51
|
Nayak AS, Nachane HB. Maternal anthropometric determinants as risk markers of suicidality and severity of illness in women with postnatal depression. J Postgrad Med 2020; 66:11-16. [PMID: 31898598 PMCID: PMC6970329 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_541_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Studies have shown nutrition to play a role in etiology of postnatal depression, but few risk markers have been developed for the same. Anthropometric determinants have not been sufficiently researched in relation to suicidality and severity of illness in women with postnatal depression. Aim The present study assesses the efficacy of anthropometric determinants as risk markers of severity of illness and suicidal ideations in postnatal depression. Methods and Materials 100 women were screened at 6 weeks postnatal for the presence of postnatal depression and suicidal ideation using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Anthropometric determinants assessed were height, weight, weight gain in pregnancy, weight at first antenatal visit, body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio. Univariate and multivariate analysis were done for risk estimation using Spearman's rank correlation and multiple regression analysis, respectively. Results In total, 39% of the women showed the presence of postnatal depression. Out of these 39 women, 31% had suicidal ideations. The waist-to-hip ratio was the most significant factor in all the models, having a negative correlation with suicidality and severity of depression (P < 0.05). The multiple regression model using anthropometric determinants could significantly assess risk of both suicidality (P = 0.03, adjusted R2 = 0.08) and postnatal depression (P = 0.04, adjusted R2 = 0.07). Conclusions The study concludes that anthropometric determinants can be used effectively as risk markers for suicidality and severity of illness in women with postnatal depression. The most significant risk factor was found to be waist-to-hip ratio in both the models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- AS Nayak
- Department of Psychiatry, Seth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - HB Nachane
- Department of Psychiatry, Seth G S Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Bagnoli VR, Fonseca AMD, Massabki JOP, Arie WMY, Azevedo RS, Veiga ECDA, Soares Junior JM, Baracat EC. Gynecological cancer and metabolic screening of 1001 elderly Brazilian women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 65:1275-1282. [PMID: 31721959 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.65.10.1275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate gynecological cancer and metabolic screening of Brazilian women aged 65 years or older. METHODS This retrospective descriptive study was conducted by including 1,001 Brazilian patients of the gynecological geriatric outpatient office of our institution to evaluate the influence of age on gynecological cancer and metabolic screening parameters at the first clinical visit. All patients were divided into three groups: a) 65 to 69 years; b) 70 to 74 years; c) ≥ 75 years. We considered clinical, laboratorial, and image data as variables of this study. The Chi-square test was used to assess the proportion of differences among the age groups, and Kruskal-Wallis was used for quantitative variables. RESULTS The values of BMI and height in the group over 75 years was lower than that of the 65 to 69 years (p = 0.001). Regardless of the age group, high arterial blood pressure levels were found in 85.45% of participants. Also, many patients had glucose intolerance in the blood. The pelvic ultrasonography showed abnormal endometrial echo thickness (> 5 mm) in 6.14% of patients, but with no significant statistical difference between the age groups. A total of 4.04% of patients had ovaries with high volume values ( > 6.1 mL). Abnormal mammography (BI-RADS 3 or 4) was observed in 12.21%. CONCLUSIONS our data suggest that a great reduction in BMI and stature is more frequent in the group over 75 years. Also, systemic arterial hypertension and carbohydrate disturbance are frequent morbidities in women over 65 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Renato Bagnoli
- Setor do Climatério, Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Angela Maggio da Fonseca
- Setor do Climatério, Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Josefina Odete Polak Massabki
- Setor do Climatério, Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Wilson Maça Yuki Arie
- Setor do Climatério, Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Raymundo Soares Azevedo
- Departamento de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Eduardo Carvalho de Arruda Veiga
- Setor do Climatério, Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - José Maria Soares Junior
- Setor do Climatério, Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Edmund Chada Baracat
- Setor do Climatério, Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Association between depression and cardiovascular disease risk in general population of Korea: results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2016. Ann Occup Environ Med 2019; 31:e10. [PMID: 31543971 PMCID: PMC6751762 DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is considered as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and associated with changes in individuals' health status that might influence CVD risk. However, most studies have scrutinized this relationship on a rather narrower and specific study population. By focusing on general population of Korea, we sought to inspect the association of depression with CVD risk and cardiovascular risk factors. Methods The data from the first year (2016) of the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used. Participants were classified by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score as such: normal group (PHQ-9 score 0–4), mild depression (MD) group (PHQ-9 score 5–9) and moderate and severe depression (MSD) group (PHQ-9 score 10–27). General linear model was used to analyze differences and the trend of mean CVD risk according to depression level. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) were calculated by logistic regression to identify the association between depression and cardiovascular risk factors after adjusting for age. Results Mean CVD risk of MSD group was higher than that of normal group (p < 0.05). There was a tendency of CVD risk to increase as depression worsened (p < 0.01). Among men, MSD group was associated with current smoking (AOR, 2.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.78–4.97), taking antihypertensive medications (AOR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.26–4.66), increased fasting blood sugar (> 125 mg/dL; AOR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.25–4.50) and taking diabetes medications (AOR, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.65–5.72). MD group was associated with current smoking (AOR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.18–2.17). Among women, MSD group was associated with high body mass index (≥ 25 kg/m2; AOR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.11–2.32), large waist circumference (≥ 85 cm; AOR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.12–2.37), current smoking (AOR, 5.11; 95% CI, 3.07–8.52) and taking diabetes medications (AOR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.68–4.08). MD group was associated with current smoking (AOR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.18–2.93). Conclusions We suggest that depression is associated with increased risk for CVD occurrence in general population of Korea.
Collapse
|
54
|
Zhang L, Li JL, Zhang LL, Guo LL, Li H, Yan W, Li D. Relationship between adiposity parameters and cognition: the "fat and jolly" hypothesis in middle-aged and elderly people in China. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14747. [PMID: 30855469 PMCID: PMC6417533 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between adiposity parameters and cognition is complex. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between adiposity parameters and cognition in middle-aged and elderly people in China.Data were obtained from a cross-sectional study. Cognitive function was evaluated in 5 domains, and adiposity parameters were measured. The association between adiposity parameters and cognition was analyzed using multiple linear and binary logistic regression analyses.After controlling for confounders, men with overweight and obesity had better scores in TICS-10 ([1] total, overweight vs normal: P = .006, β = 0.04; obesity vs normal: P = .005, β = 0.04. [2] stratification by age, with age ≥ 59 years, overweight vs normal: P = .006, β = 0.05; obesity vs normal: P = .014, β = 0.05. [3] stratification by educational levels, with less than elementary education, overweight vs normal: P = .011, β = 0.05; obesity vs normal: P = .005, β = 0.05), immediate word recall ([1] total, overweight vs normal: P = .015, β = 0.04. [2] stratification by age, with age 45-58 years, overweight vs normal: P = .036, β = 0.05. [3] stratification by educational levels, with less than elementary education, overweight vs normal: P = .044, β = 0.04; above high school, overweight vs normal: P = .041, β = 0.09), self-rated memory ([1] stratification by age, with age ≥ 59 years, overweight vs normal: P = .022, β = 0.05. [2] stratification by educational levels, with less than elementary education, overweight vs normal: P = .023, β = 0.04), and drawing a picture ([1] total, overweight vs normal: OR = 1.269, 95% CI = 1.05-1.53. [2] stratification by educational levels, with less than elementary education, overweight vs normal: OR = 1.312, 95% CI = 1.06-1.63); obesity vs normal: OR = 1.601, 95% CI = 1.11-2.31 than the normal weight; women with overweight and obesity had better measure scores in the TICS-10 ([1] total, overweight vs normal: P < .0001, β = 0.06; obesity vs normal: P < .0001, β = 0.05. [2] stratification by age, with age 45-58 years, obesity vs normal: P = .007, β = 0.05; with age ≥ 59 years: overweight vs normal: P < .0001, β = 0.07, obesity vs normal: P = .002, β = 0.06. [3] stratification by educational levels, with illiterate, overweight vs normal: P = .001, β = 0.08; obesity vs normal: P = .004, β = 0.06; with less than elementary education, overweight vs normal: P < .0001, β = 0.07; obesity vs normal: P = .010, β = 0.05), immediate word recall ([1] total, overweight vs normal: P = .011, β = 0.04; obesity vs normal: P = .002, β = 0.04. [2] stratification by age, with age 45-58 years, obesity vs normal: P = .021, β = 0.05; with age ≥ 59 years: overweight vs normal: P = .003, β = 0.06. [3] stratification by educational levels, with illiterate, obesity vs normal: P = .028, β = 0.05; with less than elementary education, obesity vs normal: P = .016, β = 0.05), delay word recall ([1] total, overweight vs normal: P = .015, β = 0.03; obesity vs normal: P = .031, β = 0.03. [2] stratification by age, with age ≥ 59 years: overweight vs normal: P = .004, β = 0.06. [3] stratification by educational levels, with less than elementary education, obesity vs normal: P = .043, β = 0.04), self-rated memory ([1] total, obesity vs normal: P = .026, β = 0.03. [2] stratification by age, with age ≥ 59 years, overweight vs normal: P = .044, β = 0.04; obesity vs normal: P = .018, β = 0.05), and drawing a picture ([1] total, overweight vs normal: OR = 1.226, 95% CI = 1.06-1.42. [2] stratification by age, with age 45-58 years: overweight vs normal: OR = 1.246, 95% CI = 1.02-1.53) than the normal weight. Regarding the association between WC and cognitive function, the obesity demonstrated better mental capacity ([1] total, men: P < .0001, β = 0.06; women: P < .0001, β = 0.05. [2] stratification by age, men with age 45-58 years: P < .0001, β = 0.08; men with ≥ 59 years: P = .006, β = 0.05. women with age 45-58 years: P = .001, β = 0.06; women with ≥ 59 years: P = .012, β = 0.04. [3] stratification by educational levels, men with illiterate: P = .045, β = 0.09; men with less than elementary education: P < .0001, β = 0.08; women with illiterate: P < .0001, β = 0.09), ability to recall immediately ([1] total, men: P = .030, β = 0.03; women: P = .001, β = 0.05. [2] stratification by age, women with age 45-58 years: P = .028, β = 0.04; women with ≥ 59 years: P = .007, β = 0.05. [3] stratification by educational levels, men with less than elementary education: P = .007, β = 0.05; women with illiterate: P = .027, β = 0.05; women with less than elementary education: P = .002, β = 0.06), delay word recall ([1] total, women: P = .044, β = 0.03. [2] stratification by educational levels, men with less than elementary education: P = .023, β = 0.04), self-rated memory (stratification by educational levels, women with less than elementary education: P = .030, β = 0.04), and draw a picture ([1] total, men: OR = 1.399, 95% CI = 1.17-1.67; women: OR = 1.273, 95% CI = 1.12-1.45. [2] stratification by age, men with age 45-58 years: OR = 1.527, 95% CI = 1.15-2.03; men with age ≥ 59 years: OR = 1.284, 95% CI = 1.02-1.61; women with age 45-58 years: OR = 1.320, 95% CI = 1.10-1.58; women with age ≥ 59 years: OR = 1.223, 95% CI = 1.01-1.49. [3] stratification by educational levels, men with less than elementary education: OR = 1.528, 95% CI = 1.25-1.87; women with illiterate: OR = 1.404, 95% CI = 1.14-1.73) than the participants with normal weight after the multivariate adjustment.Our study demonstrated a significant relationship between adiposity parameters and cognition that supports the "jolly fat" hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, No.40, Section 3, Songpo Road, Linghe District Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province
| | - Jin-Long Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry in Hebei Province, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province
| | - Li-Li Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No.28, Section 2, Chongqing Road
| | - Lei-Lei Guo
- Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, No.40, Section 3, Songpo Road, Linghe District Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, No.40, Section 3, Songpo Road, Linghe District Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province
| | - Wenzhu Yan
- Department of anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, No.40, Section 3, Songpo Road
| | - Dan Li
