdw113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Excess adiposity is associated with impairments in cognitive functioning, whereas physical activity (PA) and fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC) may be protective against cognitive decline. Therefore, this study investigated the interrelationships between FVC, body mass index (BMI), PA and cognitive functioning in younger and older adults. Methods Cross-sectional data of 45 522 participants (≥30 years) were examined from the 2012 annual component of the Canadian Community Health Survey. Cognitive function was assessed using a single six-level question of the Health Utilities Index. PA was classified according to the Physical Activity Index kilocalories per kilogram per day as active, moderately active and inactive; BMI was measured in kg/m2 and FVC (servings/day) was classified as low, moderate or high. To assess the interrelationship between FVC, BMI, PA, age and cognitive functioning, general linear models and mediation analyses were used. Results Higher BMIs, lower PA and FVC were associated with poorer cognitive functioning. Additionally, PA statistically mediated the relationship between FVC and cognitive function (Sobel test: t = -3.15; P < 0.002); and higher education levels and daily FVC were associated with better cognitive function (P < 0.001). Conclusion Higher PA levels were associated with better cognitive functioning in younger and older adults. Also, higher daily FVC and education levels were associated with better cognitive scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Cohen
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Chris I Ardern
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Joseph Baker
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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Sun H, Vamos CA, Flory SS, DeBate R, Thompson EL, Bleck J. Correlates of long-term physical activity adherence in women. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2017; 6:434-442. [PMID: 30356617 PMCID: PMC6189252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the factors that may influence women's adherence to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) using longitudinal data. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlates of long-term physical activity (PA) participation among women. METHODS Female data from Waves I, III, and IV (n = 5381) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) were used for the analysis. The outcome of PA adherence was operationalized as (1) consistently physically active (at least 5 instances during the week) in both Waves III and IV (during adulthood), and (2) consistently not physically active or only physically active in either Wave III or IV. Predictor variables from Wave I (during adolescence) included race/ethnicity, PA level, self-perception of being physically fit, general health status, attempt to change weight, parents' income level, parents' education, well-being, depression, access to PA resources, days of physical education (PE), and grade level. Crude and adjusted logistic regression models were utilized to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) for the outcome variable. RESULTS PA levels during adolescence significantly predicted PA adherence (aOR = 1.67, 95%CI: 1.35-2.05). Additionally, wanting to lose weight (aOR = 1.49, 95%CI: 1.20-1.85), using fitness center in the neighborhood (aOR = 1.29, 95%CI: 1.05-1.58), and having 5 days of PE a week (aOR = 1.48, 95%CI: 1.09-2.02) were significant predictors. Women who did not perceive being physically fit (aOR = 0.65, 95%CI: 0.44-0.95) and Black, non-Hispanics (aOR = 0.60, 95%CI: 0.44-0.82) were less likely to adhere to PA. CONCLUSION The findings suggested that physically active adolescents were more likely to become active adults. Future research should address interventions (e.g., PE program, community resources) that may promote lifetime PA in women, with the goal of decreasing morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichun Sun
- Department of Teaching and Learning, College of Education, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Cheryl A. Vamos
- Department of Community and Family Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Sara S.B. Flory
- Department of Teaching and Learning, College of Education, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Rita DeBate
- Department of Community and Family Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Erika L. Thompson
- Department of Community and Family Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jennifer Bleck
- Department of Community and Family Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Hasson RE, Brown DR, Dorn J, Barkley L, Torgan C, Whitt-Glover M, Ainsworth B, Keith N. Achieving Equity in Physical Activity Participation: ACSM Experience and Next Steps. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 49:848-858. [PMID: 27870795 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
There is clear and consistent evidence that regular physical activity is an important component of healthy lifestyles and fundamental to promoting health and preventing disease. Despite the known benefits of physical activity participation, many people in the United States remain inactive. More specifically, physical activity behavior is socially patterned with lower participation rates among women; racial/ethnic minorities; sexual minority youth; individuals with less education; persons with physical, mental, and cognitive disabilities; individuals >65 yr of age; and those living in the southeast region of the United States. Many health-related outcomes follow a pattern that is similar to physical activity participation. In response to the problem of inequities in physical activity and overall health in the United States, the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) has developed a