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Zhang Y, Li X, Liu F, Bai X, Liu X, Sun H, Gao C, Lin Y, Xing P, Zhu J, Liu R, Wang Z, Dai J, Shi D. Design of Selective PARP-1 Inhibitors and Antitumor Studies. J Med Chem 2024; 67:8877-8901. [PMID: 38776379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Designing selective PARP-1 inhibitors has become a new strategy for anticancer drug development. By sequence comparison of PARP-1 and PARP-2, we identified a possible selective site (S site) consisting of several different amino acid residues of α-5 helix and D-loop. Targeting this S site, 140 compounds were designed, synthesized, and characterized for their anticancer activities and mechanisms. Compound I16 showed the highest PARP-1 enzyme inhibitory activity (IC50 = 12.38 ± 1.33 nM) and optimal selectivity index over PARP-2 (SI = 155.74). Oral administration of I16 (25 mg/kg) showed high inhibition rates of Hela and SK-OV-3 tumor cell xenograft models, both of which were higher than those of the oral positive drug Olaparib (50 mg/kg). In addition, I16 has an excellent safety profile, without significant toxicity at high oral doses. These findings provide a novel design strategy and chemotype for the development of safe, efficient, and highly selective PARP-1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaoyi Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaochun Liu
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chenxia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yuxi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Pan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jiqiang Zhu
- Shandong Linghai Biotechnology Co.Ltd., Jinan 250299, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Ruihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jiajia Dai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Dayong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Shandong Linghai Biotechnology Co.Ltd., Jinan 250299, Shandong, P. R. China
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52
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Fernandes I, Chehade R, MacKay H. PARP inhibitors in non-ovarian gynecologic cancers. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2024; 16:17588359241255174. [PMID: 38882441 PMCID: PMC11179472 DOI: 10.1177/17588359241255174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPis) have transformed the treatment of ovarian cancer, particularly benefiting patients whose tumors harbor genomic events that result in impaired homologous recombination (HR) repair. The use of PARPi over recent years has expanded to include subpopulations of patients with breast, pancreatic, and prostate cancers. Their potential to benefit patients with non-ovarian gynecologic cancers is being recognized. This review examines the underlying biological rationale for exploring PARPi in non-ovarian gynecologic cancers. We consider the clinical data and place this in the context of the current treatment landscape. We review the development of PARPi strategies for treating patients with endometrial, cervical, uterine leiomyosarcoma, and vulvar cancers. Furthermore, we discuss future directions and the importance of understanding HR deficiency in the context of each cancer type.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rania Chehade
- Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Helen MacKay
- Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
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53
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Ndlovu H, Lawal IO, Mdanda S, Kgatle MM, Mokoala KMG, Al-Ibraheem A, Sathekge MM. [ 18F]F-Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitor Radiotracers for Imaging PARP Expression and Their Potential Clinical Applications in Oncology. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3426. [PMID: 38929955 PMCID: PMC11204862 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13123426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in managing patients with inoperable tumors has significantly improved outcomes. The PARP inhibitors hamper single-strand deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair by trapping poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) at sites of DNA damage, forming a non-functional "PARP enzyme-inhibitor complex" leading to cell cytotoxicity. The effect is more pronounced in the presence of PARP upregulation and homologous recombination (HR) deficiencies such as breast cancer-associated gene (BRCA1/2). Hence, identifying HR-deficiencies by genomic analysis-for instance, BRCA1/2 used in triple-negative breast cancer-should be a part of the selection process for PARP inhibitor therapy. Published data suggest BRCA1/2 germline mutations do not consistently predict favorable responses to PARP inhibitors, suggesting that other factors beyond tumor mutation status may be at play. A variety of factors, including tumor heterogeneity in PARP expression and intrinsic and/or acquired resistance to PARP inhibitors, may be contributing factors. This justifies the use of an additional tool for appropriate patient selection, which is noninvasive, and capable of assessing whole-body in vivo PARP expression and evaluating PARP inhibitor pharmacokinetics as complementary to the currently available BRCA1/2 analysis. In this review, we discuss [18F]Fluorine PARP inhibitor radiotracers and their potential in the imaging of PARP expression and PARP inhibitor pharmacokinetics. To provide context we also briefly discuss possible causes of PARP inhibitor resistance or ineffectiveness. The discussion focuses on TNBC, which is a tumor type where PARP inhibitors are used as part of the standard-of-care treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honest Ndlovu
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.N.); (S.M.); (M.M.K.); (K.M.G.M.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Private Bag X169, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
| | - Ismaheel O. Lawal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Private Bag X169, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sipho Mdanda
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.N.); (S.M.); (M.M.K.); (K.M.G.M.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Private Bag X169, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
| | - Mankgopo M. Kgatle
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.N.); (S.M.); (M.M.K.); (K.M.G.M.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Private Bag X169, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
| | - Kgomotso M. G. Mokoala
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.N.); (S.M.); (M.M.K.); (K.M.G.M.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Private Bag X169, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
| | - Akram Al-Ibraheem
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Al-Jubeiha P.O. Box 1269, Amman 11941, Jordan;
| | - Mike M. Sathekge
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.N.); (S.M.); (M.M.K.); (K.M.G.M.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Private Bag X169, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
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54
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McCarthy KA, Marcotte DJ, Parelkar S, McKinnon CL, Trammell LE, Stangeland EL, Jetson RR. Discovery of Potent Isoindolinone Inhibitors that Target an Active Conformation of PARP1 Using DNA-Encoded Libraries. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202400093. [PMID: 38482564 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1), a DNA repair enzyme, has proven to be a successful strategy for the treatment of various cancers. With the appropriate selection conditions and protein design, DNA-encoded library (DEL) technology provides a powerful avenue to identify small molecules with the desired mechanism of action towards a target of interest. However, DNA-binding proteins, such as PARP1, can be challenging targets for DEL screening due to non-specific protein-DNA interactions. To overcome this, we designed and screened a PARP1 catalytic domain construct without the autoinhibitory helical domain. This allowed us to interrogate an active, functionally-relevant form of the protein resulting in the discovery of novel isoindolinone PARP1 inhibitors with single-digit nanomolar potency. These inhibitors also demonstrated little to no PARP1-DNA trapping, a property that could be advantageous in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A McCarthy
- Discovery Sciences, Valo Health, 75 Hayden Avenue, Lexington, MA, 02421, United States
| | - Douglas J Marcotte
- Discovery Sciences, Valo Health, 75 Hayden Avenue, Lexington, MA, 02421, United States
| | - Sangram Parelkar
- Discovery Sciences, Valo Health, 75 Hayden Avenue, Lexington, MA, 02421, United States
| | - Crystal L McKinnon
- Discovery Sciences, Valo Health, 75 Hayden Avenue, Lexington, MA, 02421, United States
| | - Lindsay E Trammell
- Discovery Sciences, Valo Health, 75 Hayden Avenue, Lexington, MA, 02421, United States
| | - Eric L Stangeland
- Discovery Sciences, Valo Health, 75 Hayden Avenue, Lexington, MA, 02421, United States
| | - Rachael R Jetson
- Discovery Sciences, Valo Health, 75 Hayden Avenue, Lexington, MA, 02421, United States
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55
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Amor-Guéret M. Loss of cytidine deaminase expression as a potential attempt to counteract the process of carcinogenesis by reducing basal PARP-1 activity and increasing tau levels. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167213. [PMID: 38714266 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Cytidine deaminase (CDA) is a pyrimidine salvage pathway enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of free cytidine and deoxycytidine to uridine and deoxyuridine, respectively. Our team discovered that CDA deficiency is associated with several aspects of genetic instability, such as increased sister chromatid exchange and ultrafine anaphase bridge frequencies. Based on these results, we sought (1) to determine how CDA deficiency contributes to genetic instability, (2) to explore the possible relationships between CDA deficiency and carcinogenesis, and (3) to develop a new anticancer treatment targeting CDA-deficient tumors. This review summarizes our major findings indicating that CDA deficiency is associated with a genetic instability that does not confer an increased cancer risk. In light of our results and published data, I propose a novel hypothesis that loss of CDA, by reducing basal PARP-1 activity and increasing Tau levels, may reflect an attempt to prevent, slow or reverse the process of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounira Amor-Guéret
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR 3348, 91405 Orsay, France; CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Centre Universitaire, UMR 3348, 91405 Orsay, France.
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56
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Safdar R, Mishra A, Shah GM, Ashraf MZ. Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 modulations in the genesis of thrombosis. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2024; 57:743-753. [PMID: 38787496 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-024-02974-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Thrombosis, a coagulation disorder, occurs due to altered levels of coagulation, fibrinolytic and immune factors, which are otherwise known to maintain hemostasis in normal physiological conditions. Here, we review the direct and indirect participation of a multifunctional nuclear enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) in the expression of key genes and cellular processes involved in thrombotic pathogenesis. PARP1 biological activities range from maintenance of genomic integrity, chromatin remodeling, base excision DNA repair, stress responses to cell death, angiogenesis and cell cycle pathways. However, under homeostatic imbalances, PARP1 activities are linked with the pathogenesis of diseases, including cancer, aging, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Disease-associated distressed cells employ a variety of PARP-1 functions such as oxidative damage exacerbations, cellular energetics and apoptosis pathways, regulation of inflammatory mediators, promotion of endothelial dysfunction, and ERK-mediated signaling in pathogenesis. Thrombosis is one such pathogenesis that comprises exacerbation of coagulation cascade due to biochemical alterations in endothelial cells, platelet activation, overexpression of adhesion molecules, cytokines release, and leukocyte adherence. Thus, the activation of endothelial and inflammatory cells in thrombosis implicates a potential role of PARP1 activation in thrombogenesis. This review article explores the direct impact of PARP1 activation in the etiology of thrombosis and discusses PARP1-mediated endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and epigenetic regulations in the disease manifestation. Understanding PARP1 functions associated with thrombosis may elucidate novel pathogenetic mechanisms and help in better disease management through newer therapeutic interventions targeting PARP1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raishal Safdar
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Aastha Mishra
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Girish M Shah
- Neuroscience Division, CHU de Québec Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
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57
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Lee AV, Nestler KA, Chiappinelli KB. Therapeutic targeting of DNA methylation alterations in cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 258:108640. [PMID: 38570075 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
DNA methylation is a critical component of gene regulation and plays an important role in the development of cancer. Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes and silencing of DNA repair pathways facilitate uncontrolled cell growth and synergize with oncogenic mutations to perpetuate cancer phenotypes. Additionally, aberrant DNA methylation hinders immune responses crucial for antitumor immunity. Thus, inhibiting dysregulated DNA methylation is a promising cancer therapy. Pharmacologic inhibition of DNA methylation reactivates silenced tumor suppressors and bolster immune responses through induction of viral mimicry. Now, with the advent of immunotherapies and discovery of the immune-modulatory effects of DNA methylation inhibitors, there is great interest in understanding how targeting DNA methylation in combination with other therapies can enhance antitumor immunity. Here, we describe the role of aberrant DNA methylation in cancer and mechanisms by which it promotes tumorigenesis and modulates immune responses. Finally, we review the initial discoveries and ongoing efforts to target DNA methylation as a cancer therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail V Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kevin A Nestler
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Katherine B Chiappinelli
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
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58
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Hill BR, Ozgencil M, Buckley-Benbow L, Skingsley SLP, Tomlinson D, Eizmendi CO, Agnarelli A, Bellelli R. Loss of POLE3-POLE4 unleashes replicative gap accumulation upon treatment with PARP inhibitors. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114205. [PMID: 38753485 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The advent of PARP inhibitors (PARPis) has profoundly changed the treatment landscape of BRCA1/BRCA2-mutated cancers. Despite this, the development of resistance to these compounds has become a major challenge. Hence, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms underlying PARPi sensitivity is crucially needed. Here, we show that loss of the POLE3-POLE4 subunits of DNA polymerase epsilon (Polε) strongly sensitizes cancer cells to PARPis in a Polε level-independent manner. Loss of POLE3-POLE4 is not associated with defective RAD51 foci formation, excluding a major defect in homologous recombination. On the contrary, treatment with PARPis triggers replicative gap accumulation in POLE3-POLE4 knockout (KO) cells in a PRIMPOL-dependent manner. In addition to this, the loss of POLE3-POLE4 further sensitizes BRCA1-silenced cells to PARPis. Importantly, the knockdown of 53BP1 does not rescue PARPi sensitivity in POLE3-POLE4 KO cells, bypassing a common PARPi resistance mechanism and outlining a potential strategy to sensitize cancer cells to PARPis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Rebekah Hill
- Centre for Cancer Cell & Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
| | - Meryem Ozgencil
- Centre for Cancer Cell & Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
| | - Lauryn Buckley-Benbow
- Centre for Cancer Cell & Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
| | - Sophie Louise Pamela Skingsley
- Centre for Cancer Cell & Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
| | - Danielle Tomlinson
- Centre for Cancer Cell & Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
| | - Carmen Ortueta Eizmendi
- Centre for Cancer Cell & Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
| | - Alessandro Agnarelli
- Centre for Cancer Cell & Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
| | - Roberto Bellelli
- Centre for Cancer Cell & Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, EC1M 6BQ London, UK.
