51
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Uras IS, Korinek M, Albohy A, Abdulrazik BS, Lin W, Ebada SS, Konuklugil B. Anti-Inflammatory, Antiallergic and COVID-19 Main Protease (M pro) Inhibitory Activities of Butenolides from a Marine-Derived Fungus Aspergillus costaricaensis. ChemistrySelect 2022; 7:e202200130. [PMID: 35599958 PMCID: PMC9111082 DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Amid the current COVID-19 pandemic, the emergence of several variants in a relatively high mutation rate (twice per month) strengthened the importance of finding out a chemical entity that can be potential for developing an effective medicine. In this study, we explored ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract of a marine-derived fungus Aspergillus cosatricaensis afforded three butenolide derivatives, butyrolactones I, VI and V (1-3), two naphtho-γ-pyrones, TMC-256 A1 (4) and rubrofusarin B (5) and methyl p-hydroxyphenyl acetate (6). Structure identification was unambiguously determined based on exhaustive spectral analyses including 1D/2D NMR and mass spectrometry. The isolated compounds (1-6) were assessed for their in vitro anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, elastase inhibitory activities and in silico SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro). Results exhibited that only butenolides (1 and 2) revealed potent activities similar to or more than reference drugs unlike butyrolactone V (3) suggesting them as plausible chemical entities for developing lead molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim S. Uras
- Department of PharmacognosyFaculty of PharmacyAnkara UniversityAnkara06560
- Department of PharmacognosyFaculty of PharmacyAgri Ibrahim Cecen UniversityAgri04100Turkey
| | - Michal Korinek
- Graduate Institute of Natural ProductsCollege of PharmacyKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung80708Taiwan.
| | - Amgad Albohy
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryFaculty of PharmacyThe British University in Egypt (BUE)Suez Desert RoadCairo11837Egypt.
- The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD)Faculty of Pharmacythe British University in EgyptCairo11837Egypt.
| | - Basma S. Abdulrazik
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryFaculty of PharmacyThe British University in Egypt (BUE)Suez Desert RoadCairo11837Egypt.
- The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD)Faculty of Pharmacythe British University in EgyptCairo11837Egypt.
| | - Wenhan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsPeking UniversityBeijing100083China
| | - Sherif S. Ebada
- Department of PharmacognosyFaculty of PharmacyAin Shams University, AbbasiaCairo11566
| | - Belma Konuklugil
- Department of PharmacognosyFaculty of PharmacyAnkara UniversityAnkara06560
- Department of PharmacognosyFaculty of PharmacyLokman Hekim UniversityÇAnkaya06510
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52
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Mou K, Chan SMH, Brassington K, Dobric A, De Luca SN, Seow HJ, Selemidis S, Bozinovski S, Vlahos R. Influenza A Virus-Driven Airway Inflammation may be Dissociated From Limb Muscle Atrophy in Cigarette Smoke-Exposed Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:859146. [PMID: 35370652 PMCID: PMC8971713 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.859146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Limb muscle dysfunction is a hallmark of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) which is further worsened following a viral-induced acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD). An amplified airway inflammation underlies the aggravated respiratory symptoms seen during AECOPD, however, its contributory role to limb muscle dysfunction is unclear. The present study examined the impact of influenza A virus (IAV)-induced exacerbation on hind limb muscle parameters. Airway inflammation was established in male BALB/c mice by exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) for 8 weeks. Exacerbation was then induced via inoculation with IAV, and various lung and muscle parameters were assessed on day 3 (peak of airway inflammation) and day 10 (resolution phase) post-infection. IAV infection exacerbated CS-induced airway inflammation as evidenced by further increases in immune cell counts within bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Despite no significant impact on muscle mass, IAV exacerbation worsened the force-generating capacity of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle. Protein oxidation and myogenic disruption was observed in the TA following CS exposure, however, IAV exacerbation did not augment these detrimental processes. To further explore the contributory role of airway inflammation on myogenic signaling, cultured myotubes were exposed to conditioned medium (CM) derived from bronchial epithelial cells stimulated with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid and cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Despite an amplified inflammatory response in the lung epithelial cells, the CM derived from these cells did not potentiate myogenic disruption in the C2C12 myotubes. In conclusion, our data suggest that certain parameters of limb muscle dysfunction seen during viral-induced AECOPD may be independent of airway inflammation.
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Eriksson Ström J, Kebede Merid S, Pourazar J, Blomberg A, Lindberg A, Ringh MV, Hagemann-Jensen M, Ekström TJ, Behndig AF, Melén E. COPD is Associated with Epigenome-wide Differential Methylation in BAL Lung Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 66:638-647. [PMID: 35286818 PMCID: PMC9163645 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0403oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation patterns in chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (COPD) might offer new insights into disease pathogenesis. To assess methylation profiles in the main COPD target organ, we performed an epigenome-wide association study on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells. Bronchoscopies were performed in 18 COPD subjects and 15 controls (ex- and current smokers). DNA methylation was measured with Illumina MethylationEPIC BeadChip covering >850,000 CpGs. Differentially methylated positions (DMPs) were examined for 1) enrichment in pathways and functional gene relationships using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology; 2) accelerated aging using Horvath's epigenetic clock; 3) correlation with gene expression; and 4) co-localization with genetic variation. We found 1,155 Bonferroni significant (P < 6.74 × 10-8) DMPs associated with COPD, many with large effect sizes. Functional analysis identified biologically plausible pathways and gene relationships, including enrichment for transcription factor activity. Strong correlation was found between COPD and chronological age, but not with accelerated epigenetic aging. For 79 unique DMPs, DNA methylation correlated significantly with gene expression in BAL cells. Thirty-nine percent of DMPs were co-localized with COPD-associated SNPs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first EWAS of COPD on BAL cells, and our analyses revealed many differential methylation sites. Integration with mRNA data showed a strong functional readout for relevant genes, identifying sites where DNA methylation might directly impact expression. Almost half of DMPs were co-located with SNPs identified in previous GWAS of COPD, suggesting joint genetic and epigenetic pathways related to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Eriksson Ström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine/Respiratory Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Simon Kebede Merid
- Karolinska Institutet, 27106, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jamshid Pourazar
- Umeå Universitet Medicinska fakulteten, 59588, Dept. of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Blomberg
- Umea University, 8075, Dept. of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea, Sweden
| | - Anne Lindberg
- Umeå Universitet, 8075, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine, Umea, Sweden
| | - Mikael V Ringh
- Karolinska Institutet, 27106, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Tomas J Ekström
- Karolinska Institutet, 27106, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annelie F Behndig
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine/Respiratory Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Erik Melén
- Karolinska Institutet Department of Clinical Science and Education Sodersjukhuset, 411435, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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54
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Tiew PY, Mac Aogáin M, Chotirmall SH. The current understanding and future directions for sputum microbiome profiling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2022; 28:121-133. [PMID: 34839338 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000000850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has deepened our understanding of the respiratory microbiome in health and disease. The number of microbiome studies employing sputum as an airway surrogate has continued to increase over the past decade to include multiple large multicentre and longitudinal studies of the microbiome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this review, we summarize the recent advances to our understanding of the bacteriome, virome and mycobiome in COPD. RECENT FINDINGS Diverse microbiome profiles are reported in COPD. The neutrophilic Haemophilus-predominant bacteriome remains a prominent COPD phenotype, relatively stable over time and during exacerbations. Studies of the virome remain limited but reveal a potential involvement of viruses and bacteriophages particularly during COPD exacerbations and advancing disease severity. Mycobiome signatures, even in stable COPD are associated with poorer clinical outcomes including mortality. SUMMARY The sputum microbiome in COPD is being increasingly recognized for its clinical relevance, even in the stable state. Future studies integrating microbial kingdoms holistically (i.e. bacterial, viral and fungal) will provide deeper insight into its functionality including the relevance of microbial interactions and effect of treatment on microbiome-associated clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yee Tiew
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Micheál Mac Aogáin
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, St. James's Hospital
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sanjay H Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex, heterogeneous, smoking-related disease of significant global impact. The complex biology of COPD is ultimately driven by a few interrelated processes, including proteolytic tissue remodeling, innate immune inflammation, derangements of the host-pathogen response, aberrant cellular phenotype switching, and cellular senescence, among others. Each of these processes are engendered and perpetuated by cells modulating their environment or each other. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are powerful effectors that allow cells to perform a diverse array of functions on both adjacent and distant tissues, and their pleiotropic nature is only beginning to be appreciated. As such, EVs are candidates to play major roles in these fundamental mechanisms of disease behind COPD. Furthermore, some such roles for EVs are already established, and EVs are implicated in significant aspects of COPD pathogenesis. Here, we discuss known and potential ways that EVs modulate the environment of their originating cells to contribute to the processes that underlie COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek W Russell
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA;
- Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kristopher R Genschmer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA;
| | - J Edwin Blalock
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA;
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56
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Herrero-Cervera A, Soehnlein O, Kenne E. Neutrophils in chronic inflammatory diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:177-191. [PMID: 35039631 PMCID: PMC8803838 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00832-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a component of many disease conditions that affect a large group of individuals worldwide. Chronic inflammation is characterized by persistent, low-grade inflammation and is increased in the aging population. Neutrophils are normally the first responders to acute inflammation and contribute to the resolution of inflammation. However, in chronic inflammation, the role of neutrophils is less well understood and has been described as either beneficial or detrimental, causing tissue damage and enhancing the immune response. Emerging evidence suggests that neutrophils are important players in several chronic diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and autoimmune disorders. This review will highlight the interaction of neutrophils with other cells in the context of chronic inflammation, the contribution of neutrophils to selected chronic inflammatory diseases, and possible future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Herrero-Cervera
- Institute for Experimental Pathology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Experimental Pathology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ellinor Kenne
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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57
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Margaroli C, Madison MC, Viera L, Russell DW, Gaggar A, Genschmer KR, Blalock JE. A novel in vivo model for extracellular vesicle-induced emphysema. JCI Insight 2022; 7:153560. [PMID: 35077395 PMCID: PMC8876451 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a debilitating chronic disease and the third-leading cause of mortality worldwide. It is characterized by airway neutrophilia, promoting tissue injury through release of toxic mediators and proteases. Recently, it has been shown that neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) from lungs of patients with COPD can cause a neutrophil elastase–dependent (NE-dependent) COPD-like disease upon transfer to mouse airways. However, in vivo preclinical models elucidating the impact of EVs on disease are lacking, delaying opportunities for therapeutic testing. Here, we developed an in vivo preclinical mouse model of lung EV–induced COPD. EVs from in vivo LPS-activated mouse neutrophils induced COPD-like disease in naive recipients through an α-1 antitrypsin–resistant, NE-dependent mechanism. Together, these results show a key pathogenic and mechanistic role for neutrophil-derived EVs in a mouse model of COPD. Broadly, the in vivo model described herein could be leveraged to develop targeted therapies for severe lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Margaroli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, and
| | - Matthew C. Madison
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, and
| | - Liliana Viera
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Derek W. Russell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, and
| | - Amit Gaggar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, and
- Lung Health Center and Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kristopher R. Genschmer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, and
| | - J. Edwin Blalock
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine
- Lung Health Center and Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Giordano L, Gregory AD, Pérez Verdaguer M, Ware SA, Harvey H, DeVallance E, Brzoska T, Sundd P, Zhang Y, Sciurba FC, Shapiro SD, Kaufman BA. Extracellular Release of Mitochondrial DNA: Triggered by Cigarette Smoke and Detected in COPD. Cells 2022; 11:369. [PMID: 35159179 PMCID: PMC8834490 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is the most common risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The present study aimed to elucidate whether mtDNA is released upon CS exposure and is detected in the plasma of former smokers affected by COPD as a possible consequence of airway damage. We measured cell-free mtDNA (cf-mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (cf-nDNA) in COPD patient plasma and mouse serum with CS-induced emphysema. The plasma of patients with COPD and serum of mice with CS-induced emphysema showed increased cf-mtDNA levels. In cell culture, exposure to a sublethal dose of CSE decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, increased oxidative stress, dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics, and triggered mtDNA release in extracellular vesicles (EVs). Mitochondrial DNA release into EVs occurred concomitantly with increased expression of markers that associate with DNA damage responses, including DNase III, DNA-sensing receptors (cGAS and NLRP3), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, and CXCL2), and markers of senescence (p16 and p21); the majority of the responses are also triggered by cytosolic DNA delivery in vitro. Exposure to a lethal CSE dose preferentially induced mtDNA and nDNA release in the cell debris. Collectively, the results of this study associate markers of mitochondrial stress, inflammation, and senescence with mtDNA release induced by CSE exposure. Because high cf-mtDNA is detected in the plasma of COPD patients and serum of mice with emphysema, our findings support the future study of cf-mtDNA as a marker of mitochondrial stress in response to CS exposure and COPD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Giordano
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (S.A.W.); (H.H.)
- Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (E.D.); (T.B.); (P.S.)
| | - Alyssa D. Gregory
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (A.D.G.); (Y.Z.); (F.C.S.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Mireia Pérez Verdaguer
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;
| | - Sarah A. Ware
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (S.A.W.); (H.H.)
| | - Hayley Harvey
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (S.A.W.); (H.H.)
| | - Evan DeVallance
- Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (E.D.); (T.B.); (P.S.)
| | - Tomasz Brzoska
- Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (E.D.); (T.B.); (P.S.)
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Prithu Sundd
- Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (E.D.); (T.B.); (P.S.)
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (A.D.G.); (Y.Z.); (F.C.S.); (S.D.S.)
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (A.D.G.); (Y.Z.); (F.C.S.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Frank C. Sciurba
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (A.D.G.); (Y.Z.); (F.C.S.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Steven D. Shapiro
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (A.D.G.); (Y.Z.); (F.C.S.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Brett A. Kaufman
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (S.A.W.); (H.H.)
- Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (E.D.); (T.B.); (P.S.)
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Zeng S, Arjomandi M, Tong Y, Liao ZC, Luo G. Developing a Machine Learning Model to Predict Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations: Retrospective Cohort Study. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e28953. [PMID: 34989686 PMCID: PMC8778560 DOI: 10.2196/28953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) poses a large burden on health care. Severe COPD exacerbations require emergency department visits or inpatient stays, often cause an irreversible decline in lung function and health status, and account for 90.3% of the total medical cost related to COPD. Many severe COPD exacerbations are deemed preventable with appropriate outpatient care. Current models for predicting severe COPD exacerbations lack accuracy, making it difficult to effectively target patients at high risk for preventive care management to reduce severe COPD exacerbations and improve outcomes. Objective The aim of this study is to develop a more accurate model to predict severe COPD exacerbations. Methods We examined all patients with COPD who visited the University of Washington Medicine facilities between 2011 and 2019 and identified 278 candidate features. By performing secondary analysis on 43,576 University of Washington Medicine data instances from 2011 to 2019, we created a machine learning model to predict severe COPD exacerbations in the next year for patients with COPD. Results The final model had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.866. When using the top 9.99% (752/7529) of the patients with the largest predicted risk to set the cutoff threshold for binary classification, the model gained an accuracy of 90.33% (6801/7529), a sensitivity of 56.6% (103/182), and a specificity of 91.17% (6698/7347). Conclusions Our model provided a more accurate prediction of severe COPD exacerbations in the next year compared with prior published models. After further improvement of its performance measures (eg, by adding features extracted from clinical notes), our model could be used in a decision support tool to guide the identification of patients with COPD and at high risk for care management to improve outcomes. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/13783
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Zeng
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Mehrdad Arjomandi
- Medical Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Yao Tong
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Zachary C Liao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Gang Luo
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Suzuki S, Asai K, Gi M, Kojima K, Kakehashi A, Oishi Y, Matsue T, Yukimatsu N, Hirata K, Kawaguchi T, Wanibuchi H. Response biomarkers of inhalation exposure to cigarette smoke in the mouse lung. J Toxicol Pathol 2022; 35:247-254. [PMID: 35832896 PMCID: PMC9256000 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2021-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is known to increase the risk of cancer and chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD). In this study, we evaluated the effects of short-term nose-only
inhalation exposure to cigarette smoke in mice. Male 10-week-old C57BL mice were exposed
to clean air (control) or mainstream cigarette smoke for 1 h/day, 5 days/week, for 2 or 4
weeks. Exposure to cigarette smoke increased the number of inflammatory cells, especially
neutrophils, in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, increased inflammatory cell infiltration
foci, and caused an increase in the thickness of the peripheral bronchial epithelium.
Microarray gene expression analysis indicated that smoke exposure induced inflammatory
responses, including leukocyte migration and activation of phagocytes and myeloid cells,
as early as two weeks after the initiation of exposure. Importantly, chemokine (C-C motif)
ligand 17, resistin-like alpha, and lipocalin 2 were upregulated and may serve as useful
markers of the toxic effects of exposure to cigarette smoke before pulmonary histological
changes become evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugo Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Asai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Min Gi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kojima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Anna Kakehashi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yuji Oishi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Taisuke Matsue
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Nao Yukimatsu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuto Hirata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kawaguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Hideki Wanibuchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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Blanter M, Cockx M, Wittebols L, Abouelasrar Salama S, De Bondt M, Berghmans N, Pörtner N, Vanbrabant L, Lorent N, Gouwy M, Boon M, Struyf S. Sputum from patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia contains high numbers of dysfunctional neutrophils and inhibits efferocytosis. Respir Res 2022; 23:359. [PMID: 36528664 PMCID: PMC9758951 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02280-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetic disorder characterized by recurrent airway infection and inflammation. There is no cure for PCD and to date there are no specific treatments available. Neutrophils are a crucial part of the immune system and are known to be dysfunctional in many inflammatory diseases. So far, the role of the neutrophils in PCD airways is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the phenotype and function of airway neutrophils in PCD, and compare them to blood neutrophils. METHODS Paired peripheral blood and spontaneously expectorated sputum samples from patients with PCD (n = 32) and a control group of patients with non-PCD, non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (n = 5) were collected. The expression of neutrophil-specific surface receptors was determined by flow cytometry. Neutrophil function was assessed by measuring the extent of actin polymerization, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in response to activating stimuli. RESULTS Sputum neutrophils displayed a highly activated phenotype and were unresponsive to stimuli that would normally induce ROS production, actin polymerization and the expulsion of NETs. In addition, PCD sputum displayed high activity of neutrophil elastase, and impaired the efferocytosis by healthy donor macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Sputum neutrophils in PCD are dysfunctional and likely contribute to ongoing inflammation in PCD airways. Further research should focus on anti-inflammatory therapies and stimulation of efferocytosis as a strategy to treat PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marfa Blanter
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maaike Cockx
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesel Wittebols
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Abouelasrar Salama
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mirre De Bondt
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nele Berghmans
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Noëmie Pörtner
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lotte Vanbrabant
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Natalie Lorent
- grid.410569.f0000 0004 0626 3338Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Department of Pneumology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Gouwy
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Boon
- grid.410569.f0000 0004 0626 3338Pediatric Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Struyf
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Lee NK, Kim SN, Park CG. Immune cell targeting nanoparticles: a review. Biomater Res 2021; 25:44. [PMID: 34930494 PMCID: PMC8690904 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-021-00246-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cells are attractive targets for therapy as they are direct participants in a variety of diseases. Delivering a therapeutic agent only to cells that act on a disease by distinguishing them from other cells has the advantage of concentrating the therapeutic effect and lowering systemic side effects. Distinguishing each immune cell from other immune cells to deliver substances, including drugs and genes, can be achieved using nanotechnology. And also nanoparticles can ensure in vivo stability and sustained drug release. In addition, there is an ease of surface modification, which is an important characteristic that can be utilized in targeted drug delivery systems. This characteristic allows us to utilize various properties that are specifically expressed in each immune cell. A number of studies have delivered various substances specifically to immune cells through surface engineering with active target ligands that can target each immune cell and enzyme-responsive coating, and demonstrated high therapeutic effects compared to conventional treatments. Progress in research on target delivery has been suggested to be a breakthrough for the treatments of various diseases, including cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Kyeong Lee
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Na Kim
- Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Gwon Park
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea.
