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Balbinott N, Rodrigues NF, Guzman FL, Turchetto-Zolet AC, Margis R. Perspectives in Myrtaceae evolution from plastomes and nuclear phylogenies. Genet Mol Biol 2022; 45:e20210191. [PMID: 35088818 PMCID: PMC8796035 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2021-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Myrtaceae is a large and species-rich family of woody eudicots, with prevalent
distribution in the Southern Hemisphere. Classification and taxonomy of species
belonging to this family is quite challenging, sometimes with difficulty in
species identification and producing phylogenies with low support for species
relationships. Most of the current knowledge comes from few molecular markers,
such as plastid genes and intergenic regions, which can be difficult to handle
and produce conflicting results. Based on plastid protein-coding sequences and
nuclear markers, we present a topology for the phylogenetic relationships among
Myrtaceae tribes. Our phylogenetic estimate offers a contrasting topology over
previous analysis with fewer markers. Plastome phylogeny groups the tribes
Syzygieae and Eucalypteae and individual chloroplast genes produce divergent
topologies, especially among species within Myrteae tribe, but also in regard to
the grouping of Syzygieae and Eucalypteae. Results are consistent and
reproducible with both nuclear and organellar datasets. It confronts previous
data about the deep nodes of Myrtaceae phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Balbinott
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Frank Lino Guzman
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, Perú
| | | | - Rogerio Margis
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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52
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Wei R, Yang J, He LJ, Liu HM, Hu JY, Liang SQ, Wei XP, Zhao CF, Zhang XC. Plastid phylogenomics provides novel insights into the infrafamilial relationship of Polypodiaceae. Cladistics 2021; 37:717-727. [PMID: 34841589 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The polygrammoids (Polypodiaceae) are the most species-rich and diversified epiphytic fern lineages, and hold an important role to understand the deep diverging events and rapid adaptation to changing environments in the plant tree of life. Despite progress in the phylogeny of this group of ferns in previous multilocus phylogenetic studies, uncertainty remains especially in backbone relationships among closely related clades, and the phylogenetic placement of recalcitrant species or lineages. Here, we investigated the deep phylogenetic relationships within Polypodiaceae by sampling all major lineages and using 81 plastid genomes (plastomes), of which 70 plastomes were newly sequenced with high-throughput sequencing technology. Based on parsimony, maximum-likelihood, Bayesian and multispecies coalescent analyses of genome skimming data, we achieved a better resolution of the backbone phylogeny of Polypodiaceae. Using simulated data matrices, we detected that potential phylogenetic artefacts, such as long-branch attraction and insufficient taxonomic sampling, may have a confounding impact on the incongruence of phylogenetic inferences. Furthermore, our phylogenetic analyses offer greater resolution than previous multilocus studies, providing a robust framework for future phylogenetic implications on the subfamilial taxonomy of Polypodiaceae. Our phylogenomic study not only demonstrates the advantage of a character-rich plastome dataset for resolving the recalcitrant lineages that have undergone rapid radiation, but also sheds new light on integrative explorations understanding the evolutionary history of large fern groups in the genomic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li-Juan He
- Xiamen Overseas Chinese Subtropical Plant Introduction Garden/Plant Introduction & Quarantine and Plant Product Key Laboratory of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian, 361002, China
| | - Hong-Mei Liu
- Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Jia-Yu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Si-Qi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xue-Ping Wei
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Cun-Feng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xian-Chun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
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53
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Lemnaceae and Orontiaceae Are Phylogenetically and Morphologically Distinct from Araceae. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10122639. [PMID: 34961110 PMCID: PMC8704351 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Duckweeds comprise a distinctive clade of pleustophytic monocots that traditionally has been classified as the family Lemnaceae. However, molecular evidence has called into question their phylogenetic independence, with some authors asserting instead that duckweeds should be reclassified as subfamily Lemnoideae of an expanded family Araceae. Although a close phylogenetic relationship of duckweeds with traditional Araceae has been supported by multiple studies, the taxonomic disposition of duckweeds must be evaluated more critically to promote nomenclatural stability and utility. Subsuming duckweeds as a morphologically incongruent lineage of Araceae effectively eliminates the family category of Lemnaceae that has been widely used for many years. Instead, we suggest that Araceae subfamily Orontioideae should be restored to family status as Orontiaceae, which thereby would enable the recognition of three morphologically and phylogenetically distinct lineages: Araceae, Lemnaceae, and Orontiaceae.
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54
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Irisarri I, Darienko T, Pröschold T, Fürst-Jansen JMR, Jamy M, de Vries J. Unexpected cryptic species among streptophyte algae most distant to land plants. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20212168. [PMID: 34814752 PMCID: PMC8611356 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptophytes are one of the major groups of the green lineage (Chloroplastida or Viridiplantae). During one billion years of evolution, streptophytes have radiated into an astounding diversity of uni- and multicellular green algae as well as land plants. Most divergent from land plants is a clade formed by Mesostigmatophyceae, Spirotaenia spp. and Chlorokybophyceae. All three lineages are species-poor and the Chlorokybophyceae consist of a single described species, Chlorokybus atmophyticus. In this study, we used phylogenomic analyses to shed light into the diversity within Chlorokybus using a sampling of isolates across its known distribution. We uncovered a consistent deep genetic structure within the Chlorokybus isolates, which prompted us to formally extend the Chlorokybophyceae by describing four new species. Gene expression differences among Chlorokybus species suggest certain constitutive variability that might influence their response to environmental factors. Failure to account for this diversity can hamper comparative genomic studies aiming to understand the evolution of stress response across streptophytes. Our data highlight that future studies on the evolution of plant form and function can tap into an unknown diversity at key deep branches of the streptophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker Irisarri
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen, Goldschmidstrasse 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), University of Goettingen, Goldschmidstrasse 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tatyana Darienko
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen, Goldschmidstrasse 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute of Plant Sciences, Experimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae, University of Goettingen, Nikolausberger Weg 18, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pröschold
- Research Department for Limnology, Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck, Mondseestrasse 9, 5310 Mondsee, Austria
| | - Janine M. R. Fürst-Jansen
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen, Goldschmidstrasse 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mahwash Jamy
- Department of Organismal Biology, Program in Systematic Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan de Vries
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen, Goldschmidstrasse 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), University of Goettingen, Goldschmidstrasse 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Applied Bioinformatics, University of Goettingen, Goldschmidstrasse 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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55
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Li HT, Luo Y, Gan L, Ma PF, Gao LM, Yang JB, Cai J, Gitzendanner MA, Fritsch PW, Zhang T, Jin JJ, Zeng CX, Wang H, Yu WB, Zhang R, van der Bank M, Olmstead RG, Hollingsworth PM, Chase MW, Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Yi TS, Li DZ. Plastid phylogenomic insights into relationships of all flowering plant families. BMC Biol 2021; 19:232. [PMID: 34711223 PMCID: PMC8555322 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01166-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flowering plants (angiosperms) are dominant components of global terrestrial ecosystems, but phylogenetic relationships at the familial level and above remain only partially resolved, greatly impeding our full understanding of their evolution and early diversification. The plastome, typically mapped as a circular genome, has been the most important molecular data source for plant phylogeny reconstruction for decades. RESULTS Here, we assembled by far the largest plastid dataset of angiosperms, composed of 80 genes from 4792 plastomes of 4660 species in 2024 genera representing all currently recognized families. Our phylogenetic tree (PPA II) is essentially congruent with those of previous plastid phylogenomic analyses but generally provides greater clade support. In the PPA II tree, 75% of nodes at or above the ordinal level and 78% at or above the familial level were resolved with high bootstrap support (BP ≥ 90). We obtained strong support for many interordinal and interfamilial relationships that were poorly resolved previously within the core eudicots, such as Dilleniales, Saxifragales, and Vitales being resolved as successive sisters to the remaining rosids, and Santalales, Berberidopsidales, and Caryophyllales as successive sisters to the asterids. However, the placement of magnoliids, although resolved as sister to all other Mesangiospermae, is not well supported and disagrees with topologies inferred from nuclear data. Relationships among the five major clades of Mesangiospermae remain intractable despite increased sampling, probably due to an ancient rapid radiation. CONCLUSIONS We provide the most comprehensive dataset of plastomes to date and a well-resolved phylogenetic tree, which together provide a strong foundation for future evolutionary studies of flowering plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tao Li
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Lu Gan
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Peng-Fei Ma
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Lian-Ming Gao
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- Lijiang Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lijiang, 674100, Yunnan, China
| | - Jun-Bo Yang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Jie Cai
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Matthew A Gitzendanner
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Peter W Fritsch
- Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 1700 University Drive, Fort Worth, TX, 76017, USA
| | - Ting Zhang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Jian-Jun Jin
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10025, USA
| | - Chun-Xia Zeng
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Wen-Bin Yu
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Michelle van der Bank
- Department of Botany & Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, Gauteng, 2006, South Africa
| | - Richard G Olmstead
- Department of Biology and Burke Museum, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-5325, USA
| | | | - Mark W Chase
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS, England, UK
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Douglas E Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Pamela S Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Ting-Shuang Yi
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
| | - De-Zhu Li
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
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Trad RJ, Cabral FN, Bittrich V, Silva SRD, Amaral MDCED. Calophyllaceae plastomes, their structure and insights in relationships within the clusioids. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20712. [PMID: 34671062 PMCID: PMC8528878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A complete chloroplast genome is not yet available for numerous species of plants. Among the groups that lack plastome information is the clusioid clade (Malpighiales), which includes five families: Bonnetiaceae, Calophyllaceae, Clusiaceae, Hypericaceae, and Podostemaceae. With around 2200 species, it has few published plastomes and most of them are from Podostemaceae. Here we assembled and compared six plastomes from members of the clusioids: five from Calophyllaceae (newly sequenced) and one from Clusiaceae. Putative regions for evolutionary studies were identified and the newly assembled chloroplasts were analyzed with other available chloroplasts for the group, focusing on Calophyllaceae. Our results mostly agree with recent studies which found a general conserved structure, except for the two Podostemaceae species that have a large inversion (trnK-UUU–rbcL) and lack one intron from ycf3. Within Calophyllaceae we observed a longer LSC and reduced IRs in Mahurea exstipulata, resulting in some genic rearrangement, and a short inversion (psbJ–psbE) in Kielmeyera coriacea. Phylogenetic analyses recovered the clusioids and the five families as monophyletic and revealed that conflicts in relationships reported in the literature for the group agree with nodes concentrating uninformative or conflicting gene trees. Our study brings new insights about clusioid plastome architecture and its evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Jorge Trad
- Department of Plant Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), CP 6109, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil. .,Macroecology Lab @ J3-166, Institute of Biological Sciences - ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Campinas, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Nunes Cabral
- Departamento de Ciências e Linguagens, Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais - Campus Bambuí, Bambuí, MG, 38900-000, Brazil
| | - Volker Bittrich
- Volker Bittrich is an independent scientist, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Saura Rodrigues da Silva
- Department of Technology, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Campus Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
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The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Rubus hirsutus Thunb. and a comparative analysis within Rubus species. Genetica 2021; 149:299-311. [PMID: 34546501 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-021-00131-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Rubus hirsutus is a type of tonifying kidney-essence herb that belongs to the Rosaceae family, and has been commonly used to treat multiple diseases, such as polyuria, impotence, and infertility. In this study, we determined the complete chloroplast sequence of R. hirsutus and conduced a comparative analysis within the genus Rubus. The assembled chloroplast (cp.) genome is 156,380 bp in length with a GC content of 37.0% and shares a conserved quadripartite structure within the other cp. genomes in this genus. A total of 132 unique genes were annotated in the cp. genome of R. hirsutus, which contained 87 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNAs, and eight rRNAs. Seventeen duplicated genes were identified in the inverted repeats region. Furthermore, 70 simple sequence repeats and 35 long repeats were detected in total in the R. hirsutus chloroplast genome. Eight mutational hotspots were identified in the cp. genome of this species with higher nucleotide variations in non-coding regions than those of coding regions. Furthermore, the gene order, codon usage, and repeat sequence distribution were highly consistent in Rubus according to the results of a comparative analysis. A phylogenetic analysis indicated that there was a sister relationship between R. hirsutus and R. chingii. Overall, the complete chloroplast genome of R. hirsutus and the comparative analysis will help to further the evolutionary study, conservation, phylogenetic reconstruction, and development of molecular barcodes for the genus Rubus.