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59
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Kanev PB, Varhoshkova S, Georgieva I, Lukarska M, Kirova D, Danovski G, Stoynov S, Aleksandrov R. A unified mechanism for PARP inhibitor-induced PARP1 chromatin retention at DNA damage sites in living cells. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114234. [PMID: 38758646 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPis) not only suppress PARP1 catalytic activity but also prolong its association to damaged chromatin. Here, through live-cell imaging, we quantify the alterations in PARP1 dynamics and activity elicited by seven PARPis over a wide range of concentrations to deliver a unified mechanism of PARPi-induced PARP1 chromatin retention. We find that gross PARP1 retention at DNA damage sites is jointly governed by catalytic inhibition and allosteric trapping, albeit in a strictly independent manner-catalytic inhibition causes multiple unproductive binding-dissociation cycles of PARP1, while allosteric trapping prolongs the lesion-bound state of PARP1 to greatly increase overall retention. Importantly, stronger PARP1 retention produces greater temporal shifts in downstream DNA repair events and superior cytotoxicity, highlighting PARP1 retention, a complex but precisely quantifiable characteristic of PARPis, as a valuable biomarker for PARPi efficacy. Our approach can be promptly repurposed for interrogating the properties of DNA-repair-targeting compounds beyond PARPis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar-Bogomil Kanev
- Laboratory of Genomic Stability, Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. Bl.21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sylvia Varhoshkova
- Laboratory of Genomic Stability, Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. Bl.21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Irina Georgieva
- Transmembrane Signaling Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. Bl.21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Lukarska
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Dilyana Kirova
- Laboratory of Genomic Stability, Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. Bl.21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Danovski
- Laboratory of Genomic Stability, Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. Bl.21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stoyno Stoynov
- Laboratory of Genomic Stability, Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. Bl.21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Radoslav Aleksandrov
- Laboratory of Genomic Stability, Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. Bl.21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
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60
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Bulanova D, Akimov Y, Senkowski W, Oikkonen J, Gall-Mas L, Timonen S, Elmadani M, Hynninen J, Hautaniemi S, Aittokallio T, Wennerberg K. A synthetic lethal dependency on casein kinase 2 in response to replication-perturbing therapeutics in RB1-deficient cancer cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj1564. [PMID: 38781347 PMCID: PMC11114247 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj1564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Resistance to therapy commonly develops in patients with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), urging the search for improved therapeutic combinations and their predictive biomarkers. Starting from a CRISPR knockout screen, we identified that loss of RB1 in TNBC or HGSC cells generates a synthetic lethal dependency on casein kinase 2 (CK2) for surviving the treatment with replication-perturbing therapeutics such as carboplatin, gemcitabine, or PARP inhibitors. CK2 inhibition in RB1-deficient cells resulted in the degradation of another RB family cell cycle regulator, p130, which led to S phase accumulation, micronuclei formation, and accelerated PARP inhibition-induced aneuploidy and mitotic cell death. CK2 inhibition was also effective in primary patient-derived cells. It selectively prevented the regrowth of RB1-deficient patient HGSC organoids after treatment with carboplatin or niraparib. As about 25% of HGSCs and 40% of TNBCs have lost RB1 expression, CK2 inhibition is a promising approach to overcome resistance to standard therapeutics in large strata of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Bulanova
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute for Life Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yevhen Akimov
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute for Life Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wojciech Senkowski
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jaana Oikkonen
- Research Program in Systems Oncology (ONCOSYS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Gall-Mas
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sanna Timonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute for Life Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Johanna Hynninen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sampsa Hautaniemi
- Research Program in Systems Oncology (ONCOSYS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute for Life Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cancer Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology (OCBE), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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61
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Wu N, Zhang X, Fang C, Zhu M, Wang Z, Jian L, Tan W, Wang Y, Li H, Xu X, Zhou Y, Chu TY, Wang J, Liao Q. Progesterone Enhances Niraparib Efficacy in Ovarian Cancer by Promoting Palmitoleic-Acid-Mediated Ferroptosis. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0371. [PMID: 38798714 PMCID: PMC11116976 DOI: 10.34133/research.0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Poly (adenosine 5'-diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) are increasingly important in the treatment of ovarian cancer. However, more than 40% of BRCA1/2-deficient patients do not respond to PARPi, and BRCA wild-type cases do not show obvious benefit. In this study, we demonstrated that progesterone acted synergistically with niraparib in ovarian cancer cells by enhancing niraparib-mediated DNA damage and death regardless of BRCA status. This synergy was validated in an ovarian cancer organoid model and in vivo experiments. Furthermore, we found that progesterone enhances the activity of niraparib in ovarian cancer through inducing ferroptosis by up-regulating palmitoleic acid and causing mitochondrial damage. In clinical cohort, it was observed that progesterone prolonged the survival of patients with ovarian cancer receiving PARPi as second-line maintenance therapy, and high progesterone receptor expression combined with low glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression predicted better efficacy of PARPi in patients with ovarian cancer. These findings not only offer new therapeutic strategies for PARPi poor response ovarian cancer but also provide potential molecular markers for predicting the PARPi efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayiyuan Wu
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
- Public Service Platform of Tumor Organoids Technology,
Hunan Gynecological Tumor Clinical Research Center, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xiu Zhang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
- Public Service Platform of Tumor Organoids Technology,
Hunan Gynecological Tumor Clinical Research Center, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Chao Fang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations,
Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, Hunan, China
| | - Miaochen Zhu
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
- Public Service Platform of Tumor Organoids Technology,
Hunan Gynecological Tumor Clinical Research Center, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
- Public Service Platform of Tumor Organoids Technology,
Hunan Gynecological Tumor Clinical Research Center, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Lian Jian
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Weili Tan
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
- Public Service Platform of Tumor Organoids Technology,
Hunan Gynecological Tumor Clinical Research Center, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - He Li
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Xuemeng Xu
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
- Public Service Platform of Tumor Organoids Technology,
Hunan Gynecological Tumor Clinical Research Center, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
- Public Service Platform of Tumor Organoids Technology,
Hunan Gynecological Tumor Clinical Research Center, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Tang-Yuan Chu
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology,
Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
- Public Service Platform of Tumor Organoids Technology,
Hunan Gynecological Tumor Clinical Research Center, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
- Public Service Platform of Tumor Organoids Technology,
Hunan Gynecological Tumor Clinical Research Center, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
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62
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Dibitetto D, Liptay M, Vivalda F, Dogan H, Gogola E, González Fernández M, Duarte A, Schmid JA, Decollogny M, Francica P, Przetocka S, Durant ST, Forment JV, Klebic I, Siffert M, de Bruijn R, Kousholt AN, Marti NA, Dettwiler M, Sørensen CS, Tille JC, Undurraga M, Labidi-Galy I, Lopes M, Sartori AA, Jonkers J, Rottenberg S. H2AX promotes replication fork degradation and chemosensitivity in BRCA-deficient tumours. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4430. [PMID: 38789420 PMCID: PMC11126719 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48715-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone H2AX plays a key role in DNA damage signalling in the surrounding regions of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). In response to DNA damage, H2AX becomes phosphorylated on serine residue 139 (known as γH2AX), resulting in the recruitment of the DNA repair effectors 53BP1 and BRCA1. Here, by studying resistance to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in BRCA1/2-deficient mammary tumours, we identify a function for γH2AX in orchestrating drug-induced replication fork degradation. Mechanistically, γH2AX-driven replication fork degradation is elicited by suppressing CtIP-mediated fork protection. As a result, H2AX loss restores replication fork stability and increases chemoresistance in BRCA1/2-deficient tumour cells without restoring homology-directed DNA repair, as highlighted by the lack of DNA damage-induced RAD51 foci. Furthermore, in the attempt to discover acquired genetic vulnerabilities, we find that ATM but not ATR inhibition overcomes PARP inhibitor (PARPi) resistance in H2AX-deficient tumours by interfering with CtIP-mediated fork protection. In summary, our results demonstrate a role for H2AX in replication fork biology in BRCA-deficient tumours and establish a function of H2AX separable from its classical role in DNA damage signalling and DSB repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Dibitetto
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
- Cancer Therapy Resistance Cluster and Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy.