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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63
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Kyriakopoulos C, Chronis C, Papapetrou E, Tatsioni A, Gartzonika K, Tsaousi C, Gogali A, Katsanos C, Vaggeli A, Tselepi C, Daskalopoulos G, Konstantopoulos S, Kostikas K, Konstantinidis A. Prothrombotic state in patients with stable COPD: an observational study. ERJ Open Res 2021; 7:00297-2021. [PMID: 34729369 PMCID: PMC8558471 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00297-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COPD patients have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and venous thromboembolism. Methods This study aimed to investigate whether patients with stable COPD have a prothrombotic state compared to COPD-free smokers. We conducted an observational study comparing levels of: D-dimers, INR, aPTT, coagulation factors; fibrinogen, FII, FV, FVII, FVIII, FIX, FX and coagulation inhibitors; protein S, proteins C and antithrombin between stable COPD patients and control subjects. Results A total of 103 COPD patients and 42 controls with similar age, sex, current smoking status, comorbidity burden and cardiovascular risk met the inclusion criteria. Compared to controls, COPD patients had higher levels of D-dimers (median (interquartile range): 360 (230–600) ng·mL−1versus 240 (180–400) ng·mL−1, p=0.001), fibrinogen (mean±sd: 399±82 mg·dL−1versus 346±65 mg·dL−1, p<0.001), FII (122±22% versus 109±19%, p=0.004), FV (131±25% versus 121±19%, p=0.015), FVIII (143±32% versus 122±20%, p<0.001) and FX (111 (94–134)% versus 98 (88–107)%, p=0.002), and lower levels of protein S (95 (85–105)% versus 116 (98–121)%, p<0.001) and antithrombin (94.4±11.5% versus 102.3±13.2%, p=0.001). In the COPD group, patients with more severe airflow limitation and frequent exacerbations had significantly higher levels of FII, FV and FX, whereas patients with higher COPD assessment test score had significantly higher levels of FX and lower levels of protein S. Conclusion Patients with stable COPD exhibited increased levels of key coagulation factors and decreased levels of coagulation inhibitors, namely protein S and antithrombin, compared to COPD-free smokers. Among COPD patients, increased levels of FII, FV and FX and decreased levels of protein S were found in patients with more severe disease. Patients with stable COPD exhibit increased levels of key coagulation factors and decreased levels of coagulation inhibitors, namely protein S and antithrombin, compared to COPD-free smokers, indicating a prothrombotic state in stable COPDhttps://bit.ly/2VmR1PP
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christos Chronis
- Respiratory Medicine Dept, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Athina Tatsioni
- Research Unit for General Medicine and Primary Health Care, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Christina Tsaousi
- University Hospital of Ioannina, Hematology Laboratory, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Athena Gogali
- Respiratory Medicine Dept, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Christos Katsanos
- Respiratory Medicine Dept, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Vaggeli
- Respiratory Medicine Dept, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Charikleia Tselepi
- Respiratory Medicine Dept, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Aloufi N, Alluli A, Eidelman DH, Baglole CJ. Aberrant Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Protein Expression in the Development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111963. [PMID: 34769392 PMCID: PMC8584689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an incurable and prevalent respiratory disorder that is characterized by chronic inflammation and emphysema. COPD is primarily caused by cigarette smoke (CS). CS alters numerous cellular processes, including the post-transcriptional regulation of mRNAs. The identification of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as main factors engaged in the regulation of RNA biology opens the door to understanding their role in coordinating physiological cellular processes. Dysregulation of post-transcriptional regulation by foreign particles in CS may lead to the development of diseases such as COPD. Here we review current knowledge about post-transcriptional events that may be involved in the pathogenesis of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noof Aloufi
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; (N.A.); (A.A.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Applied Medical Science, Taibah University, Universities Road, Medina P.O. Box 344, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aeshah Alluli
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; (N.A.); (A.A.)
| | - David H. Eidelman
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
| | - Carolyn J. Baglole
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; (N.A.); (A.A.)
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Ulu A, Burr A, Heires AJ, Pavlik J, Larsen T, Perez PA, Bravo C, DiPatrizio NV, Baack M, Romberger DJ, Nordgren TM. A high docosahexaenoic acid diet alters lung inflammation and recovery following repetitive exposure to aqueous organic dust extracts. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 97:108797. [PMID: 34126202 PMCID: PMC8725620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural workers, especially those who work in swine confinement facilities, are at increased risk for developing pulmonary diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic bronchitis due to exposures to fumes, vapors, and organic dust. Repetitive exposure to agricultural dust leads to unresolved inflammation, a common underlying mechanism that worsens lung disease. Besides occupational exposure to dusts, diet also significantly contributes to inflammation and disease progression. Since DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), a polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid and its bioactive metabolites have key roles in inflammation resolution, we rationalized that individuals chronically exposed to organic dusts can benefit from dietary modifications. Here, we evaluated the role of DHA in modifying airway inflammation in a murine model of repetitive exposure to an aqueous extract of agricultural dust (three-week exposure to swine confinement dust extract, HDE) and after a one-week resolution/recovery period. We found that mice fed a high DHA diet had significantly increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of DHA-derived resolvins and lower TNFα along with altered plasma levels of endocannabinoids and related lipid mediators. Following the one-week recovery we identified significantly reduced BALF cellularity and cytokine/chemokine release along with increased BALF amphiregulin and resolvins in DHA diet-fed versus control diet-fed mice challenged with HDE. We further report observations on the effects of repetitive HDE exposure on lung Ym1+ and Arg-1+ macrophages. Overall, our findings support a protective role for DHA and identify DHA-derived resolvins and endocannabinoids among the potential mediators of DHA in altering airway inflammation in chronic agricultural dust exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Ulu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Abigail Burr
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Art J Heires
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jacqueline Pavlik
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Tricia Larsen
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Pedro A Perez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Carissa Bravo
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Nicholas V DiPatrizio
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Michelle Baack
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA; Division of Neonatology, University of South Dakota-Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Debra J Romberger
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Healthcare System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA; Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Tara M Nordgren
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA; Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
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Polosukhin VV, Gutor SS, Du RH, Richmond BW, Massion PP, Wu P, Cates JM, Sandler KL, Rennard SI, Blackwell TS. Small airway determinants of airflow limitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2021; 76:1079-1088. [PMID: 33827979 PMCID: PMC8526883 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-216037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a variety of pathological changes have been described in small airways of patients with COPD, the critical anatomic features determining airflow limitation remain incompletely characterised. METHODS We examined lung tissue specimens from 18 non-smokers without chronic lung disease and 55 former smokers with COPD for pathological features of small airways that could contribute to airflow limitation. Morphometric evaluation was performed for epithelial and subepithelial tissue thickness, collagen and elastin content, luminal mucus and radial alveolar attachments. Immune/inflammatory cells were enumerated in airway walls. Quantitative emphysema scoring was performed on chest CT scans. RESULTS Small airways from patients with COPD showed thickening of epithelial and subepithelial tissue, mucus plugging and reduced collagen density in the airway wall (in severe COPD). In patients with COPD, we also observed a striking loss of alveolar attachments, which are connective tissue septa that insert radially into the small airway adventitia. While each of these parameters correlated with reduced airflow (FEV1), multivariable regression analysis indicated that loss of alveolar attachments was the major determinant of airflow limitation related to small airways. Neutrophilic infiltration of airway walls and collagen degradation in airway adventitia correlated with loss of alveolar attachments. In addition, quantitative analysis of CT scans identified an association between the extent of emphysema and loss of alveolar attachments. CONCLUSION In COPD, loss of radial alveolar attachments in small airways is the pathological feature most closely related to airflow limitation. Destruction of alveolar attachments may be mediated by neutrophilic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergey S Gutor
- Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rui-Hong Du
- Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bradley W Richmond
- Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Pierre P Massion
- Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Pingsheng Wu
- Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Justin M Cates
- Pathology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kim L Sandler
- Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stephen I Rennard
- Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Keir HR, Chalmers JD. IL-6 trans-signalling: how Haemophilus surfs the NET to amplify inflammation in COPD. Eur Respir J 2021; 58:58/4/2102143. [PMID: 34649972 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02143-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Holly R Keir
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - James D Chalmers
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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68
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Chen XY, Chen YY, Lin W, Chen CH, Wen YC, Hsiao TC, Chou HC, Chung KF, Chuang HC. Therapeutic Potential of Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Recovering From Murine Pulmonary Emphysema Under Cigarette Smoke Exposure. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:713824. [PMID: 34646841 PMCID: PMC8502916 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.713824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) were shown to have potential for immunoregulation and tissue repair. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of hUC-MSCs on emphysema in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The C57BL/6JNarl mice were exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) for 4 months followed by administration of hUC-MSCs at 3 × 106 (low dose), 1 × 107 (medium dose), and 3 × 107 cells/kg body weight (high dose). The hUC-MSCs caused significant decreases in emphysema severity by measuring the mean linear intercept (MLI) and destructive index (DI). A decrease in neutrophils (%) and an increase in lymphocytes (%) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were observed in emphysematous mice after hUC-MSC treatment. Lung levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1)/keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12 significantly decreased after hUC-MSC administration. Significant reductions in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β, and IL-17A in serum occurred after hUC-MSC administration. Notably, the cell viability of lung fibroblasts improved with hUC-MSCs after being treated with CS extract (CSE). Furthermore, the hUC-MSCs-conditioned medium (hUC-MSCs-CM) restored the contractile force, and increased messenger RNA expressions of elastin and fibronectin by lung fibroblasts. In conclusion, hUC-MSCs reduced inflammatory responses and emphysema severity in CS-induced emphysematous mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yue Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ying Chen
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Willie Lin
- Meridigen Biotech Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Ta-Chih Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chu Chou
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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69
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Gozzi-Silva SC, Teixeira FME, Duarte AJDS, Sato MN, Oliveira LDM. Immunomodulatory Role of Nutrients: How Can Pulmonary Dysfunctions Improve? Front Nutr 2021; 8:674258. [PMID: 34557509 PMCID: PMC8453008 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.674258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is an important tool that can be used to modulate the immune response during infectious diseases. In addition, through diet, important substrates are acquired for the biosynthesis of regulatory molecules in the immune response, influencing the progression and treatment of chronic lung diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this way, nutrition can promote lung health status. A range of nutrients, such as vitamins (A, C, D, and E), minerals (zinc, selenium, iron, and magnesium), flavonoids and fatty acids, play important roles in reducing the risk of pulmonary chronic diseases and viral infections. Through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, nutrients are associated with better lung function and a lower risk of complications since they can decrease the harmful effects from the immune system during the inflammatory response. In addition, bioactive compounds can even contribute to epigenetic changes, including histone deacetylase (HDAC) modifications that inhibit the transcription of proinflammatory cytokines, which can contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis in the context of infections and chronic inflammatory diseases. These nutrients also play an important role in activating immune responses against pathogens, which can help the immune system during infections. Here, we provide an updated overview of the roles played by dietary factors and how they can affect respiratory health. Therefore, we will show the anti-inflammatory role of flavonoids, fatty acids, vitamins and microbiota, important for the control of chronic inflammatory diseases and allergies, in addition to the antiviral role of vitamins, flavonoids, and minerals during pulmonary viral infections, addressing the mechanisms involved in each function. These mechanisms are interesting in the discussion of perspectives associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and its pulmonary complications since patients with severe disease have vitamins deficiency, especially vitamin D. In addition, researches with the use of flavonoids have been shown to decrease viral replication in vitro. This way, a full understanding of dietary influences can improve the lung health of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cristina Gozzi-Silva