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58
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Slater B, Kosmützky D, Nisbet RER, Howe CJ. The Evolution of the Cytochrome c6 Family of Photosynthetic Electron Transfer Proteins. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 13:evab146. [PMID: 34165554 PMCID: PMC8358224 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evab146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During photosynthesis, electrons are transferred between the cytochrome b6f complex and photosystem I. This is carried out by the protein plastocyanin in plant chloroplasts, or by either plastocyanin or cytochrome c6 in many cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algal species. There are three further cytochrome c6 homologs: cytochrome c6A in plants and green algae, and cytochromes c6B and c6C in cyanobacteria. The function of these proteins is unknown. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the evolutionary relationship between the members of the cytochrome c6 family in photosynthetic organisms. Our phylogenetic analyses show that cytochromes c6B and c6C are likely to be orthologs that arose from a duplication of cytochrome c6, but that there is no evidence for separate origins for cytochromes c6B and c6C. We therefore propose renaming cytochrome c6C as cytochrome c6B. We show that cytochrome c6A is likely to have arisen from cytochrome c6B rather than by an independent duplication of cytochrome c6, and present evidence for an independent origin of a protein with some of the features of cytochrome c6A in peridinin dinoflagellates. We conclude with a new comprehensive model of the evolution of the cytochrome c6 family which is an integral part of understanding the function of the enigmatic cytochrome c6 homologs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnaby Slater
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Darius Kosmützky
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - R Ellen R Nisbet
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Li X, Zhao Y, Tu X, Li C, Zhu Y, Zhong H, Liu ZJ, Wu S, Zhai J. Comparative analysis of plastomes in Oxalidaceae: Phylogenetic relationships and potential molecular markers. PLANT DIVERSITY 2021; 43:281-291. [PMID: 34485770 PMCID: PMC8390927 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The wood sorrel family, Oxalidaceae, is mainly composed of annual or perennial herbs, a few shrubs, and trees distributed from temperate to tropical zones. Members of Oxalidaceae are of high medicinal, ornamental, and economic value. Despite the rich diversity and value of Oxalidaceae, few molecular markers or plastomes are available for phylogenetic analysis of the family. Here, we reported four new whole plastomes of Oxalidaceae and compared them with plastomes of three species in the family, as well as the plastome of Rourea microphylla in the closely related family Connaraceae. The eight plastomes ranged in length from 150,673 bp (Biophytum sensitivum) to 156,609 bp (R. microphylla). Genome annotations revealed a total of 129-131 genes, including 83-84 protein-coding genes, eight rRNA genes, 37 tRNA genes, and two to three pseudogenes. Comparative analyses showed that the plastomes of these species have minor variations at the gene level. The smaller plastomes of herbs B. sensitivum and three Oxalis species are associated with variations in IR region sizes, intergenic region variation, and gene or intron loss. We identified sequences with high variation that may serve as molecular markers in taxonomic studies of Oxalidaceae. The phylogenetic trees of selected superrosid representatives based on 76 protein-coding genes corroborated the Oxalidaceae position in Oxalidales and supported it as a sister to Connaraceae. Our research also supported the monophyly of the COM (Celastrales, Oxalidales, and Malpighiales) clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yamei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiongde Tu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chengru Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yating Zhu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hui Zhong
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhong-Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shasha Wu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Junwen Zhai
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Zumajo-Cardona C, Ambrose BA. Deciphering the evolution of the ovule genetic network through expression analyses in Gnetum gnemon. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 128:217-230. [PMID: 33959756 PMCID: PMC8324035 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The ovule is a synapomorphy of all seed plants (gymnosperms and angiosperms); however, there are some striking differences in ovules among the major seed plant lineages, such as the number of integuments or the orientation of the ovule. The genetics involved in ovule development have been well studied in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana, which has two integuments and anatropous orientation. This study is approached from what is known in arabidopsis, focusing on the expression patterns of homologues of four genes known to be key for the proper development of the integuments in arabidopsis: AINTEGUMENTA (ANT), BELL1, (BEL1), KANADIs (KANs) and UNICORN (UCN). METHODS We used histology to describe the morphoanatomical development from ovules to seeds in Gnetum gnemon. We carried out spatiotemporal expression analyses in G. gnemon, a gymnosperm, which has a unique ovule morphology with an integument covering the nucellus, two additional envelopes where the outermost becomes fleshy as the seed matures, and an orthotropous orientation. KEY RESULTS Our anatomical and developmental descriptions provide a framework for expression analyses in the ovule of G. gnemon. Our expression results show that although ANT, KAN and UCN homologues are expressed in the inner integument, their spatiotemporal patterns differ from those found in angiosperms. Furthermore, all homologues studied here are expressed in the nucellus, revealing major differences in seed plants. Finally, no expression of the studied homologues was detected in the outer envelopes. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these analyses provide significant comparative data that allows us to better understand the functional evolution of these gene lineages, providing a compelling framework for evolutionary and developmental studies of seeds. Our findings suggest that these genes were most likely recruited from the sporangium development network and became restricted to the integuments of angiosperm ovules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Zumajo-Cardona
- New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY, USA
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barbara A Ambrose
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- For correspondence. E-mail
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Singh NV, Patil PG, Sowjanya RP, Parashuram S, Natarajan P, Babu KD, Pal RK, Sharma J, Reddy UK. Chloroplast Genome Sequencing, Comparative Analysis, and Discovery of Unique Cytoplasmic Variants in Pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.). Front Genet 2021; 12:704075. [PMID: 34394192 PMCID: PMC8356083 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.704075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report on comprehensive chloroplast (cp) genome analysis of 16 pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) genotypes representing commercial cultivars, ornamental and wild types, through large-scale sequencing and assembling using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Comparative genome analysis revealed that the size of cp genomes varied from 158,593 bp (in wild, “1201” and “1181”) to 158,662 bp (cultivar, “Gul-e-Shah Red”) among the genotypes, with characteristic quadripartite structures separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs). The higher conservation for the total number of coding and non-coding genes (rRNA and tRNA) and their sizes, and IRs (IR-A and IR-B) were observed across all the cp genomes. Interestingly, high variations were observed in sizes of large single copy (LSC, 88,976 to 89,044 bp) and small single copy (SSC, 18,682 to 18,684 bp) regions. Although, the structural organization of newly assembled cp genomes were comparable to that of previously reported cp genomes of pomegranate (“Helow,” “Tunisia,” and “Bhagawa”), the striking differences were observed with the Lagerstroemia lines, viz., Lagerstroemia intermedia (NC_0346620) and Lagerstroemia speciosa (NC_031414), which clearly confirmed previous findings. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis also revealed that members outside the genus Punica were clubbed into a separate clade. The contraction and expansion analysis revealed that the structural variations in IRs, LSC, and SSC have significantly accounted for the evolution of cp genomes of Punica and L. intermedia over the periods. Microsatellite survey across cp genomes resulted in the identification of a total of 233 to 234 SSRs, with majority of them being mono- (A/T or C/G, 164–165 numbers), followed by di- (AT/AT or AG/CT, 54), tri- (6), tetra- (8), and pentanucleotides (1). Furthermore, the comparative structural variant analyses across cp genomes resulted in the identification of many varietal specific SNP/indel markers. In summary, our study has offered a successful development of large-scale cp genomics resources to leverage future genetic, taxonomical, and phylogenetic studies in pomegranate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roopa P Sowjanya
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate (NRCP), Solapur, India
| | | | - Purushothaman Natarajan
- Gus R. Douglass Institute and Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, West Virginia, WV, United States
| | | | - Ram Krishna Pal
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate (NRCP), Solapur, India
| | - Jyotsana Sharma
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate (NRCP), Solapur, India
| | - Umesh K Reddy
- Gus R. Douglass Institute and Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, West Virginia, WV, United States
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62
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Jia H, Aadland K, Kolaczkowski O, Kolaczkowski B. Direct molecular evidence for an ancient, conserved developmental toolkit controlling post-transcriptional gene regulation in land plants. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:4765-4777. [PMID: 34196710 PMCID: PMC8557471 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, miRNA production is orchestrated by a suite of proteins that control transcription of the pri-miRNA gene, post-transcriptional processing and nuclear export of the mature miRNA. Post-transcriptional processing of miRNAs is controlled by a pair of physically interacting proteins, hyponastic leaves 1 (HYL1) and Dicer-like 1 (DCL1). However, the evolutionary history and structural basis of the HYL1–DCL1 interaction is unknown. Here we use ancestral sequence reconstruction and functional characterization of ancestral HYL1 in vitro and in Arabidopsis thaliana to better understand the origin and evolution of the HYL1–DCL1 interaction and its impact on miRNA production and plant development. We found the ancestral plant HYL1 evolved high affinity for both double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and its DCL1 partner before the divergence of mosses from seed plants (∼500 Ma), and these high-affinity interactions remained largely conserved throughout plant evolutionary history. Structural modeling and molecular binding experiments suggest that the second of two dsRNA-binding motifs (DSRMs) in HYL1 may interact tightly with the first of two C-terminal DCL1 DSRMs to mediate the HYL1–DCL1 physical interaction necessary for efficient miRNA production. Transgenic expression of the nearly 200 Ma-old ancestral flowering-plant HYL1 in A. thaliana was sufficient to rescue many key aspects of plant development disrupted by HYL1− knockout and restored near-native miRNA production, suggesting that the functional partnership of HYL1–DCL1 originated very early in and was strongly conserved throughout the evolutionary history of terrestrial plants. Overall, our results are consistent with a model in which miRNA-based gene regulation evolved as part of a conserved plant “developmental toolkit.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Jia
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Kelsey Aadland
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | - Oralia Kolaczkowski
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Bryan Kolaczkowski
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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63
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Dong PB, Wang RN, Afzal N, Liu ML, Yue M, Liu JN, Tan JL, Li ZH. Phylogenetic relationships and molecular evolution of woody forest tree family Aceraceae based on plastid phylogenomics and nuclear gene variations. Genomics 2021; 113:2365-2376. [PMID: 34051325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The forest tree family Aceraceae is widespread in the northern hemisphere and it has ecological and economic importance. However, the phylogenetic relationships and classifications within the family are still controversial due to transitional intraspecific morphological characteristics and introgression hybridization among species. In this study, we determined the evolutionary relationships and molecular evolution of Aceraceae based on plastid phylogenomics and two nuclear gene variations. Phylogenetic analysis based on the plastid genomes suggested that Aceraceae species can be divided into two larger sub-clades corresponding to the two genera Acer and Dipteronia. Conjoint analysis of the plastid and nuclear gene sequences supported the classification with two genera in the family. Molecular dating showed that the two genera diverged 60.2 million years ago, which is generally consistently with previously reported results. Divergence hotspots and positively selected genes identified in the plastid genomes could be useful genetic resources in Aceraceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Bin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Ruo-Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Nawal Afzal
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Mi-Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Ming Yue
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jian-Ni Liu