| | - Martin Liptay
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Cancer Therapy Resistance Cluster and Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Vivalda
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hülya Dogan
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Cancer Therapy Resistance Cluster and Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ewa Gogola
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martín González Fernández
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Cancer Therapy Resistance Cluster and Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Duarte
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jonas A Schmid
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Morgane Decollogny
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Cancer Therapy Resistance Cluster and Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paola Francica
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Cancer Therapy Resistance Cluster and Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sara Przetocka
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stephen T Durant
- DDR Biology, Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Josep V Forment
- DDR Biology, Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Ismar Klebic
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Myriam Siffert
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roebi de Bruijn
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arne N Kousholt
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200 N, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicole A Marti
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Cancer Therapy Resistance Cluster and Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martina Dettwiler
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claus S Sørensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200 N, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jean-Christophe Tille
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Diagnostics, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Undurraga
- Division of Gynecology, Department of Pediatrics and Gynecology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Intidhar Labidi-Galy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine and Center of Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, University of Geneva, Swiss Cancer Center Leman, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, 4, Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil, Geneva, 1205, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Lopes
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro A Sartori
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
- Cancer Therapy Resistance Cluster and Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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63
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Mentzel J, Hildebrand LS, Kuhlmann L, Fietkau R, Distel LV. Effective Radiosensitization of HNSCC Cell Lines by DNA-PKcs Inhibitor AZD7648 and PARP Inhibitors Talazoparib and Niraparib. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5629. [PMID: 38891817 PMCID: PMC11172136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is common, while treatment is difficult, and mortality is high. Kinase inhibitors are promising to enhance the effects of radiotherapy. We compared the effects of the PARP inhibitors talazoparib and niraparib and that of the DNA-PKcs inhibitor AZD7648, combined with ionizing radiation. (2) Seven HNSCC cell lines, including Cal33, CLS-354, Detroit 562, HSC4, RPMI2650 (HPV-negative), UD-SCC-2 and UM-SCC-47 (HPV-positive), and two healthy fibroblast cell lines, SBLF8 and SBLF9, were studied. Flow cytometry was used to analyze apoptosis and necrosis induction (AnnexinV/7AAD) and cell cycle distribution (Hoechst). Cell inactivation was studied by the colony-forming assay. (3) AZD7648 had the strongest effects, radiosensitizing all HNSCC cell lines, almost always in a supra-additive manner. Talazoparib and niraparib were effective in both HPV-positive cell lines but only consistently in one and two HPV-negative cell lines, respectively. Healthy fibroblasts were not affected by any combined treatment in apoptosis and necrosis induction or G2/M-phase arrest. AZD7648 alone was not toxic to healthy fibroblasts, while the combination with ionizing radiation reduced clonogenicity. (4) In conclusion, talazoparib, niraparib and, most potently, AZD7648 could improve radiation therapy in HNSCC. Healthy fibroblasts tolerated AZD7648 alone extremely well, but irradiation-induced effects might occur. Our results justify in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Mentzel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.M.); (L.S.H.); (L.K.); (R.F.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Laura S. Hildebrand
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.M.); (L.S.H.); (L.K.); (R.F.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Kuhlmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.M.); (L.S.H.); (L.K.); (R.F.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.M.); (L.S.H.); (L.K.); (R.F.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luitpold V. Distel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.M.); (L.S.H.); (L.K.); (R.F.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Smith-Pillet ES, Billur R, Langelier MF, Talele TT, Pascal JM, Black BE. A PARP2-specific active site α-helix melts to permit DNA damage-induced enzymatic activation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.20.594972. [PMID: 38826291 PMCID: PMC11142140 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.20.594972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
PARP1 and PARP2 recognize DNA breaks immediately upon their formation, generate a burst of local PARylation to signal their location, and are co-targeted by all current FDA-approved forms of PARP inhibitors (PARPi) used in the cancer clinic. Recent evidence indicates that the same PARPi molecules impact PARP2 differently from PARP1, raising the possibility that allosteric activation may also differ. We find that unlike for PARP1, destabilization of the autoinhibitory domain of PARP2 is insufficient for DNA damage-induced catalytic activation. Rather, PARP2 activation requires further unfolding of an active site α-helix absent in PARP1. Only one clinical PARPi, Olaparib, stabilizes the PARP2 active site α-helix, representing a structural feature with the potential to discriminate small molecule inhibitors. Collectively, our findings reveal unanticipated differences in local structure and changes in activation-coupled backbone dynamics between PARP1 and PARP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S. Smith-Pillet
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Epigenetics Institute
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Biophysics, Chemical Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19140-6059 USA
| | - Ramya Billur
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Epigenetics Institute
| | - Marie-France Langelier
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal Montréal, (Québec), H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Tanaji T. Talele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439 USA
| | - John M. Pascal
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal Montréal, (Québec), H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Ben E. Black
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Epigenetics Institute
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Biophysics, Chemical Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19140-6059 USA
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Khan R, Coleman N. Challenges and opportunities in the immunotherapy era: balancing expectations with hope in small-cell lung cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2024; 16:17588359241249627. [PMID: 38765713 PMCID: PMC11102705 DOI: 10.1177/17588359241249627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a biologically aggressive subtype of lung cancer, a lethal disease characterized by rapid tumor growth, early relapse, a strong tendency for early widespread metastasis, and high genomic instability, making it a formidable foe in modern oncology practice. While the management of non-SCLC has been revolutionized in the era of immunotherapy, progress in SCLC has been more muted. Recent randomized phase III clinical trials have combined programmed death ligand-1 inhibitors to a chemotherapy backbone and demonstrated improved survival; however, the absolute benefit observed is short months. There is an undeniable urgent need for better responses, better agents, novel therapeutic approaches, and more rational, biomarker-driven clinical trials in SCLC. In this review, we discuss the rationale and current understanding of the biology of SCLC in the modern era of immunotherapy, discuss recent advances in front-line immunotherapeutic approaches that have changed clinical practice globally, provide an overview of some of the challenges and limitations that have staggered immune checkpoint blockade in SCLC, and explore some of the novel immunotherapeutic approaches currently being investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raza Khan
- School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh Coleman
- Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, James Street, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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66
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Tarsounas M. A PARP1-TIMELESS alliance in cancer therapy. Mol Cell 2024; 84:1824-1825. [PMID: 38759623 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
In a recent paper in Nature, Petropoulos et al.1 report that PARP1 acts together with the replisome components TIMELESS and TIPIN to protect the genome from transcription-replication conflicts, which has important implications for the clinical use of PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Tarsounas
- Genome Stability and Tumourigenesis Group, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
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67
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Peng X, Li Y, Qu J, Jiang L, Wu K, Liu D, Chen Y, Peng J, Guo Y, Cao X. High affinity and low PARP-trapping benzimidazole derivatives as a potential warhead for PARP1 degraders. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116405. [PMID: 38678823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
PARPi have been explored and applied in the treatment of various cancers with remarkable efficacy, especially BRCA1/2 mutated ovarian, breast, prostate, and pancreatic cancers. However, PARPi renders inevitable drug resistance and showed high toxicity because of PARP-Trapping with long-term clinic tracking. To overcome the drug resistance and the high toxicity of PARPi, many novel methods have been developed including PROTACs. Being an event-driven technology, PROTACs needs a high affinity, low toxicity warhead with no steric hindrance in binding process. Veliparib shows the lowest PARP-Trapping effect but could hardly to be the warhead of PROTACs because of the strong steric hindrance. Other PARP1 inhibitors showed less steric hindrance but owns high PARP-Trapping effect. Thus, the development of novel warhead with high PARP1 affinity, low PARP1-Trapping, and no steric hindrance would be valuable. In this work, we reserved benzimidazole as the motif to reserve the low PARP1-Trapping effect and substituted the pyrrole by aromatic ring to avoiding the steric hindrance in PARP1 binding cave. Thus, a series of benzimidazole derivates were designed and synthesized, and some biological activities in vitro were evaluated including the inhibition for PARP1 enzyme and the PARP-Trapping effect using MDA-MB-436 cell line. Results showed that the compound 19A10 has higher PARP1 affinity(IC50 = 4.62 nM)) and similar low PARP-Trapping effect compared with Veliparib(IC50 (MDA-MB-436) >100 μM). Docking study showed that the compound 19A10 could avoiding the steric hindrance which was much better than Veliparib. So, the compound 19A10 could potentially be a perfect warhead for PARP1 degraders. Besides, because of the depletion of the PARP1 and the decreasing of the binding capability, we suppose that the PROTACs using 19A10 as the warhead would be no-PARP-Trapping effect. Furthermore, QSAR study showed that to develop novel compounds with high PARP1 binding affinity and low PARP-Trapping, we can choose the skeleton with substituent R1H, R2 = piperiazine, and R3 with large tPSA. And, if we want to develop the compounds with high PARP1 binding affinity and high PARP-Trapping which can possibly improve the lethality against tumor cells, we can choose the skeleton with substituent R1F, R2 = 3-methy-piperiazine, and R3 with large tPSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Peng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, College of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yang Li
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, College of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Junfeng Qu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, College of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lizhi Jiang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, College of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Kaiyue Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Ezhou Central Hospital, Ezhou, Hubei, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, College of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, College of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Junmei Peng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, College of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, College of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xuan Cao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, College of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.
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Nunes M, Bartosch C, Abreu MH, Richardson A, Almeida R, Ricardo S. Deciphering the Molecular Mechanisms behind Drug Resistance in Ovarian Cancer to Unlock Efficient Treatment Options. Cells 2024; 13:786. [PMID: 38727322 PMCID: PMC11083313 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a highly lethal form of gynecological cancer. This disease often goes undetected until advanced stages, resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates. Unfortunately, many patients experience relapse and succumb to the disease due to the emergence of drug resistance that significantly limits the effectiveness of currently available oncological treatments. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms responsible for resistance to carboplatin, paclitaxel, polyadenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase inhibitors, and bevacizumab in ovarian cancer. We present a detailed analysis of the most extensively investigated resistance mechanisms, including drug inactivation, drug target alterations, enhanced drug efflux pumps, increased DNA damage repair capacity, and reduced drug absorption/accumulation. The in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with drug resistance is crucial to unveil new biomarkers capable of predicting and monitoring the kinetics during disease progression and discovering new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Nunes
- Differentiation and Cancer Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.N.); (R.A.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Bartosch
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (PCCC), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.B.); (M.H.A.)
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPO-Porto), Health Research Network (RISE@CI-IPO-Porto), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Henriques Abreu
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (PCCC), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.B.); (M.H.A.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alan Richardson
- The School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, Staffordshire, UK;
| | - Raquel Almeida
- Differentiation and Cancer Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.N.); (R.A.)