national roadmap that supports achieving health equity through a physically active lifestyle. The actionable, integrated pathways that provide the foundation of ACSM's roadmap include the following: 1) communication-raising awareness of the issue and magnitude of health inequities and conveying the power of physical activity in promoting health equity; 2) education-developing educational resources to improve cultural competency for health care providers and fitness professionals as well as developing new community-based programs for lay health workers; 3) collaboration-building partnerships and programs that integrate existing infrastructures and leverage institutional knowledge, reach, and voices of public, private, and community organizations; and 4) evaluation-ensuring that ACSM attains measurable progress in reducing physical activity disparities to promote health equity. This article provides a conceptual overview of these four pathways of ACSM's roadmap, an understanding of the challenges and advantages of implementing these components, and the organizational and economic benefits of achieving health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Hasson
- 1Schools of Kinesiology and Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; 2Physical Activity and Health Branch, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; 3City College of New York, New York, NY; 4Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL; 5Kinetics Consulting, Bethesda, MD; 6Gramercy Research Group, Winston-Salem, NC; 7Department of Exercise and Wellness, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ; and 8Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Indianapolis, IN
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More A, Jackson B, Dimmock JA, Thornton AL, Colthart A, Furzer BJ. Exercise in the Treatment of Youth Substance Use Disorders: Review and Recommendations. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1839. [PMID: 29089915 PMCID: PMC5651015 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorders among youth represent a significant public health concern. It is well established that regular exercise provides important physical and mental health benefits; however, evidence for the role of exercise as an adjunct component within substance use disorder treatment is scarce. In this review, we identify factors associated with the development and persistence of substance use disorders among youth, identify current treatment modalities, and present evidence to support the efficacy of incorporating exercise participation during rehabilitation. We also provide a series of recommendations for future research that explores the feasibility and effectiveness of exercise participation as a complement to substance use disorder treatment among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa More
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise & Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ben Jackson
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise & Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - James A Dimmock
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise & Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ashleigh L Thornton
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise & Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Allan Colthart
- Drug and Alcohol Youth Service, Mental Health Commission and Mission Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Bonnie J Furzer
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise & Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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82
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Littman AJ, Bouldin ED, Haselkorn JK. This is your new normal: A qualitative study of barriers and facilitators to physical activity in Veterans with lower extremity loss. Disabil Health J 2017; 10:600-606. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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83
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Bryan AD, Jakicic JM, Hunter CM, Evans ME, Yanovski SZ, Epstein LH. Behavioral and Psychological Phenotyping of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior: Implications for Weight Management. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:1653-1659. [PMID: 28948719 PMCID: PMC5657446 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Risk for obesity is determined by a complex mix of genetics and lifetime exposures at multiple levels, from the metabolic milieu to psychosocial and environmental influences. These phenotypic differences underlie the variability in risk for obesity and response to weight management interventions, including differences in physical activity and sedentary behavior. METHODS As part of a broader effort focused on behavioral and psychological phenotyping in obesity research, the National Institutes of Health convened a multidisciplinary workshop to explore the state of the science in behavioral and psychological phenotyping in humans to explain individual differences in physical activity, both as a risk factor for obesity development and in response to activity-enhancing interventions. RESULTS Understanding the behavioral and psychological phenotypes that contribute to differences in physical activity and sedentary behavior could allow for improved treatment matching and inform new targets for tailored, innovative, and effective weight management interventions. CONCLUSIONS This summary provides the rationale for identifying psychological and behavioral phenotypes relevant to physical activity and identifies opportunities for future research to better understand, define, measure, and validate putative phenotypic factors and characterize emerging phenotypes that are empirically associated with initiation of physical activity, response to intervention, and sustained changes in physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christine M. Hunter