- Experimental Center for Nursing, School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, No.40, Section 3, Songpo Road, Linghe District Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Dennison M, Sisson SB, Stephens L, Morris AS, Aston C, Dionne C, Knehans A, Dickens RD. Obesogenic Behaviors and Depressive Symptoms' Influence on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in American Indian Children. JOURNAL OF ALLIED HEALTH 2019; 48:100-107. [PMID: 31167011 PMCID: PMC9558564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND American Indian (AI) populations suffer disproportionately from cardiovascular disease and depression as compared to other racial/ethnic groups. Behaviors that contribute to obesity are considered obesogenic and include poor diet, low physical activity, and high screen time. This study examined the relationship between depressive symptoms and obesogenic behaviors on cardiometabolic risk factors in AI youth. METHODS Participants (n=121) were evaluated for depressive symptoms, obesogenic behaviors, weight, blood pressure, lipids, and glucose levels. RESULTS All participants failed to meet guidelines for intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and fruits/vegetables, 74% did not meet physical activity guidelines, and 85% did not meet screen time guidelines. Lower physical activity was associated with higher body fat percentage (b=-4.20 ± 1.82, p=0.022). Elevated depressive symptoms and presence of at-risk cardiometabolic risk factors were found. Higher depressive symptoms were associated with higher blood glucose (random, fasting, and hemoglobin A1c). CONCLUSIONS Low physical activity, high screen time, and the presence of depressive symptomology heighten cardiometabolic risk factors in AI children. Associations between depressive symptoms and blood glucose underscore the impact of emotional health on cardiometabolic disease and emphasize need for proper depression assessment in chronic disease prevention efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Dennison
- Oklahoma City Indian Clinic, 4913 W. Reno, Oklahoma City, OK 73127, USA. Tel 405-948-4900 ext 660.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
56
|
Hawkins J, Watkins D, Allen JO, Mitchell J. Identifying subgroups of Black, Hispanic and Asian men at increased risk for comorbid depression and overweight or obesity. Prev Med Rep 2018; 12:268-270. [PMID: 30406004 PMCID: PMC6214873 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Comorbid depression and overweight or obesity increase risk for developing many chronic diseases. Investigating men of color without using a non-Hispanic White male reference group will capture a more nuanced picture of how socio-demographic factors contribute to increased risk for comorbid depression and overweight or obesity among and between men of color. This study used the U.S.-based 2014 National Health Interview Survey (n = 1363) in May 2018 to examine associations between race/ethnicity and comorbid overweight or obesity and depression in men. Men were more likely to be obese or overweight and depressed if they were older (31-54 years old and 55+) [OR = 2.387, 95% CI: 1.526, 3.873, p = 0.000; OR = 2.220, 95% CI: 1.355, 3.635, p = 0.002], Black [OR = 2.745, 95% CI: 1.622, 4.646, p < 0.001], Hispanic [OR = 2.967, 95% CI: 1.762, 4.995, p < 0.001], or earned $35,000-$74,999 [OR = 1.987, 95% CI: 1.255-3.152, p = 0.004]. We identified socio-demographic sub-groups of men at increased risk for comorbid depression and overweight or obesity. Examining intra-group differences among men of color will help clinicians and researchers to address more nuanced socio-demographic characteristics of groups of men who are more at risk for developing a chronic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaclynn Hawkins
- University of Michigan, School of Social Work, United States
| | - Daphne Watkins
- University of Michigan, School of Social Work, United States
| | - Julie Ober Allen
- University of Michigan, Population Studies Center, United States
| | - Jamie Mitchell
- University of Michigan, School of Social Work, United States
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Horn SR, Long MM, Nelson BW, Allen NB, Fisher PA, Byrne ML. Replication and reproducibility issues in the relationship between C-reactive protein and depression: A systematic review and focused meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 73:85-114. [PMID: 29928963 PMCID: PMC6800199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most common inflammatory markers examined in depression is C-reactive protein (CRP). However, the magnitude of the association between CRP and depression when controlling for potentially confounding factors such as age, sex, socio-economic status, body mass index, medication and other substance use, and medical illness, is unclear. Inconsistencies in other methodological practices, such as sample collection, assaying, and data cleaning and transformation, may contribute to variations in results. We aggregate studies that examined the association between CRP and depression in two ways. First, a systematic review summarizes how studies of CRP and depression have reported on methodological issues. Second, a tiered meta-analysis aggregates studies that have adhered to various levels of methodological rigor. Findings from the systematic review indicate a lack of protocol detail provided. The effect between depression and CRP was small, but highly significant across all stages of the meta-analysis (p < 0.01). The effect size in the most methodologically rigorous stage of the meta-analysis, which included studies controlling for age, sex, obesity, medical conditions and substance, medication, or psychosocial factors, was small (r = 0.05). There were also only 26 articles in this stage (13% of studies from the systematic review), suggesting that more studies that consistently account for these confounding factors are needed. Additionally, an a priori quality score of methodological rigor was a significant moderator in this stage of the meta-analysis. The effect size was strikingly attenuated (r = 0.005) and non-significant in studies with higher quality scores. We describe a set of recommended guidelines for future research to consider, including sample collection and assaying procedures, data cleaning and statistical methods, and control variables to assess.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Horn
- University of Oregon, Department of Psychology, 1227 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97402, United States.
| | - Madison M Long
- University of Oregon, Department of Psychology, 1227 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97402, United States; Leiden University, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Pieter de la Court Building, P.O. Box 9555, 2300 RB Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin W Nelson
- University of Oregon, Department of Psychology, 1227 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97402, United States
| | - Nicholas B Allen
- University of Oregon, Department of Psychology, 1227 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97402, United States
| | - Philip A Fisher
- University of Oregon, Department of Psychology, 1227 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97402, United States
| | - Michelle L Byrne
- University of Oregon, Department of Psychology, 1227 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97402, United States
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Molina KM, Estrella ML, Rivera-Olmedo N, Frisard C, Lemon S, Rosal MC. It Weigh(t)s on You: Everyday Discrimination and Adiposity Among Latinos. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:1474-1480. [PMID: 30175908 PMCID: PMC6159926 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence suggests discrimination increases the risk of obesity. The biopsychosocial model of racism posits that psychological factors such as depressive symptoms may link experiences of perceived interpersonal discrimination to obesity. This study tested whether self-reported experiences of everyday discrimination were associated with adiposity indicators and whether depressive symptoms explained these associations. METHODS Cross-sectional survey data of 602 Latino adults living in Lawrence, Massachusetts, from the Latino Health and Well-being Project (2011-2013) were used. Participants completed questionnaires assessing perceived everyday discrimination and depressive symptoms. Anthropometric measures (i.e., BMI and waist circumference [WC]) were obtained by trained staff. Structural equation modeling was employed to test for direct and indirect effects of perceived everyday discrimination on adiposity. RESULTS Perceived everyday discrimination was directly and positively associated with higher BMI and WC, independent of sociodemographic factors, physical activity, and stressful life events. Perceived everyday discrimination was not indirectly associated with BMI and WC through depressive symptoms. However, perceived everyday discrimination was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Self-reported everyday discrimination among Latino adults is associated with adiposity. Day-to-day interpersonal discrimination may be implicated in obesity disparities for Latino adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristine M Molina
- Department of Psychology, Community and Prevention Research Program, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mayra L Estrella
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Noemi Rivera-Olmedo
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Christine Frisard
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephenie Lemon
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Milagros C Rosal
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Alhalal E. Obesity in women who have experienced intimate partner violence. J Adv Nurs 2018; 74:2785-2797. [DOI: 10.1111/jan.13797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eman Alhalal
- Nursing College, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Gorman S, Lucas RM, Allen-Hall A, Fleury N, Feelisch M. Ultraviolet radiation, vitamin D and the development of obesity, metabolic syndrome and type-2 diabetes. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 16:362-373. [PMID: 28009891 DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00274a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is increasing in prevalence in many countries around the world. Its causes have been traditionally ascribed to a model where energy intake exceeds energy consumption. Reduced energy output in the form of exercise is associated with less sun exposure as many of these activities occur outdoors. This review explores the potential for ultraviolet radiation (UVR), derived from sun exposure, to affect the development of obesity and two of its metabolic co-morbidities, type-2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. We here discuss the potential benefits (or otherwise) of exposure to UVR based on evidence from pre-clinical, human epidemiological and clinical studies and explore and compare the potential role of UVR-induced mediators, including vitamin D and nitric oxide. Overall, emerging findings suggest a protective role for UVR and sun exposure in reducing the development of obesity and cardiometabolic dysfunction, but more epidemiological and clinical research is required that focuses on measuring the direct associations and effects of exposure to UVR in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Gorman
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia.
| | - Robyn M Lucas
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia. and National Centre of Epidemiology and Public Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory
| | - Aidan Allen-Hall
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia.
| | - Naomi Fleury
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia.
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent reports suggest that the risk of depressive symptoms in obesity is potentiated in subjects presenting a metabolically unhealthy phenotype. Inflammation is often considered a defining criteria of metabolic health. However, this factor may drive the association of metabolic health with depressive symptoms given its well-known role in the pathophysiology of depression. This study aimed at determining the relative contribution of inflammation and metabolic abnormalities to depressive symptoms in obesity. METHODS One-hundred severely obese adults (BMI ≥ 35-40 kg/m2) and 25 non-obese control individuals (BMI < 30 kg/m2) were recruited. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was measured as a marker of systemic inflammation. Metabolically unhealthy obesity was defined as obesity associated with two or more metabolic alterations, including low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, high fasting glucose and hypertension. RESULTS Total MADRS scores were significantly higher in obese subjects with significant inflammation (hs-CRP ≥ 5 mg/L) compared to those with low inflammation (hs-CRP < 5 mg/L) and non-obese controls. Interestingly, hs-CRP levels significantly predicted MADRS scores in the whole population under study and in the group of obese subjects. Overall, no association was found between MADRS scores and individual metabolic alterations or the composite measure of metabolically unhealthy obesity. Similarly, the association of hs-CRP with MADRS scores in obese patients was not modulated by metabolic health factors. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that systemic inflammation represents a stronger contributor of obesity-related depressive symptoms than metabolic health per se. This supports the notion that inclusion of inflammation in the definition of metabolically unhealthy obesity drives the association found between poor metabolic health and depressive symptoms.
Collapse
|
62
|
Łopuszańska U, Makara-Studzińska M. Relationship between antipsychotic medication, obesity and cognitive functions. CURRENT PROBLEMS OF PSYCHIATRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/cpp-2017-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine whether the combination of atypical and typical antipsychotic medications is related with metabolism and cognitive functions in the same manner and degree as taking medications of one kind only, i.e. atypical or typical.