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (FCUP), 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Sara Ricardo
- Differentiation and Cancer Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.N.); (R.A.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Toxicologic Pathology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
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69
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Szántó M, Yélamos J, Bai P. Specific and shared biological functions of PARP2 - is PARP2 really a lil' brother of PARP1? Expert Rev Mol Med 2024; 26:e13. [PMID: 38698556 PMCID: PMC11140550 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2024.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
PARP2, that belongs to the family of ADP-ribosyl transferase enzymes (ART), is a discovery of the millennium, as it was identified in 1999. Although PARP2 was described initially as a DNA repair factor, it is now evident that PARP2 partakes in the regulation or execution of multiple biological processes as inflammation, carcinogenesis and cancer progression, metabolism or oxidative stress-related diseases. Hereby, we review the involvement of PARP2 in these processes with the aim of understanding which processes are specific for PARP2, but not for other members of the ART family. A better understanding of the specific functions of PARP2 in all of these biological processes is crucial for the development of new PARP-centred selective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdolna Szántó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - José Yélamos
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Péter Bai
- HUN-REN-UD Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
- MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
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70
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Wu S, Yao X, Sun W, Jiang K, Hao J. Exploration of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor resistance in the treatment of BRCA1/2-mutated cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2024; 63:e23243. [PMID: 38747337 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer susceptibility 1/2 (BRCA1/2) genes play a crucial role in DNA damage repair, yet mutations in these genes increase the susceptibility to tumorigenesis. Exploiting the synthetic lethality mechanism between BRCA1/2 mutations and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition has led to the development and clinical approval of PARP inhibitor (PARPi), representing a milestone in targeted therapy for BRCA1/2 mutant tumors. This approach has paved the way for leveraging synthetic lethality in tumor treatment strategies. Despite the initial success of PARPis, resistance to these agents diminishes their efficacy in BRCA1/2-mutant tumors. Investigations into PARPi resistance have identified replication fork stability and homologous recombination repair as key factors sensitive to PARPis. Additionally, studies suggest that replication gaps may also confer sensitivity to PARPis. Moreover, emerging evidence indicates a correlation between PARPi resistance and cisplatin resistance, suggesting a potential overlap in the mechanisms underlying resistance to both agents. Given these findings, it is imperative to explore the interplay between replication gaps and PARPi resistance, particularly in the context of platinum resistance. Understanding the impact of replication gaps on PARPi resistance may offer insights into novel therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance mechanisms and enhance the efficacy of targeted therapies in BRCA1/2-mutant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, HangZhou, China
| | - Xuanjie Yao
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, HangZhou, China
| | - Weiwei Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, HangZhou, China
| | - Kaitao Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, HangZhou, China
| | - Jie Hao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, HangZhou, China
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71
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Morganti S, Marra A, De Angelis C, Toss A, Licata L, Giugliano F, Taurelli Salimbeni B, Berton Giachetti PPM, Esposito A, Giordano A, Bianchini G, Garber JE, Curigliano G, Lynce F, Criscitiello C. PARP Inhibitors for Breast Cancer Treatment: A Review. JAMA Oncol 2024; 10:658-670. [PMID: 38512229 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.7322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Importance Poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of patients with germline BRCA1/2-associated breast cancer, representing the first targeted therapy capable of improving outcomes in patients with hereditary tumors. However, resistance to PARP inhibitors occurs in almost all patients. Observations This narrative review summarizes the biological rationale behind the use of PARP inhibitors in breast cancer, as well as the available evidence, recent progress, and potential future applications of these agents. Recent studies have shown that the benefit of PARP inhibitors extends beyond patients with germline BRCA1/2-associated metastatic breast cancer to patients with somatic BRCA1/2 variants and to those with germline PALB2 alterations. Moreover, these agents proved to be effective both in the metastatic and adjuvant settings. However, patients with metastatic breast cancer usually do not achieve the long-term benefit from PARP inhibitors observed in other tumor types. Mechanisms of resistance have been identified, but how to effectively target them is largely unknown. Ongoing research is investigating both novel therapeutics and new combination strategies to overcome resistance. PARP1-selective inhibitors, by sparing the hematological toxic effects induced by the PARP2 blockade, are promising agents to be combined with chemotherapy, antibody-drug conjugates, and other targeted therapies. Conclusions and Relevance Although the efficacy of PARP inhibitors is well established, many questions persist. Future research should focus on identifying predictive biomarkers and therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance. Integrating well-designed translational efforts into all clinical studies is thereby crucial to laying the groundwork for future insights from ongoing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Morganti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Carmine De Angelis
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Laster and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Angela Toss
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Licata
- Department of Medical Oncology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Giugliano
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- INSERM U981-Molecular Predictors and New Targets in Oncology, PRISM Center for Precision Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | - Angela Esposito
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Giampaolo Bianchini
- Department of Medical Oncology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Judy E Garber
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Filipa Lynce
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carmen Criscitiello
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Strachowska M, Robaszkiewicz A. Characteristics of anticancer activity of CBP/p300 inhibitors - Features of their classes, intracellular targets and future perspectives of their application in cancer treatment. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 257:108636. [PMID: 38521246 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Due to the contribution of highly homologous acetyltransferases CBP and p300 to transcription elevation of oncogenes and other cancer promoting factors, these enzymes emerge as possible epigenetic targets of anticancer therapy. Extensive efforts in search for small molecule inhibitors led to development of compounds targeting histone acetyltransferase catalytic domain or chromatin-interacting bromodomain of CBP/p300, as well as dual BET and CBP/p300 inhibitors. The promising anticancer efficacy in in vitro and mice models led CCS1477 and NEO2734 to clinical trials. However, none of the described inhibitors is perfectly specific to CBP/p300 since they share similarity of a key functional domains with other enzymes, which are critically associated with cancer progression and their antagonists demonstrate remarkable clinical efficacy in cancer therapy. Therefore, we revise the possible and clinically relevant off-targets of CBP/p300 inhibitors that can be blocked simultaneously with CBP/p300 thereby improving the anticancer potential of CBP/p300 inhibitors and pharmacokinetic predicting data such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME) and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Strachowska
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General Biophysics, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; University of Lodz, Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School of the University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Banacha 12 /16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Robaszkiewicz
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General Biophysics, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute of Fundamental and Basic Research, 600 5(th) Street South, Saint Petersburg FL33701, United States of America.
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73
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Matsumura N, Mandai M. PMDA regulatory update on approval of new drugs and revisions of precautions; approval of talazoparib tosilate for prostate and breast cancer, and luspatercept for myelodysplastic syndrome in Japan. Int J Clin Oncol 2024; 29:493-494. [PMID: 38551728 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-024-02510-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Noriomi Matsumura
- Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Japan.
- Japan Society of Clinical Oncology, Editorial Committee, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masaki Mandai
- Japan Society of Clinical Oncology, Editorial Committee, Tokyo, Japan
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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74
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Lampson BL, Ramίrez AS, Baro M, He L, Hegde M, Koduri V, Pfaff JL, Hanna RE, Kowal J, Shirole NH, He Y, Doench JG, Contessa JN, Locher KP, Kaelin WG. Positive selection CRISPR screens reveal a druggable pocket in an oligosaccharyltransferase required for inflammatory signaling to NF-κB. Cell 2024; 187:2209-2223.e16. [PMID: 38670073 PMCID: PMC11149550 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) plays roles in various diseases. Many inflammatory signals, such as circulating lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), activate NF-κB via specific receptors. Using whole-genome CRISPR-Cas9 screens of LPS-treated cells that express an NF-κB-driven suicide gene, we discovered that the LPS receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is specifically dependent on the oligosaccharyltransferase complex OST-A for N-glycosylation and cell-surface localization. The tool compound NGI-1 inhibits OST complexes in vivo, but the underlying molecular mechanism remained unknown. We did a CRISPR base-editor screen for NGI-1-resistant variants of STT3A, the catalytic subunit of OST-A. These variants, in conjunction with cryoelectron microscopy studies, revealed that NGI-1 binds the catalytic site of STT3A, where it traps a molecule of the donor substrate dolichyl-PP-GlcNAc2-Man9-Glc3, suggesting an uncompetitive inhibition mechanism. Our results provide a rationale for and an initial step toward the development of STT3A-specific inhibitors and illustrate the power of contemporaneous base-editor and structural studies to define drug mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Lampson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ana S Ramίrez
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marta Baro
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Lixia He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mudra Hegde
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Vidyasagar Koduri
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jamie L Pfaff
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ruth E Hanna
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Julia Kowal
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nitin H Shirole
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yanfeng He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - John G Doench
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Joseph N Contessa
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Kaspar P Locher
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - William G Kaelin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Piombino C, Pipitone S, Tonni E, Mastrodomenico L, Oltrecolli M, Tchawa C, Matranga R, Roccabruna S, D’Agostino E, Pirola M, Bacchelli F, Baldessari C, Baschieri MC, Dominici M, Sabbatini R, Vitale MG. Homologous Recombination Repair Deficiency in Metastatic Prostate Cancer: New Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4624. [PMID: 38731844 PMCID: PMC11083429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
More than 20% of metastatic prostate cancer carries genomic defects involving DNA damage repair pathways, mainly in homologous recombination repair-related genes. The recent approval of olaparib has paved the way to precision medicine for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer with PARP inhibitors in this subset of patients, especially in the case of BRCA1 or BRCA2 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants. In face of this new therapeutic opportunity, many issues remain unsolved. This narrative review aims to describe the relationship between homologous recombination repair deficiency and prostate cancer, the techniques used to determine homologous recombination repair status in prostate cancer, the crosstalk between homologous recombination repair and the androgen receptor pathway, the current evidence on PARP inhibitors activity in metastatic prostate cancer also in homologous recombination repair-proficient tumors, as well as emerging mechanisms of resistance to PARP inhibitors. The possibility of combination therapies including a PARP inhibitor is an attractive option, and more robust data are awaited from ongoing phase II and phase III trials outlined in this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Piombino
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy; (C.P.); (S.P.); (E.T.); (L.M.); (M.O.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (E.D.); (M.P.); (C.B.); (M.D.); (R.S.)
| | - Stefania Pipitone
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy; (C.P.); (S.P.); (E.T.); (L.M.); (M.O.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (E.D.); (M.P.); (C.B.); (M.D.); (R.S.)
| | - Elena Tonni
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy; (C.P.); (S.P.); (E.T.); (L.M.); (M.O.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (E.D.); (M.P.); (C.B.); (M.D.); (R.S.)
| | - Luciana Mastrodomenico
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy; (C.P.); (S.P.); (E.T.); (L.M.); (M.O.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (E.D.); (M.P.); (C.B.); (M.D.); (R.S.)
| | - Marco Oltrecolli
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy; (C.P.); (S.P.); (E.T.); (L.M.); (M.O.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (E.D.); (M.P.); (C.B.); (M.D.); (R.S.)
| | - Cyrielle Tchawa
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy; (C.P.); (S.P.); (E.T.); (L.M.); (M.O.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (E.D.); (M.P.); (C.B.); (M.D.); (R.S.)
| | - Rossana Matranga
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy; (C.P.); (S.P.); (E.T.); (L.M.); (M.O.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (E.D.); (M.P.); (C.B.); (M.D.); (R.S.)
| | - Sara Roccabruna
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy; (C.P.); (S.P.); (E.T.); (L.M.); (M.O.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (E.D.); (M.P.); (C.B.); (M.D.); (R.S.)
| | - Elisa D’Agostino
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy; (C.P.); (S.P.); (E.T.); (L.M.); (M.O.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (E.D.); (M.P.); (C.B.); (M.D.); (R.S.)
| | - Marta Pirola
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy; (C.P.); (S.P.); (E.T.); (L.M.); (M.O.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (E.D.); (M.P.); (C.B.); (M.D.); (R.S.)
| | - Francesca Bacchelli
- Clinical Trials Office, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Cinzia Baldessari
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy; (C.P.); (S.P.); (E.T.); (L.M.); (M.O.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (E.D.); (M.P.); (C.B.); (M.D.); (R.S.)
| | - Maria Cristina Baschieri
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy; (C.P.); (S.P.); (E.T.); (L.M.); (M.O.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (E.D.); (M.P.); (C.B.); (M.D.); (R.S.)
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Roberto Sabbatini
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy; (C.P.); (S.P.); (E.T.); (L.M.); (M.O.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (E.D.); (M.P.); (C.B.); (M.D.); (R.S.)
| | - Maria Giuseppa Vitale
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy; (C.P.); (S.P.); (E.T.); (L.M.); (M.O.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (E.D.); (M.P.); (C.B.); (M.D.); (R.S.)