- Laboratório de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Franciane Mouradian Emidio Teixeira
- Laboratório de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Notomi Sato
- Laboratório de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana de Mendonça Oliveira
- Laboratório de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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McDaniel J. Regulation of Neutrophil Function by Marine n-3 Fatty Acids-A Mini Review. Cell Biochem Biophys 2021; 79:641-648. [PMID: 34047941 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-021-01001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
While normal functioning neutrophils contribute in various, critical ways to the maintenance of a stable immune system, their hypo- or hyper-activation has been implicated in the onset or exacerbation of multiple inflammatory conditions often affecting the vulnerable, aging population. As such, many would benefit from interventions capable of targeting neutrophils in disease-specific ways without disrupting their primary role in maintaining immune function. After consumption, marine omega-3 fatty acids are rapidly incorporated into the phospholipid bilayer of neutrophils, changing the fatty acid composition and consequently modifying neutrophil function. In addition to eicosanoid synthesis, the mechanisms by which marine n-3 fatty acids and their metabolites alter neutrophil function involve blockage of transcription factors that subsequently reduce pro-inflammatory gene expression by neutrophils and through the disruption of lipid rafts. In the current mini-review, a brief explanation of marine n-3 fatty acid metabolism is provided and the subsequent impact on neutrophil function is discussed. In addition, current evidence of the effects of marine n-3 fatty acid supplementation on neutrophil function from clinical trials conducted in the past 15 years is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- J McDaniel
- The Ohio State University, College of Nursing, 1585 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Kahler JP, Verhelst SHL. Phosphinate esters as novel warheads for activity-based probes targeting serine proteases. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:1285-1290. [PMID: 34458842 PMCID: PMC8341442 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00117e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity-based protein profiling enables the specific detection of the active fraction of an enzyme and is of particular use for the profiling of proteases. The technique relies on a mechanism-based reaction between small molecule activity-based probes (ABPs) with the active enzyme. Here we report a set of new ABPs for serine proteases, specifically neutrophil serine proteases. The probes contain a phenylphosphinate warhead that mimics the P1 amino acid recognized by the primary recognition pocket of S1 family serine proteases. The warhead is easily synthesized from commercial starting materials and leads to potent probes which can be used for fluorescent in-gel protease detection and fluorescent microscopy imaging experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pascal Kahler
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven Herestraat 49 Box 802 3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Steven H L Verhelst
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven Herestraat 49 Box 802 3000 Leuven Belgium
- Leibniz Institute for Analytical Sciences ISAS Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6b 44227 Dortmund Germany
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72
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Chakrabarti A, Mar JS, Choy DF, Cao Y, Rathore N, Yang X, Tew GW, Li O, Woodruff PG, Brightling CE, Grimbaldeston M, Christenson SA, Bafadhel M, Rosenberger CM. High serum granulocyte-colony stimulating factor characterises neutrophilic COPD exacerbations associated with dysbiosis. ERJ Open Res 2021; 7:00836-2020. [PMID: 34350278 PMCID: PMC8326681 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00836-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction COPD exacerbations are heterogeneous and can be triggered by bacterial, viral, or noninfectious insults. Exacerbations are also heterogeneous in neutrophilic or eosinophilic inflammatory responses. A noninvasive peripheral biomarker of COPD exacerbations characterised by bacterial/neutrophilic inflammation is lacking. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a key cytokine elevated during bacterial infection and mediates survival, proliferation, differentiation and function of neutrophils. Objective We hypothesised that high peripheral G-CSF would be indicative of COPD exacerbations with a neutrophilic and bacterial phenotype associated with microbial dysbiosis. Methods Serum G-CSF was measured during hospitalised exacerbation (day 0 or D0) and after 30 days of recovery (Day30 or D30) in 37 subjects. In a second cohort, serum and sputum cytokines were measured in 59 COPD patients during stable disease, at exacerbation, and at 2-weeks and 6-weeks following exacerbation. Results Serum G-CSF was increased during exacerbation in a subset of patients. These exacerbations were enriched for bacterial but not viral or type-2 biologies. The median serum G-CSF level was 1.6-fold higher in bacterial exacerbation compared to nonbacterial exacerbation (22 pg·mL−1versus 13 pg·mL−1, p=0.0007). Serum G-CSF classified bacterial exacerbations with an area under the curve (AUC) for the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve equal to 0.76. Exacerbations with a two-fold or greater increase in serum G-CSF were characterised by neutrophilic inflammation, with increased sputum and blood neutrophils, and high sputum interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) levels. These exacerbations were preceded by dysbiosis, with decreased microbiome diversity and enrichment of respiratory pathogens such as Haemophilus and Moraxella. Furthermore, serum G-CSF at exacerbation classified neutrophilic-dysbiotic exacerbations (AUC for the ROC curve equal to 0.75). Conclusions High serum G-CSF enriches for COPD exacerbations characterised by neutrophilic inflammation with underlying bacterial dysbiosis. Noninvasive biomarkers to characterise #AECOPD subtypes are limited. High serum G-CSF enriches for COPD exacerbations associated with bacterial infection and neutrophilic inflammation preceded by lung microbial dysbiosis.https://bit.ly/3rck3M6
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordan S Mar
- Biomarker Discovery OMNI, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David F Choy
- Biomarker Discovery OMNI, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yi Cao
- Bioinformatics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nisha Rathore
- Biomarker Discovery OMNI, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Biostatistics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gaik W Tew
- OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Olga Li
- OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Mona Bafadhel
- Nuffield Dept of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Santana KG, Righetti RF, Breda CNDS, Domínguez-Amorocho OA, Ramalho T, Dantas FEB, Nunes VS, Tibério IDFLC, Soriano FG, Câmara NOS, Quintão ECR, Cazita PM. Cholesterol-Ester Transfer Protein Alters M1 and M2 Macrophage Polarization and Worsens Experimental Elastase-Induced Pulmonary Emphysema. Front Immunol 2021; 12:684076. [PMID: 34367144 PMCID: PMC8334866 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.684076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol-ester transfer protein (CETP) plays a role in atherosclerosis, the inflammatory response to endotoxemia and in experimental and human sepsis. Functional alterations in lipoprotein (LP) metabolism and immune cell populations, including macrophages, occur during sepsis and may be related to comorbidities such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Macrophages are significantly associated with pulmonary emphysema, and depending on the microenvironment, might exhibit an M1 or M2 phenotype. Macrophages derived from the peritoneum and bone marrow reveal CETP that contributes to its plasma concentration. Here, we evaluated the role of CETP in macrophage polarization and elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema (ELA) in human CETP-expressing transgenic (huCETP) (line 5203, C57BL6/J background) male mice and compared it to their wild type littermates. We showed that bone marrow-derived macrophages from huCETP mice reduce polarization toward the M1 phenotype, but with increased IL-10. Compared to WT, huCETP mice exposed to elastase showed worsened lung function with an increased mean linear intercept (Lm), reflecting airspace enlargement resulting from parenchymal destruction with increased expression of arginase-1 and IL-10, which are M2 markers. The cytokine profile revealed increased IL-6 in plasma and TNF, and IL-10 in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), corroborating with the lung immunohistochemistry in the huCETP-ELA group compared to WT-ELA. Elastase treatment in the huCETP group increased VLDL-C and reduced HDL-C. Elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema in huCETP mice promotes lung M2-like phenotype with a deleterious effect in experimental COPD, corroborating the in vitro result in which CETP promoted M2 macrophage polarization. Our results suggest that CETP is associated with inflammatory response and influences the role of macrophages in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Gomes Santana
- Laboratorio de Lipides, LIM-10, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Fraga Righetti
- Laboratório de Terapêutica Experimental I (LIM-20), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Naffah de Souza Breda
- Transplantation Immunobiology Lab, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Omar Alberto Domínguez-Amorocho
- Transplantation Immunobiology Lab, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Theresa Ramalho
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Francisca Elda B Dantas
- Laboratorio de Lipides, LIM-10, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valéria Sutti Nunes
- Laboratorio de Lipides, LIM-10, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Francisco Garcia Soriano
- Laboratório de Emergências Clínicas (LIM-51), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels O S Câmara
- Transplantation Immunobiology Lab, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eder Carlos Rocha Quintão
- Laboratorio de Lipides, LIM-10, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia M Cazita
- Laboratorio de Lipides, LIM-10, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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The Serpin Superfamily and Their Role in the Regulation and Dysfunction of Serine Protease Activity in COPD and Other Chronic Lung Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126351. [PMID: 34198546 PMCID: PMC8231800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a debilitating heterogeneous disease characterised by unregulated proteolytic destruction of lung tissue mediated via a protease-antiprotease imbalance. In COPD, the relationship between the neutrophil serine protease, neutrophil elastase, and its endogenous inhibitor, alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) is the best characterised. AAT belongs to a superfamily of serine protease inhibitors known as serpins. Advances in screening technologies have, however, resulted in many members of the serpin superfamily being identified as having differential expression across a multitude of chronic lung diseases compared to healthy individuals. Serpins exhibit a unique suicide-substrate mechanism of inhibition during which they undergo a dramatic conformational change to a more stable form. A limitation is that this also renders them susceptible to disease-causing mutations. Identification of the extent of their physiological/pathological role in the airways would allow further expansion of knowledge regarding the complexity of protease regulation in the lung and may provide wider opportunity for their use as therapeutics to aid the management of COPD and other chronic airways diseases.
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75
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The Antimicrobial Activity of Peripheral Blood Neutrophils Is Altered in Patients with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126172. [PMID: 34201048 PMCID: PMC8230338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The airways of patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) contain persistently elevated neutrophil numbers and CXCL8 levels. Despite their abundance, neutrophils fail to clear the airways from bacterial infections. We investigated whether neutrophil functions are altered in patients with PCD. Neutrophils from patients and healthy controls (HC) were isolated from peripheral blood and exposed to various bacterial stimuli or cytokines. Neutrophils from patients with PCD were less responsive to low levels of fMLF in three different chemotaxis assays (p < 0.05), but expression of the fMLF receptors was unaltered. PCD neutrophils showed normal phagocytic function and expression of adhesion molecules. However, PCD neutrophils produced less reactive oxygen species upon stimulation with bacterial products or cytokines compared to HC neutrophils (p < 0.05). Finally, the capacity to release DNA, as observed during neutrophil extracellular trap formation, seemed to be reduced in patients with PCD compared to HC (p = 0.066). These results suggest that peripheral blood neutrophils from patients with PCD, in contrast to those of patients with cystic fibrosis or COPD, do not show features of over-activation, neither on baseline nor after stimulation. If these findings extend to lung-resident neutrophils, the reduced neutrophil activity could possibly contribute to the recurrent respiratory infections in patients with PCD.
