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COVID-19-related financial strain and adolescent mental health. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. AMERICAS 2022; 16:100391. [PMID: 36405885 PMCID: PMC9664255 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2022.100391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic and associated responses have induced a host of crises worldwide, including an economic recession and a global mental health crisis. The specific effects of recession on youth mental health are understudied. We aimed to examine the mechanisms by which pandemic-related financial strain may affect mental health in a diverse sample of American adolescents. Methods We analyzed data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD Study®), a large, longitudinal study of diverse US adolescents which collected data before and during the pandemic (N = 9,720, mean age 12.9 years, 18.2% Black). Linear mixed-effects models tested associations of financial strain (parent-reported household wage loss and youth-reported financial stress) with depressive symptomatology over time, covarying for multiple confounders including pre-pandemic socioeconomic status and psychopathology, and pandemic-related environmental factors. Longitudinal mediation analyses examined potential mechanisms leading from wage loss to youth mental health. Findings Financial strain was highly prevalent, especially among low-income participants, with >70% of the total sample reporting lost wages. Both wage loss and subjective financial stress were associated with depressive symptomatology over time (Estimate = 0.04, P = 0.014; Estimate = 0.17, P < 0.001; respectively). The association between financial stress and depressive symptomatology was robust to the addition of multiple environmental confounders (Estimate = 0.16, P < 0.001). Both family-level (family conflict) and individual-level (financial stress) factors mediated the relationship between wage loss and depressive symptomatology. Interpretation The financial effects of COVID-19 (and worldwide responses to it) have taken a significant toll on youth mental health. In families that lost wages, youth-reported financial stress and familial factors mediated the relationship between wage loss and mental health over time. Findings highlight financial stress as a key driver of youth mental health burden and identify familial factors as critical targets for intervention to mitigate mental health risks in periods of economic crises. Funding This study was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health [grant numbers K23MH120437 (RB), R01MH117014 (TMM)]; the Lifespan Brain Institute of Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania.
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Caglayan Akay E, Dumludag D, Bulbul H, Zulfuoglu O. Students in Turkey During the Early Days of the COVID-19 Pandemic. APPLIED RESEARCH IN QUALITY OF LIFE 2022; 18:249-277. [PMID: 36405036 PMCID: PMC9667844 DOI: 10.1007/s11482-022-10118-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to analyse the subjective well-being of university students during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic process and to examine how students have been affected economically, psychologically and socially. Other subjects included in the scope of the study are the suitability of the physical conditions during the process of online education, the students' motivation, and their expectations towards the future. The study also analyses the connection between these factors and the subjective well-being concepts of happiness and life satisfaction. The study focuses on students of the Faculty of Economics at Marmara University in Turkey. In total, 428 students took part in the survey prepared for the study. Descriptive analyses indicate that students have been negatively affected in terms of psychological and socio-economic factors along with subjective well-being. Ordered probit models show a statistically significant relationship between a major part of these changes and subjective well-being variables.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Devrim Dumludag
- Department of Economics, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hoseng Bulbul
- Department of Econometrics, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozkan Zulfuoglu
- Department of Public Finance, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Hochstetler A, Peters DJ, Monnat SM. Prescription Opioid Resiliency and Vulnerability: A Mixed-Methods Comparative Case Study. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE : AJCJ 2022; 47:651-671. [PMID: 36407839 PMCID: PMC9660123 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-022-09701-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite declines in prescription opioid overdoses, rural areas continue to have higher prescription opioid overdose rates than urban areas. We aim to understand high overdose places were resilient to the prescription opioid overdose crisis (better than predicted), while others were vulnerable (worse than predicted). First, we predicted prescription opioid overdose mortality in 2016-18 for N = 2,013 non-metropolitan counties using multivariable regression accounting. Second, we constructed a resiliency-vulnerability typology using observed, predicted, and residual values from the regression. Third, we selected a high-overdose resilient and vulnerable community for case study analysis using interviews, focus groups, and observations. High-overdose resilient and vulnerable places had disability-dispensing-overdose pathways, legacies of mining, and polysubstance drug abuse. Resilient places were larger population micropolitans with extensive health and social services, norms of redemption and acceptance of addiction, and community-wide mobilization of public and non-profit resources. Vulnerable places were smaller, more remote, lacked services, and stigmatized addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Hochstetler
- Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice, Iowa State University, 103 East Hall, Ames, IA 50011-1070 USA
| | - David J. Peters
- Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice, Iowa State University, 103 East Hall, Ames, IA 50011-1070 USA
| | - Shannon M. Monnat
- Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs Center for Policy Research, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY USA
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Nigatu YT, Elton-Marshall T, Hamilton HA. Changes in household debt due to COVID-19 and mental health concerns among adults in Ontario, Canada. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2022; 69:774-783. [PMID: 36373945 PMCID: PMC9666416 DOI: 10.1177/00207640221136795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canadian households experienced unexpected changes in their economic well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. The extent of the impact of the pandemic on household debt and its effect on health and mental health remains unknown. AIM The aim of the study was to examine the associations of change in household debt due to COVID-19 with serious psychological distress (SPD) and general health measures. METHODS Data were from the 2020 Monitor study, a repeated cross-sectional survey of adults 18 years and older in Ontario, Canada. The 2020 cycle employed a web-based panel survey of 3,033 adults. The survey included measures of change in household debt due to the COVID-19 pandemic, mental and general health. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated from logistic regression models accounting for sociodemographic factors. RESULTS Overall, 17.5% of respondents reported that their household debt increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Such an increase in household debt was significantly associated with SPD (OR = 2.92, 95% CI, 2.05-4.16), fair/poor mental health (OR = 2.02, 95% CI, 1.59-2.56), frequent mental distress days (OR = 1.80, 95% CI, 1.31-2.48), fair/poor general health (OR = 1.93, 95% CI, 1.47-2.52), and suicidal ideation (OR = 3.71, 95% CI, 2.41-5.70) after adjusting for potential confounders including education, income and employment. CONCLUSIONS Household debt during the COVID-19 pandemic is an important determinant of health. Individuals who reported an increase in household debt due to COVID-19 were more likely to report serious mental health concerns including suicidal ideation. This suggests that debt-related interventions may be needed to alleviate the adverse effects of indebtedness on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeshambel T Nigatu
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tara Elton-Marshall
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Hayley A Hamilton
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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55
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Adepoju OE, Liaw W, Patel NC, Rastegar J, Ruble M, Franklin S, Renda A, Obasi E, Woodard L. Assessment of Unmet Health-Related Social Needs Among Patients With Mental Illness Enrolled in Medicare Advantage. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2239855. [PMID: 36322084 PMCID: PMC9631098 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.39855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE A large body of literature has found associations between unmet health-related social needs (HRSNs) and adverse mental health outcomes. A comparative analysis of the risks associated with HRSNs among patients with varying severity of mental illness and an assessment of how these risks compare with those of individuals without mental illness are needed. OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence and risks of HRSNs among patients with serious and persistent mental illness (SPMI), patients with mental health diagnoses but no serious and persistent mental illness (non-SPMI), and patients with both SPMI and non-SPMI compared with individuals without mental illness. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective cohort study used data from the Accountable Health Communities HRSN Screening Tool surveys, which target a nationally representative sample of Medicare Advantage members of a large payer (Humana Inc). The surveys were conducted between October 16, 2019, and February 29, 2020. Of the initial 329 008 eligible Medicare Advantage enrollees, 70 273 responded to the survey (21.4% response rate). Of those, 56 081 respondents (79.8%) had complete survey responses and were included in the final analytic sample. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Outcomes of interest included 7 HRSNs (financial strain, food insecurity, housing instability, housing quality, severe loneliness, transportation problems, and utility affordability) based on responses to the survey. The major independent variable was the presence of mental illness up to 12 months preceding the date of survey completion. Codes indicating mental illness listed as the primary, principal, or secondary diagnoses of a patient's inpatient or outpatient medical claims data were identified, and participants were grouped into 4 cohorts: SPMI, non-SPMI, SPMI plus non-SPMI, and no mental illness. RESULTS Among 56 081 older adults, the mean (SD) age was 71.31 (8.59) years; 32 717 participants (58.3%) were female, and 43 498 (77.6%) were White. A total of 21 644 participants (38.6%) had at least 1 mental illness diagnosis in the past year, 30 262 (54.0%) had an HRSN, and 14 163 (25.3%) had both mental illness and an HRSN. Across all specific HRSNs, the odds of experiencing the respective HRSN was most substantial for those with SPMI plus non-SPMI vs those with only non-SPMI or SPMI. The HRSN with the largest risk differences among the study cohorts was severe loneliness; compared with the cohort without mental illness, the non-SPMI cohort had 2.07 times higher odds (95% CI, 1.84-2.32; P < .001), the SPMI cohort had 3.35 times higher odds (95% CI, 3.03-3.71; P < .001), and the SPMI plus non-SPMI cohort had 5.13 times higher odds (95% CI, 4.68-5.61; P < .001) of severe loneliness. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, the increased risk of having HRSNs associated with SPMI, alone or in combination with non-SPMI, emphasizes the need for more targeted interventions to address social needs in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omolola E. Adepoju
- Tillman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
- Humana Integrated Health System Sciences Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Winston Liaw
- Tillman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ezemenari Obasi
- Department of Psychological, Health and Learning Sciences, College of Education, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
- HEALTH Research Institute, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - LeChauncy Woodard
- Tillman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
- Humana Integrated Health System Sciences Institute, Houston, Texas
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Shoib S, Rathnayake L, Badawy MM, Swed S, Saeed F, Chandradasa M. International collaboration to address the inevitable mental health burden in Sri Lanka in the context of the economic crisis. Asian J Psychiatr 2022; 77:103277. [PMID: 36202001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Shoib
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawahar Lal Nehru Memorial Hospital, Srinagar, Kashmir, India.
| | | | - Marwa M Badawy
- Faculty of Medicine, October Sixth University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Sarya Swed
- Faculty of Medicine, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.