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary E. Evans
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan Z. Yanovski
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Leonard H. Epstein
- University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
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84
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Fragoso J, Lira ADO, Chagas GS, Lucena Cavalcanti CC, Beserra R, de Santana-Muniz G, Bento-Santos A, Martins G, Pirola L, da Silva Aragão R, Leandro CG. Maternal voluntary physical activity attenuates delayed neurodevelopment in malnourished rats. Exp Physiol 2017; 102:1486-1499. [DOI: 10.1113/ep086400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Fragoso
- Department of Nutrition; Federal University of Pernambuco; 50670-901 Recife PE Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Souza Chagas
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, CAV; Federal University of Pernambuco; 55608-680 Recife PE Brazil
| | | | - Renata Beserra
- Department of Nutrition; Federal University of Pernambuco; 50670-901 Recife PE Brazil
| | | | - Adriano Bento-Santos
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, CAV; Federal University of Pernambuco; 55608-680 Recife PE Brazil
| | - Gerffeson Martins
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, CAV; Federal University of Pernambuco; 55608-680 Recife PE Brazil
| | - Luciano Pirola
- INSERM U1060, Lyon-1 University; South Lyon Medical Faculty; 69921 Oullins France
| | - Raquel da Silva Aragão
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, CAV; Federal University of Pernambuco; 55608-680 Recife PE Brazil
| | - Carol Góis Leandro
- Department of Nutrition; Federal University of Pernambuco; 50670-901 Recife PE Brazil
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, CAV; Federal University of Pernambuco; 55608-680 Recife PE Brazil
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85
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The Impact of 10-Year Physical Activity Changes on 7-Year Mortality in Older Mexican Americans. J Phys Act Health 2017; 15:30-39. [PMID: 28682651 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2016-0454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the association between 10 years of change in physical activity (PA) levels and 7-year all-cause mortality. METHODS Mexican American adults aged 67 and older (N = 803) participating in the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (1995/1996-2012/2013) were included. All-cause mortality was our outcome. Participants were divided into 4 groups based on their difference in overall PA between 1995/1996 and 2005/2006 measured by the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly. Participants were classified as having unchanged low PA (n = 339), decreased activity (n = 233), unchanged high activity (n = 166), and increased activity (n = 65). Change in the frequency of PA domains was also investigated. PA domains included leisure, household, sedentary, and walking activities. RESULTS After controlling for all covariates, results from the Cox proportional hazards regression found a 43% lower mortality risk in the increased PA group (hazards ratio = 0.57; 95% confidence interval, 0.34-0.97) compared with the unchanged low PA group. In the entire sample, a significantly lower mortality risk was also present among walking (hazards ratio = 0.88) and household (hazards ratio = 0.88) activities. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that, independent of other factors, increasing PA is most protective of mortality among older Mexican Americans.
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Hewett ZL, Pumpa KL, Smith CA, Fahey PP, Cheema BS. Effect of a 16-week Bikram yoga program on perceived stress, self-efficacy and health-related quality of life in stressed and sedentary adults: A randomised controlled trial. J Sci Med Sport 2017; 21:352-357. [PMID: 28866110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 16 weeks of Bikram yoga on perceived stress, self-efficacy and health related quality of life (HRQoL) in sedentary, stressed adults. DESIGN 16 week, parallel-arm, randomised controlled trial with flexible dosing. METHODS Physically inactive, stressed adults (37.2±10.8 years) were randomised to Bikram yoga (three to five classes per week) or control (no treatment) group for 16 weeks. Outcome measures, collected via self-report, included perceived stress, general self-efficacy, and HRQoL. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, midpoint and completion. RESULTS Individuals were randomised to the experimental (n=29) or control group (n=34). Average attendance in the experimental group was 27±18 classes. Repeated measure analyses of variance (intention-to-treat) demonstrated significantly improved perceived stress (p=0.003, partial η2=0.109), general self-efficacy (p=0.034, partial η2=0.056), and the general health (p=0.034, partial η2=0.058) and energy/fatigue (p=0.019, partial η2=0.066) domains of HRQoL in the experimental group versus the control group. Attendance was significantly associated with reductions in perceived stress, and an increase in several domains of HRQoL. CONCLUSIONS 16 weeks of Bikram yoga significantly improved perceived stress, general self-efficacy and HRQoL in sedentary, stressed adults. Future research should consider ways to optimise adherence, and should investigate effects of Bikram yoga intervention in other populations at risk for stress-related illness. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12616000867493. Registered 04 July 2016. URL: http://www.anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12616000867493.aspx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe L Hewett
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Australia.
