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Validity of Items Assessing Self-Reported Number of Breaks in Sitting Time among Children and Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186708. [PMID: 32942586 PMCID: PMC7558442 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Sedentary behaviour guidelines recommend that individuals should regularly break up sitting time. Accurately monitoring such breaks is needed to inform guidelines concerning how regularly to break up sitting time and to evaluate intervention effects. We investigated the concurrent validity of three “UP4FUN child questionnaire” items assessing the number of breaks in sitting time among children and adolescents. Methods: Fifty-seven children and adolescents self-reported number of breaks from sitting taken at school, while watching TV, and during other screen time activities. Participants also wore an activPAL monitor (PAL Technologies, Glasgow, UK) to objectively assess the number of sitting time breaks (frequency/hour) during the school period and the school-free period (which was divided in the periods “after school” and “during the evening”). Concurrent validity was assessed using Spearman rank correlations. Results: Self-reported number of breaks/hour at school showed good concurrent validity (ρ = 0.676). Results were moderate to good for self-reported number of breaks/hour while watching TV (ρ range for different periods: 0.482 to 0.536) and moderate for self-reported number of breaks/hour in total screen time (ρ range for different periods: 0.377 to 0.468). Poor concurrent validity was found for self-reported number of breaks/hour during other screen time activities (ρ range for different periods: 0.157 to 0.274). Conclusions: Only the questionnaire items about number of breaks at school and while watching TV appear to be acceptable for further use in research focussing on breaks in prolonged sitting among children and adolescents.
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Fujii Y, Yamamoto R, Shinzawa M, Kimura Y, Aoki K, Tomi R, Ozaki S, Yoshimura R, Taneike M, Nakanishi K, Nishida M, Yamauchi-Takihara K, Kudo T, Isaka Y, Moriyama T. Occupational sedentary behavior and prediction of proteinuria in young to middle-aged adults: a retrospective cohort study. J Nephrol 2020; 34:719-728. [PMID: 32852701 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-020-00826-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although sedentary behavior is a risk factor of cardiometabolic diseases and mortality, little information is available about a clinical impact of occupational sedentary behavior on chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS The present retrospective cohort study included 10,212 workers of a national university in Japan who underwent annual health checkups between April 2006 and March 2013. Main exposure of interest was self-reported occupational sedentary behavior at the baseline visit. The outcome was the incidence of proteinuria defined as dipstick urinary protein of 1 + or more. The association between sedentary workers and the incidence of proteinuria was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for clinically relevant factors, including television viewing time, the major home sedentary behavior. RESULTS During median 4.8 years (interquartile range 2.1-7.9) of the observational period, the incidence of proteinuria was observed in 597 (12.0%) males and 697 (13.3%) females. In males, sedentary workers were identified as a significant predictor of proteinuria (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio of non-sedentary and sedentary workers: 1.00 [reference] and 1.35 [1.11-1.63]), along with longer television viewing time (< 30 min, 30-60 min, 1-2 h, 2-3 h, and > 3 h/day: 1.15 [0.93-1.42], 1.00 [reference], 1.24 [1.00-1.53], 1.41 [1.03-1.93], and 1.77 [1.13-2.76]), whereas not daily exercise time. In females, neither sedentary workers nor television viewing time was associated with the incidence of proteinuria. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, male sedentary workers were at high risk of proteinuria. Occupational sedentary behavior may be a potentially modifiable target for the prevention of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Fujii
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-B6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan
| | - Ryohei Yamamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-B6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan. .,Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, 1-17 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan. .,Health Promotion and Regulation, Department of Health Promotion Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-17 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, Japan.
| | - Maki Shinzawa
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-B6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kimura
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-B6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan
| | - Katsunori Aoki
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-B6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan
| | - Ryohei Tomi
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-B6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan
| | - Shingo Ozaki
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-B6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Yoshimura
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-B6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan
| | - Manabu Taneike
- Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, 1-17 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kaori Nakanishi
- Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, 1-17 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishida
- Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, 1-17 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamauchi-Takihara
- Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, 1-17 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Takashi Kudo
- Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, 1-17 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Isaka
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-B6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan
| | - Toshiki Moriyama
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-B6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan.,Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, 1-17 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan.,Health Promotion and Regulation, Department of Health Promotion Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-17 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, Japan
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Fearnbach SN, Martin CK, Heymsfield SB, Staiano AE, Newton RL, Garn AC, Johannsen NM, Hsia DS, Carmichael OT, Ramakrishnapillai S, Murray KB, Blundell JE, Finlayson G. Validation of the Activity Preference Assessment: a tool for quantifying children's implicit preferences for sedentary and physical activities. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:108. [PMID: 32831103 PMCID: PMC7444062 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-01014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High levels of sedentary behavior and low physical activity are associated with poor health, and the cognitive determinants of these behaviors in children and adolescents are not well understood. To address this gap, we developed a novel, non-verbal, computer-based assessment to quantify the degree to which youth prefer to be sedentary relative to physically active in their leisure time. METHODS The Activity Preference Assessment (APA) uses a forced-choice paradigm to understand implicit decision-making processes when presented with common sedentary and physical activities. The APA bias score ranges from - 100 to + 100, with positive scores indicating a relative preference for sedentary activities, and negative scores representing a preference for physical activities. In 60 children ages 8-17 years, we assessed the validity of this behavioral task against a free-choice play observation, accelerometry-measured activity, anthropometrics and body composition, and cardiorespiratory fitness. We explored neighborhood, family, and individual-level factors that may influence implicit activity preferences. Test-retest reliability was assessed over one week. RESULTS The majority of children (67%) preferred sedentary relative to physical activities. APA bias scores were positively associated with sedentary time during free-choice play. In girls, bias scores were negatively associated with average daily MVPA. APA bias scores were positively associated with body fat and negatively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness. These findings were independent of age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Neighborhood access to physical activity spaces, the number of people in the home, perceived physical self-competence (e.g., coordination, strength), and self-reported depressive symptoms were associated with activity preferences. The intra-class correlation for test-retest reliability was r = 0.59. CONCLUSIONS The APA shows promise as a novel tool for quantifying children's relative preference for sedentary versus physical activities. Implicit bias scores from the APA are clinically meaningful, as shown by significant associations with adiposity and cardiorespiratory fitness. Future longitudinal studies should examine the directionality of the association between preferences and health markers, and the degree to which implicit activity preferences are modifiable. Importantly, the task only takes an average of 10 min to complete, highlighting a potential role as an efficient screening tool for the propensity to be sedentary versus physically active. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03624582 .