| | - Fahimeh Saeed
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosis Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Bartoll-Roca X, Marí-Dell'Olmo M, Gotsens M, Palència L, Pérez K, Díez E, Borrell C. Neighbourhood income inequalities in mental health in Barcelona 2001-2016: a Bayesian smoothed estimate. GACETA SANITARIA 2022; 36:534-539. [PMID: 35644735 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obtaining reliable health estimates at the small area level (such as neighbourhoods) using survey data usually poses the problem of small sample sizes. To overcome this limitation, we explored smoothing techniques in order to estimate poor mental health prevalence at the neighbourhood level and analyse its profile by income in Barcelona city (Spain). METHOD A Bayesian smoothing model with a logit-normal transformation was applied to four repeated cross-sectional waves of the Barcelona health survey for 2001, 2006, 2011 and 2016. Mental health status was identified from the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. Income inequalities were analysed with neighbourhood income in quantiles for each year and trends in the pooled analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of poor mental health ranged from 14.6% in 2001 to 18.9% in 2016. The yearly difference between neighbourhoods was 12.4% in 2001, 16.7% in 2006, 14.2% in 2011, and 20.0% in 2016. The odds ratio and 95% credible interval (95%CI) of experiencing poor mental health was 1.40 times higher (95%CI: 1.02-1.91) in less advantaged neighbourhoods than in more advantaged neighbourhoods in 2001, 1.61 times higher (95%CI: 1.01-2.59) in 2006 and 2.31 times higher (95%CI: 1.57-3.40) in 2016. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the Bayesian smoothed techniques allows detection of inequalities in health in neighbourhoods and monitoring of interventions against them. In Barcelona, mental health problems are more prevalent in low-income neighbourhoods and raised in 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Bartoll-Roca
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marc Marí-Dell'Olmo
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercè Gotsens
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Palència
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Katherine Pérez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elia Díez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carme Borrell
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona (ASPB), Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut i de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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58
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Dayton L, Kong X, Powell TW, Bowie J, Rebok G, Strickland JC, Latkin C. Child Mental Health and Sleep Disturbances During the Early Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States. FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH 2022; 45:288-298. [PMID: 35985027 PMCID: PMC9394872 DOI: 10.1097/fch.0000000000000338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many children have experienced unprecedented levels of stress as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic due to school closures, strained resources, and excess morbidity and mortality. The current study examines change in children's mental health and sleep during the early months of the US pandemic and identifies risk and protective factors. In May 2020, a total of 225 parents reported on the mental health and sleep of each child (N = 392 children) living in their household prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and about their functioning in the past month. McNemar's test examined change in mental health and sleep disturbance across developmental stage. Bivariate and multivariate generalized estimating equations examined predictors of change in mental health and sleep. Each age group showed a significant change in mental health and sleep outcomes, but the development of mental health problems was greater for older children. Parental caregiving strain (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-5.27) was identified as a risk factor associated with children developing anxiety, and income loss was associated with developing sleep disturbances (aOR = 2.34; 95% CI, 1.06-5.17). Parental receipt of emotional support was identified as a protective factor for all child health outcomes. Policies and interventions that promote access to mental health services, provide financial safety nets, and strengthen social support networks for families are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Dayton
- Assistant Scientist, Department of Health, Behavior, & Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Xiangrong Kong
- Associate Professor of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Terrinieka W. Powell
- Associate Professor, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Janice Bowie
- Professor, Department of Health, Behavior, & Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - George Rebok
- Professor, Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Justin C. Strickland
- Instructor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Carl Latkin
- Professor, Department of Health, Behavior, & Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
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Wu CF, Lin TY, Liu YT, Tzeng IS, Wu FC, Lin CT, Chao YC. The effects of proactive approach and integrated medical care on psychological distress in hospitalized patients: A single center experience. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:2935-2941. [PMID: 35957501 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.13144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Psychological distress is common among patients with acute diseases and is associated with a poorer prognosis. Early detection and intervention are important for high-risk individuals. DESIGN AND METHODS This retrospective study used the five-item Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS-5) to assess psychological distress and evaluate whether proactive intervention may reduce distress levels among hospitalized patients in a single medical center in northern Taiwan. FINDINGS Of the patients, 10.7% were found to have varying degrees of emotional distress (BSRS-5 ≥ 6). After providing integrated medical care for patients with psychological distress, the degree of stress decreased significantly (p < 0.001). These results were consistent across subgroups. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The results highlight that proactive assessment and appropriate interventions may reduce patients' psychological distress during their course of hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Feng Wu
- Department of Nursing, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yun Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Liu
- Department of Nursing, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - I-Shiang Tzeng
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Chien Wu
- Department of Social Service, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Te Lin
- Department of Social Service, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - You-Chen Chao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Ajayi AM, Ben-Azu B, Ogunkolade GE, Melete J, Oyedele AT, Umukoro S. Repeated social defeat stress exacerbates lipopolysaccharide-induced behavioural deficits in mice: ameliorative role of Chrysophyllum albidum fruit extract through anti-neuroinflammation, antioxidant and neurochemical balance. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2467-2481. [PMID: 35867181 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Development of neuropsychiatric disorder is associated with stress-related increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines. Chrysophyllum albidum fruit is an edible tropical fruit containing vitamins and phenolic compounds, well known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. This study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of C. albidum fruit extract (CAFE) on stress and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced behavioral and neurochemical impairments in mice. Male Swiss mice were divided into 6 groups (n = 6). Groups 1-3 were orally treated daily for 14 days with normal saline (0.1 mL/10 g), CAFE (100 mg/kg) and Ferulic acid (FA, 10 mg/kg), and left in home cage as controls. Groups 4-6 were treated similarly but subjected to repeated social defeat (RSD) stress using the resident-intruder model from days 1-14. The RSD-animals were injected with LPS (125 µg/kg, i.p) 60 min after each RSD session from days 8-14. Neurobehavioral functions: locomotor, cognitive and anxiety-like behaviors were assessed 24 h after the last treatment. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α), dopamine, acetylcholinesterase, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), malondialdehyde, nitrites, and reduced glutathione (GSH) were determined in brain tissue. CAFE significantly attenuated RSD and LPS-induced hypolocomotion, cognitive impairment and anxiety-like behavior when compared to the control. Treatment with CAFE also significantly reversed the negative effects of RSD and LPS on pro-inflammatory cytokines, dopamine, acetylcholinesterase, GAD, and oxidative-nitrosative stress levels. The findings clearly indicated that Chrysophyllum albidum fruit demonstrated neuroprotective effects and can play a key role in mitigating against chronic stress and inflammation linked to neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi M Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Gracious E Ogunkolade
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria
| | - John Melete
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria
| | - Ayomide T Oyedele
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria
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Kang S, Jeong Y, Park EH, Hwang SS. The Impact of Household Economic Deterioration Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic and Socioeconomic Status on Suicidal Behaviors in Adolescents: A Cross-sectional Study Using 2020 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey Data. J Prev Med Public Health 2022; 55:455-463. [PMID: 36229908 PMCID: PMC9561140 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.22.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Economic hardship has a serious impact on adolescents' mental health. The financial impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was more severe for low-income families, and this also impacted adolescents. This study aimed to examine the associations of economic deterioration (ED) caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and low socioeconomic status (SES) with adolescents' suicidal behaviors. METHODS This study analyzed data from the 2020 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, which included 54 948 middle and high school students. Odds ratios (ORs) of suicidal ideation, suicidal planning, and suicide attempts related to ED and SES were calculated using multivariable logistic regression. We calculated relative excess risks due to interaction to assess additive interactions. RESULTS The ORs for suicidal ideation, suicidal planning, and suicide attempts related to combined severe ED and low SES were 3.64 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.13 to 4.23), 3.88 (95% CI, 3.09 to 4.88), and 4.27 (95% CI, 3.21 to 5.69), respectively. CONCLUSIONS ED and low SES were significantly associated with suicidal behaviors in adolescents. Although no significant additive interaction was found, the ORs related to suicidal ideation, suicidal planning, and suicide attempts were highest among adolescents from low-income families with severe ED. Special attention is needed for this group, considering the increased impact of economic inequality due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanggu Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Yeri Jeong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Eun Hye Park
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Seung-sik Hwang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea
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Choi NG, Marti CN, Choi BY. Job loss, financial strain, and housing problems as suicide precipitants: Associations with other life stressors. SSM Popul Health 2022; 19:101243. [PMID: 36203475 PMCID: PMC9530609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has shown that job loss, financial strain, and/or loss of housing (JFH) in midlife elevate suicide risk. In this study based on the 2017–2019 National Violent Death Reporting System, we examined other suicide precipitants and contributors of decedents whose suicide was in part precipitated by JFH and the circumstances under which they died. First, we examined all adult decedents (N = 94,454; 74,042 males [78.4%] and 20,412 females [21.6%]) and then focused on decedents age 45–64 (N = 34,208; 25,640 males [75%] and 8568 females [25.0%]). The 45–64 age group had the highest rate of JFH (22.0% for males and 15.1% for females) as a suicide precipitant. The results of generalized linear models for all adult suicide decedents of both sexes showed that the 45–64 age group (IRR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.89–2.16), compared to 65+ age group, and relationship problems, mental disorders, and alcohol problems were associated with significantly higher risk of JFH-precipitated suicide. In male decedents age 45–64, JFH was positively associated with depressed mood (IRR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.85–2.06), alcohol problems (IRR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.07–1.21), and number of crises (IRR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.43–1.53). In female decedents age 45–64, JFH was positively associated with relationship problems (IRR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.05–1.35), legal problems (IRR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.06–1.54), depressed mood (IRR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.59–1.99), and number of crises (IRR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.48–1.68). In both sexes, the risk of JFH was also positively associated with a college education. In female decedents, JFH risk was higher among divorced or never-married individuals. Coroner/medical examiner and law enforcement agency reports show that some experienced depression and started misusing alcohol and/or other substances following a job loss, but others had these problems throughout life, which caused/contributed to JFH. These findings show the significance of suicide prevention approaches at both systemic (generous unemployment insurance, housing subsidies) and individual (treatment of depression and alcohol/substance misuse problems and social support/connection) levels. 16.2% of male and 13.0% of female suicide decedents age 18+ in 2017–2019 had job/finance/housing problems (JFH). Among decedents age 45–64, 22.0% of male and 15.1% of female had JFH. JFH was positively associated with number of crises, depressed mood, and relationship and alcohol problems in both sexes. Suicide prevention approaches are needed at both systemic and individual levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namkee G. Choi
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Corresponding author. UT Steve Hicks School of Social Work, 1925 San Jacinto Blvd, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - C. Nathan Marti
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Bryan Y. Choi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine and BayHealth, Dover, DE, 19901, USA
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Socastro A, Contreras A, Peinado V, Trucharte A, Valiente C, Vazquez C, Sanchez-Lopez A. The mediating role of controllability appraisals and coping strategies on adaptive functioning after job loss: a path model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14898. [PMID: 36050384 PMCID: PMC9436725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19186-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Job loss is a stressful event that increases the risk of experiencing depression and anxiety, especially during the initial months of unemployment. This study examined differences in psychological symptoms and resilient functioning accounted by employment status. The results pointed out that recently unemployed compared to currently employed individuals had lower levels of perceived controllability and resilience as well as higher levels of depression and anxiety. Path analyses showed that lower controllability appraisals at wave 1 of recently unemployed compared to employed individuals, in turn, predicted a lower use of active coping and reappraisal at wave 2, with the latter further accounting for lower levels in resilience. Higher use of distraction further mediated the relation between employment status and higher levels of depression and anxiety symptoms. Our findings demonstrate the importance of controllability appraisals and coping strategies used to promote adaptive psychological functioning following job loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Socastro
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Somosaguas Campus, 28223, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alba Contreras
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Somosaguas Campus, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Peinado
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Somosaguas Campus, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Trucharte
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Somosaguas Campus, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Valiente
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Somosaguas Campus, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmelo Vazquez
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Somosaguas Campus, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Sanchez-Lopez
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Somosaguas Campus, 28223, Madrid, Spain
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64
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Scheve A, Bandawe C, Kohler HP, Kohler IV. Mental health and life-course shocks in a low-income country: Evidence from Malawi. SSM Popul Health 2022; 19:101098. [PMID: 35711726 PMCID: PMC9194642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Economic insecurity has been widely hypothesized to be an important determinant of mental health, but this relationship has not been well-documented in low-income countries. Using data from the Mature Adults Cohort of the Malawi Longitudinal Study of Families and Health (MLSFH-MAC), we investigate the association of negative economic shocks with mental health outcomes such as depression and anxiety among adults aged 45+ years living in a low-income country. Using fixed effects estimates that control for time-invariant unobserved individual heterogeneity, we find that increased economic instability caused by events such as death of a family member, yield loss, or income loss is positively associated with worse mental health outcomes as measured by the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 instruments. Our results suggest that costly economic events are a key component to worsening mental health in settings characterized by pervasive poverty and underscore the importance of mental health as a public health and development target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hans-Peter Kohler
- Population Aging Research Center (PARC), University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Iliana V. Kohler
- Population Studies Center (PSC), University of Pennsylvania, USA
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Rivera KM, Mollalo A. Spatial analysis and modelling of depression relative to social vulnerability index across the United States. GEOSPATIAL HEALTH 2022; 17. [PMID: 36047342 DOI: 10.4081/gh.2022.1132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, about 21 million adults in the US experience a major depressive episode. Depression is considered a primary risk factor for suicide. In the US, about 19.5% of adults are reported to be experiencing a depressive disorder, leading to over 45,000 deaths (14.0 deaths per 100,000) due to suicides. To our knowledge, no previous spatial analysis study of depression relative to the social vulnerability index has been performed across the nation. In this study, county-level depression prevalence and indicators were compiled. We analysed the geospatial distribution of depression prevalence based on ordinary least squares, geographically weighted regression, and multiscale geographically weighted regression models. Our findings indicated that the multiscale model could explain over 86% of the local variance of depression prevalence across the US based on per capita income, age 65 and older, belonging to a minority group (predominantly negative impacts), and disability (mainly positive effect). This study can provide valuable insights for public health professionals and policymakers to address depression disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiara M Rivera
- Department of Public Health and Prevention Science, School of Health Sciences, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, OH.