| | - Kate L Pumpa
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Australia
| | - Caroline A Smith
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Australia
| | - Paul P Fahey
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Australia
| | - Birinder S Cheema
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Australia; National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Australia
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87
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Tonstad S, Herring P, Lee J, Johnson JD. Two Physical Activity Measures: Paffenbarger Physical Activity Questionnaire Versus Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study as Predictors of Adult-Onset Type 2 Diabetes in a Follow-Up Study. Am J Health Promot 2017; 32:1070-1077. [PMID: 28812371 DOI: 10.1177/0890117117725282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare 2 self-report methods of measuring weekly minutes of physical activity based on the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS) questionnaire and question 6 of the Paffenbarger Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) to determine the better predictor of adult-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). DESIGN An observational, prospective study. SETTING Survey data from the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2) collected between 2002 and 2006 (baseline) and the Psychosocial Manifestations of Religion Sub-Study (PsyMRS), an AHS-2 subset collected 1 to 4 years later. PATIENTS Nine thousand eight hundred seventy-three male and female participants aged 23 to 106 years (mean, 63 years). Three hundred eighty participants reported adult-onset T2DM at follow-up. MEASURES Question 6 from the PPAQ and a question adopted from the ACLS were assessed at baseline. Incident diabetes was defined as participants who reported receiving treatment for adult-onset T2DM in the last 12 months in the PsyMRS and not at baseline. ANALYSIS Multivariate logistic regression analyses controlled for age, gender, ethnicity, education, body mass index (BMI), diet, and sedentary activity. Each exposure variable was compared to nonexercisers. RESULTS The PPAQ (odds ratio [OR]: 0.998; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.997-1.000) and the ACLS (OR: 0.999; 95% CI: 0.998-1.001) exhibited similar likelihood of predicting incident adult-onset T2DM in a healthy, mixed-gender population when controlling for several confounders. CONCLUSIONS The demonstrative nomenclature of the PPAQ may be more effectual in capturing physically active individuals than the ACLS notwithstanding generalizability and response bias limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Tonstad
- 1 School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Patti Herring
- 1 School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jerry Lee
- 1 School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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88
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Türk Y, Theel W, Kasteleyn MJ, Franssen FME, Hiemstra PS, Rudolphus A, Taube C, Braunstahl GJ. High intensity training in obesity: a Meta-analysis. Obes Sci Pract 2017; 3:258-271. [PMID: 29071102 PMCID: PMC5598019 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction High Intensity training (HIT) is a time‐effective alternative to traditional exercise programs in adults with obesity, but the superiority in terms of improving cardiopulmonary fitness and weight loss has not been demonstrated. Objective to determine the effectiveness of HIT on cardiopulmonary fitness and body composition in adults with obesity compared to traditional (high volume continuous) exercise. Methods A systematic search of the main health science databases was conducted for randomized controlled trials comparing HIT with traditional forms of exercise in people with obesity. Eighteen studies were included in the meta‐analysis. The (unstandardized) mean difference of each outcome parameters was calculated and pooled with the random effects model. Results HIT resulted in greater improvement of cardiopulmonary fitness (VO2max) (MD 1.83, 95% CI 0.70, 2.96, p<0.005; I2=31%) and a greater reduction of %body fat (MD ‐1.69, 95% CI ‐3.10, ‐0.27, p=0.02, I2=30%) compared to traditional exercise. Overall effect for BMI was not different between HIT and traditional exercise. Conclusion Training at high intensity is superior to improve cardiopulmonary fitness and to reduce %body fat in adults with obesity compared to traditional exercise. Future studies are needed to design specific HIT programs for the obese with regard to optimal effect and long‐term adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Türk
- Department of Pulmonology Franciscus Gasthuis Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - W Theel
- Department of Physiotherapy Franciscus Gasthuis Rotterdam The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine Franciscus Gasthuis Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - M J Kasteleyn
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands.,Department of Pulmonology Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
| | - F M E Franssen
- Department of Research and Education Horn The Netherlands
| | - P S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
| | - A Rudolphus
- Department of Pulmonology Franciscus Gasthuis Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - C Taube
- Department of Pulmonology Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
| | - G J Braunstahl
- Department of Pulmonology Franciscus Gasthuis Rotterdam The Netherlands
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Bencharif M, Dahili K, Benseghir L, Benabbas Y. Effet du jeûne du Ramadan sur l’alimentation et l’activité physique : comparaison selon l’âge et le genre. NUTR CLIN METAB 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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90