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nicole Fearnbach
- Clinical Sciences Division, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
| | - Corby K Martin
- Clinical Sciences Division, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Steven B Heymsfield
- Clinical Sciences Division, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Amanda E Staiano
- Population and Public Health Sciences Division, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Robert L Newton
- Population and Public Health Sciences Division, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Alex C Garn
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Neil M Johannsen
- Clinical Sciences Division, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Daniel S Hsia
- Clinical Sciences Division, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Owen T Carmichael
- Clinical Sciences Division, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Kori B Murray
- Clinical Sciences Division, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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Jurado-Castro JM, Gil-Campos M, Gonzalez-Gonzalez H, Llorente-Cantarero FJ. Evaluation of Physical Activity and Lifestyle Interventions Focused on School Children with Obesity Using Accelerometry: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176031. [PMID: 32825085 PMCID: PMC7503305 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the existence of global recommendations for physical activity and lifestyle to avoid childhood obesity, there are no specific recommendations for school-age children. The aim of this meta-analysis was to measure the effects of current interventions with a physical activity component on body mass index (BMI) Z-score and on the moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) time, measured by accelerometry, and focused on children with obesity. Randomized controlled trial studies (RCTs) based on physical activity interventions focused on children with obesity (6 to 12 years old) from January 1991 to August 2018 were included. The post-intervention mean and standard deviation of the BMI Z-score and MVPA engaged time were extracted to calculate the results using random effects models. Of a total of 229 studies considered potentially eligible, only 10 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. There were improvements in the BMI Z-score for physical activity intervention groups, compared with non-intervention children in addition to a significant increase in time engaged in MVPA. In conclusion, interventions with a physical activity component in school-children with obesity seem to be effective at reducing BMI and producing an increase in time spent engaged in physical activity. Therefore, interventions based on physical activity should be considered one of the main strategies in treating childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Manuel Jurado-Castro
- Metabolism and Investigation Unit, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (J.M.J.-C.); (F.J.L.-C.)
| | - Mercedes Gil-Campos
- Metabolism and Investigation Unit, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (J.M.J.-C.); (F.J.L.-C.)
- CIBEROBN, (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Metabolism and Pediatric Research, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-9577-36467
| | | | - Francisco Jesus Llorente-Cantarero
- Metabolism and Investigation Unit, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (J.M.J.-C.); (F.J.L.-C.)
- CIBEROBN, (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Specific Didactics, Faculty of Education, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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Raghuveer G, Hartz J, Lubans DR, Takken T, Wiltz JL, Mietus-Snyder M, Perak AM, Baker-Smith C, Pietris N, Edwards NM. Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Youth: An Important Marker of Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2020; 142:e101-e118. [PMID: 32686505 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) refers to the capacity of the circulatory and respiratory systems to supply oxygen to skeletal muscle mitochondria for energy production needed during physical activity. CRF is an important marker of physical and mental health and academic achievement in youth. However, only 40% of US youth are currently believed to have healthy CRF. In this statement, we review the physiological principles that determine CRF, the tools that are available to assess CRF, the modifiable and nonmodifiable factors influencing CRF, the association of CRF with markers of health in otherwise healthy youth, and the temporal trends in CRF both in the United States and internationally. Development of a cost-effective CRF measurement process that could readily be incorporated into office visits and in field settings to screen all youth periodically could help identify those at increased risk.