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76
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Uras IS, Ebada SS, Korinek M, Albohy A, Abdulrazik BS, Wang YH, Chen BH, Horng JT, Lin W, Hwang TL, Konuklugil B. Anti-Inflammatory, Antiallergic, and COVID-19 Main Protease (M pro) Inhibitory Activities of Butenolides from a Marine-Derived Fungus Aspergillus terreus. Molecules 2021; 26:3354. [PMID: 34199488 PMCID: PMC8199578 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In December 2020, the U.K. authorities reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) that a new COVID-19 variant, considered to be a variant under investigation from December 2020 (VUI-202012/01), was identified through viral genomic sequencing. Although several other mutants were previously reported, VUI-202012/01 proved to be about 70% more transmissible. Hence, the usefulness and effectiveness of the newly U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved COVID-19 vaccines against these new variants are doubtfully questioned. As a result of these unexpected mutants from COVID-19 and due to lack of time, much research interest is directed toward assessing secondary metabolites as potential candidates for developing lead pharmaceuticals. In this study, a marine-derived fungus Aspergillus terreus was investigated, affording two butenolide derivatives, butyrolactones I (1) and III (2), a meroterpenoid, terretonin (3), and 4-hydroxy-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)benzaldehyde (4). Chemical structures were unambiguously determined based on mass spectrometry and extensive 1D/2D NMR analyses experiments. Compounds (1-4) were assessed for their in vitro anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, and in silico COVID-19 main protease (Mpro) and elastase inhibitory activities. Among the tested compounds, only 1 revealed significant activities comparable to or even more potent than respective standard drugs, which makes butyrolactone I (1) a potential lead entity for developing a new remedy to treat and/or control the currently devastating and deadly effects of COVID-19 pandemic and elastase-related inflammatory complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Seyda Uras
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara 06560, Turkey;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri 04100, Turkey
| | - Sherif S. Ebada
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Kantara, Ismailia 41511, Egypt
| | - Michal Korinek
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Amgad Albohy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk City, Suez Desert Road, Cairo 11837, Egypt; (A.A.); (B.S.A.)
| | - Basma S. Abdulrazik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk City, Suez Desert Road, Cairo 11837, Egypt; (A.A.); (B.S.A.)
| | - Yi-Hsuan Wang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Bing-Hung Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Jim-Tong Horng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Wenhan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Belma Konuklugil
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara 06560, Turkey;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lokman Hekim University, Çankaya, Ankara 06510, Turkey
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Bianchera A, Alomari E, Bruno S. Augmentation therapy with alpha 1-antitrypsin: present and future of production, formulation, and delivery. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:385-410. [PMID: 34036902 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210525161942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alpha 1-antitrypsin is one of the first protein therapeutics introduced on the market - more than 30 years ago - and, to date, it is indicated only for the treatment of the severe forms of a genetic condition known as alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. The only approved preparations are derived from plasma, posing potential problems associated with its limited supply and high processing costs. Moreover, augmentation therapy with alpha 1-antitrypsin is still limited to intravenous infusions, a cumbersome regimen for patients. Here, we review the recent literature on its possible future developments, focusing on i) the recombinant alternatives to the plasma-derived protein, ii) novel formulations, and iii) novel administration routes. Regulatory issues and the still unclear noncanonical functions of alpha 1-antitrypsin - possibly associated with the glycosylation pattern found only in the plasma-derived protein - have hindered the introduction of new products. However, potentially new therapeutic indications other than the treatment of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency might open the way to new sources and new formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Bianchera
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Esraa Alomari
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Bruno
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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78
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Lung Cancer Risk Among Patients with Asthma-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overlap. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021; 18:1894-1900. [PMID: 34019783 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202010-1280oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a well-established independent risk factor for lung cancer, while the literature on the association between asthma and lung cancer is mixed. Whether Asthma COPD Overlap (ACO) is associated with lung cancer has not been studied. OBJECTIVES We aimed to compare lung cancer risk among patients with ACO vs. COPD and other conditions associated with airway obstruction. METHODS We studied 13,939 smokers from the National Lung Cancer Screening Trial who had baseline spirometry, and utilized spirometric indices and history of childhood asthma to categorize participants into 5 specific airway disease subgroups. We used Poisson regression to compare unadjusted and adjusted lung cancer risk. RESULTS The incidence rate of lung cancer per 1,000 person-years was: ACO, 13.2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.1-21.5); COPD, 11.7 (95% CI: 10.5-13.1); asthmatic smokers, 1.8 (95% CI: 0.6-5.4); Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease-Unclassified, 7.7 (95% CI: 6.4-9.2); and normal-spirometry smokers, 4.1 (95% CI: 3.5-4.8). ACO patients had increased adjusted risk of lung cancer compared to patients with asthma (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 4.5, 95% CI: 1.3-15.8) and normal spirometry smokers (IRR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.3-4.2) in models adjusting for other risk factors. Adjusted lung cancer incidence in patients with ACO and COPD were not found to be different (IRR: 1.2, 95% CI 0.7 - 2.1). CONCLUSIONS Risk of lung cancer among patients with ACO is similar to those with COPD and higher than other groups of smokers. These results provide further evidence that COPD, with or without a history of childhood asthma, is an independent risk factor for lung cancer.
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Kwak N, Lee KH, Woo J, Kim J, Lee CH, Yoo CG. Synergistic cycles of protease activity and inflammation via PPARγ degradation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:947-955. [PMID: 34021254 PMCID: PMC8178386 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00626-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, oxidative stress, and protease-antiprotease imbalance have been suggested to be a pathogenic triad in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, it is not clear how proteases interact with components of inflammatory pathways. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of neutrophil elastase (NE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced interleukin 8 (IL-8) production and determine the molecular mechanism in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). Immortalized bronchial epithelial cells and primary HBECs were used to investigate the impact of NE on LPS-induced IL-8 production. The molecular mechanism by which NE modulated LPS-induced IL-8 production was confirmed in elastase-treated C57BL/6 mice and primary HBECs obtained from COPD patients and healthy controls. The results showed that NE treatment synergistically augmented LPS-induced IL-8 production in both immortalized bronchial epithelial cells and primary HBECs. NE partially degraded peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), which is known to regulate IL-8 production in the nucleus. Treatment with a PPARγ agonist and overexpression of PPARγ reversed the NE-induced synergistic increase in LPS-induced IL-8 production. Moreover, PPARγ levels were lower in lung homogenates and lung epithelial cells from elastase-treated mice than in those from saline-treated mice. In accordance with the findings in mice, PPARγ levels were lower in primary HBECs from COPD patients than in those from healthy never-smokers or healthy smokers. In conclusion, a vicious cycle of mutual augmentation of protease activity and inflammation resulting from PPARγ degradation plays a role in the pathogenesis of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakwon Kwak
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Hee Lee
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jisu Woo
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Lee
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chul-Gyu Yoo
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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80
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Jasper AE, Sapey E, Thickett DR, Scott A. Understanding potential mechanisms of harm: the drivers of electronic cigarette-induced changes in alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, and lung epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L336-L348. [PMID: 34009037 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00081.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic (e-) cigarettes are growing in popularity despite uncertainties regarding their long-term health implications. The link between cigarette smoking and initiation of chronic lung disease took decades to unpick so in vitro studies mimicking e-cigarette exposure aim to detect early indicators of harm. In response to e-cigarette exposure, alveolar macrophages adopt a proinflammatory phenotype of increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, reduction in phagocytosis, and efferocytosis and reactive oxygen species generation. These effects are largely driven by free radical exposure, changes in PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, nicotine-induced reduction in phagocytosis receptors, and impaired lipid homeostasis leading to a foam-like lipid-laden phenotype. Neutrophils exhibit disrupted chemotaxis and transmigration to chemokines, reduced phagocytosis and bacterial killing, and an increase in protease secretion without corresponding antiproteases in response to e-cigarette exposure. This is driven by an altered ability to respond and to polarize toward chemoattractants, an activation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway and inability to assemble NADPH oxidase. E-cigarettes induce lung epithelial cells to display decreased ciliary beat frequency and ion channel conductance as well as changes in chemokine secretion and surface protein expression. Changes in gene expression, mitochondrial function, and signaling pathways have been demonstrated in lung epithelial cells to explain these changes. Many functional outputs of alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, and lung epithelial cells have not been fully explored in the context of e-cigarette exposure and the underlying driving mechanisms are poorly understood. This review discusses current evidence surrounding the effects of e-cigarettes on alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, and lung epithelial cells with particular focus on the cellular mechanisms of change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E Jasper
- Birmingham Acute Care Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Sapey
- Birmingham Acute Care Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - David R Thickett
- Birmingham Acute Care Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Scott
- Birmingham Acute Care Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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81
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McKelvey MC, Brown R, Ryan S, Mall MA, Weldon S, Taggart CC. Proteases, Mucus, and Mucosal Immunity in Chronic Lung Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5018. [PMID: 34065111 PMCID: PMC8125985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated protease activity has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases and especially in conditions that display mucus obstruction, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. However, our appreciation of the roles of proteases in various aspects of such diseases continues to grow. Patients with muco-obstructive lung disease experience progressive spirals of inflammation, mucostasis, airway infection and lung function decline. Some therapies exist for the treatment of these symptoms, but they are unable to halt disease progression and patients may benefit from novel adjunct therapies. In this review, we highlight how proteases act as multifunctional enzymes that are vital for normal airway homeostasis but, when their activity becomes immoderate, also directly contribute to airway dysfunction, and impair the processes that could resolve disease. We focus on how proteases regulate the state of mucus at the airway surface, impair mucociliary clearance and ultimately, promote mucostasis. We discuss how, in parallel, proteases are able to promote an inflammatory environment in the airways by mediating proinflammatory signalling, compromising host defence mechanisms and perpetuating their own proteolytic activity causing structural lung damage. Finally, we discuss some possible reasons for the clinical inefficacy of protease inhibitors to date and propose that, especially in a combination therapy approach, proteases represent attractive therapeutic targets for muco-obstructive lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. McKelvey
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (M.C.M.); (R.B.); (S.R.); (S.W.)
| | - Ryan Brown
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (M.C.M.); (R.B.); (S.R.); (S.W.)
| | - Sinéad Ryan
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (M.C.M.); (R.B.); (S.R.); (S.W.)
| | - Marcus A. Mall
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Sinéad Weldon
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (M.C.M.); (R.B.); (S.R.); (S.W.)
| | - Clifford C. Taggart
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (M.C.M.); (R.B.); (S.R.); (S.W.)
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82
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Evaluation of Aerosol Therapy during the Escalation of Care in a Model of Adult Cystic Fibrosis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10050472. [PMID: 33919035 PMCID: PMC8142975 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung disease is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF). CF patients inhale antibiotics regularly as treatment against persistent bacterial infections. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of clinical intervention on aerosol therapy during the escalation of care using a bench model of adult CF. Droplet size analysis of selected antibiotics was completed in tandem with the delivered aerosol dose (% of total dose) assessments in simulations of various interventions providing oxygen supplementation or ventilatory support. Results highlight the variability of aerosolised dose delivery. In the homecare setting, the vibrating mesh nebuliser (VMN) delivered significantly more than the jet nebuliser (JN) (16.15 ± 0.86% versus 6.51 ± 2.15%). In the hospital setting, using VMN only, significant variability was seen across clinical interventions. In the emergency department, VMN plus mouthpiece (no supplemental oxygen) was seen to deliver (29.02 ± 1.41%) versus low flow nasal therapy (10 L per minute (LPM) oxygen) (1.81 ± 0.47%) and high flow nasal therapy (50 LPM oxygen) (3.36 ± 0.34%). In the ward/intensive care unit, non-invasive ventilation recorded 19.02 ± 0.28%, versus 22.64 ± 1.88% of the dose delivered during invasive mechanical ventilation. These results will have application in the design of intervention-appropriate aerosol therapy strategies and will be of use to researchers developing new therapeutics for application in cystic fibrosis and beyond.
