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Bonds JA, Shetti A, Bheri A, Chen Z, Disouky A, Tai L, Mao M, Head BP, Bonini MG, Haus JM, Minshall RD, Lazarov O. Depletion of Caveolin-1 in Type 2 Diabetes Model Induces Alzheimer's Disease Pathology Precursors. J Neurosci 2019; 39:8576-8583. [PMID: 31527120 PMCID: PMC6807274 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0730-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for the development of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanism underlying the development of late-onset AD is largely unknown. Here we show that levels of the endothelial-enriched protein caveolin-1 (Cav-1) are reduced in the brains of T2DM patients compared with healthy aging, and inversely correlated with levels of β-amyloid (Aβ). Depletion of Cav-1 is recapitulated in the brains of db/db (Leprdb ) diabetic mice and corresponds with recognition memory deficits as well as the upregulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), BACE-1, a trending increase in β-amyloid Aβ42/40 ratio and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) species. Importantly, we show that restoration of Cav-1 levels in the brains of male db/db mice using adenovirus overexpressing Cav-1 (AAV-Cav-1) rescues learning and memory deficits and reduces pathology (i.e., APP, BACE-1 and p-tau levels). Knocking down Cav-1 using shRNA in HEK cells expressing the familial AD-linked APPswe mutant variant upregulates APP, APP carboxyl terminal fragments, and Aβ levels. In turn, rescue of Cav-1 levels restores APP metabolism. Together, these results suggest that Cav-1 regulates APP metabolism, and that depletion of Cav-1 in T2DM promotes the amyloidogenic processing of APP and hyperphosphorylation of tau. This may suggest that depletion of Cav-1 in T2DM underlies, at least in part, the development of AD and imply that restoration of Cav-1 may be a therapeutic target for diabetic-associated sporadic AD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT More than 95% of the Alzheimer's patients have the sporadic late-onset form (LOAD). The cause for late-onset Alzheimer's disease is unknown. Patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus have considerably higher incidence of cognitive decline and AD compared with the general population, suggesting a common mechanism. Here we show that the expression of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is reduced in the brain in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. In turn, reduced Cav-1 levels induce AD-associated neuropathology and learning and memory deficits. Restoration of Cav-1 levels rescues these deficits. This study unravels signals underlying LOAD and suggests that restoration of Cav-1 may be an effective therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Leon Tai
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology
| | | | - Brian P Head
- Veteran Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92161
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California 92103
| | - Marcelo G Bonini
- Departments of Medicine and Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Jacob M Haus
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Richard D Minshall
- Anesthesiology,
- Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
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52
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Neurodegeneration and Neuro-Regeneration-Alzheimer's Disease and Stem Cell Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174272. [PMID: 31480448 PMCID: PMC6747457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging causes many changes in the human body, and is a high risk for various diseases. Dementia, a common age-related disease, is a clinical disorder triggered by neurodegeneration. Brain damage caused by neuronal death leads to cognitive decline, memory loss, learning inabilities and mood changes. Numerous disease conditions may cause dementia; however, the most common one is Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a futile and yet untreatable illness. Adult neurogenesis carries the potential of brain self-repair by an endogenous formation of newly-born neurons in the adult brain; however it also declines with age. Strategies to improve the symptoms of aging and age-related diseases have included different means to stimulate neurogenesis, both pharmacologically and naturally. Finally, the regulatory mechanisms of stem cells neurogenesis or a functional integration of newborn neurons have been explored to provide the basis for grafted stem cell therapy. This review aims to provide an overview of AD pathology of different neural and glial cell types and summarizes current strategies of experimental stem cell treatments and their putative future use in clinical settings.
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53
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Wiest I, Wiemers T, Kraus MJ, Neeb H, Strasser EF, Hausner L, Frölich L, Bugert P. Multivariate Platelet Analysis Differentiates Between Patients with Alzheimer's Disease and Healthy Controls at First Clinical Diagnosis. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 71:993-1004. [PMID: 31450503 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is challenging, and easily accessible biomarkers are an unmet need. Blood platelets frequently serve as peripheral model for studying AD pathogenesis and might represent a reasonable biomarker source. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we investigated the potential to differentiate AD patients from healthy controls (HC) based on blood count, platelet morphology, and function as well as molecular markers at the time of first clinical diagnosis. METHODS Blood samples from 40 AD patients and 29 age-matched HC were included for determination of 78 parameter by blood counting, platelet morphometry, aggregometry, flow cytometry (CD62P, CD63, activated fibrinogen receptor), protein quantification of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 (nAChRα7) and caveolin-1 (CAV-1), and miRNA quantification (miR-26b, miR-199a, miR-335). Group comparison between patients and controls was performed in univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. RESULTS AD patients showed significantly lower aggregation response to ADP and arachidonic acid and significantly decreased CD62P and CD63 surface expression induced by ADP and U46619 compared to HC. Relative nAChRα7 and CAV-1 expression was significantly higher AD platelets than in HC. Multivariate analysis of 63 parameter revealed significant differences between AD patients and healthy controls. The best performing feature model revealed a sensitivity of 96.6%, a specificity of 80.0%, and a positive predictive value of 89.3%. No grouping could be achieved by using single parameter groups. CONCLUSION Significant differences between platelet characteristics from AD patients and HC at the time of first clinical diagnosis were observed. The best performing parameter can be used as a blood-based biomarker for AD diagnosis in a multivariate model in addition to the standardized mental tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Wiest
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, German Red Cross Blood Service of Baden-Württemberg - Hessen gGmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tim Wiemers
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, German Red Cross Blood Service of Baden-Württemberg - Hessen gGmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Max-Joseph Kraus
- Geiselgasteig Ambulance Gruenwald, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Medical Engineering and Information Processing, University of Koblenz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heiko Neeb
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Information Processing, University of Koblenz, Mainz, Germany.,Multimodal Imaging Physics Group, University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Erwin F Strasser
- Department of Transfusion and Hemostaseology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lucrezia Hausner
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute for Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lutz Frölich
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute for Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Bugert
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, German Red Cross Blood Service of Baden-Württemberg - Hessen gGmbH, Mannheim, Germany
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54
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Wang S, Zhang Z, Almenar-Queralt A, Leem J, DerMardirossian C, Roth DM, Patel PM, Patel HH, Head BP. Caveolin-1 Phosphorylation Is Essential for Axonal Growth of Human Neurons Derived From iPSCs. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:324. [PMID: 31379509 PMCID: PMC6650578 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper axonal growth and guidance is essential for neuron differentiation and development. Abnormal neuronal development due to genetic or epigenetic influences can contribute to neurological and mental disorders such as Down syndrome, Rett syndrome, and autism. Identification of the molecular targets that promote proper neuronal growth and differentiation may restore structural and functional neuroplasticity, thus improving functional performance in neurodevelopmental disorders. Using differentiated human neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), the present study demonstrates that during early stage differentiation of human NPCs, neuron-targeted overexpression constitutively active Rac1 (Rac1CA) and constitutively active Cdc42 (Cdc42CA) enhance expression of P-Cav-1, T-Cav-1, and P-cofilin and increases axonal growth. Similarly, neuron-targeted over-expression of Cav-1 (termed SynCav1) increases axonal development by increasing both axon length and volume. Moreover, inhibition of Cav-1(Y14A) phosphorylation blunts Rac1/Cdc42-mediated both axonal growth and differentiation of human NPCs and SynCav1(Y14A)-treated NPCs exhibited blunted axonal growth. These results suggest that: (1) SynCav1-mediated dendritic and axonal growth in human NPCs is dependent upon P-Cav-1, (2) P-Cav-1 is necessary for proper axonal growth during early stages of neuronal differentiation, and (3) Rac1/Cdc42CA-mediated neuronal growth is in part dependent upon P-Cav-1. In conclusion, Cav-1 phosphorylation is essential for human neuronal axonal growth during early stages of neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Angels Almenar-Queralt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Joseph Leem
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Celine DerMardirossian
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - David M Roth
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Piyush M Patel
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Hemal H Patel
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Brian P Head
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Zhai Y, Xu J, Feng L, Liu Q, Yao W, Li H, Cao Y, Cheng F, Bao B, Zhang L. Broad range metabolomics coupled with network analysis for explaining possible mechanisms of Er-Zhi-Wan in treating liver-kidney Yin deficiency syndrome of Traditional Chinese medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 234:57-66. [PMID: 30690072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Er-Zhi-Wan (EZW), a famous traditional Chinese formulation, is used to prevent, or to treat, various liver and kidney diseases for its actions of replenishing liver and kidney. However, the mechanisms of treating Liver-kidney Yin deficiency syndrome (LKYDS) of EZW have not been comprehensively investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, a broad range metabolomics strategy coupled with network analysis was established to investigate possible mechanisms of EZW in treating LKYDS. MATERIALS AND METHOD The rat models of LKYDS were established using the mixture of thyroxine and reserpine, and the changes of biochemical indices in serum and histopathology were detected to explore the effects of EZW. Next, a broad range metabolomics strategy based on RPLC-Q-TOF/MS and HILIC-Q-TOF/MS has been developed to find the possible significant metabolites in the serum and urine of LKYDS rats. Then, network analysis was applied to visualize the relationships between identified serum and urine metabolites and in detail to find hub metabolites, which might be responsible for the effect of EZW on rats of LKYDS. Furthermore, the shortest path of "disease gene-pathway protein-metabolite" was built to investigate the possible intervention path of EZW from the systematic perspective. RESULTS Five hub metabolites, namely, arachidonic acid, L-arginine, testosterone, taurine and oxoglutaric acid, were screened out and could be adjusted to recover by EZW. After that, the shortest path starting from disease genes and ending in metabolites were identified and disclosed, and the genes of aging such as CAV1 and ACO1 were selected to explain the pathological mechanism of LKYDS. CONCLUSION Broad range metabolomics coupled with network analysis could provide another perspective on systematically investigating the molecular mechanism of EZW in treating LKYDS at metabolomics level. In addition, EZW might prevent the pathological process of LKYDS through regulating the disturbed metabolic pathway and the aging genes such as CAV1 and ACO1, which may be potential targets for EZW in the treatment of LKYDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhai
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jia Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Li Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Qinan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Weifeng Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hui Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yudan Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Fangfang Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Beihua Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Gonzalez Porras MA, Fogarty MJ, Gransee HM, Sieck GC, Mantilla CB. Frequency-dependent lipid raft uptake at rat diaphragm muscle axon terminals. Muscle Nerve 2019; 59:611-618. [PMID: 30677149 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In motor neurons, cholera toxin B (CTB) binds to the cell-surface ganglioside GM1 and is internalized and transported via structurally unique components of plasma membranes (lipid rafts). METHODS Lipid raft uptake by axon terminals adjoining type-identified rat diaphragm muscle fibers was investigated using CTB and confocal imaging. RESULTS Lipid raft uptake increased significantly at higher frequency stimulation (80 Hz), compared with lower frequency (20 Hz) and unstimulated (0 Hz) conditions. The fraction of axon terminal occupied by CTB was ∼45% at 0- or 20-Hz stimulation, and increased to ∼65% at 80 Hz. Total CTB fluorescence intensity also increased (∼20%) after 80-Hz stimulation compared with 0 Hz. DISCUSSION Evidence of increased lipid raft uptake at high stimulation frequencies supports an important role for lipid raft signaling at rat diaphragm muscle axon terminals, primarily for motor units physiologically activated at the higher frequencies. Muscle Nerve 59:611-611, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew J Fogarty
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Heather M Gransee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gary C Sieck
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Carlos B Mantilla
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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57
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Piluso G, Monteleone P, Galderisi S, Giugliano T, Bertolino A, Rocca P, Rossi A, Mucci A, Aguglia E, Andriola I, Bellomo A, Comparelli A, Gambi F, Fagiolini A, Marchesi C, Roncone R, Sacchetti E, Santonastaso P, Siracusano A, Stratta P, Tortorella A, Steardo L, Bucci P, Nigro V, Maj M. Assessment of de novo copy-number variations in Italian patients with schizophrenia: Detection of putative mutations involving regulatory enhancer elements. World J Biol Psychiatry 2019; 20:126-136. [PMID: 29069978 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2017.1395072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Variants appearing de novo in genes regulating key neurodevelopmental processes and/or in non-coding cis-regulatory elements (CREs), as enhancers, may increase the risk for schizophrenia. However, CREs involvement in schizophrenia needs to be explored more deeply. METHODS We investigated de novo copy-number variations (CNVs) in the whole-genomic DNA obtained from 46 family trios of schizophrenia probands by using the Enhancer Chip, a customised array CGH able to investigate the whole genome with a 300-kb resolution, specific disease loci at a ten-fold higher resolution, and which was highly enriched in probes in more than 1,250 enhancer elements selected from Vista Enhancer Browser. RESULTS In seven patients, we found de novo CNVs, two of which overlapped VISTA enhancer elements. De novo CNVs encompass genes (CNTNAP2, MAGI1, TSPAN7 and MET) involved in brain development, while that involving the enhancer element hs1043, also includes ZIC1, which plays a role in neural development and is responsible of behavioural abnormalities in Zic mutant mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide further evidence for the involvement of de novo CNVs in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and suggest that CNVs affecting regulatory enhancer elements could contribute to the genetic vulnerability to the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Piluso
- a Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology , University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Naples , Italy
| | - Palmiero Monteleone
- b Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Section of Neuroscience , University of Salerno , Salerno , Italy
| | - Silvana Galderisi
- c Department of Psychiatry , University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Naples , Italy
| | - Teresa Giugliano
- a Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology , University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Naples , Italy
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- d Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences , University of Bari , Bari , Italy
| | - Paola Rocca
- e Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry , University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - Alessandro Rossi
- f Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Section of Psychiatry , University of L'Aquila , L'Aquila , Italy
| | - Armida Mucci
- c Department of Psychiatry , University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Naples , Italy
| | - Eugenio Aguglia
- g Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Psychiatry Unit , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Ileana Andriola
- d Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences , University of Bari , Bari , Italy
| | - Antonello Bellomo
- h Department of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry Unit , University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy
| | - Anna Comparelli
- i Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs , S. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Francesco Gambi
- j Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, Chair of Psychiatry , G. D'Annunzio University , Chieti , Italy
| | - Andrea Fagiolini
- k Department of Molecular Medicine and Clinical Department of Mental Health , University of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Carlo Marchesi
- l Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry Unit , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Rita Roncone
- m Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Unit of Psychiatry , University of L'Aquila , L'Aquila , Italy
| | - Emilio Sacchetti
- n Psychiatric Unit, School of Medicine, Department of Mental Health , University of Brescia and Spedali Civili Hospital , Brescia , Italy
| | - Paolo Santonastaso
- o Psychiatric Clinic, Department of Neurosciences , University of Padua , Padua , Italy
| | - Alberto Siracusano
- p Department of Systems Medicine, Chair of Psychiatry , Tor Vergata University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Paolo Stratta
- f Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Section of Psychiatry , University of L'Aquila , L'Aquila , Italy
| | | | - Luca Steardo
- c Department of Psychiatry , University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Naples , Italy
| | - Paola Bucci
- c Department of Psychiatry , University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Naples , Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nigro
- a Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology , University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Naples , Italy
| | - Mario Maj
- c Department of Psychiatry , University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Naples , Italy
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Nam SM, Seo M, Seo JS, Rhim H, Nahm SS, Cho IH, Chang BJ, Kim HJ, Choi SH, Nah SY. Ascorbic Acid Mitigates D-galactose-Induced Brain Aging by Increasing Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Improving Memory Function. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11010176. [PMID: 30650605 PMCID: PMC6356429 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid is essential for normal brain development and homeostasis. However, the effect of ascorbic acid on adult brain aging has not been determined. Long-term treatment with high levels of D-galactose (D-gal) induces brain aging by accumulated oxidative stress. In the present study, mice were subcutaneously administered with D-gal (150 mg/kg/day) for 10 weeks; from the seventh week, ascorbic acid (150 mg/kg/day) was orally co-administered for four weeks. Although D-gal administration alone reduced hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive functions, co-treatment of ascorbic acid with D-gal effectively prevented D-gal-induced reduced hippocampal neurogenesis through improved cellular proliferation, neuronal differentiation, and neuronal maturation. Long-term D-gal treatment also reduced expression levels of synaptic plasticity-related markers, i.e., synaptophysin and phosphorylated Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, while ascorbic acid prevented the reduction in the hippocampus. Furthermore, ascorbic acid ameliorated D-gal-induced downregulation of superoxide dismutase 1 and 2, sirtuin1, caveolin-1, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor and upregulation of interleukin 1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha in the hippocampus. Ascorbic acid-mediated hippocampal restoration from D-gal-induced impairment was associated with an enhanced hippocampus-dependent memory function. Therefore, ascorbic acid ameliorates D-gal-induced impairments through anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, and it could be an effective dietary supplement against adult brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Min Nam
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Misun Seo
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea.
| | - Jin-Seok Seo
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea.
| | - Sang-Soep Nahm
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
- Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Byung-Joon Chang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Hyeon-Joong Kim
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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Tonn Eisinger KR, Woolfrey KM, Swanson SP, Schnell SA, Meitzen J, Dell'Acqua M, Mermelstein PG. Palmitoylation of caveolin-1 is regulated by the same DHHC acyltransferases that modify steroid hormone receptors. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:15901-15911. [PMID: 30158247 PMCID: PMC6187622 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitoylation is a reversible post-translational addition of a 16-carbon lipid chain involved in trafficking and compartmentalizing target proteins. It is important for many cellular functions, including signaling via membrane-localized estrogen receptors (ERs). Within the nervous system, palmitoylation of ERα is necessary for membrane surface localization and mediation of downstream signaling through the activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). Substitution of the single palmitoylation site on ERα prevents its physical association with the integral membrane protein caveolin-1 (CAV1), required for the formation of the ER/mGluR signaling complex. Interestingly, siRNA knockdown of either of two palmitoyl acyltransferases, zinc finger DHHC type-containing 7 (DHHC7) or DHHC21, also eliminates this signaling mechanism. Because ERα has only one palmitoylation site, we hypothesized that one of these DHHCs palmitoylates CAV1. We investigated this possibility by using an acyl-biotin exchange assay in HEK293 cells in conjunction with DHHC overexpression and found that DHHC7 increases CAV1 palmitoylation. Substitution of the palmitoylation sites on CAV1 eliminated this effect but did not disrupt the ability of the DHHC enzyme to associate with CAV1. In contrast, siRNA-mediated knockdown of DHHC7 alone was not sufficient to decrease CAV1 palmitoylation but rather required simultaneous knockdown of DHHC21. These findings provide additional information about the overall influence of palmitoylation on the membrane-initiated estrogen signaling pathway and highlight the importance of considering the influence of palmitoylation on other CAV1-dependent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Tonn Eisinger
- From the Department of Neuroscience and
- the Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Kevin M Woolfrey
- the Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, and
| | | | | | - John Meitzen
- the Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Mark Dell'Acqua
- the Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, and
| | - Paul G Mermelstein
- From the Department of Neuroscience and
- the Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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60
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Abstract
The plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells is not a simple sheet of lipids and proteins but is differentiated into subdomains with crucial functions. Caveolae, small pits in the plasma membrane, are the most abundant surface subdomains of many mammalian cells. The cellular functions of caveolae have long remained obscure, but a new molecular understanding of caveola formation has led to insights into their workings. Caveolae are formed by the coordinated action of a number of lipid-interacting proteins to produce a microdomain with a specific structure and lipid composition. Caveolae can bud from the plasma membrane to form an endocytic vesicle or can flatten into the membrane to help cells withstand mechanical stress. The role of caveolae as mechanoprotective and signal transduction elements is reviewed in the context of disease conditions associated with caveola dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G. Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4060, Australia
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61