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Pillay L, Janse van Rensburg DCC, Jansen van Rensburg A, Ramagole DA, Holtzhausen L, Dijkstra HP, Cronje T. Nowhere to hide: The significant impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) measures on elite and semi-elite South African athletes. J Sci Med Sport 2020; 23:670-679. [PMID: 32448749 PMCID: PMC7235602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the perceptions of South African elite and semi-elite athletes on return to sport (RTS); maintenance of physical conditioning and other activities; sleep; nutrition; mental health; healthcare access; and knowledge of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). DESIGN Cross- sectional study. METHODS A Google Forms survey was distributed to athletes from 15 sports in the final phase (last week of April 2020) of the level 5 lockdown period. Descriptive statistics were used to describe player demographic data. Chi-squared tests investigated significance (p<0.05) between observed and expected values and explored sex differences. Post hoc tests with a Bonferroni adjustment were included where applicable. RESULTS 67% of the 692 respondents were males. The majority (56%) expected RTS after 1-6 months. Most athletes trained alone (61%; p<0.0001), daily (61%; p<0.0001) at moderate intensity (58%; p<0.0001) and for 30-60min (72%). During leisure time athletes preferred sedentary above active behaviour (p<0.0001). Sleep patterns changed significantly (79%; p<0.0001). A significant number of athletes consumed excessive amounts of carbohydrates (76%; p<0.0001; males 73%; females 80%). Many athletes felt depressed (52%), and required motivation to keep active (55%). Most had access to healthcare during lockdown (80%) and knew proceedings when suspecting COVID-19 (92%). CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 had physical, nutritional and psychological consequences that may impact on the safe RTS and general health of athletes. Lost opportunities and uncertain financial and sporting futures may have significant effects on athletes and the sports industry. Government and sporting federations must support athletes and develop and implement guidelines to reduce the risk in a COVID-19 environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lervasen Pillay
- Section Sports Medicine & Sport Exercise Medicine Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Dina C Christa Janse van Rensburg
- Section Sports Medicine & Sport Exercise Medicine Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa; International Netball Federation, UK
| | - Audrey Jansen van Rensburg
- Section Sports Medicine & Sport Exercise Medicine Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Dimakatso A Ramagole
- Section Sports Medicine & Sport Exercise Medicine Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Louis Holtzhausen
- Section Sports Medicine & Sport Exercise Medicine Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Qatar
| | - H Paul Dijkstra
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Qatar; Department for Continuing Education, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Tanita Cronje
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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Silveira JFDC, Barbian CD, Burgos LT, Renner JDP, Paiva DN, Reuter CP. ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE SCREEN TIME AND THE CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS WITH THE PRESENCE OF METABOLIC RISK IN SCHOOLCHILDREN. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 38:e2019134. [PMID: 32520301 PMCID: PMC7274529 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2020/38/2019134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To verify the association between screen time and cardiorespiratory fitness
with the presence of metabolic risk in schoolchildren in an isolated and
clustered manner. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 1.200 schoolchildren from Santa Cruz do Sul-RS.
Screen time and cardiorespiratory fitness were evaluated. The continuous
metabolic risk score was calculated by summing the Z score of the waist
circumference, systolic blood pressure, glucose, triglycerides, total
cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein
(HDL-C). Results: Children (34.3%) and adolescents (48.2%) had high screen time, while 44.3%
of the children and 53.3% of the adolescents were unfit in relation to
cardiorespiratory fitness. Regarding the relation of screen
time/cardiorespiratory fitness, 14.7% of the children and 26.9% of the
adolescents presented high screen time and low levels of cardiorespiratory
fitness. The presence of metabolic risk was shown in children (17.1%) and
adolescents (14.7%). The presence of metabolic risk was directly associated
with low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness in children and adolescents.
When analyzed in clusters, the metabolic risk in children was 11% more
prevalent in subjects with low screen time/unfit and 12% in subjects with
high screen time/unfit, whereas in adolescents, the prevalence of metabolic
risk was also higher in those with low screen time/unfit (8%) and high
screen time/unfit (7%). Conclusions: The presence of metabolic risk in children and adolescents was associated
with low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, independent of screen time, in
an isolated or clustered manner.
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Prospective Analysis of Levels and Correlates of Physical Activity during COVID-19 Pandemic and Imposed Rules of Social Distancing; Gender Specific Study among Adolescents from Southern Croatia. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12104072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, global authorities have imposed rules of social distancing that directly influence overall physical activity in populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the trends of changes in physical-activity levels (PALs) in adolescents and factors that may be associated with PALs among the studied boys and girls. Methods: Participants in this prospective study comprised 388 adolescents (126 females; mean age: 16.4 ± 1.9 years) from southern Croatia who were tested at a baseline (before the imposed rules of social distancing) and at a follow-up measurement (three weeks after the initiation). Baseline testing included anthropometric variables, variables of fitness status (done at the beginning of the school year), and PALs. At the follow-up, participants were tested on PALs. PALs were evaluated over an online platform using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents. Results: A significant decrease of PALs was evidenced for the total sample (t-test = 3.46, p < 0.001), which was primarily influenced by a significant decrease of PALs in boys (t-test = 5.15, p < 0.001). The fitness status (jumping capacity, abdominal strength, aerobic endurance, and anaerobic endurance) was systematically positively correlated with PALs at the baseline and follow-up among boys and girls, with the most evident association between aerobic and anaerobic endurance capacities and PALs. Correlations between anthropometric and fitness variables with changes in physical activity (e.g., the difference between baseline and follow-up PALs) were negligible. Conclusions: Differences in PAL changes between genders were probably related to the fact that PALs among boys were mostly related to participation in organized sports. Correlations between baseline fitness status and PALs indicated the importance of overall physical literacy in preserving PALs in challenging circumstances, such as the COVID-19 pandemic observed here.