- Early Life Institute, State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jiang-Li Tan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Zhong-Hu Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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Su D, Yang L, Shi X, Ma X, Zhou X, Hedges SB, Zhong B. Large-Scale Phylogenomic Analyses Reveal the Monophyly of Bryophytes and Neoproterozoic Origin of Land Plants. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:3332-3344. [PMID: 33871608 PMCID: PMC8321542 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationships among the four major embryophyte lineages (mosses, liverworts, hornworts, vascular plants) and the timing of the origin of land plants are enigmatic problems in plant evolution. Here, we resolve the monophyly of bryophytes by improving taxon sampling of hornworts and eliminating the effect of synonymous substitutions. We then estimate the divergence time of crown embryophytes based on three fossil calibration strategies, and reveal that maximum calibration constraints have a major effect on estimating the time of origin of land plants. Moreover, comparison of priors and posteriors provides a guide for evaluating the optimal calibration strategy. By considering the reliability of fossil calibrations and the influences of molecular data, we estimate that land plants originated in the Precambrian (980–682 Ma), much older than widely recognized. Our study highlights the important contribution of molecular data when faced with contentious fossil evidence, and that fossil calibrations used in estimating the timescale of plant evolution require critical scrutiny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyan Su
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingxiao Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuan Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoya Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - S Blair Hedges
- Center for Biodiversity, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bojian Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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65
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Naake T, Maeda HA, Proost S, Tohge T, Fernie AR. Kingdom-wide analysis of the evolution of the plant type III polyketide synthase superfamily. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:857-875. [PMID: 33793871 PMCID: PMC8133574 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of type III polyketide synthases (PKSs) was a prerequisite for the conquest of land by the green lineage. Within the PKS superfamily, chalcone synthases (CHSs) provide the entry point reaction to the flavonoid pathway, while LESS ADHESIVE POLLEN 5 and 6 (LAP5/6) provide constituents of the outer exine pollen wall. To study the deep evolutionary history of this key family, we conducted phylogenomic synteny network and phylogenetic analyses of whole-genome data from 126 species spanning the green lineage including Arabidopsis thaliana, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and maize (Zea mays). This study thereby combined study of genomic location and context with changes in gene sequences. We found that the two major clades, CHS and LAP5/6 homologs, evolved early by a segmental duplication event prior to the divergence of Bryophytes and Tracheophytes. We propose that the macroevolution of the type III PKS superfamily is governed by whole-genome duplications and triplications. The combined phylogenetic and synteny analyses in this study provide insights into changes in the genomic location and context that are retained for a longer time scale with more recent functional divergence captured by gene sequence alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Naake
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hiroshi A Maeda
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Sebastian Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Campus Gasthuisberg, Rega Instituut, Herestraat, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Author for communication:
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66
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Spielman SJ. Relative Model Fit Does Not Predict Topological Accuracy in Single-Gene Protein Phylogenetics. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 37:2110-2123. [PMID: 32191313 PMCID: PMC7306691 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is regarded as best practice in phylogenetic reconstruction to perform relative model selection to determine an appropriate evolutionary model for the data. This procedure ranks a set of candidate models according to their goodness of fit to the data, commonly using an information theoretic criterion. Users then specify the best-ranking model for inference. Although it is often assumed that better-fitting models translate to increase accuracy, recent studies have shown that the specific model employed may not substantially affect inferences. We examine whether there is a systematic relationship between relative model fit and topological inference accuracy in protein phylogenetics, using simulations and real sequences. Simulations employed site-heterogeneous mechanistic codon models that are distinct from protein-level phylogenetic inference models, allowing us to investigate how protein models performs when they are misspecified to the data, as will be the case for any real sequence analysis. We broadly find that phylogenies inferred across models with vastly different fits to the data produce highly consistent topologies. We additionally find that all models infer similar proportions of false-positive splits, raising the possibility that all available models of protein evolution are similarly misspecified. Moreover, we find that the parameter-rich GTR (general time reversible) model, whose amino acid exchangeabilities are free parameters, performs similarly to models with fixed exchangeabilities, although the inference precision associated with GTR models was not examined. We conclude that, although relative model selection may not hinder phylogenetic analysis on protein data, it may not offer specific predictable improvements and is not a reliable proxy for accuracy.
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67
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Plastid genomes and phylogenomics of liverworts (Marchantiophyta): Conserved genome structure but highest relative plastid substitution rate in land plants. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 161:107171. [PMID: 33798674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
With some 7300 species of small nonvascular spore-producing plants, liverworts represent one of the major lineages of land plants. Although multi-locus molecular phylogenetic studies have elucidated relationships of liverworts at different taxonomic categories, the backbone phylogeny of liverworts is still to be fully resolved, especially for the placement of Ptilidiales and the relationships within Jungermanniales and Marchantiales. Here, we provided phylogenomic inferences of liverworts based on 42 newly sequenced and 24 published liverwort plastid genomes representing all but two orders of liverworts, and characterized the evolution of the plastome in liverworts. The structure of the plastid genome is overall conserved across the phylogeny of liverworts, with only two structural variants detected from simple thalloids, besides 18 out of 43 liverwort genera showing intron variations in their plastomes. Complex thalloid liverworts maintain the most plastid genes, and seem to undergo fewer gene deletions and pseudogenization events than other liverworts. Plastid phylogenetic inferences yielded mostly robustly supported relationships, and consistently resolved Ptilidiales as the sister to Porellales. The relative ratio of silent substitutions across the three genetic compartments (i.e., 1:15:10, for mitochondrial:plastid:nuclear) suggests that liverwort plastid genes have the potential to evolve faster than their nuclear counterparts, unlike in any other major land plant lineages where the mutation rate of nuclear genes overwhelm those of their plastid and mitochondrial counterparts.
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68
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Ali MA. Phylotranscriptomic analysis of Dillenia indica L. (Dilleniales, Dilleniaceae) and its systematics implication. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:1557-1560. [PMID: 33732040 PMCID: PMC7938110 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent massive development in the next-generation sequencing platforms and bioinformatics tools including cloud based computing have proven extremely useful in understanding the deeper-level phylogenetic relationships of angiosperms. The present phylotranscriptomic analyses address the poorly known evolutionary relationships of the order Dilleniales to order of the other angiosperms using the minimum evolution method. The analyses revealed the nesting of the representative taxon of Dilleniales in the MPT but distinct from the representative of the order Santalales, Caryophyllales, Asterales, Cornales, Ericales, Lamiales, Saxifragales, Fabales, Malvales, Vitales and Berberidopsidales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ajmal Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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69
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Daniell H, Jin S, Zhu X, Gitzendanner MA, Soltis DE, Soltis PS. Green giant-a tiny chloroplast genome with mighty power to produce high-value proteins: history and phylogeny. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:430-447. [PMID: 33484606 PMCID: PMC7955891 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Free-living cyanobacteria were entrapped by eukaryotic cells ~2 billion years ago, ultimately giving rise to chloroplasts. After a century of debate, the presence of chloroplast DNA was demonstrated in the 1960s. The first chloroplast genomes were sequenced in the 1980s, followed by ~100 vegetable, fruit, cereal, beverage, oil and starch/sugar crop chloroplast genomes in the past three decades. Foreign genes were expressed in isolated chloroplasts or intact plant cells in the late 1980s and stably integrated into chloroplast genomes, with typically maternal inheritance shown in the 1990s. Since then, chloroplast genomes conferred the highest reported levels of tolerance or resistance to biotic or abiotic stress. Although launching products with agronomic traits in important crops using this concept has been elusive, commercial products developed include enzymes used in everyday life from processing fruit juice, to enhancing water absorption of cotton fibre or removal of stains as laundry detergents and in dye removal in the textile industry. Plastid genome sequences have revealed the framework of green plant phylogeny as well as the intricate history of plastid genome transfer events to other eukaryotes. Discordant historical signals among plastid genes suggest possible variable constraints across the plastome and further understanding and mitigation of these constraints may yield new opportunities for bioengineering. In this review, we trace the evolutionary history of chloroplasts, status of autonomy and recent advances in products developed for everyday use or those advanced to the clinic, including treatment of COVID-19 patients and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Daniell
- Department of Basic and Translational SciencesSchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Shuangxia Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xin‐Guang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics and Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | | | - Douglas E. Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History and Department of BiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Pamela S. Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
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Dong S, Liu M, Liu Y, Chen F, Yang T, Chen L, Zhang X, Guo X, Fang D, Li L, Deng T, Yao Z, Lang X, Gong Y, Wu E, Wang Y, Shen Y, Gong X, Liu H, Zhang S. The genome of Magnolia biondii Pamp. provides insights into the evolution of Magnoliales and biosynthesis of terpenoids. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:38. [PMID: 33642574 PMCID: PMC7917104 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00471-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Magnolia biondii Pamp. (Magnoliaceae, magnoliids) is a phylogenetically, economically, and medicinally important ornamental tree species widely grown and cultivated in the north-temperate regions of China. Determining the genome sequence of M. biondii would help resolve the phylogenetic uncertainty of magnoliids and improve the understanding of individual trait evolution within the Magnolia genus. We assembled a chromosome-level reference genome of M. biondii using ~67, ~175, and ~154 Gb of raw DNA sequences generated via Pacific Biosciences single-molecule real-time sequencing, 10X Genomics Chromium, and Hi-C scaffolding strategies, respectively. The final genome assembly was ~2.22 Gb, with a contig N50 value of 269.11 kb and a BUSCO complete gene percentage of 91.90%. Approximately 89.17% of the genome was organized into 19 chromosomes, resulting in a scaffold N50 of 92.86 Mb. The genome contained 47,547 protein-coding genes, accounting for 23.47% of the genome length, whereas 66.48% of the genome length consisted of repetitive elements. We confirmed a WGD event that occurred very close to the time of the split between the Magnoliales and Laurales. Functional enrichment of the Magnolia-specific and expanded gene families highlighted genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, plant-pathogen interactions, and responses to stimuli, which may improve the ecological fitness and biological adaptability of the lineage. Phylogenomic analyses revealed a sister relationship of magnoliids and Chloranthaceae, which are sister to a clade comprising monocots and eudicots. The genome sequence of M. biondii could lead to trait improvement, germplasm conservation, and evolutionary studies on the rapid radiation of early angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Dong
- Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518004, China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Ting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518004, China
| | - Xingtan Zhang
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Xing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Dongming Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Linzhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Tian Deng
- Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518004, China
| | - Zhangxiu Yao
- Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518004, China
| | - Xiaoan Lang
- Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518004, China
| | - Yiqing Gong
- Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518004, China
| | - Ernest Wu
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
| | - Yaling Wang
- Xi'an Botanical Garden, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yamei Shen
- Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Xun Gong
- Kunming Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Shouzhou Zhang
- Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518004, China.