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Reagan AM, Gu X, Paudel S, Ashpole NM, Zalles M, Sonntag WE, Ungvari Z, Csiszar A, Otalora L, Freeman WM, Stout MB, Elliott MH. Age-related focal loss of contractile vascular smooth muscle cells in retinal arterioles is accelerated by caveolin-1 deficiency. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 71:1-12. [PMID: 30059797 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral microcirculation is critical for the preservation of brain health, and vascular impairment is associated with age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Because the retina is a component of the central nervous system, cellular changes that occur in the aging retina are likely relevant to the aging brain, and the retina provides the advantage that the entire vascular bed is visible, en face. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that normal, healthy aging alters the contractile vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) coverage of retinal arterioles. We found that aging results in a significant reduction of contractile VSMCs in focal patches along arterioles. Focal loss of contractile VSMCs occurs at a younger age in mice deficient in the senescence-associated protein, caveolin-1. Age-related contractile VSMC loss is not exacerbated by genetic depletion of insulin-like growth factor-1. The patchy loss of contractile VSMCs provides a cellular explanation for previous clinical studies showing focal microirregularities in retinal arteriolar responsiveness in healthy aged human subjects and is likely to contribute to age-related retinal vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaina M Reagan
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Xiaowu Gu
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sijalu Paudel
- Department of Cell Biology, Cameron University, Lawton, OK, USA
| | - Nicole M Ashpole
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Michelle Zalles
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - William E Sonntag
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging & Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Biology of Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging & Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Biology of Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging & Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Biology of Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Laura Otalora
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging & Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Biology of Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Willard M Freeman
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging & Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Biology of Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michael B Stout
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma city, OK, USA
| | - Michael H Elliott
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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62
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Díaz M, Fabelo N, Ferrer I, Marín R. “Lipid raft aging” in the human frontal cortex during nonpathological aging: gender influences and potential implications in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 67:42-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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63
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Vinatier C, Domínguez E, Guicheux J, Caramés B. Role of the Inflammation-Autophagy-Senescence Integrative Network in Osteoarthritis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:706. [PMID: 29988615 PMCID: PMC6026810 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most common musculoskeletal disease causing chronic disability in adults. Studying cartilage aging, chondrocyte senescence, inflammation, and autophagy mechanisms have identified promising targets and pathways with clinical translatability potential. In this review, we highlight the most recent mechanistic and therapeutic preclinical models of aging with particular relevance in the context of articular cartilage and OA. Evidence supporting the role of metabolism, nuclear receptors and transcription factors, cell senescence, and circadian rhythms in the development of musculoskeletal system degeneration assure further translational efforts. This information might be useful not only to propose hypothesis and advanced models to study the molecular mechanisms underlying joint degeneration, but also to translate our knowledge into novel disease-modifying therapies for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Vinatier
- INSERM, UMR 1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, University of Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France.,University of Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France
| | - Eduardo Domínguez
- Biofarma Research Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jerome Guicheux
- INSERM, UMR 1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, University of Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France.,University of Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, PHU4 OTONN, Nantes, France
| | - Beatriz Caramés
- Grupo de Biología del Cartílago, Servicio de Reumatología. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, Sergas, A Coruña, Spain
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64
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Wu J, Zhou SL, Pi LH, Shi XJ, Ma LR, Chen Z, Qu ML, Li X, Nie SD, Liao DF, Pei JJ, Wang S. High glucose induces formation of tau hyperphosphorylation via Cav-1-mTOR pathway: A potential molecular mechanism for diabetes-induced cognitive dysfunction. Oncotarget 2018; 8:40843-40856. [PMID: 28489581 PMCID: PMC5522306 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau is thought to be implicated in diabetes-associated cognitive deficits. The role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) / S6 kinase (S6K) signalling in the formation of tau hyperphosphorylation has been previously studied. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), the essential structure protein of caveolae, promotes neuronal survival and growth, and inhibits glucose metabolism. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of Cav-1 in the formation of tau hyperphosphorylation under chronic hyperglycemic condition (HGC). Diabetic rats were induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Primary hippocampal neurons with or without molecular intervention such as the transient over-expression or knock-down were subjected to HGC. The obtained experimental samples were analyzed by real time quantitative RT-PCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence or immunohistochemisty. We found: 1) that a chronic HGC directly decreases Cav-1 expression, increases tau phosphorylation and activates mTOR/S6K signalling in the brain neurons of diabetic rats, 2) that overexpression of Cav-1 attenuates tau hyperphosphorylation induced by chronic HGC in primary hippocampal neurons, whereas down-regulation of Cav-1 using Cav-1 siRNA dramatically worsens tau hyperphosphorylation via mTOR/S6K signalling pathway, and 3) that the down-regulation of Cav-1 induced by HGC is independent of mTOR signalling. Our results suggest that tau hyperphosphorylation and the sustained over-activated mTOR signalling under hyperglycemia may be due to the suppression of Cav-1. Therefore, Cav-1 is a potential therapeutic target for diabetes-induced cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shan-Lei Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin-Hua Pi
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xia-Jie Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling-Ran Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min-Li Qu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sheng-Dan Nie
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, People's Hospital of Hunan province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Duan-Fang Liao
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jin-Jing Pei
- KI-Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China.,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
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65
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Yang C, DeMars KM, Candelario-Jalil E. Age-Dependent Decrease in Adropin is Associated with Reduced Levels of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase and Increased Oxidative Stress in the Rat Brain. Aging Dis 2018; 9:322-330. [PMID: 29896421 PMCID: PMC5963353 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Adropin is a peptide highly expressed in the brain. Emerging evidence indicates that low plasma levels of adropin are closely associated with aging and endothelial dysfunction. We hypothesized that aging reduces adropin levels in the brain, which correlates with reduced endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and increased oxidative stress associated with age-related endothelial dysfunction. Cortical brain tissue and plasma were collected from young (10-12 weeks old) and aged (18-20 months old) male Sprague-Dawley naïve rats. Using RT-qPCR, we quantified the mRNA levels of the energy homeostasis associated (Enho) gene encoding for adropin. Western blotting was utilized to measure adropin and markers of endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the brain tissue. Levels of adropin in plasma were measured using an ELISA kit. Compared to young rats, both Enho mRNA and protein levels were dramatically reduced in the aged rat brain, which was accompanied by a significant reduction in plasma adropin levels in aged compared to young rats. Additionally, total and phosphorylated levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were significantly decreased in aged rat brains and were associated with dramatically increased gp91phox-containing NADPH oxidase (a major source of free radicals) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a lipid peroxidation marker. Brain levels of Akt and caveolin-1 were significantly reduced in aged rats compared with young animals. Collectively, these findings indicate that adropin levels negatively correlate with markers of endothelial dysfunction and oxidative injury, which raises the possibility that loss of brain adropin might play a role in the pathogenesis and development of aging-associated cerebrovascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kelly M DeMars
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Eduardo Candelario-Jalil
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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66
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Chen Z, D S Oliveira S, Zimnicka AM, Jiang Y, Sharma T, Chen S, Lazarov O, Bonini MG, Haus JM, Minshall RD. Reciprocal regulation of eNOS and caveolin-1 functions in endothelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:1190-1202. [PMID: 29563255 PMCID: PMC5935069 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-01-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that the maintenance of vascular homeostasis is critically dependent on the expression and reciprocal regulation of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in endothelial cells (ECs). Skeletal muscle biopsies from subjects with type 2 diabetes showed 50% less Cav-1 and eNOS than those from lean healthy controls. The Cav-1:eNOS expression ratio was 200:1 in primary culture human ECs. Cav-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced eNOS protein and gene expression in association with a twofold increase in eNOS phosphorylation and nitrate production per molecule of eNOS, which was reversed in cells overexpressing Adv-Cav-1-GFP. Upon addition of the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 to activate eNOS, we observed eNOS Ser1177 phosphorylation, its translocation to β-catenin-positive cell–cell junctions, and increased colocalization of eNOS and Cav-1 within 5 min. We also observed Cav-1 S-nitrosylation and destabilization of Cav-1 oligomers in cells treated with A23187 as well as insulin or albumin, and this could be blocked by L-NAME, PP2, or eNOS siRNA. Finally, caveola-mediated endocytosis of albumin or insulin was reduced by Cav-1 or eNOS siRNA, and the effect of Cav-1 siRNA was rescued by Adv-Cav-1-GFP. Thus, Cav-1 stabilizes eNOS expression and regulates its activity, whereas eNOS-derived NO promotes caveola-mediated endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlong Chen
- Departments of aAnesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Suellen D S Oliveira
- Departments of aAnesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | | | - Ying Jiang
- Departments of aAnesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Tiffany Sharma
- Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Stone Chen
- Whitney M. Young Magnet High School, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Orly Lazarov
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | | | - Jacob M Haus
- Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Richard D Minshall
- Departments of aAnesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612.,Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
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67
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Kerepesi C, Daróczy B, Sturm Á, Vellai T, Benczúr A. Prediction and characterization of human ageing-related proteins by using machine learning. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4094. [PMID: 29511309 PMCID: PMC5840292 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22240-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing has a huge impact on human health and economy, but its molecular basis - regulation and mechanism - is still poorly understood. By today, more than three hundred genes (almost all of them function as protein-coding genes) have been related to human ageing. Although individual ageing-related genes or some small subsets of these genes have been intensively studied, their analysis as a whole has been highly limited. To fill this gap, for each human protein we extracted 21000 protein features from various databases, and using these data as an input to state-of-the-art machine learning methods, we classified human proteins as ageing-related or non-ageing-related. We found a simple classification model based on only 36 protein features, such as the "number of ageing-related interaction partners", "response to oxidative stress", "damaged DNA binding", "rhythmic process" and "extracellular region". Predicted values of the model quantify the relevance of a given protein in the regulation or mechanisms of the human ageing process. Furthermore, we identified new candidate proteins having strong computational evidence of their important role in ageing. Some of them, like Cytochrome b-245 light chain (CY24A) and Endoribonuclease ZC3H12A (ZC12A) have no previous ageing-associated annotations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Kerepesi