| | - Abolfazl Mollalo
- Department of Public Health and Prevention Science, School of Health Sciences, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, OH.
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Marchi M, Galli G, Fiore G, Mackinnon A, Mattei G, Starace F, Galeazzi GM. Machine-Learning for Prescription Patterns: Random Forest in the Prediction of Dose and Number of Antipsychotics Prescribed to People with Schizophrenia. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 20:450-461. [PMID: 35879029 PMCID: PMC9329108 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2022.20.3.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective We aimed to predict antipsychotic prescription patterns for people with schizophrenia using machine learning (ML) algorithms. Methods In a cross-sectional design, a sample of community mental health service users (SUs; n = 368) with a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia was randomly selected. Socio-demographic and clinical features, including the number, total dose, and route of administration of the antipsychotic treatment were recorded. Information about the number and the length of psychiatric hospitalization was retrieved. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression and ML algorithms (i.e., random forest [RF], supported vector machine, K-nearest neighborhood, and Naïve Bayes) were used to estimate the predictors of total antipsychotic dosage and prescription of antipsychotic polytherapy (APP). Results The strongest predictor of the total dose was APP. The number of Community Mental Health Centers (CMHC) contacts was the most important predictor of APP and, with APP omitted, of dosage. Treatment with anticholinergics predicted APP, emphasizing the strong correlation between APP and higher antipsychotic dose. RF performed better than OLS regression and the other ML algorithms in predicting both antipsychotic dose (root square mean error = 0.70, R2 = 0.31) and APP (area under the receiving operator curve = 0.66, true positive rate = 0.41, and true negative rate = 0.78). Conclusion APP is associated with the prescription of higher total doses of antipsychotics. Frequent attenders at CMHCs, and SUs recently hospitalized are often treated with APP and higher doses of antipsychotics. Future prospective studies incorporating standardized clinical assessments for both psychopathological severity and treatment efficacy are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Marchi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giacomo Galli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Gianluca Fiore
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrew Mackinnon
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Giorgio Mattei
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Starace
- Department of Mental Health and Drug Abuse, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale (AUSL) Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Gian M. Galeazzi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Mental Health and Drug Abuse, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale (AUSL) Modena, Modena, Italy
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e Dipendenze Patologiche, AUSL-IRCSS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Sifaki-Pistolla D, Mechili EA, Melidoniotis E, Argyriadis A, Patelarou E, Chatzea VE. Participatory Action Research for Tackling Distress and Burnout in Young Medical Researchers: Normative Beliefs before and during the Greek Financial Crisis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191710467. [PMID: 36078181 PMCID: PMC9517749 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: We aimed to explore Young medical researchers (YMR) normative beliefs and perceived causes of distress and burnout, prior and during the financial crisis in Greece, and to assess their views on Participatory Action Research (PAR) interventions towards tackling these disorders. (2) Methods: A Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) methodology was performed in two time periods (prior crisis: December 2008; during crisis: February-March 2017). In both time periods, three different groups (Group 1: females, Group 2: males, Group 3: mixed) of 5-7 participants and two sessions (≈1 h/session) per group took place in each site. Overall, 204 sessions with 1036 YMR were include in the study. (3) Results: Several socio-demographic characteristics of YMR altered during the crisis (lower income, higher smoking/alcohol consumption, etc.). The majority of YMR conceived distress and burnout as serious syndromes requiring professional support. Feeling very susceptible and the necessity for establishing PAR interventions were frequently reported during the crisis. Numerous (a) barriers and (b) cues to action were mentioned: (a) lack of time, money and support from friends/family/colleagues (b) being extensively informed about the intervention, participation of their collaborators, and raising awareness events. (4) Conclusions: The changing pattern of Greek YMR's beliefs and needs during the crisis stresses the necessity of interventions to tackle distress and burnout. Effectiveness of these interventions could be enhanced by the suggested cues to action that emerged from this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Sifaki-Pistolla
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- School of Health Sciences, Frederick University, Nicosia 3080, Cyprus
- Department of Healthcare, Faculty of Health, University of Vlora, 9401 Vlora, Albania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2810-394613
| | - Enkeleint A. Mechili
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Healthcare, Faculty of Health, University of Vlora, 9401 Vlora, Albania
| | | | | | - Evridiki Patelarou
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71004 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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68
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Gémes K, Bergström J, Papola D, Barbui C, Lam AIF, Hall BJ, Seedat S, Morina N, Quero S, Campos D, Pinucci I, Tarsitani L, Deguen S, van der Waerden J, Patanè M, Sijbrandij M, Acartürk C, Burchert S, Bryant RA, Mittendorfer-Rutz E. Symptoms of anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in six European countries and Australia - Differences by prior mental disorders and migration status. J Affect Disord 2022; 311:214-223. [PMID: 35598751 PMCID: PMC9119165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about changes of mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in potentially disadvantaged groups. We investigated changes in anxiety and depression symptoms during the first year of the pandemic in six European countries and Australia by prior mental disorders and migration status. METHODS Overall, 4674 adults answered a web-based survey in May-June 2020 and were followed by three repeated surveys up to February 2021. Information on psychosocial, financial and demographic, living conditions, prior mental disorders, depression and anxiety symptoms during the pandemic and migration status was collected. Weighted general estimation equations modelling was used to investigate the association between prior mental disorders, migration status, and symptoms over time. RESULTS Most participants were <40 years old (48%), women (78%) and highly educated (62%). The baseline prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms ranged between 19%-45% and 13%-35%, respectively. In most countries, prevalence rates remained unchanged throughout the pandemic and were higher among people with prior mental disorders than without even after adjustment for several factors. We observed interactions between previous mental disorders and symptoms of anxiety or depression over time in two countries. No difference by migration status was noted. LIMITATIONS Convenience sampling limits generalizability. Self-assessed symptoms of depression and anxiety might involve some misclassification. CONCLUSIONS Depression and anxiety symptoms were worse among individuals with prior mental disorders than without, but there was no clear trend of worsening mental health in the observed groups during the observed period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Gémes
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jakob Bergström
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Davide Papola
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Corrado Barbui
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Agnes Iok Fong Lam
- Centre for Macau Studies, University of Macau, Macao (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - Brian J Hall
- Center for Global Health Equity, New York University (Shanghai), Shanghai, People Republic of China; School of Public Health, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Naser Morina
- Department of Consultation-Liason Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Soledad Quero
- Department of Basic, Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Campos
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IISAragon), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Irene Pinucci
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical, Neuro-, and Developmental Psychology, WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Tarsitani
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Séverine Deguen
- INSERM U1136, Sorbonne Université, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Social Epidemiology Research Team, Paris, France; EHESP School of Public Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rennes, France
| | - Judith van der Waerden
- INSERM U1136, Sorbonne Université, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Social Epidemiology Research Team, Paris, France
| | - Martina Patanè
- Department of Clinical, Neuro-, and Developmental Psychology, WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marit Sijbrandij
- Department of Clinical, Neuro-, and Developmental Psychology, WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ceren Acartürk
- Department of Psychology, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sebastian Burchert
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wielgoszewska B, Booth C, Green MJ, Hamilton OK, Wels J. Association between home working and mental health by key worker status during the Covid-19 pandemic. Evidence from four British longitudinal studies. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2022; 60:345-359. [PMID: 35584949 PMCID: PMC9453552 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2022-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the relationship between homeworking and mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic and how it might differ by keyworker status. To understand this relationship, we use longitudinal data collected over three time points during the pandemic from three British cohort studies born in 1958 (National Child Development Study), 1970 (British Cohort Study) and 1989-90 (Next Step) as well as from a population-based study stratified by four age groups (Understanding Society). We estimate the association between life satisfaction, anxiety, depression, and psychological distress and homeworking by key worker status using mixed effects models with maximum likelihood estimation to account for repeated measurements across the pandemic, allowing intercepts to vary across individuals after controlling for a set of covariates including pre-pandemic home working propensities and loneliness. Results show that key workers working from home showed the greatest decline in mental health outcomes relative to other groups. Pre-pandemic homeworking did not significantly change the nature of such a relationship and loneliness slightly attenuated some of the effects. Finally, mental health outcomes varied across age-groups and time points. The discussion emphasises the need to pay attention to key workers when assessing the relationship between mental health and homeworking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bożena Wielgoszewska
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies (CLS), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Booth
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies (CLS), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Green
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Olivia Kl Hamilton
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jacques Wels
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, United Kingdom
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Ke GN, Grajfoner D, Carter S, DeLima N, Khairudin R, Lau WY, Kamal KA, Lee SC. Psychological Wellbeing and Employability of Retrenched Workforce During COVID-19: A Qualitative Study Exploring the Mitigations for Post Pandemic Recovery Phase. Front Public Health 2022; 10:907797. [PMID: 35875037 PMCID: PMC9304802 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.907797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has triggered several employment-related issues, followed by different response strategies. With retrenchment measures being a common response strategy during economic downturns, many individuals have been faced with unemployment. This study aimed to explore the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic related retrenchment on the psychological wellbeing of the Malaysian workforce, using a qualitative research approach and based on the Latent-deprivation Model. A purposive sample of 30 retrenched participants was interviewed via telephone during Malaysia's Movement Control Order (MCO). Thematic analysis was subsequently conducted to identify key themes in the data set. Six themes emerged from the thematic analysis: (1) Retrenchment leading to the deterioration of psychological wellbeing; (2) Unemployment, financial strain and economic uncertainty; (3) Emotions related to the COVID-19 virus; (4) Coping with lifestyle change; (5) Recommendations to improve the psychological wellbeing and mental health of the retrenched workforce, and (6) Career and financial support at the recovery phase. The present study provides valuable insight into the wellbeing of retrenched workforce who are forced to cope with both unemployment and a global pandemic, and workforce perspectives regarding types of support needed during the recovery phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guek-Nee Ke
