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Gong C, Wang J, Bai Z, Rich DQ, Zhang Y. Maternal exposure to ambient PM 2.5 and term birth weight: A systematic review and meta-analysis of effect estimates. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150744. [PMID: 34619220 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Effect estimates of prenatal exposure to ambient PM2.5 on change in grams (β) of birth weight among term births (≥37 weeks of gestation; term birth weight, TBW) vary widely across studies. We present the first systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence regarding these associations. Sixty-two studies met the eligibility criteria for this review, and 31 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to assess the quantitative relationships. Subgroup analyses were performed to gain insight into heterogeneity derived from exposure assessment methods (grouped by land use regression [LUR]-models, aerosol optical depth [AOD]-based models, interpolation/dispersion/Bayesian models, and data from monitoring stations), study regions, and concentrations of PM2.5 exposure. The overall pooled estimate involving 23,925,941 newborns showed that TBW was negatively associated with PM2.5 exposure (per 10 μg/m3 increment) during the entire pregnancy (β = -16.54 g), but with high heterogeneity (I2 = 95.6%). The effect estimate in the LUR-models subgroup (β = -16.77 g) was the closest to the overall estimate and with less heterogeneity (I2 = 18.3%) than in the other subgroups of AOD-based models (β = -41.58 g; I2 = 95.6%), interpolation/dispersion models (β = -10.78 g; I2 = 86.6%), and data from monitoring stations (β = -11.53 g; I2 = 97.3%). Even PM2.5 exposure levels of lower than 10 μg/m3 (the WHO air quality guideline value) had adverse effects on TBW. The LUR-models subgroup was the only subgroup that obtained similar significant of negative associations during the three trimesters as the overall trimester-specific analyses. In conclusion, TBW was negatively associated with maternal PM2.5 exposures during the entire pregnancy and each trimester. More studies based on relatively standardized exposure assessment methods need to be conducted to further understand the precise susceptible exposure time windows and potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gong
- Department of Family Planning, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Department of Family Planning, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhipeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David Q Rich
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Yujuan Zhang
- Department of Family Planning, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Wu W, Chen Y, Cheng Y, Tang Q, Pan F, Tang N, Sun Z, Wang X, London SJ, Xia Y. Association between ambient particulate matter exposure and semen quality in fertile men. Environ Health 2022; 21:16. [PMID: 35034648 PMCID: PMC8762955 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00831-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have suggested adverse effects of particulate matter (PM) exposure on male reproductive health; few have investigated the association between PM exposure and semen quality in a large population of fertile men. METHODS We evaluated 14 parameters of semen quality in 1554 fertile men in Nanjing from 2014 to 2016. Individual exposure to particular matter ≤10 μm in diameter (PM10) and ≤ 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) during key periods of sperm development (0-90, 0-9, 10-14, 15-69, and 70-90 days before semen collection) were estimated by inverse distance weighting interpolation. Associations between PM exposure and semen quality were estimated using multivariable linear regression. RESULTS Higher 90-days average PM2.5 was in association with decreased sperm motility (2.21% for total motility, 1.93% for progressive motility per 10 μg/m3 increase, P < 0.001) and four quantitative aspects of sperm motion (curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight line velocity (VSL), average path velocity (VAP), and amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH), P < 0.01). The association between PM2.5 exposure and semen quality were generally stronger for the earlier exposure window (70-90 days prior to ejaculation) than for recent exposure (0-9, 10-14, or 15-69 days). In the subgroup of men who had normal sperm parameters (n = 1019), similar results were obtained. Ninety-days PM10 exposure was associated only with decreased VCL and VAP and was not related to sperm concentration. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to PM2.5 adversely affects semen quality, specifically lower sperm motility, in fertile men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Applied Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, USA.
| | - Yiqiu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Applied Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuting Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Applied Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiuqin Tang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Pan
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Naijun Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Applied Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Stephanie J London
- Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, USA
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Applied Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Riddell CA, Goin DE, Morello-Frosch R, Apte JS, Glymour MM, Torres JM, Casey JA. Hyper-localized measures of air pollution and risk of preterm birth in Oakland and San Jose, California. Int J Epidemiol 2022; 50:1875-1885. [PMID: 34999861 PMCID: PMC8932296 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND US preterm-birth rates are 1.6 times higher for Black mothers than for White mothers. Although traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) may increase the risk of preterm birth, evaluating its effect on preterm birth and disparities has been challenging because TRAP is often measured inaccurately. This study sought to estimate the effect of TRAP exposure, measured at the street level, on the prevalence of preterm birth by race/ethnicity. METHODS We linked birth-registry data with TRAP measured at the street level for singleton births in sampled communities during 2013-2015 in Oakland and San Jose, California. Using logistic regression and marginal standardization, we estimated the effects of exposure to black carbon, nitrogen dioxide and ultrafine particles on preterm birth after confounder adjustment and stratification by race/ethnicity. RESULTS There were 8823 singleton births, of which 760 (8.6%) were preterm. Shifting black-carbon exposure from the 10th to the 90th percentile was associated with: 6.8%age point higher risk of preterm birth (95% confidence interval = 0.1 to 13.5) among Black women; 2.1%age point higher risk (95% confidence interval = -1.1 to 5.2) among Latinas; and inconclusive null findings among Asian and White women. For Latinas, there was evidence of a positive association between the other pollutants and risk of preterm birth, although effect sizes were attenuated in models that co-adjusted for other TRAP. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to TRAP, especially black carbon, may increase the risk of preterm birth for Latina and Black women but not for Asian and White women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne A Riddell
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA
| | - Dana E Goin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Rachel Morello-Frosch
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Natural Resources, Policy, & Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA
- Division of Community Health Sciences & Environmental Health Sciences Graduate Group, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA
| | - Joshua S Apte
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA
| | - M Maria Glymour
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Torres
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Joan A Casey
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, NY, USA
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Costello JM, Steurer MA, Baer RJ, Witte JS, Jelliffe-Pawlowski LL. Residential particulate matter, proximity to major roads, traffic density and traffic volume as risk factors for preterm birth in California. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2022; 36:70-79. [PMID: 34797570 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While pollution from vehicle sources is an established risk factor for preterm birth, it is unclear whether distance of residence to the nearest major road or related measures like major road density represent useful measures for characterising risk. OBJECTIVE To determine whether major road proximity measures (including distance to major road, major road density and traffic volume) are more useful risk factors for preterm birth than other established vehicle-related measures (including particulate matter <2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5 ) and diesel particulate matter (diesel PM)). METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 2.7 million births across the state of California from 2011-2017; each address at delivery was geocoded. Geocoding was used to calculate distance to the nearest major road, major road density within a 500 m radius and major road density weighted by truck volume. We measured associations with preterm birth using risk ratios adjusted for target demographic, clinical, socioeconomic and environmental covariates (aRRs). We compared these to the associations between preterm birth and PM2.5 and diesel PM by census tract of residence. RESULTS Findings showed that whereas higher mean levels of PM2.5 and diesel PM by census tract were associated with a higher risk of preterm birth, living closer to roads or living in higher traffic density areas was not associated with higher risk. Residence in a census tract with a mean PM2.5 in the top quartile compared with the lowest quartile was associated with the highest observed risk of preterm birth (aRR 1.04, 95% CI 1.04, 1.05). CONCLUSIONS Over a large geographical region with a diverse population, PM2.5 and diesel PM were associated with preterm birth, while measures of distance to major road were not, suggesting that these distance measures do not serve as a proxy for measures of particulate matter in the context of preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean M Costello
- California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Program in Biological and Medical Informatics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Martina A Steurer
- California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Paediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca J Baer
- California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Paediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John S Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Laura L Jelliffe-Pawlowski
- California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Michikawa T, Morokuma S, Yamazaki S, Takami A, Sugata S, Yoshino A, Takeda Y, Nakahara K, Saito S, Hoshi J, Kato K, Nitta H, Nishiwaki Y. Exposure to chemical components of fine particulate matter and ozone, and placenta-mediated pregnancy complications in Tokyo: a register-based study. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2022; 32:135-145. [PMID: 33603097 PMCID: PMC8770113 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-021-00299-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was associated with pregnancy complications. However, we still lack comprehensive evidence regarding which specific chemical components of PM2.5 are more harmful for maternal and foetal health. OBJECTIVE We focused on exposure over the first trimester (0-13 weeks of gestation), which includes the early placentation period, and investigated whether PM2.5 and its components were associated with placenta-mediated pregnancy complications (combined outcome of small for gestational age, preeclampsia, placental abruption, and stillbirth). METHODS From 2013 to 2015, we obtained information, from the Japan Perinatal Registry Network database, on 83,454 women who delivered singleton infants within 23 Tokyo wards (≈627 km2). Using daily filter sampling of PM2.5 at one monitoring location, we analysed carbon and ion components, and assigned the first trimester average of the respective pollutant concentrations to each woman. RESULTS The ORs of placenta-mediated pregnancy complications were 1.14 (95% CI = 1.08-1.22) per 0.51 μg/m3 (interquartile range) increase of organic carbon and 1.11 (1.03-1.18) per 0.06 μg/m3 increase of sodium. Organic carbon was also associated with four individual complications. There was no association between ozone and outcome. SIGNIFICANCE There were specific components of PM2.5 that have adverse effects on maternal and foetal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Michikawa
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, Toho University, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Seiichi Morokuma
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shin Yamazaki
- Centre for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akinori Takami
- Centre for Regional Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Seiji Sugata
- Centre for Regional Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ayako Yoshino
- Centre for Regional Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuki Takeda
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, Toho University, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushige Nakahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinji Saito
- Tokyo Metropolitan Research Institute for Environmental Protection, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junya Hoshi
- Tokyo Metropolitan Research Institute for Environmental Protection, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nitta
- Centre for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishiwaki
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, Toho University, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Ambient air pollution and inflammatory effects in a Canadian pregnancy cohort. Environ Epidemiol 2021; 5:e168. [PMID: 34934889 PMCID: PMC8683146 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Epidemiologic studies have consistently reported associations between air pollution and pregnancy outcomes including preeclampsia and gestational diabetes. However, the biologic mechanisms underlying these relationships remain unclear as few studies have collected relevant biomarker data. We examined relationships between ambient PM2.5 and NO2 with markers of inflammation during pregnancy in a prospective cohort of Canadian women. Methods: We analyzed data from 1170 women enrolled in the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals study. Daily residential PM2.5 and NO2 exposures during pregnancy were estimated using satellite-based and land-use regression models and used to create 14-day and 30-day exposure windows before blood-draw. Inflammatory markers C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α were measured in third trimester plasma samples. Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate associations for an interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5 and NO2 and markers of inflammation, while adjusting for individual-level confounders. Results: Fourteen-day (IQR: 6.85 µg/m3) and 30-day (IQR: 6.15 µg/m3) average PM2.5 exposures before blood-draw were positively associated with C-reactive protein after adjustment for covariates (24.6% [95% CI = 9.4, 41.9] and 17.4% [95% CI = 1.0, 35.0] increases, respectively). This association was found to be robust in several sensitivity analyses. Neither PM2.5 nor NO2 exposures were associated with interleukin-6, interleukin-8, or tumor necrosis factor-α. Conclusion: Exposure to ambient PM2.5 is positively associated with maternal inflammatory pathways in late pregnancy. This may contribute to positive associations between ambient PM2.5 and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Relationship between Land-Use Type and Daily Concentration and Variability of PM10 in Metropolitan Cities: Evidence from South Korea. LAND 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/land11010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Since urban areas with high air pollution are known to have higher mortality rates compared to areas with less air pollution, accurately understanding and predicting the distribution of particulate matter (PM) in cities is important for urban planning policies that seek to emphasize the health of citizens. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between PM and land use in metropolitan cities in South Korea using the land-use regression model. We use daily data from the air quality monitoring stations (AQMS) in seven cities in South Korea for the year 2018. For analysis, K-means clustering is employed to identify the land-use pattern surrounding the AQMSs and two log-lin regression models are used to investigate the effects of each land-use type on PM. The findings show a statistically significant difference in PM concentration and variability in the business, commercial, industrial, mixed, and high-density residential areas compared to parks and green areas, and that PM concentration and variability were less in mixed areas than in single land use, thus verifying the effectiveness of a mixed land-use planning strategy. Moreover, microclimatic, seasonal, and regional factors affect PM concentration and variability. Finally, to minimize exposure to PM, various policies such as mixed land use need to be established and implemented differently, depending on the season and time.