- Institute for Computer Science and Control (MTA SZTAKI), Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Bálint Daróczy
- Institute for Computer Science and Control (MTA SZTAKI), Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Sturm
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-ELTE Genetics Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Vellai
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-ELTE Genetics Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Benczúr
- Institute for Computer Science and Control (MTA SZTAKI), Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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68
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Schilling JM, Head BP, Patel HH. Caveolins as Regulators of Stress Adaptation. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 93:277-285. [PMID: 29358220 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.111237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolins have been recognized over the past few decades as key regulators of cell physiology. They are ubiquitously expressed and regulate a number of processes that ultimately impact efficiency of cellular processes. Though not critical to life, they are central to stress adaptation in a number of organs. The following review will focus specifically on the role of caveolin in stress adaptation in the heart, brain, and eye, three organs that are susceptible to acute and chronic stress and that show as well declining function with age. In addition, we consider some novel molecular mechanisms that may account for this stress adaptation and also offer potential to drive the future of caveolin research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Schilling
- Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Anesthesiology, UCSD School of Medicine, San Diego, California
| | - Brian P Head
- Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Anesthesiology, UCSD School of Medicine, San Diego, California
| | - Hemal H Patel
- Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Anesthesiology, UCSD School of Medicine, San Diego, California
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69
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Sun J, Zhang X, Wang C, Teng Z, Li Y. Curcumin Decreases Hyperphosphorylation of Tau by Down-Regulating Caveolin-1/GSK-3β in N2a/APP695swe Cells and APP/PS1 Double Transgenic Alzheimer’s Disease Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:1667-1682. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Caveolin-1, the marker protein of membranal caveolae, is not only involved in cholesterol regulation, but also participates in the cleavage of amyloid [Formula: see text]-protein precursor (APP) and the generation of [Formula: see text]-amyloid peptide. It has been reported to be tightly related with Tau. In our previous studies, curcumin has been confirmed to play a neuroprotective role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but its effects on Caveolin-1, Tau and their correlation, and the mechanism is still unknown. As such, in the present study, N2a/WT cells, N2a/APP695swe cell and six-month-old APP/PS1 double transgenic mice were enrolled. After curcumin treatment, the expression of Caveolin-1, Tau and their relationship was detected, and the potential mechanisms were explored. The results showed that in the N2a/APP695swe cells, curcumin not only decreased the number of caveolae, but also made their membrane to be thinner; and curcumin could decreased the expression of phosphorylated Tau (P-Tau(ser404)/Tau) and Caveolin-1 ([Formula: see text]), but the expression of phosphorylated GSK-3[Formula: see text] (P-GSK-3[Formula: see text]/GSK-3[Formula: see text] was increased ([Formula: see text]). In APP/PS1 transgenic mice, the same results were observed. Taken together, our data suggest that curcumin may play an important role in AD via reducing Caveolin-1, inactivating GSK-3[Formula: see text] and inhibiting the abnormal excessive phosphorylation of Tau, which will provide a new theory for AD treatment with curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyun Sun
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Teng
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
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70
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Arenas F, Garcia-Ruiz C, Fernandez-Checa JC. Intracellular Cholesterol Trafficking and Impact in Neurodegeneration. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:382. [PMID: 29204109 PMCID: PMC5698305 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is a critical component of membrane bilayers where it plays key structural and functional roles by regulating the activity of diverse signaling platforms and pathways. Particularly enriched in brain, cholesterol homeostasis in this organ is singular with respect to other tissues and exhibits a heterogeneous regulation in distinct brain cell populations. Due to the key role of cholesterol in brain physiology and function, alterations in cholesterol homeostasis and levels have been linked to brain diseases and neurodegeneration. In the case of Alzheimer disease (AD), however, this association remains unclear with evidence indicating that either increased or decreased total brain cholesterol levels contribute to this major neurodegenerative disease. Here, rather than analyzing the role of total cholesterol levels in neurodegeneration, we focus on the contribution of intracellular cholesterol pools, particularly in endolysosomes and mitochondria through its trafficking via specialized membrane domains delineated by the contacts between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, in the onset of prevalent neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, Parkinson disease, and Huntington disease as well as in lysosomal disorders like Niemann-Pick type C disease. We dissect molecular events associated with intracellular cholesterol accumulation, especially in mitochondria, an event that results in impaired mitochondrial antioxidant defense and function. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the distribution of cholesterol in intracellular compartments may shed light on the role of cholesterol homeostasis disruption in neurodegeneration and may pave the way for specific intervention opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Arenas
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain
- Liver Unit and Hospital Clinic I Provincial, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Garcia-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain
- Liver Unit and Hospital Clinic I Provincial, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
- Southern California Research Center for ALDP and Cirrhosis, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jose C. Fernandez-Checa
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain
- Liver Unit and Hospital Clinic I Provincial, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
- Southern California Research Center for ALDP and Cirrhosis, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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71
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Alterations in endocytic protein expression with increasing age in the transgenic APP695 V717I London mouse model of amyloid pathology. Neuroreport 2017; 28:963-968. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Root-Securing and Brain-Fortifying Liquid Upregulates Caveolin-1 in Cell Model with Alzheimer's Disease through Inhibiting Tau Phosphorylation. Neurol Res Int 2017; 2017:6248351. [PMID: 29123923 PMCID: PMC5662813 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6248351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to explore the effect of root-securing and brain-fortifying Liquid- (RSBFL-) mediated caveolin-1 (CAV-1) on phosphorylation of Tau protein and to uncover underlying mechanisms of RSBFL for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), hippocampal neurons isolated from neonatal SD rats and cultured in DMEM-F12 medium were induced by exogenous Aβ1–42 to establish a cell model with AD. Meanwhile, pEGFP-C1-CAV1 and CAV1-shRNA plasmids were transfected into hippocampal neurons for CAV-1 overexpression and silence, respectively. The serum containing RSBFL was prepared for the intervention of AD model cells. The expression of CAV-1, GSK-3β, and p-Tau in normal hippocampal neurons and AD model cells in the presence of serum containing RSBFL was evaluated. The model hippocampal neurons with AD induced by Aβ1–42 revealed an obvious CAV-1 inhibition, enhanced GSK-3β activity, and abnormal Tau phosphorylation. In contrast, the treatment with serum containing RSBFL could upregulate CAV-1 in AD hippocampal neurons (P < 0.05) with improved p-GSK-3βSer9 and reduced p-GSK-3βTyr216 (P < 0.01), as well as suppressed abnormal phosphorylation of Tau protein. Therefore, RSBFL has an excellent protective effect on hippocampal neurons through increasing CAV-1 expression, inhibiting GSK-3β activity, and reducing excessive abnormal phosphorylation of Tau protein.
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Schilling J, Kassan A, Mandyam C, Pearn M, Voong A, Grogman G, Risbrough V, Niesman I, Patel H, Patel P, Head B. Inhibition of p75 neurotrophin receptor does not rescue cognitive impairment in adulthood after isoflurane exposure in neonatal mice. Br J Anaesth 2017; 119:465-471. [PMID: 28969308 PMCID: PMC6172965 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aew299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoflurane is widely used for anaesthesia in humans. Isoflurane exposure of rodents prior to post-natal day 7 (PND7) leads to widespread neurodegeneration in laboratory animals. Previous data from our laboratory suggest an attenuation of apoptosis with the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) inhibitor TAT-Pep5. We hypothesized that isoflurane toxicity leads to behavioural and cognitive abnormalities and can be rescued with pre-anaesthesia administration of TAT-Pep5. METHODS Neonatal mouse pups were pretreated with either TAT-Pep5 (25 μl, 10 μM i.p.) or a scrambled control peptide (TAT-ctrl; 25 μl, 10 μM i.p.) prior to isoflurane exposure (1.4%; 4 h) or control ( n = 15-26/group). Three to 5 months after exposure, behavioural testing and endpoint assays [brain volume (stereology) and immunoblotting] were performed. RESULTS No significant difference was observed in open field, T-maze, balance beam or wire-hanging testing. The Barnes maze revealed a significant effect of isoflurane ( P = 0.019) in errors to find the escape tunnel during the day 5 probe trial, a finding indicative of impaired short-term spatial memory. No difference was found for brain volumes or protein expression. TAT-Pep5 treatment did not reverse the effects of isoflurane on neurocognitive behaviour. CONCLUSION A single isoflurane exposure to early post-natal mice caused a hippocampal-dependent memory deficit that was not prevented by pre-administration of TAT-Pep5, although TAT-Pep5, an inhibitor of p75NTR, has been shown to reduce isoflurane-induced apoptosis. These findings suggest that neuronal apoptosis is not requisite for the development of cognitive deficits in the adults attendant with neonatal anaesthetic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.M. Schilling
- Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - A. Kassan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - C. Mandyam
- Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M.L. Pearn
- Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - A. Voong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - G.G. Grogman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - V.B. Risbrough
- Departments of Psychiatry and Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - I.R. Niesman
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine—Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - H.H. Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - P.M. Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - B.P. Head
- Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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74
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Yu DM, Jung SH, An HT, Lee S, Hong J, Park JS, Lee H, Lee H, Bahn MS, Lee HC, Han NK, Ko J, Lee JS, Ko YG. Caveolin-1 deficiency induces premature senescence with mitochondrial dysfunction. Aging Cell 2017; 16:773-784. [PMID: 28514055 PMCID: PMC5506423 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Paradoxical observations have been made regarding the role of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) during cellular senescence. For example, caveolin-1 deficiency prevents reactive oxygen species-induced cellular senescence despite mitochondrial dysfunction, which leads to senescence. To resolve this paradox, we re-addressed the role of caveolin-1 in cellular senescence in human diploid fibroblasts, A549, HCT116, and Cav-1-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Cav-1 deficiency (knockout or knockdown) induced cellular senescence via a p53-p21-dependent pathway, downregulating the expression level of the cardiolipin biosynthesis enzymes and then reducing the content of cardiolipin, a critical lipid for mitochondrial respiration. Our results showed that Cav-1 deficiency decreased mitochondrial respiration, reduced the activity of oxidative phosphorylation complex I (CI), inactivated SIRT1, and decreased the NAD+ /NADH ratio. From these results, we concluded that Cav-1 deficiency induces premature senescence via mitochondrial dysfunction and silent information regulator 2 homologue 1 (SIRT1) inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Min Yu