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Heriot-Watt University Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Guek-Nee Ke
| | - Dasha Grajfoner
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Carter
- Edinburgh Business School, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole DeLima
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Heriot-Watt University Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Rozainee Khairudin
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, National University of Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Wee-Yeap Lau
- Department of Applied Statistics, Faculty of Economics and Administration, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Shen Chieng Lee
- Malaysian Institute of Economic Research (MIER), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Mathieu S, Treloar A, Hawgood J, Ross V, Kõlves K. The Role of Unemployment, Financial Hardship, and Economic Recession on Suicidal Behaviors and Interventions to Mitigate Their Impact: A Review. Front Public Health 2022; 10:907052. [PMID: 35875017 PMCID: PMC9298506 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.907052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the social determinants and risk factors for suicidal behaviors underlies the development of effective suicide prevention interventions. This review focused on recently published literature (2010 onwards), with the aim to determine the role of economic factors (at the individual and population level) on suicidal behaviors and ideation as well as the effectiveness of interventions addressing these factors in reducing suicidal behaviors and ideation. Where available, literature examining the economic impact of COVID-19 was highlighted. Economic recession and unemployment are associated with increased risk of suicidal behavior at the population and individual level. Additionally, personal financial problems such as debt and financial strain are associated with increased risk of suicidal behavior and ideation at the individual level. Regarding interventions, unemployment benefits, employment protection legislation, higher minimum wage and active labor market programs may reduce suicide at the population level. However, it is not clear what impact they have at the individual level, nor in relation to suicide attempts, self-harm, or suicidal ideation. There was a lack of evidence as to the effectiveness of financially focused suicide prevention interventions at either level. Current findings were contextualized within, and advance, prominent social theoretical models. Recommendations focused on future areas of research, including the unfolding economic impact of COVID-19, as well as the co-design and evaluation of tailored interventions and/or gatekeeper training for those in the financial and welfare sector, and enhanced early education aimed at increasing financial literacy in young people before onset or exacerbation of financial hardship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kairi Kõlves
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention and WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Last BS, Schriger SH, Becker-Haimes EM, Fernandez-Marcote S, Dallard N, Jones B, Beidas RS. Economic Precarity, Financial Strain, and Job-Related Stress Among Philadelphia's Public Mental Health Clinicians. Psychiatr Serv 2022; 73:774-786. [PMID: 34839673 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.202100276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Efforts to improve mental health treatment delivery come at a time of rising inequality and cuts or insufficient increases to mental health funding. Public mental health clinicians face increased demands, experience economic stress, and treat underresourced patients disproportionately burdened by trauma. The authors sought to understand clinicians' current economic and psychological conditions and the relationship of these conditions to the delivery of an evidence-based intervention (EBI) designed to treat posttraumatic stress disorder among youths. METHODS In July 2020, 49 public mental health clinicians from 16 Philadelphia clinics who were trained in an EBI, trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (TF-CBT), were surveyed by e-mail. Respondents reported on their economic precarity, financial strain, burnout, secondary traumatic stress (i.e., the stress response associated with caring for people exposed to trauma), and TF-CBT use. Associations between clinicians' job-related stressors and their use of TF-CBT were examined with mixed models. Content coding was used to organize clinicians' open-ended responses to questions regarding financial strain related to the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Clinicians' economic precarity, financial strain, and job-related stress were high; 37% of clinicians were independent contractors, 44% of whom wanted a salaried position. Of 37 clinicians with education debt, 38% reported owing ≥$100,000. In the past year, 29% of clinicians reported lack of personal mental health care because of cost, and 22% met the cutoff for experiencing secondary traumatic stress symptoms. Education debt was negatively associated with use of TF-CBT (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The stress of providing care in underresourced clinical settings may interfere with efforts to integrate scientific evidence into mental health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana S Last
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Last, Schriger);Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Becker-Haimes, Beidas);Hall Mercer Community Mental Health, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia (Becker-Haimes); Community Behavioral Health, Philadelphia (Fernandez-Marcote, Dallard, Jones); Penn Implementation Science Center, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Beidas)
| | - Simone H Schriger
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Last, Schriger);Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Becker-Haimes, Beidas);Hall Mercer Community Mental Health, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia (Becker-Haimes); Community Behavioral Health, Philadelphia (Fernandez-Marcote, Dallard, Jones); Penn Implementation Science Center, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Beidas)
| | - Emily M Becker-Haimes
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Last, Schriger);Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Becker-Haimes, Beidas);Hall Mercer Community Mental Health, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia (Becker-Haimes); Community Behavioral Health, Philadelphia (Fernandez-Marcote, Dallard, Jones); Penn Implementation Science Center, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Beidas)
| | - Sara Fernandez-Marcote
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Last, Schriger);Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Becker-Haimes, Beidas);Hall Mercer Community Mental Health, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia (Becker-Haimes); Community Behavioral Health, Philadelphia (Fernandez-Marcote, Dallard, Jones); Penn Implementation Science Center, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Beidas)
| | - Natalie Dallard
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Last, Schriger);Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Becker-Haimes, Beidas);Hall Mercer Community Mental Health, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia (Becker-Haimes); Community Behavioral Health, Philadelphia (Fernandez-Marcote, Dallard, Jones); Penn Implementation Science Center, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Beidas)
| | - Bryanna Jones
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Last, Schriger);Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Becker-Haimes, Beidas);Hall Mercer Community Mental Health, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia (Becker-Haimes); Community Behavioral Health, Philadelphia (Fernandez-Marcote, Dallard, Jones); Penn Implementation Science Center, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Beidas)
| | - Rinad S Beidas
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Last, Schriger);Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Becker-Haimes, Beidas);Hall Mercer Community Mental Health, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia (Becker-Haimes); Community Behavioral Health, Philadelphia (Fernandez-Marcote, Dallard, Jones); Penn Implementation Science Center, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Beidas)
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Bou-Hamad I, Hoteit R, Harajli D, Reykowska D. Personal Economic Worries in Response to COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross Sectional Study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:871209. [PMID: 35846687 PMCID: PMC9280425 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.871209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesThe emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic worsened Lebanon’s economic situation and generated worries about living conditions. This study aimed to explain personal economic worries patterns among Lebanese young adults while accounting for demographics and mental health characteristics.MethodsA total sample of 988 Lebanese responses were collected, using an online survey. The analysis was conducted using regression-based methods.ResultsMen exhibited higher economic worries than women. Lower levels of economic worries among people with higher wages were more pronounced. Lebanese retirees experience the highest economic worries compared to other employment status groups. Individuals with higher life satisfaction are less concerned about the economy. Mental wellbeing factors were positively associated with personal economic worries.ConclusionThe current study presents a seminal insight into the differences in economic worries caused by COVID-19 pandemic among individuals in a developing country context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imad Bou-Hamad
- Suliman S. Olayan School of Business, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- *Correspondence: Imad Bou-Hamad,
| | - Reem Hoteit
- Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dunia Harajli
- Adnan Kassar School of Business, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Dibbern T, Serafim MP, Rampasso IS, Silva D, Atvars TDZ, Leal Filho W, Anholon R. Predictive variables for feelings of sadness and depression while working remotely in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. Work 2022; 72:421-429. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-210846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Remote work was evidenced in the pandemic and studies in this area increased. Most studies focus on professionals of companies or professors/students in the academic environment. At the same time, non-academic staff, that provide all the support required for the core activities of the institutions (research/teaching/extension activities) have been neglected. OBJECTIVE: This article aims to exploratory analyse which variables (interruptions when working remotely (1), health concerns (2) and fear of contracting coronavirus (3), anxiety and concern about professional career (4), frustration to have cancelled plans and missed opportunities (5) and gender (6)) can impact feelings of sadness and depression experienced by non-academic staff of a university working remotely. METHODS: Using a database on behaviour and feelings of non-academic staff from a Brazilian university working remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic, a binary logistic regression model was structured. In an exploratory manner, six independent variables (presented in the previous item) were analysed in terms of their ability to predict the dependent variable (feelings of sadness and depression). RESULTS: The results presented the prediction power of the independent variables for the dependent variable. The variables regarding concern with their health, increased anxiety and concern about their career presented Odds Ratios of 3.6 (1.4–8.5 –95% C.I.) and 3.3 (2.2–5.0 –95% C.I.), respectively, standing out from the other variables. CONCLUSIONS: These results focus on staff at one institution, but they can contribute to better understand feelings and behaviours experienced by professionals working remotely and provide information for debates on the field of COVID-19-related changes of work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Dibbern
- Institute of Geosciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Milena Pavan Serafim
- Laboratory of Public Sector Studies, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Izabela Simon Rampasso
- Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
- PNPD/CAPES Program, Doctoral Program in Sustainable Management Systems, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Dirceu Silva
- Faculty of Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Walter Leal Filho
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rosley Anholon