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Folk RA, Kates HR, LaFrance R, Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Guralnick RP. High-throughput methods for efficiently building massive phylogenies from natural history collections. APPLICATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCES 2021; 9:e11410. [PMID: 33680581 PMCID: PMC7910806 DOI: 10.1002/aps3.11410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Large phylogenetic data sets have often been restricted to small numbers of loci from GenBank, and a vetted sampling-to-sequencing phylogenomic protocol scaling to thousands of species is not yet available. Here, we report a high-throughput collections-based approach that empowers researchers to explore more branches of the tree of life with numerous loci. METHODS We developed an integrated Specimen-to-Laboratory Information Management System (SLIMS), connecting sampling and wet lab efforts with progress tracking at each stage. Using unique identifiers encoded in QR codes and a taxonomic database, a research team can sample herbarium specimens, efficiently record the sampling event, and capture specimen images. After sampling in herbaria, images are uploaded to a citizen science platform for metadata generation, and tissue samples are moved through a simple, high-throughput, plate-based herbarium DNA extraction and sequencing protocol. RESULTS We applied this sampling-to-sequencing workflow to ~15,000 species, producing for the first time a data set with ~50% taxonomic representation of the "nitrogen-fixing clade" of angiosperms. DISCUSSION The approach we present is appropriate at any taxonomic scale and is extensible to other collection types. The widespread use of large-scale sampling strategies repositions herbaria as accessible but largely untapped resources for broad taxonomic sampling with thousands of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. Folk
- Department of Biological SciencesMississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMississippiUSA
| | - Heather R. Kates
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Raphael LaFrance
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Douglas E. Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Genetics InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Biodiversity InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Pamela S. Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Genetics InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Biodiversity InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Robert P. Guralnick
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Biodiversity InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
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72
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Liu H, Lyu HM, Zhu K, de Peer YV, Cheng ZM(M. The emergence and evolution of intron-poor and intronless genes in intron-rich plant gene families. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:1072-1082. [PMID: 33217085 PMCID: PMC7116809 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic genes can be classified into intronless (no introns), intron-poor (three or fewer introns per gene) or intron-rich. Early eukaryotic genes were mostly intron-rich, and their alternative splicing into multiple transcripts, giving rise to different proteins, might have played pivotal roles in adaptation and evolution. Interestingly, extant plant genomes contain many gene families with one or sometimes few sub-families with genes that are intron-poor or intronless, and it remains unknown when and how these intron-poor or intronless genes have originated and evolved, and what their possible functions are. In this study, we identified 33 such gene families that contained intronless and intron-poor sub-families. Intronless genes seemed to have first emerged in early land plant evolution, while intron-poor sub-families seemed first to have appeared in green algae. In contrast to intron-rich genes, intronless genes in intron-poor sub-families occurred later, and were subject to stronger functional constraints. Based on RNA-seq analyses in Arabidopsis and rice, intronless or intron-poor genes in AP2, EF-hand_7, bZIP, FAD_binding_4, STE_STE11, CAMK_CAMKL-CHK1 and C2 gene families were more likely to play a role in response to drought and salt stress, compared with intron-rich genes in the same gene families, whereas intronless genes in the B_lectin and S_locus_glycop gene family were more likely to participate in epigenetic processes and plant development. Understanding the origin and evolutionary trajectory, as well as the potential functions, of intronless and intron-poor sub-families provides further insight into plant genome evolution and the functional divergence of genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hai-Meng Lyu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kaikai Zhu
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Zong-Ming (Max) Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996, USA
- Corresponding author (, )
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73
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Galbraith D, Loureiro J, Antoniadi I, Bainard J, Bureš P, Cápal P, Castro M, Castro S, Čertner M, Čertnerová D, Chumová Z, Doležel J, Giorgi D, Husband BC, Kolář F, Koutecký P, Kron P, Leitch IJ, Ljung K, Lopes S, Lučanová M, Lucretti S, Ma W, Melzer S, Molnár I, Novák O, Poulton N, Skalický V, Sliwinska E, Šmarda P, Smith TW, Sun G, Talhinhas P, Tárnok A, Temsch EM, Trávníček P, Urfus T. Best practices in plant cytometry. Cytometry A 2021; 99:311-317. [PMID: 33398930 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Galbraith
- School of Plant Sciences, BIO5 Institute, Arizona Cancer Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, Henan University, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Kaifeng, China
| | - João Loureiro
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ioanna Antoniadi
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jillian Bainard
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Petr Bureš
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, CZ, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Cápal
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Mariana Castro
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Castro
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Martin Čertner
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Dora Čertnerová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Chumová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Debora Giorgi
- Green Biotechnology Laboratory, Biotechnology and Agroindustry Division, Casaccia Research Center, ENEA - Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
| | - Brian C Husband
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Filip Kolář
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Koutecký
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Paul Kron
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ilia J Leitch
- Department of Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Richmond, UK
| | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sara Lopes
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Magdalena Lučanová
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Průhonice, Czech Republic.,Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Sergio Lucretti
- Green Biotechnology Laboratory, Biotechnology and Agroindustry Division, Casaccia Research Center, ENEA - Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
| | - Wen Ma
- School of Plant Sciences, BIO5 Institute, Arizona Cancer Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, Henan University, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Kaifeng, China
| | - Susanne Melzer
- Clinical Trial Centre Leipzig, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - István Molnár
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.,Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Nicole Poulton
- Center for Aquatic Cytometry, Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, Maine, USA
| | - Vladimír Skalický
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Elwira Sliwinska
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cytometry, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, UTP University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Petr Šmarda
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, CZ, Czech Republic
| | - Tyler W Smith
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guiling Sun
- School of Plant Sciences, BIO5 Institute, Arizona Cancer Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, Henan University, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Kaifeng, China
| | - Pedro Talhinhas
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Attila Tárnok
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department for Therapy Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eva M Temsch
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pavel Trávníček
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Urfus
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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74
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Russell S, Jackson C, Reyes-Prieto A. High Sequence Divergence but Limited Architectural Rearrangements in Organelle Genomes of Cyanophora (Glaucophyta) Species. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2020; 68:e12831. [PMID: 33142007 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cyanophora is the glaucophyte model taxon. Following the sequencing of the nuclear genome of C. paradoxa, studies based on single organelle and nuclear molecular markers revealed previously unrecognized species diversity within this glaucophyte genus. Here, we present the complete plastid (ptDNA) and mitochondrial (mtDNA) genomes of C. kugrensii, C. sudae, and C. biloba. The respective sizes and coding capacities of both ptDNAs and mtDNAs are conserved among Cyanophora species with only minor differences due to specific gene duplications. Organelle phylogenomic analyses consistently recover the species C. kugrensii and C. paradoxa as a clade and C. sudae and C. biloba as a separate group. The phylogenetic affiliations of the four Cyanophora species are consistent with architectural similarities shared at the organelle genomic level. Genetic distance estimations from both organelle sequences are also consistent with phylogenetic and architecture evidence. Comparative analyses confirm that the Cyanophora mitochondrial genes accumulate substitutions at 3-fold higher rates than plastid counterparts, suggesting that mtDNA markers are more appropriate to investigate glaucophyte diversity and evolutionary events that occur at a population level. The study of complete organelle genomes is becoming the standard for species delimitation and is particularly relevant to study cryptic diversity in microbial groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Russell
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, 10 Bailey Drive, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher Jackson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Adrian Reyes-Prieto
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, 10 Bailey Drive, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada
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75
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Ocaña-Pallarès E, Vergara Z, Desvoyes B, Tejada-Jimenez M, Romero-Jurado A, Galván A, Fernández E, Ruiz-Trillo I, Gutierrez C. Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) Evolution Is Influenced by Global Gene Duplication/Loss Patterns in Eukaryotic Genomes. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 12:3878-3889. [PMID: 31990293 PMCID: PMC7058166 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The conservation of orthologs of most subunits of the origin recognition complex (ORC) has served to propose that the whole complex is common to all eukaryotes. However, various uncertainties have arisen concerning ORC subunit composition in a variety of lineages. Also, it is unclear whether the ancestral diversification of ORC in eukaryotes was accompanied by the neofunctionalization of some subunits, for example, role of ORC1 in centriole homeostasis. We have addressed these questions by reconstructing the distribution and evolutionary history of ORC1-5/CDC6 in a taxon-rich eukaryotic data set. First, we identified ORC subunits previously undetected in divergent lineages, which allowed us to propose a series of parsimonious scenarios for the origin of this multiprotein complex. Contrary to previous expectations, we found a global tendency in eukaryotes to increase or decrease the number of subunits as a consequence of genome duplications or streamlining, respectively. Interestingly, parasites show significantly lower number of subunits than free-living eukaryotes, especially those with the lowest genome size and gene content metrics. We also investigated the evolutionary origin of the ORC1 role in centriole homeostasis mediated by the PACT region in human cells. In particular, we tested the consequences of reducing ORC1 levels in the centriole-containing green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We found that the proportion of centrioles to flagella and nuclei was not dramatically affected. This, together with the PACT region not being significantly more conserved in centriole-bearing eukaryotes, supports the notion that this neofunctionalization of ORC1 would be a recent acquisition rather than an ancestral eukaryotic feature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zaida Vergara
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bénédicte Desvoyes
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Tejada-Jimenez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ainoa Romero-Jurado
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Aurora Galván
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Emilio Fernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Crisanto Gutierrez
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
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76
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The Tetracentron genome provides insight into the early evolution of eudicots and the formation of vessel elements. Genome Biol 2020; 21:291. [PMID: 33267872 PMCID: PMC7709256 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02198-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tetracentron sinense is an endemic and endangered deciduous tree. It belongs to the Trochodendrales, one of four early diverging lineages of eudicots known for having vesselless secondary wood. Sequencing and resequencing of the T. sinense genome will help us understand eudicot evolution, the genetic basis of tracheary element development, and the genetic diversity of this relict species. Results Here, we report a chromosome-scale assembly of the T. sinense genome. We assemble the 1.07 Gb genome sequence into 24 chromosomes and annotate 32,690 protein-coding genes. Phylogenomic analyses verify that the Trochodendrales and core eudicots are sister lineages and showed that two whole-genome duplications occurred in the Trochodendrales approximately 82 and 59 million years ago. Synteny analyses suggest that the γ event, resulting in paleohexaploidy, may have only happened in core eudicots. Interestingly, we find that vessel elements are present in T. sinense, which has two orthologs of AtVND7, the master regulator of vessel formation. T. sinense also has several key genes regulated by or regulating TsVND7.2 and their regulatory relationship resembles that in Arabidopsis thaliana. Resequencing and population genomics reveals high levels of genetic diversity of T. sinense and identifies four refugia in China. Conclusions The T. sinense genome provides a unique reference for inferring the early evolution of eudicots and the mechanisms underlying vessel element formation. Population genomics analysis of T. sinense reveals its genetic diversity and geographic structure with implications for conservation. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13059-020-02198-7.