Material and methods: The participants of the study comprised of 91 adults with diagnosed mental illness (F-20-F69). The participants were divided into groups on the basis of the kind of administered medications: T+A (typical and atypical medications), A (atypical medications), T (typical medications), P (antidepressants, sedatives, normothymic/antiepileptic drugs). In the study, Short Test of Mental Status (STMS), Verbal Fluency Test (VFT), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) were used for the purpose of examining cognitive functions.
Results: The kind of antipsychotic medications taken by the patients did not differentiate the group in relation to BMI (p<0.13), nor in relation to the level of general cognitive function (p<0.72) or verbal fluency (p<0.34). Both atypical antipsychotic medications and the combination of atypical and typical medications were related to the occurrence of abdominal obesity (p<0.01). An increase in waist circumference decreased an ability of abstract reasoning (p<0.005). When it comes to the body mass index, waist circumference negatively correlated with the delayed memory (p< 0.03, p<0.004).
Discussion: Both the combination of atypical and typical antipsychotic medications and atypical medications are associated with the occurrence of abdominal obesity. The deposition of fat tissue in the abdomen negatively correlated with an ability to learn.
Conclusions: The future studies might explain the interactions between antipsychotic medications, obesity and cognitive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Makara-Studzińska
- Department of Developmental and Health Psychology , Jagiellonian University - Collegium Medicum , Cracow
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Yazdani N, Hosseini SV, Amini M, Sobhani Z, Sharif F, Khazraei H. Relationship between Body Image and Psychological Well-being in Patients with Morbid Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY BASED NURSING AND MIDWIFERY 2018; 6:175-184. [PMID: 29607346 PMCID: PMC5845121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morbid obesity is rising around the world. It can cause unpleasant appearance and body image. Most of the studies have aimed to evaluate the psychopathology of overweight and obesity and paying attention to mental well-being in morbid obese individuals is rare. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the relationship between body image and psychological well-being in morbid obese patients. METHODS This cross-sectional study, using simple random sampling method, was done on 124 morbid obese patients who referred to obesity clinic in Shiraz from 2016 to 2017. The data were collected by body image index and psychological well-being questionnaire. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient test, ANOVA, and Regression analysis. RESULTS The results showed a significant relationship between body image and psychological well-being (r=0.43) (P<0.001), and between the total score of the body image and all the subscales of psychological well-being except autonomy and purpose in life (P<0.05). There was also a significant relationship between the total score of psychological well-being and all the subscales of body image (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the mean scores of the body image and those of psychological well-being in different categories of body mass index (BMI) (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Final results indicated that body image defects caused by obesity could lie in negative psychological well-being in all aspects. This study can promote health clinicians' knowledge in supporting of mental status of obese individuals. It is suggested that preventing and supporting intervention should be performed as effective methods for encountering and coping with psychological effects of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Negar Yazdani
- Department of Community Health of Nursing, School of Nursing, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran;
| | - Sayed Vahid Hosseini
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Colorectal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
| | - Masood Amini
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
| | - Zahra Sobhani
- Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
| | - Farkhondeh Sharif
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, School of Nursing, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
| | - Hajar Khazraei
- Colorectal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Central or overall obesity: which one is a better predictor of depressive symptoms in children, adolescents, and youths? Eat Weight Disord 2018; 23:117-123. [PMID: 27653851 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-016-0320-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Despite the strong effect of central obesity on individuals' physical health outcomes, there is little evidence underlying the relationship between central obesity and mental disorders such as depression, especially in children, adolescents, and youths of the developing countries. This study explores the relationship between depressive symptoms (DS) with central and overall obesity in a sample of Iranian children, adolescents, and youths. METHODS One thousand and fifty-two male participants ranging from 7 to 24 years old underwent standard anthropometry, and filled the DS questionnaire. RESULTS Having controlled the potential confounders (e.g., age, socioeconomic status, pubertal maturation status, and physical activity), we found waist circumference (WC) significantly related to DS in the children (standardized β = 0.14; P < 0.05) and adolescents (standardized β = 0.13; P < 0.05). No significant relationship was observed between WC and DS in the youths (standardized β = 0.09; P = 0.22). In addition, no significant relationship was observed between DS and the percentage of fat in the sampled children (standardized β = 0.085; P = 0.13), adolescents (standardized β = 0.10; P = 0.10), and youths (standardized β = -0.02; P = 0.75). CONCLUSION Central obesity (but not overall obesity) was a significant predictor of DS in the children and adolescents (7-18 years). However, DS in the youths (19-24 years) were not significantly associated with both the central and overall body obesity indices.
Collapse
|
65
|
Wedell-Neergaard AS, Eriksen L, Grønbæk M, Pedersen BK, Krogh-Madsen R, Tolstrup J. Low fitness is associated with abdominal adiposity and low-grade inflammation independent of BMI. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190645. [PMID: 29342196 PMCID: PMC5771585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Up to 30% of obese individuals are metabolically healthy. Metabolically healthy obese (MHO) individuals are characterized by having low abdominal adiposity, low inflammation level and low risk of developing metabolic comorbidity. In this study, we hypothesize that cardiorespiratory fitness (fitness) is a determinant factor for the MHO individuals and aim to investigate the associations between fitness, abdominal adiposity and low-grade inflammation within different BMI categories. METHOD Data from 10,976 individuals from the general population, DANHES 2007-2008, on waist circumference, fitness and C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were analysed using multiple linear and median quantile regressions. RESULTS In men, an inverse association between fitness (+5 mL min-1 kg-1) and waist circumference (-1.45 cm; 95% CI: -1.55 to -1.35 cm; p<0.001), and an inverse association between fitness (+5 mL min-1 kg-1) and hsCRP (-0.22 mg/L; 95% CI: -0.255 to -0.185 mg/L; p<0.001) was found, all independent of BMI. Similarly in women, an inverse association between fitness (+5 mL min-1 kg-1) and waist circumference (-1.15 cm; 95% CI: -1.25 to -1.0 cm; p<0.001), and an inverse association between fitness (+5 mL min-1 kg-1) and hsCRP (-0.26 mg/L; 95% CI: -0.3 to -0.22 mg/L; p<0.001) was found, all independent of BMI. Additionally, significant positive associations between waist circumference and hsCRP were found for both men and women, independently of BMI. CONCLUSION Fitness was found to be inversely associated with both abdominal adiposity and low-grade inflammation independent of BMI. These data suggest that, in spite of BMI, high fitness levels lead to a reduction in abdominal fat mass and low-grade inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Wedell-Neergaard
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Eriksen
- The National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Grønbæk
- The National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Klarlund Pedersen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Krogh-Madsen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Janne Tolstrup
- The National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Chaves Filho AJM, Lima CNC, Vasconcelos SMM, de Lucena DF, Maes M, Macedo D. IDO chronic immune activation and tryptophan metabolic pathway: A potential pathophysiological link between depression and obesity. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 80:234-249. [PMID: 28595944 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and depression are among the most pressing health problems in the contemporary world. Obesity and depression share a bidirectional relationship, whereby each condition increases the risk of the other. By inference, shared pathways may underpin the comorbidity between obesity and depression. Activation of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is a key factor in the pathophysiology of depression. CMI cytokines, including IFN-γ, TNFα and IL-1β, induce the catabolism of tryptophan (TRY) by stimulating indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) resulting in the synthesis of kynurenine (KYN) and other tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs). In the CNS, TRYCATs have been related to oxidative damage, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, cytotoxicity, excitotoxicity, neurotoxicity and lowered neuroplasticity. The pathophysiology of obesity is also associated with a state of aberrant inflammation that activates aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a pathway involved in the detection of intracellular or environmental changes as well as with increases in the production of TRYCATs, being KYN an agonists of AHR. Both AHR and TRYCATS are involved in obesity and related metabolic disorders. These changes in the TRYCAT pathway may contribute to the onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms in obesity. This paper reviews the role of immune activation, IDO stimulation and increased TRYCAT production in the pathophysiology of depression and obesity. Here we suggest that increased synthesis of detrimental TRYCATs is implicated in comorbid obesity and depression and is a new drug target to treat both diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriano José Maia Chaves Filho
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Camila Nayane Carvalho Lima
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Silvânia Maria Mendes Vasconcelos
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - David Freitas de Lucena
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Michael Maes
- Impact Strategic Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Danielle Macedo
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Yim G, Ahn Y, Cho J, Chang Y, Ryu S, Lim JY, Park HY. The "Jolly Fat" Effect in Middle-Aged Korean Women. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2017; 26:1236-1243. [PMID: 28922089 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2016.6254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been hypothesized that depression and obesity are bi-directionally associated, and when overweight people appear to show a lower risk of depression, this supports the "Jolly Fat" hypothesis. The aim of this study was to examine the "Jolly Fat" hypothesis in middle-aged women in Korea, by different perceived stress levels. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study of 44 to 56 aged Korean women (n = 2201) who underwent a health check-up program at the healthcare centers of Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (Seoul and Suwon centers) in Korea. General and abdominal obesity were defined as body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 and waist circumference ≥85 cm, respectively. Depressive symptoms were measured by a Korean version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale. The association between obesity and depressive symptoms was investigated by using multiple logistic regression analyses by different levels of perceived stress, with adjustment for potential confounding factors. RESULTS The prevalence of general and abdominal obesity and depressive symptoms were 23.7%, 21.4%, and 16.5%, respectively. Women with general obesity were less likely to have depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR]: 0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.25-1.00; p-value: 0.049) in the low-stress group. We also found that women with abdominal obesity had a 60% decrease in the odds of having depressive symptoms (OR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.18-0.87; p-value: 0.02) in the low-stress group. No significant association was found in the high-stress group. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the relationship between obesity and depressive symptoms in the Korean middle-aged women supports the "Jolly Fat" hypothesis. Further, our results underscore the role of stress as an important potential mediator exerting effects on the association between obesity and depressive symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gyeyoon Yim
- 1 Division of Cardiovascular and Rare Diseases, Center for Biomedical Science, Korea National Institute of Health , Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Younjhin Ahn
- 1 Division of Cardiovascular and Rare Diseases, Center for Biomedical Science, Korea National Institute of Health , Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Cho
- 2 Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
- 3 Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
- 4 Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University , School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoosoo Chang
- 5 Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungho Ryu
- 5 Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Yeon Lim
- 1 Division of Cardiovascular and Rare Diseases, Center for Biomedical Science, Korea National Institute of Health , Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Young Park
- 1 Division of Cardiovascular and Rare Diseases, Center for Biomedical Science, Korea National Institute of Health , Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Madhav KC, Sherchand SP, Sherchan S. Association between screen time and depression among US adults. Prev Med Rep 2017; 8:67-71. [PMID: 28879072 PMCID: PMC5574844 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological surveys conducted in general populations have found that the prevalence of depression is about 9% in the United States. World Health Organization has projected that depression will be leading cause of disease burden by the year 2030. Growing evidence suggests that sedentary lifestyle is an important risk factor of depression among adults. The relationship between television watching/computer use and depression in US adults is still unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between television watching/computer use and depression. This is a cross-sectional study that used the secondary data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) (2011/2012). Participants were 3201 US adults who were 20 years or more. Self-reported Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9] was used to classify depression level; self-reported hours of watching TV and use of computer/day, and demographic information were obtained from NHANES data set. SAS®9.4was used to perform all statistical analyses and final model selection procedure. Depression was found to be significantly higher among female. Results showed that moderate or severe depression level was associated with higher time spent on TV watching and use of computer (> 6 h/day) (adjusted odds ratio: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.602–3.442). Duration of screen time was significantly associated when all covariates were adjusted. TV watching and computer use can predict the depression level among adults. Prospective studies and measurement of factors such as: work place sitting, social relationship, and family history of depression are warranted. Assess the relationship between television watching/computer use and depression Depression was found to be significantly higher among female. Moderate or severe depression level was associated with higher screen time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K C Madhav
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, School of Public Health, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Shardulendra Prasad Sherchand
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Samendra Sherchan
- Department of Global Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is a huge burden both for individuals and society as a whole. Although depression has been negatively associated with ideal glycemic control, little is known about the prevalence of depression or its associated factors among rural Taiwanese adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (type2 DM). PURPOSE The purposes of this study were to investigate the prevalence of depression in rural-dwelling sufferers of type2 DM and to highlight the relationships between their depression status and health promoting behaviors such as physical activity, keeping active in life, sleep sufficiency, and adopting a diabetic diet. METHODS A cross-sectional, correlational design was used to recruit 696 participants from local healthcare centers in rural areas of Chiayi County, Taiwan. Data were collected from March 30, 2010, to August 30, 2012. The Chinese version of the Geriatric Depression Scale and its associated physiological biomarkers were used as screening tools. Logistic regression was used to identify the factors that were associated with depression status. RESULTS The prevalence of depression in this study was 16.8%. Factors found to be associated with depression included being female, having a low level of education, receiving reduced family support, having little physical activity, failing to follow a diabetic diet, frequent inactivity, and having insufficient sleep. There were no significant differences in the physiological indicators between the depressive and nondepressive groups. After controlling for confounding factors, a logistic regression model showed that depression status was associated with a lack of sleep (OR = 2.85, p < .001), less frequent exercise (OR = 2.67, p < .001), and frequent inactivity (OR = 2.35, p = .001). CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE This study showed that the prevalence of depression among adults with type2 DM living in rural areas is relatively high. From the perspective of health promotion, future research should focus on how to improve quality of sleep by enhancing daily physical activity and on investigating the effect of promoting a more active lifestyle among those at risk on depression.