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83
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Milad N, Pineault M, Lechasseur A, Routhier J, Beaulieu MJ, Aubin S, Morissette MC. Neutrophils and IL-1α Regulate Surfactant Homeostasis during Cigarette Smoking. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1923-1931. [PMID: 33722877 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke exposure induces inflammation marked by rapid and sustained neutrophil infiltration, IL-1α, release and altered surfactant homeostasis. However, the extent to which neutrophils and IL-1α contribute to the maintenance of pulmonary surfactant homeostasis is not well understood. We sought to investigate whether neutrophils play a role in surfactant clearance as well as the effect of neutrophil depletion and IL-1α blockade on the response to cigarette smoke exposure. In vitro and in vivo administration of fluorescently labeled surfactant phosphatidylcholine was used to assess internalization of surfactant by lung neutrophils and macrophages during or following cigarette smoke exposure in mice. We also depleted neutrophils using anti-Ly-6G or anti-Gr-1 Abs, or we neutralized IL-1α using a blocking Ab to determine their respective roles in regulating surfactant homeostasis during cigarette smoke exposure. We observed that neutrophils actively internalize labeled surfactant both in vitro and in vivo and that IL-1α is required for smoke-induced elevation of surfactant protein (SP)-A and SP-D levels. Neutrophil depletion during cigarette smoke exposure led to a further increase in SP-A levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage and increased IL-1α, CCL2, GM-CSF, and G-CSF release. Finally, macrophage expression of Mmp12, a protease linked to emphysema, was increased in neutrophil-depleted groups and decreased following IL-1α blockade. Taken together, our results indicate that neutrophils and IL-1α signaling are actively involved in surfactant homeostasis and that the absence of neutrophils in the lungs during cigarette smoke exposure leads to an IL-1α-dependent exacerbation of the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Milad
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G5, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada; and
| | - Marie Pineault
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G5, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada; and
| | - Ariane Lechasseur
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G5, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada; and
| | - Joanie Routhier
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Beaulieu
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Sophie Aubin
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Mathieu C Morissette
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G5, Canada; .,Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
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84
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Lee JW, Chun W, Lee HJ, Min JH, Kim SM, Seo JY, Ahn KS, Oh SR. The Role of Macrophages in the Development of Acute and Chronic Inflammatory Lung Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:897. [PMID: 33919784 PMCID: PMC8070705 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in the innate and adaptive immune responses of organ systems, including the lungs, to particles and pathogens. Cumulative results show that macrophages contribute to the development and progression of acute or chronic inflammatory responses through the secretion of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and the activation of transcription factors in the pathogenesis of inflammatory lung diseases, such as acute lung injury (ALI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), ARDS related to COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)), allergic asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This review summarizes the functions of macrophages and their associated underlying mechanisms in the development of ALI, ARDS, COVID-19-related ARDS, allergic asthma, COPD, and IPF and briefly introduces the acute and chronic experimental animal models. Thus, this review suggests an effective therapeutic approach that focuses on the regulation of macrophage function in the context of inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungbuk, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (J.-H.M.); (S.-M.K.); (J.-Y.S.)
| | - Wanjoo Chun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (W.C.); (H.J.L.)
| | - Hee Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (W.C.); (H.J.L.)
| | - Jae-Hong Min
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungbuk, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (J.-H.M.); (S.-M.K.); (J.-Y.S.)
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea
| | - Seong-Man Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungbuk, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (J.-H.M.); (S.-M.K.); (J.-Y.S.)
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Seo
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungbuk, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (J.-H.M.); (S.-M.K.); (J.-Y.S.)
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea
| | - Kyung-Seop Ahn
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungbuk, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (J.-H.M.); (S.-M.K.); (J.-Y.S.)
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungbuk, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (J.-H.M.); (S.-M.K.); (J.-Y.S.)
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85
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Ritzmann F, Beisswenger C. Preclinical studies and the function of IL-17 cytokines in COPD. Ann Anat 2021; 237:151729. [PMID: 33798693 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is among the leading causes of death worldwide and imposes a high economic burden to the health systems. COPD is characterized by chronic inflammation of the lung leading to airflow limitation, alveolar tissue destruction, and emphysema. Therefore, anti-inflammatory therapies for the treatment of COPD are of interest. In this review, we focus on the function of the IL-17 cytokines IL-17A and IL-17C, both known to mediate the recruitment of inflammatory cells, in the pathogenesis of COPD. We highlight that the expression of IL-17A and IL-17C is induced by pathogens frequently found in lungs of COPD patients and that targeting IL-17-signaling is an interesting option for the treatment of acute exacerbation of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Ritzmann
- Department of Internal Medicine V - Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Beisswenger
- Department of Internal Medicine V - Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany.
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86
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Ritzmann F, Borchardt K, Vella G, Chitirala P, Angenendt A, Herr C, Menger MD, Hoth M, Lis A, Bohle RM, Bals R, Beisswenger C. Blockade of PD-1 decreases neutrophilic inflammation and lung damage in experimental COPD. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 320:L958-L968. [PMID: 33759577 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00121.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) and lung cancer are both caused by smoking and often occur as comorbidity. The programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) axis is an important canonic immunoregulatory pathway, and antibodies that specifically block PD-1 or PD-L1 have demonstrated efficacy as therapeutic agents for non-small cell lung cancer. The role of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in the pathogenesis of COPD is unknown. Here, we analyzed the function of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in preclinical COPD models and evaluated the concentrations of PD-1 and PD-L1 in human serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids as biomarkers for COPD. Anti-PD-1 treatment decreased lung damage and neutrophilic inflammation in mice chronically exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) or nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). Ex vivo stimulated macrophages obtained from anti-PD-1-treated mice released reduced amounts of inflammatory cytokines. PD-L1 concentrations correlated positively with PD-1 concentrations in human serum and BAL fluids. Lung sections obtained from patients with COPD stained positive for PD-L1. Our data indicate that the PD-1/PD-L1 axis is involved in developing inflammation and tissue destruction in COPD. Inflammation-induced activation of the PD-1 pathway may contribute to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Ritzmann
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology, and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Kai Borchardt
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology, and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Giovanna Vella
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology, and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Praneeth Chitirala
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology, and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Adrian Angenendt
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Christian Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology, and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Markus Hoth
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Annette Lis
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Rainer M Bohle
- Department of Pathology, Saarland University, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Robert Bals
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology, and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Christoph Beisswenger
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology, and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
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87
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Pedersen F, Trinkmann F, Abdo M, Kirsten AM, Rabe KF, Watz H, Baraldo S, Saetta M, Hohlfeld JM, Holz O. Influence of Cell Quality on Inflammatory Biomarkers in COPD Sputum Supernatant. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2021; 16:487-493. [PMID: 33688174 PMCID: PMC7935341 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s284938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We recently introduced a sputum cell quality score to rate how cell morphology, cellular debris and squamous cell contamination influence inflammatory cell identification during microscopic evaluation. However, sputum cell quality is generally not considered for the interpretation of sputum fluid phase biomarkers. Therefore, we compared the soluble protein concentrations between sputum samples with different cell quality. The impact of cell quality was compared to other factors potentially affecting soluble biomarker concentrations. Methods A comprehensive sputum dataset from 154 clinically stable COPD patients was used to analyse the differences and the variability of sputum supernatant concentrations for 23 proteins between low, medium, and high sputum cell quality samples. A model was developed and tested to compare the impact of different factors on sputum supernatant protein levels. Results Mean percentages of sputum macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes and lymphocytes showed no significant differences between low, medium and high cell quality levels. The mean percentage of squamous cells were lower, while total cell count/mL sputum and cell viability were significantly higher in sputum samples with higher cell quality. The concentrations of Interleukin-6, Interleukin-8 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 2 were significantly increased in sputum samples of higher cell quality. The variability of most protein concentrations declined with increasing cell quality levels. Sixteen proteins showed significantly negative correlations with the percentage of squamous cells. For 14 proteins we observed a positive correlation with cell number/mL sputum. Multiple regression analysis shows that generally less than 30% of the protein variability can be explained by the included factors. Conclusion Sputum cell quality has a significant impact on some soluble biomarker concentrations in sputum supernatant. Sputum samples with low sputum cell quality show a higher variability of fluid phase proteins in comparison to medium and high sputum cell quality levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Pedersen
- Pulmonary Research Institute at LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany.,LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Frederik Trinkmann
- Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik at University Hospital Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mustafa Abdo
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Anne-Marie Kirsten
- Pulmonary Research Institute at LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Klaus F Rabe
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Henrik Watz
- Pulmonary Research Institute at LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Simonetta Baraldo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Respiratory Diseases Clinic, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marina Saetta
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Respiratory Diseases Clinic, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Jens M Hohlfeld
- Fraunhofer ITEM, Clinical Airway Research - Biomedical Research in End-Stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Biomedical Research in End-Stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Olaf Holz
- Fraunhofer ITEM, Clinical Airway Research - Biomedical Research in End-Stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
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88
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Kang HS, Bak SH, Oh HY, Lim MN, Cha YK, Yoon HJ, Kim WJ. Computed tomography-based visual assessment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: comparison with pulmonary function test and quantitative computed tomography. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:1495-1506. [PMID: 33841942 PMCID: PMC8024830 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-3041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has variable subtypes involving mixture of large airway inflammation, small airway disease, and emphysema. This study evaluated the relationship between visually assessed computed tomography (CT) subtypes and clinical/imaging characteristics. Methods In total, 452 participants were enrolled in this study between 2012 and 2017. Seven subtypes were defined by visual evaluation of CT images using Fleischner Society classification: normal, paraseptal emphysema (PSE), bronchial disease, and centrilobular emphysema (trace, mild, moderate and confluent/advanced destructive). The differences in several variables, including clinical, laboratory, spirometric, and quantitative CT features among CT-based visual subtypes, were compared using the chi-square tests and one-way analysis of variance. Results Subjects who had PSE had better forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) (P=0.03) percentage and higher lung density (P<0.05) than those with moderate to confluent/advanced destructive centrilobular emphysema. As the visual grade of centrilobular emphysema worsened, pulmonary function declined and modified Medical Research Council, COPD assessment test (CAT) score, and quantitative assessment (emphysema index and air trapping) increased. The bronchial subtype was associated with higher body mass index (BMI), better lung function and higher lung density. Participants with trace emphysema showed a rapid increase in functional small airway disease. Conclusions Classifying subtypes using visual CT imaging features can reflect heterogeneity and pathological processes of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Sol Kang
- Department of Radiology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hyeon Bak
- Department of Radiology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Yeun Oh
- Department of Radiology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Nam Lim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ki Cha
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Environmental Health Center, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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89
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de Morais SD, Kak G, Menousek JP, Kielian T. Immunopathogenesis of Craniotomy Infection and Niche-Specific Immune Responses to Biofilm. Front Immunol 2021; 12:625467. [PMID: 33708216 PMCID: PMC7940520 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.625467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections in the central nervous system (CNS) can be life threatening and often impair neurological function. Biofilm infection is a complication following craniotomy, a neurosurgical procedure that involves the removal and replacement of a skull fragment (bone flap) to access the brain for surgical intervention. The incidence of infection following craniotomy ranges from 1% to 3% with approximately half caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). These infections present a significant therapeutic challenge due to the antibiotic tolerance of biofilm and unique immune properties of the CNS. Previous studies have revealed a critical role for innate immune responses during S. aureus craniotomy infection. Experiments using knockout mouse models have highlighted the importance of the pattern recognition receptor Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and its adaptor protein MyD88 for preventing S. aureus outgrowth during craniotomy biofilm infection. However, neither molecule affected bacterial burden in a mouse model of S. aureus brain abscess highlighting the distinctions between immune regulation of biofilm vs. planktonic infection in the CNS. Furthermore, the immune responses elicited during S. aureus craniotomy infection are distinct from biofilm infection in the periphery, emphasizing the critical role for niche-specific factors in dictating S. aureus biofilm-leukocyte crosstalk. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge concerning innate immunity to S. aureus craniotomy biofilm infection, compare this to S. aureus biofilm infection in the periphery, and discuss the importance of anatomical location in dictating how biofilm influences inflammatory responses and its impact on bacterial clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Db de Morais