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77
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Schönenberger J, von Balthazar M, López Martínez A, Albert B, Prieu C, Magallón S, Sauquet H. Phylogenetic analysis of fossil flowers using an angiosperm-wide data set: proof-of-concept and challenges ahead. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2020; 107:1433-1448. [PMID: 33026116 PMCID: PMC7702048 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Significant paleobotanical discoveries in recent decades have considerably improved our understanding of the early evolution of angiosperms and their flowers. However, our ability to test the systematic placement of fossil flowers on the basis of phylogenetic analyses has remained limited, mainly due to the lack of an adequate, angiosperm-wide morphological data set for extant taxa. Earlier attempts to place fossil flowers phylogenetically were, therefore, forced to make prior qualitative assessments of the potential systematic position of fossils and to restrict phylogenetic analyses to selected angiosperm subgroups. METHODS We conduct angiosperm-wide molecular backbone analyses of 10 fossil flower taxa selected from the Cretaceous record. Our analyses make use of a floral trait data set built within the framework of the eFLOWER initiative. We provide an updated version of this data set containing data for 28 floral and two pollen traits for 792 extant species representing 372 angiosperm families. RESULTS We find that some fossils are placed congruently with earlier hypotheses while others are found in positions that had not been suggested previously. A few take up equivocal positions, including the stem branches of large clades. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides an objective approach to test for the phylogenetic position of fossil flowers across angiosperms. Such analyses may provide a complementary tool for paleobotanical studies, allowing for a more comprehensive understanding of fossil phylogenetic relationships in angiosperms. Ongoing work focused on extending the sampling of extant taxa and the number of floral traits will further improve the applicability and accuracy of our approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürg Schönenberger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaRennweg 14ViennaA‐1030Austria
| | - Maria von Balthazar
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaRennweg 14ViennaA‐1030Austria
| | - Andrea López Martínez
- Instituto de BiologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCircuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, CoyoacánMéxico City04510Mexico
| | - Béatrice Albert
- Ecologie Systématique EvolutionUniv. Paris‐SudCNRSAgroParisTechUniversité Paris‐SaclayOrsay91400France
| | - Charlotte Prieu
- Ecologie Systématique EvolutionUniv. Paris‐SudCNRSAgroParisTechUniversité Paris‐SaclayOrsay91400France
| | - Susana Magallón
- Instituto de BiologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCircuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, CoyoacánMéxico City04510Mexico
| | - Hervé Sauquet
- Ecologie Systématique EvolutionUniv. Paris‐SudCNRSAgroParisTechUniversité Paris‐SaclayOrsay91400France
- National Herbarium of New South Wales (NSW)Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain TrustSydneyNSW2000Australia
- Evolution and Ecology Research CentreSchool of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
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78
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Tirnaz S, Bayer PE, Inturrisi F, Zhang F, Yang H, Dolatabadian A, Neik TX, Severn-Ellis A, Patel DA, Ibrahim MI, Pradhan A, Edwards D, Batley J. Resistance Gene Analogs in the Brassicaceae: Identification, Characterization, Distribution, and Evolution. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 184:909-922. [PMID: 32796089 PMCID: PMC7536671 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The Brassicaceae consists of a wide range of species, including important Brassica crop species and the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Brassica spp. crop diseases impose significant yield losses annually. A major way to reduce susceptibility to disease is the selection in breeding for resistance gene analogs (RGAs). Nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeats (NLRs), receptor-like kinases (RLKs), and receptor-like proteins (RLPs) are the main types of RGAs; they contain conserved domains and motifs and play specific roles in resistance to pathogens. Here, all classes of RGAs have been identified using annotation and assembly-based pipelines in all available genome annotations from the Brassicaceae, including multiple genome assemblies of the same species where available (total of 32 genomes). The number of RGAs, based on genome annotations, varies within and between species. In total 34,065 RGAs were identified, with the majority being RLKs (21,691), then NLRs (8,588) and RLPs (3,786). Analysis of the RGA protein sequences revealed a high level of sequence identity, whereby 99.43% of RGAs fell into several orthogroups. This study establishes a resource for the identification and characterization of RGAs in the Brassicaceae and provides a framework for further studies of RGAs for an ultimate goal of assisting breeders in improving resistance to plant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soodeh Tirnaz
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia WA 6009, Australia
| | - Philipp E Bayer
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia WA 6009, Australia
| | - Fabian Inturrisi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia WA 6009, Australia
| | - Fangning Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hua Yang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia WA 6009, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Aria Dolatabadian
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia WA 6009, Australia
| | - Ting X Neik
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia WA 6009, Australia
| | - Anita Severn-Ellis
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia WA 6009, Australia
| | - Dhwani A Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia WA 6009, Australia
| | - Muhammad I Ibrahim
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia WA 6009, Australia
| | - Aneeta Pradhan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia WA 6009, Australia
| | - David Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Batley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia WA 6009, Australia
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79
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Du XY, Lu JM, Li DZ. Extreme plastid RNA editing may confound phylogenetic reconstruction: A case study of Selaginella (lycophytes). PLANT DIVERSITY 2020; 42:356-361. [PMID: 33134619 PMCID: PMC7584784 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cytidine-to-uridine (C-to-U) RNA editing is common in coding regions of organellar genomes throughout land plants. In most cases RNA editing alters translated amino acids or creates new start codons, potentially confounds phylogenetic reconstructions. In this study, we used the spike moss genus Selaginella (lycophytes), which has the highest frequency of RNA editing, as a model to test the effects of extreme RNA editing on phylogenetic reconstruction. We predicted the C-to-U RNA editing sites in coding regions of 18 Selaginella plastomes, and reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships within Selaginella based on three data set pairs consisted of plastome or RNA-edited coding sequences, first and second codon positions, and translated amino acid sequences, respectively. We predicted between 400 and 3100 RNA editing sites of 18 Selaginella plastomes. The numbers of RNA editing sites in plastomes were highly correlated with the GC content of first and second codon positions, but not correlated with the GC content of plastomes as a whole. Contrast phylogenetic analyses showed that there were substantial differences (e.g., the placement of clade B in Selaginella) between the phylogenies generated by the plastome and RNA-edited data sets. This empirical study provides evidence that extreme C-to-U RNA editing in the coding regions of organellar genomes alters the sequences used for phylogenetic reconstruction, and might even confound phylogenetic reconstruction. Therefore, RNA editing sites should be corrected when plastid or mitochondrial genes are used for phylogenetic studies, particularly in those lineages with abundant organellar RNA editing sites, such as hornworts, quillworts, spike mosses, and some seed plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Du
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Qingsong Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Jin-Mei Lu
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - De-Zhu Li
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Qingsong Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
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80
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Hosokawa
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate school of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Shigeyuki Kawano
- Functional Biotechnology PJ, Future Center Initiative, The University of Tokyo
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81
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Hiraga Y, Ara T, Nagashima Y, Shimada N, Sakurai N, Suzuki H, Kera K. Metabolome analysis using multiple data mining approaches suggests luteolin biosynthesis in Physcomitrella patens. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2020; 37:377-381. [PMID: 33088205 PMCID: PMC7557656 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.20.0525b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The model land plant Physcomitrella patens synthesizes flavonoids which may act as protectant of ultraviolet-B radiation. We aimed to uncover its flavonoid profile, for which metabolome analysis using liquid chromatography coupled with Ion trap/Orbitrap mass spectrometry was performed. From the 80% methanol extracts, 661 valid peaks were detected. Prediction of the elemental compositions within a mass accuracy of 2 ppm indicated that 217 peaks had single elemental composition. A compound database search revealed 47 peaks to be annotated as secondary metabolites based on the compound database search. Comprehensive substituent search by ShiftedIonsFinder showed there were 13 peaks of potential flavonoid derivatives. Interestingly, a peak having m/z 287.0551, corresponding to that of luteolin, was detected, even though flavone synthase has never been identified in P. patens. Using P. patens labeled with stable isotopes (13C-, 15N-, 18O-, and 34S), we confirmed the elemental composition of the peak as C15H10O6. By a comparison of MS/MS spectra with that of authentic standard, the peak was identified as luteolin or related flavone isomers. This is the first report of luteolin or related flavones synthesis and the possibility of the existence of an unknown enzyme with flavone synthase activity in P. patens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhide Hiraga
- Research and Development Department, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
- Department of Research and Development, Hirata Corporation, 111 Hitotsugi, Ueki, Kita, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 861-0198, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ara
- Research and Development Department, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nagashima
- Research and Development Department, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Norimoto Shimada
- Research and Development Department, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Nozomu Sakurai
- Research and Development Department, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Suzuki
- Research and Development Department, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
- Department of Research and Development, Hirata Corporation, 111 Hitotsugi, Ueki, Kita, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 861-0198, Japan
| | - Kota Kera
- Research and Development Department, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
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82
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Zheng S, Poczai P, Hyvönen J, Tang J, Amiryousefi A. Chloroplot: An Online Program for the Versatile Plotting of Organelle Genomes. Front Genet 2020; 11:576124. [PMID: 33101394 PMCID: PMC7545089 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.576124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the complexity of genomic structures and their unique architecture is linked with the power of visualization tools used to represent these features. Such tools should be able to provide a realistic and scalable version of genomic content. Here, we present an online organelle plotting tool focused on chloroplasts, which were developed to visualize the exclusive structure of these genomes. The distinguished unique features of this program include its ability to represent the Single Short Copy (SSC) regions in reverse complement, which allows the depiction of the codon usage bias index for each gene, along with the possibility of the minor mismatches between inverted repeat (IR) regions and user-specified plotting layers. The versatile color schemes and diverse functionalities of the program are specifically designed to reflect the accurate scalable representation of the plastid genomes. We introduce a Shiny app website for easy use of the program; a more advanced application of the tool is possible by further development and modification of the downloadable source codes provided online. The software and its libraries are completely coded in R, available at https://irscope.shinyapps.io/chloroplot/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Zheng
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter Poczai
- Finnish Museum of Natural History (Botany), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Hyvönen
- Finnish Museum of Natural History (Botany), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jing Tang
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ali Amiryousefi
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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83
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Nawae W, Yundaeng C, Naktang C, Kongkachana W, Yoocha T, Sonthirod C, Narong N, Somta P, Laosatit K, Tangphatsornruang S, Pootakham W. The Genome and Transcriptome Analysis of the Vigna mungo Chloroplast. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9091247. [PMID: 32967378 PMCID: PMC7570002 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Vigna mungo is cultivated in approximately 5 million hectares worldwide. The chloroplast genome of this species has not been previously reported. In this study, we sequenced the genome and transcriptome of the V. mungo chloroplast. We identified many positively selected genes in the photosynthetic pathway (e.g., rbcL, ndhF, and atpF) and RNA polymerase genes (e.g., rpoC2) from the comparison of the chloroplast genome of V. mungo, temperate legume species, and tropical legume species. Our transcriptome data from PacBio isoform sequencing showed that the 51-kb DNA inversion could affect the transcriptional regulation of accD polycistronic. Using Illumina deep RNA sequencing, we found RNA editing of clpP in the leaf, shoot, flower, fruit, and root tissues of V. mungo. We also found three G-to-A RNA editing events that change guanine to adenine in the transcripts transcribed from the adenine-rich regions of the ycf4 gene. The edited guanine bases were found particularly in the chloroplast genome of the Vigna species. These G-to-A RNA editing events were likely to provide a mechanism for correcting DNA base mutations. The V. mungo chloroplast genome sequence and the analysis results obtained in this study can apply to phylogenetic studies and chloroplast genome engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanapinun Nawae
- National Omics Center (NOC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (W.N.); (C.Y.); (C.N.); (W.K.); (T.Y.); (C.S.); (N.N.); (S.T.)