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Aglipay M, Vanderloo LM, Tombeau Cost K, Maguire JL, Birken CS. The Digital Media Environment and Cardiovascular Risk in Children. Can J Cardiol 2020; 36:1440-1447. [PMID: 32353533 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Children today are exposed to multiple forms of digital media including traditional (eg, televisions, computers) and newer mobile devices (eg, smartphones, tablets, etc). As the digital media environment evolves, it is important that health care providers and policymakers adapt to develop, implement, and evaluate strategies to ameliorate its effects on health. In this article we provide an overview of the literature on the relationship between the digital media environment and cardiovascular risk factors in childhood. Existing evidence on the relationship between digital media environment and cardiovascular risk in infants, children, and youth are reported. Potential mechanisms underpinning the relationship between the digital media environment and cardiovascular disease risk in children such as the displacement of movement behaviours, food and beverage marketing to children, and eating while viewing were explored. National and international guidelines aimed at addressing the digital media environment are highlighted, and suggestions for future research and guideline development are provided. Action-oriented professional recommendations for health care providers, families, and children are urgently needed. As the prevalence of screen use in childhood continues to exceed those of past generations, concern about the effects and strategies to reduce harm including cardiovascular outcomes must remain a top public health priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Aglipay
- Department of Pediatrics, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leigh M Vanderloo
- The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine Tombeau Cost
- The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Neurosciences and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan L Maguire
- Department of Pediatrics, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine S Birken
- The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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The Relationship between Physical Activity Levels, Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Academic Achievement School-Age Children from Southern Spain. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12083459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between physical activity (PA), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and academic achievement in young people is unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between PA, CRF and academic achievement in 152 children according to sex (average age of 8.6 ± 0.3 years) in southern Spain. A tri-axial accelerometer was used to measure PA; the 20-m Shuttle Run Test was performed to assess the CRF; and to know the academic achievement, the official school records were considered. The results showed a weak correlation between moderate PA and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) with CRF in boys (all, 0.2 > r < 0.4; p < 0.05), whereas the vigorous PA showed a moderate and weak correlation with CRF (all, p < 0.05), in both boys (r = 0.537) and girls (r = 0.382), respectively. In addition, a weak inverse correlation between moderate PA and MVPA with academic achievement showed in girls (all, 0.2 > r < 0.4; p < 0.05). Finally, the CRF weakly correlated with academic achievement only in boys (all, 0.2 > r < 0.4; p < 0.05). Our study showed a relationship between PA and CRF in both sexes. Nonetheless, the PA was inversely related to academic achievement in girls, whereas the CRF was related to academic achievement in boys.
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Mahadzir MDA, Quek KF, Ramadas A. Process Evaluation of a Nutrition and Lifestyle Behavior Peer Support Program for Adults with Metabolic Syndrome. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17082641. [PMID: 32290570 PMCID: PMC7215631 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors that increases the risk for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Lifestyle intervention is the gold standard of MetS management and prevention. Despite the growing positive influence of peer support-based interventions on management of various chronic diseases, its potential among adults with MetS has not been elucidated. We describe the development and process evaluation of a nutrition and lifestyle behavior “PEeR SUpport program for ADults with mEtabolic syndrome” (PERSUADE) using a systematic five-step approach—(i) review of evidence; (ii) focus group discussions; (iii) behavioral matrix development; (iv) module development; and (v) feasibility and process evaluation. High program adherence was recorded with 81.3% of participants attending all peer sessions. Participants’ content satisfaction score was high (93.3%) while peer leadership score was satisfactory (70.0%). There were significant reductions in all anthropometric and metabolic parameters assessed post intervention, except for diastolic blood pressure. Significant correlations were found between reductions in body fat and triglyceride, and content satisfaction. Peer leadership was only significantly correlated with reduction in triglyceride. Future studies can explore aspects of module interactivity, use of social media, and other means to stimulate consistent engagement of participants, as well as extending the implementations to other lifestyle-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amutha Ramadas
- Correspondence: (M.D.A.M.); (A.R.); Tel.: +60-1-2512-2567 (M.D.A.M.); +60-3-5515-9660 (A.R.)
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Takahashi A, Ohira T, Okazaki K, Yasumura S, Sakai A, Maeda M, Yabe H, Hosoya M, Ohtsuru A, Kawasaki Y, Shimabukuro M, Kazama J, Hashimoto S, Watanabe K, Nakano H, Hayashi F, Ohto H, Kamiya K, Ohira H. Effects of Psychological and Lifestyle Factors on Metabolic Syndrome Following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident: The Fukushima Health Management Survey. J Atheroscler Thromb 2020; 27:1010-1018. [PMID: 32009075 PMCID: PMC7508722 DOI: 10.5551/jat.52225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident dramatically changed the lifestyle of residents who lived near the plant. We evaluated the association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) with specific lifestyle- and disaster-related factors in residents following the accident. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 20,920 residents who underwent both the Comprehensive Health Check and the Mental Health and Lifestyle Survey from June 2011 to March 2012. Associations between MetS and lifestyle- and disaster-related factors, including psychological distress (post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD]), were estimated using logistic regression analysis, adjusted for demographic and lifestyle factors, in 2019. Results: MetS was present in 30.4% of men and 11.5% of women. There were significant differences in smoking, drinking status, and PTSD prevalence between subjects with and without MetS. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age, quitting smoking, and low physical activity were significantly associated with MetS. Moreover, PTSD and light to moderate drinking were also significantly associated with MetS in women. Conclusions: Lifestyle- and disaster-related factors, including PTSD, were associated with MetS among subjects who lived near the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine.,Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey