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Gunjan Kak
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Joseph P Menousek
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Tammy Kielian
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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90
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Rico de Souza A, Traboulsi H, Wang X, Fritz JH, Eidelman DH, Baglole CJ. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Attenuates Acute Cigarette Smoke-Induced Airway Neutrophilia Independent of the Dioxin Response Element. Front Immunol 2021; 12:630427. [PMID: 33659010 PMCID: PMC7917085 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.630427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a prevalent respiratory toxicant that remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Cigarette smoke induces inflammation in the lungs and airways that contributes to the development of diseases such as lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Due to the presence of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands in cigarette smoke, activation of the AhR has been implicated in driving this inflammatory response. However, we have previously shown that the AhR suppresses cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary inflammation, but the mechanism by which the AhR achieves its anti-inflammatory function is unknown. In this study, we use the AhR antagonist CH-223191 to inhibit AhR activity in mice. After an acute (3-day) cigarette smoke exposure, AhR inhibition was associated with significantly enhanced neutrophilia in the airways in response to cigarette smoke, mimicking the phenotype of AhR-deficient mice. We then used genetically-modified mouse strains which express an AhR that can bind ligand but either cannot translocate to the nucleus or bind its cognate response element, to show that these features of the AhR pathway are not required for the AhR to suppress pulmonary neutrophilia. Finally, using the non-toxic endogenous AhR ligand FICZ, we provide proof-of-concept that activation of pulmonary AhR attenuates smoke-induced inflammation. Collectively, these results support the importance of AhR activity in mediating its anti-inflammatory function in response to cigarette smoke. Further investigation of the precise mechanisms by which the AhR exerts is protective functions may lead to the development of therapeutic agents to treat people with chronic lung diseases that have an inflammatory etiology, but for which few therapeutic options exist.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hussein Traboulsi
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jorg H. Fritz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Carolyn J. Baglole
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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91
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Venditto VJ, Haydar D, Abdel-Latif A, Gensel JC, Anstead MI, Pitts MG, Creameans J, Kopper TJ, Peng C, Feola DJ. Immunomodulatory Effects of Azithromycin Revisited: Potential Applications to COVID-19. Front Immunol 2021; 12:574425. [PMID: 33643308 PMCID: PMC7906979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.574425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid advancement of the COVID-19 pandemic has prompted an accelerated pursuit to identify effective therapeutics. Stages of the disease course have been defined by viral burden, lung pathology, and progression through phases of the immune response. Immunological factors including inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokine storm have been associated with severe disease and death. Many immunomodulatory therapies for COVID-19 are currently being investigated, and preliminary results support the premise of targeting the immune response. However, because suppressing immune mechanisms could also impact the clearance of the virus in the early stages of infection, therapeutic success is likely to depend on timing with respect to the disease course. Azithromycin is an immunomodulatory drug that has been shown to have antiviral effects and potential benefit in patients with COVID-19. Multiple immunomodulatory effects have been defined for azithromycin which could provide efficacy during the late stages of the disease, including inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production, inhibition of neutrophil influx, induction of regulatory functions of macrophages, and alterations in autophagy. Here we review the published evidence of these mechanisms along with the current clinical use of azithromycin as an immunomodulatory therapeutic. We then discuss the potential impact of azithromycin on the immune response to COVID-19, as well as caution against immunosuppressive and off-target effects including cardiotoxicity in these patients. While azithromycin has the potential to contribute efficacy, its impact on the COVID-19 immune response requires additional characterization so as to better define its role in individualized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent J. Venditto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Dalia Haydar
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Latif
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - John C. Gensel
- Department of Physiology, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Michael I. Anstead
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Michelle G. Pitts
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Jarrod Creameans
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Timothy J. Kopper
- Department of Physiology, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Chi Peng
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - David J. Feola
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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92
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Marshall H, Stewart NJ, Chan HF, Rao M, Norquay G, Wild JM. In vivo methods and applications of xenon-129 magnetic resonance. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 122:42-62. [PMID: 33632417 PMCID: PMC7933823 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarised gas lung MRI using xenon-129 can provide detailed 3D images of the ventilated lung airspaces, and can be applied to quantify lung microstructure and detailed aspects of lung function such as gas exchange. It is sensitive to functional and structural changes in early lung disease and can be used in longitudinal studies of disease progression and therapy response. The ability of 129Xe to dissolve into the blood stream and its chemical shift sensitivity to its local environment allow monitoring of gas exchange in the lungs, perfusion of the brain and kidneys, and blood oxygenation. This article reviews the methods and applications of in vivo129Xe MR in humans, with a focus on the physics of polarisation by optical pumping, radiofrequency coil and pulse sequence design, and the in vivo applications of 129Xe MRI and MRS to examine lung ventilation, microstructure and gas exchange, blood oxygenation, and perfusion of the brain and kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Marshall
- POLARIS, Imaging Sciences, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Neil J Stewart
- POLARIS, Imaging Sciences, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ho-Fung Chan
- POLARIS, Imaging Sciences, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Madhwesha Rao
- POLARIS, Imaging Sciences, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Norquay
- POLARIS, Imaging Sciences, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jim M Wild
- POLARIS, Imaging Sciences, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
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93
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David B, Bafadhel M, Koenderman L, De Soyza A. Eosinophilic inflammation in COPD: from an inflammatory marker to a treatable trait. Thorax 2021; 76:188-195. [PMID: 33122447 PMCID: PMC7815887 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) creates many diagnostic, prognostic, treatment and management challenges, as the pathogenesis of COPD is highly complex and the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. A reliable, easy-to-measure, clinically relevant biomarker would be invaluable for improving outcomes for patients. International and national guidance for COPD suggests using blood eosinophil counts as a biomarker to help estimate likely responsiveness to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and, potentially, to aid effective management strategies. However, with the mechanism underlying the association between higher eosinophil levels and ICS effect unknown, use of the blood eosinophil count in COPD continues to be widely debated by the respiratory community.Two international meetings involving respiratory medicine specialists, immunologists and primary and secondary care clinicians were held in November 2018 and March 2019, facilitated and funded by GlaxoSmithKline plc. The aims of these meetings were to explore the role of eosinophils in the disease processes of COPD and as prognostic and diagnostic markers, and to identify areas of deficient knowledge that warrant further research. The consensus views of the attendees on key topics, contextualised with current literature, are summarised in this review article, with the aim of aiding ongoing research into the disease processes of COPD and the development of biomarkers to aid clinical management.Under certain conditions, eosinophils can be recruited to the lung, and increasing evidence supports a role for eosinophilic inflammation in some patients with COPD. Infiltration of eosinophils across the bronchial vascular epithelium into the airways is promoted by the actions of immunoregulatory cells, cytokines and chemokines, where eosinophil-mediated inflammation is driven by the release of proinflammatory mediators.Multiple studies and two meta-analyses suggest peripheral blood eosinophils may correlate positively with an increased likelihood of exacerbation reduction benefits of ICS in COPD. The studies, however, vary in design and duration and by which eosinophil levels are viewed as predictive of an ICS response. Generally, the response was seen when eosinophil levels were 100-300 cells/µL (or higher), levels which are traditionally viewed within the normal range. Some success with interleukin-5-targeted therapy suggests that the eosinophilic phenotype may be a treatable trait.The use of biomarkers could help to stratify treatment for COPD-the goal of which is to improve patient outcomes. Some evidence supports eosinophils as a potential biomarker of a treatable trait in COPD, though it is still lacking and research is ongoing. A unified consensus and a practical, accessible and affordable method of utilising any biomarker for COPD was thought to be of most importance. Challenges around its utilisation may include presenting a clear and pragmatic rationale for biomarker-driven therapy, guidance on ICS withdrawal between primary and secondary care and a lack of financial incentives supporting broad application in clinical practice. Future treatments should, perhaps, be more targeted rather than assuming the primary disease label (COPD or asthma) will define treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin David
- Research & Development, GlaxoSmithKline plc, Middlesex, UK
| | - Mona Bafadhel
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Leo Koenderman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Antony De Soyza
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Aging and Department of Respiratory Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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94
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Craven TH, Walton T, Akram AR, Scholefield E, McDonald N, Marshall ADL, Humphries DC, Mills B, Campbell TA, Bruce A, Mair J, Dear JW, Newby DE, Hill AT, Walsh TS, Haslett C, Dhaliwal K. Activated neutrophil fluorescent imaging technique for human lungs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:976. [PMID: 33441792 PMCID: PMC7806726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80083-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil activation is an integral process to acute inflammation and is associated with adverse clinical sequelae. Identification of neutrophil activation in real time in the lungs of patients may permit biological stratification of patients in otherwise heterogenous cohorts typically defined by clinical criteria. No methods for identifying neutrophil activation in real time in the lungs of patients currently exist. We developed a bespoke molecular imaging probe targeting three characteristic signatures of neutrophil activation: pinocytosis, phagosomal alkalinisation, and human neutrophil elastase (HNE) activity. The probe functioned as designed in vitro and ex vivo. We evaluated optical endomicroscopy imaging of neutrophil activity using the probe in real-time at the bedside of healthy volunteers, patients with bronchiectasis, and critically unwell mechanically ventilated patients. We detected a range of imaging responses in vivo reflecting heterogeneity of condition and severity. We corroborated optical signal was due to probe function and neutrophil activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Craven
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
- Edinburgh Critical Care Research Group, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Tashfeen Walton
- School of Chemistry, EaStCHEM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ahsan R Akram
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Emma Scholefield
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Neil McDonald
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Adam D L Marshall
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Duncan C Humphries
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Bethany Mills
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Thane A Campbell
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Annya Bruce
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Joanne Mair
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - James W Dear
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David E Newby
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adam T Hill
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Timothy S Walsh
- Edinburgh Critical Care Research Group, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Chris Haslett
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Kevin Dhaliwal
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
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95
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Trivedi A, Khan MA, Bade G, Talwar A. Orchestration of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (Nets), a Unique Innate Immune Function during Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Development. Biomedicines 2021; 9:53. [PMID: 33435568 PMCID: PMC7826777 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Morbidity, mortality and economic burden caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant global concern. Surprisingly, COPD is already the third leading cause of death worldwide, something that WHO had not predicted to occur until 2030. It is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airway limitation due to airway and/or alveolar abnormalities usually caused by significant exposure to noxious particles of gases. Neutrophil is one of the key infiltrated innate immune cells in the lung during the pathogenesis of COPD. Neutrophils during pathogenic attack or injury decide to undergo for a suicidal death by releasing decondensed chromatin entangled with antimicrobial peptides to trap and ensnare pathogens. Casting neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) has been widely demonstrated to be an effective mechanism against invading microorganisms thus controlling overwhelming infections. However, aberrant and massive NETs formation has been reported in several pulmonary diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Moreover, NETs can directly induce epithelial and endothelial cell death resulting in impairing pulmonary function and accelerating the progression of the disease. Therefore, understanding the regulatory mechanism of NET formation is the need of the hour in order to use NETs for beneficial purpose and controlling their involvement in disease exacerbation. For example, DNA neutralization of NET proteins using protease inhibitors and disintegration with recombinant human DNase would be helpful in controlling excess NETs. Targeting CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) would also reduce neutrophilic inflammation, mucus production and neutrophil-proteinase mediated tissue destruction in lung. In this review, we discuss the interplay of NETs in the development and pathophysiology of COPD and how these NETs associated therapies could be leveraged to disrupt NETopathic inflammation as observed in COPD, for better management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Trivedi
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (A.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Meraj A. Khan
- Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Geetanjali Bade
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (A.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Anjana Talwar
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (A.T.); (G.B.)