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Bozigar M, Lawson AB, Pearce JL, Svendsen ER, Vena JE. Using Bayesian time-stratified case-crossover models to examine associations between air pollution and "asthma seasons" in a low air pollution environment. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260264. [PMID: 34879071 PMCID: PMC8654232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many areas of the United States have air pollution levels typically below Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulatory limits. Most health effects studies of air pollution use meteorological (e.g., warm/cool) or astronomical (e.g., solstice/equinox) definitions of seasons despite evidence suggesting temporally-misaligned intra-annual periods of relative asthma burden (i.e., “asthma seasons”). We introduce asthma seasons to elucidate whether air pollutants are associated with seasonal differences in asthma emergency department (ED) visits in a low air pollution environment. Within a Bayesian time-stratified case-crossover framework, we quantify seasonal associations between highly resolved estimates of six criteria air pollutants, two weather variables, and asthma ED visits among 66,092 children ages 5–19 living in South Carolina (SC) census tracts from 2005 to 2014. Results show that coarse particulates (particulate matter <10 μm and >2.5 μm: PM10-2.5) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) may contribute to asthma ED visits across years, but are particularly implicated in the highest-burden fall asthma season. Fine particulate matter (<2.5 μm: PM2.5) is only associated in the lowest-burden summer asthma season. Relatively cool and dry conditions in the summer asthma season and increased temperatures in the spring and fall asthma seasons are associated with increased ED visit odds. Few significant associations in the medium-burden winter and medium-high-burden spring asthma seasons suggest other ED visit drivers (e.g., viral infections) for each, respectively. Across rural and urban areas characterized by generally low air pollution levels, there are acute health effects associated with particulate matter, but only in the summer and fall asthma seasons and differing by PM size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Bozigar
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrew B. Lawson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - John L. Pearce
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Erik R. Svendsen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - John E. Vena
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
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Wei P, Brimblecombe P, Yang F, Anand A, Xing Y, Sun L, Sun Y, Chu M, Ning Z. Determination of local traffic emission and non-local background source contribution to on-road air pollution using fixed-route mobile air sensor network. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:118055. [PMID: 34479161 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Traffic-related air pollutants are major contributors to deteriorating urban air quality and pose a serious threat to pedestrians. From both a scientific and a regulatory standpoint, it is important and challenging to understand the contributions of local and non-local sources to accurately apportion specific sources such as traffic emissions contribution to on-road and near-road microenvironment air quality. In this study, we deployed mobile sensors on-board buses to monitor NO, NO2, CO and PM2.5 along ten important routes in Hong Kong. The measurements include two seasons: April 2017 and July 2017. Two types of baseline extraction methods were evaluated and applied to separate local and background concentrations. The results show NO and NO2 are locally dominated air pollutants in spring, constituting 72%-84% and 58%-71%, respectively, with large inter-road variation. PM2.5 and CO largely arise from background sources, which contribute 55%-65% and 73%-79% respectively. PM2.5 displays a homogeneous spatial pattern, and the contributions show seasonal change, decreasing during summer. Regional transport pollution is the primary contributor during high pollution episodes. Isolated vehicle plumes show highly skewed concentration distributions. There are characteristic polluted segments on routes and they are most evident at rush hours. The most polluted road segments (top 10%) cluster at tunnel entrances and congested points. Some of these polluted locations were observed in Hong Kong's Low Emission Zones and suggest limitations to the existing control strategies, which only address larger buses. Our work gives new insights in the importance of regional cooperation to improve background air pollution combined with local control strategies to improve roadside air quality in Hong Kong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wei
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peter Brimblecombe
- Department of Marine Environment and Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fenhuan Yang
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Abhishek Anand
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Xing
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Sun
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuxi Sun
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mengyuan Chu
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi Ning
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, China.
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Particulate matter and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health 2021; 200:22-32. [PMID: 34653738 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to quantitatively synthesize the association between maternal exposure to particulate matter (PM; including PM <2.5 μm and PM <10 μm) and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP; including gestational hypertension [GH] and pre-eclampsia) and to explore the influence of certain factors on the outcome. STUDY DESIGN Meta-analysis was used to quantitatively synthesize the results of similar independent studies. METHODS Original documents were identified by searching six electronic bibliographic databases from their inceptions to August 17, 2021. Then we performed meta-analysis to combine the effect estimates if at least three estimates reported the same exposure and outcome and used stratified analysis to evaluate the impact of exposure assessment method, data source, and study area on heterogeneity. In addition, we used the 95% prediction interval to evaluate the potential effects of exposure in random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS The overall meta-analysis showed that the risk of HDP was significantly associated with per 5 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure during T1 and PM10 exposure during T, with odds ratios [ORs] 1.06 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.12) and 1.04 (95% CI: 1.02-1.07), respectively. The results also showed that PM2.5 exposure during T1 and T2 and PM10 exposure during T1 increased the incidence of GH; the summary ORs were 1.11 (95% CI: 1.01-1.23), 1.16 (95% CI: 1.05-1.29), and 1.04 (95% CI: 1.02-1.07), respectively. Subgroup analyses showed that the pooled effects were generally significant or more apparent in studies using models to assess exposure, studies whose data derived from birth registers, and studies in Europe. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis showed that PM exposure was associated with increased HDP risks, and the association varied by study area, data source, and exposure assessment method. With the continuous improvement of research design and exposure assessment, future research may find higher risks.
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Jung J, Park JY, Kim YC, Lee H, Kim E, Kim YS, Lee JP, Kim H. Effects of air pollution on mortality of patients with chronic kidney disease: A large observational cohort study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 786:147471. [PMID: 33971609 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Due to industrialization, the burden of diseases associated with air pollution is increasing. Although the risk associated with air pollution in the general population has been actively investigated, few studies have been conducted on the effects of exposure to air pollution in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in East Asia. A total of 29,602 patients with CKD in Seoul participated in a retrospective cohort at three medical centers. We assessed the association of individualized exposure to five types of air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, and CO) using inverse distance weighting (IDW) on mortality in CKD patients in the Cox proportional hazard model that was adjusted for sex, age, eGFR, hemoglobin, hypertension, diabetes, and area-level characteristics. During the 6.14 ± 3.96 years, 3863 deaths (13%) were observed. We confirmed the significant effects of PM2.5 (hazard ratio [HR] 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07-0.29) and CO (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.00-1.38) on mortality in CKD patients. Different associations were found when stratified by age, body mass index, smoking, and drinking status. Long-term exposure to air pollutants had negative effects on mortality in patients with CKD. These effects were prominent in patients aged over 65 years, patients with a lean body, and those who did not drink alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Jung
- Data Management and Statistics Institute, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, South Korea
| | - Jae Yoon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - Yong Chul Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - Hyewon Lee
- Department of Health Administration and Management, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, South Korea; Department of Software Convergence, Soonchunhyang University Graduate School, Asan, South Korea
| | - Ejin Kim
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, South Korea
| | - Yon Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - Jung Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, South Korea.
| | - Ho Kim
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, South Korea; Department of Public Health Science, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, South Korea.
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Guo LQ, Chen Y, Mi BB, Dang SN, Zhao DD, Liu R, Wang HL, Yan H. Retraction Note to: Ambient air pollution and adverse birth outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 21:756. [PMID: 32893535 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b18r0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Retraction Note to: J Zhejiang Univ-Sci B (Biomed & Biotechnol) 2019 20(3):238-252. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B1800122. The authors have retracted this article (Guo et al., 2019) because some data from the original literature had not been converted to appropriate units in the paper, which resulted in deviation of the meta-analysis results. For example, for the forest plot used to examine associations between PM10 exposure and the risk of adverse birth outcomes, the estimates from Brauer et al. (2008), Pedersen et al. (2013), Zhao et al. (2015), and Hansen et al. (2006) were on the originally reported scales of 1 µg/m3, 10 µg/m3, 10 µg/m3, and Inter Quartile Range, respectively. None of these estimates had been converted to 20 µg/m3 increase scale that was stated in the article. Similar problem exists in the analysis on associations between NO2 exposure and risk of adverse birth outcomes. Therefore, the results of the meta-analysis are misleading. All authors have agreed to this retraction and express their deepest apologies to the original authors, publishers, and readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Qian Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Medical Records Department, the First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin 718000, China
| | - Bai-Bing Mi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Shao-Nong Dang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Dou-Dou Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hong-Li Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
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Deyssenroth MA, Rosa MJ, Eliot MN, Kelsey KT, Kloog I, Schwartz JD, Wellenius GA, Peng S, Hao K, Marsit CJ, Chen J. Placental gene networks at the interface between maternal PM 2.5 exposure early in gestation and reduced infant birthweight. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 199:111342. [PMID: 34015297 PMCID: PMC8195860 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of evidence links maternal exposure to particulate matter <2.5 μM in diameter (PM2.5) and deviations in fetal growth. Several studies suggest that the placenta plays a critical role in conveying the effects of maternal PM2.5 exposure to the developing fetus. These include observed associations between air pollutants and candidate placental features, such as mitochondrial DNA content, DNA methylation and telomere length. However, gaps remain in delineating the pathways linking the placenta to air pollution-related health effects, including a comprehensive profiling of placental processes impacted by maternal PM2.5 exposure. In this study, we examined alterations in a placental transcriptome-wide network in relation to maternal PM2.5 exposure prior to and during pregnancy and infant birthweight. METHODS We evaluated PM2.5 exposure and placental RNA-sequencing data among study participants enrolled in the Rhode Island Child Health Study (RICHS). Daily residential PM2.5 levels were estimated using a hybrid model incorporating land-use regression and satellite remote sensing data. Distributed lag models were implemented to assess the impact on infant birthweight due to PM2.5 weekly averages ranging from 12 weeks prior to gestation until birth. Correlations were assessed between PM2.5 levels averaged across the identified window of susceptibility and a placental transcriptome-wide gene coexpression network previously generated using the WGCNA R package. RESULTS We identified a sensitive window spanning 12 weeks prior to and 13 weeks into gestation during which maternal PM2.5 exposure is significantly associated with reduced infant birthweight. Two placental coexpression modules enriched for genes involved in amino acid transport and cellular respiration were correlated with infant birthweight as well as maternal PM2.5 exposure levels averaged across the identified growth restriction window. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that maternal PM2.5 exposure may alter placental programming of fetal growth, with potential implications for downstream health effects, including susceptibility to cardiometabolic health outcomes and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya A Deyssenroth
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Maria José Rosa
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Melissa N Eliot
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Karl T Kelsey
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, 02903, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beersheba, 8410501, Israel
| | - Joel D Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Gregory A Wellenius
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Shouneng Peng
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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Li S, Peng L, Wu X, Xu G, Cheng P, Hao J, Huang Z, Xu M, Chen S, Zhang C, Hao J. Long-term impact of ambient air pollution on preterm birth in Xuzhou, China: a time series study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:41039-41050. [PMID: 33772720 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13621-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence witnesses the negative influence of air pollution on human health, but the relationship between air pollution and premature babies has been inconsistent. In this study, the association between weekly average concentration of air pollutants and preterm birth (PTB) was conducted in Xuzhou, a heavy industry city, in China. We constructed a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM), an ecological study, to access the associations between ambient air pollutants and PTB in this study. Totally, 5408 premature babies were included, and the weekly average levels of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, O3, and CO were 61.24, 110.21, 22.55, 40.55, 104.45, and 1.04 mg/m3, respectively. We found that PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and NO2 significantly increased the risk of PTB, and the susceptibility windows of these contaminants were the second trimester and third trimester (from 12 to 29 weeks). Every 10 μg/m3 increase of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and NO2, the greatest relative risk (RR) values and 95% confidence interval (CI) on PTB were 1.0075 [95% CI, 1.0019-1.0131], 1.0053 [95% CI, 1.0014-1.0092], 1.0203 [95% CI, 1.0030-1.0379], and 1.0170 [95% CI, 1.0052-1.0289] in lag 16th, 18th, 19th, and 20th gestational weeks, respectively. No significant influence of O3 and CO were found on preterm birth. Subgroup analysis showed that the risk of premature delivery was higher for younger pregnant women and in warm season. This finding shows that prenatal exposure to ambient air pollutants is associated with preterm birth, and there existed an exposure window period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- Department of Maternal Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Peng