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Drossou C, Petrakis Y, Tyrovola K, Xekoukoulotakis NP. Photochemical degradation of the antidepressant sertraline in aqueous solutions by UVC, UVC/H 2O 2, and UVC/S 2O 82. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 217:118442. [PMID: 35429888 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antidepressants are released into the aquatic environment because of their incomplete removal from wastewater treatment plants. In the present work, we investigated the photochemical degradation of a commonly prescribed antidepressant, namely sertraline, in aqueous matrices. The molar absorption coefficient of sertraline at 254 nm and at various pH values in the range from 4.0 to 9.0 was 444±65 L•mol-1•cm-1, while the quantum yield of its direct photolysis under UVC radiation (λ = 254 nm) was (1.7±0.1) × 10-2 mol∙einstein-1 (i.e., both values were relatively low). Next, we investigated the photochemical degradation of sertraline under UVC radiation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, H2O2 (i.e., UVC/H2O2) or persulfate ions, S2O82- (i.e., UVC/PS). Several parameters were studied, such as the initial concentrations of the oxidants, solution pH, and the composition of the aqueous matrix (experiments were carried out in aqueous phosphate buffers, in synthetic wastewater, as well as in synthetic fresh and hydrolyzed human urine). It was found that, in all aqueous matrices, the photochemical degradation of sertraline followed pseudo first-order kinetics. The values of the observed pseudo first-order rate constants in the UVC/H2O2 and UVC/PS processes were from one to three orders of magnitude higher than the corresponding value in the UVC process. The UVC/PS process was more efficient than the UVC/H2O2 process, either in aqueous phosphate buffer solutions or in synthetic wastewaters, despite the comparable reactivity of sertraline towards hydroxyl and sulfate radicals. However, both processes resulted in partial mineralization of the compound after prolonged irradiation. In the UVC/H2O2 process, there was an optimum H2O2 concentration which depended on the aqueous matrix, while in the UVC/PS process, there was an almost linear increase in treatment efficiency as a function of PS concentration, at least in the range of concentrations studied in the present work. Solution pH in the range from 6.0 to 9.0 had a relatively negligible effect on treatment performance for both processes. In synthetic urine matrices, despite the reduction in reaction rate (the observed pseudo first-order rate constants were reduced by approximately one to two orders of magnitude), the photochemical degradation of sertraline proceeded to a relatively satisfactory degree. Finally, the calculations of the electrical energy per order and the associated cost showed that the UVC/H2O2 and UVC/PS processes are cost-efficient and suitable for full-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Drossou
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Polytechneioupolis, Technical University of Crete, Chania GR-73100, Greece
| | - Yannis Petrakis
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Polytechneioupolis, Technical University of Crete, Chania GR-73100, Greece
| | - Konstantina Tyrovola
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Polytechneioupolis, Technical University of Crete, Chania GR-73100, Greece
| | - Nikolaos P Xekoukoulotakis
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Polytechneioupolis, Technical University of Crete, Chania GR-73100, Greece.
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Wang H, Kim K, Burr JA, Fingerman KL. Financial Problems in Established Adulthood: Implications for Depressive Symptoms and Relationship Quality with Parents. JOURNAL OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT 2022; 30:167-177. [PMID: 35729889 PMCID: PMC9187927 DOI: 10.1007/s10804-022-09409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Using two waves of data from the Family Exchanges Study (2008 and 2013), this study examined changes in financial problems before and after the Great Recession and investigated the implications for adults' depressive symptoms and relationship quality with parents. Participants in established adulthood (N = 170, age 30-46 in 2013) provided information about their financial difficulties and depressive symptoms, as well as negative relationship quality with each parent (parent-child tie; N = 316) at baseline and 5 years later. Results showed that a growing number of participants experienced financial problems between the two waves, rising from 16 to 72% of participants. Moreover, 14% of participants indicated continuing financial problems and 33% reported decreased income over the 5 year observation period. Financial problems at baseline, continuing financial problems across the observation period, and decreased income over time were associated with participants' increased depressive symptoms, after controlling for their baseline depressive symptoms. Results from multilevel models also revealed that adult participants had more strained relationships with their parents if they experienced more financial problems at the follow-up interview. The harmful effect of financial problems on relationship quality with parents was partially explained by adult participants' depressive symptoms. Findings of this study highlight the important role of financial hardship for persons in established adulthood and their intergenerational ties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowei Wang
- Population Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, Oswald Tower, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Kyungmin Kim
- Department of Child Development and Family Studies, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeffrey A. Burr
- Department of Gerontology, John W. McCormack Graduate School of Policy and Global Studies, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125-3393 USA
| | - Karen L. Fingerman
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1248 USA
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Prospective Cohort Study of Sociodemographic and Work-Related Factors and Subsequent Unemployment under COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116924. [PMID: 35682507 PMCID: PMC9180179 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The previous studies found that women and low-income households were more likely to experience unemployment prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is no cohort study to examine the relationship during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this prospective cohort study is to examine the relationship between sociodemographic factors and unemployment during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. We surveyed the socioeconomic status, personal characteristics, and occupation of recruited workers at baseline (22–25 December 2020); subsequent unemployment was examined at follow-up (18–19 February 2021). We determined the odds ratio of unemployment by sociodemographic status and occupation. The multivariate model was adjusted for sex and age. Among the 19,941 participants, 725 (3.6%) had experienced unemployment. Multivariate analysis showed significant high unemployment amongst women and participants of younger age, bereaved or divorced, unmarried, of lower income, or with short educational background. By occupation, the unemployment rate of temporary or contract employees and self-employed is high. COVID-19 expelled socially vulnerable groups from employment. This suggests the need for employment and economic support for such individuals.
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Ahmed GK, Mostafa S, Elbeh K, Gomaa HM, Soliman S. Effect of COVID-19 infection on psychological aspects of pre-schooler children: a cross-sectional study. MIDDLE EAST CURRENT PSYCHIATRY 2022. [PMCID: PMC9162790 DOI: 10.1186/s43045-022-00207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had a tremendous effect on individual’s lives worldwide. The pandemic’s significant socioecological impact is one of the many burdens children confront in the current crises. As a result, this study was designed to determine the psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on preschoolers, particularly the consequences of COVID-19 infection. This study involved 138 children aged 2–5.11 years old who were classified into two groups based on their COVID-19 infection history, which was documented via a PCR test. All participants were assessed by the Socioeconomic Scale and The Children’s Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Results COVID-19 infection was found in 21.7% of the children who participated in this study. Furthermore, children with COVID-19 had a higher percentage of clinical rating on the CBCL Profile of DSM-5 scales for affective problems (13.3 vs. 7.4%), anxiety problems (13.3 vs. 9.3%), pervasive developmental problems (20 vs. 13%), and oppositional defiant problems (6.7 vs. 5.6%) than children without COVID-19. Anxiety and somatic problems had a positive correlation with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lives of children. Conclusions Children infected with COVID-19 were more likely to have psychological issues, such as affective disorders, anxiety problems, pervasive developmental problems, and oppositional defiant problems. These psychological issues had a relationship with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lives of children.
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Chandrasekar EK, Ali MK, Wei J, Narayan KV, Owens-Gary MD, Bullard KM. Trends in depression by glycemic status: Serial cross-sectional analyses of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2005-2016. Prim Care Diabetes 2022; 16:404-410. [PMID: 35272962 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We examined changes in the prevalence of elevated depressive symptoms among US adults with diabetes, prediabetes, and normal glycemic status during 2005-2016. METHODS We analyzed data from 32,676 adults in the 2005-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. We defined diabetes as self-reporting a physician diagnosis of diabetes or A1C ≥ 6.5% [48 mmol/mol], and prediabetes as A1C 5.7-6.4% [39-46 mmol/mol]. We used the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) score ≥ 10 or antidepressant use to define 'clinically significant depressive symptoms' (CSDS) and PHQ-9 score ≥ 12 as 'Major Depressive Disorder' (MDD). We calculated prevalence age-standardized to the 2000 US census and used logistic-regression to compute adjusted odds of CSDS and MDD for 2005-2008, 2009-2012, and 2015-2016. We analyzed the prevalence of A1C ≥ 9.0% [75 mmol/mol], systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, non-HDL cholesterol ≥ 130 mg/dL, and current smoking among adults with diagnosed diabetes by depressive status. RESULTS The prevalence of CSDS increased among individuals with normal glycemic status from 15.0% (13.5-16.2) to 17.3% (16.0-18.7) (p = 0.03) over 2005-2016. The prevalence of CSDS and MDD remained stable among adults with prediabetes (~ 16% and 1%, respectively) and diabetes (~ 26% and ~3%). After controlling for glycemic, sociodemographic, economic, and self-rated health variables, we found 2-fold greater odds of CSDS among unemployed individuals and 3-fold greater odds among those with fair/poor self-rated health across all survey periods. Cardiometabolic care targets for adults with diagnosed diabetes were stable from 2005 to 2016 and similar across depressive status. CONCLUSIONS One-fourth of adults with diabetes have comorbid CSDS; this prevalence remained stable over 2005-2016 with no change in diabetes care. At the population level, depression does not appear to impact diabetes care, but further research could explore subgroups that may be more vulnerable and could benefit from integrated care that addresses both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eeshwar K Chandrasekar
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA; Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Mohammed K Ali
- School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA; Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Division of Diabetes Translation, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jingkai Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Km Venkat Narayan
- School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA; Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michelle D Owens-Gary
- Division of Diabetes Translation, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kai McKeever Bullard
- Division of Diabetes Translation, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Zare H, Meyerson NS, Nwankwo CA, Thorpe RJ. How Income and Income Inequality Drive Depressive Symptoms in U.S. Adults, Does Sex Matter: 2005-2016. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:6227. [PMID: 35627767 PMCID: PMC9140340 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Depression is one of the leading causes of disability in the United States. Depression prevalence varies by income and sex, but more evidence is needed on the role income inequality may play in these associations. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between the Poverty to Income Ratio (PIR)-as a proxy for income-and depressive symptoms in adults ages 20 years and older, and to test how depression was concentrated among PIR. DESIGN Using the 2005-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we employed Negative Binomial Regression (NBRG) in a sample of 24,166 adults. We used a 9-item PHQ (Public Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9) to measure the presence of depressive symptoms as an outcome variable. Additionally, we plotted a concentration curve to explain how depression is distributed among PIR. RESULTS In comparison with high-income, the low-income population in the study suffered more from greater than or equal to ten on the PHQ-9 by 4.5 and 3.5 times, respectively. The results of NBRG have shown that people with low-PIR (IRR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.23-1.37) and medium-PIR (IRR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.46-1.65) have experienced a higher relative risk ratio of having depressive symptoms. Women have a higher IRR (IRR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.24-1.34) than men. We observed that depression was concentrated among low-PIR men and women, with a higher concentration among women. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE Addressing depression should target low-income populations and populations with higher income inequality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Zare
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (N.S.M.); (C.A.N.)