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Matthaios D, Balgkouranidou I, Neanidis K, Sofis A, Pikouli A, Romanidis K, Pappa A, Karamouzis M, Zygogianni A, Charalampidis C, Zarogoulidis P, Rigas G, Galanis A. Revisiting Temozolomide's role in solid tumors: Old is gold? J Cancer 2024; 15:3254-3271. [PMID: 38817857 PMCID: PMC11134434 DOI: 10.7150/jca.94109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Temozolomide is an imidazotetrazine with a long history in oncology especially for the high grade malignant glioma and metastatic melanoma. However, last year's new indications for its use are added. Its optimum pharmacodynamic profile, its ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, the existence of methylation of MGMT in solid tumors which enhances its efficacy, the identification of new agents that can overcome temozolomide's resistance, the promising role of temozolomide in turning immune cold tumors to hot ones, are leading to expand its use in other solid tumors, giving oncologists an additional tool for the treatment of advanced and aggressive neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anastasia Pikouli
- Third Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Romanidis
- Second Department of Surgery, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace Medical School, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Michael Karamouzis
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Zygogianni
- Radiation Oncology Unit, 1st Department of Radiology, Aretaieion University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- Pulmonary-Oncology Department, General Clinic Euromedice, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Rigas
- Oncology Department, Private General Clinic of Volos, Volos, Greece
| | - Alex Galanis
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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77
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Cunningham ML, Schiewer MJ. PARP-ish: Gaps in Molecular Understanding and Clinical Trials Targeting PARP Exacerbate Racial Disparities in Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res 2024; 84:743102. [PMID: 38635890 PMCID: PMC11217733 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-3458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
PARP is a nuclear enzyme with a major function in the DNA damage response. PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have been developed for treating tumors harboring homologous recombination repair (HRR) defects that lead to a dependency on PARP. There are currently three PARPi approved for use in advanced prostate cancer (PCa), and several others are in clinical trials for this disease. Recent clinical trial results have reported differential efficacy based on the specific PARPi utilized as well as patient race. There is a racial disparity in PCa, where African American (AA) males are twice as likely to develop and die from the disease compared to European American (EA) males. Despite the disparity, there continues to be a lack of diversity in clinical trial cohorts for PCa. In this review, PARP nuclear functions, inhibition, and clinical relevance are explored through the lens of racial differences. This review will touch on the biological variations that have been explored thus far between AA and EA males with PCa to offer rationale for investigating PARPi response in the context of race at both the basic science and the clinical development levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moriah L. Cunningham
- Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Matthew J. Schiewer
- Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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78
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Carreras CW, Fontaine SD, Reid RR, Ashley GW, Santi DV. Long-Acting Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitor Prodrug for Humans. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:551-558. [PMID: 38591781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have been approved for once or twice daily oral use in the treatment of cancers with BRCA defects. However, for some patients, oral administration of PARPi may be impractical or intolerable, and a long-acting injectable formulation is desirable. We recently developed a long-acting PEGylated PARPi prodrug, PEG∼talazoparib (TLZ), which suppressed the growth of PARPi-sensitive tumors in mice for very long periods. However, the release rate of TLZ from the conjugate was too fast to be optimal in humans. We prepared several new PEG∼TLZ prodrugs having longer half-lives of drug release and accurately measured their pharmacokinetics in the rat. Using the rates of release of TLZ from these prodrugs and the known pharmacokinetics of free TLZ in humans, we simulated the pharmacokinetics of the macromolecular prodrugs and released TLZ in humans. From several possibilities, we chose two conjugates that could be administered intravenously every 2 weeks and maintain TLZ within its known therapeutic window. We describe situations where the PEG∼TLZ conjugates would find utility in humans and suggest how the intravenously administered long-acting prodrugs could in fact be more effective than daily oral administration of free TLZ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaun D Fontaine
- ProLynx, Inc., 135 Mississippi Street, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Ralph R Reid
- ProLynx, Inc., 135 Mississippi Street, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Gary W Ashley
- ProLynx, Inc., 135 Mississippi Street, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Daniel V Santi
- ProLynx, Inc., 135 Mississippi Street, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
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Sasaki Y, Inouchi T, Nakatsuka R, Inoue A, Masutani M, Nozaki T. Activated NAD+ biosynthesis pathway induces olaparib resistance in BRCA1 knockout pancreatic cancer cells. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302130. [PMID: 38625917 PMCID: PMC11020856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
PARP inhibitors have been developed as anti-cancer agents based on synthetic lethality in homologous recombination deficient cancer cells. However, resistance to PARP inhibitors such as olaparib remains a problem in clinical use, and the mechanisms of resistance are not fully understood. To investigate mechanisms of PARP inhibitor resistance, we established a BRCA1 knockout clone derived from the pancreatic cancer MIA PaCa-2 cells, which we termed C1 cells, and subsequently isolated an olaparib-resistant C1/OLA cells. We then performed RNA-sequencing and pathway analysis on olaparib-treated C1 and C1/OLA cells. Our results revealed activation of cell signaling pathway related to NAD+ metabolism in the olaparib-resistant C1/OLA cells, with increased expression of genes encoding the NAD+ biosynthetic enzymes NAMPT and NMNAT2. Moreover, intracellular NAD+ levels were significantly higher in C1/OLA cells than in the non-olaparib-resistant C1 cells. Upregulation of intracellular NAD+ levels by the addition of nicotinamide also induced resistance to olaparib and talazoparib in C1 cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that upregulation of intracellular NAD+ is one of the factors underlying the acquisition of PARP inhibitor resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Genomic Biomedicine, Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takuma Inouchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Nakatsuka
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Amane Inoue
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Masutani
- Department of Molecular and Genomic Biomedicine, Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tadashige Nozaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
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80
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Nie L, Wang C, Huang M, Liu X, Feng X, Tang M, Li S, Hang Q, Teng H, Shen X, Ma L, Gan B, Chen J. DePARylation is critical for S phase progression and cell survival. eLife 2024; 12:RP89303. [PMID: 38578205 PMCID: PMC10997334 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose)ylation or PARylation by PAR polymerase 1 (PARP1) and dePARylation by poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) are equally important for the dynamic regulation of DNA damage response. PARG, the most active dePARylation enzyme, is recruited to sites of DNA damage via pADPr-dependent and PCNA-dependent mechanisms. Targeting dePARylation is considered an alternative strategy to overcome PARP inhibitor resistance. However, precisely how dePARylation functions in normal unperturbed cells remains elusive. To address this challenge, we conducted multiple CRISPR screens and revealed that dePARylation of S phase pADPr by PARG is essential for cell viability. Loss of dePARylation activity initially induced S-phase-specific pADPr signaling, which resulted from unligated Okazaki fragments and eventually led to uncontrolled pADPr accumulation and PARP1/2-dependent cytotoxicity. Moreover, we demonstrated that proteins involved in Okazaki fragment ligation and/or base excision repair regulate pADPr signaling and cell death induced by PARG inhibition. In addition, we determined that PARG expression is critical for cellular sensitivity to PARG inhibition. Additionally, we revealed that PARG is essential for cell survival by suppressing pADPr. Collectively, our data not only identify an essential role for PARG in normal proliferating cells but also provide a potential biomarker for the further development of PARG inhibitors in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litong Nie
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Xu Feng
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Mengfan Tang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Siting Li
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Qinglei Hang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Hongqi Teng
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
- Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Boyi Gan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
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81
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Staniszewska AD, Pilger D, Gill SJ, Jamal K, Bohin N, Guzzetti S, Gordon J, Hamm G, Mundin G, Illuzzi G, Pike A, McWilliams L, Maglennon G, Rose J, Hawthorne G, Cortes Gonzalez M, Halldin C, Johnström P, Schou M, Critchlow SE, Fawell S, Johannes JW, Leo E, Davies BR, Cosulich S, Sarkaria JN, O'Connor MJ, Hamerlik P. Preclinical Characterization of AZD9574, a Blood-Brain Barrier Penetrant Inhibitor of PARP1. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:1338-1351. [PMID: 37967136 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-2094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the properties and activity of AZD9574, a blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrant selective inhibitor of PARP1, and assessed its efficacy and safety alone and in combination with temozolomide (TMZ) in preclinical models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AZD9574 was interrogated in vitro for selectivity, PARylation inhibition, PARP-DNA trapping, the ability to cross the BBB, and the potential to inhibit cancer cell proliferation. In vivo efficacy was determined using subcutaneous as well as intracranial mouse xenograft models. Mouse, rat, and monkey were used to assess AZD9574 BBB penetration and rat models were used to evaluate potential hematotoxicity for AZD9574 monotherapy and the TMZ combination. RESULTS AZD9574 demonstrated PARP1-selectivity in fluorescence anisotropy, PARylation, and PARP-DNA trapping assays and in vivo experiments demonstrated BBB penetration. AZD9574 showed potent single agent efficacy in preclinical models with homologous recombination repair deficiency in vitro and in vivo. In an O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT)-methylated orthotopic glioma model, AZD9574 in combination with TMZ was superior in extending the survival of tumor-bearing mice compared with TMZ alone. CONCLUSIONS The combination of three key features-PARP1 selectivity, PARP1 trapping profile, and high central nervous system penetration in a single molecule-supports the development of AZD9574 as the best-in-class PARP inhibitor for the treatment of primary and secondary brain tumors. As documented by in vitro and in vivo studies, AZD9574 shows robust anticancer efficacy as a single agent as well as in combination with TMZ. AZD9574 is currently in a phase I trial (NCT05417594). See related commentary by Lynce and Lin, p. 1217.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Domenic Pilger
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sonja J Gill
- Oncology Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kunzah Jamal
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Natacha Bohin
- Oncology Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia Guzzetti
- DMPK, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob Gordon
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gregory Hamm
- Imaging and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gill Mundin
- DMPK, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Giuditta Illuzzi
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Pike
- DMPK, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa McWilliams
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Maglennon
- Pathology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Rose
- Animal Sciences and Technologies, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Glen Hawthorne
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Johnström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- PET Science Centre at Karolinska Institutet, Precision Medicine and Biosamples, Oncology R&D, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Schou
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- PET Science Centre at Karolinska Institutet, Precision Medicine and Biosamples, Oncology R&D, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Elisabetta Leo
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Barry R Davies
- Projects Group, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sabina Cosulich
- Projects Group, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mark J O'Connor
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Petra Hamerlik
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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82
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Patel J, Dawson VL, Dawson TM. Blocking the Self-Destruct Program of Dopamine Neurons through Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Nuclease Inhibition. Mov Disord 2024; 39:644-650. [PMID: 38396375 PMCID: PMC11160583 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that pathognomonically involves the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, resulting in a myriad of motor and non-motor symptoms. Given the insurmountable burden of this disease on the population and healthcare system, significant efforts have been put forth toward generating disease modifying therapies. This class of treatments characteristically alters disease course, as opposed to current strategies that focus on managing symptoms. Previous literature has implicated the cell death pathway known as parthanatos in PD progression. Inhibition of this pathway by targeting poly (ADP)-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) prevents neurodegeneration in a model of idiopathic PD. However, PARP1 has a vast repertoire of functions within the body, increasing the probability of side effects with the long-term treatment likely necessary for clinically significant neuroprotection. Recent work culminated in the development of a novel agent targeting the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) nuclease domain, also named parthanatos-associated apoptosis-inducing factor nuclease (PAAN). This nuclease activity specifically executes the terminal step in parthanatos. Parthanatos-associated apoptosis-inducing factor nuclease inhibitor-1 was neuroprotective in multiple preclinical mouse models of PD. This piece will focus on contextualizing this discovery, emphasizing its significance, and discussing its potential implications for parthanatos-directed treatment. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimin Patel