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Schumacher LM, Arigo D, Thomas C. Understanding physical activity lapses among women: responses to lapses and the potential buffering effect of social support. J Behav Med 2017; 40:740-749. [PMID: 28382571 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-017-9846-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many women fail to meet recommended levels of physical activity (PA). Limited research has examined women's barriers to PA adoption during attempts to increase PA-in particular, how often they experience PA lapses (i.e., failure to meet PA goals), their cognitive-affective responses to lapses, and the role of social support in preventing or responding to lapses. The present study assessed weekly variability in PA lapses, cognitive-affective responses to lapses, and social support related to PA among women participating in a partner-based PA program (n = 20). Multilevel modeling showed that greater PA self-efficacy and more frequent partner communication predicted fewer lapses during the concurrent or subsequent week (ps < 0.02). Interestingly, greater self-forgiveness for lapsing also predicted more lapses the subsequent week (p = 0.04), though greater perceived partner support appeared to buffer the negative effect of self-forgiveness on future lapses (p = 0.04). These findings demonstrate the importance of cognitive-affective responses to PA lapses for future PA, as well as the potential benefit of social support for preventing PA lapses among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah M Schumacher
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Stratton Hall, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Danielle Arigo
- Department of Psychology, University of Scranton, 205 Alumni Memorial Hall, 800 Linden St., Scranton, PA, 18510, USA
| | - Coco Thomas
- Department of Psychology, University of Scranton, 205 Alumni Memorial Hall, 800 Linden St., Scranton, PA, 18510, USA
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Kass AE, Jones M, Kolko RP, Altman M, Fitzsimmons-Craft EE, Eichen DM, Balantekin KN, Trockel M, Taylor CB, Wilfley DE. Universal prevention efforts should address eating disorder pathology across the weight spectrum: Implications for screening and intervention on college campuses. Eat Behav 2017; 25:74-80. [PMID: 27090854 PMCID: PMC5042805 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Given shared risk and maintaining factors between eating disorders and obesity, it may be important to include both eating disorder intervention and healthy weight management within a universal eating disorder care delivery program. This study evaluated differential eating disorder screening responses by initial weight status among university students, to assess eating disorder risk and pathology among individuals with overweight/obesity versus normal weight or underweight. METHODS 1529 individuals were screened and analyzed. Screening was conducted via pilot implementation of the Internet-based Healthy Body Image program on two university campuses. RESULTS Fifteen percent of the sample had overweight/obesity. Over half (58%) of individuals with overweight/obesity screened as high risk for an eating disorder or warranting clinical referral, and 58% of individuals with overweight/obesity endorsed a ≥10-pound weight change over the past year. Compared to individuals with normal weight or underweight, individuals with overweight/obesity were more likely to identify as Black, endorse objective binge eating and fasting, endorse that eating disorder-related concerns impaired their relationships/social life and made them feel badly, and endorse higher weight/shape concerns. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest rates of eating disorder pathology and clinical impairment are highest among students with overweight/obesity, and targeted intervention across weight categories and diverse races/ethnicities is warranted within universal eating disorder intervention efforts. Integrating eating disorder intervention and healthy weight management into universal prevention programs could reduce the incidence and prevalence of eating disorders, unhealthy weight control practices, and obesity among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E. Kass
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Corresponding author at: Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 1000, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. (A.E. Kass)
| | - Megan Jones
- Lantern, San Francisco, CA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rachel P. Kolko
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Myra Altman
- Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Dawn M. Eichen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Mickey Trockel
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - C. Barr Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA,Center for mHealth, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Denise E. Wilfley
- Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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92