- Tunneling Nanotube Research Center; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
- Division of Life Sciences; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Seung Hee Jung
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Inha University College of Medicine; Incheon 22212 Korea
- Hypoxia-related Disease Research Center; Inha University College of Medicine; Incheon 22212 Korea
| | - Hyoung-Tae An
- Tunneling Nanotube Research Center; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
- Division of Life Sciences; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Sungsoo Lee
- Tunneling Nanotube Research Center; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
- Division of Life Sciences; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Jin Hong
- Tunneling Nanotube Research Center; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
- Division of Life Sciences; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Jun Sub Park
- Tunneling Nanotube Research Center; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
- Division of Life Sciences; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Hyun Lee
- Tunneling Nanotube Research Center; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
- Division of Life Sciences; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Hwayeon Lee
- Tunneling Nanotube Research Center; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
- Division of Life Sciences; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Myeong-Suk Bahn
- Tunneling Nanotube Research Center; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
- Division of Life Sciences; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Hyung Chul Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Inha University College of Medicine; Incheon 22212 Korea
- Hypoxia-related Disease Research Center; Inha University College of Medicine; Incheon 22212 Korea
| | - Na-Kyung Han
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Inha University College of Medicine; Incheon 22212 Korea
- Hypoxia-related Disease Research Center; Inha University College of Medicine; Incheon 22212 Korea
| | - Jesang Ko
- Tunneling Nanotube Research Center; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
- Division of Life Sciences; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Jae-Seon Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Inha University College of Medicine; Incheon 22212 Korea
- Hypoxia-related Disease Research Center; Inha University College of Medicine; Incheon 22212 Korea
| | - Young-Gyu Ko
- Tunneling Nanotube Research Center; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
- Division of Life Sciences; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
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75
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Abstract
Three neurodegenerative diseases [Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD)] have many characteristics like pathological mechanisms and genes. In this sense some researchers postulate that these diseases share the same alterations and that one alteration in a specific protein triggers one of these diseases. Analyses of gene expression may shed more light on how to discover pathways, pathologic mechanisms associated with the disease, biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we analyze four microarrays related to three neurodegenerative diseases. We will systematically examine seven genes (CHN1, MDH1, PCP4, RTN1, SLC14A1, SNAP25 and VSNL1) that are altered in the three neurodegenerative diseases. A network was built and used to identify pathways, miRNA and drugs associated with ALS, AD and PD using Cytoscape software an interaction network based on the protein interactions of these genes. The most important affected pathway is PI3K-Akt signalling. Thirteen microRNAs (miRNA-19B1, miRNA-107, miRNA-124-1, miRNA-124-2, miRNA-9-2, miRNA-29A, miRNA-9-3, miRNA-328, miRNA-19B2, miRNA-29B2, miRNA-124-3, miRNA-15A and miRNA-9-1) and four drugs (Estradiol, Acetaminophen, Resveratrol and Progesterone) for new possible treatments were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo Alarcón
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
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76
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Danford ID, Verkuil LD, Choi DJ, Collins DW, Gudiseva HV, Uyhazi KE, Lau MK, Kanu LN, Grant GR, Chavali VRM, O'Brien JM. Characterizing the "POAGome": A bioinformatics-driven approach to primary open-angle glaucoma. Prog Retin Eye Res 2017; 58:89-114. [PMID: 28223208 PMCID: PMC5464971 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a genetically, physiologically, and phenotypically complex neurodegenerative disorder. This study addressed the expanding collection of genes associated with POAG, referred to as the "POAGome." We used bioinformatics tools to perform an extensive, systematic literature search and compiled 542 genes with confirmed associations with POAG and its related phenotypes (normal tension glaucoma, ocular hypertension, juvenile open-angle glaucoma, and primary congenital glaucoma). The genes were classified according to their associated ocular tissues and phenotypes, and functional annotation and pathway analyses were subsequently performed. Our study reveals that no single molecular pathway can encompass the pathophysiology of POAG. The analyses suggested that inflammation and senescence may play pivotal roles in both the development and perpetuation of the retinal ganglion cell degeneration seen in POAG. The TGF-β signaling pathway was repeatedly implicated in our analyses, suggesting that it may be an important contributor to the manifestation of POAG in the anterior and posterior segments of the globe. We propose a molecular model of POAG revolving around TGF-β signaling, which incorporates the roles of inflammation and senescence in this disease. Finally, we highlight emerging molecular therapies that show promise for treating POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian D Danford
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lana D Verkuil
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daniel J Choi
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David W Collins
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Harini V Gudiseva
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Katherine E Uyhazi
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Marisa K Lau
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Levi N Kanu
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Gregory R Grant
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Penn Center for Bioinformatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Venkata R M Chavali
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Joan M O'Brien
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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77
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Spencer A, Yu L, Guili V, Reynaud F, Ding Y, Ma J, Jullien J, Koubi D, Gauthier E, Cluet D, Falk J, Castellani V, Yuan C, Rudkin BB. Nerve Growth Factor Signaling from Membrane Microdomains to the Nucleus: Differential Regulation by Caveolins. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E693. [PMID: 28338624 PMCID: PMC5412279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane microdomains or "lipid rafts" have emerged as essential functional modules of the cell, critical for the regulation of growth factor receptor-mediated responses. Herein we describe the dichotomy between caveolin-1 and caveolin-2, structural and regulatory components of microdomains, in modulating proliferation and differentiation. Caveolin-2 potentiates while caveolin-1 inhibits nerve growth factor (NGF) signaling and subsequent cell differentiation. Caveolin-2 does not appear to impair NGF receptor trafficking but elicits prolonged and stronger activation of MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), Rsk2 (ribosomal protein S6 kinase 2), and CREB (cAMP response element binding protein). In contrast, caveolin-1 does not alter initiation of the NGF signaling pathway activation; rather, it acts, at least in part, by sequestering the cognate receptors, TrkA and p75NTR, at the plasma membrane, together with the phosphorylated form of the downstream effector Rsk2, which ultimately prevents CREB phosphorylation. The non-phosphorylatable caveolin-1 serine 80 mutant (S80V), no longer inhibits TrkA trafficking or subsequent CREB phosphorylation. MC192, a monoclonal antibody towards p75NTR that does not block NGF binding, prevents exit of both NGF receptors (TrkA and p75NTR) from lipid rafts. The results presented herein underline the role of caveolin and receptor signaling complex interplay in the context of neuronal development and tumorigenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- CREB-Binding Protein/metabolism
- Caveolin 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Caveolin 1/genetics
- Caveolin 1/metabolism
- Caveolin 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Caveolin 2/genetics
- Caveolin 2/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Ganglia, Spinal/cytology
- Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism
- Membrane Microdomains/metabolism
- Mice
- Nerve Growth Factor/pharmacology
- Nerve Tissue Proteins
- PC12 Cells
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Protein Binding
- Protein Transport/drug effects
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism
- Receptor, trkA/chemistry
- Receptor, trkA/immunology
- Receptor, trkA/metabolism
- Receptors, Growth Factor
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/chemistry
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/immunology
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambre Spencer
- East China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education of PR China, Joint Laboratory of Neuropathogenesis, ECNU, ENS Lyon, CNRS, Shanghai 200062, China.
- Univ. Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Differentiation & Cell Cycle Group, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule, UMR5239, 69007 Lyon, France.
- East China Normal University, School of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurophysiology, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Lingli Yu
- East China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education of PR China, Joint Laboratory of Neuropathogenesis, ECNU, ENS Lyon, CNRS, Shanghai 200062, China.
- Univ. Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Differentiation & Cell Cycle Group, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule, UMR5239, 69007 Lyon, France.
- East China Normal University, School of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurophysiology, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Vincent Guili
- Univ. Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Differentiation & Cell Cycle Group, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule, UMR5239, 69007 Lyon, France.
| | - Florie Reynaud
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, CGphiMC UMR5534, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| | - Yindi Ding
- East China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education of PR China, Joint Laboratory of Neuropathogenesis, ECNU, ENS Lyon, CNRS, Shanghai 200062, China.
- Univ. Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Differentiation & Cell Cycle Group, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule, UMR5239, 69007 Lyon, France.
- East China Normal University, School of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurophysiology, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Ji Ma
- East China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education of PR China, Joint Laboratory of Neuropathogenesis, ECNU, ENS Lyon, CNRS, Shanghai 200062, China.
- East China Normal University, School of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurophysiology, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Jérôme Jullien
- Univ. Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Differentiation & Cell Cycle Group, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule, UMR5239, 69007 Lyon, France.
| | - David Koubi
- Univ. Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Differentiation & Cell Cycle Group, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule, UMR5239, 69007 Lyon, France.
| | - Emmanuel Gauthier
- Univ. Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Differentiation & Cell Cycle Group, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule, UMR5239, 69007 Lyon, France.
| | - David Cluet
- East China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education of PR China, Joint Laboratory of Neuropathogenesis, ECNU, ENS Lyon, CNRS, Shanghai 200062, China.
- Univ. Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Differentiation & Cell Cycle Group, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule, UMR5239, 69007 Lyon, France.
| | - Julien Falk
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, CGphiMC UMR5534, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| | - Valérie Castellani
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, CGphiMC UMR5534, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| | - Chonggang Yuan
- East China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education of PR China, Joint Laboratory of Neuropathogenesis, ECNU, ENS Lyon, CNRS, Shanghai 200062, China.
- East China Normal University, School of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurophysiology, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Brian B Rudkin
- East China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education of PR China, Joint Laboratory of Neuropathogenesis, ECNU, ENS Lyon, CNRS, Shanghai 200062, China.
- Univ. Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Differentiation & Cell Cycle Group, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule, UMR5239, 69007 Lyon, France.
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, 69500 Bron, France.