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Valina L. Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ted M. Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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83
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Petropoulos M, Karamichali A, Rossetti GG, Freudenmann A, Iacovino LG, Dionellis VS, Sotiriou SK, Halazonetis TD. Transcription-replication conflicts underlie sensitivity to PARP inhibitors. Nature 2024; 628:433-441. [PMID: 38509368 PMCID: PMC11006605 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07217-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
An important advance in cancer therapy has been the development of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for the treatment of homologous recombination (HR)-deficient cancers1-6. PARP inhibitors trap PARPs on DNA. The trapped PARPs are thought to block replisome progression, leading to formation of DNA double-strand breaks that require HR for repair7. Here we show that PARP1 functions together with TIMELESS and TIPIN to protect the replisome in early S phase from transcription-replication conflicts. Furthermore, the synthetic lethality of PARP inhibitors with HR deficiency is due to an inability to repair DNA damage caused by transcription-replication conflicts, rather than by trapped PARPs. Along these lines, inhibiting transcription elongation in early S phase rendered HR-deficient cells resistant to PARP inhibitors and depleting PARP1 by small-interfering RNA was synthetic lethal with HR deficiency. Thus, inhibiting PARP1 enzymatic activity may suffice for treatment efficacy in HR-deficient settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalis Petropoulos
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Angeliki Karamichali
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Alena Freudenmann
- FoRx Therapeutics AG, Basel, Switzerland
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Vasilis S Dionellis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sotirios K Sotiriou
- FoRx Therapeutics AG, Basel, Switzerland
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thanos D Halazonetis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Ditonno F, Bianchi A, Malandra S, Porcaro AB, Fantinel E, Negrelli R, Ferro M, Milella M, Brunelli M, Autorino R, Cerruto MA, Veccia A, Antonelli A. PARP Inhibitors in Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Existing Evidence. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2024; 22:402-412.e17. [PMID: 38281877 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) represent an option in selected cases of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of approved (Olaparib, Rucaparib) and investigational (Talazoparib, Niraparib, Veliparib) PARPi in mCRPC patients. Three databases were queried for studies analyzing oncological outcomes and adverse events of mCRPC patients receiving PARPi. Primary outcome was a PSA decline ≥ 50% from baseline. Secondary outcomes were objective response rate, progression-free survival (PFS), radiological PFS, overall survival (OS), conversion of circulating tumor cell count, and time to PSA progression. The number and rate of any grade adverse events (AEs), grade ≥ 3 AEs, and most common grade ≥ 3 AEs were registered. A subanalysis of outcomes per mutation type, prospective trials, and studies adopting combination therapies was performed. Overall, 31 studies were included in this systematic review, 28 of which are available for meta-analysis. The most frequently investigated drug was Olaparib. The most frequent mutation was BRCA2. A PSA decline rate of 43% (95% CI 0.32-0.54) was observed in the overall population. Mean OS was 15.9 (95% CI 12.9-19.0) months. In BRCA2 patients, PSA decline rate was 66% (95% CI 0.57-0.7) and OS 23.4 months (95% CI 22.8-24.1). Half of the patients suffered from grade 3 and 4 AEs (0.50 [95% CI 0.39-0.60]). Most common AEs were hematological, the most frequent being anemia (21.5%). PARP inhibitors represent a viable option for mCRPC patients. Current evidence suggests an increased effectiveness in homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene mutation carriers, especially BRCA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ditonno
- Department of Urology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI) Verona, Verona, Italy; Department of Urology, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alberto Bianchi
- Department of Urology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI) Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sarah Malandra
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Ginecology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI) Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Antonio Benito Porcaro
- Department of Urology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI) Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Emanuela Fantinel
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Riccardo Negrelli
- Department of Radiology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Ferro
- Department of Urology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Milella
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Brunelli
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, Italy
| | | | - Maria Angela Cerruto
- Department of Urology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI) Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Veccia
- Department of Urology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI) Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Urology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI) Verona, Verona, Italy
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85
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Shi M, Li Z, Shen G, Wang T, Li J, Wang M, Liu Z, Zhao F, Ren D, Zhao J. Efficacy and safety of first-line treatment for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: A network meta-analysis. CANCER PATHOGENESIS AND THERAPY 2024; 2:81-90. [PMID: 38601487 PMCID: PMC11002666 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpt.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) is an aggressive histological subtype with poor prognosis. Several first-line treatments are currently available for mTNBC. This study conducted a network meta-analysis to compare these first-line regimens and to determine the regimen with the best efficacy. Methods A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Bases, and minutes of major conferences was performed. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and objective response rate (ORR) were analyzed via network meta-analysis using the R software (R Core Team, Vienna, Austria). The efficacy of the treatment regimens was compared using hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results A total of 29 randomized controlled trials involving 4607 patients were analyzed. The ranking was based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve. Network meta-analysis results showed that cisplatin combined with nab-paclitaxel or paclitaxel was superior to docetaxel plus capecitabine in terms of PFS and ORR. For programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA) mutation-positive tumors, atezolizumab/pembrolizumab combined with nab-paclitaxel and talazoparib was superior to docetaxel plus capecitabine. No significant difference was observed among the treatments in OS. Neutropenia, diarrhea, and fatigue were common serious adverse events. Conclusion Cisplatin combined with nab-paclitaxel or paclitaxel is the preferred first-line treatment for mTNBC. For PD-L1 and BRCA mutation-positive tumors, atezolizumab/pembrolizumab combined with nab-paclitaxel and talazoparib is an effective treatment option. Neutropenia, diarrhea, and fatigue are frequently occurring serious adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tianzhuo Wang
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai, University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810000, China
| | - Jinming Li
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai, University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810000, China
| | - Miaozhou Wang
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai, University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810000, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai, University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810000, China
| | - Fuxing Zhao
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai, University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810000, China
| | - Dengfeng Ren
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai, University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810000, China
| | - Jiuda Zhao
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai, University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810000, China
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86
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Harvey-Jones E, Raghunandan M, Robbez-Masson L, Magraner-Pardo L, Alaguthurai T, Yablonovitch A, Yen J, Xiao H, Brough R, Frankum J, Song F, Yeung J, Savy T, Gulati A, Alexander J, Kemp H, Starling C, Konde A, Marlow R, Cheang M, Proszek P, Hubank M, Cai M, Trendell J, Lu R, Liccardo R, Ravindran N, Llop-Guevara A, Rodriguez O, Balmana J, Lukashchuk N, Dorschner M, Drusbosky L, Roxanis I, Serra V, Haider S, Pettitt SJ, Lord CJ, Tutt ANJ. Longitudinal profiling identifies co-occurring BRCA1/2 reversions, TP53BP1, RIF1 and PAXIP1 mutations in PARP inhibitor-resistant advanced breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2024; 35:364-380. [PMID: 38244928 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to therapies that target homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) in breast cancer limits their overall effectiveness. Multiple, preclinically validated, mechanisms of resistance have been proposed, but their existence and relative frequency in clinical disease are unclear, as is how to target resistance. PATIENTS AND METHODS Longitudinal mutation and methylation profiling of circulating tumour (ct)DNA was carried out in 47 patients with metastatic BRCA1-, BRCA2- or PALB2-mutant breast cancer treated with HRD-targeted therapy who developed progressive disease-18 patients had primary resistance and 29 exhibited response followed by resistance. ctDNA isolated at multiple time points in the patient treatment course (before, on-treatment and at progression) was sequenced using a novel >750-gene intron/exon targeted sequencing panel. Where available, matched tumour biopsies were whole exome and RNA sequenced and also used to assess nuclear RAD51. RESULTS BRCA1/2 reversion mutations were present in 60% of patients and were the most prevalent form of resistance. In 10 cases, reversions were detected in ctDNA before clinical progression. Two new reversion-based mechanisms were identified: (i) intragenic BRCA1/2 deletions with intronic breakpoints; and (ii) intragenic BRCA1/2 secondary mutations that formed novel splice acceptor sites, the latter being confirmed by in vitro minigene reporter assays. When seen before commencing subsequent treatment, reversions were associated with significantly shorter time to progression. Tumours with reversions retained HRD mutational signatures but had functional homologous recombination based on RAD51 status. Although less frequent than reversions, nonreversion mechanisms [loss-of-function (LoF) mutations in TP53BP1, RIF1 or PAXIP1] were evident in patients with acquired resistance and occasionally coexisted with reversions, challenging the notion that singular resistance mechanisms emerge in each patient. CONCLUSIONS These observations map the prevalence of candidate drivers of resistance across time in a clinical setting, information with implications for clinical management and trial design in HRD breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Harvey-Jones
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Guy's Hospital Cancer Centre, King's College London, UK; The City of London Cancer Research UK Centre at King's College London, UK
| | - M Raghunandan
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - L Robbez-Masson
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - L Magraner-Pardo
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - T Alaguthurai
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Guy's Hospital Cancer Centre, King's College London, UK
| | | | - J Yen
- Guardant Health Inc., Redwood City, USA
| | - H Xiao
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - R Brough
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - J Frankum
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - F Song
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - J Yeung
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - T Savy
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - A Gulati
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - J Alexander
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - H Kemp
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - C Starling
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - A Konde
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - R Marlow
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - M Cheang
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - P Proszek
- Clinical Genomics, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Hubank
- Clinical Genomics, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Cai
- Guardant Health Inc., Redwood City, USA
| | - J Trendell
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Guy's Hospital Cancer Centre, King's College London, UK
| | - R Lu
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Guy's Hospital Cancer Centre, King's College London, UK
| | - R Liccardo
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Guy's Hospital Cancer Centre, King's College London, UK
| | - N Ravindran
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - O Rodriguez
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Balmana
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - I Roxanis
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - V Serra
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Haider
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - S J Pettitt
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
| | - C J Lord
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
| | - A N J Tutt
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Guy's Hospital Cancer Centre, King's College London, UK; The City of London Cancer Research UK Centre at King's College London, UK.