- Xuzhou Maternal and Child Health Family Planning Service Center, 46 Heping Road, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaochang Wu
- Department of Maternal Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Geng Xu
- Xuzhou Maternal and Child Health Family Planning Service Center, 46 Heping Road, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Maternal Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jingwen Hao
- Department of Maternal Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Zhaohui Huang
- Department of Maternal Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Center for Woman and Child Health, No. 38 Gongwan Road, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Xuzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Shuting Chen
- Yunlong District Maternal and Child Health Family Planning Service Center, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Maternal Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Jiahu Hao
- Department of Maternal Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Rappazzo KM, Nichols JL, Rice RB, Luben TJ. Ozone exposure during early pregnancy and preterm birth: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 198:111317. [PMID: 33989623 PMCID: PMC8221456 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ozone has been linked to reproductive outcomes, including preterm birth. In this systematic review, we summarize published epidemiologic cohort and case-control studies examining ozone exposures (estimated on a continuous scale) in early pregnancy (1st and 2nd trimesters (T1, T2)) and preterm birth using ratio measures, and perform a meta-analysis to evaluate the potential relationship between them. Studies were identified by searching PubMed and Web of Science, screened according to predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria, and evaluated for study quality. We extracted study data including effect estimates, confidence limits, study location, study years, ozone exposure assessment method, and mean or median ozone concentrations. Nineteen studies were identified and included, of which 18 examined T1 exposure (17 reported effect estimates), and 15 examined T2 exposure. Random effects meta-analysis was performed in the metafor package, R 3.5.3. The pooled OR (95% CI) for a 10 ppb increase in ozone exposure in T1 was 1.06 (1.03, 1.10) with a 95% prediction interval of 0.95, 1.19; for T2 it was 1.05 (1.02, 1.08) with a 95% prediction interval of 0.95, 1.16. Effect estimates for both exposure periods showed high heterogeneity. In meta-regression analyses of study characteristics, study location (continent) explained some (~20%) heterogeneity for T1 exposure studies, but no characteristic explained a substantial amount of heterogeneity for T2 exposure studies. Increased ozone exposure during early pregnancy is associated with preterm birth across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Rappazzo
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Nichols
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, USA
| | - R Byron Rice
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, USA
| | - Thomas J Luben
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, USA
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Air pollution-associated blood pressure may be modified by diet among children in Guangzhou, China. J Hypertens 2021; 38:2215-2222. [PMID: 32649627 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the associations between long-term air pollution exposure and blood pressure in children, and to explore the modifying effects of diet on prehypertension and hypertension. METHODS We evaluated 7225 primary school children aged 6-12 years from Guangzhou, China, in 2017. The blood pressure was measured objectively. The individual 1-year average concentration of particles with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less or 10 μm or less (PM2.5, PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3) before each blood pressure measurement were calculated by inverse distance weighting interpolation according to each home address. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to examine the health effects and potential effect modifications by diet factors after adjusting for covariates. RESULTS The results showed that the estimated increase in mean SBP was 0.92 mmHg (95% CI 0.05-1.79) per interquartile range increase in O3. An interquartile range increase in the 1-year mean of SO2 and O3 was associated with odds ratios of 1.26 (95% CI 1.04-1.52) and 1.20 (95% CI 1.06-1.35) for prehypertension, respectively. In addition, an interquartile range increase in PM2.5, SO2, and O3 exposure was positively associated with hypertension, with odds ratios of 1.33 (95% CI 1.11-1.61), 1.70 (95% CI 1.33-2.16), and 1.48 (95% CI 1.20-1.83), respectively. Stronger effect estimates between PM2.5, SO2, and O3 concentration on prehypertension were exhibited among subgroups of children with a higher intake of sugar-sweetened beverages. CONCLUSION Long-term exposure to PM2.5, SO2, and O3 were associated with higher blood pressure levels in children, and dietary intake might modify these associations.
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Willis MD, Hill EL, Kile ML, Carozza S, Hystad P. Assessing the effectiveness of vehicle emission regulations on improving perinatal health: a population-based accountability study. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 49:1781-1791. [PMID: 33485273 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the 1990s, extensive regulations to reduce traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) have been implemented, yet the effectiveness of these regulations has not been assessed with respect to improving infant health. In this study, we evaluate how infant health risks associated with maternal residences near highways during pregnancy have changed over time. METHODS We created a population-based retrospective birth cohort with geocoded residential addresses in Texan metropolitan areas from 1996 through 2009 (n = 2 259 411). We compared term birthweight (37-42 weeks of gestation) among maternal residences <300 m from a highway (high TRAP exposure) (n = 394 346) and 500-3500 m from a highway (comparison group) (n = 1 865 065). We implemented linear regressions to evaluate interactions between high TRAP exposure and birth year, adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic status and neighbourhood context. In addition, we used propensity score matching to further reduce residual confounding. RESULTS From 1996 to 2009, outdoor NO2 decreased by 51.3%, based on regulatory monitoring data in Texas. Among pregnant women who resided in the high TRAP zone during pregnancy, interaction terms between residential location and birth year show that birthweight increased by 1.1 g [95% confidence interval CI): 0.7, 1.5) in unadjusted models and 0.3 g (95% CI: 0.0, 0.6) in matched models. Time-stratified models also show decreasing impacts of living in high TRAP areas on birthweight when comparing infants born in 1996-97 with 2008-09. Sensitivity analyses with alternative exposure and control groups show consistent results. CONCLUSIONS Infant health risks associated with maternal residence near highways have reduced over time, paralleling regulatory measures to improve exhaust pipe emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary D Willis
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Elaine L Hill
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY, USA
| | - Molly L Kile
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Susan Carozza
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Perry Hystad
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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Butler L, Gallagher L, Winter M, Fabian MP, Wesselink A, Aschengrau A. Residential proximity to roadways and placental-associated stillbirth: a case-control study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2021; 31:465-474. [PMID: 31587563 PMCID: PMC7131873 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2019.1673882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a retrospective case-control study of 1,097 women in Massachusetts and Rhode Island, USA, to examine the association between stillbirth related to placental abruption or placental insufficiency and maternal exposure to traffic-related air pollution. We utilized distance to nearest roadway proximity metrics as a proxy for traffic-related air pollution exposure. No meaningful increase in the overall odds of placental-associated stillbirths was observed (adjusted OR: 1.1, 95% CI: 0.5-2.8). However, mothers living within 50 m of a roadway had a 60% increased odds of experiencing a stillbirth related to placental abruption compared to mothers living greater than 200 m away. This suggestive finding was imprecise due to the small case number in the highest exposure category (95% CI: 0.6-4.0). Future studies of placental abruption with more precise exposure assessments are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Butler
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Lisa Gallagher
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Michael Winter
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M. Patricia Fabian
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Amelia Wesselink
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Ann Aschengrau
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Martenies SE, Hoskovec L, Wilson A, Allshouse WB, Adgate JL, Dabelea D, Jathar S, Magzamen S. Assessing the Impact of Wildfires on the Use of Black Carbon as an Indicator of Traffic Exposures in Environmental Epidemiology Studies. GEOHEALTH 2021; 5:e2020GH000347. [PMID: 34124496 PMCID: PMC8173457 DOI: 10.1029/2020gh000347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies frequently use black carbon (BC) as a proxy for traffic-related air pollution (TRAP). However, wildfire smoke (WFS) represents an important source of BC not often considered when using BC as a proxy for TRAP. Here, we examined the potential for WFS to bias TRAP exposure assessments based on BC measurements. Weekly integrated BC samples were collected across the Denver, CO region from May to November 2018. We collected 609 filters during our sampling campaigns, 35% of which were WFS-impacted. For each filter we calculated an average BC concentration. We assessed three GIS-based indicators of TRAP for each sampling location: annual average daily traffic within a 300 m buffer, the minimum distance to a highway, and the sum of the lengths of roadways within 300 m. Median BC concentrations were 9% higher for WFS-impacted filters (median = 1.14 μg/m3, IQR = 0.23 μg/m3) than nonimpacted filters (median = 1.04 μg/m3, IQR = 0.48 μg/m3). During WFS events, BC concentrations were elevated and expected spatial gradients in BC were reduced. We conducted a simulation study to estimate TRAP exposure misclassification as the result of regional WFS. Our results suggest that linear health effect estimates were biased away from the null when WFS was present. Thus, exposure assessments relying on BC as a proxy for TRAP may be biased by wildfire events. Alternative metrics that account for the influence of "brown" carbon associated with biomass burning may better isolate the effects of traffic emissions from those of other black carbon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. E. Martenies
- Kinesiology and Community HealikthUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
- Environmental and Radiological Health SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - L. Hoskovec
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - A. Wilson
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - W. B. Allshouse
- Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public HealthUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA
| | - J. L. Adgate
- Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public HealthUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA
| | - D. Dabelea
- Department of EpidemiologyColorado School of Public HealthUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD Center)University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA
- School of MedicineDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA
| | - S. Jathar
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - S. Magzamen
- Environmental and Radiological Health SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyColorado School of Public HealthUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA
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Friedman C, Dabelea D, Thomas DSK, Peel JL, Adgate JL, Magzamen S, Martenies SE, Allshouse WB, Starling AP. Exposure to ambient air pollution during pregnancy and inflammatory biomarkers in maternal and umbilical cord blood: The Healthy Start study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111165. [PMID: 33857458 PMCID: PMC8216209 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution exposure during pregnancy has been associated with adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. Inflammation has been proposed as a potential link. We estimated associations between air pollution exposure during pregnancy and inflammatory biomarkers in maternal and cord blood. We evaluated whether maternal inflammation was associated with infant outcomes. METHODS Among 515 mother-infant dyads in the Healthy Start study (2009-2014), trimester-long, 7- and 30-day average concentrations of particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) during pregnancy were estimated, using inverse-distance-weighted interpolation. Inflammatory biomarkers were measured in maternal blood in mid-pregnancy (C-reactive protein [CRP], Interleukin [IL]-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α [TNFα]) and in cord blood at delivery (CRP, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1], and TNFα). We used linear regression to estimate associations between pollutants and inflammatory biomarkers and maternal inflammatory biomarkers and infant weight and body composition. RESULTS There were positive associations between PM2.5 during certain exposure periods and maternal IL-6 and TNFα. There were negative associations between recent O3 and maternal CRP, IL-6, and TNFα and positive associations between trimester-long O3 exposure and maternal inflammatory biomarkers, though some 95% confidence intervals included the null. Patterns were inconsistent for associations between PM2.5 and O3 and cord blood inflammatory biomarkers. No consistent associations between maternal inflammatory biomarkers and infant outcomes were identified. CONCLUSIONS Air pollution exposure during pregnancy may impact maternal inflammation. Further investigations should examine the health consequences for women and infants of elevated inflammatory biomarkers associated with air pollution exposure during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Friedman
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Deborah S K Thomas
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of North Carolina Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer L Peel
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - John L Adgate
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sheryl Magzamen
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sheena E Martenies
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - William B Allshouse
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Anne P Starling
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Bekbulat B, Apte JS, Millet DB, Robinson AL, Wells KC, Presto AA, Marshall JD. Changes in criteria air pollution levels in the US before, during, and after Covid-19 stay-at-home orders: Evidence from regulatory monitors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:144693. [PMID: 33736238 PMCID: PMC7831446 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The widespread and rapid social and economic changes from Covid-19 response might be expected to dramatically improve air quality. However, national monitoring data from the US Environmental Protection Agency for criteria pollutants (PM2.5, ozone, NO2, CO, PM10) provide inconsistent support for that expectation. Specifically, during stay-at-home orders, average PM2.5 levels were slightly higher (~10% of its multi-year interquartile range [IQR]) than expected; average ozone, NO2, CO, and PM10 levels were slightly lower (~30%, ~20%, ~27%, and ~1% of their IQR, respectively) than expected. The timing of peak anomaly, relative to the stay-at-home orders, varied by pollutant (ozone: 2 weeks before; NO2, CO: 3 weeks after; PM10: 2 weeks after); but, by 5-6 weeks after stay-at-home orders, the concentration anomalies appear to have ended. For PM2.5, ozone, CO, and PM10, no US state had lower-than-expected pollution levels for all weeks during stay-at-home-orders; for NO2, only Arizona had lower-than-expected levels for all weeks during stay-at-home orders. Our findings show that the enormous changes from the Covid-19 response have not lowered PM2.5 levels across the US beyond their normal range of variability; for ozone, NO2, CO, and PM10 concentrations were lowered but the reduction was modest and transient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bujin Bekbulat
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Joshua S Apte
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America and School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Dylan B Millet
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Allen L Robinson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Kelley C Wells
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Albert A Presto
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Julian D Marshall
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.