| | - Chutintorn Yundaeng
- National Omics Center (NOC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (W.N.); (C.Y.); (C.N.); (W.K.); (T.Y.); (C.S.); (N.N.); (S.T.)
| | - Chaiwat Naktang
- National Omics Center (NOC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (W.N.); (C.Y.); (C.N.); (W.K.); (T.Y.); (C.S.); (N.N.); (S.T.)
| | - Wasitthee Kongkachana
- National Omics Center (NOC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (W.N.); (C.Y.); (C.N.); (W.K.); (T.Y.); (C.S.); (N.N.); (S.T.)
| | - Thippawan Yoocha
- National Omics Center (NOC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (W.N.); (C.Y.); (C.N.); (W.K.); (T.Y.); (C.S.); (N.N.); (S.T.)
| | - Chutima Sonthirod
- National Omics Center (NOC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (W.N.); (C.Y.); (C.N.); (W.K.); (T.Y.); (C.S.); (N.N.); (S.T.)
| | - Nattapol Narong
- National Omics Center (NOC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (W.N.); (C.Y.); (C.N.); (W.K.); (T.Y.); (C.S.); (N.N.); (S.T.)
| | - Prakit Somta
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand; (P.S.); (K.L.)
| | - Kularb Laosatit
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand; (P.S.); (K.L.)
| | - Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang
- National Omics Center (NOC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (W.N.); (C.Y.); (C.N.); (W.K.); (T.Y.); (C.S.); (N.N.); (S.T.)
| | - Wirulda Pootakham
- National Omics Center (NOC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (W.N.); (C.Y.); (C.N.); (W.K.); (T.Y.); (C.S.); (N.N.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence: or
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84
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Li L, Wang S, Wang H, Sahu SK, Marin B, Li H, Xu Y, Liang H, Li Z, Cheng S, Reder T, Çebi Z, Wittek S, Petersen M, Melkonian B, Du H, Yang H, Wang J, Wong GKS, Xu X, Liu X, Van de Peer Y, Melkonian M, Liu H. The genome of Prasinoderma coloniale unveils the existence of a third phylum within green plants. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 4:1220-1231. [PMID: 32572216 PMCID: PMC7455551 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-1221-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Genome analysis of the pico-eukaryotic marine green alga Prasinoderma coloniale CCMP 1413 unveils the existence of a novel phylum within green plants (Viridiplantae), the Prasinodermophyta, which diverged before the split of Chlorophyta and Streptophyta. Structural features of the genome and gene family comparisons revealed an intermediate position of the P. coloniale genome (25.3 Mb) between the extremely compact, small genomes of picoplanktonic Mamiellophyceae (Chlorophyta) and the larger, more complex genomes of early-diverging streptophyte algae. Reconstruction of the minimal core genome of Viridiplantae allowed identification of an ancestral toolkit of transcription factors and flagellar proteins. Adaptations of P. coloniale to its deep-water, oligotrophic environment involved expansion of light-harvesting proteins, reduction of early light-induced proteins, evolution of a distinct type of C4 photosynthesis and carbon-concentrating mechanism, synthesis of the metal-complexing metabolite picolinic acid, and vitamin B1, B7 and B12 auxotrophy. The P. coloniale genome provides first insights into the dawn of green plant evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linzhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hongli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sunil Kumar Sahu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Birger Marin
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Haoyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongping Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics (Ghent University) and Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shifeng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tanja Reder
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Zehra Çebi
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wittek
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Morten Petersen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Barbara Melkonian
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Central Collection of Algal Cultures, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hongli Du
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gane Ka-Shu Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics (Ghent University) and Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium.
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Michael Melkonian
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Central Collection of Algal Cultures, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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85
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de Vries J, de Vries S, Curtis BA, Zhou H, Penny S, Feussner K, Pinto DM, Steinert M, Cohen AM, von Schwartzenberg K, Archibald JM. Heat stress response in the closest algal relatives of land plants reveals conserved stress signaling circuits. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:1025-1048. [PMID: 32333477 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
All land plants (embryophytes) share a common ancestor that likely evolved from a filamentous freshwater alga. Elucidating the transition from algae to embryophytes - and the eventual conquering of Earth's surface - is one of the most fundamental questions in plant evolutionary biology. Here, we investigated one of the organismal properties that might have enabled this transition: resistance to drastic temperature shifts. We explored the effect of heat stress in Mougeotia and Spirogyra, two representatives of Zygnematophyceae - the closest known algal sister lineage to land plants. Heat stress induced pronounced phenotypic alterations in their plastids, and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy-based profiling of 565 transitions for the analysis of main central metabolites revealed significant shifts in 43 compounds. We also analyzed the global differential gene expression responses triggered by heat, generating 92.8 Gbp of sequence data and assembling a combined set of 8905 well-expressed genes. Each organism had its own distinct gene expression profile; less than one-half of their shared genes showed concordant gene expression trends. We nevertheless detected common signature responses to heat such as elevated transcript levels for molecular chaperones, thylakoid components, and - corroborating our metabolomic data - amino acid metabolism. We also uncovered the heat-stress responsiveness of genes for phosphorelay-based signal transduction that links environmental cues, calcium signatures and plastid biology. Our data allow us to infer the molecular heat stress response that the earliest land plants might have used when facing the rapidly shifting temperature conditions of the terrestrial habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan de Vries
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
- Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sophie de Vries
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Institute of Population Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Bruce A Curtis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Hong Zhou
- Microalgae and Zygnematophyceae Collection Hamburg (MZCH) and Aquatic Ecophysiology and Phycology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Universität Hamburg, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Penny
- National Research Council, Human Health Therapeutics, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3Z1, Canada
| | - Kirstin Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Devanand M Pinto
- National Research Council, Human Health Therapeutics, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3Z1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Rd, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Michael Steinert
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alejandro M Cohen
- Biological Spectrometry Core Facility, Life Sciences Research Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Klaus von Schwartzenberg
- Microalgae and Zygnematophyceae Collection Hamburg (MZCH) and Aquatic Ecophysiology and Phycology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Universität Hamburg, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - John M Archibald
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, 661 University Ave, Suite 505, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
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86
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Toon
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - L. Irene Terry
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Utah; Salt Lake City Utah USA
| | | | - Gimme H. Walter
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Lyn G. Cook
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
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87
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Complete Chloroplast Genome Characterization of Oxalis Corniculata and Its Comparison with Related Species from Family Oxalidaceae. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9080928. [PMID: 32717796 PMCID: PMC7464629 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Oxalis corniculata L. (family Oxalidaceae) is a small creeper wood sorrel plant that grows well in moist climates. Despite being medicinally important, little is known about the genomics of this species. Here, we determined the complete chloroplast genome sequence of O. corniculata for the first time and compared it with other members of family Oxalidaceae. The genome was 152,189 bp in size and comprised of a pair of 25,387 bp inverted repeats (IR) that separated a large 83,427 bp single copy region (LSC) and a small 16,990 bp single copy region (SSC). The chloroplast genome of O. corniculata contains 131 genes with 83 protein coding genes, 40 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The analysis revealed 46 microsatellites, of which 6 were present in coding sequences (CDS) regions, 34 in the LSC, 8 in the SSC, and 2 in the single IR region. Twelve palindromic repeats, 30 forward repeats, and 32 tandem repeats were also detected. Chloroplast genome comparisons revealed an overall high degree of sequence similarity between O. corniculata and O. drummondii and some divergence in the intergenic spacers of related species in Oxalidaceae. Furthermore, the seven most divergent genes (ccsA, clpP, rps8, rps15, rpl22, matK, and ycf1) among genomes were observed. Phylogenomic characterization on the basis of 60 shared genes revealed that O. corniculata is closely related to O. drummondii. The complete O. corniculata genome sequenced in the present study is a valuable resource for investigating the population and evolutionary genetics of family Oxalidaceae and can be used to identify related species.