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78
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Nguyen KCT, Cho KA. Versatile Functions of Caveolin-1 in Aging-related Diseases. Chonnam Med J 2017; 53:28-36. [PMID: 28184336 PMCID: PMC5299127 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2017.53.1.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a trans-membrane protein that is a major component of the caveolae structure on the plasma membrane. Cav-1 is involved in the regulation of various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, endocytosis, and in particular it has been implied in cellular senescence. Here we review current knowledge about Cav-1 in cellular signaling and discuss the role of Cav-1 in aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Cuc Thi Nguyen
- Deparment of Life Science, ThaiNguyen University of Science, TanThinh Ward, ThaiNguyen, VietNam
| | - Kyung A Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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79
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Mandyam CD, Schilling JM, Cui W, Egawa J, Niesman IR, Kellerhals SE, Staples MC, Busija AR, Risbrough VB, Posadas E, Grogman GC, Chang JW, Roth DM, Patel PM, Patel HH, Head BP. Neuron-Targeted Caveolin-1 Improves Molecular Signaling, Plasticity, and Behavior Dependent on the Hippocampus in Adult and Aged Mice. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 81:101-110. [PMID: 26592463 PMCID: PMC4826329 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in vitro demonstrate that neuronal membrane/lipid rafts (MLRs) establish cell polarity by clustering progrowth receptors and tethering cytoskeletal machinery necessary for neuronal sprouting. However, the effect of MLR and MLR-associated proteins on neuronal aging is unknown. METHODS Here, we assessed the impact of neuron-targeted overexpression of an MLR scaffold protein, caveolin-1 (Cav-1) (via a synapsin promoter, SynCav1), in the hippocampus in vivo in adult (6-month-old) and aged (20-month-old) mice on biochemical, morphologic, and behavioral changes. RESULTS SynCav1 resulted in increased expression of Cav-1, MLRs, and MLR-localization of Cav-1 and tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor independent of age and time post gene transfer. Cav-1 overexpression in adult mice enhanced dendritic arborization within the apical dendrites of hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 and granule cell neurons, effects that were also observed in aged mice, albeit to a lesser extent, indicating preserved impact of Cav-1 on structural plasticity of hippocampal neurons with age. Cav-1 overexpression enhanced contextual fear memory in adult and aged mice demonstrating improved hippocampal function. CONCLUSIONS Neuron-targeted overexpression of Cav-1 in the adult and aged hippocampus enhances functional MLRs with corresponding roles in cell signaling and protein trafficking. The resultant structural alterations in hippocampal neurons in vivo are associated with improvements in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. Our findings suggest Cav-1 as a novel therapeutic strategy in disorders involving impaired hippocampal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra D. Mandyam
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSD,Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, TSRI
| | - Jan M. Schilling
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System,Department of Anesthesiology, UCSD
| | - Weihua Cui
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System,Department of Anesthesiology, UCSD,Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Junji Egawa
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System,Department of Anesthesiology, UCSD
| | - Ingrid R. Niesman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine
| | - Sarah E. Kellerhals
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System,Department of Anesthesiology, UCSD
| | | | - Anna R. Busija
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System,Department of Anesthesiology, UCSD
| | | | - Edmund Posadas
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System,Department of Anesthesiology, UCSD
| | - Grace C. Grogman
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System,Department of Anesthesiology, UCSD
| | - Jamie W. Chang
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System,Department of Anesthesiology, UCSD
| | - David M. Roth
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System,Department of Anesthesiology, UCSD
| | - Piyush M. Patel
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System,Department of Anesthesiology, UCSD
| | - Hemal H. Patel
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System,Department of Anesthesiology, UCSD
| | - Brian P. Head
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System,Department of Anesthesiology, UCSD,Corresponding Author: Brian P. Head, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, VASDHS (9125), 3350 La Jolla Village Dr., San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
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80
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Kassan A, Egawa J, Zhang Z, Almenar-Queralt A, Nguyen QM, Lajevardi Y, Kim K, Posadas E, Jeste DV, Roth DM, Patel PM, Patel HH, Head BP. Caveolin-1 regulation of disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 as a potential therapeutic target for schizophrenia. J Neurophysiol 2017; 117:436-444. [PMID: 27832597 PMCID: PMC5253400 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00481.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a debilitating psychiatric disorder manifested in early adulthood. Disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) is a susceptible gene for schizophrenia (Hodgkinson et al. 2004; Millar et al. 2000; St Clair et al. 1990) implicated in neuronal development, brain maturation, and neuroplasticity (Brandon and Sawa 2011; Chubb et al. 2008). Therefore, DISC1 is a promising candidate gene for schizophrenia, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its role in the pathogenesis of the disease are still poorly understood. Interestingly, caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a cholesterol binding and scaffolding protein, regulates neuronal signal transduction and promotes neuroplasticity. In this study we examined the role of Cav-1 in mediating DISC1 expression in neurons in vitro and the hippocampus in vivo. Overexpressing Cav-1 specifically in neurons using a neuron-specific synapsin promoter (SynCav1) increased expression of DISC1 and proteins involved in synaptic plasticity (PSD95, synaptobrevin, synaptophysin, neurexin, and syntaxin 1). Similarly, SynCav1-transfected differentiated human neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) exhibited increased expression of DISC1 and markers of synaptic plasticity. Conversely, hippocampi from Cav-1 knockout (KO) exhibited decreased expression of DISC1 and proteins involved in synaptic plasticity. Finally, SynCav1 delivery to the hippocampus of Cav-1 KO mice and Cav-1 KO neurons in culture restored expression of DISC1 and markers of synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, we found that Cav-1 coimmunoprecipitated with DISC1 in brain tissue. These findings suggest an important role by which neuron-targeted Cav-1 regulates DISC1 neurobiology with implications for synaptic plasticity. Therefore, SynCav1 might be a potential therapeutic target for restoring neuronal function in schizophrenia. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study is the first to demonstrate that caveolin-1 can regulate DISC1 expression in neuronal models. Furthermore, the findings are consistent across three separate neuronal models that include rodent neurons (in vitro and in vivo) and human differentiated neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. These findings justify further investigation regarding the modulatory role by caveolin on synaptic function and as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kassan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
- Department of Psychiatry and the Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Junji Egawa
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Zheng Zhang
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Angels Almenar-Queralt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; and
| | | | | | - Kaitlyn Kim
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | | | - Dilip V Jeste
- Department of Psychiatry and the Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - David M Roth
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Piyush M Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Hemal H Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Brian P Head
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California;
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California
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81
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Petrov AM, Kasimov MR, Zefirov AL. Cholesterol in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's Diseases and Autism: Link to Synaptic Dysfunction. Acta Naturae 2017; 9:26-37. [PMID: 28461971 PMCID: PMC5406657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous review, we described brain cholesterol metabolism in control conditions and in the case of some rare neurological pathologies linked to defects in the genes which are directly involved in the synthesis and/or traffic of cholesterol. Here, we have analyzed disruptions in cholesterol homeostasis in widespread neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases) and autism spectrum disorders. We particularly focused on the synaptic dysfunctions that could arise from changes in both membrane cholesterol availability and oxysterol production. Notably, alterations in the brain cholesterol metabolism and neurotransmission occur in the early stages of these pathologies and the polymorphism of the genes associated with cholesterol homeostasis and synaptic communication affects the risk of onset and severity of these diseases. In addition, pharmacological and genetic manipulations of brain cholesterol homeostasis in animal models frequently have marked effects on the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, the development of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and autism spectrum disorders may be partially associated with an imbalance of cholesterol homeostasis that leads to changes in the membrane cholesterol and oxysterol levels that, in turn, modulates key steps in the synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Petrov
- Kazan State Medical University, Normal Physiology department, Butlerova str. 49, Kazan, 420012, Russia
| | - M. R. Kasimov
- Kazan State Medical University, Normal Physiology department, Butlerova str. 49, Kazan, 420012, Russia
| | - A. L. Zefirov
- Kazan State Medical University, Normal Physiology department, Butlerova str. 49, Kazan, 420012, Russia
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82
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Caveolin proteins: a molecular insight into disease. Front Med 2016; 10:397-404. [DOI: 10.1007/s11684-016-0483-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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83
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Treadmill Exercise Promotes Neurogenesis in Ischemic Rat Brains via Caveolin-1/VEGF Signaling Pathways. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:389-397. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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84
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Gu X, Reagan AM, McClellan ME, Elliott MH. Caveolins and caveolae in ocular physiology and pathophysiology. Prog Retin Eye Res 2016; 56:84-106. [PMID: 27664379 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Caveolae are specialized, invaginated plasma membrane domains that are defined morphologically and by the expression of signature proteins called, caveolins. Caveolae and caveolins are abundant in a variety of cell types including vascular endothelium, glia, and fibroblasts where they play critical roles in transcellular transport, endocytosis, mechanotransduction, cell proliferation, membrane lipid homeostasis, and signal transduction. Given these critical cellular functions, it is surprising that ablation of the caveolae organelle does not result in lethality suggesting instead that caveolae and caveolins play modulatory roles in cellular homeostasis. Caveolar components are also expressed in ocular cell types including retinal vascular cells, Müller glia, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), conventional aqueous humor outflow cells, the corneal epithelium and endothelium, and the lens epithelium. In the eye, studies of caveolae and other membrane microdomains (i.e., "lipid rafts") have lagged behind what is a substantial body of literature outside vision science. However, interest in caveolae and their molecular components has increased with accumulating evidence of important roles in vision-related functions such as blood-retinal barrier homeostasis, ocular inflammatory signaling, pathogen entry at the ocular surface, and aqueous humor drainage. The recent association of CAV1/2 gene loci with primary open angle glaucoma and intraocular pressure has further enhanced the need to better understand caveolar functions in the context of ocular physiology and disease. Herein, we provide the first comprehensive review of literature on caveolae, caveolins, and other membrane domains in the context of visual system function. This review highlights the importance of caveolae domains and their components in ocular physiology and pathophysiology and emphasizes the need to better understand these important modulators of cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowu Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Alaina M Reagan
- Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Mark E McClellan
- Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Michael H Elliott
- Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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85