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72
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Chen H, Oliver BG, Pant A, Olivera A, Poronnik P, Pollock CA, Saad S. Particulate Matter, an Intrauterine Toxin Affecting Foetal Development and Beyond. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050732. [PMID: 34066412 PMCID: PMC8148178 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is the 9th cause of the overall disease burden globally. The solid component in the polluted air, particulate matters (PMs) with a diameter of 2.5 μm or smaller (PM2.5) possess a significant health risk to several organ systems. PM2.5 has also been shown to cross the blood–placental barrier and circulate in foetal blood. Therefore, it is considered an intrauterine environmental toxin. Exposure to PM2.5 during the perinatal period, when the foetus is particularly susceptible to developmental defects, has been shown to reduce birth weight and cause preterm birth, with an increase in adult disease susceptibility in the offspring. However, few studies have thoroughly studied the health outcome of foetuses due to intrauterine exposure and the underlying mechanisms. This perspective summarises currently available evidence, which suggests that intrauterine exposure to PM2.5 promotes oxidative stress and inflammation in a similar manner as occurs in response to direct PM exposure. Oxidative stress and inflammation are likely to be the common mechanisms underlying the dysfunction of multiple systems, offering potential targets for preventative strategies in pregnant mothers for an optimal foetal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (B.G.O.); (A.O.)
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Brian G. Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (B.G.O.); (A.O.)
| | - Anushriya Pant
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (A.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Annabel Olivera
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (B.G.O.); (A.O.)
| | - Philip Poronnik
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (A.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Carol A. Pollock
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia;
| | - Sonia Saad
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia;
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (S.S.)
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Shairsingh KK, Brook JR, Mihele CM, Evans GJ. Characterizing long-term NO 2 concentration surfaces across a large metropolitan area through spatiotemporal land use regression modelling of mobile measurements. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:111010. [PMID: 33716024 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A spatiotemporal land use regression (LUR) model optimized to predict nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations obtained from on-road, mobile measurements collected in 2015-16 was independently evaluated using concentrations observed at multiple sites across Toronto, Canada, obtained more than ten years earlier. This spatiotemporal LUR modelling approach improves upon estimates of historical NO2 concentrations derived from the previously used method of back-extrapolation. The optimal spatiotemporal LUR model (R2 = 0.71 for prediction of NO2 data in 2002 and 2004) uses daily average NO2 concentrations observed at multiple long-term monitoring sites and hourly average wind speed recorded at a single site, along with spatial predictors based on geographical information system data, to estimate NO2 levels for time periods outside of those used for model development. While the model tended to underestimate samplers located close to the roadway, it showed great accuracy when estimating samplers located beyond 100 m which are probably more relevant for exposure at residences. This study shows that spatiotemporal LUR models developed from strategic, multi-day (30 days in 3 different months) mobile measurements can enhance LUR model's ability to estimate long-term, intra-urban NO2 patterns. Furthermore, the mobile sampling strategy enabled this new LUR model to cover a larger domain of Toronto and outlying suburban communities, thereby increasing the potential population for future epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerolyn K Shairsingh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry. University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada.
| | - Jeffrey R Brook
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry. University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3M7, Canada.
| | - Cristian M Mihele
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, North York, Ontario, M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Greg J Evans
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry. University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
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74
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Tripathy S, Marsland AL, Kinnee EJ, Tunno BJ, Manuck SB, Gianaros PJ, Clougherty JE. Long-Term Ambient Air Pollution Exposures and Circulating and Stimulated Inflammatory Mediators in a Cohort of Midlife Adults. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:57007. [PMID: 34014775 PMCID: PMC8136520 DOI: 10.1289/ehp7089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic exposure to air pollution may prime the immune system to be reactive, increasing inflammatory responses to immune stimulation and providing a pathway to increased risk for inflammatory diseases, including asthma and cardiovascular disease. Although long-term exposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with increased circulating markers of inflammation, it is unknown whether it also relates to the magnitude of inflammatory response. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine associations between chronic ambient pollution exposures and circulating and stimulated levels of inflammatory mediators in a cohort of healthy adults. METHODS Circulating interleukin (IL)-6, C-reactive protein (CRP) (n=392), and lipopolysaccharide stimulated production of IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (n=379) were measured in the Adult Health and Behavior II cohort. Fine particulate matter [particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM2.5)] and constituents [black carbon (BC), and lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe)] were estimated for each residential address using hybrid dispersion land use regression models. Associations between pollutant exposures and inflammatory measures were examined using linear regression; models were adjusted for age, sex, race, education, smoking, body mass index, and month of blood draw. RESULTS There were no significant correlations between circulating and stimulated measures of inflammation. Significant positive associations were found between exposure to PM2.5 and BC with stimulated production of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Pb, Mn, Fe, and Zn exposures were positively associated with stimulated production of IL-1β and TNF-α. No pollutants were associated with circulating IL-6 or CRP levels. DISCUSSION Exposure to PM2.5, BC, Pb, Mn, Fe, and Zn was associated with increased production of inflammatory mediators by stimulated immune cells. In contrast, pollutant exposure was not related to circulating markers of inflammation. These results suggest that chronic exposure to some pollutants may prime immune cells to mount larger inflammatory responses, possibly contributing to increased risk for inflammatory disease. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7089.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Tripathy
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna L. Marsland
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ellen J. Kinnee
- University Center for Social and Urban Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brett J. Tunno
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephen B. Manuck
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peter J. Gianaros
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jane E. Clougherty
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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75
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Zheng J, Qiu Z, Gao HO, Li B. Commuter PM exposure and estimated life-expectancy loss across multiple transportation modes in Xi'an, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 214:112117. [PMID: 33690005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Commuters are reportedly exposed to severe traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) during their commuting trips. This study was designed and implemented to (1) compare particulate matter (PM) exposure across four common transportation modes; (2) examine and analyze various determining factors; and (3) estimate public health effects caused by commuting exposure to PM. All analyses and calculations were based on the experimental data collected from 13 volunteers, including heart-rate data on 336 commuting trips in four travel modes in Xi'an China. The results indicate highest PM exposure associated with cycling (average PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0 of 114.35, 72.37 and 56.51 μg/m3, respectively), followed by riding transit buses (116.29, 67.60 and 51.12 μg/m3 for the same pollutants, respectively), then taking a taxi (97.61, 58.87 and 45.11 μg/m3), and the lowest exposure onboard subways (55.86, 46.20 and 40.20 μg/m3). A multivariable linear regression model was used to examine major influences on PM concentration variations, with results corroborating significant PM variance across commuting modes, which is also affected by background pollution concentration and relative humidity. Further, years of life expectancy (YLE) loss were estimated using an inhalation dose model together with the life table method: cycling commuters experienced the greatest YLE loss (5.51-6.43 months per capita for the studied age group). During severe pollution periods, substituting other modes (like subway) for cycling could effectively avoid acute exposure. PM2.5 levels in taxi cabins powered by CNG or methanol were comparatively lower, indicating that implementing alternative energy strategies could effectively lower traffic emissions and population exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Zheng
- School of Automobile, Chang'an University, Chang'an Road, Xi'an, 710064 Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zhaowen Qiu
- School of Automobile, Chang'an University, Chang'an Road, Xi'an, 710064 Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - H Oliver Gao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 468 Hollister Hall, Ithaca, 14853 NY, USA
| | - Bing Li
- School of Automobile, Chang'an University, Chang'an Road, Xi'an, 710064 Shaanxi, PR China
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Air pollution and pregnancy outcomes based on exposure evaluation using a land use regression model: A systematic review. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 60:193-215. [PMID: 33678317 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This review systematically assessed those studies investigating the association between air pollution and birth outcomes using land use regression (LUR) models for exposure assessment. Fifty-four studies were identified which were published between 2007 and 2019. Most of these were conducted in America, Spain and Canada, while only five were conducted in China. One hundred and ninety-seven LUR models were developed for different pollutants. The main pollutants that these studies assessed were NO2 and PM2.5, and the main pregnancy outcomes investigated were preterm birth (PTB), small for gestational age (SGA) and birth weight. Studies consistently found that NO2 exposure during pregnancy was associated with reduced fetal growth and development. The effect of NO2 on other adverse pregnancy outcomes is unclear. In addition, it was found that increased PM2.5 (aerodynamic equivalent diameter ≤ 2.5 um) exposure during pregnancy reduced birth weight. The effect of PM2.5 on other adverse pregnancy outcomes is also unclear. The relationship between other pollutants and adverse pregnancy outcomes is uncertain based on the existing research. Exposure assessment with LUR modeling has been widely used in Europe and North America, but used less in China. Future studies are recommended to use LUR modeling for individual exposure evaluation in China to better characterize the relationship between air pollution and adverse pregnancy outcomes. In addition, further research is required given that a lot of the associations looked at in the review were inconclusive.