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88
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Zhang X, Sun Y, Landis JB, Lv Z, Shen J, Zhang H, Lin N, Li L, Sun J, Deng T, Sun H, Wang H. Plastome phylogenomic study of Gentianeae (Gentianaceae): widespread gene tree discordance and its association with evolutionary rate heterogeneity of plastid genes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:340. [PMID: 32680458 PMCID: PMC7368685 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02518-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plastome-scale data have been prevalent in reconstructing the plant Tree of Life. However, phylogenomic studies currently based on plastomes rely primarily on maximum likelihood inference of concatenated alignments of plastid genes, and thus phylogenetic discordance produced by individual plastid genes has generally been ignored. Moreover, structural and functional characteristics of plastomes indicate that plastid genes may not evolve as a single locus and are experiencing different evolutionary forces, yet the genetic characteristics of plastid genes within a lineage remain poorly studied. RESULTS We sequenced and annotated 10 plastome sequences of Gentianeae. Phylogenomic analyses yielded robust relationships among genera within Gentianeae. We detected great variation of gene tree topologies and revealed that more than half of the genes, including one (atpB) of the three widely used plastid markers (rbcL, atpB and matK) in phylogenetic inference of Gentianeae, are likely contributing to phylogenetic ambiguity of Gentianeae. Estimation of nucleotide substitution rates showed extensive rate heterogeneity among different plastid genes and among different functional groups of genes. Comparative analysis suggested that the ribosomal protein (RPL and RPS) genes and the RNA polymerase (RPO) genes have higher substitution rates and genetic variations among plastid genes in Gentianeae. Our study revealed that just one (matK) of the three (matK, ndhB and rbcL) widely used markers show high phylogenetic informativeness (PI) value. Due to the high PI and lowest gene-tree discordance, rpoC2 is advocated as a promising plastid DNA barcode for taxonomic studies of Gentianeae. Furthermore, our analyses revealed a positive correlation of evolutionary rates with genetic variation of plastid genes, but a negative correlation with gene-tree discordance under purifying selection. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results demonstrate the heterogeneity of nucleotide substitution rates and genetic characteristics among plastid genes providing new insights into plastome evolution, while highlighting the necessity of considering gene-tree discordance into phylogenomic studies based on plastome-scale data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yanxia Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Jacob B Landis
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92507, USA
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Zhenyu Lv
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Jun Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huajie Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Nan Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lijuan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiao Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tao Deng
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Hang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
| | - Hengchang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
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89
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Lee DJ, Kim CK, Lee TH, Lee SJ, Moon DG, Kwon YH, Cho JY. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of economical standard tea plant, Camellia sinensis L. cultivar Sangmok, in Korea. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2020; 5:2835-2836. [PMID: 33457968 PMCID: PMC7782013 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1790311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Camellia sinensis L. cultivar Sangmok was determined using high-throughput sequencing technology. We sequenced Sangmok chloroplast genome and performed comparative with 21 published other Camellia and species from different genus for phylogenetic analysis. Chloroplast genome was 153,044 bp in length, containing a pair of 24,627 bp inverted repeat (IR) regions, which were separated by small and large single-copy regions (SSC and LSC) of 19,155 and 64,665 bp, respectively. The chloroplast genome contained 97 genes (63 protein-coding genes, 29 tRNA genes, and 5 rRNA genes). The overall GC content of the chloroplast genome was 37.2%. The phylogenetic analysis among species in number of the genus Camellia provided that C. sinensis L. cultivar Sangmok is closely related to KJ806277 Camellia pubicosta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jun Lee
- Genomics Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences(NAS), Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Chang-Kug Kim
- Genomics Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences(NAS), Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Tae-Ho Lee
- Genomics Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences(NAS), Jeonju, South Korea
| | - So-Jin Lee
- Research Institute of Climate Change and Agriculture, Jeju-do, South Korea
| | - Doo-Gyung Moon
- Research Institute of Climate Change and Agriculture, Jeju-do, South Korea
| | - Yong-Hee Kwon
- Research Institute of Climate Change and Agriculture, Jeju-do, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Yong Cho
- Division of Food Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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90
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Sousa F, Civáň P, Foster PG, Cox CJ. The Chloroplast Land Plant Phylogeny: Analyses Employing Better-Fitting Tree- and Site-Heterogeneous Composition Models. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1062. [PMID: 32760416 PMCID: PMC7373204 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The colonization of land by descendants of charophyte green algae marked a turning point in Earth history that enabled the development of the diverse terrestrial ecosystems we see today. Early land plants diversified into three gametophyte-dominant lineages, namely the hornworts, liverworts, and mosses, collectively known as bryophytes, and a sporophyte-dominant lineage, the vascular plants, or tracheophytes. In recent decades, the prevailing view of evolutionary relationships among these four lineages has been that the tracheophytes were derived from a bryophyte ancestor. However, recent phylogenetic evidence has suggested that bryophytes are monophyletic, and thus that the first split among land plants gave rise to the lineages that today we recognize as the bryophytes and tracheophytes. We present a phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast protein-coding data that also supports the monophyly of bryophytes. This newly compiled data set consists of 83 chloroplast genes sampled across 30 taxa that include chlorophytes and charophytes, including four members of the Zygnematophyceae, and land plants, that were sampled following a balanced representation of the main bryophyte and tracheophyte lineages. Analyses of non-synonymous site nucleotide data and amino acid translation data result in congruent phylogenetic trees showing the monophyly of bryophytes, with the Zygnematophyceae as the charophyte group most closely related to land plants. Analyses showing that bryophytes and tracheophytes evolved separately from a common terrestrial ancestor have profound implications for the way we understand the evolution of plant life cycles on land and how we interpret the early land plant fossil record.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Sousa
- Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Peter Civáň
- Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- INRA, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Peter G. Foster
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cymon J. Cox
- Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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91
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Wang RN, Milne RI, Du XY, Liu J, Wu ZY. Characteristics and Mutational Hotspots of Plastomes in Debregeasia (Urticaceae). Front Genet 2020; 11:729. [PMID: 32733543 PMCID: PMC7360830 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Debregeasia is an economically important genus of the nettle family (Urticaceae). Previous systematic studies based on morphology, or using up to four plastome regions, have not satisfactorily resolved relationships within the genus. Here, we report 25 new plastomes for Urticaceae, including 12 plastomes from five Debregeasia species and 13 plastomes from other genera. Together with the one published plastome for Debregeasia, we analyzed plastome structure and character, identified mutation hotspots and loci under selection, and constructed phylogenies. The plastomes of Debregeasia were found to be very conservative, with a size from 155,743 bp to 156,065 bp, and no structural variation. Eleven mutation hotspots were identified, including three (rpoB-trnC-GCA, trnT-GGU-psbD and ycf1) that are highly variable both within Debregeasia and among genera; these show high potential value for future DNA barcoding, population genetics and phylogenetic reconstruction. Selection pressure analysis revealed nine genes (clpP, ndhF, petB, psbA, psbK, rbcL, rpl23, ycf2, and ycf1) that may experience positive selection. Phylogenomic analyses results suggest that Debregeasia was monophyletic, and closest to Boehmeria among genera examined. Within Debregeasia, D. longifolia was sister to D. saeneb, whereas D. elliptica, D. orientalis with D. squamata formed the other subclade. This study enriches organelle genome resources for Urticaceae, and highlights the utility of plastome data for detecting mutation hotspots for evolutionary and systematic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Nan Wang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Richard I Milne
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Xin-Yu Du
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zeng-Yuan Wu
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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92
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Liu B, Hu Y, Hu Z, Liu G, Zhu H. Taxonomic scheme of the order Chaetophorales (Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta) based on chloroplast genomes. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:442. [PMID: 32590931 PMCID: PMC7320567 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06845-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Order Chaetophorales currently includes six families, namely Schizomeridaceae, Aphanochaetaceae, Barrancaceae, Uronemataceae, Fritschiellaceae, and Chaetophoraceae. The phylogenetic relationships of Chaetophorales have been inferred primarily based on short and less informative rDNA sequences. This study aimed to phylogenetically reconstruct order Chaetophorales and determine the taxonomic scheme, and to further understand the evolution of order Chaetophorales. Results In the present study, seven complete and five fragmentary chloroplast genomes were harvested. Phylogenomic and comparative genomic analysis were performed to determine the taxonomic scheme within Chaetophorales. Consequently, Oedogoniales was found to be a sister to a clade linking Chaetophorales and Chaetopeltidales. Schizomeriaceae, and Aphanochaetaceae clustered into a well-resolved basal clade in Chaetophorales, inconsistent with the results of phylogenetic analysis based on rDNA sequences. Comparative genomic analyses revealed that the chloroplast genomes of Schizomeriaceae and Aphanochaetaceae were highly conserved and homologous, highlighting the closest relationship in this order. Germination types of zoospores precisely correlated with the phylogenetic relationships. Conclusions chloroplast genome structure analyses, synteny analyses, and zoospore germination analyses were concurrent with phylogenetic analyses based on the chloroplast genome, and all of them robustly determined the unique taxonomic scheme of Chaetophorales and the relationships of Oedogoniales, Chaetophorales, and Chaetopeltidales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yuxin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Zhengyu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Guoxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Huan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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93
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Wood D, Besnard G, Beerling DJ, Osborne CP, Christin PA. Phylogenomics indicates the "living fossil" Isoetes diversified in the Cenozoic. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227525. [PMID: 32555586 PMCID: PMC7302493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The fossil record provides an invaluable insight into the temporal origins of extant lineages of organisms. However, establishing the relationships between fossils and extant lineages can be difficult in groups with low rates of morphological change over time. Molecular dating can potentially circumvent this issue by allowing distant fossils to act as calibration points, but rate variation across large evolutionary scales can bias such analyses. In this study, we apply multiple dating methods to genome-wide datasets to infer the origin of extant species of Isoetes, a group of mostly aquatic and semi-aquatic isoetalean lycopsids, which closely resemble fossil forms dating back to the Triassic. Rate variation observed in chloroplast genomes hampers accurate dating, but genome-wide nuclear markers place the origin of extant diversity within this group in the mid-Paleogene, 45-60 million years ago. Our genomic analyses coupled with a careful evaluation of the fossil record indicate that despite resembling forms from the Triassic, extant Isoetes species do not represent the remnants of an ancient and widespread group, but instead have spread around the globe in the relatively recent past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wood
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Besnard
- CNRS, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UMR 5174, EDB (Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique), Toulouse, France
| | - David J. Beerling
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Colin P. Osborne
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Pascal-Antoine Christin
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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94
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Barrett CF. Plastid genomes of the North American Rhus integrifolia-ovata complex and phylogenomic implications of inverted repeat structural evolution in Rhus L. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9315. [PMID: 32587799 PMCID: PMC7304433 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastid genomes (plastomes) represent rich sources of information for phylogenomics, from higher-level studies to below the species level. The genus Rhus (sumac) has received a significant amount of study from phylogenetic and biogeographic perspectives, but genomic studies in this genus are lacking. Rhus integrifolia and R. ovata are two shrubby species of high ecological importance in the southwestern USA and Mexico, where they occupy coastal scrub and chaparral habitats. They hybridize frequently, representing a fascinating system in which to investigate the opposing effects of hybridization and divergent selection, yet are poorly characterized from a genomic perspective. In this study, complete plastid genomes were sequenced for one accession of R. integrifolia and one each of R. ovata from California and Arizona. Sequence variation among these three accessions was characterized, and PCR primers potentially useful in phylogeographic studies were designed. Phylogenomic analyses were conducted based on a robustly supported phylogenetic framework based on 52 complete plastomes across the order Sapindales. Repeat content, rather than the size of the inverted repeat, had a stronger relative association with total plastome length across Sapindales when analyzed with phylogenetic least squares regression. Variation at the inverted repeat boundary within Rhus was striking, resulting in major shifts and independent gene losses. Specifically, rps19 was lost independently in the R. integrifolia-ovata complex and in R. chinensis, with a further loss of rps22 and a major contraction of the inverted repeat in two accessions of the latter. Rhus represents a promising novel system to study plastome structural variation of photosynthetic angiosperms at and below the species level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig F. Barrett