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87
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Cavanagh RJ, Monteiro PF, Moloney C, Travanut A, Mehradnia F, Taresco V, Rahman R, Martin SG, Grabowska AM, Ashford MB, Alexander C. Free drug and ROS-responsive nanoparticle delivery of synergistic doxorubicin and olaparib combinations to triple negative breast cancer models. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:1822-1840. [PMID: 38407276 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01931d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Combinations of the topoisomerase II inhibitor doxorubicin and the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor olaparib offer potential drug-drug synergy for the treatment of triple negative breast cancers (TNBC). In this study we performed in vitro screening of combinations of these drugs, administered directly or encapsulated within polymer nanoparticles, in both 2D and in 3D spheroid models of breast cancer. A variety of assays were used to evaluate drug potency, and calculations of combination index (CI) values indicated that synergistic effects of drug combinations occurred in a molar-ratio dependent manner. It is suggested that the mechanisms of synergy were related to enhancement of DNA damage as shown by the level of double-strand DNA breaks, and mechanisms of antagonism associated with mitochondrial mediated cell survival, as indicated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Enhanced drug delivery and potency was observed with nanoparticle formulations, with a greater extent of doxorubicin localised to cell nuclei as evidenced by microscopy, and higher cytotoxicity at the same time points compared to free drugs. Together, the work presented identifies specific combinations of doxorubicin and olaparib which were most effective in a panel of TNBC cell lines, explores the mechanisms by which these combined agents might act, and shows that formulation of these drug combinations into polymeric nanoparticles at specific ratios conserves synergistic action and enhanced potency in vitro compared to the free drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrícia F Monteiro
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Cara Moloney
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
- School of Medicine, BioDiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | | | | | - Ruman Rahman
- School of Medicine, BioDiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Stewart G Martin
- School of Medicine, BioDiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Anna M Grabowska
- School of Medicine, BioDiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Marianne B Ashford
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
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88
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Rageul J, Lo N, Phi AL, Patel JA, Park JJ, Kim H. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of TIMELESS limits DNA replication stress and promotes stalled fork protection. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113845. [PMID: 38393943 PMCID: PMC11029348 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation), catalyzed mainly by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)1, is a key posttranslational modification involved in DNA replication and repair. Here, we report that TIMELESS (TIM), an essential scaffold of the replisome, is PARylated, which is linked to its proteolysis. TIM PARylation requires recognition of auto-modified PARP1 via two poly(ADP-ribose)-binding motifs, which primes TIM for proteasome-dependent degradation. Cells expressing the PARylation-refractory TIM mutant or under PARP inhibition accumulate TIM at DNA replication forks, causing replication stress and hyper-resection of stalled forks. Mechanistically, aberrant engagement of TIM with the replicative helicase impedes RAD51 loading and protection of reversed forks. Accordingly, defective TIM degradation hypersensitizes BRCA2-deficient cells to replication damage. Our study defines TIM as a substrate of PARP1 and elucidates how the control of replisome remodeling by PARylation is linked to stalled fork protection. Therefore, we propose a mechanism of PARP inhibition that impinges on the DNA replication fork instability caused by defective TIM turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Rageul
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Natalie Lo
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Amy L Phi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jinal A Patel
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jennifer J Park
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Hyungjin Kim
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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89
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Her J, Zheng H, Bunting SF. RNF4 sustains Myc-driven tumorigenesis by facilitating DNA replication. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e167419. [PMID: 38530355 PMCID: PMC11093604 DOI: 10.1172/jci167419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The mammalian SUMO-targeted E3 ubiquitin ligase Rnf4 has been reported to act as a regulator of DNA repair, but the importance of RNF4 as a tumor suppressor has not been tested. Using a conditional-knockout mouse model, we deleted Rnf4 in the B cell lineage to test the importance of RNF4 for growth of somatic cells. Although Rnf4-conditional-knockout B cells exhibited substantial genomic instability, Rnf4 deletion caused no increase in tumor susceptibility. In contrast, Rnf4 deletion extended the healthy lifespan of mice expressing an oncogenic c-myc transgene. Rnf4 activity is essential for normal DNA replication, and in its absence, there was a failure in ATR-CHK1 signaling of replication stress. Factors that normally mediate replication fork stability, including members of the Fanconi anemia gene family and the helicases PIF1 and RECQL5, showed reduced accumulation at replication forks in the absence of RNF4. RNF4 deficiency also resulted in an accumulation of hyper-SUMOylated proteins in chromatin, including members of the SMC5/6 complex, which contributes to replication failure by a mechanism dependent on RAD51. These findings indicate that RNF4, which shows increased expression in multiple human tumor types, is a potential target for anticancer therapy, especially in tumors expressing c-myc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonyoung Her
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry and
| | - Haiyan Zheng
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Facility, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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90
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Cong K, MacGilvary N, Lee S, MacLeod SG, Calvo J, Peng M, Nedergaard Kousholt A, Day TA, Cantor SB. FANCJ promotes PARP1 activity during DNA replication that is essential in BRCA1 deficient cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2599. [PMID: 38521768 PMCID: PMC10960859 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46824-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) in creating single-stranded DNA gaps and inducing sensitivity requires the FANCJ DNA helicase. Yet, how FANCJ relates to PARP1 inhibition or trapping, which contribute to PARPi toxicity, remains unclear. Here, we find PARPi effectiveness hinges on S-phase PARP1 activity, which is reduced in FANCJ deficient cells as G-quadruplexes sequester PARP1 and MSH2. Additionally, loss of the FANCJ-MLH1 interaction diminishes PARP1 activity; however, depleting MSH2 reinstates PARPi sensitivity and gaps. Indicating sequestered and trapped PARP1 are distinct, FANCJ loss increases PARPi resistance in cells susceptible to PARP1 trapping. However, with BRCA1 deficiency, the loss of FANCJ mirrors PARP1 loss or inhibition, with the detrimental commonality being loss of S-phase PARP1 activity. These insights underline the crucial role of PARP1 activity during DNA replication in BRCA1 deficient cells and emphasize the importance of understanding drug mechanisms for enhancing therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Cong
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Nathan MacGilvary
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Silviana Lee
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Shannon G MacLeod
- Northeastern University Biology Department 360 Huntington Avenue, Mugar Life Science Building, Rm 220, Boston, MA, 02115-5005, USA
| | - Jennifer Calvo
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Min Peng
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Arne Nedergaard Kousholt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tovah A Day
- Northeastern University Biology Department 360 Huntington Avenue, Mugar Life Science Building, Rm 220, Boston, MA, 02115-5005, USA
| | - Sharon B Cantor
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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91
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Nusawardhana A, Pale LM, Nicolae CM, Moldovan GL. USP1-dependent nucleolytic expansion of PRIMPOL-generated nascent DNA strand discontinuities during replication stress. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:2340-2354. [PMID: 38180818 PMCID: PMC10954467 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA replication stress-induced fork arrest represents a significant threat to genomic integrity. One major mechanism of replication restart involves repriming downstream of the arrested fork by PRIMPOL, leaving behind a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) gap. Accumulation of nascent strand ssDNA gaps has emerged as a possible determinant of the cellular hypersensitivity to genotoxic agents in certain genetic backgrounds such as BRCA deficiency, but how gaps are converted into cytotoxic structures is still unclear. Here, we investigate the processing of PRIMPOL-dependent ssDNA gaps upon replication stress induced by hydroxyurea and cisplatin. We show that gaps generated in PRIMPOL-overexpressing cells are expanded in the 3'-5' direction by the MRE11 exonuclease, and in the 5'-3' direction by the EXO1 exonuclease. This bidirectional exonucleolytic gap expansion ultimately promotes their conversion into DSBs. We moreover identify the de-ubiquitinating enzyme USP1 as a critical regulator of PRIMPOL-generated ssDNA gaps. USP1 promotes gap accumulation during S-phase, and their expansion by the MRE11 and EXO1 nucleases. This activity of USP1 is linked to its role in de-ubiquitinating PCNA, suggesting that PCNA ubiquitination prevents gap accumulation during replication. Finally, we show that USP1 depletion suppresses DSB formation in PRIMPOL-overexpressing cells, highlighting an unexpected role for USP1 in promoting genomic instability under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Nusawardhana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Lindsey M Pale
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Claudia M Nicolae
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - George-Lucian Moldovan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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92
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Velagapudi UK, Rouleau-Turcotte É, Billur R, Shao X, Patil M, Black BE, Pascal JM, Talele TT. Novel modifications of PARP inhibitor veliparib increase PARP1 binding to DNA breaks. Biochem J 2024; 481:437-460. [PMID: 38372302 PMCID: PMC11070930 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Catalytic poly(ADP-ribose) production by PARP1 is allosterically activated through interaction with DNA breaks, and PARP inhibitor compounds have the potential to influence PARP1 allostery in addition to preventing catalytic activity. Using the benzimidazole-4-carboxamide pharmacophore present in the first generation PARP1 inhibitor veliparib, a series of 11 derivatives was designed, synthesized, and evaluated as allosteric PARP1 inhibitors, with the premise that bulky substituents would engage the regulatory helical domain (HD) and thereby promote PARP1 retention on DNA breaks. We found that core scaffold modifications could indeed increase PARP1 affinity for DNA; however, the bulk of the modification alone was insufficient to trigger PARP1 allosteric retention on DNA breaks. Rather, compounds eliciting PARP1 retention on DNA breaks were found to be rigidly held in a position that interferes with a specific region of the HD domain, a region that is not targeted by current clinical PARP inhibitors. Collectively, these compounds highlight a unique way to trigger PARP1 retention on DNA breaks and open a path to unveil the pharmacological benefits of such inhibitors with novel properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Kiran Velagapudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, New York 11439, USA
| | - Élise Rouleau-Turcotte
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal H3T 1J4 Canada
| | - Ramya Billur
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6059, USA
| | - Xuwei Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, New York 11439, USA
| | - Manisha Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, New York 11439, USA
| | - Ben E. Black
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6059, USA
| | - John M. Pascal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal H3T 1J4 Canada
| | - Tanaji T. Talele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, New York 11439, USA
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93
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Alruwaili MM, Zonneville J, Naranjo MN, Serio H, Melendy T, Straubinger RM, Gillard B, Foster BA, Rajan P, Attwood K, Chatley S, Iyer R, Fountzilas C, Bakin AV. A synergistic two-drug therapy specifically targets a DNA repair dysregulation that occurs in p53-deficient colorectal and pancreatic cancers. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101434. [PMID: 38387463 PMCID: PMC10982975 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The tumor-suppressor p53 is commonly inactivated in colorectal cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, but existing treatment options for p53-mutant (p53Mut) cancer are largely ineffective. Here, we report a therapeutic strategy for p53Mut tumors based on abnormalities in the DNA repair response. Investigation of DNA repair upon challenge with thymidine analogs reveals a dysregulation in DNA repair response in p53Mut cells that leads to accumulation of DNA breaks. Thymidine analogs do not interrupt DNA synthesis but induce DNA repair that involves a p53-dependent checkpoint. Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARPis) markedly enhance DNA double-strand breaks and cell death induced by thymidine analogs in p53Mut cells, whereas p53 wild-type cells respond with p53-dependent inhibition of the cell cycle. Combinations of trifluorothymidine and PARPi agents demonstrate superior anti-neoplastic activity in p53Mut cancer models. These findings support a two-drug combination strategy to improve outcomes for patients with p53Mut cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Alruwaili
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Science, Northern Border University, Arar City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Justin Zonneville
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Maricris N Naranjo
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Hannah Serio
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Thomas Melendy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Robert M Straubinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Bryan Gillard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Barbara A Foster
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Priyanka Rajan
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Kristopher Attwood
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Sarah Chatley
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Renuka Iyer
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Christos Fountzilas
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Andrei V Bakin
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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94
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Lin X, Gupta D, Vaitsiankova A, Bhandari SK, Leung KSK, Menolfi D, Lee BJ, Russell HR, Gershik S, Gu W, McKinnon PJ, Dantzer F, Rothenberg E, Tomkinson AE, Zha S. Inactive Parp2 causes Tp53-dependent lethal anemia by blocking replication-associated nick ligation in erythroblasts. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.12.584665. [PMID: 38559022 PMCID: PMC10980059 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.12.584665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
PARP1&2 enzymatic inhibitors (PARPi) are promising cancer treatments. But recently, their use has been hindered by unexplained severe anemia and treatment-related leukemia. In addition to enzymatic inhibition, PARPi also trap PARP1&2 at DNA lesions. Here, we report that unlike Parp2 -/- mice, which develop normally, mice expressing catalytically-inactive Parp2 (E534A, Parp2 EA/EA ) succumb to Tp53- and Chk2 -dependent erythropoietic failure in utero , mirroring Lig1 -/- mice. While DNA damage mainly activates PARP1, we demonstrate that DNA replication activates PARP2 robustly. PARP2 is selectively recruited and activated by 5'-phosphorylated nicks (5'p-nicks) between Okazaki fragments, typically resolved by Lig1. Inactive PARP2, but not its active form or absence, impedes Lig1- and Lig3-mediated ligation, causing dose-dependent replication fork collapse, particularly harmful to erythroblasts with ultra-fast forks. This PARylation-dependent structural function of PARP2 at 5'p-nicks explains the detrimental effects of PARP2 inhibition on erythropoiesis, revealing the mechanism behind the PARPi-induced anemia and leukemia, especially those with TP53/CHK2 loss. Significance This work shows that the hematological toxicities associated with PARP inhibitors stem not from impaired PARP1 or PARP2 enzymatic activity but rather from the presence of inactive PARP2 protein. Mechanistically, these toxicities reflect a unique role of PARP2 at 5'-phosphorylated DNA nicks during DNA replication in erythroblasts.