- School of Business, University of Maryland Global Campus (UMGC), Adelphi, MD 20774, USA
| | - Nicholas S. Meyerson
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (N.S.M.); (C.A.N.)
| | - Chineze Adania Nwankwo
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (N.S.M.); (C.A.N.)
| | - Roland J. Thorpe
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
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Discrimination and mental health of Somali immigrants in North America: a longitudinal study from 2013 to 2019. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:1049-1059. [PMID: 35212783 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02235-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immigrant mental health is closely linked to the context of reception in the receiving society, including discrimination; past research has examined this relationship only cross-sectionally. This longitudinal study examines the relationships between discrimination and mental health among Somali immigrants living in North America from 2013 to 2019. METHODS Data for 395 participants (mean age 21 years at Time 1) were collected through the four-wave Somali Youth Longitudinal Study in four cities: Boston, MA, Minneapolis, MN, Lewiston/Portland, ME, and Toronto, ON. Latent linear and quadratic growth models were used to predict mental health symptoms over time and discrimination's role in these changes. RESULTS PTSD and anxiety symptoms decreased from 2013 to 2015 and subsequently increased. Depression was static from 2013 to 2015, worsening thereafter. Increases in discrimination predicted increases in mental health symptomatology at all timepoints. CONCLUSION This study provides support for discrimination's toxic impact on mental health and suggests that recent increases in discrimination may have contributed to worsening mental health among Somali immigrants living in North America.
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Bramajo ON. An Age-Period-Cohort Approach to Analyse Late-Life Depression Prevalence in Six European Countries, 2004-2016. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POPULATION = REVUE EUROPEENNE DE DEMOGRAPHIE 2022; 38:223-245. [PMID: 35228766 PMCID: PMC8865500 DOI: 10.1007/s10680-022-09610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Late-life depression is a condition that affects an ever-growing share of the population in ageing societies. While depression prevalence varies across countries for a myriad of reasons, generational factors, expressed in the shared experience of birth cohorts, may also play a part in such differentials. This paper describes the presence of age, period, and cohort (APC) effects in late-life depression prevalence trends (for adults aged 50 and above) for selected countries in Europe, using the Survey of Health and Ageing and Retirement of Europe (SHARE). We analysed six countries during the 2004-2016 period: Denmark, Sweden, and Germany, with a lower baseline prevalence, and Italy, Spain, and France, with a higher baseline prevalence. By applying a set of APC statistical models to visualise linear and nonlinear effects, we found that all countries followed a J-shaped curve when describing the transversal and longitudinal age trajectories of late-life depression. We also found a combination of nonlinear effects present in Germany, France and Sweden in males, indicating that younger male cohorts had a higher relative risk of depression. In females, we found nonlinear cohort effects, indicating that younger and older cohorts presented a higher risk of depression in Sweden and Germany and a lower risk in Spain. The presence of an increased risk for younger male cohorts may be indicative of a new trend in some countries, which may reduce the sex gap in prevalence. Future analysis should focus on the causes and mechanisms that lead to differential risks across cohorts.
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Samkange-Zeeb F, Singh H, Lakeberg M, Kolschen J, Schüz B, Christianson L, De Santis KK, Brand T, Zeeb H. Health Literacy Needs Among Unemployed Persons: Collating Evidence Through Triangulation of Interview and Scoping Review Data. Front Public Health 2022; 10:798797. [PMID: 35273938 PMCID: PMC8902044 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.798797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Unemployed persons are at high risk for low health literacy. Most studies addressing health literacy of unemployed persons focus on risk factors for low health literacy or correlates of health literacy, but studies on needs of unemployed persons regarding health literacy are scarce. We aimed to obtain better understanding of health literacy needs of unemployed adults by triangulating the results from a scoping review on health literacy needs in unemployed adults and additional in-depth qualitative interviews. Methods Scoping review: We searched six databases up to January 2021 as well as gray literature for relevant studies following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened independently by two researchers. Qualitative study: Ten participants of a job-reintegration program in Germany were interviewed following a guideline covering topics including health issues of interest to the participants, their sources of health-related information and the barriers/facilitators they experience when accessing health services. Results Scoping review: After screening 2,966 titles and abstracts, 36 full texts were considered, and five articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Four focused on mental health literacy and outcomes, while the fifth assessed information-seeking practices. One additional report on health literacy was identified via the gray literature search. Awareness of one's condition was identified as a facilitator for mental health help-seeking, while fear of harmful effects of medication prevented help-seeking. Qualitative study: Participants were interested in and were generally well-informed about health topics such as nutrition and physical activity. The main challenge perceived was translating the knowledge into practice in daily life. GPs and the social services providers played an important role as a source of health information and advice. Regarding mental health, similar barriers, facilitators and needs were identified through triangulation of findings of the scoping review with those of the interviews. Conclusions There is need to address health literacy needs of long-term unemployed persons that go beyond mental health literacy. Public health interventions should not only aim at improving health literacy scores, but also focus on how to help participants translate health literacy into practice. Population groups of interest should also be involved in all processes of designing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Samkange-Zeeb
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Hunny Singh
- Faculty of Human and Health Sciences (Public Health), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Meret Lakeberg
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany.,Faculty of Human and Health Sciences (Public Health), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Kolschen
- Faculty of Human and Health Sciences (Public Health), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schüz
- Faculty of Human and Health Sciences (Public Health), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Lara Christianson
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Karina Karolina De Santis
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Tilman Brand
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Hajo Zeeb
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany.,Faculty of Human and Health Sciences (Public Health), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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84
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Ando M, Furuichi M. The association of COVID-19 employment shocks with suicide and safety net use: An early-stage investigation. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264829. [PMID: 35324902 PMCID: PMC8947077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper examines whether the COVID-19-induced employment shocks are associated with increases in suicides and safety net use in the second and third quarters of 2020. We exploit plausibly exogenous regional variation in the magnitude of the employment shocks in Japan and adopt a difference-in-differences research design to examine and control for possible confounders. Our preferred point estimates suggest that a one-percentage-point increase in the unemployment rate in the second quarter of 2020 is associated with, approximately, an additional 0.52 suicides, 28 unemployment benefit recipients, 88 recipients of a temporary loan program, and 10 recipients of public assistance per 100,000 population per month. A simple calculation based on these estimates suggests that if a region experienced a one-percentage-point increase in the unemployment rate caused by the COVID-19 crisis in the second quarter of 2020, which is roughly equivalent to the third-highest regional employment shock, this would be associated with 37.4%, 60.5%, and 26.5% increases in the total, female, and male suicide rates respectively in July 2020 compared with July 2019. These results are primarily correlational rather than causal due to the limitation of our data and research design, but our baseline findings are robust to several different model specifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihito Ando
- Department of Economics, Rikkyo Univeristy, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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85
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Richardson T, Enrique A, Earley C, Adegoke A, Hiscock D, Richards D. The Acceptability and Initial Effectiveness of “Space From Money Worries”: An Online Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention to Tackle the Link Between Financial Difficulties and Poor Mental Health. Front Public Health 2022; 10:739381. [PMID: 35493363 PMCID: PMC9046654 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.739381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous research has shown a strong relationship between financial difficulties and mental health problems. Psychological factors such as hope and worry about finances appear to be an important factor in this relationship. Objective To develop an online based psychological intervention (Space from Money Worries) to tackle the psychological mechanisms underlying the relationship between poor mental health and financial difficulties, and to conduct an initial evaluation of the acceptability and preliminary efficacy of the intervention. Materials and Methods 30 participants accessing Increasing Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) services completed GAD-7 to measure anxiety and PHQ-9 to measure depression upon signing up to the online intervention and again 4 to 8 weeks after this. Participants also completed a measure of perceived financial distress/wellbeing and a “Money and Mental Health Scale” constructed for the evaluation. Results Overall, 77% (n = 23) completed the intervention and follow-up assessments. Intent to Treat Analysis showed that there were statistically significant improvements in symptoms of depression, anxiety, improved perceived financial wellbeing and reduced scores on the money and mental health scale. The vast majority of participants rated each module positively. Conclusions Space from Money Worries appears to be acceptable and may lead to improvements in mental health, perceived financial wellbeing and a reduced relationship between financial difficulties and poor mental health. However, future research with a larger sample and a control group are needed to confirm that these changes are due to the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Richardson
- Richardson Psychological Consultation Limited, The Psychotherapy Practice, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Clinical Research & Innovation, SilverCloud Health, Dublin, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Thomas Richardson
| | - Angel Enrique
- Clinical Research & Innovation, SilverCloud Health, Dublin, Ireland
- E-Mental Health Research Group, School of Psychology, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Caroline Earley
- Clinical Research & Innovation, SilverCloud Health, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adedeji Adegoke
- Clinical Research & Innovation, SilverCloud Health, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Douglas Hiscock
- Clinical Research & Innovation, SilverCloud Health, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Derek Richards
- Clinical Research & Innovation, SilverCloud Health, Dublin, Ireland
- E-Mental Health Research Group, School of Psychology, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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86
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Na M, Dou N, Liao Y, Rincon SJ, Francis LA, Graham-Engeland JE, Murray-Kolb LE, Li R. Daily Food Insecurity Predicts Lower Positive and Higher Negative Affect: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:790519. [PMID: 35399670 PMCID: PMC8990300 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.790519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Food insecurity (FI) is a dynamic phenomenon, and its association with daily affect is unknown. We explored the association between daily FI and affect among low-income adults during a 2-seasonal-month period that covered days both pre- and during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 29 healthy low-income adults were recruited during fall in 2019 or 2020, 25 of whom were followed in winter in 2020 or 2021. Daily FI (measured once daily) and affect (measured 5 times daily) were collected over the 2nd−4th week in each month. Time-Varying-Effect-Models were used to estimate the association between daily FI and positive/negative affect (PA/NA). Overall, 902 person-days of daily-level data were collected. Daily FI was associated with lower PA in the 3rd and 4th week of fall and winter and with higher NA in the second half of winter months. Similar patterns of FI-affect relations were found pre- and during COVID-19 in the second half of a given month, while unique patterns of positive affect scores in the 2nd week and negative scores in the 1st week were only observed during COVID days. Our study supports a time-varying association between FI and affect in low-income adults. Future large studies are needed to verify the findings; ultimately, better understanding such associations may help identify, target, and intervene in food insecure adults to prevent adverse mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzi Na