| | - Tetsuya Ohira
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey.,Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Kanako Okazaki
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey.,Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey.,Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Akira Sakai
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey.,Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Masaharu Maeda
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey.,Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Mitsuaki Hosoya
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey.,Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Akira Ohtsuru
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey.,Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Yukihiko Kawasaki
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey
| | - Michio Shimabukuro
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey.,Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Junichiro Kazama
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey.,Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | | | - Kazuyuki Watanabe
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Hironori Nakano
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey.,Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Fumikazu Hayashi
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey.,Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Hitoshi Ohto
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey
| | - Hiromasa Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
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63
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Liao L, Deng Y, Zhao D. Association of Low Birth Weight and Premature Birth With the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:405. [PMID: 32850529 PMCID: PMC7399155 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of preterm or low birth weight (LBW) with the risk of metabolic syndrome is still unclear. This study aimed to assess the association between preterm or LBW and metabolic syndrome risk according to study or participants' characteristics. PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE were searched for epidemiologic studies on the association published up to April 30, 2020. Pooled odds ratio (ORs) and weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the random-effects model. Low birth weight was associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.17-1.61). In the subgroup analysis by study design, the pooled ORs for LBW and metabolic syndrome in the cohort and cross-sectional studies were 1.79 and 1.22. In the subgroup analysis by sex, LBW was found to be associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome in pooled studies including both men and women or studies including only women. The association between premature birth and risk of metabolic syndrome was significant in cohort studies (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.12-2.65). Also, LBW or preterm was significantly associated with a higher Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (WMD, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.19-0.36). Low birth weight and preterm might be risk factors for metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Youping Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongchi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Yadav R, Yadav RK, Khadgawat R, Pandey RM, Upadhyay AD, Mehta N. Randomized Controlled Trial of A 12-Week Yoga-Based (Including Diet) Lifestyle vs. Dietary Intervention on Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors and Continuous Risk Score in Indian Adults with Metabolic Syndrome. Behav Med 2020; 46:9-20. [PMID: 30615583 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2018.1538098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome, a prediabetic and precardiovascular pathologic condition that begins early in life, tracks into adulthood and magnifies with age. Randomized controlled trials evaluating efficacy of yoga-based lifestyle vs. dietary intervention on metabolic syndrome are lacking. Here, the efficacy of a 12-week yoga-based lifestyle intervention vs. dietary intervention on cardio-metabolic risk factors and metabolic syndrome risk scores have been assessed in Indian adults with metabolic syndrome. In this two-arm, open label, parallel group, randomized controlled trial, 260 adults (20-45 years) diagnosed with metabolic syndrome as per joint interim statement, 2009 were randomized to yoga-based (including diet) lifestyle or dietary intervention alone (n = 130, each) for 12 weeks. Primary endpoints were the 12-week changes in cardio-metabolic risk factors and metabolic risk scores. The secondary endpoints were the 12-week changes in the proportion of subjects recovered from metabolic syndrome, dietary intake, and physical activity. Intent-to-treat analysis was performed including all the subjects with baseline data with imputed missing data. Treatment × time interaction showed yoga-based lifestyle intervention had a greater treatment effect over dietary intervention by significantly reducing waist circumference, continuous metabolic syndrome z-score, and dietary intake/day while significantly increasing physical activity. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol showed a significantly greater reduction following dietary intervention than yoga-based lifestyle intervention. A significantly greater proportion of subjects recovered from metabolic syndrome in yoga-based lifestyle (45.4%) vs. dietary intervention group (32.3%). A 12-week yoga-based lifestyle intervention is more efficacious than usual dietary intervention in improving cardio-metabolic risk factor and metabolic risk score in Indian adults with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Yadav
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Raj Kumar Yadav
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Khadgawat
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravindra Mohan Pandey
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Datt Upadhyay
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nalin Mehta
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Vancampfort D, Van Damme T, Firth J, Hallgren M, Smith L, Stubbs B, Rosenbaum S, Koyanagi A. Correlates of leisure-time sedentary behavior among 181,793 adolescents aged 12-15 years from 66 low- and middle-income countries. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224339. [PMID: 31725744 PMCID: PMC6855478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behavior is a growing public health concern in young adolescents from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, a paucity of multinational studies, particularly in LMICs, have investigated correlates of leisure-time sedentary behavior (LTSB) in young adolescents. In the current study, we assessed socio-demographic, socio-economic, socio-cultural and health behavior related correlates of LTSB among adolescents aged 12-15 years who participated in the Global school-based Student Health Survey (GSHS). METHODS Self-reported LTSB, which was a composite variable assessing time spent sitting and watching television, playing computer games, talking with friends during a typical day excluding the hours spent sitting at school and doing homework, was analyzed in 181,793 adolescents from 66 LMICs [mean (SD) age 13.8 (1.0) years; 49% girls). Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the potential LTSB correlates. RESULTS The overall prevalence of ≥3 hours/day of LTSB was 26.4% (95%CI = 25.6%-27.2%). Increasing age (OR = 1.14; 95%CI = 1.11-1.17), past 30-day smoking (OR = 1.85; 95%CI = 1.69-2.03), alcohol consumption (OR = 2.01; 95%CI = 1.85-2.18), and bullying victimization (OR = 1.39; 95%CI = 1.31-1.48) were positively associated with increased LTSB across the entire sample of 181,793 adolescents. Food insecurity (OR = 0.93; 95%CI = 0.89-0.97) and low parental support/monitoring (OR = 0.91; 95%CI = 0.85-0.98) were negatively associated with LTSB. There were some variations in the correlates between countries. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that in adolescents aged 12 to 15 years living in LMICs, LTSB is a complex and multi-dimensional behavior determined by socio-demograhic, sociocultural, socio-economic, and health behavior related factors. Future longitudinal data are required to confirm/refute these findings, and to inform interventions which aim to reduce sedentary levels in adolescents living in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Vancampfort
- KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Tine Van Damme
- KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joseph Firth
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia Department of Public Health Sciences, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Lee Smith
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Rosenbaum
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
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66
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Vancampfort D, Van Damme T, Firth J, Smith L, Stubbs B, Rosenbaum S, Hallgren M, Hagemann N, Koyanagi A. Correlates of physical activity among 142,118 adolescents aged 12-15 years from 48 low- and middle-income countries. Prev Med 2019; 127:105819. [PMID: 31445918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Physical inactivity is a serious public health concern in adolescents from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite this, only a few multinational studies has investigated correlates of physical activity (PA) in young adolescents in this part of the world. In this study, we identified physical activity correlates using data from the Global school-based Student Health Survey. In total, 142,118 adolescents from 48 LMICs (age 13.8 ± 1.0 years; 49% girls) were included in the analyses. PA was assessed by the PACE+ Adolescent Physical Activity Measure and participants were dichotomised into those who do (60 min of moderate-vigorous PA every day of the week) and do not comply with the World Health Organization recommendations. We used multivariable logistic regression in order to assess the correlates. The prevalence of low PA was 15.3% (95%CI = 14.5%-16.1%). Boys (OR = 1.64; 95%CI = 1.47-1.83) and those who participated in physical education for ≥5 days/week (OR = 1.12; 95%CI = 1.10-1.15) were more likely to meet PA guidelines, while adolescents with food insecurity (OR = 0.85; 95%CI = 0.80-0.90), low fruit and vegetable intake (OR = 0.68; 95%CI = 0.63-0.74), low parental support/monitoring (OR = 0.68; 95%CI = 0.62-0.74), no friends (OR = 0.80; 95%CI = 0.72-0.88), and who experienced bullying (OR = 0.93; 95%CI = 0.86-0.99) were less likely to have adequate levels of PA. There were a few variations in the correlates depending on country-income level. Our data indicate that in adolescents aged 12 to 15 years living in LMICs physical activity participation is a complex and multi-dimensional behavior determined by sociocultural, socio-economic, and policy-related factors. Longitudinal research is needed to confirm/refute the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Vancampfort
- KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium.
| | - Tine Van Damme
- KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joseph Firth
- NICM Health Research Institute, School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Australia; Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lee Smith
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom; Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Rosenbaum
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mats Hallgren
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Noemi Hagemann
- KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
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Barnett TA, Kelly AS, Young DR, Perry CK, Pratt CA, Edwards NM, Rao G, Vos MB. Sedentary Behaviors in Today's Youth: Approaches to the Prevention and Management of Childhood Obesity: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2019; 138:e142-e159. [PMID: 30354382 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This scientific statement is about sedentary behavior and its relationship to obesity and other cardiometabolic outcomes in youth. A deleterious effect of sedentary behavior on cardiometabolic health is most notable for screen-based behaviors and adiposity; however, this relation is less apparent for other cardiometabolic outcomes or when sedentary time is measured with objective movement counters or position monitors. Increasing trends of screen time are concerning; the portability of screen-based devices and abundant access to unlimited programming and online content may be leading to new patterns of consumption that are exposing youth to multiple pathways harmful to cardiometabolic health. This American Heart Association scientific statement provides an updated perspective on sedentary behaviors specific to modern youth and their impact on cardiometabolic health and obesity. As we reflect on implications for practice, research, and policy, what emerges is the importance of understanding the context in which sedentary behaviors occur. There is also a need to capture the nature of sedentary behavior more accurately, both quantitatively and qualitatively, especially with respect to recreational screen-based devices. Further evidence is required to better inform public health interventions and to establish detailed quantitative guidelines on specific sedentary behaviors in youth. In the meantime, we suggest that televisions and other recreational screen-based devices be removed from bedrooms and absent during meal times. Daily device-free social interactions and outdoor play should be encouraged. In addition, parents/guardians should be supported to devise and enforce appropriate screen time regulations and to model healthy screen-based behaviors.
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68