Collapse
|
70
|
Khandoker AH, Luthra V, Abouallaban Y, Saha S, Ahmed KIU, Mostafa R, Chowdhury N, Jelinek HF. Suicidal Ideation Is Associated with Altered Variability of Fingertip Photo-Plethysmogram Signal in Depressed Patients. Front Physiol 2017; 8:501. [PMID: 28769817 PMCID: PMC5516215 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological and psychological underpinnings of suicidal behavior remain ill-defined and lessen timely diagnostic identification of this subgroup of patients. Arterial stiffness is associated with autonomic dysregulation and may be linked to major depressive disorder (MDD). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between arterial stiffness by photo-plethysmogram (PPG) in MDD with and without suicidal ideation (SI) by applying multiscale tone entropy (T-E) variability analysis. Sixty-one 10-min PPG recordings were analyzed from 29 control, 16 MDD patients with (MDDSI+) and 16 patients without SI (MDDSI-). MDD was based on a psychiatric evaluation and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Severity of depression was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). PPG features included peak (systole), trough (diastole), pulse wave amplitude (PWA), pulse transit time (PTT) and pulse wave velocity (PWV). Tone (Diastole) at all lags and Tone (PWA) at lags 8, 9, and 10 were found to be significantly different between the MDDSI+ and MDDSI- group. However, Tone (PWA) at all lags and Tone (PTT) at scales 3-10 were also significantly different between the MDDSI+ and CONT group. In contrast, Entropy (Systole), Entropy (Diastole) and Tone (Diastole) were significantly different between MDDSI- and CONT groups. The suicidal score was also positively correlated (r = 0.39 ~ 0.47; p < 0.05) with systolic and diastolic entropy values at lags 2-10. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and leave-one-out cross-validation were performed to study the effectiveness of multi-lag T-E features in predicting SI risk. The accuracy of predicting SI was 93.33% in classifying MDDSI+ and MDDSI- with diastolic T-E and lag between 2 and 10. After including anthropometric variables (Age, body mass index, and Waist Circumference), that accuracy increased to 96.67% for MDDSI+/- classification. Our findings suggest that tone-entropy based PPG variability can be used as an additional accurate diagnostic tool for patients with depression to identify SI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan H Khandoker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa UniversityAbu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of MelbourneVIC, Australia
| | - Veena Luthra
- American Center for Psychiatry and NeurologyAbu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yousef Abouallaban
- American Center for Psychiatry and NeurologyAbu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Simanto Saha
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, United International UniversityDhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Khawza I U Ahmed
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, United International UniversityDhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Raqibul Mostafa
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, United International UniversityDhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nayeefa Chowdhury
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa UniversityAbu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Herbert F Jelinek
- School of Community Health and Centre for Research in Complex Systems, Charles Sturt UniversityAlbury, NSW, Australia.,Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Dolatian A, Arzaghi SM, Qorbani M, Pishva H. The Relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Depression According to the rs16139NPY Gene. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2017; 12:201-205. [PMID: 29062372 PMCID: PMC5640582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Obesity and depression are likely to interact mutually, which makes it unclear whether obesity causes depression or depression leads to obesity, and how the genotypes have a role in obesity and depression. Method: This cross- sectional study was conducted on a sample of 400 individuals from the participants in the third phase of the comprehensive Iranian Multicenter Osteoporosis Study (IMOS). Anthropometric measurements and depression were assessed. PCR-RFLP was used to investigate the NPY polymorphism. Binary logistic regression model was employed to determine depression as the dependent factor and gene polymorphism. Results: The frequency of NPY rs16139 was 6%. No significant association was found between NPY genotypes and depression (p >0.05). Furthermore, the results suggest that those with central obesity had an increased chance of developing depression (P = 0.02). Conclusion: The frequency of NPY polymorphism was 6%. Our study could not find a correlation between rs16139 and depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Dolatian
- Department of Cellular-Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Masoud Arzaghi
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- School of Medicine, Community Medicine Department, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hamideh Pishva
- Department of Cellular-Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Corresponding Author: School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 44, Hojjat-Dost Alley, St. Naderi, Keshavarz Blvd, Tel: +982142933033, Fax: +982166462267,
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Koksal UI, Erturk Z, Koksal AR, Ozsenel EB, Kaptanogullari OH. What is the Importance of Body Composition in Obesity-related Depression? Eurasian J Med 2017; 49:102-106. [PMID: 28638251 PMCID: PMC5469834 DOI: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2017.16129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is known that depression is common in obese individuals. Besides the effects of obesity, pathogenic effects of increase in visceral and abdominal fat mass on depression are also being investigated. Our study aimed to show the relationship between visceral fat percentage detected with practical methods and the presence and severity of depression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our study included 104 obese patients and 50 healthy controls. In all individuals, the severity of depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Anthropometric measurements, visceral fat percentage, and body fat percentage were measured using the bioelectric impedance method. RESULTS The mean age was 51.5±12.3 years, and 65 participants (62.5%) were women. BDI scores were statistically higher in the obese group than in the control group (23.1±10.9 and 12.1±9.4, p<0.001). In the obese group, 63.5% of patients were depressed, and in the control group, this was 24%. Women were more depressed in the obese group, but there was no significant difference between men and women in the control group. Body fat percentage was the highest correlating parameter with depression severity. Positive correlation was found between depression severity and body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, and visceral fat percentage. In the logistic regression analysis, obesity was found as an independent risk factor for depression (OR: 4.84, 2.1-10.7, p<0.001). CONCLUSION According to the results of our study, obesity is a significant and independent risk factor for depression. Obesity type and body composition are important factors that determine the severity of depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulkuhan Iner Koksal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Erturk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Riza Koksal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ekmel Burak Ozsenel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
73
|
Pereira-Miranda E, Costa PRF, Queiroz VAO, Pereira-Santos M, Santana MLP. Overweight and Obesity Associated with Higher Depression Prevalence in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Am Coll Nutr 2017; 36:223-233. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2016.1261053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Priscila R. F. Costa
- Department of Science Nutrition, Federal University of Bahia, Canela, Salvador-Ba, BRAZIL
| | | | - Marcos Pereira-Santos
- Biologic and Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras-Ba, BRAZIL
| | - Mônica L. P. Santana
- Department of Science Nutrition, Federal University of Bahia, Canela, Salvador-Ba, BRAZIL
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
A high fat diet-induced decrease in hippocampal newly-born neurons of male mice is exacerbated by mild psychological stress using a Communication Box. J Affect Disord 2017; 209:209-216. [PMID: 27930914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obese persons have a higher incidence of depression than healthy-weight persons. Several studies indicated that the exposure to a high fat diet (HFD) results in a decrease in hippocampal neurogenesis, which leads to higher stress response and stress-induced depression. Although stress is a risk factor for obesity and depression, no studies to date have investigated the effect of stress on the hippocampal neurogenesis of HFD-induced obese animals. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether or not obese HFD-fed mice are vulnerable to stress-induced depression by investigating hippocampal neurogenesis. METHODS Sixty-four male ICR mice (four weeks of age) were fed a control (N=24) or 45%HFD (N=40) for seven weeks. Of the HFD-fed group, twenty-four mice met the criteria for "diet-induced obesity". The animals were then exposed to three consecutive days of psychological stress using a Communication Box. Half were sacrificed to evaluate the physiological changes, and the other half were perfused to quantify hippocampal neuroblasts/immature neurons by the estimation of doublecortin-immunopositive cells. RESULTS In the HFD-fed mice, psychological stress resulted in increases in caloric intake and visceral adipose tissue and a significant decrease in doublecortin-positive cells in the dentate gyrus; however, no such differences were found in the control diet-fed group. Limitations Further study using other neurogenic markers to assess the stage-specific changes in hippocampal neurogenesis will be required CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that an HFD-induced decrease in hippocampal newly-born neurons leads to stress vulnerability, which may contribute to a high risk of stress-induced depression for obese persons.
Collapse
|
75
|
Breymeyer KL, Lampe JW, McGregor BA, Neuhouser ML. Subjective mood and energy levels of healthy weight and overweight/obese healthy adults on high-and low-glycemic load experimental diets. Appetite 2016; 107:253-259. [PMID: 27507131 PMCID: PMC5154680 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests a positive association of diet and obesity with depression. Researchers have examined several diet-mood hypotheses, including investigating the extent to which carbohydrates may impact mood. There is limited research on how glycemic load, a characteristic of carbohydrates, impacts mood in healthy adults. Eighty-two healthy weight and overweight/obese, but otherwise healthy, adults enrolled in a randomized, crossover controlled feeding study testing low-compared to high-glycemic load diets. All participants completed self-report mood and energy level questionnaires during each arm of the intervention. Diets were isocaloric and were matched by macronutrient content as a percent of total energy. Mood was assessed with the Profile of Mood States (POMS) subscales; tension-anxiety, depression-dejection, anger-hostility, vigor-activity, fatigue-inertia, and confusion-bewilderment, total mood disturbance (TMD), and negative affect (NA) in addition to the Center for Epidemiological Studies - Depression (CES-D) scale at baseline and end of both 28-day feeding periods. Linear mixed models tested the intervention effect on mood, controlling for baseline POMS and CES-D scores, diet type, diet sequence, feeding period, sex, and percent body fat classification. The consumption of the high-glycemic load diet resulted in a 38% higher score for depressive symptoms on the CES-D (P = 0.002) compared to the low-glycemic load diet as well as 55% higher score for TMD (P = 0.05), and 26% higher score for fatigue/inertia (P = 0.04). In subgroup analyses, the overweight/obese participants had 40% higher scores on the CES-D scale compared to healthy weight participants (P = 0.05). In conclusion, a high-glycemic load diet was associated with higher depression symptoms, total mood disturbance, and fatigue compared to a low-glycemic load diet especially in overweight/obese, but otherwise healthy, adults. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00622661.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kara L Breymeyer
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, 98109, United States.
| | - Johanna W Lampe
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, 98109, United States.
| | - Bonnie A McGregor
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, 98109, United States.