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77
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Zou Z, Liu W, Huang C, Cai J, Fu Q, Sun C, Zhang J. Gestational exposures to outdoor air pollutants in relation to low birth weight: A retrospective observational study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 193:110354. [PMID: 33098816 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Findings for impacts of outdoor air pollutants on birth outcomes were controversial. We performed a retrospective observational study in 2527 preschoolers of Shanghai, China and investigated associations of duration-averaged concentrations of outdoor sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm (PM10) in different months and trimesters of gestation, with preterm birth (PB), low birth weight (LBW), term low birth weight (T-LBW), and small for gestational age (SGA). Daily concentrations of outdoor air pollutants were collected in each residence-located district. Parents reported health information. In the multivariate logistic regression analyses, exposures to outdoor NO2 were consistently associated with the higher odds of LBW and T-LBW. These associations were generally stronger for early months than for later months of the gestation. Adjusted odds ratios generally were larger in multi-pollutant model than in single-pollutant model. Exposure to NO2 in the first month of the gestation was significantly associated with T-LBW (adjusted OR, 95%CI: 1.91, 1.02-3.58 for increment of interquartile range (18.5 μg/m3); p-value = 0.044) in multi-pollutant model. This association was stronger in girls, renters, and children whose mothers ≥30 years-old, with household dampness-related exposures, and with parental smoking during pregnancy. Our results indicate that exposure to NO2 during gestation perhaps is a risk factor for LBW and T-LBW, and effects of NO2 exposures could be greater during early periods than during later periods of gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Zou
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute for Health and Environment, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China.
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Cai
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingyan Fu
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Chanjuan Sun
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialing Zhang
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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78
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Wang L, Luo D, Liu X, Zhu J, Wang F, Li B, Li L. Effects of PM 2.5 exposure on reproductive system and its mechanisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128436. [PMID: 33032215 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With the development of human society, haze has become an important form of air pollution. Haze is a mixture of fog and haze, and the main component of haze is fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which is the most important indicator of composite air pollution. Epidemiological studies proved that PM2.5 can break through the respiratory mucosal barrier and enter the human body, causing pathological effects on multiple systems of the body. In the past, people put more attention to PM2.5 in the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, nervous system, etc, and relatively paid less attention to the reproductive system. Recent studies have shown that PM2.5 will accumulate in the reproductive organs through blood-testis barrier, placental barrier, epithelial barrier and other barriers protecting reproductive tissues. In addition, PM2.5 can disrupt hormone levels, ultimately affecting fertility. Prior studies have shown that oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and the breakdown of barrier structures are now considered to contribute to reproductive toxicity and may cause damage at the molecular and genetic levels. However, the exact mechanism remains to be elucidated. Our review aims to provide an understanding of the pathological effects of PM2.5 on reproductive system and the existing injury mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjuan Wang
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China; Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Jianqiang Zhu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Fengli Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China.
| | - Liming Li
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China
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79
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Li Z, Liang D, Ye D, Chang HH, Ziegler TR, Jones DP, Ebelt ST. Application of high-resolution metabolomics to identify biological pathways perturbed by traffic-related air pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 193:110506. [PMID: 33245887 PMCID: PMC7855798 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substantial research has investigated the adverse effects of traffic-related air pollutants (TRAP) on human health. Convincing associations between TRAP and respiratory and cardiovascular diseases are known, but the underlying biological mechanisms are not well established. High-resolution metabolomics (HRM) is a promising platform for untargeted characterization of molecular mechanisms between TRAP and health indexes. OBJECTIVES We examined metabolic perturbations associated with short-term exposures to TRAP, including carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC) among 180 participants of the Center for Health Discovery and Well-Being (CHDWB), a cohort of Emory University-affiliated employees. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on baseline visits of 180 CHDWB participants enrolled during 2008-2012, in whom HRM profiling was determined in plasma samples using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry with positive and negative electrospray ionization (ESI) modes. Ambient pollution concentrations were measured at an ambient monitor near downtown Atlanta. Metabolic perturbations associated with TRAP exposures were assessed following an untargeted metabolome-wide association study (MWAS) framework using feature-specific Tobit regression models, followed by enriched pathway analysis and chemical annotation. RESULTS Subjects were predominantly white (76.1%) and non-smokers (95.6%), and all had at least a high school education. In total, 7821 and 4123 metabolic features were extracted from the plasma samples by the negative and positive ESI runs, respectively. There are 3421 features significantly associated with at least one air pollutant by negative ion mode, and 1691 features by positive ion mode. Biological pathways enriched by features associated with the pollutants are primarily involved in nucleic acids damage/repair (e.g., pyrimidine metabolism), nutrient metabolism (e.g., fatty acid metabolism), and acute inflammation (e.g., histidine metabolism and tyrosine metabolism). NO2 and EC were associated most consistently with these pathways. We confirmed the chemical identity of 8 metabolic features in negative ESI and 2 features in positive ESI, including metabolites closely linked to oxidative stress and inflammation, such as histamine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and proline. CONCLUSIONS We identified a range of ambient pollutants, including components of TRAP, associated with differences in the metabolic phenotype among the cohort of 180 subjects. We found Tobit models to be a robust approach to handle missing data among the metabolic features. The results were encouraging of further use of HRM and MWAS approaches for characterizing molecular mechanisms underlying exposure to TRAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjiang Li
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Donghai Liang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Dongni Ye
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Howard H Chang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Thomas R Ziegler
- Division of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, United States
| | - Stefanie T Ebelt
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA.
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80
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Zhou H, Zhang F, Du Z, Liu R. Forecasting PM 2.5 using hybrid graph convolution-based model considering dynamic wind-field to offer the benefit of spatial interpretability. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 273:116473. [PMID: 33503566 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a complex process and is affected by meteorological conditions and other chemical components. Numerous studies have demonstrated that data-driven spatio-temporal prediction models of PM2.5 concentration are comparable with the model-driven model. However, data-driven models are usually depending on the statistical correlation between PM2.5 and other factors and have challenges in dealing with causality in complex systems. In this paper, we argue that domain knowledge should be incorporated into data-driven models to enhance prediction accuracy and make the model more physically realistic. We focus on the influence of dynamic wind-field on PM2.5 concentration distribution and fuse the pollution diffusion distance with the deep learning model based on a wind-field surface. In order to model spatial dependence between monitoring stations, which is dynamic and anisotropic because of the wind-field, we proposed a hybrid deep learning framework, dynamic directed spatio-temporal graph convolution networks (DD-STGCN). It expanded the ability to deal with space-time prediction in the continuous and dynamic wind-field. We used a directed graph time-series to describe the vertex state and topological relationship between vertices and replaced traditional Euclidean distance with wind-field diffusion distance to describe the proximity relationship between vertices. Our experiment results demonstrated that the DD-STGCN model achieved a better prediction ability than LSTM, GC-LSTM, and STGCN models. Compared to the best comparison model, MAPE, MAE, and RMSE were improved by 10.2%, 9.7%, and 9.6% in 12 h on an average, respectively. The performance of our model was further tested during a haze period. In the case that two models both considered the effect of wind, compared with the pure data-driven model, our model performed better in prediction distribution and showed the benefit of spatial interpretability provided by domain knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Zhou
- School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, Hangzhou, 310028, China.
| | - Zhenhong Du
- School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, Hangzhou, 310028, China
| | - Renyi Liu
- School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, Hangzhou, 310028, China; Ocean Academy, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, China
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81
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Air Pollution and Adverse Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes: Mediation Analysis Using Metabolomic Profiles. Curr Environ Health Rep 2021; 7:231-242. [PMID: 32770318 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-020-00284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Review how to use metabolomic profiling in causal mediation analysis to assess epidemiological evidence for air pollution impacts on birth outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Maternal exposures to air pollutants have been associated with pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. Causal mediation analysis enables us to estimate direct and indirect effects on outcomes (i.e., effect decomposition), elucidating causal mechanisms or effect pathways. Maternal metabolites and metabolic pathways are perturbed by air pollution exposures may lead to adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes, thus they can be considered mediators in the causal pathways. Metabolomic markers have been used to explain the biological mechanisms linking air pollution and respiratory function, and of arsenic exposure and birth weight. However, mediation analysis of metabolomic markers has not been used to assess air pollution effects on adverse birth outcomes. In this article, we describe the assumptions and applications of mediation analysis using metabolomic markers that elucidate the potential mechanisms of the effects of air pollution on adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. The hypothesis of mediation along specified pathways can be assessed within the structural causal modeling framework. For causal inferences, several assumptions that go beyond the data-including no uncontrolled confounding-need to be made to justify the effect decomposition. Nevertheless, studies that integrate metabolomic information in causal mediation analysis may greatly improve our understanding of the effects of ambient air pollution on adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes as they allow us to suggest and test hypotheses about underlying biological mechanisms in studies of pregnant women.
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Wang Q, Miao H, Warren JL, Ren M, Benmarhnia T, Knibbs LD, Zhang H, Zhao Q, Huang C. Association of maternal ozone exposure with term low birth weight and susceptible window identification. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106208. [PMID: 33129003 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ozone pollution keeps deteriorating in the context of climate change. Maternal ozone exposure may be associated with low birth weight (LBW), but the results are still inconsistent. The identification of the critical exposure windows, a specific period of particular susceptibility during pregnancy, remains unresolved. We aimed to evaluate whether ozone exposure was associated with term LBW and further identify the susceptible exposure windows. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted in Guangzhou, a megacity in the most populous and economically developed city clusters in China. We included 444,096 singleton live births between January 2015 and July 2017. From 11 fixed stations, we collected daily 1-h maximum and 8-h maximum moving average ozone level (O3-1 h and O3-8 h) and calculated exposures for each participant based on their district of residence during pregnancy. We used traditional Logistic regression to estimate the trimester-specific association between ozone exposure and term LBW, and further estimated monthly- and weekly association by distributed lag models (DLMs) with Logistic regression. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of term LBW were calculated for an interquartile range (IQR) increase in ozone exposure. Stratified analyses and heterogeneity tests were conducted by maternal age and infant sex. RESULTS The incidence of term LBW was 1.9%. During the study period, the mean O3-1 h and O3-8 h levels were 112.6 µg/m3 and 84.5 µg/m3, respectively. Increased O3-1 h (IQR: 90 µg/m3) and O3-8 h (73 µg/m3) exposure during the second trimester were associated with increased risk of term LBW. At a monthly level, the term LBW risk was associated with O3-1 h exposure during the 4th-6th month and O3-8 h exposure during the 6th month. By estimating the weekly-specific association, we observed that critical exposure windows were the 15th- 26th gestational weeks for O3-1 h, and the 20th-26th weeks for O3-8 h, respectively. Estimated ORs and 95% CIs ranged from 1.012 (1.000, 1.024) to 1.023 (1.007, 1.039). When examined by subgroups, the effects were present among women ≥ 35 years or < 25 years old and those with female babies. CONCLUSIONS This study provides compelling evidence that exposure to O3 was associated with increased risk of term LBW, and gestational weeks 15th- 26th was found to be particularly susceptible. These findings provide a research basis for further mechanism examination, public health interventions, and targeted environmental policy-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huazhang Miao
- Department of Healthcare, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Joshua L Warren
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
| | - Meng Ren
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tarik Benmarhnia
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, USA; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Luke D Knibbs
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingguo Zhao
- Epidemiological Research Office of Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics (National Health and Family Planning Commission), Family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong Province/Family Planning Special Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Cunrui Huang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Service, Shanghai, China.