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See Hoe LE, May LT, Headrick JP, Peart JN. Sarcolemmal dependence of cardiac protection and stress-resistance: roles in aged or diseased hearts. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2966-91. [PMID: 27439627 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the sarcolemmal membrane is a defining feature of oncotic death in cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion (I-R), and its molecular makeup not only fundamentally governs this process but also affects multiple determinants of both myocardial I-R injury and responsiveness to cardioprotective stimuli. Beyond the influences of membrane lipids on the cytoprotective (and death) receptors intimately embedded within this bilayer, myocardial ionic homeostasis, substrate metabolism, intercellular communication and electrical conduction are all sensitive to sarcolemmal makeup, and critical to outcomes from I-R. As will be outlined in this review, these crucial sarcolemmal dependencies may underlie not only the negative effects of age and common co-morbidities on myocardial ischaemic tolerance but also the on-going challenge of implementing efficacious cardioprotection in patients suffering accidental or surgically induced I-R. We review evidence for the involvement of sarcolemmal makeup changes in the impairment of stress-resistance and cardioprotection observed with ageing and highly prevalent co-morbid conditions including diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia. A greater understanding of membrane changes with age/disease, and the inter-dependences of ischaemic tolerance and cardioprotection on sarcolemmal makeup, can facilitate the development of strategies to preserve membrane integrity and cell viability, and advance the challenging goal of implementing efficacious 'cardioprotection' in clinically relevant patient cohorts. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Pharmacology of G Protein-Coupled Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v173.20/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise E See Hoe
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and The University of Queensland, Chermside, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - John P Headrick
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Jason N Peart
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
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86
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Egawa J, Pearn ML, Lemkuil BP, Patel PM, Head BP. Membrane lipid rafts and neurobiology: age-related changes in membrane lipids and loss of neuronal function. J Physiol 2016; 594:4565-79. [PMID: 26332795 PMCID: PMC4983616 DOI: 10.1113/jp270590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the cellular physiological role that plasma membrane lipids, fatty acids and sterols play in various cellular systems may yield more insight into how cellular and whole organ function is altered during the ageing process. Membrane lipid rafts (MLRs) within the plasma membrane of most cells serve as key organizers of intracellular signalling and tethering points of cytoskeletal components. MLRs are plasmalemmal microdomains enriched in sphingolipids, cholesterol and scaffolding proteins; they serve as a platform for signal transduction, cytoskeletal organization and vesicular trafficking. Within MLRs are the scaffolding and cholesterol binding proteins named caveolin (Cav). Cavs not only organize a multitude of receptors including neurotransmitter receptors (NMDA and AMPA receptors), signalling proteins that regulate the production of cAMP (G protein-coupled receptors, adenylyl cyclases, phosphodiesterases (PDEs)), and receptor tyrosine kinases involved in growth (Trk), but also interact with components that modulate actin and tubulin cytoskeletal dynamics (e.g. RhoGTPases and actin binding proteins). MLRs are essential for the regulation of the physiology of organs such as the brain, and age-related loss of cholesterol from the plasma membrane leads to loss of MLRs, decreased presynaptic vesicle fusion, and changes in neurotransmitter release, all of which contribute to different forms of neurodegeneration. Thus, MLRs provide an active membrane domain that tethers and reorganizes the cytoskeletal machinery necessary for membrane and cellular repair, and genetic interventions that restore MLRs to normal cellular levels may be exploited as potential therapeutic means to reverse the ageing and neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Egawa
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Matthew L Pearn
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Brian P Lemkuil
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Piyush M Patel
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Brian P Head
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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87
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Zhao YL, Song JN, Ma XD, Zhang BF, Li DD, Pang HG. Rosiglitazone ameliorates diffuse axonal injury by reducing loss of tau and up-regulating caveolin-1 expression. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:944-50. [PMID: 27482223 PMCID: PMC4962592 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.184493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosiglitazone up-regulates caveolin-1 levels and has neuroprotective effects in both chronic and acute brain injury. Therefore, we postulated that rosiglitazone may ameliorate diffuse axonal injury via its ability to up-regulate caveolin-1, inhibit expression of amyloid-beta precursor protein, and reduce the loss and abnormal phosphorylation of tau. In the present study, intraperitoneal injection of rosiglitazone significantly reduced the levels of amyloid-beta precursor protein and hyperphosphorylated tau (phosphorylated at Ser404(p-tau (S404)), and it increased the expression of total tau and caveolin-1 in the rat cortex. Our results show that rosiglitazone inhibits the expression of amyloid-beta precursor protein and lowers p-tau (S404) levels, and it reduces the loss of total tau, possibly by up-regulating caveolin-1. These actions of rosiglitazone may underlie its neuroprotective effects in the treatment of diffuse axonal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Lin Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jin-Ning Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xu-Dong Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bin-Fei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Dan-Dong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hong-Gang Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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88
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Soares ES, Mendonça MCP, da Cruz-Höfling MA. Caveolae as a target for Phoneutria nigriventer spider venom. Neurotoxicology 2016; 54:111-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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89
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Kos A, Olde Loohuis N, Meinhardt J, van Bokhoven H, Kaplan BB, Martens GJ, Aschrafi A. MicroRNA-181 promotes synaptogenesis and attenuates axonal outgrowth in cortical neurons. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:3555-67. [PMID: 27017280 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2179-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are non-coding gene transcripts abundantly expressed in both the developing and adult mammalian brain. They act as important modulators of complex gene regulatory networks during neuronal development and plasticity. miR-181c is highly abundant in cerebellar cortex and its expression is increased in autism patients as well as in an animal model of autism. To systematically identify putative targets of miR-181c, we repressed this miR in growing cortical neurons and found over 70 differentially expressed target genes using transcriptome profiling. Pathway analysis showed that the miR-181c-modulated genes converge on signaling cascades relevant to neurite and synapse developmental processes. To experimentally examine the significance of these data, we inhibited miR-181c during rat cortical neuronal maturation in vitro; this loss-of miR-181c function resulted in enhanced neurite sprouting and reduced synaptogenesis. Collectively, our findings suggest that miR-181c is a modulator of gene networks associated with cortical neuronal maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron Kos
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nikkie Olde Loohuis
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Julia Meinhardt
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans van Bokhoven
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Barry B Kaplan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Gerard J Martens
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Armaz Aschrafi
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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90
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A Abdel-Rahman E, Mahmoud AM, Khalifa AM, Ali SS. Physiological and pathophysiological reactive oxygen species as probed by EPR spectroscopy: the underutilized research window on muscle ageing. J Physiol 2016; 594:4591-613. [PMID: 26801204 DOI: 10.1113/jp271471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) play crucial roles in triggering, mediating and regulating physiological and pathophysiological signal transduction pathways within the cell. Within the cell, ROS efflux is firmly controlled both spatially and temporally, making the study of ROS dynamics a challenging task. Different approaches have been developed for ROS assessment; however, many of these assays are not capable of direct identification or determination of subcellular localization of different ROS. Here we highlight electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy as a powerful technique that is uniquely capable of addressing questions on ROS dynamics in different biological specimens and cellular compartments. Due to their critical importance in muscle functions and dysfunction, we discuss in some detail spin trapping of various ROS and focus on EPR detection of nitric oxide before highlighting how EPR can be utilized to probe biophysical characteristics of the environment surrounding a given stable radical. Despite the demonstrated ability of EPR spectroscopy to provide unique information on the identity, quantity, dynamics and environment of radical species, its applications in the field of muscle physiology, fatiguing and ageing are disproportionately infrequent. While reviewing the limited examples of successful EPR applications in muscle biology we conclude that the field would greatly benefit from more studies exploring ROS sources and kinetics by spin trapping, protein dynamics by site-directed spin labelling, and membrane dynamics and global redox changes by spin probing EPR approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engy A Abdel-Rahman
- Center for Aging and Associated Diseases, Helmy Institute of Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ali M Mahmoud
- Center for Aging and Associated Diseases, Helmy Institute of Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdulrahman M Khalifa
- Center for Aging and Associated Diseases, Helmy Institute of Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sameh S Ali
- Center for Aging and Associated Diseases, Helmy Institute of Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
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91
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Sohn J, Brick RM, Tuan RS. From embryonic development to human diseases: The functional role of caveolae/caveolin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 108:45-64. [PMID: 26991990 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Caveolae, an almost ubiquitous, structural component of the plasma membrane, play a critical role in many functions essential for proper cell function, including membrane trafficking, signal transduction, extracellular matrix remodeling, and tissue regeneration. Three main types of caveolin proteins have been identified from caveolae since the discovery of caveolin-1 in the early 1990s. All three (Cav-1, Cav-2, and Cav-3) play crucial roles in mammalian physiology, and can effect pathogenesis in a wide range of human diseases. While many biological activities of caveolins have been uncovered since its discovery, their role and regulation in embryonic develop remain largely poorly understood, although there is increasing evidence that caveolins may be linked to lung and brain birth defects. Further investigations are clearly needed to decipher how caveolae/caveolins mediate cellular functions and activities of normal embryogenesis and how their perturbations contribute to developmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihee Sohn
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rachel M Brick
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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92
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ROR1 sustains caveolae and survival signalling as a scaffold of cavin-1 and caveolin-1. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10060. [PMID: 26725982 PMCID: PMC4777216 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) sustains prosurvival signalling directly downstream of the lineage-survival oncogene NKX2-1/TTF-1 in lung adenocarcinoma. Here we report an unanticipated function of this receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) as a scaffold of cavin-1 and caveolin-1 (CAV1), two essential structural components of caveolae. This kinase-independent function of ROR1 facilitates the interactions of cavin-1 and CAV1 at the plasma membrane, thereby preventing the lysosomal degradation of CAV1. Caveolae structures and prosurvival signalling towards AKT through multiple RTKs are consequently sustained. These findings provide mechanistic insight into how ROR1 inhibition can overcome EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance due to bypass signalling via diverse RTKs such as MET and IGF-IR, which is currently a major clinical obstacle. Considering its onco-embryonic expression, inhibition of the scaffold function of ROR1 in patients with lung adenocarcinoma is an attractive approach for improved treatment of this devastating cancer.