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, 98109, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Hsu FC, Yuan M, Bowden DW, Xu J, Smith SC, Wagenknecht LE, Langefeld CD, Divers J, Register TC, Carr JJ, Williamson JD, Sink KM, Maldjian JA, Freedman BI. Adiposity is inversely associated with hippocampal volume in African Americans and European Americans with diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2016; 30:1506-1512. [PMID: 27615667 PMCID: PMC5050135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess associations between body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and computed tomography-determined volumes of pericardial, visceral, and subcutaneous adipose tissue with magnetic resonance imaging-(MRI) based cerebral structure and cognitive performance in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS This study was performed in 348 African Americans (AAs) and 256 European Americans (EAs) with T2D. Associations between adiposity measures with cerebral volumes of white matter (WMV), gray matter (GMV), white matter lesions, hippocampal GMV, and hippocampal WMV, cognitive performance and depression were examined using marginal models incorporating generalized estimating equations. All models were adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking, HbA1c, hypertension, statins, cardiovascular disease, MRI scanner (MRI outcomes only), and time between scans; some neuroimaging measures were additionally adjusted for intracranial volume. RESULTS Participants were 59.9% female with mean (SD) age 57.7(9.3)years, diabetes duration 9.6(6.8)years, and HbA1c 7.8(1.9)%. In AAs, inverse associations were detected between hippocampal GMV and both BMI (β [95% CI]-0.18 [-0.30, -0.07], P=0.0018) and WC (-0.23 [-0.35, -0.12], P=0.0001). In the full bi-ethnic sample, inverse associations were detected between hippocampal WMV and WC (P≤0.0001). Positive relationships were observed between BMI (P=0.0007) and WC (P<0.0001) with depression in EAs. CONCLUSIONS In patients with T2D, adiposity is inversely associated with hippocampal gray and white matter volumes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Chi Hsu
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mingxia Yuan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Centers for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research & Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jianzhao Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - S Carrie Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Lynne E Wagenknecht
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Carl D Langefeld
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jasmin Divers
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Thomas C Register
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - J Jeffrey Carr
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeff D Williamson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kaycee M Sink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Joseph A Maldjian
- Department of Radiology, Advanced Neuroscience Imaging Research (ANSIR) Laboratory, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Barry I Freedman
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Fleury N, Geldenhuys S, Gorman S. Sun Exposure and Its Effects on Human Health: Mechanisms through Which Sun Exposure Could Reduce the Risk of Developing Obesity and Cardiometabolic Dysfunction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:E999. [PMID: 27727191 PMCID: PMC5086738 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13100999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a significant burden on global healthcare due to its high prevalence and associations with chronic health conditions. In our animal studies, ongoing exposure to low dose ultraviolet radiation (UVR, found in sunlight) reduced weight gain and the development of signs of cardiometabolic dysfunction in mice fed a high fat diet. These observations suggest that regular exposure to safe levels of sunlight could be an effective means of reducing the burden of obesity. However, there is limited knowledge around the nature of associations between sun exposure and the development of obesity and cardiometabolic dysfunction, and we do not know if sun exposure (independent of outdoor activity) affects the metabolic processes that determine obesity in humans. In addition, excessive sun exposure has strong associations with a number of negative health consequences such as skin cancer. This means it is very important to "get the balance right" to ensure that we receive benefits without increasing harm. In this review, we detail the evidence around the cardiometabolic protective effects of UVR and suggest mechanistic pathways through which UVR could be beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Fleury
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, P.O. Box 855, Perth 6872, Australia.
| | - Sian Geldenhuys
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, P.O. Box 855, Perth 6872, Australia.
| | - Shelley Gorman
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, P.O. Box 855, Perth 6872, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Lackner N, Bengesser SA, Birner A, Painold A, Fellendorf FT, Platzer M, Reininghaus B, Weiss EM, Mangge H, McIntyre RS, Fuchs D, Kapfhammer HP, Wallner-Liebmann SJ, Reininghaus EZ. Abdominal obesity is associated with impaired cognitive function in euthymic bipolar individuals. World J Biol Psychiatry 2016; 17:535-46. [PMID: 26068130 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2015.1046917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Overweight/obesity has been implicated to play a role in cognitive deficits in bipolar disorder (BD). This study aims to identify the relationship between body fat distribution and different domains of cognition in BD during euthymia. METHODS A sample of 100 euthymic individuals with BD was measured with a cognitive test battery (i.e., Trail Making Test-A-B/TM-A/B, d2 Test of Attention, Stroop test, California Verbal Learning Test/CVLT) and an anthropometric measures set (body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip-ratio, waist-to-height-ratio, and lipometry). Patient data were compared with a healthy control group (n = 64). RESULTS Results show that overweight patients with BD exhibit lower performance in the TMT-A/B as well as in the free recall performance of the CVLT compared to normal-weight patients with BD and controls. In bipolar individuals, (abdominal) obesity was significantly associated with a poor cognitive performance. In bipolar females, associations with measures of verbal learning and memory were found; in bipolar males, associations with poor performance in the TMT-A/B and in the Stroop interference task were demonstrated. In controls, no associations were found. CONCLUSIONS There are several possible pathways moderating the association between obesity and cognition in BD. Anthropometric and lipometry data underline the substantial mediating impact of body fat distribution on cognition in BD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Lackner
- a Department of Psychiatry , Medical University Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - S A Bengesser
- a Department of Psychiatry , Medical University Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - A Birner
- a Department of Psychiatry , Medical University Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - A Painold
- a Department of Psychiatry , Medical University Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - F T Fellendorf
- a Department of Psychiatry , Medical University Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - M Platzer
- a Department of Psychiatry , Medical University Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - B Reininghaus
- b Therapiezentrum Justuspark, Versicherungsanstalt öffentlich Bediensteter , Austria
| | - E M Weiss
- c Department of Biological Psychology , Karl-Franzens University Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - H Mangge
- d Research Unit on Lifestyle and Inflammation-associated Risk Biomarkers, Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University Graz , Graz , Austria.,e BioTechMed-Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - R S McIntyre
- f Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - D Fuchs
- g Division of Biological Chemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria
| | - H P Kapfhammer
- a Department of Psychiatry , Medical University Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - S J Wallner-Liebmann
- h Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology , Medical University Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - E Z Reininghaus
- a Department of Psychiatry , Medical University Graz , Graz , Austria
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Abstract
Comparative effectiveness research (CER) aims to provide patients and physicians with evidence-based guidance on treatment decisions. As researchers conduct CER they face myriad challenges. Although inadequate control of confounding is the most-often cited source of potential bias, selection bias that arises when patients are differentially excluded from analyses is a distinct phenomenon with distinct consequences: confounding bias compromises internal validity, whereas selection bias compromises external validity. Despite this distinction, however, the label "treatment-selection bias" is being used in the CER literature to denote the phenomenon of confounding bias. Motivated by an ongoing study of treatment choice for depression on weight change over time, this paper formally distinguishes selection and confounding bias in CER. By formally distinguishing selection and confounding bias, this paper clarifies important scientific, design, and analysis issues relevant to ensuring validity. First is that the 2 types of biases may arise simultaneously in any given study; even if confounding bias is completely controlled, a study may nevertheless suffer from selection bias so that the results are not generalizable to the patient population of interest. Second is that the statistical methods used to mitigate the 2 biases are themselves distinct; methods developed to control one type of bias should not be expected to address the other. Finally, the control of selection and confounding bias will often require distinct covariate information. Consequently, as researchers plan future studies of comparative effectiveness, care must be taken to ensure that all data elements relevant to both confounding and selection bias are collected.