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83
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Kumar P, Hama S, Nogueira T, Abbass RA, Brand VS, Andrade MDF, Asfaw A, Aziz KH, Cao SJ, El-Gendy A, Islam S, Jeba F, Khare M, Mamuya SH, Martinez J, Meng MR, Morawska L, Muula AS, Shiva Nagendra SM, Ngowi AV, Omer K, Olaya Y, Osano P, Salam A. In-car particulate matter exposure across ten global cities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 750:141395. [PMID: 32858288 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cars are a commuting lifeline worldwide, despite contributing significantly to air pollution. This is the first global assessment on air pollution exposure in cars across ten cities: Dhaka (Bangladesh); Chennai (India); Guangzhou (China); Medellín (Colombia); São Paulo (Brazil); Cairo (Egypt); Sulaymaniyah (Iraq); Addis Ababa (Ethiopia); Blantyre (Malawi); and Dar-es-Salaam (Tanzania). Portable laser particle counters were used to develop a proxy of car-user exposure profiles and analyse the factors affecting particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5; fine fraction) and ≤10 μm (PM2.5-10; coarse fraction). Measurements were carried out during morning, off- and evening-peak hours under windows-open and windows-closed (fan-on and recirculation) conditions on predefined routes. For all cities, PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were highest during windows-open, followed by fan-on and recirculation. Compared with recirculation, PM2.5 and PM10 were higher by up to 589% (Blantyre) and 1020% (São Paulo), during windows-open and higher by up to 385% (São Paulo) and 390% (São Paulo) during fan-on, respectively. Coarse particles dominated the PM fraction during windows-open while fine particles dominated during fan-on and recirculation, indicating filter effectiveness in removing coarse particles and a need for filters that limit the ingress of fine particles. Spatial variation analysis during windows-open showed that pollution hotspots make up to a third of the total route-length. PM2.5 exposure for windows-open during off-peak hours was 91% and 40% less than morning and evening peak hours, respectively. Across cities, determinants of relatively high personal exposure doses included lower car speeds, temporally longer journeys, and higher in-car concentrations. It was also concluded that car-users in the least affluent cities experienced disproportionately higher in-car PM2.5 exposures. Cities were classified into three groups according to low, intermediate and high levels of PM exposure to car commuters, allowing to draw similarities and highlight best practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; Department of Civil, Structural & Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Sarkawt Hama
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Thiago Nogueira
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; Departamento de Saúde Ambiental - Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas - Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas - IAG, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rana Alaa Abbass
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Veronika S Brand
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas - Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas - IAG, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fatima Andrade
- Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas - Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas - IAG, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Araya Asfaw
- Physics Department, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
| | - Kosar Hama Aziz
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Shi-Jie Cao
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; School of Architecture, Southeast University, Nanjing 21009, China; Academy of Building Energy Efficiency, School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ahmed El-Gendy
- Department of Construction Engineering, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Shariful Islam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Farah Jeba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mukesh Khare
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India
| | - Simon Henry Mamuya
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Jenny Martinez
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia
| | - Ming-Rui Meng
- Academy of Building Energy Efficiency, School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lidia Morawska
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - S M Shiva Nagendra
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India
| | - Aiwerasia Vera Ngowi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Khalid Omer
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Yris Olaya
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia
| | | | - Abdus Salam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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Shang L, Huang L, Yang L, Leng L, Qi C, Xie G, Wang R, Guo L, Yang W, Chung MC. Impact of air pollution exposure during various periods of pregnancy on term birth weight: a large-sample, retrospective population-based cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:3296-3306. [PMID: 32914309 PMCID: PMC7788013 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that maternal exposure to air pollution might affect term birth weight. However, the conclusions are controversial. Birth data of all term newborns born in Xi'an city of Shaanxi, China, from 2015 to 2018 and whose mother lived in Xi'an during pregnancy were selected form the Birth Registry Database. And the daily air quality data of Xi'an city was collected from Chinese Air Quality Online Monitoring and Analysis Platform. Generalized additive models (GAM) and 2-level binary logistic regression models were used to estimate the effects of air pollution exposure on term birth weight, the risk term low birth weight (TLBW), and macrosomia. Finally, 321521 term newborns were selected, including 4369(1.36%) TLBW infants and 24,960 (7.76%) macrosomia. The average pollution levels of PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 in Xi'an city from 2015 to 2018 were higher than national limits. During the whole pregnancy, maternal exposure to PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and CO all significantly reduced the term birth weight and increased the risk of TLBW. However, NO2 and O3 exposure have significantly increased the term birth weight, and O3 even increased the risk of macrosomia significantly. Those effects were also observed in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. But during the third trimester, high level of air quality index (AQI) and maternal exposure to PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO increased the term birth weight and the risk of macrosomia, while O3 exposure was contrary to this effect. The findings suggested that prenatal exposure to air pollution might cause adverse impacts on term birth weight, and the effects varied with trimesters and pollutants, which provides further pieces of evidence for the adverse effects of air pollution exposure in heavy polluted-area on term birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Liyan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Liren Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Longtao Leng
- School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Cuifang Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Guilan Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Leqian Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenfang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Chun Chung
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts USA
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85
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Shezi B, Jafta N, Naidoo RN. Exposure assessment of indoor particulate matter during pregnancy: a narrative review of the literature. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2020; 35:427-442. [PMID: 32598324 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to summarize the evidence of the exposure assessment approaches of indoor particulate matter (PM) during pregnancy and to recommend future focus areas. CONTENT Exposure to indoor PM during pregnancy is associated with adverse birth outcomes. However, many questions remain about the consistency of the findings and the magnitude of this effect. This may be due to the exposure assessment methods used and the challenges of characterizing exposure during pregnancy. Exposure is unlikely to remain constant over the nine-month period. Pregnant females' mobility and activities vary - for example, employment status may be random among females, but among those employed, activities are likely to be greater in the early pregnancy than closer to the delivery of the child. SUMMARY Forty three studies that used one of the five categories of indoor PM exposure assessment (self-reported, personal air monitoring, household air monitoring, exposure models and integrated approaches) were assessed. Our results indicate that each of these exposure assessment approaches has unique characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses. While questionnaires and interviews are based on self-report and recall, they were a major component in the reviewed exposure assessment studies. These studies predominantly used large sample sizes. Precision and detail were observed in studies that used integrated approaches (i. e. questionnaires, measurements and exposure models). OUTLOOK Given the limitations presented by these studies, exposure misclassification remains possible because of personal, within and between household variability, seasonal changes, and spatiotemporal variability during pregnancy. Therefore, using integrated approaches (i. e. questionnaire, measurements and exposure models) may provide better estimates of PM levels across trimesters. This may provide precision for exposure estimates in the exposure-response relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busisiwe Shezi
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council, Environment and Health Research Unit, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nkosana Jafta
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Rajen N Naidoo
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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86
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Yang Y, Lin Q, Liang Y, Ruan Z, Qian ZM, Syberg KM, Howard SW, Wang C, Acharya BK, Zhang Q, Ge H, Wu X, Li K, Guo X, Lin H. The mediation effect of maternal glucose on the association between ambient air pollution and birth weight in Foshan, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115128. [PMID: 32650160 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Maternal blood glucose level is associated with fetal growth, therefore, its role in the associations between air pollution and birth weight deserves investigation. We examined the mediation effect of maternal blood glucose on the associations between maternal air pollution exposure and birth weight. A total of 10,904 pregnant women in Foshan, China during 2015-2019 were recruited. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was administered to each participant after late trimester 2. Air pollution data at the monitoring stations in residential districts was used to estimate exposures of each participant during trimester 1 and trimester 2. Mixed-effects linear models were used to estimate the associations between air pollution and birth weight. After controlling for ten covariates, the direct effect of PM2.5 and SO2 (each 10 μg/m3 increment) on birth weight was -15.7 g (95% CI: -29.4, -4.8 g) and -83.6 g (95% CI: -134.8, -33.0 g) during trimester 1. The indirect effect of PM2.5 and SO2 (each 10 μg/m3 increment) on birth weight by increasing maternal fasting glucose level was 6.6 g (95% CI: 4.6, 9.1 g) and 22.0 g (95% CI: 4.1, 44.0 g) during trimester 1. Our findings suggest that air pollution might affect the birth weight through direct and indirect pathway, and the indirect effect might be mediated by maternal blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingmei Lin
- Foshan Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Foshan Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Zengliang Ruan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengmin Min Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kevin M Syberg
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Steven W Howard
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Changke Wang
- National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Bipin Kumar Acharya
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qihao Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haibo Ge
- Foshan Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Xueli Wu
- Foshan Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Kaihua Li
- HongYang Software Co.,Ltd, Foshan, China
| | - Xiaoling Guo
- Foshan Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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87
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Li C, Yang M, Zhu Z, Sun S, Zhang Q, Cao J, Ding R. Maternal exposure to air pollution and the risk of low birth weight: A meta-analysis of cohort studies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 190:109970. [PMID: 32763280 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have evaluated the relationship between prenatal air pollution exposure and low birth weight, but the results are inconsistent. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to quantitatively analyze the relationship between maternal air pollutant exposure and low birth weight (LBW). PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched to obtain the studies on the relationship between the prenatal exposure of air pollutants and LBW that published as of June 2020. The pooled effects of air pollutant exposure and LBW were calculated using random-effect model (for studies with significant heterogeneity) or fixed-effect model (for studies without significant heterogeneity). Totally, 54 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled effect of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, CO, SO2, and O3 exposure on LBW were 1.081 (95% CI: 1.043, 1.120), 1.053 (95% CI: 1.030, 1.076), 1.030 (95% CI: 1.008, 1.053), 1.007 (95% CI: 1.001, 1.014), 1.125 (95% CI: 1.017, 1.244), and 1.045 (95% CI: 1.005, 1.086), respectively. NO2 (per 10 ppb increase) and CO (per 100 ppb increase) exposure in the first trimester were positively correlated with LBW, of which the pooled effect was 1.022 (95% CI: 1.009, 1. 035) and 1.008 (95% CI: 1.004, 1.012), respectively. PM2.5 (per 10 μg/m3 increase) exposure in the third trimester significantly affected the LBW, of which the pooled effect was 1.053 (95% CI: 1.010, 1.097). In addition, PM10 (per 10 μg/m3 increase) exposure in the second trimester also significantly affected the LBW, with the pooled effect of 1.011 (95% CI: 1.005, 1.017). Prenatal exposure of the major air pollutants during the entire pregnancy could increase the risk of LBW, while the susceptible window of the pollutants varied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlian Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Zijian Zhu
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Shu Sun
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Jiyu Cao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Department of Teaching Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
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88
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Sun S, Zhao J, Cao W, Lu W, Zheng T, Zeng Q. Identifying critical exposure windows for ambient air pollution and semen quality in Chinese men. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 189:109894. [PMID: 32678738 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Emerging studies documented the association between ambient air pollution exposure and semen quality, but the critical exposure windows have not been comprehensively studied. To identify susceptible windows for associations of exposure to ambient respirable particulate matter (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3) with sperm concentration, sperm count, total motility, and progressive motility, we recruited 1061 men attending an infertility clinic in Wuhan, China, between 2011 and 2013. We used a distributed lag multivariate linear regression to assess the exposure-lag-response relationship between semen quality and weekly air pollution exposure. The critical exposure windows were during the 6th to 12th sperm development weeks for PM10, 10th to 11th weeks for O3, and 0 to 5th weeks for SO2. Over the entire 12 weeks of spermatogenesis period, an interquartile range increase (IQR) increase in PM10 was associated with declined sperm concentration [-45.64% (95% CI: -59.97%, -26.18%) percent decrease], declined sperm count [-49.42% (95% CI: -64.42%, -28.09%) percent decrease], reduced total motility [-12.42 (95% CI: -20.47, -4.37)], and reduced progressive motility [-8.81 (95% CI: -16.00, -1.61)], SO2 per IQR increase was associated with reduced sperm concentration [-39.73% (95% CI: -55.96%, -17.51%) percent decrease] and total motility [-8.64 (95% CI: -16.90, -0.38)], but NO2 and O3 were not associated with any of the four sperm quality parameters. Our findings suggest that exposure to PM10 during spermatidogenesis period, exposure to SO2 during spermatocytogenesis period, and exposure to O3 during spermiogenesis period were associated with impaired semen quality, which implies air pollutants impair semen quality through varied pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhi Sun
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Jinzhu Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, PR China
| | - Wangnan Cao
- Center for Evidence Synthesis in Health, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Wenqing Lu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Tongzhang Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, 02906, USA.