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Park YH, Kim W, Park JH, Kim HJ. Impact of metabolic syndrome on patient outcomes of supination-external rotation ankle fracture. Injury 2019; 50:1388-1391. [PMID: 31176479 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2019.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome has been known as a risk factor for morbidity following orthopedic procedures, yet its impact on surgical treatment of ankle fractures remains unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the patient outcomes of surgical treatment of supination-external rotation ankle fractures in patients with and without metabolic syndrome. This study was designed as a retrospective matched case-control study. Forty-nine patients with supination-external rotation ankle fracture and metabolic syndrome were age-, sex-, and fracture type-matched with 49 controls without metabolic syndrome. Olerud-Molander Ankle Score (OMAS), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Kellgren and Lawrence (K&L) scale, and complications were assessed at final follow-up. The mean postoperative follow-up was 19.5 months (range, 13-44). The OMAS measurements in the metabolic syndrome group were lower than those in the control group (p = 0.006) and the VAS for pain measurements in the metabolic syndrome group were greater than those in the control group (p < 0.001). The K&L scale and complications did not differ significantly between the two groups. Patients with metabolic syndrome are at risk for higher pain scores and lower functional outcomes after surgical treatment for supination-external rotation ankle fracture. These results suggest that metabolic syndrome should be treated together with ankle fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hwan Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Woon Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Ji Hun Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Hak Jun Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
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Khan MA, Shah SM, Shehab A, Ghosal S, Muhairi SJ, Al-Rifai RH, Al Maskari F, Alkaabi J, Nauman J. Screen time and metabolic syndrome among expatriate adolescents in the United Arab Emirates. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:2565-2569. [PMID: 31405677 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both screen time and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with health outcomes. However, limited data exist on the association between screen time and MetS among expatriate adolescents living in United Arab Emirates (UAE). METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional school-based study on 473 expatriate adolescents (47% girls) aged 12-18 years in Al-Ain district of Abu Dhabi Emirates in the UAE. Data was collected with the expertise of trained nurses & IDF criteria was used to define MetS. Information on screen time (computer, television, and video game use combined) during a regular day was self-reported, and divided into two categories: <2, or ≥2 h per day. Using logistic regression analyses, adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for the association between screen time and MetS. RESULTS A high proportion of adolescents (75.3%) spent ≥2 h daily on screen. The prevalence of MetS was 8.5% in those with <2 h per day of screen time compared with 13.5% in those who reported ≥2 h per day. There was a graded positive association between screen time and MetS (P-trend = 0.01). Each hour increase in screen time was associated with 21% (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.08-1.35) greater likelihood of having MetS. The adjusted OR value associated with ≥2 h of daily screen time was 2.20 (95% CI, 1.04-4.67), compared with adolescents who spent less than 2 h of daily screen time. CONCLUSION Higher screen time by expatriate adolescents was associated with increased likelihood of having MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moien Ab Khan
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Syed M Shah
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdullah Shehab
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Shamma J Muhairi
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rami H Al-Rifai
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatima Al Maskari
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates; Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates
| | - Juma Alkaabi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Javaid Nauman
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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Palmer-Keenan DM, Bair K. Research to Support the Development of a Campaign to Increase Physical Activity Among Low-Income, Urban, Diverse, Inactive Teens. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2019; 51:703-710. [PMID: 30910316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To ascertain inactive teens' insights regarding the types of physical activities (PAs) they would be willing to do, and to inform a Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education PA social marketing campaign targeting this audience. DESIGN Formative, qualitative research via focus groups. SETTING Low-income, urban New Jersey areas between September, 2013 and April, 2014. PARTICIPANTS Low-income, urban, ethnically diverse, inactive teens. PHENOMENON OF INTEREST Teens' favored PAs and insights into how to develop a successful marketing campaign. ANALYSIS Edited audio-transcriptions were coded and a constant comparative analysis was employed to identify emergent themes. RESULTS Data from 5 focus groups' teens (n = 31), 58% of whom were Hispanic, 23% of whom were African American, and 19% of whom were of mixed race, revealed 3 themes. To be appealing, PAs (1) must be fun (eg, dancing, with friends and families) and (2) need to be comfortable (indoors, not sweaty, not physically competitive or embarrassing), and (3) they must be promoted by "cool" and relatable people (eg, teens like themselves or young comedians). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Nutrition and health educators and social marketers may be well advised to consider the unique preferences of inactive teens to improve their PA levels. Additional research in varied geographic regions is advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra M Palmer-Keenan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ.
| | - Kerry Bair
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
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71
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Vancampfort D, Ashdown-Franks G, Smith L, Firth J, Van Damme T, Christiaansen L, Stubbs B, Koyanagi A. Leisure-time sedentary behavior and loneliness among 148,045 adolescents aged 12-15 years from 52 low- and middle-income countries. J Affect Disord 2019; 251:149-155. [PMID: 30925265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness is widespread in adolescents and associated with a myriad of adverse physical and mental health outcomes. Exploring variables associated with loneliness is important for the development of targeted interventions. The aim of the current study was to explore associations between leisure-time sedentary behavior (LTSB) and loneliness in adolescents from 52 low- and middle-income countries. METHODS Data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey were analyzed. Data on past 12-month self-perceived loneliness and LTSB were collected. Multivariable logistic regression and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the associations. RESULTS Among 148,045 adolescents (mean age 13.7± SD 1.0 years; 48.5% female), the prevalence of loneliness increased from 8.7% among those with 1-2 h/day of LTSB to 17.5% among those spending >8 h/day sedentary. Compared to those who engage in less than 1 h of LTSB per day, the OR (95%CI) of loneliness for 1-2 h/day, 3-4 h/day, 5-8 h/day and >8 h/day were 1.00 (0.91-1.11), 1.29 (1.15-1.45), 1.37 (1.17-1.61), and 1.66 (1.39-1.99), respectively. LIMITATIONS The study is cross-sectional, therefore the directionality of the relationships cannot be deduced. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that LTSB is associated with increased odds for feeling lonely in adolescence. Future longitudinal data are required to confirm/refute the findings to inform public health campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Vancampfort
- KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven-Kortenberg, Belgium.