Collapse
|
80
|
Cakmak O, Tarhan H, Cimen S, Ekin RG, Akarken I, Oztekin O, Can E, Suelozgen T, Ilbey YO. The effect of abdominal fat parameters on percutaneous nephrolithotomy success. Can Urol Assoc J 2016; 10:E99-E103. [PMID: 27330587 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.3484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity has been suggested to lower the success of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). However, the relationship between abdominal fat parameters, such as visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue, and PCNL success remained unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of abdominal fat parameters on PCNL success. METHODS A total of 150 patients who underwent PCNL were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Group 1 consisted of patients who had no residual stones or residual stone fragments <3 mm in diameter while group 2 included patients with residual stone fragments ≥3 mm. PCNL procedure was defined as successful if all stones were eliminated or if there were residual stone fragments <3 mm in diameter confirmed by non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) performed postoperatively. Preoperative NCCT was used to determine abdominal fat parameters. RESULTS Group 1 consisted of 117 (78.0%) patients while group 2 included 33 (22.0%) patients. On univariate analysis, stone number, stone surface area (SSA), visceral fat area (VFA), abdominal circumference on computerized tomography (ACCT), and duration of procedure were found to be predictive factors affecting PCNL success. Logistic regression analysis revealed that ACCT and SSA were independent prognostic factors for PCNL success. CONCLUSIONS PCNL success was not affected by VFA, subcutaneous fat area (SFA) and body mass index (BMI) in our series. However, ACCT and SSA had negative associations with PCNL success. We conclude that both ACCT and SSA can be used as tools for predicting PCNL outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozgur Cakmak
- Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Urology Department, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Tarhan
- Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Urology Department, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sertac Cimen
- Dalhousie University, Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Rahmi Gokhan Ekin
- Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Urology Department, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ilker Akarken
- Kemalpasa State Hospital, Urology Department, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Oztekin
- Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Urology Department, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ertan Can
- Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Urology Department, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tufan Suelozgen
- Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Urology Department, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Ozlem Ilbey
- Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Urology Department, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Yuenyongchaiwat K. Effects of 10,000 steps a day on physical and mental health in overweight participants in a community setting: a preliminary study. Braz J Phys Ther 2016; 20:367-73. [PMID: 27556393 PMCID: PMC5015672 DOI: 10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2014.0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Being overweight is associated not only with physical health problems, but also
with risk of mental health problems. Increased physical activity (PA) has been
recommended for the prevention of cardiovascular disease; however, little is known
about the effect of walking on physical and mental health outcomes. Objective The purpose of the study was to explore the effectiveness of a pedometer-based PA
intervention on physical and mental health states. Method Thirty-five overweight participants with body mass index (BMI) ≥25
kg•m–2 were selected and assigned to a 12-week pedometer-based
walking program (10,000 steps•d–1). The profile of mood states, BMI,
waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage (%BF), and lean body mass (LBM) were
measured before and after the 12-week intervention. The number of step counts was
recorded 5 days a week in a diary booklet. Results The 30 participants who accumulated 10,000 steps•d–1 had significantly
lower anxiety, depression, anger, fatigue, confusion, and total mood distress
scores compared with measurements taken prior to the intervention. Further, the
participants had higher vigor scores compared to baseline. Regarding physical
health, the participants who accrued 10,000 steps a day had significantly lower
body weight, WC, BMI, and %BP. After adjustment for gender, height, and daily
steps at follow-up, changes in WC were negatively associated with depression,
fatigue, confusion, and total mood distress. Conclusions An increase in PA by accumulating at least 10,000 steps•d–1 over a
12-week period improves physical and mood states in sedentary, overweight
individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kornanong Yuenyongchaiwat
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Fowler SPG. Low-calorie sweetener use and energy balance: Results from experimental studies in animals, and large-scale prospective studies in humans. Physiol Behav 2016; 164:517-523. [PMID: 27129676 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
For more than a decade, pioneering animal studies conducted by investigators at Purdue University have provided evidence to support a central thesis: that the uncoupling of sweet taste and caloric intake by low-calorie sweeteners (LCS) can disrupt an animal's ability to predict the metabolic consequences of sweet taste, and thereby impair the animal's ability to respond appropriately to sweet-tasting foods. These investigators' work has been replicated and extended internationally. There now exists a body of evidence, from a number of investigators, that animals chronically exposed to any of a range of LCSs - including saccharin, sucralose, acesulfame potassium, aspartame, or the combination of erythritol+aspartame - have exhibited one or more of the following conditions: increased food consumption, lower post-prandial thermogenesis, increased weight gain, greater percent body fat, decreased GLP-1 release during glucose tolerance testing, and significantly greater fasting glucose, glucose area under the curve during glucose tolerance testing, and hyperinsulinemia, compared with animals exposed to plain water or - in many cases - even to calorically-sweetened foods or liquids. Adverse impacts of LCS have appeared diminished in animals on dietary restriction, but were pronounced among males, animals genetically predisposed to obesity, and animals with diet-induced obesity. Impacts have been especially striking in animals on high-energy diets: diets high in fats and sugars, and diets which resemble a highly-processed 'Western' diet, including trans-fatty acids and monosodium glutamate. These studies have offered both support for, and biologically plausible mechanisms to explain, the results from a series of large-scale, long-term prospective observational studies conducted in humans, in which longitudinal increases in weight, abdominal adiposity, and incidence of overweight and obesity have been observed among study participants who reported using diet sodas and other LCS-sweetened beverages daily or more often at baseline. Furthermore, frequent use of diet beverages has been associated prospectively with increased long-term risk and/or hazard of a number of cardiometabolic conditions usually considered to be among the sequelae of obesity: hypertension, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, depression, kidney dysfunction, heart attack, stroke, and even cardiovascular and total mortality. Reverse causality does not appear to explain fully the increased risk observed across all of these studies, the majority of which have included key potential confounders as covariates. These have included body mass index or waist circumference at baseline; total caloric intake and specific macronutrient intake; physical activity; smoking; demographic and other relevant risk factors; and/or family history of disease. Whether non-LCS ingredients in diet beverages might have independently increased the weight gain and/or cardiometabolic risk observed among frequent consumers of LCS-sweetened beverages deserves further exploration. In the meantime, however, there is a striking congruence between results from animal research and a number of large-scale, long-term observational studies in humans, in finding significantly increased weight gain, adiposity, incidence of obesity, cardiometabolic risk, and even total mortality among individuals with chronic, daily exposure to low-calorie sweeteners - and these results are troubling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon P G Fowler
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Parray IA, Parry MA, Latief M. Prevalence of dyslipidemia in school children of Kashmir valley. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2016; 10:S47-S54. [PMID: 26964521 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Increased incidence of CVD has been observed in recent years in the Kashmir valley (North India). Since the risk factor development of the cardiovascular diseases (CVD) takes place during childhood, we undertook an epidemiological survey to assess the prevalence of dyslipidemia in the school children of Kashmir valley. MATERIALS AND METHODS 1131 children of 5-19 years of age were selected and evaluated for BMI, cholesterol, TGs, LDL and HDL levels from different areas of Srinagar city (urban) region of the Kashmir valley from June 2011-June 2014. RESULTS The frequency of dyslipidemia in Kashmiri children varied along the subjects. Hypertriglyceridemia was seen in 82.6% of the males and 47.6% of females in the age group of 5-9 years, 38.5% of males and 51.1% of females in the age group of 10-14 years and 24.7% of males and 35.9% of the females in the age group of 15-19 years. Low levels of HDL than normal were seen in 34.7% of males and 19% of females in the age group of 5-9 years. Similarly low HDL levels were seen in 17.9% of males and 15.5% of females in the age group of 10-14 years. The incidence of low HDL was also seen in 4.9% of males and 10.8% of females in the age group of 15-19 years. CONCLUSIONS In the present study dyslipidemia was more common in centrally obese children and the most common component was high triglycerides and low HDL's. Female school children were at higher risk of developing CVD than males.
Collapse
|
84
|
Kim MS, Dao-Tran A, Davidowitz E, Tseng T, Gilsanz V, Ryabets-Lienhard A, Nguyen E, Geffner ME. Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Is Associated with Increased Androgens in Adolescents and Young Adults with Classical Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia. Horm Res Paediatr 2016; 85:242-9. [PMID: 26933879 PMCID: PMC4865455 DOI: 10.1159/000444169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Youth with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency develop cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors of obesity and hypertension. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), a marker of CVD risk, is increased in CAH young adults. We examined CIMT and its relationship with androgens and obesity in adolescents/young adults with CAH. METHODS Twenty CAH subjects (age 16 ± 3.3 years, 50% female) and 20 matched controls were studied cross-sectionally. Eight additional obese patients with CAH were included in within-group comparisons. CIMT by high-resolution ultrasound, androgens, anthropometry, bone age (BA), and metabolic/inflammatory markers were assessed. RESULTS Within the CAH group, CIMT correlated with 17-hydroxyprogesterone (r = 0.48, p < 0.05) and androstenedione (r = 0.46, p < 0.05), and was greater in obese subjects. CIMT was greater in CAH males than females, but similar among CAH females with advanced BA, CAH males with normal BA, and control males. There was no difference in CIMT between CAH and controls, although high-density lipoprotein was inversely correlated with CIMT in both groups. CONCLUSION CIMT is associated with increased androgens in CAH adolescents and young adults, with loss of sex differences in CAH females with excess androgen exposure. Our findings highlight the importance of hormonal control for CVD prevention in CAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mimi S Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif., USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
85
|
Yamamoto S, Matsushita Y, Nakagawa T, Honda T, Hayashi T, Noda M, Mizoue T. Visceral Fat Accumulation, Insulin Resistance, and Elevated Depressive Symptoms in Middle-Aged Japanese Men. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149436. [PMID: 26891344 PMCID: PMC4758729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate visceral fat accumulation and markers of insulin resistance in relation to elevated depressive symptoms (EDS). Methods Participants were 4,333 male employees (mean age, 49.3 years) who underwent abdominal computed tomography scanning, measured fasting insulin, and did not self-report diabetes and mental disorders under treatment and history of cancer, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association of EDS with abdominal fat deposition and markers of insulin resistance. Results Visceral fat area (VFA) and fasting insulin were significantly, positively associated with EDS. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of high VFA for the lowest through highest quartile of depression score were 1 (reference), 1.18 (0.97–1.42), 1.25 (1.02–1.54), 1.23 (1.01–1.51), respectively, and corresponding figures for high fasting insulin were 1 (reference), 0.98 (0.80–1.19), 1.12 (0.91–1.38), and 1.29 (1.06–1.57), respectively. Subcutaneous fat area was not associated with EDS. Conclusions Results suggest that EDS is related to visceral, but not subcutaneous, fat accumulation and insulin resistance in middle-aged Japanese men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuichiro Yamamoto
- Occupational Health Section, Hitachi, Ltd., Hitachi Health Care Center, Hitachi city, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yumi Matsushita
- Department of Clinical Research, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Nakagawa
- Occupational Health Section, Hitachi, Ltd., Hitachi Health Care Center, Hitachi city, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toru Honda
- Occupational Health Section, Hitachi, Ltd., Hitachi Health Care Center, Hitachi city, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hayashi
- Occupational Health Section, Hitachi, Ltd., Hitachi Health Care Center, Hitachi city, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Noda
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Musich S, MacLeod S, Bhattarai GR, Wang SS, Hawkins K, Bottone FG, Yeh CS. The Impact of Obesity on Health Care Utilization and Expenditures in a Medicare Supplement Population. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2016; 2:2333721415622004. [PMID: 28138482 PMCID: PMC5119873 DOI: 10.1177/2333721415622004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Obesity is a contributor to increased chronic conditions resulting in higher utilization of medical services among broad populations of older adults. The objective of this study was to evaluate the magnitude of the impact of weight on health care use patterns among Medicare Supplement insureds. Method: We estimated the impact of weight as a function of body mass index (BMI) on health care utilization and expenditures using propensity weighted multivariate regression models. The outcomes were controlled initially for demographics and socioeconomics and then additionally for chronic conditions and health status. Results: Among the 9,484 survey respondents, 22.9% were obese. Those categorized as obese were significantly more likely to incur inpatient admissions and orthopedic procedures. Annualized health care expenditures were US$1,496 higher for obese compared with normal weight. The excess utilization and expenditures associated with obesity were explained by chronic conditions and poor health status. Conclusion: Obesity-related expenditures associated with medical management are largely preventable and may benefit from interventions that target lifestyle behaviors and weight management among older adults.