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Wang L, Guo P, Tong H, Wang A, Chang Y, Guo X, Gong J, Song C, Wu L, Wang T, Hopke PK, Chen X, Tang NJ, Mao H. Traffic-related metrics and adverse birth outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 188:109752. [PMID: 32516633 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Given the inconsistency of epidemiologic evidence for associations between maternal exposures to traffic-related metrics and adverse birth outcomes, this manuscript aims to provide clarity on this topic. Pooled meta-estimates were calculated using random-effects analyses. Subgroup analyses were conducted by study area, study design, and Newcastle-Ottawa quality score (NOS). Funnel plots and Egger's test were conducted to evaluate the publication bias, and Fail-safe Numbers (Fail-safe N) were measured to evaluate the robustness of models. From the initial 740 studies (last search, July 11, 2019), 26 studies were included in our analysis. The pooled odds ratio for the change in small for gestational age associated with per 500 m decrease in the distance to roads was 1.016 (95% CI: 1.004, 1.029). Subgroup analyses revealed significant positive associations between term low birth weight and traffic density in higher-quality literatures with higher NOS [1.060 (95% CI: 1.002, 1.121)], cohort studies [1.020 (95% CI: 1.006, 1.033)], and studies in North America [1.018 (95% CI: 1.005, 1.131)]. The buffer of traffic density made no difference in the effect size. Traffic density seemed to be a better indicator of traffic pollution than the distance to roads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- Center for Urban Transport Emission Research (CUTER), And State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengyi Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Tong
- Center for Urban Transport Emission Research (CUTER), And State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Anxu Wang
- Center for Urban Transport Emission Research (CUTER), And State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Chang
- Tianjin Center Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, China
| | - Xuemei Guo
- University Library, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Junming Gong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Congbo Song
- Center for Urban Transport Emission Research (CUTER), And State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Center for Urban Transport Emission Research (CUTER), And State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Center for Urban Transport Emission Research (CUTER), And State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Center for Urban Transport Emission Research (CUTER), And State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, 300071, Tianjin, China; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, 300070, Tianjin, China.
| | - Nai-Jun Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, 300070, Tianjin, China.
| | - Hongjun Mao
- Center for Urban Transport Emission Research (CUTER), And State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, 300071, Tianjin, China.
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90
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Interaction of Air Pollutants and Meteorological Factors on Birth Weight in Shenzhen, China. Epidemiology 2020; 30 Suppl 1:S57-S66. [PMID: 31181007 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess if air pollutants and meteorological factors synergistically affect birth outcomes in Shenzhen, China. METHODS A total of 1,206,158 singleton live births between 2005 and 2012 were identified from a birth registry database. Daily average measurements of particulate matter ≤10 µm (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ambient air temperature (T), and dew point temperature (Td), a marker of humidity, were collected. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between air pollution and small for gestational age (SGA), and full-term low birth weight (TLBW). We classified births into those conceived in the warm (May-October) and cold seasons (November-April) and then estimated interactions between air pollutants and meteorological factors. RESULTS An interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM10 exposure during the first trimester (23.1 µg/m) and NO2 during both the first and second trimesters (15.1 and 13.4 µg/m) was associated with SGA and TLBW risk; odds ratios ranged from 1.01 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00, 1.02) to 1.09 (1.07, 1.12). We observed interactive effects of both air temperature and humidity on PM10 and SGA for newborns conceived in the warm season. Each IQR increase in PM10 (11.1 µg/m) increased SGA risk by 90% (95% CI = 19%, 205%), 29% (23, 34%), 61% (10, 38%), and 26% (21, 32%) when T < 5th percentile, 5th < T < 95th percentile, Td < 5th percentile, and 5th < Td < 95th percentile, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our study found evidence of an interactive effect of air temperature and humidity on the relationship between PM10 exposure and SGA among newborns conceived in the warm season (May-October). Relatively low air temperature or humidity exacerbated the effects of PM10.
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91
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Krall JR, Adibah N, Babin LM, Lee YC, Motti VG, McCombs M, McWilliams A, Thornburg J, Pollack AZ. Estimating exposure to traffic-related PM 2.5 for women commuters using vehicle and personal monitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 187:109644. [PMID: 32422483 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to traffic-related fine particulate matter air pollution (tr-PM2.5) has been associated with adverse health outcomes including preterm birth and low birthweight. In-vehicle exposure to tr-PM2.5 can contribute substantially to total tr-PM2.5 exposure. Because average commuting habits of women differ from men, a research gap is estimating in-vehicle tr-PM2.5 exposures for women commuters. For 46 women commuters in the Washington, D.C. metro area, we measured personal exposure to PM2.5 during all vehicle trips taken in a 48-h sampling period. We also measured 48-h integrated PM2.5 chemical constituents including black carbon and zinc. We identified trip times using vehicle monitors, specifically on-board diagnostics data loggers and dashboard cameras. For 386 trips, we estimated associations between PM2.5 exposure and trip characteristics using linear mixed models accounting for participant, day, and time of day. Additionally, we estimated associations between rush hour trip PM2.5 and 48-h integrated PM2.5 chemical constituents using linear models. Exposure to PM2.5 during trips was 1.9 μg/m3 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.9, 2.9) higher than non-trip exposures and rush hour trip exposures were 3.2 μg/m3 (95% CI: 1.8, 4.6) higher than non-trip exposures on average. We did not find differences in PM2.5 exposure by trip length. Although concentrations of tr-PM2.5 chemical constituents were generally positively associated with rush hour trip PM2.5, associations were weak indicating that other settings contribute to total tr-PM2.5 exposure. Our study demonstrates the utility of combining vehicle monitors and personal PM2.5 monitors for estimating personal exposure to tr-PM2.5. Future work will investigate whether additional data collected by vehicle monitors, such as traffic and speed, can be leveraged to better understand tr-PM2.5 exposure among commuters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna R Krall
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 4400 University Drive, MS 5B7, Fairfax, VA, 22030, United States.
| | - Nada Adibah
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 4400 University Drive, MS 5B7, Fairfax, VA, 22030, United States
| | - Leah M Babin
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 4400 University Drive, MS 5B7, Fairfax, VA, 22030, United States
| | - Yi-Ching Lee
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 4400 University Drive, MS 3F5, Fairfax, VA, 22030, United States
| | - Vivian Genaro Motti
- Department of Information Sciences and Technology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 4400 University Drive, MS 1G8, Fairfax, VA, 22030, United States
| | - Michelle McCombs
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC 3040 E. Cornwallis Rd, RTP, NC, 27709, United States
| | - Andrea McWilliams
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC 3040 E. Cornwallis Rd, RTP, NC, 27709, United States
| | - Jonathan Thornburg
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC 3040 E. Cornwallis Rd, RTP, NC, 27709, United States
| | - Anna Z Pollack
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 4400 University Drive, MS 5B7, Fairfax, VA, 22030, United States
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92
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Gui Z, Cai L, Zhang J, Zeng X, Lai L, Lv Y, Huang C, Chen Y. Exposure to ambient air pollution and executive function among Chinese primary schoolchildren. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 229:113583. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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93
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Manjourides J, Zimmerman E, Watkins DJ, Carpenito T, Vélez-Vega CM, Huerta-Montañez G, Rosario Z, Ayala I, Vergara C, Feric Z, Ondras M, Suh HH, Gu AZ, Brown P, Cordero JF, Meeker JD, Alshawabkeh A. Cohort profile: Center for Research on Early Childhood Exposure and Development in Puerto Rico. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e036389. [PMID: 32690520 PMCID: PMC7371225 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Puerto Rican children experience high rates of asthma and obesity. Further, infants born in Puerto Rico are more at risk for being born prematurely compared with infants on the mainland USA. Environmental exposures from multiple sources during critical periods of child development, potentially modified by psychosocial factors, may contribute to these adverse health outcomes. To date, most studies investigating the health effects of environmental factors on infant and child health have focused on single or individual exposures. PARTICIPANTS Infants currently in gestation whose mother is enrolled in Puerto Rico Testsite for Exploring Contamination Threats (PROTECT) cohort, and infants and children already born to mothers who participated in the PROTECT study. FINDINGS TO DATE Data collection and processing remains ongoing. Demographic data have been collected on 437 mother-child pairs. Birth outcomes are available for 420 infants, neurodevelopmental outcomes have been collected on 319 children. Concentrations of parabens and phenols in maternal spot urine samples have been measured from 386 mothers. Center for Research on Early Childhood Exposure and Development mothers have significantly higher urinary concentrations of dichlorophenols, triclosan and triclocarban, but lower levels of several parabens compared with reference values from a similar population drawn from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. FUTURE PLANS Data will continue to be collected through recruitment of new births with a target of 600 children. Seven scheduled follow-up visits with existing and new participants are planned. Further, our research team continues to work with healthcare providers, paediatricians and early intervention providers to support parent's ability to access early intervention services for participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Manjourides
- Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily Zimmerman
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Deborah J Watkins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Thomas Carpenito
- Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carmen M Vélez-Vega
- University of Puerto Rico Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Gredia Huerta-Montañez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zaira Rosario
- University of Puerto Rico Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Ishwara Ayala
- University of Puerto Rico Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Carlos Vergara
- University of Puerto Rico Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Zlatan Feric
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martha Ondras
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Helen H Suh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - April Z Gu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Phil Brown
- Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Social Science Environmental Health Research Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - José F Cordero
- University of Puerto Rico Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Akram Alshawabkeh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Nielsen CC, Amrhein CG, Shah PS, Stieb DM, Osornio-Vargas AR. Space-time hot spots of critically ill small for gestational age newborns and industrial air pollutants in major metropolitan areas of Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 186:109472. [PMID: 32298842 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the association of spatiotemporal hot spots of critically ill small for gestational age (ciSGA) newborns and industrial air emissions. Using neonatal admission data from the Canadian Neonatal Network between 2006 and 2010 (n = 32,836 infants), we aggregated maternal residential postal codes from nineteen census metropolitan areas (CMA) into space-time cubes and applied emerging hot spot analyses. Using National Pollutant Release Inventory data (n = 161 chemicals) and Environment Canada weather station data (n = 19 sites), we estimated monthly wind-dispersion of air emissions and calculated hot spots. We associated the patterns using logistic regression, with covariates for low socioeconomic status, NO2 pollution, and number of infants. A total of 5465 infants were identified as ciSGA and the larger CMAs had more and larger hot spots (i.e. accumulation of events in space and time). Seventy-eight industrial chemical hot spots were associated with ciSGA hot spots. The highest number of positive associations were for 28 different pollutants, which differed by CMA. Twenty-one were known or suspected developmental toxicants, such as particulate matter, carbon monoxide, heavy metals, and volatile organic compounds. Associations with hot spots of industrial chemical emissions were geographically specific and may help explain the space-time trends of ciSGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene C Nielsen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carl G Amrhein
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Prakesh S Shah
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David M Stieb