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Kosteli MC, Heneghan NR, Roskell C, Williams SE, Adab P, Dickens AP, Enocson A, Fitzmaurice DA, Jolly K, Jordan R, Greenfield S, Cumming J. Barriers and enablers of physical activity engagement for patients with COPD in primary care. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017; 12:1019-1031. [PMID: 28405162 PMCID: PMC5378459 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s119806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Given that physical activity (PA) has a positive impact on COPD symptoms and prognosis, this study examined the factors that both encourage and limit participation in PA for individuals with COPD in a primary care setting from the perspective of social cognitive theory. Methods A purposive sample of 26 individuals with a range of COPD severity (age range: 50–89 years; males =15) were recruited from primary care to participate in one of four focus groups. Thematic analysis was undertaken to identify key concepts related to their self-efficacy beliefs. Results Several barriers and enablers closely related to self-efficacy beliefs and symptom severity were identified. The main barriers were health related (fatigue, mobility problems, breathing issues caused by the weather), psychological (embarrassment, fear, frustration/disappointment), attitudinal (feeling in control of their condition, PA perception, older age perception), and motivational. The main enabling factors were related to motivation (autonomous or controlled), attitudes, self-regulation, and performance accomplishments. Clinical implications When designing interventions for individuals with COPD, it is important to understand the patient-specific social cognitive influences on PA participation. This information can then inform individually tailored management planning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Peymane Adab
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew P Dickens
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alexandra Enocson
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - David A Fitzmaurice
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kate Jolly
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rachel Jordan
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sheila Greenfield
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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93
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Curbelo Rodríguez R, Zarco Montejo P, Almodóvar González R, Flórez García M, Carmona Ortells L. Barreras y facilitadores para la práctica del ejercicio físico en pacientes con espondiloartritis: estudio cualitativo de grupos focales (EJES-3D). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 13:91-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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94
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Abstract
The global epidemic of obesity and its associated chronic diseases is largely attributed to an imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure. While physical exercise remains the best solution, the development of muscle-targeted "exercise mimetics" may soon provide a pharmaceutical alternative to battle an increasingly sedentary lifestyle. At the same time, these advances are fueling a raging debate on their escalating use as performance-enhancing drugs in high-profile competitions such as the Olympics.
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95
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Mazzuca P, Montesi L, Mazzoni G, Grazzi G, Micheli MM, Piergiovanni S, Pazzini V, Forlani G, Maietta Latessa P, Marchesini G. Supervised vs. self-selected physical activity for individuals with diabetes and obesity: the Lifestyle Gym program. Intern Emerg Med 2017; 12:45-52. [PMID: 27424279 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-016-1506-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness of different programs of physical activity outside randomized studies is difficult to determine. We carried out an audit in two different units where either a supervised physical activity (PA) program or a self-selected PA program was in use in individuals with type 2 diabetes or obesity. The supervised PA cohort (n = 101) received progressive gym training (120 min, twice a week for 13 weeks) by a dedicated team, with nutritional counseling during resting periods. The self-selected PA cohort (n = 69) was enrolled in a 13-week cognitive-behavioral program (120 min/week, in groups of 12-15 individuals), chaired by an expert team. Body weight and physical fitness (6-min walk test) were measured at baseline and after 6 and 12 months. Outcome measures were attrition, weight loss ≥10 % initial body weight, 10 % increase in 6-min walk test; their association with a PA program was tested by logistic regression analysis. Attrition rate was lower in the supervised PA group (28 vs. 45 % than in the self-selected cohort, P = 0.023). After adjustment for confounders, the supervised PA program was associated with a lower risk of attrition at 1 year (odds ratio 0.45; 95 % confidence interval, 0.21-0.98) at logistic regression analysis. Body weight similarly decreased in both groups (more rapidly in the supervised PA cohort); also physical fitness improved in a similar way, and no differences in achieved targets of body weight (supervised, 31 %; self-selected, 18 %; P = 0.118) or fitness (supervised, 62 %; self-selected, 49 %; P = 0.312) were demonstrated. Different PA programs produce very similar health benefits, but an initially supervised program has lower attrition rates, which might translate into better outcomes in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Mazzuca
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Center, Romagna Health District, Rimini, Italy
| | - Luca Montesi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Alma Mater Studiorum" University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianni Mazzoni
- Public Health Department and University Center for Sport-Applied Biomedical Studies, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Grazzi
- Public Health Department and University Center for Sport-Applied Biomedical Studies, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Maddalena Micheli
- Public Health Department and University Center for Sport-Applied Biomedical Studies, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | - Giulia Forlani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Alma Mater Studiorum" University, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Giulio Marchesini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Alma Mater Studiorum" University, Bologna, Italy.