Collapse
|
87
|
Coryell WH, Butcher BD, Burns TL, Dindo LN, Schlechte JA, Calarge CA. Fat distribution and major depressive disorder in late adolescence. J Clin Psychiatry 2016; 77:84-9. [PMID: 26580857 PMCID: PMC5520803 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.14m09169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Substantial evidence exists to indicate bidirectional relationships between obesity and depressive disorders and the importance of fat distribution to this relationship. This analysis used a well-characterized sample of individuals in late adolescence to determine the association between depressive illness and fat distribution. METHOD Medically healthy 15- to 20-year-olds, one-half of whom had recently begun treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, underwent a comprehensive psychiatric evaluation that resulted in diagnostic classification and weekly psychiatric disorder ratings over the prior 4 months using the Longitudinal Interval Follow-Up Evaluation. A whole-body scan, using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, allowed estimations of total body less head (TBLH), total mass, fat mass, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass. Assessments occurred between September 2010 and April 2014. Multivariable linear regression analyses, adjusted for relevant covariates, examined the association between DSM-IV-TR-diagnosed major depressive disorder (MDD) and VAT, the primary outcome of interest. These procedures also determined whether significant associations were confined to overweight/obese participants. RESULTS The analysis included data from 200 participants (71% female; mean age = 19.0 ± 1.6 years), of whom 128 had current MDD. The presence of MDD was associated with increased fat mass among overweight/obese participants (Cohen d = 0.79, P < .02), but not normal weight participants. This was true of both visceral and nonvisceral fat mass measures. Accounting for the presence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) did not alter the findings. CONCLUSION In adolescents, relationships between central adiposity and MDD may be confined to those who are overweight/obese. Despite the high comorbidity of GAD and depressive disorders, only the latter appeared to be significantly associated with central adiposity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William H Coryell
- University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry Research, 500 Newton Rd, Ste 2-205 MEB, Iowa City, IA 52242-1900
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
88
|
Byrne ML, O'Brien-Simpson NM, Mitchell SA, Allen NB. Adolescent-Onset Depression: Are Obesity and Inflammation Developmental Mechanisms or Outcomes? Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2015; 46:839-50. [PMID: 25666100 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-014-0524-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Depression often has its first onset during adolescence and is associated with obesity. Furthermore, inflammatory processes have been implicated in both depression and obesity, although research amongst adolescents is limited. This review explores associations between depression and obesity, depression and inflammation, and obesity and inflammation from a developmental perspective. The temporal relations between these factors are examined to explore whether obesity and elevated inflammation act as either risk factors for, or outcomes of, adolescent-onset depression. Sex differences in these processes are also summarized. We propose a model whereby increases in sex hormones during puberty increase risk for depression for females, which can lead to obesity, which in turn increases levels of inflammation. Importantly, this model suggests that inflammation and obesity are outcomes of adolescent depression, rather than initial contributing causes. Further research on biological and psychosocial effects of sex hormones is needed, as is longitudinal research with children and adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Byrne
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Neil M O'Brien-Simpson
- Melbourne Dental School, Oral Health CRC, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Sarah A Mitchell
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Nicholas B Allen
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403-1227, USA
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Derry HM, Padin AC, Kuo JL, Hughes S, Kiecolt-Glaser JK. Sex Differences in Depression: Does Inflammation Play a Role? Curr Psychiatry Rep 2015; 17:78. [PMID: 26272539 PMCID: PMC4869519 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-015-0618-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Women become depressed more frequently than men, a consistent pattern across cultures. Inflammation plays a key role in initiating depression among a subset of individuals, and depression also has inflammatory consequences. Notably, women experience higher levels of inflammation and greater autoimmune disease risk compared to men. In the current review, we explore the bidirectional relationship between inflammation and depression and describe how this link may be particularly relevant for women. Compared to men, women may be more vulnerable to inflammation-induced mood and behavior changes. For example, transient elevations in inflammation prompt greater feelings of loneliness and social disconnection for women than for men, which can contribute to the onset of depression. Women also appear to be disproportionately affected by several factors that elevate inflammation, including prior depression, somatic symptomatology, interpersonal stressors, childhood adversity, obesity, and physical inactivity. Relationship distress and obesity, both of which elevate depression risk, are also more strongly tied to inflammation for women than for men. Taken together, these findings suggest that women's susceptibility to inflammation and its mood effects may contribute to sex differences in depression. Depression continues to be a leading cause of disability worldwide, with women experiencing greater risk than men. Due to the depression-inflammation connection, these patterns may promote additional health risks for women. Considering the impact of inflammation on women's mental health may foster a better understanding of sex differences in depression, as well as the selection of effective depression treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather M. Derry
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
,Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Avelina C. Padin
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
,Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Kuo
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
,Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Spenser Hughes
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
,Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Janice K. Kiecolt-Glaser
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
,Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Łojko D, Buzuk G, Owecki M, Ruchała M, Rybakowski JK. Atypical features in depression: Association with obesity and bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2015; 185:76-80. [PMID: 26148463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Depression with atypical features amounts to a significant proportion of depressed patients. Studies have shown its association with bipolarity and, recently, with obesity. In this study, we investigated atypical features of depression in relation to overweight/obesity in three diagnostic categories: unipolar depression, bipolar depression and dysthymia. METHODS Out of 512 depressed patients screened, we recruited 182 research subjects, consisting of 91 pairs, matched by age, gender and diagnosis, in which one member of the pair was within the normal weight range (BMI≤25) and the other was either overweight or obese (BMI>25). There were 35 pairs with unipolar depression, 27 with bipolar depression and 29 with dysthymia. Symptoms of atypical depression, such as increased appetite, hypersomnia, leaden paralysis, longstanding pattern of interpersonal rejection sensitivity, and, a significant weight gain in the past 3 months, were assessed. RESULTS All the symptoms of atypical depression were significantly more pronounced in those depressed patients with a BMI>25, compared with depressed subjects with a normal weight. Except for hypersomnia, these symptoms scored significantly higher in women compared to men. Among the diagnostic categories, symptoms of atypical depression were significantly higher in patients with bipolar disorder compared with both major depressive disorder and dysthymia. LIMITATIONS The preponderance of women, the assessment of atypical depression by adaptation of the DSM criteria, entirely Polish population, specificity of selection criteria. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated a higher intensity of atypical depression's symptoms in overweight/obese depressed patients. They also confirm the association between obesity and bipolarity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Łojko
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Buzuk
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Treatment, "L.Bierkowski" Ministry and Internal Affairs and Administration Health Care Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Owecki
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Ruchała
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Janusz K Rybakowski
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Evaluation of Nutritional Status of Patients with Depression. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:521481. [PMID: 26413529 PMCID: PMC4564617 DOI: 10.1155/2015/521481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aims and Objectives. Our goal was to determine nutritional status, body composition, and biochemical parameters of patients diagnosed with depression based on DSM-IV-TR criteria. Methods. A total of 59 individuals, aged 18–60 years admitted to Mental Health Centre of Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, were included in the study. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups; depression group (n = 29) and control group (n = 30). Anthropometric measurements, some biochemical parameters, demographic data, and 24-hour dietary recall were evaluated. Results. 65.5% of depression and 60.0% of control group were female. Intake of vitamins A, thiamine, riboflavin, B6, folate, C, Na, K, Mg, Ca, P, Fe, Zn, and fibre (p < 0.05) were lower in depression group. Median levels of body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (p < 0.05) were significantly higher in depression group. Fasting blood glucose levels, serum vitamins B12, and folic acid (p < 0.05) in depression group were lower than controls. Serum insulin and HOMA levels of two groups were similar. Conclusion. Some vitamin B consumption and serum vitamin B12 and folic acid levels were low while signs of abdominal obesity were high among patients with depression. Future research exploring nutritional status of individuals with depression is warranted.
Collapse
|
92
|
Medina JL, Jacquart J, Smits JAJ. Optimizing the Exercise Prescription for Depression: The Search for Biomarkers of Response. Curr Opin Psychol 2015; 4:43-47. [PMID: 26309904 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
There is growing support for the efficacy of exercise interventions for the treatment of individuals who present with mild-to-moderate depression. The variability in treatment response across studies and individuals suggests that the efficacy of exercise for depression will be most optimal when prescribed to individuals who are most prone to respond. The present article reviews contemporary theoretical accounts and recent empirical data pointing to neuroinflammatory states and neurotrophin production as possible biomarkers of the antidepressant response to exercise. The larger exercise and depression literatures provide justification for elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and deficits in BDNF production as putative matching variables. Although there is some empirical support for these hypotheses, it is clear that this research warrants replication and extension. We offer a few suggestions for future research in this emerging area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johnna L Medina
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 108 E. Dean Keeton Stop A8000, Austin, TX 78712-1043 ; Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 305 E. 23rd St., Stop E9000, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Jolene Jacquart
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 108 E. Dean Keeton Stop A8000, Austin, TX 78712-1043 ; Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 305 E. 23rd St., Stop E9000, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Jasper A J Smits
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 108 E. Dean Keeton Stop A8000, Austin, TX 78712-1043 ; Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 305 E. 23rd St., Stop E9000, Austin, TX 78712
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Kim MS, Ryabets-Lienhard A, Dao-Tran A, Mittelman SD, Gilsanz V, Schrager SM, Geffner ME. Increased Abdominal Adiposity in Adolescents and Young Adults With Classical Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:E1153-9. [PMID: 26062016 PMCID: PMC4524992 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-4033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Childhood obesity rates in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) exceed the high rates seen in normal children, potentially increasing their risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Abdominal adiposity, in particular visceral adipose tissue (VAT), is strongly associated with metabolic syndrome and CVD. However, it remains unknown whether VAT is increased in CAH. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine whether adolescents and young adults with classical CAH have more VAT and sc adipose tissue (SAT) than matched controls and whether VAT and SAT are associated with biomarkers of metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and hyperandrogenism in CAH. DESIGN/SETTING This was a cross-sectional study at a tertiary center. PARTICIPANTS CAH subjects (n = 28; 15.6 ± 3.2 y; 15 females) were matched for age, sex, ethnicity, and body mass index to healthy controls (n = 28; 16.7 ± 2.3 y; 15 females). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES VAT and SAT, using computed tomography imaging and serum biomarkers associated with CVD risk, were measured. Data are reported as mean ± SD. RESULTS Both VAT (43.8 ± 45.5 cm(2)) and SAT (288.1 ± 206.5 cm(2)) were higher in CAH subjects than controls (VAT 26.4 ± 29.6 cm(2) and SAT 226.3 ± 157.5 cm(2); both P < .001). The VAT to SAT ratio was also higher in CAH subjects (0.15 ± 0.07) than controls (0.12 ± 0.06; P < .05). Within CAH, measures of obesity (waist to height ratio, fat mass) and inflammation (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, leptin) correlated strongly with VAT and SAT. In addition, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and low-density lipoprotein correlated with abdominal adiposity. There were no sex differences for VAT or SAT in CAH subjects. CONCLUSIONS CAH adolescents and young adults have increased abdominal adiposity, with a higher proportion of proinflammatory VAT than SAT. An improved understanding of the mechanism of obesity in CAH may lead to targeted prevention and therapeutics in this high-risk population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mimi S Kim
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles (M.S.K., A.R.-L., A.D.-T., S.D.M., V.G., S.M.S., M.E.G.); Division of Endocrinology (M.S.K., A.R.-L., A.D.-T., S.D.M., M.E.G.) and Hospital Medicine (S.M.S.); and Department of Radiology (V.G.), Los Angeles, California 90027; and The Saban Research Institute and the University of Southern California (M.S.K., S.D.M., V.G., M.E.G.), Los Angeles, California 90027
| | - Anna Ryabets-Lienhard
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles (M.S.K., A.R.-L., A.D.-T., S.D.M., V.G., S.M.S., M.E.G.); Division of Endocrinology (M.S.K., A.R.-L., A.D.-T., S.D.M., M.E.G.) and Hospital Medicine (S.M.S.); and Department of Radiology (V.G.), Los Angeles, California 90027; and The Saban Research Institute and the University of Southern California (M.S.K., S.D.M., V.G., M.E.G.), Los Angeles, California 90027
| | - Anh Dao-Tran
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles (M.S.K., A.R.-L., A.D.-T., S.D.M., V.G., S.M.S., M.E.G.); Division of Endocrinology (M.S.K., A.R.-L., A.D.-T., S.D.M., M.E.G.) and Hospital Medicine (S.M.S.); and Department of Radiology (V.G.), Los Angeles, California 90027; and The Saban Research Institute and the University of Southern California (M.S.K., S.D.M., V.G., M.E.G.), Los Angeles, California 90027
| | - Steven D Mittelman
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles (M.S.K., A.R.-L., A.D.-T., S.D.M., V.G., S.M.S., M.E.G.); Division of Endocrinology (M.S.K., A.R.-L., A.D.-T., S.D.M., M.E.G.) and Hospital Medicine (S.M.S.); and Department of Radiology (V.G.), Los Angeles, California 90027; and The Saban Research Institute and the University of Southern California (M.S.K., S.D.M., V.G., M.E.G.), Los Angeles, California 90027
| | - Vicente Gilsanz
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles (M.S.K., A.R.-L., A.D.-T., S.D.M., V.G., S.M.S., M.E.G.); Division of Endocrinology (M.S.K., A.R.-L., A.D.-T., S.D.M., M.E.G.) and Hospital Medicine (S.M.S.); and Department of Radiology (V.G.), Los Angeles, California 90027; and The Saban Research Institute and the University of Southern California (M.S.K., S.D.M., V.G., M.E.G.), Los Angeles, California 90027
| | - Sheree M Schrager
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles (M.S.K., A.R.-L., A.D.-T., S.D.M., V.G., S.M.S., M.E.G.); Division of Endocrinology (M.S.K., A.R.-L., A.D.-T., S.D.M., M.E.G.) and Hospital Medicine (S.M.S.); and Department of Radiology (V.G.), Los Angeles, California 90027; and The Saban Research Institute and the University of Southern California (M.S.K., S.D.M., V.G., M.E.G.), Los Angeles, California 90027
| | - Mitchell E Geffner
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles (M.S.K., A.R.-L., A.D.-T., S.D.M., V.G., S.M.S., M.E.G.); Division of Endocrinology (M.S.K., A.R.-L., A.D.-T., S.D.M., M.E.G.) and Hospital Medicine (S.M.S.); and Department of Radiology (V.G.), Los Angeles, California 90027; and The Saban Research Institute and the University of Southern California (M.S.K., S.D.M., V.G., M.E.G.), Los Angeles, California 90027
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Westley CJ, Amdur RL, Irwig MS. High Rates of Depression and Depressive Symptoms among Men Referred for Borderline Testosterone Levels. J Sex Med 2015; 12:1753-60. [DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
95
|
Reed JR, Yates BC, Houfek J, Briner W, Schmid KK, Pullen CH. Motivational Factors Predict Weight Loss in Rural Adults. Public Health Nurs 2015; 33:232-241. [DOI: 10.1111/phn.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jill R. Reed
- University of Nebraska Medical Center; Kearney NE
| | | | | | - Wayne Briner
- Department of Psychology; Ashford University; San Diego CA
| | - Kendra K. Schmid
- Department of Biostatistics; College of Public Health; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha NE
| | | |
Collapse
|
96
|
Diabetes and obesity not associated with 6-month remission rates for primary care patients with depression. PSYCHOSOMATICS 2015; 56:354-61. [PMID: 26096322 DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex interrelationships appear to exist among depression, diabetes, and obesity, and it has been proposed that both diabetes and obesity have an association with depression. OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study was to explore the effect of obesity and diabetes on response to the treatment of depression. Our hypothesis was that obesity and the diagnosis of diabetes in primary care patients with depression would have no effects on depression remission rates 6 months after diagnosis. METHODS A retrospective chart review analysis of 1894 adult (age ≥18y) primary care patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder or dysthymia and a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score ≥10 from January 1, 2008, through September 30, 2012. Multiple logistic regression modeling retaining all independent variables was performed for the outcome of remission (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 < 5) 6 months after diagnosis. RESULTS The presence of obesity (odds ratio = 0.937, 95% CI: 0.770-1.140, p = 0.514) or the diagnosis of diabetes (odds ratio = 0.740, 95% CI: 0.535-1.022, p = 0.068) did not affect the likelihood of remission, while controlling for the other independent variables. CONCLUSIONS In primary care patients treated for depression, the presence of diabetes or obesity at the time of diagnosis of depression does not appear to significantly affect remission of depressive symptoms 6 months after diagnosis.