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Government of Canada, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Cushing LJ, Vavra-Musser K, Chau K, Franklin M, Johnston JE. Flaring from Unconventional Oil and Gas Development and Birth Outcomes in the Eagle Ford Shale in South Texas. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:77003. [PMID: 32673511 PMCID: PMC7362742 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies suggest exposure to oil and gas development (OGD) adversely affects birth outcomes, but no studies have examined flaring-the open combustion of natural gas-from OGD. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether residential proximity to flaring from OGD was associated with shorter gestation and reduced fetal growth in the Eagle Ford Shale of south Texas. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study using administrative birth records from 2012 to 2015 (N=23,487) and satellite observations of flaring activity during pregnancy within 5km of maternal residence. Multivariate logistic and linear regression models were used to estimate associations between four outcomes (preterm birth, small-for-gestational age, continuous gestational age, and term birthweight) and exposure to a low (1-9) or high (≥10) number of nightly flare events, as compared with no exposure, while controlling for known maternal risk factors. We also examined associations with the number of oil and gas wells within 5km using data from DrillingInfo (now Enverus). RESULTS Exposure to a high number of nightly flare events was associated with a 50% higher odds of preterm birth [odds ratio (OR)=1.50 (95% CI: 1.23, 1.83)] and shorter gestation [mean difference=-1.9 (95% CI: -2.8, -0.9) d] compared with no exposure. Effect estimates were slightly reduced after adjustment for the number of wells within 5km. In stratified models these associations were present only among Hispanic women. Flaring and fetal growth outcomes were not significantly associated. Women exposed to a high number of wells (fourth quartile, ≥27) vs. no wells within 5km had a higher odds of preterm birth [OR=1.31 (95% CI: 1.14, 1.49)], shorter gestation [-1.3 (95% CI: -1.9, -0.8) d], and lower average birthweight [-19.4 (95% CI: -36.7, -2.0) g]. DISCUSSION Our study suggests exposure to flaring from OGD is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth. Our findings need to be confirmed in other populations. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6394.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara J Cushing
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kate Vavra-Musser
- Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Khang Chau
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Meredith Franklin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jill E Johnston
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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96
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Root ED, Bailey ED, Gorham T, Browning C, Song C, Salsberry P. Geovisualization and Spatial Analysis of Infant Mortality and Preterm Birth in Ohio, 2008-2015: Opportunities to Enhance Spatial Thinking. Public Health Rep 2020; 135:472-482. [PMID: 32552459 DOI: 10.1177/0033354920927854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Geovisualization and spatial analysis are valuable tools for exploring and evaluating the complex social, economic, and environmental interactions that lead to spatial inequalities in health. The objective of this study was to describe spatial patterns of infant mortality and preterm birth in Ohio by using interactive mapping and spatial analysis. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study using Ohio vital statistics records from 2008-2015. We geocoded live births and infant deaths by using residential address at birth. We used multivariable logistic regression to adjust spatial and space-time cluster analyses that examined the geographic clustering of infant mortality and preterm birth and changes in spatial distribution over time. RESULTS The overall infant mortality rate in Ohio during the study period was 6.55 per 1000 births; of 1 097 507 births, 10.3% (n = 112 552) were preterm. We found significant geographic clustering of both infant mortality and preterm birth centered on large urban areas. However, when known demographic risk factors were taken into account, urban clusters disappeared and, for preterm birth, new rural clusters appeared. CONCLUSIONS Although many public health agencies have the capacity to create maps of health outcomes, complex spatial analysis and geovisualization techniques are still challenging for public health practitioners to use and understand. We found that actively engaging policymakers in reviewing results of the cluster analysis improved understanding of the processes driving spatial patterns of birth outcomes in the state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Dowling Root
- 2647Department of Geography, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,12306Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Emelie D Bailey
- 12306Ohio Colleges of Medicine Government Resource Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tyler Gorham
- 2650Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Chi Song
- 2647Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Pamela Salsberry
- 2647Division of Health Behavior and Health Promotion, Center for Health Outcomes, Policy, and Evaluation Studies, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Mitku AA, Zewotir T, North D, Jeena P, Asharam K, Muttoo S, Naidoo RN. The spatial modification of the non-linear effects of ambient oxides of nitrogen during pregnancy on birthweight in a South African birth cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 183:109239. [PMID: 32311905 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Birthweight is strongly associated with infant mortality and is a major determinant of infant survival. Several factors such as maternal, environmental, clinical, and social factors influence birthweight, and these vary geographically, including across low, middle, and economically advanced countries. The aim of the study was to investigate the geographical modification of the effect of oxides of nitrogen exposure on birthweight adjusted for clinical and socio-demographic factors. Data for the study was obtained from the Mother and Child in the Environment birth cohort study in Durban, South Africa. Pregnant females were selected from public sector antenatal clinics in low socioeconomic neighborhoods. Land use regression models were used to determine household level antenatal exposure to oxides of nitrogen (NOx). Six hundred and seventy-seven births were analysed, using the geoadditive model with Gaussian distribution and identity link function. The newborns in the cohort had a mean birthweight of 3106.5 g (standard deviation (SD): 538.2 g and the maternal mean age was 26.1 years (SD: 5.7). A spatially modified NOx exposure-related effect on birthweight was found across two geographic regions in Durban. Prenatal exposure to NOx was also found to have a non-linear effect on the birthweight of infants. The study suggested that incorporating spatial variability is important to understand and design appropriate policies to reduce air pollution in order to prevent risks associated with birthweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aweke A Mitku
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, College of Agriculture Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Statistics, College Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
| | - Temesgen Zewotir
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, College of Agriculture Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Delia North
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, College of Agriculture Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Prakash Jeena
- Discipline of Paediatric and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kareshma Asharam
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sheena Muttoo
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Rajen N Naidoo
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Ark TK, Kesselring S, Hills B, McGrail KM. Population Data BC: Supporting population data science in British Columbia. Int J Popul Data Sci 2020; 4:1133. [PMID: 32935036 PMCID: PMC7480325 DOI: 10.23889/ijpds.v5i1.1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Population Data BC (PopData) was established as a multi-university data and education resource to support training and education, data linkage, and access to individual level, de-identified data for research in a wide variety of areas including human and community development and well-being. Approach A combination of deterministic and probabilistic linkage is conducted based on the quality and availability of identifiers for data linkage. PopData utilizes a harmonized data request and approval process for data stewards and researchers to increase efficiency and ease of access to linked data. Researchers access linked data through a secure research environment (SRE) that is equipped with a wide variety of tools for analysis. The SRE also allows for ongoing management and control of data. PopData continues to expand its data holdings and to evolve its services as well as governance and data access process. Discussion PopData has provided efficient and cost-effective access to linked data sets for research. After two decades of learning, future planned developments for the organization include, but are not limited to, policies to facilitate programs of research, access to reusable datasets, evaluation and use of new data linkage techniques such as privacy preserving record linkage (PPRL). Conclusion PopData continues to maintain and grow the number and type of data holdings available for research. Its existing models support a number of large-scale research projects and demonstrate the benefits of having a third-party data linkage and provisioning center for research purposes. Building further connections with existing data holders and governing bodies will be important to ensure ongoing access to data and changes in policy exist to facilitate access for researchers
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Ark
- Population Data BC, School of Population and Public Health, UBC, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3
| | - S Kesselring
- Population Data BC, School of Population and Public Health, UBC, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3
| | - B Hills
- Population Data BC, School of Population and Public Health, UBC, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3
| | - K M McGrail
- Population Data BC, School of Population and Public Health, UBC, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3.,Centre for Health Services and Policy Research, School of Population and Public Health, UBC, Vancouver BC, V6T 1Z3
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Fabisiak JP, Jackson EM, Brink LL, Presto AA. A risk-based model to assess environmental justice and coronary heart disease burden from traffic-related air pollutants. Environ Health 2020; 19:34. [PMID: 32178683 PMCID: PMC7075037 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00584-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Communities need to efficiently estimate the burden from specific pollutants and identify those most at risk to make timely informed policy decisions. We developed a risk-based model to estimate the burden of black carbon (BC) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on coronary heart disease (CHD) across environmental justice (EJ) and non-EJ populations in Allegheny County, PA. METHODS Exposure estimates in census tracts were modeled via land use regression and analyzed in relation to US Census data. Tracts were ranked into quartiles of exposure (Q1-Q4). A risk-based model for estimating the CHD burden attributed to BC and NO2 was developed using county health statistics, census tract level exposure estimates, and quantitative effect estimates available in the literature. RESULTS For both pollutants, the relative occurrence of EJ tracts (> 20% poverty and/or > 30% non-white minority) in Q2 - Q4 compared to Q1 progressively increased and reached a maximum in Q4. EJ tracts were 4 to 25 times more likely to be in the highest quartile of exposure compared to the lowest quartile for BC and NO2, respectively. Pollutant-specific risk values (mean [95% CI]) for CHD mortality were higher in EJ tracts (5.49 × 10- 5 [5.05 × 10- 5 - 5.92 × 10- 5]; 5.72 × 10- 5 [5.44 × 10- 5 - 6.01 × 10- 5] for BC and NO2, respectively) compared to non-EJ tracts (3.94 × 10- 5 [3.66 × 10- 5 - 4.23 × 10- 5]; 3.49 × 10- 5 [3.27 × 10- 5 - 3.70 × 10- 5] for BC and NO2, respectively). While EJ tracts represented 28% of the county population, they accounted for about 40% of the CHD mortality attributed to each pollutant. EJ tracts are disproportionately skewed toward areas of high exposure and EJ residents bear a greater risk for air pollution-related disease compared to other county residents. CONCLUSIONS We have combined a risk-based model with spatially resolved long-term exposure estimates to predict CHD burden from air pollution at the census tract level. It provides quantitative estimates of effects that can be used to assess possible health disparities, track temporal changes, and inform timely local community policy decisions. Such an approach can be further expanded to include other pollutants and adverse health endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Fabisiak
- Center for Healthy Environments & Communities, Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, PUBHL-4132, 130 DeSoto Street Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Erica M Jackson
- Center for Healthy Environments & Communities, Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, PUBHL-4132, 130 DeSoto Street Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - LuAnn L Brink
- Allegheny County Health Department, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Albert A Presto
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Garshol BF, Aamodt G, Madsen C, Vatn MH, Bengtson MB. The effect of nitrogen dioxide on low birth weight in women with inflammatory bowel disease: a Norwegian pregnancy cohort study (MoBa). Scand J Gastroenterol 2020; 55:272-278. [PMID: 32064969 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2020.1726446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Adverse birth outcomes are more frequent among mothers with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) than non-IBD mothers. In recent studies, air pollution, such as high concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), is reckoned as a risk factor for preterm birth in the general population. In this study, we investigated whether IBD mothers are at higher risk of preterm birth when exposed to NO2 compared to non-IBD mothers.Methods: We used information from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). The pregnancy cohort was linked to the Norwegian Medical Birth Registry and air-pollution exposure data available from a subset of the study cohort. The relevant outcome in this study was preterm birth. A total of 16,170 non-IBD and 92 IBD mothers were included in the study.Results: The mean exposure of NO2 during the pregnancy was similar for IBD and non-IBD mothers, 13.7 (6.9) μg/m3 and 13.6 (4.2) μg/m3, respectively.IBD mothers with higher exposure of NO2 in the second and third trimester were at significant risk of preterm birth compared to non-IBD mothers [OR = 1.28 (CI 95%: 1.04-1.59) and OR = 1.23 (95% CI: 1.06-1.43), respectively]. The mean NO2 exposure was significantly higher in IBD mothers with preterm birth than in IBD mothers who delivered at term, at 19.58 (1.57) μg/m3 and 12.89 (6.37) μg/m3, respectively.Conclusions: NO2 exposure influenced the risk of preterm birth in IBD mothers. Higher risk of preterm birth in IBD was associated with higher exposure of NO2, suggesting vulnerability of preterm birth in IBD when exposed to NO2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geir Aamodt
- Department of Public Health Science, LANDSAM, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Christian Madsen
- Department of Health & Inequality, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten Harald Vatn
- EpiGen Institute, Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - May-Bente Bengtson
- EpiGen Institute, Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Medical Department, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
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