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96
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Vella G, Ritzmann F, Wolf L, Kamyschnikov A, Stodden H, Herr C, Slevogt H, Bals R, Beisswenger C. IL-17C contributes to NTHi-induced inflammation and lung damage in experimental COPD and is present in sputum during acute exacerbations. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0243484. [PMID: 33411748 PMCID: PMC7790230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophilic inflammation results in loss of lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Gram-negative bacteria, such as nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), trigger acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) and contribute to chronic lung inflammation. The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-17C (IL-17C) is expressed by airway epithelial cells and regulates neutrophilic chemotaxis. Here, we explored the function of IL-17C in NTHi- and cigarette smoke (CS)-induced models of COPD. Neutrophilic inflammation and tissue destruction were decreased in lungs of IL-17C-deficient mice (Il-17c-/-) chronically exposed to NTHi. Numbers of pulmonary neutrophils were decreased in Il-17c-/- mice after acute exposure to the combination of NTHi and CS. However, Il-17c-/- mice were not protected from CS-induced lung inflammation. In a preliminary patient study, we show that IL-17C is present in sputum samples obtained during AECOPD and associates with disease severity. Concentrations of IL-17C were significantly increased during advanced COPD (GOLD III/IV) compared to moderate COPD (GOLD I/II). Concentrations of IL-17A and IL-17E did not associate with disease severity. Our data suggest that IL-17C promotes harmful pulmonary inflammation triggered by bacteria in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Vella
- Department of Internal Medicine V – Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Felix Ritzmann
- Department of Internal Medicine V – Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Wolf
- Department of Internal Medicine V – Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kamyschnikov
- Department of Internal Medicine V – Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Hannah Stodden
- Department of Internal Medicine V – Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Christian Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine V – Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Hortense Slevogt
- Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Robert Bals
- Department of Internal Medicine V – Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Beisswenger
- Department of Internal Medicine V – Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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97
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Bowerman KL, Rehman SF, Vaughan A, Lachner N, Budden KF, Kim RY, Wood DLA, Gellatly SL, Shukla SD, Wood LG, Yang IA, Wark PA, Hugenholtz P, Hansbro PM. Disease-associated gut microbiome and metabolome changes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5886. [PMID: 33208745 PMCID: PMC7676259 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19701-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third commonest cause of death globally, and manifests as a progressive inflammatory lung disease with no curative treatment. The lung microbiome contributes to COPD progression, but the function of the gut microbiome remains unclear. Here we examine the faecal microbiome and metabolome of COPD patients and healthy controls, finding 146 bacterial species differing between the two groups. Several species, including Streptococcus sp000187445, Streptococcus vestibularis and multiple members of the family Lachnospiraceae, also correlate with reduced lung function. Untargeted metabolomics identifies a COPD signature comprising 46% lipid, 20% xenobiotic and 20% amino acid related metabolites. Furthermore, we describe a disease-associated network connecting Streptococcus parasanguinis_B with COPD-associated metabolites, including N-acetylglutamate and its analogue N-carbamoylglutamate. While correlative, our results suggest that the faecal microbiome and metabolome of COPD patients are distinct from those of healthy individuals, and may thus aid in the search for biomarkers for COPD. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressing disease, with lung but not gut microbiota implicated in its etiology. Here the authors compare the stool from patients with COPD and healthy controls to find specific gut bacteria and metabolites associated with active disease, thereby hinting at a potential role for the gut microbiome in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Bowerman
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Saima Firdous Rehman
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Annalicia Vaughan
- Thoracic Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, and Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nancy Lachner
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kurtis F Budden
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard Y Kim
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute & University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David L A Wood
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shaan L Gellatly
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Shakti D Shukla
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa G Wood
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian A Yang
- Thoracic Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, and Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter A Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip Hugenholtz
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia. .,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute & University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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98
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Dou Y, Li C, Li L, Guo J, Zhang J. Bioresponsive drug delivery systems for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. J Control Release 2020; 327:641-666. [PMID: 32911014 PMCID: PMC7476894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is intimately related to the pathogenesis of numerous acute and chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore anti-inflammatory therapy is a very promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of these inflammatory diseases. To overcome the shortcomings of existing anti-inflammatory agents and their traditional formulations, such as nonspecific tissue distribution and uncontrolled drug release, bioresponsive drug delivery systems have received much attention in recent years. In this review, we first provide a brief introduction of the pathogenesis of inflammation, with an emphasis on representative inflammatory cells and mediators in inflammatory microenvironments that serve as pathological fundamentals for rational design of bioresponsive carriers. Then we discuss different materials and delivery systems responsive to inflammation-associated biochemical signals, such as pH, reactive oxygen species, and specific enzymes. Also, applications of various bioresponsive drug delivery systems in the treatment of typical acute and chronic inflammatory diseases are described. Finally, crucial challenges in the future development and clinical translation of bioresponsive anti-inflammatory drug delivery systems are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Dou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chenwen Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jiawei Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jianxiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
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99
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Kim H, Yoo J, Lim YM, Kim EJ, Yoon BI, Kim P, Yu SD, Eom IC, Shim I. Comprehensive pulmonary toxicity assessment of cetylpyridinium chloride using A549 cells and Sprague-Dawley rats. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:470-482. [PMID: 33022792 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), a quaternary ammonium compound and cationic surfactant, is used in personal hygiene products such as toothpaste, mouthwash, and nasal spray. Although public exposure to CPC is frequent, its pulmonary toxicity has yet to be fully characterized. Due to high risks of CPC inhalation, we aimed to comprehensively elucidate the in vitro and in vivo toxicity of CPC. The results demonstrated that CPC is highly cytotoxic against the A549 cells with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) of 5.79 μg/ml. Following CPC exposure, via intratracheal instillation (ITI), leakage of lactate dehydrogenase, a biomarker of cell injury, was significantly increased in all exposure groups. Further, repeated exposure of rats to CPC for 28 days caused a decrease in body weight of the high-exposure group and the relative weights of the lungs and kidneys of the high recovery group, but no changes were evident in the histological and serum chemical analyses. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analysis showed a significant increase in proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels. ITI of CPC induced focal inflammation of the pulmonary parenchyma in rats' lungs. Our study demonstrated that TNF-α was the most commonly secreted proinflammatory cytokine during CPC exposure in both in vitro and in vivo models. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the BALF, which are indicators of pulmonary inflammation, significantly increased in a concentration-dependent manner in all in vivo studies including the ITI, acute, and subacute inhalation assays, demonstrating that PMNs are the most sensitive parameters of pulmonary toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haewon Kim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jean Yoo
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Mi Lim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Kim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Byung-Il Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Pilje Kim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Seung Do Yu
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Ig-Chun Eom
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Ilseob Shim
- Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, South Korea
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100
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Mejías JC, Nelson MR, Liseth O, Roy K. A 96-well format microvascularized human lung-on-a-chip platform for microphysiological modeling of fibrotic diseases. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3601-3611. [PMID: 32990704 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00644k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Development of organoids and microfluidic on-chip models has enabled studies of organ-level disease pathophysiologies in vitro. However, current lung-on-a-chip platforms are primarily monolayer epithelial-endothelial co-cultures, separated by a thin membrane, lacking microvasculature-networks or interstitial-fibroblasts. Here we report the design, microfabrication, and characterization of a unique microphysiological on-chip device that recapitulates the human lung interstitium-airway interface through a 3D vascular network, and normal or diseased fibroblasts encapsulated within a fibrin-collagen hydrogel underneath an airlifted airway epithelium. By incorporating fibroblasts from donors with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), or healthy-donor fibroblasts treated with TGF-β1, we successfully created a fibrotic, alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA)-positive disease phenotype which led to fibrosis-like transformation in club cells and ciliated cells in the airway. Using this device platform, we further modeled the cystic fibrosis (CF) epithelium and recruitment of neutrophils to the vascular networks. Our results suggest that this microphysiological model of the human lung could enable more pathophysiologically relevant studies of complex pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joscelyn C Mejías
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory, Marcus Center for Therapeutic Cell Characterization and Manufacturing (MCM3), Center for ImmunoEngineering, NSF ERC for Cell Manufacturing Technologies (CMaT), The Georgia Institute of Technology, EBB 3018, 950 Atlantic Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Michael R Nelson
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory, Marcus Center for Therapeutic Cell Characterization and Manufacturing (MCM3), Center for ImmunoEngineering, NSF ERC for Cell Manufacturing Technologies (CMaT), The Georgia Institute of Technology, EBB 3018, 950 Atlantic Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Olivia Liseth
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory, Marcus Center for Therapeutic Cell Characterization and Manufacturing (MCM3), Center for ImmunoEngineering, NSF ERC for Cell Manufacturing Technologies (CMaT), The Georgia Institute of Technology, EBB 3018, 950 Atlantic Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Krishnendu Roy
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory, Marcus Center for Therapeutic Cell Characterization and Manufacturing (MCM3), Center for ImmunoEngineering, NSF ERC for Cell Manufacturing Technologies (CMaT), The Georgia Institute of Technology, EBB 3018, 950 Atlantic Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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