Collapse
|
97
|
Ressler IB, Grayson BE, Ulrich-Lai YM, Seeley RJ. Diet-induced obesity exacerbates metabolic and behavioral effects of polycystic ovary syndrome in a rodent model. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 308:E1076-84. [PMID: 26078189 PMCID: PMC4469809 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00182.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy affecting women of reproductive age. Although a comorbidity of PCOS is obesity, many are lean. We hypothesized that increased saturated fat consumption and obesity would exacerbate metabolic and stress indices in a rodent model of PCOS. Female rats were implanted with the nonaromatizable androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or placebo pellets prior to puberty. Half of each group was maintained ad libitum on either a high-fat diet (HFD; 40% butter fat calories) or nutrient-matched low-fat diet (LFD). Irrespective of diet, DHT-treated animals gained more body weight, had irregular cycles, and were glucose intolerant compared with controls on both diets. HFD/DHT animals had the highest levels of fat mass and insulin resistance. DHT animals demonstrated increased anxiety-related behavior in the elevated plus maze by decreased distance traveled and time in the open arms. HFD consumption increased immobility during the forced-swim test. DHT treatment suppressed diurnal corticosterone measurements in both diet groups. In parallel, DHT treatment significantly dampened stress responsivity to a mild stressor. Brains of DHT animals showed attenuated c-Fos activation in the ventromedial hypothalamus and arcuate nucleus; irrespective of DHT-treatment, however, all HFD animals had elevated hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus c-Fos activation. Whereas hyperandrogenism drives overall body weight gain, glucose intolerance, anxiety behaviors, and stress responsivity, HFD consumption exacerbates the effect of androgens on adiposity, insulin resistance, and depressive behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilana B Ressler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Bernadette E Grayson
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Yvonne M Ulrich-Lai
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
| | - Randy J Seeley
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Goonesekera SD, Fang SC, Piccolo RS, Florez JC, McKinlay JB. Biogeographic ancestry is associated with higher total body adiposity among African-American females: the Boston Area Community Health Survey. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122808. [PMID: 25875902 PMCID: PMC4395279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The prevalence of obesity is disproportionately higher among African-Americans and Hispanics as compared to whites. We investigated the role of biogeographic ancestry (BGA) on adiposity and changes in adiposity in the Boston Area Community Health Survey. METHODS We evaluated associations between BGA, assessed via Ancestry Informative Markers, and adiposity (body mass index (BMI), percent body fat (PBF), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)) and changes in adiposity over 7 years for BMI and WHR and 2.5 years for PBF, per 10% greater proportion of BGA using multivariable linear regression. We also examined effect-modification by demographic and socio-behavioral variables. RESULTS We observed positive associations between West-African ancestry and cross-sectional BMI (percent difference=0.62%; 95% CI: 0.04%, 1.20%), and PBF (β=0.35; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.58). We also observed significant effect-modification of the association between West-African ancestry and BMI by gender (p-interaction: <0.002) with a substantially greater association in women. We observed no main associations between Native-American ancestry and adiposity but observed significant effect-modification of the association with BMI by diet (p-interaction: <0.003) with inverse associations among participants with higher Healthy Eating Scores. No associations were observed between BGA and changes in adiposity over time. CONCLUSION Findings support that West-African ancestry may contribute to high prevalence of total body adiposity among African-Americans, particularly African-American women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunali D. Goonesekera
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, New England Research Institutes, 480 Pleasant St., Watertown, MA 02472, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Shona C. Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, New England Research Institutes, 480 Pleasant St., Watertown, MA 02472, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Rebecca S. Piccolo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, New England Research Institutes, 480 Pleasant St., Watertown, MA 02472, United States of America
| | - Jose C. Florez
- Diabetes Unit/ Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America
| | - John B. McKinlay
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, New England Research Institutes, 480 Pleasant St., Watertown, MA 02472, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Nigatu YT, Bültmann U, Reijneveld SA. The prospective association between obesity and major depression in the general population: does single or recurrent episode matter? BMC Public Health 2015; 15:350. [PMID: 25880736 PMCID: PMC4488044 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1682-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and major depressive disorder (MDD) are important public health problems. MDD is a heterogeneous disorder and the direction of its association with obesity remains unclear. Evidence grows that recurrent MDD (MDD-R) differs in etiology and prognosis from single episode MDD (MDD-S), which could affect associations with obesity. However, evidence on this differential effect is lacking. The aim of this study was to examine the direction of the association between obesity and MDD, single or recurrent episode. METHODS A longitudinal study was performed in a cohort of 1094 participants of the PREVEND study, on whom data were collected at baseline and at an average 2-year follow-up. MDD-S and MDD-R were assessed by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 2.1). Obesity was defined as Body Mass Index ≥ 30 kg/m(2). Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine whether obesity predicts MDD-S/MDD-R or vice versa, adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS Prospective analyses showed that BMI at baseline was associated with the onset of MDD-R (Odds ratio, OR = 1.32; 95% confidence interval, 95%CI: 1.11; 1.57) during 2-year follow-up, but not with the onset of MDD-S (OR = 0.98; 95%CI: 0.89; 1.07). Obesity at baseline was not associated with the onset of MDD-S during follow-up (OR = 0.75; 95%CI: 0.25; 2.30), but associated with the onset of MDD-R during follow-up (OR = 11.63; 95%CI: 1.05; 128.60). Neither MDD-S nor MDD-R were associated with the development of obesity during 2-year follow-up (OR = 1.67, 95%CI: 0.64; 4.29 and OR = 2.32, 95%CI: 0.82; 6.58, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our findings add to the available evidence that obesity might specifically be associated with the onset of multiple episodes of major depression (MDD-R). Although the reverse association was not found, MDD-R tends to be also associated with subsequent development of obesity, but larger studies are needed to fully assess this issue. The heterogeneity of MDD should be considered when examining the effect of obesity on MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeshambel T Nigatu
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, HPC FA10, PO Box 196, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ute Bültmann
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, HPC FA10, PO Box 196, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sijmen A Reijneveld
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, HPC FA10, PO Box 196, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Fowler SPG, Williams K, Hazuda HP. Diet soda intake is associated with long-term increases in waist circumference in a biethnic cohort of older adults: the San Antonio Longitudinal Study of Aging. J Am Geriatr Soc 2015; 63:708-15. [PMID: 25780952 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the relationship between diet soda (DS) intake (DSI) and long-term waist circumference (WC) change (ΔWC) in the biethnic San Antonio Longitudinal Study of Aging (SALSA). DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING San Antonio, Texas, neighborhoods. PARTICIPANTS SALSA examined 749 Mexican-American and European-American individuals aged 65 and older at baseline (baseline, 1992-96); 474 (79.1%) survivors completed follow-up 1 (FU1, 2000-01), 413 (73.4%) completed FU2 (2001-03), and 375 (71.0%) completed FU3 (2003-04). Participants completed a mean of 2.64 follow-up intervals, for 9.4 total follow-up years. MEASUREMENTS DSI, WC, height, and weight were measured at outset and at the conclusion of each interval: baseline, FU1, FU2, and FU3. RESULTS Adjusted for initial WC, demographic characteristics, physical activity, diabetes mellitus, and smoking, mean interval ΔWC of DS users (2.11 cm, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.45-2.76 cm) was almost triple that of nonusers (0.77 cm, 95% CI = 0.29-1.23 cm) (P < .001). Adjusted interval ΔWCs were 0.77 cm (95% CI = 0.29-1.23 cm) for nonusers, 1.76 cm (95% CI = 0.96-2.57 cm) for occasional users, and 3.04 cm (95% CI = 1.82-4.26 cm) for daily users (P = .002 for trend). This translates to ΔWCs of 0.80 inches for nonusers, 1.83 inches for occasional users, and 3.16 for daily users over the total SALSA follow-up. In subanalyses stratified for selected covariates, ΔWC point estimates were consistently higher in DS users. CONCLUSION In a striking dose-response relationship, increasing DSI was associated with escalating abdominal obesity, a potential pathway for cardiometabolic risk in this aging population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon P G Fowler
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | | |
Collapse
|