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Nan Dou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Yujie Liao
- Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Sara Jimenez Rincon
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Lori A Francis
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Jennifer E Graham-Engeland
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Laura E Murray-Kolb
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Runze Li
- Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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87
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Backhaus I, Hoven H, Di Tecco C, Iavicoli S, Conte A, Dragano N. Economic change and population health: lessons learnt from an umbrella review on the Great Recession. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060710. [PMID: 35379647 PMCID: PMC8980730 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Worldwide, the COVID-19 pandemic triggered the sharpest economic downturn since the Great Recession. To prepare for future crises and to preserve public health, we conduct an overview of systematic reviews to examine the evidence on the effect of the Great Recession on population health. METHODS We searched PubMed and Scopus for systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses focusing specifically on the impact of the Great Recession on population health (eg, mental health). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed throughout this review and critical appraisal of included systematic reviews was performed using Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews. RESULTS Twenty-one studies were identified and consistently showed that the Great Recession was most risky to health, the more a country's economy was affected and the longer strict austerity policies were in place. Consequently, a deterioration of health was highest in countries that had implemented strict austerity measures (eg, Greece), but not in countries that rejected austerity measures (eg, Germany). Moreover, the impact of the Great Recession fell disproportionately on the most vulnerable groups such as people in unemployment, at risk of unemployment and those living in poverty. CONCLUSIONS The experiences of the last economic crisis show that it is possible to limit the consequences for health. Prioritising mental healthcare and prevention, foregoing austerity measures in the healthcare system and protecting vulnerable groups are the most important lessons learnt. Moreover, given the further aggravating social inequalities, a health in all policies approach, based on a comprehensive Health Impact Assessment, is advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insa Backhaus
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hanno Hoven
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Cristina Di Tecco
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Iavicoli
- Directorate for Communication and International Affairs, Ministry of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Arne Conte
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nico Dragano
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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88
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Shanahan L, Steinhoff A, Bechtiger L, Murray AL, Nivette A, Hepp U, Ribeaud D, Eisner M. Emotional distress in young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence of risk and resilience from a longitudinal cohort study. Psychol Med 2022; 52:824-833. [PMID: 32571438 PMCID: PMC7338432 DOI: 10.1017/s003329172000241x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 182.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated lockdown could be considered a 'perfect storm' for increases in emotional distress. Such increases can only be identified by studies that use data collected before and during the pandemic. Longitudinal data are also needed to examine (1) the roles of previous distress and stressors in emotional distress during the pandemic and (2) how COVID-19-related stressors and coping strategies are associated with emotional distress when pre-pandemic distress is accounted for. METHODS Data came from a cohort study (N = 768). Emotional distress (perceived stress, internalizing symptoms, and anger), COVID-19-related stressors, and coping strategies were measured during the pandemic/lockdown when participants were aged 22. Previous distress and stressors were measured before COVID-19 (at age 20). RESULTS On average, participants showed increased levels of perceived stress and anger (but not internalizing symptoms) during the pandemic compared to before. Pre-COVID-19 emotional distress was the strongest predictor of during-pandemic emotional distress, followed by during-pandemic economic and psychosocial stressors (e.g. lifestyle and economic disruptions) and hopelessness, and pre-pandemic social stressors (e.g. bullying victimization and stressful life events). Most health risks to self or loved ones due to COVID-19 were not uniquely associated with emotional distress in final models. Coping strategies associated with reduced distress included keeping a daily routine, physical activity, and positive reappraisal/reframing. CONCLUSIONS In our community sample, pre-pandemic distress, secondary consequences of the pandemic (e.g. lifestyle and economic disruptions), and pre-pandemic social stressors were more consistently associated with young adults' emotional distress than COVID-19-related health risk exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilly Shanahan
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annekatrin Steinhoff
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Bechtiger
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aja L. Murray
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Amy Nivette
- Department of Sociology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Urs Hepp
- Integrated Psychiatric Services Winterthur-Zürcher Unterland, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Denis Ribeaud
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Eisner
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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89
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Farhoudian A, Radfar SR. How Substance Use Treatment Services in Iran Survived Despite a Dual Catastrophic Situation. Am J Public Health 2022; 112:S133-S135. [PMID: 35349327 PMCID: PMC8965175 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2022.306794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Farhoudian
- Ali Farhoudian is with the Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Seyed Ramin Radfar is with the School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
| | - Seyed Ramin Radfar
- Ali Farhoudian is with the Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Seyed Ramin Radfar is with the School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
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90
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Tsai FY, Schillok H, Coenen M, Merkel C, Jung-Sievers C. The Well-Being of the German Adult Population Measured with the WHO-5 over Different Phases of the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis within the COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring Study (COSMO). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063236. [PMID: 35328923 PMCID: PMC8955618 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate factors associated with the subjective well-being (SWB) and suspected depression measured with WHO-5 among German adults during different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. Survey data were analyzed from the COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring (COSMO) study, which collected data from 972, 1013, and 973 participants in time point 1 (19–20 May 2020), time point 2 (15–16 September 2020), and time point 3 (21–22 December 2020), respectively. Descriptive analyses and logistic regression analyses to identify the factors associated with suspected depression (WHO-5 ≤ 50) were conducted. Data showed that the mean WHO-5 scores in three time points were 56.17, 57.27, and 53.93, respectively. The risk of suspected depression was increased by about 1.5 times for females, 2.5–3 times among 18–24 year-olds compared to ages above 65 years, 1.5 times for singles, 2 times for those with chronic illnesses, and 2–3 times for people living in poverty. The main study findings show that German adult SWB is lower than pre-pandemic reference values. Special focus should be placed on vulnerable groups, such as females, younger persons, and people living in poverty who are most prone to a reduction in SWB and therefore suspected depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yi Tsai
- Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology—IBE, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377 Munich, Germany; (F.-Y.T.); (H.S.); (M.C.)
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Hannah Schillok
- Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology—IBE, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377 Munich, Germany; (F.-Y.T.); (H.S.); (M.C.)
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Michaela Coenen
- Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology—IBE, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377 Munich, Germany; (F.-Y.T.); (H.S.); (M.C.)
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Merkel
- Federal Centre for Health Education (BZgA), Maar-Weg 149-161, 50825 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Caroline Jung-Sievers
- Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology—IBE, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377 Munich, Germany; (F.-Y.T.); (H.S.); (M.C.)
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence:
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91
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de Miquel C, Domènech-Abella J, Felez-Nobrega M, Cristóbal-Narváez P, Mortier P, Vilagut G, Alonso J, Olaya B, Haro JM. The Mental Health of Employees with Job Loss and Income Loss during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Role of Perceived Financial Stress. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:3158. [PMID: 35328846 PMCID: PMC8950467 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak, which was followed by home confinement, is expected to have had profound negative impact on the mental health of people. Associated factors, such as losing jobs and income, can be expected to lead to an increased risk of suffering from psychopathological problems. Therefore, this study was aimed at researching the associations of job and income loss with mental health, as well as the possible mediating role of perceived financial stress during the COVID-19 outbreak. The sample included 2381 Spanish workers who were interviewed right after the first COVID-19 lockdown. Measures were taken for generalized anxiety disorder, panic attacks, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance abuse, suicidal thoughts and behaviors, working conditions, sociodemographic variables, and perceived financial stress. Logistic regression models were calculated with psychological variables as outcomes, and with job loss and income loss as predictors. Mediation analyses were performed by adding the financial threat as a mediator. Nineteen point six percent and 33.9% of participants reported having lost their jobs and incomes due to the pandemic, respectively. Only income loss was related to a higher risk of suffering from depression and panic attacks. When adding financial stress as a mediator, the indirect effects of job and income loss on the mental health measures were found to be significant, therefore indicating mediation. These findings pinpoint the vulnerability of this population, and highlight the need for interventional and preventive programs targeting mental health in economic crisis scenarios, such as the current one. They also highlight the importance of implementing social and income policies during the COVID-19 pandemic to prevent mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota de Miquel
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; (C.d.M.); (J.D.-A.); (M.F.-N.); (P.C.-N.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Joan Domènech-Abella
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; (C.d.M.); (J.D.-A.); (M.F.-N.); (P.C.-N.); (J.M.H.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Felez-Nobrega
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; (C.d.M.); (J.D.-A.); (M.F.-N.); (P.C.-N.); (J.M.H.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Cristóbal-Narváez
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; (C.d.M.); (J.D.-A.); (M.F.-N.); (P.C.-N.); (J.M.H.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Philippe Mortier
- Health Services Research Unit, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (P.M.); (G.V.); (J.A.)
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilagut
- Health Services Research Unit, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (P.M.); (G.V.); (J.A.)
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Alonso
- Health Services Research Unit, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (P.M.); (G.V.); (J.A.)