- Unit of Metabolic Diseases, "Alma Mater Studiorum" University, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti, 9, I-40135, Bologna, Italy.
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96
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Nagle EF, Sanders ME, Franklin BA. Aquatic High Intensity Interval Training for Cardiometabolic Health: Benefits and Training Design. Am J Lifestyle Med 2017; 11:64-76. [PMID: 30202315 PMCID: PMC6124844 DOI: 10.1177/1559827615583640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has emerged as an attractive alternative to traditional continuous exercise training (CT) programs for clinical and healthy populations who find that they can achieve equal or greater fitness benefits in less time. Land-based HIIT may not be an appropriate choice for some participants. Few studies have explored the acute responses and chronic adaptations of HIIT in an aquatic environment, and no study has compared the cardiometabolic responses of an aquatic-based program to a land-based HIIT program. Shallow-water aquatic exercise (AE) programs utilizing HIIT have elicited comparable and, in some cases, greater physiological responses compared with constant-intensity or continuous AE regimens. Factors that may explain why HIIT routines evoke greater cardiometabolic responses than CT protocols may be based on the types of exercises and how they are cued to effectively manipulate hydrodynamic properties for greater intensities. Favorable aquatic HIIT protocols such as the S.W.E.A.T. system may serve as a beneficial alternative to land-based HIIT programs for clinical, and athletic populations, potentially reducing the likelihood of associated musculoskeletal and orthopedic complications. Hence, the purpose of this review is to examine the role of AE as an alternative safe and effective HIIT modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth F. Nagle
- Elizabeth F. Nagle, PhD, Department of Health and Physical Activity, University of Pittsburgh, 140 Trees Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; e-mail:
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97
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Cummins C, Kayes NM, Reeve J, Smith G, MacLeod R, McPherson KM. Navigating physical activity engagement following a diagnosis of cancer: A qualitative exploration. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2016; 26. [PMID: 27925326 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This qualitative descriptive study explored cancer survivors' experiences of barriers and facilitators to undertaking physical activity to inform how services and professionals might offer better support. Purposive and theoretical sampling was used to recruit 25 people who were up to 5 years post-cancer diagnosis. Participants took part in face to face, semi-structured interviews, and transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. The analysis identified five interrelated themes which represented cancer survivors' views: 1) You're on your own-a sense of abandonment post-treatment, and lack of sufficient and tailored information; 2) Dis-ease-disruption to self and identity, and a heightened awareness of physical self and fragility; 3) Becoming acclimatised-physical activity in the face of treatment-related side effects and residual impairment; 4) Importance of others-encouragement and support from health professionals, family and friends, and cancer-specific exercise groups; 5) Meanings people ascribed to physical activity-these were central and could help or hinder engagement. Our findings suggest being able to live well and re-engage in meaningful activities following a diagnosis of cancer is both complex and challenging. There appear to be gaps in current service provision in supporting the broader health and well-being of cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cummins
- Centre for Person Centred Research, School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - N M Kayes
- Centre for Person Centred Research, School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - J Reeve
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - G Smith
- Centre for Person Centred Research, School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - R MacLeod
- Palliative and Supportive Care, HammondCare, Greenwich, NSW, Australia.,Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - K M McPherson
- Centre for Person Centred Research, School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.,Health Research Council of New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
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98
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van Adrichem EJ, Krijnen WP, Dekker R, Ranchor AV, Dijkstra PU, van der Schans CP. Multidimensional structure of a questionnaire to assess barriers to and motivators of physical activity in recipients of solid organ transplantation. Disabil Rehabil 2016; 39:2330-2338. [DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2016.1224274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin J. van Adrichem
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Transplant Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim P. Krijnen
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Dekker
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Center of Sports Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adelita V. Ranchor