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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95
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Jermiin LS, Catullo RA, Holland BR. A new phylogenetic protocol: dealing with model misspecification and confirmation bias in molecular phylogenetics. NAR Genom Bioinform 2020; 2:lqaa041. [PMID: 33575594 PMCID: PMC7671319 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqaa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular phylogenetics plays a key role in comparative genomics and has increasingly significant impacts on science, industry, government, public health and society. In this paper, we posit that the current phylogenetic protocol is missing two critical steps, and that their absence allows model misspecification and confirmation bias to unduly influence phylogenetic estimates. Based on the potential offered by well-established but under-used procedures, such as assessment of phylogenetic assumptions and tests of goodness of fit, we introduce a new phylogenetic protocol that will reduce confirmation bias and increase the accuracy of phylogenetic estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars S Jermiin
- CSIRO Land & Water, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- School of Biology & Environment Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Renee A Catullo
- CSIRO Land & Water, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- School of Science and Health & Hawkesbury Institute of the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Barbara R Holland
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
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96
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Sun M, Folk RA, Gitzendanner MA, Soltis PS, Chen Z, Soltis DE, Guralnick RP. Estimating rates and patterns of diversification with incomplete sampling: a case study in the rosids. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2020; 107:895-909. [PMID: 32519354 PMCID: PMC7384126 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Recent advances in generating large-scale phylogenies enable broad-scale estimation of species diversification. These now common approaches typically are characterized by (1) incomplete species coverage without explicit sampling methodologies and/or (2) sparse backbone representation, and usually rely on presumed phylogenetic placements to account for species without molecular data. We used empirical examples to examine the effects of incomplete sampling on diversification estimation and provide constructive suggestions to ecologists and evolutionary biologists based on those results. METHODS We used a supermatrix for rosids and one well-sampled subclade (Cucurbitaceae) as empirical case studies. We compared results using these large phylogenies with those based on a previously inferred, smaller supermatrix and on a synthetic tree resource with complete taxonomic coverage. Finally, we simulated random and representative taxon sampling and explored the impact of sampling on three commonly used methods, both parametric (RPANDA and BAMM) and semiparametric (DR). RESULTS We found that the impact of sampling on diversification estimates was idiosyncratic and often strong. Compared to full empirical sampling, representative and random sampling schemes either depressed or inflated speciation rates, depending on methods and sampling schemes. No method was entirely robust to poor sampling, but BAMM was least sensitive to moderate levels of missing taxa. CONCLUSIONS We suggest caution against uncritical modeling of missing taxa using taxonomic data for poorly sampled trees and in the use of summary backbone trees and other data sets with high representative bias, and we stress the importance of explicit sampling methodologies in macroevolutionary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Sun
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida32611USA
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary BotanyInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China
- Department of BioscienceAarhus UniversityAarhus8000Denmark
| | - Ryan A. Folk
- Department of Biological SciencesMississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMississippi39762USA
| | - Matthew A. Gitzendanner
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida32611USA
- Biodiversity InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida32611USA
| | - Pamela S. Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida32611USA
- Biodiversity InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida32611USA
- Genetics InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida32608USA
| | - Zhiduan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary BotanyInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China
| | - Douglas E. Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida32611USA
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida32611USA
- Biodiversity InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida32611USA
- Genetics InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida32608USA
| | - Robert P. Guralnick
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida32611USA
- Biodiversity InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida32611USA
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97
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Stull GW, Soltis PS, Soltis DE, Gitzendanner MA, Smith SA. Nuclear phylogenomic analyses of asterids conflict with plastome trees and support novel relationships among major lineages. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2020; 107:790-805. [PMID: 32406108 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Discordance between nuclear and organellar phylogenies (cytonuclear discordance) is a well-documented phenomenon at shallow evolutionary levels but has been poorly investigated at deep levels of plant phylogeny. Determining the extent of cytonuclear discordance across major plant lineages is essential not only for elucidating evolutionary processes, but also for evaluating the currently used framework of plant phylogeny, which is largely based on the plastid genome. METHODS We present a phylogenomic examination of a major angiosperm clade (Asteridae) based on sequence data from the nuclear, plastid, and mitochondrial genomes as a means of evaluating currently accepted relationships inferred from the plastome and exploring potential sources of genomic conflict in this group. RESULTS We recovered at least five instances of well-supported cytonuclear discordance concerning the placements of major asterid lineages (i.e., Ericales, Oncothecaceae, Aquifoliales, Cassinopsis, and Icacinaceae). We attribute this conflict to a combination of incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization, the latter supported in part by previously inferred whole-genome duplications. CONCLUSIONS Our results challenge several long-standing hypotheses of asterid relationships and have implications for morphological character evolution and for the importance of ancient whole-genome duplications in early asterid evolution. These findings also highlight the value of reevaluating broad-scale angiosperm and green-plant phylogeny with nuclear genomic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Stull
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China
- Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 20013, USA
| | - Pamela S Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Douglas E Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | | | - Stephen A Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
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98
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Wohl J, Petersen M. Functional expression and characterization of cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase from the hornwort Anthoceros agrestis in Physcomitrella patens. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:597-607. [PMID: 32055924 PMCID: PMC7165133 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02517-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase from the hornwort Anthoceros agrestis (AaC4H) was functionally expressed in the moss Physcomitrella patens and characterized at biochemical and molecular levels. Cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (C4H), a cytochrome P450-dependent hydroxylase, catalyzes the formation of 4-coumaric acid (=4-hydroxycinnamic acid) from trans-cinnamic acid. In the hornwort Anthoceros agrestis (Aa), this enzyme is supposed to be involved in the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid (a caffeic acid ester of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactic acid) and other related compounds. The coding sequence of AaC4H (CYP73A260) was expressed in the moss Physcomitrella patens (Pp_AaC4H). Protein extracts from the transformed moss showed considerably increased C4H activity driven by NADPH:cytochrome P450 reductase of the moss. Since Physcomitrella has own putative cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylases, enzyme characterization was carried out in parallel with the untransformed Physcomitrella wild type (Pp_WT). Apparent Km-values for cinnamic acid and NADPH were determined to be at 17.3 µM and 88.0 µM for Pp_AaC4H and 25.1 µM and 92.3 µM for Pp_WT, respectively. Expression levels of AaC4H as well as two Physcomitrella patens C4H isoforms were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. While PpC4H_1 displayed constantly low levels of expression during the whole 21-day culture period, AaC4H and PpC4H_2 increased their expression during the first 6-8 days of the culture period and then decreased again. This work describes the biochemical in vitro characterization of a cytochrome P450-dependent enzyme, namely C4H, heterologously expressed in the haploid model plant Physcomitrella patens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Wohl
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Maike Petersen
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany.
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99
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Wohl J, Petersen M. Functional expression and characterization of cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase from the hornwort Anthoceros agrestis in Physcomitrella patens. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:597-607. [PMID: 32055924 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase from the hornwort Anthoceros agrestis (AaC4H) was functionally expressed in the moss Physcomitrella patens and characterized at biochemical and molecular levels. Cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (C4H), a cytochrome P450-dependent hydroxylase, catalyzes the formation of 4-coumaric acid (=4-hydroxycinnamic acid) from trans-cinnamic acid. In the hornwort Anthoceros agrestis (Aa), this enzyme is supposed to be involved in the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid (a caffeic acid ester of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactic acid) and other related compounds. The coding sequence of AaC4H (CYP73A260) was expressed in the moss Physcomitrella patens (Pp_AaC4H). Protein extracts from the transformed moss showed considerably increased C4H activity driven by NADPH:cytochrome P450 reductase of the moss. Since Physcomitrella has own putative cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylases, enzyme characterization was carried out in parallel with the untransformed Physcomitrella wild type (Pp_WT). Apparent Km-values for cinnamic acid and NADPH were determined to be at 17.3 µM and 88.0 µM for Pp_AaC4H and 25.1 µM and 92.3 µM for Pp_WT, respectively. Expression levels of AaC4H as well as two Physcomitrella patens C4H isoforms were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. While PpC4H_1 displayed constantly low levels of expression during the whole 21-day culture period, AaC4H and PpC4H_2 increased their expression during the first 6-8 days of the culture period and then decreased again. This work describes the biochemical in vitro characterization of a cytochrome P450-dependent enzyme, namely C4H, heterologously expressed in the haploid model plant Physcomitrella patens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Wohl
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Maike Petersen
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany.
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Chernova T, Ageeva M, Mikshina P, Trofimova O, Kozlova L, Lev-Yadun S, Gorshkova T. The Living Fossil Psilotum nudum Has Cortical Fibers With Mannan-Based Cell Wall Matrix. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:488. [PMID: 32411161 PMCID: PMC7199214 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall thickening and development of secondary cell walls was a major step in plant terrestrialization that provided the mechanical support, effective functioning of water-conducting elements and fortification of the surface tissues. Despite its importance, the diversity, emergence and evolution of secondary cell walls in early land plants have been characterized quite poorly. Secondary cell walls can be present in different cell types with fibers being among the major ones. The necessity for mechanical support upon increasing plant height is widely recognized; however, identification of fibers in land plants of early taxa is quite limited. In an effort to partially fill this gap, we studied the fibers and the composition of cell walls in stems of the sporophyte of the living fossil Psilotum nudum. Various types of light microscopy, combined with partial tissue maceration demonstrated that this perennial, rootless, fern-like vascular plant, has abundant fibers located in the middle cortex. Extensive immunodetection of cell wall polymers together with various staining and monosaccharide analysis of cell wall constituents revealed that in P. nudum, the secondary cell wall of its cortical fibers is distinct from that of its tracheids. Primary cell walls of all tissues in P. nudum shoots are based on mannan, which is also common in other extant early land plants. Besides, the primary cell wall contains epitope for LM15 specific for xyloglucan and JIM7 that binds methylesterified homogalacturonans, two polymers common in the primary cell walls of higher plants. Xylan and lignin were detected as the major polymers in the secondary cell walls of P. nudum tracheids. However, the secondary cell wall in its cortical fibers is quite similar to their primary cell walls, i.e., enriched in mannan. The innermost secondary cell wall layer of its fibers but not its tracheids has epitope to bind the LM15, LM6, and LM5 antibodies recognizing, respectively, xyloglucan, arabinan and galactan. Together, our data provide the first description of a mannan-based cell wall in sclerenchyma fibers, and demonstrate in detail that the composition and structure of secondary cell wall in early land plants are not uniform in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Chernova
- The Laboratory of Plant Cell Growth Mechanisms, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russia
| | - Marina Ageeva
- Microscopy Cabinet, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russia
| | - Polina Mikshina
- Laboratory of Plant Glycobiology, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russia
| | - Oksana Trofimova
- The Laboratory of Plant Cell Growth Mechanisms, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russia
| | - Liudmila Kozlova
- The Laboratory of Plant Cell Growth Mechanisms, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russia
| | - Simcha Lev-Yadun
- Department of Biology and Environment, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa-Oranim, Tivon, Israel
| | - Tatyana Gorshkova
- The Laboratory of Plant Cell Growth Mechanisms, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russia
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