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95
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Palani S, Machida Y, Alvey JR, Mishra V, Welter AL, Cui G, Bragantini B, Botuyan MV, Cong ATQ, Mer G, Schellenberg MJ, Machida YJ. Dimerization-dependent serine protease activity of FAM111A prevents replication fork stalling at topoisomerase 1 cleavage complexes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2064. [PMID: 38453899 PMCID: PMC10920703 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46207-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
FAM111A, a serine protease, plays roles in DNA replication and antiviral defense. Missense mutations in the catalytic domain cause hyper-autocleavage and are associated with genetic disorders with developmental defects. Despite the enzyme's biological significance, the molecular architecture of the FAM111A serine protease domain (SPD) is unknown. Here, we show that FAM111A is a dimerization-dependent protease containing a narrow, recessed active site that cleaves substrates with a chymotrypsin-like specificity. X-ray crystal structures and mutagenesis studies reveal that FAM111A dimerizes via the N-terminal helix within the SPD. This dimerization induces an activation cascade from the dimerization sensor loop to the oxyanion hole through disorder-to-order transitions. Dimerization is essential for proteolytic activity in vitro and for facilitating DNA replication at DNA-protein crosslink obstacles in cells, while it is dispensable for autocleavage. These findings underscore the role of dimerization in FAM111A's function and highlight the distinction in its dimerization dependency between substrate cleavage and autocleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmiya Palani
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yuka Machida
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julia R Alvey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Vandana Mishra
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Allison L Welter
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gaofeng Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Benoît Bragantini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Anh T Q Cong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Georges Mer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Yuichi J Machida
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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96
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Hu J, Zhu BY, Niu ZX. Catalysts of Healing: A Symphony of Synthesis and Clinical Artistry in Small-Molecule Agents for Breast Cancer Alleviation. Molecules 2024; 29:1166. [PMID: 38474678 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, characterized by its molecular intricacy, has witnessed a surge in targeted therapeutics owing to the rise of small-molecule drugs. These entities, derived from cutting-edge synthetic routes, often encompassing multistage reactions and chiral synthesis, target a spectrum of oncogenic pathways. Their mechanisms of action range from modulating hormone receptor signaling and inhibiting kinase activity, to impeding DNA damage repair mechanisms. Clinical applications of these drugs have resulted in enhanced patient survival rates, reduction in disease recurrence, and improved overall therapeutic indices. Notably, certain molecules have showcased efficacy in drug-resistant breast cancer phenotypes, highlighting their potential in addressing treatment challenges. The evolution and approval of small-molecule drugs have ushered in a new era for breast cancer therapeutics. Their tailored synthetic pathways and defined mechanisms of action have augmented the precision and efficacy of treatment regimens, paving the way for improved patient outcomes in the face of this pervasive malignancy. The present review embarks on a detailed exploration of small-molecule drugs that have secured regulatory approval for breast cancer treatment, emphasizing their clinical applications, synthetic pathways, and distinct mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Bi-Yue Zhu
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400015, China
| | - Zhen-Xi Niu
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China
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97
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Freyer G, Floquet A, Tredan O, Carrot A, Langlois-Jacques C, Lopez J, Selle F, Abdeddaim C, Leary A, Dubot-Poitelon C, Fabbro M, Gladieff L, Lamuraglia M. Bevacizumab, olaparib, and durvalumab in patients with relapsed ovarian cancer: a phase II clinical trial from the GINECO group. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1985. [PMID: 38443333 PMCID: PMC10914754 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45974-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Most patients with advanced ovarian cancer (AOC) ultimately relapse after platinum-based chemotherapy. Combining bevacizumab, olaparib, and durvalumab likely drives synergistic activity. This open-label phase 2 study (NCT04015739) aimed to assess activity and safety of this triple combination in female patients with relapsed high-grade AOC following prior platinum-based therapy. Patients were treated with olaparib (300 mg orally, twice daily), the bevacizumab biosimilar FKB238 (15 mg/kg intravenously, once-every-3-weeks), and durvalumab (1.12 g intravenously, once-every-3-weeks) in nine French centers. The primary endpoint was the non-progression rate at 3 months for platinum-resistant relapse or 6 months for platinum-sensitive relapse per RECIST 1.1 and irRECIST. Secondary endpoints were CA-125 decline with CA-125 ELIMination rate constant K (KELIM-B) per CA-125 longitudinal kinetics over 100 days, progression free survival and overall survival, tumor response, and safety. Non-progression rates were 69.8% (90%CI 55.9%-80.0%) at 3 months for platinum-resistant relapse patients (N = 41), meeting the prespecified endpoint, and 43.8% (90%CI 29.0%-57.4%) at 6 months for platinum-sensitive relapse (N = 33), not meeting the prespecified endpoint. Median progression-free survival was 4.1 months (95%CI 3.5-5.9) and 4.9 months (95%CI 2.9-7.0) respectively. Favorable KELIM-B was associated with better survival. No toxic deaths or major safety signals were observed. Here we show that further investigation of this triple combination may be considered in AOC patients with platinum-resistant relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Freyer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.
- GINECO (Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers de l'Ovaire, Paris, France.
- Institut de Cancérologie des HCL, Lyon, France.
| | - Anne Floquet
- GINECO (Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers de l'Ovaire, Paris, France
- Department of Medical Oncology - Gynecological Tumors, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Olivier Tredan
- GINECO (Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers de l'Ovaire, Paris, France
- Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Aurore Carrot
- GINECO (Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers de l'Ovaire, Paris, France
- EMR 3738, UFR Lyon-Sud, Université Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Carole Langlois-Jacques
- GINECO (Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers de l'Ovaire, Paris, France
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jonathan Lopez
- GINECO (Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers de l'Ovaire, Paris, France
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Selle
- GINECO (Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers de l'Ovaire, Paris, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Groupe Hospitalier Diaconesses Croix Saint-Simon, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Abdeddaim
- GINECO (Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers de l'Ovaire, Paris, France
- Gynecologic Oncology Department, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France
| | - Alexandra Leary
- GINECO (Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers de l'Ovaire, Paris, France
- Oncology Department, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Coraline Dubot-Poitelon
- GINECO (Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers de l'Ovaire, Paris, France
- Medical Oncology, Institut Curie Saint Cloud, Paris, France
| | - Michel Fabbro
- GINECO (Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers de l'Ovaire, Paris, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurence Gladieff
- GINECO (Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers de l'Ovaire, Paris, France
- Medical Oncology, Institut Claudius Regaud IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Michele Lamuraglia
- GINECO (Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers de l'Ovaire, Paris, France
- Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie du CHUSE, Saint-Etienne, France
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98
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Bastos IM, Rebelo S, Silva VLM. A review of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP1) role and its inhibitors bearing pyrazole or indazole core for cancer therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 221:116045. [PMID: 38336156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a disease with a high mortality rate characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal cells. The hallmarks of cancer evidence the acquired cells characteristics that promote the growth of malignant tumours, including genomic instability and mutations, the ability to evade cellular death and the capacity of sustaining proliferative signalization. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) is a protein that plays key roles in cellular regulation, namely in DNA damage repair and cell survival. The inhibition of PARP1 promotes cellular death in cells with homologous recombination deficiency, and therefore, the interest in PARP protein has been rising as a target for anticancer therapies. There are already some PARP1 inhibitors approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA), such as Olaparib and Niraparib. The last compound presents in its structure an indazole core. In fact, pyrazoles and indazoles have been raising interest due to their various medicinal properties, namely, anticancer activity. Derivatives of these compounds have been studied as inhibitors of PARP1 and presented promising results. Therefore, this review aims to address the importance of PARP1 in cell regulation and its role in cancer. Moreover, it intends to report a comprehensive literature review of PARP1 inhibitors, containing the pyrazole and indazole scaffolds, published in the last fifteen years, focusing on structure-activity relationship aspects, thus providing important insights for the design of novel and more effective PARP1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês M Bastos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sandra Rebelo
- Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vera L M Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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99
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Anbil S, Reiss KA. Targeting BRCA and PALB2 in Pancreatic Cancer. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2024; 25:346-363. [PMID: 38311708 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-023-01174-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT An important subgroup of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) harbor pathogenic variants in BRCA1, BRCA2, or PALB2. These tumors are exquisitely sensitive to platinum-based chemotherapy and patients may experience deep and durable responses to this treatment. PARP inhibitors offer potential respite from the cumulative toxicities of chemotherapy as they significantly extend progression-free survival compared to a chemotherapy holiday. Given the lack of proven survival benefit, the decision to use a maintenance PARP inhibitor rather than continue chemotherapy should be individualized. Interestingly, in both published clinical trials of maintenance PARP inhibitors, there is a striking range of interpatient benefit: Even in the platinum-sensitive setting, roughly 25% of tumors appear to be PARP inhibitor refractory (progressive disease within 2 months of starting treatment), 50% sustain moderate benefit (up to 2 years), and 25% are hyper-responsive (more than 2 years of benefit). This finding highlights the need to refine our understanding of which patients will respond to maintenance PARP inhibitors, both by being able to identify biallelic loss and by deepening our knowledge of resistance mechanisms and who develops them. Recent data supports that reversion mutations are common in PARP inhibitor refractory patients, but we have little understanding of the mechanisms that drive delayed resistance and long-term responses. Identifying which patients are more prone to certain mechanisms of resistance and tackling them with specific treatment strategies are areas of active investigation. Additionally, given that PARP inhibitors have limited overall efficacy for most patients, upfront combination strategies are an important future strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Anbil
- Abramson Cancer Center, 10th Floor Perelman Center South, The University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19121, USA
| | - Kim A Reiss
- Abramson Cancer Center, 10th Floor Perelman Center South, The University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19121, USA.
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100
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Agarwal N, Saad F, Azad AA, Mateo J, Matsubara N, Shore ND, Chakrabarti J, Chen HC, Lanzalone S, Niyazov A, Fizazi K. TALAPRO-3 clinical trial protocol: phase III study of talazoparib plus enzalutamide in metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer. Future Oncol 2024; 20:493-505. [PMID: 37882449 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2023-0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors in combination with androgen-receptor signaling inhibitors are a promising therapeutic option for patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) and homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene alterations. Here, we describe the design and rationale of the multinational, phase III, TALAPRO-3 study comparing talazoparib plus enzalutamide versus placebo plus enzalutamide in patients with mCSPC and HRR gene alterations. The primary end point is investigator-assessed radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) per RECIST 1.1 in soft tissue, or per PCWG3 criteria in bone. The TALAPRO-3 study will demonstrate whether the addition of talazoparib can improve the efficacy of enzalutamide as assessed by rPFS in patients with mCSPC and HRR gene alterations undergoing androgen deprivation therapy. Clinical Trial Registration:NCT04821622 (ClinicalTrials.gov) Registry Name: Study of Talazoparib With Enzalutamide in Men With DDR Gene Mutated mCSPC. Date of Registration: 29 March 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Agarwal
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Fred Saad
- University of Montréal Hospital Center, Montréal, Québec, H2L 4M1, Canada
| | - Arun A Azad
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Joaquin Mateo
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Neal D Shore
- Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach, SC 29572, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Karim Fizazi
- Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, 94800, France
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