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93
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Martins IJ. Overnutrition Determines LPS Regulation of Mycotoxin Induced Neurotoxicity in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:29554-73. [PMID: 26690419 PMCID: PMC4691133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic neurodegenerative diseases are now associated with obesity and diabetes and linked to the developing and developed world. Interests in healthy diets have escalated that may prevent neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. The global metabolic syndrome involves lipoprotein abnormalities and insulin resistance and is the major disorder for induction of neurological disease. The effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on dyslipidemia and NAFLD indicate that the clearance and metabolism of fungal mycotoxins are linked to hypercholesterolemia and amyloid beta oligomers. LPS and mycotoxins are associated with membrane lipid disturbances with effects on cholesterol interacting proteins, lipoprotein metabolism, and membrane apo E/amyloid beta interactions relevant to hypercholesterolemia with close connections to neurological diseases. The influence of diet on mycotoxin metabolism has accelerated with the close association between mycotoxin contamination from agricultural products such as apple juice, grains, alcohol, and coffee. Cholesterol efflux in lipoproteins and membrane cholesterol are determined by LPS with involvement of mycotoxin on amyloid beta metabolism. Nutritional interventions such as diets low in fat/carbohydrate/cholesterol have become of interest with relevance to low absorption of lipophilic LPS and mycotoxin into lipoproteins with rapid metabolism of mycotoxin to the liver with the prevention of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian James Martins
- Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup 6027, Australia.
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia.
- McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Hollywood Medical Centre, 85 Monash Avenue, Suite 22, Nedlands 6009, Australia.
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94
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Mukaetova-Ladinska EB, Li M, Kalaria RN. tau protein, ischemic injury and vascular dementia. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl.15.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Clinical, neuroimaging and neuropathological studies have confirmed overlap between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). Classical neuropathological changes of AD (plaques and tangles) can be present in VaD. We review neuroimaging, biochemical and animal studies to consider the role of tau protein in ischemic injury and VaD pathogenesis. The evidence comes largely from transgenic animal studies that confirm that tau transgenes influence cerebral vasculature. Clinicobiochemical studies in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have, similarly, confirmed alterations in both total and phosphorylated tau protein in VaD. These data suggest that tau protein not only serves as a potential diagnostic tool for differential diagnosis of VaD from other types of dementia, but may also be a therapeutic target in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mosi Li
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Raj N Kalaria
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
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95
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Cha SH, Choi YR, Heo CH, Kang SJ, Joe EH, Jou I, Kim HM, Park SM. Loss of parkin promotes lipid rafts-dependent endocytosis through accumulating caveolin-1: implications for Parkinson's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2015; 10:63. [PMID: 26627850 PMCID: PMC4666086 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-015-0060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by progressive loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, resulting in motor dysfunctions. While most PD is sporadic in nature, a significant subset can be linked to either autosomal dominant or recessive mutations. PARK2, encoding the E3 ubiquitin ligase, parkin, is the most frequently mutated gene in autosomal recessive early onset PD. It has recently been reported that PD-associated gene products such as PINK1, α-synuclein, LRRK2, and DJ-1, as well as parkin associate with lipid rafts, suggesting that the dysfunction of these proteins in lipid rafts may be a causal factor of PD. Therefore here, we examined the relationship between lipid rafts-related proteins and parkin. Results We identified caveolin-1 (cav-1), which is one of the major constituents of lipid rafts at the plasma membrane, as a substrate of parkin. Loss of parkin function was found to disrupt the ubiquitination and degradation of cav-1, resulting in elevated cav-1 protein level in cells. Moreover, the total cholesterol level and membrane fluidity was altered by parkin deficiency, causing dysregulation of lipid rafts-dependent endocytosis. Further, cell-to-cell transmission of α-synuclein was facilitated by parkin deficiency. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that alterations in lipid rafts by the loss of parkin via cav-1 may be a causal factor of PD, and cav-1 may be a novel therapeutic target for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Heui Cha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Korea.,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yu Ree Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Korea.,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Cheol-Ho Heo
- Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seo-Jun Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Korea.,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Joe
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Korea.,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ilo Jou
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Korea.,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | | | - Sang Myun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Korea. .,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea. .,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
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96
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Ray S, Kassan A, Busija AR, Rangamani P, Patel HH. The plasma membrane as a capacitor for energy and metabolism. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 310:C181-92. [PMID: 26771520 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00087.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
When considering which components of the cell are the most critical to function and physiology, we naturally focus on the nucleus, the mitochondria that regulate energy and apoptotic signaling, or other organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, ribosomes, etc. Few people will suggest that the membrane is the most critical element of a cell in terms of function and physiology. Those that consider the membrane critical will point to its obvious barrier function regulated by the lipid bilayer and numerous ion channels that regulate homeostatic gradients. What becomes evident upon closer inspection is that not all membranes are created equal and that there are lipid-rich microdomains that serve as platforms of signaling and a means of communication with the intracellular environment. In this review, we explore the evolution of membranes, focus on lipid-rich microdomains, and advance the novel concept that membranes serve as "capacitors for energy and metabolism." Within this framework, the membrane then is the primary and critical regulator of stress and disease adaptation of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriyo Ray
- Department of Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; and
| | - Adam Kassan
- Department of Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; and
| | - Anna R Busija
- Department of Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; and
| | - Padmini Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Hemal H Patel
- Department of Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; and
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97
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LaBarge MA, Mora-Blanco EL, Samson S, Miyano M. Breast Cancer beyond the Age of Mutation. Gerontology 2015; 62:434-42. [PMID: 26539838 DOI: 10.1159/000441030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Age is the greatest risk factor for breast cancer, but the reasons underlying this association are unclear. While there is undeniably a genetic component to all cancers, the accumulation of mutations with age is insufficient to explain the age-dependent increase in breast cancer incidence. In this viewpoint, we propose a multilevel framework to better understand the respective roles played by somatic mutation, microenvironment, and epigenetics making women more susceptible to breast cancer with age. The process of aging is associated with gradual breast tissue changes that not only corrupt the tumor-suppressive activity of normal tissue but also impose age-specific epigenetic changes that alter gene expression, thus reinforcing cellular phenotypes that are associated with a continuum of age-related tissue microenvironments. The evidence discussed here suggests that while the riddle of whether epigenetics drives microenvironmental changes, or whether changes in the microenvironment alter heritable cellular memory has not been solved, a path has been cleared enabling functional analysis leading to the prediction of key nodes in the network that link the microenvironment with the epigenome. The hypothesis that the accumulation of somatic mutations with age drives the age-related increase in breast cancer incidence, if correct, has a somewhat nihilistic conclusion, namely that cancers will be impossible to avoid. Alternatively, if microenvironment-driven epigenetic changes are the key to explaining susceptibility to age-related breast cancers, then there is hope that primary prevention is possible because epigenomes are relatively malleable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A LaBarge
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, Calif., USA
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98
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Schilling JM, Patel HH. Non-canonical roles for caveolin in regulation of membrane repair and mitochondria: implications for stress adaptation with age. J Physiol 2015; 594:4581-9. [PMID: 26333003 DOI: 10.1113/jp270591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many different theories of ageing have been proposed but none has served the unifying purpose of defining a molecular target that can limit the structural and functional decline associated with age that ultimately leads to the demise of the organism. We propose that the search for a molecule with these unique properties must account for regulation of the signalling efficiency of multiple cellular functions that degrade with age due to a loss of a particular protein. We suggest caveolin as one such molecule that serves as a regulator of key processes in signal transduction. We define a particular distinction between cellular senescence and ageing and propose that caveolin plays a distinct role in each of these processes. Caveolin is traditionally thought of as a membrane-localized protein regulating signal transduction via membrane enrichment of specific signalling molecules. Ultimately we focus on two non-canonical roles for caveolin - membrane repair and regulation of mitochondrial function - which may be novel features of stress adaptation, especially in the setting of ageing. The end result of preserving membrane structure and mitochondrial function is maintenance of homeostatic signalling, preserving barrier function, and regulating energy production for cell survival and resilient ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Schilling
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Hemal H Patel
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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99
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Xu L, Guo R, Xie Y, Ma M, Ye R, Liu X. Caveolae: molecular insights and therapeutic targets for stroke. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:633-50. [PMID: 25639269 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1009446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Caveolae are specialized plasma membrane micro-invaginations of most mammalian cell types. The organization and function of caveolae are carried out by their coat proteins, caveolins and adaptor proteins, cavins. Caveolae/caveolins physically interact with membrane-associated signaling molecules and function in cholesterol incorporation, signaling transduction and macromolecular transport/permeability. AREAS COVERED Recent investigations have implicated a check-and-balance role of caveolae in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia. Caveolin knockout mice displayed exacerbated ischemic injury, whereas caveolin peptide exerted remarkable protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive synopsis of how caveolae/caveolins modulate blood-brain barrier permeability, pro-survival signaling, angiogenesis and neuroinflammation, and how this may contribute to a better understanding of the participation of caveolae in ischemic cascade. The role of caveolin in the preconditioning-induced tolerance against ischemia is also discussed. EXPERT OPINION Caveolae represent a novel target for cerebral ischemia. It remains open how to manipulate caveolin expression in a practical way to recapitulate the beneficial therapeutic outcomes. Caveolin peptides and associated antagomirs may be efficacious and deserve further investigations for their potential benefits for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University , Nanjing 210002 , China
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100
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Zhang D, Jiang S, Meng H. Role of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor Type 1 Receptor in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Encephalopathy. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:626019. [PMID: 26089889 PMCID: PMC4451562 DOI: 10.1155/2015/626019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective cognitive function is common in patients with diabetes, suggesting that insulin normally exerts anabolic actions in neuron, namely, diabetic encephalopathy. However, because insulin can cross-activate the insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R), which also functions in most of tissues, such as muscle and bone, it has been difficult to establish the direct (IGF-1-independent) actions of insulin in the pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy. To overcome this problem, we examined insulin signaling and action in primary PC-12 cells engineered for conditional disruption of the IGF-1 receptor (ΔIGF-1R). The results showed that the lower glucose metabolism and high expression of IGF-1R occurred in the brain of the DE rat model. The results also showed the defect of IGF-1R could significantly improve the ability of glucose consumption and enhance sensitivity to insulin-induced IR and Akt phosphorylation in PC12 cells. And meanwhile, IGF-1R allele gene knockout (IGF-1R(neo)) mice treated with HFD/STZ had better cognitive abilities than those of wild mice. Those results indicate that insulin exerts direct anabolic actions in neuron-like cells by activation of its cognate receptor and prove that IGF-1R plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of BeiHua University, JiLin 132011, China
| | - Shuang Jiang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Heng Meng
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of BeiHua University, JiLin 132011, China
- *Heng Meng:
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