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Olaya
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; (C.d.M.); (J.D.-A.); (M.F.-N.); (P.C.-N.); (J.M.H.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; (C.d.M.); (J.D.-A.); (M.F.-N.); (P.C.-N.); (J.M.H.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Rehman S, Hamza MA, Nasir A, Ullah A, Arshad N. Impact of COVID-19 and Consortium Factors on Mental Health: Role of Emotional Labor Strategies in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals. Front Psychol 2022; 13:795677. [PMID: 35310219 PMCID: PMC8927066 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.795677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic that began in 2019 has created an acute fear of economic crisis, and people have experienced the state of perceived job insecurity. Several measures were taken to control this deadly pandemic, but it still affected the majority of global operational activities. This study addresses the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) number 8 that relates to decent work and economic growth. This quantitative study examines the impact of fear associated with economic crisis and perceived job insecurity on mental health with the moderating effect of surface and deep acting. Surface acting is displaying fake emotions, and deep acting is modifying inner feelings according to the required emotions. This study used sample data from private-sector employees and applied SmartPLS for structural model assessment. As many organizations took more challenging decisions to sustain their business operations, the study therefore analyzes the impact of the pandemic on private sector employees. The two main findings of the study are: (i) surface acting moderates the relationships of fear of economic crisis and perceived job insecurity with mental health and declines the impact of both on mental health, (ii) while deep acting negatively moderates the relationships of fear of economic crisis and perceived job insecurity with mental health and improved mental health even in the presence of both. The study highlighted the importance of deep acting at workplaces to sustain employees' mental and psychological stability. Organizations could introduce emotional labor strategies and strengthen the mental health of their employees against the underlying fear of economic crisis and perceived job insecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saqib Rehman
- Department of Management Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Hamza
- UVAS Business School, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Adeel Nasir
- Department of Management Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aman Ullah
- UVAS Business School, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- Faculty of Business and Law, CQ University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nabeela Arshad
- Hailey College of Banking and Finance, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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93
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Yu-An Chen A, Sturm R. Depressive Symptoms among US Adults during the Great Recession and Economic Recovery. THE JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH POLICY AND ECONOMICS 2022; 25:3-10. [PMID: 35302049 PMCID: PMC8944938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We study the trajectory of depressive symptoms among US adults before, during, and after the 2008/2009 Great Recession. METHODS We use repeated cross-sectional surveys of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2005 and 2018. Mental health is assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), with the following categorization for depressive symptoms: none or mild (score 0-9), moderate or severe (score 10-27). A parallel time series was calculated from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) on self-reported number of days with poor mental health. RESULTS NHANES data show a statistically significant increase in depressive symptoms from 2005/2006 to 2007/2008 (the beginning of the Great Recession), but there were no significant or consistent changes after 2007/2008. In particular, the deterioration in the adjusted predicted PHQ-9 scores occurred prior to the large increase in unemployment rate (2009/2010). As the macroeconomic situations improved and unemployment rates recovered, mental health did not return to the previous level. In the latest wave of NHANES (2017/2018), unemployment rates were at the lowest level over the analysis period; however, the adjusted predicted PHQ-9 scores were higher than that at the beginning of the Great Recession. Trends of PHQ-9 scores were similar across income groups - all groups had an increase in depressive symptoms after 2005/2006 and PHQ-9 scores were still high in 2017/2018 after controlling for sociodemographic status. Group with the lowest income had higher levels of depressive symptoms at every time point. BRFSS data shows no consistent changes in the number of days with poor mental health that parallel economic conditions. DISCUSSION Depressive symptoms at the population level did not match the economic cycle before, during and after the Great Recession. Future research is needed to better understand the lack of correlation between population mental health and macroeconomic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Yu-An Chen
- RAND Corporation, PO Box 2138, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138, USA,
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94
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Dragano*1 N, Reuter*1 […]*2 M, Berger K. Increase in Mental Disorders During the COVID-19 Pandemic-The Role of Occupational and Financial Strains. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 119:179-187. [PMID: 35197188 PMCID: PMC9229580 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have reported an increase in mental disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the exact reasons for this development are not well understood. In this study we investigate whether pandemic-related occupational and financial changes (e.g., reduced working hours, working from home, financial losses) were associated with increased symptoms of depression and anxiety compared with the situation before the pandemic. METHODS We analyzed data from the German National Cohort (NAKO) Study. Between May and November 2020, 161 849 study participants answered questions on their mental state and social circumstances. Their responses were compared with data from the baseline survey before the pandemic (2014-2019). Linear fixed-effects models were used to determine whether individual changes in the severity of symptoms of depression (PHQ-9) or anxiety (GAD-7) were associated with occupational/ financial changes (controlling for various covariates). RESULTS The prevalence of moderate or severe symptoms of depression and anxiety increased by 2.4% and 1.5%, respectively, during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the preceding years. The mean severity of the symptoms rose slightly. A pronounced increase in symptoms was observed among those who became unemployed during the pandemic (+ 1.16 points on the depression scale, 95% confidence interval [0.91; 1.41], range 0-27). Increases were also seen for reduced working hours with no short-time allowance, increased working hours, working from home, insecurity regarding employment, and financial strain. The deterioration in mental health was largely statistically explained by the occupational and financial changes investigated in the model. CONCLUSION Depressive symptoms and anxiety disorders increased slightly in the study population during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Occupational and financial difficulties were an essential contributory factor. These strains should be taken into account both in the care of individual patients and in the planning of targeted prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Dragano*1
- *1 All authors are co-first authors.,Institute of Medical Sociology, Center for Health and Society, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany,*Institut für Medizinische Soziologie Centre for Health and Society Medizinische Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marvin Reuter*1 […]*2
- *1 All authors are co-first authors.,*2 Additional authors have contributed to this publication. They are listed under “cite this as” and at the end of this article together with their affiliations.,Institute of Medical Sociology, Center for Health and Society, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Berger
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Münster, Germany
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95
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Armitage CJ, Dawes P, Munro KJ. Prevalence and correlates of COVID-19-related traumatic stress symptoms among older adults: A national survey. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 147:190-193. [PMID: 35063737 PMCID: PMC8720077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus pandemics increase the incidence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which requires intensive treatment and is related to several long-term psychiatric disorders. Older adults are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 and hence trauma symptoms. It is not known what is the prevalence of trauma symptoms relating to COVID-19 specifically among older adults nor what may be the markers for the emergence of trauma symptoms. The aim of the present research was to estimate the prevalence, and identify correlates of, traumatic stress symptoms attributable to COVID-19 among older adults in the UK. A cross-sectional survey that assessed COVID-19-related trauma symptoms and demographics was conducted with a sample of 3012 adults aged 60 years and older who were representative of the UK population. Data were analysed descriptively and using multiple/logistic regression. 36.5% of the sample (n = 1100) reported experiencing clinically meaningful traumatic stress symptoms that could lead to as many as 27.4% of the sample going on to develop PTSD. Women and younger older adults were particularly likely to experience clinically meaningful symptoms of traumatic stress. Work is urgently required to prepare services to address what may be substantial numbers of older people presenting with PTSD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Armitage
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom,NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom,Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom,Corresponding author. Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Piers Dawes
- Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom; School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
| | - Kevin J. Munro
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia,Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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96
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Research on the Intervention Countermeasures and Mental Health Status of College Music Teachers from the Perspective of Positive Psychology. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:9133979. [PMID: 35265310 PMCID: PMC8901333 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9133979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The goal of education is to train people who are well-rounded and educate people with heart through teachers and determine the direction for the growth of life. Psychological education is one of the top ten education systems in colleges and universities. The psychological health of college teachers is the key to teaching and education. Colleges and universities attach great importance to teachers' educational level and scientific research achievements, pay attention to teachers' instrumental value, and pay little attention to teachers' mental health. Therefore, this study aims to study the mental health status and prevention measures of college music teachers from the perspective of positive psychology. By combining the qualitative method with the quantitative method, this study carries out questionnaire survey and interview on “mental health” of music teachers in four universities and then puts forward relevant intervention countermeasures. Research shows that only one-fifth of the teachers believed that they had received psychological counseling from the school and successfully solved their own problems; nearly 60% of music teachers said that the psychological counseling provided by the school lacked pertinence and professionalism, and lacked practical solutions to their own problems. This shows that the psychological intervention strategies adopted by Chinese colleges and universities for music teachers are far from the expected results.
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97
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Rampasso IS, Santana M, Serafim MP, Dibbern T, Rodrigues EA, Filho WL, Anholon R. Trends in remote work: A science mapping study. Work 2022; 71:441-450. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-210912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic made workers suddenly change their routines and several companies adopted a remote work modality. This change quickly started to be analysed in academic literature. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to perform a scientific mapping on the theme “remote work” to highlight the prominent themes associated with the subject for 2020 and 2021, covering the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Identifying mainly the “motor themes”, this study contributes to identify themes developed and relevant to the subjects analyzed. METHODS: An initial sample of 479 articles published in the analyzed period was listed from the Web of Science database. After analysing these articles, 186 were selected and were analyzed by Scimat software. Journals and references were also analyzed. RESULTS: The centrality and density indexes of the sub-themes “job-satisfaction” and “flexible-work” were more evidenced in the analysis, enabling the classification of these sub-themes directly as “motor themes”. Regarding the density index of the sub-theme, the classification “stress” was less seen. After a careful analysis of the articles content, it was verified that this is also a “motor theme”. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the three defined “motor themes”, they can be considered the most developed and important sub-themes of study in this field and, therefore, need to be well understood by new researchers in the field. In addition, these findings show that the mentioned sub-themes must be focused on by managers, considering the relevance that the literature attributes to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Simon Rampasso
- Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | | | - Milena Pavan Serafim
- Laboratory of Public Sector Studies, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Thais Dibbern
- Institute of Geosciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Walter Leal Filho
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rosley Anholon
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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98
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Goh K. Significant predictors that determine Singaporeans’ intention to seek professional counselling. ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF COUNSELLING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/21507686.2022.2039730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khim Goh
- Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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99
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‘We Have No Hope for Anything’: Exploring Interconnected Economic, Social and Environmental Risks to Adolescents in Lebanon. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14042001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sustainable development is an effort to balance social progress with environmental equilibrium and economic growth. Young people affected by forced displacement are particularly vulnerable to the economic, environmental and social challenges of their surroundings. Using a framework that centres sustainable development on these three interconnected pillars, this article explores how the economic and environmental contexts in Lebanon impact adolescents’ and youth social development, drawing on qualitative data from adolescents in refugee and host community settings. The article highlights that adolescents face economic challenges because of the national economic crisis, exacerbated by COVID-19 lockdowns and service closures, poor labour market opportunities for youth—and for refugees in particular—and rising living costs. The environmental challenges facing adolescents include inadequate shelter (especially in collective shelters and informal tented shelters) and inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) facilities. These economic and environmental conditions in turn influence adolescents’ social capabilities such as their physical and mental health, and voice and agency. The article concludes by highlighting the need for a more integrated approach to sustainable development that will allow both present and future generations in Lebanon to meet their own needs and live empowered lives. It outlines measures that could help achieve this approach, including: creating policies and programmes that promote investment in technical and soft skills-building to equip young people with the skills they need to take up jobs within the green economy; investing in adolescent-friendly social protection with linkages to environmental projects; and improved shelter, health and WASH facilities, particularly in response to the ongoing and future impacts of climate change.
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Modelling the COVID-19 Pandemic Effects on Employees' Health and Performance: A PLS-SEM Mediation Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031865. [PMID: 35162885 PMCID: PMC8834763 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the imposition of certain changes in the management of organizations and in the behavior and actions of employees. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic effects on employees’ health and mental well-being, as well as on their working performance. Moreover, the paper aims to highlight whether health- and work-related stress factors mediate the above relations. For the purpose of data collection, a structured questionnaire was used. The first results of the study showed that the pandemic effects felt by employees did not directly affect their mental and physical well-being. On the other hand, the COVID-19 pandemic effects felt by employees affected their general work performance. The findings of the study may provide a useful perspective for organizations and their employees in order to adopt the most effective measures to minimize the effects generated by the pandemic.
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