- Groningen Transplant Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Health Psychology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter U. Dijkstra
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cees P. van der Schans
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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99
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Examining acute bi-directional relationships between affect, physical feeling states, and physical activity in free-living situations using electronic ecological momentary assessment. J Behav Med 2016; 40:445-457. [PMID: 27766481 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-016-9808-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Current knowledge about the relationship of physical activity with acute affective and physical feeling states is informed largely by lab-based studies, which have limited generalizability to the natural ecology. This study used ecological momentary assessment to assess subjective affective and physical feeling states in free-living settings across 4 days from 110 non-physically active adults (Age M = 40.4, SD = 9.7). Light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were measured objectively by an accelerometer. Multilevel modeling was used to test the bi-directional associations between affective and physical feeling states and LPA/MVPA minutes. Higher positive affect, lower negative affect and fatigue were associated with more MVPA over the subsequent 15 min, while higher negative affect and energy were associated with more LPA over the subsequent 15 and 30 min. Additionally, more LPA and MVPA were associated with feeling more energetic over the subsequent 15 and 30 min, and more LPA was additionally associated with feeling more negative and less tired over the subsequent 15 and 30 min. Positive and negative affective states might serve as antecedents to but not consequences of MVPA in adults' daily lives. Changes in LPA may be predicted and followed by negative affective states. Physical feeling states appear to lead up to and follow changes in both LPA and MVPA.
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100
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Firth J, Rosenbaum S, Stubbs B, Gorczynski P, Yung AR, Vancampfort D. Motivating factors and barriers towards exercise in severe mental illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2016; 46:2869-2881. [PMID: 27502153 PMCID: PMC5080671 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716001732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Exercise can improve clinical outcomes in people with severe mental illness (SMI). However, this population typically engages in low levels of physical activity with poor adherence to exercise interventions. Understanding the motivating factors and barriers towards exercise for people with SMI would help to maximize exercise participation. A search of major electronic databases was conducted from inception until May 2016. Quantitative studies providing proportional data on the motivating factors and/or barriers towards exercise among patients with SMI were eligible. Random-effects meta-analyses were undertaken to calculate proportional data and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for motivating factors and barriers toward exercise. From 1468 studies, 12 independent studies of 6431 psychiatric patients were eligible for inclusion. Meta-analyses showed that 91% of people with SMI endorsed 'improving health' as a reason for exercise (N = 6, n = 790, 95% CI 80-94). Among specific aspects of health and well-being, the most common motivations were 'losing weight' (83% of patients), 'improving mood' (81%) and 'reducing stress' (78%). However, low mood and stress were also identified as the most prevalent barriers towards exercise (61% of patients), followed by 'lack of support' (50%). Many of the desirable outcomes of exercise for people with SMI, such as mood improvement, stress reduction and increased energy, are inversely related to the barriers of depression, stress and fatigue which frequently restrict their participation in exercise. Providing patients with professional support to identify and achieve their exercise goals may enable them to overcome psychological barriers, and maintain motivation towards regular physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Firth
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental
Health, University of Manchester,
UK
| | - S. Rosenbaum
- Department of Exercise Physiology,
School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of
Medicine, University of New South Wales,
Australia
| | - B. Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department,
South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust,
UK
- Health Service and Population Research
Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and
Neuroscience, King's College London,
UK
| | - P. Gorczynski
- Department of Sport and Exercise
Science, University of Portsmouth,
UK
| | - A. R. Yung
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental
Health, University of Manchester,
UK
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre,
University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - D. Vancampfort
- KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation
Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Department of Neurosciences,
UPC KU Leuven, Belgium
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