| | - Garcia Ashdown-Franks
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom; Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lee Smith
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Firth
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia; Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tine Van Damme
- KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven-Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Lore Christiaansen
- KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Centre of Contextual Psychiatry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically examine the evidence of harms and benefits relating to time spent on screens for children and young people's (CYP) health and well-being, to inform policy. METHODS Systematic review of reviews undertaken to answer the question 'What is the evidence for health and well-being effects of screentime in children and adolescents (CYP)?' Electronic databases were searched for systematic reviews in February 2018. Eligible reviews reported associations between time on screens (screentime; any type) and any health/well-being outcome in CYP. Quality of reviews was assessed and strength of evidence across reviews evaluated. RESULTS 13 reviews were identified (1 high quality, 9 medium and 3 low quality). 6 addressed body composition; 3 diet/energy intake; 7 mental health; 4 cardiovascular risk; 4 for fitness; 3 for sleep; 1 pain; 1 asthma. We found moderately strong evidence for associations between screentime and greater obesity/adiposity and higher depressive symptoms; moderate evidence for an association between screentime and higher energy intake, less healthy diet quality and poorer quality of life. There was weak evidence for associations of screentime with behaviour problems, anxiety, hyperactivity and inattention, poorer self-esteem, poorer well-being and poorer psychosocial health, metabolic syndrome, poorer cardiorespiratory fitness, poorer cognitive development and lower educational attainments and poor sleep outcomes. There was no or insufficient evidence for an association of screentime with eating disorders or suicidal ideation, individual cardiovascular risk factors, asthma prevalence or pain. Evidence for threshold effects was weak. We found weak evidence that small amounts of daily screen use is not harmful and may have some benefits. CONCLUSIONS There is evidence that higher levels of screentime is associated with a variety of health harms for CYP, with evidence strongest for adiposity, unhealthy diet, depressive symptoms and quality of life. Evidence to guide policy on safe CYP screentime exposure is limited. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018089483.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neza Stiglic
- Population, policy and practice research programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Russell M Viner
- Population, policy and practice research programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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73
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Cabanas-Sánchez V, Martínez-Gómez D, Esteban-Cornejo I, Pérez-Bey A, Castro Piñero J, Veiga OL. Associations of total sedentary time, screen time and non-screen sedentary time with adiposity and physical fitness in youth: the mediating effect of physical activity. J Sports Sci 2018; 37:839-849. [PMID: 30326777 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1530058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The aims of the present study were: i) to examine the associations of total accelerometer-based sedentary time (ST) and specific-domain self-reported ST (i.e., screen-based, educational-based, social-based, and other-based ST) with adiposity and physical fitness in youth; and ii) to analyse the mediation effect of physical activity (PA) on associations. This study was conducted with 415 children (9.1 ± 0.4 years) and 853 adolescents (13.6 ± 1.6 years) in Spain during 2011-2012. Total ST and PA were assessed by accelerometry. Leisure-time spent in twelve sedentary behaviours was self-reported. Adiposity and physical fitness was measured following the ALPHA battery for youth. Total accelerometer-based ST was positively associated with global adiposity score in children, and negatively associated with global physical fitness score in children and adolescents; but relationships were not independent of PA. PA mediated all associations of accelerometer-based and self-reported ST with adiposity or physical fitness in children. Conversely, screen-, educational-, social-, and other-based ST were negatively related to physical fitness in adolescents, independently of PA. These findings give an impetus to developing effective strategies for specifically promoting PA in children and for increasing PA while reducing ST in adolescents in order to produce improvements on adiposity and physical fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Cabanas-Sánchez
- a Department of Physical Education, Sports and Human Movement , Autonomous University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain.,b Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - David Martínez-Gómez
- a Department of Physical Education, Sports and Human Movement , Autonomous University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain.,c IMDEA Food Institute , CEI UAM + CSIC , Madrid , Spain
| | - Irene Esteban-Cornejo
- d Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Department of Psychology , Northeastern University , Boston , MA , USA.,e PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" research group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Bey
- f Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences , University of Cadiz , Cádiz , Spain
| | - José Castro Piñero
- f Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences , University of Cadiz , Cádiz , Spain
| | - Oscar L Veiga
- a Department of Physical Education, Sports and Human Movement , Autonomous University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
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74
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Oliveira RGD, Guedes DP. Physical Fitness and Metabolic Syndrome in Brazilian Adolescents: Validity of Diagnostic Health Criteria. Percept Mot Skills 2018; 125:1140-1159. [PMID: 30217125 DOI: 10.1177/0031512518799808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We tested health criteria cutoff points from physical fitness variables proposed by the Fitnessgram program for detecting metabolic syndrome ( MetS) in a representative sample of 1,035 Brazilian adolescents (565 girls and 470 boys) aged 12-20 years. We studied five fitness tests: (a) back-saver sit and reach, (b) trunk lift, (c) curl-up, (d) push-up, and (e) progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance run ( PACER), and we defined MetS through the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. We described the predictive performance of each fitness test in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve ( AUC) estimates of the receiver operating characteristic method. The AUCs for four tests ( back-saver sit and reach, trunk lift, curl-up, and push-up) revealed low accuracy for identifying MetS in both sexes (0.50 ≥ AUC ≤ 0.60), but AUCs for the PACER test demonstrated good accuracy values between 0.72 (0.68-0.76) and 0.83 (0.78-0.89). Thus, cutoff points proposed in the Fitnessgram program for the PACER test offer an effective means of screening adolescents at higher cardiometabolic risk, which, for the age-group used in this study, should be from 40.3-44.3 ml/kg/min for boys and 38.6-40.1 ml/kg/min for girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael G de Oliveira
- 1 Universidade Norte do Paraná, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,2 Health Sciences Center, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, Jacarezinho, Paraná, Brazil
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75
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Suebsamran P, Pimpak T, Thani P, Chamnan P. The Metabolic Syndrome and Health Behaviors in School Children Aged 13-16 Years in Ubon Ratchathani: UMeSIA Project. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2018; 16:425-432. [PMID: 30106601 DOI: 10.1089/met.2017.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become a significant public health problem worldwide, little evidence exists to describe the prevalence of MetS in school children using MetS different classifications, and its association with health-related behaviors. METHODS Using data on 393 children and adolescents aged 13-16 years participating in the Ubon Ratchathani Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescent (UMeSIA) Project, the prevalence of MetS was determined using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) 2007 definition and other three classifications reported in the previous literature. The prevalence of the MetS was compared across sex, a family history of diabetes, type of schools, and health behaviors using chi-square test. The prevalence of MetS and proportion of abnormalities in MetS components were compared across different MetS classifications using Cochran Q test. RESULTS The prevalence of MetS in Thai school children was 3.1%, 5.8%, 6.9%, and 11.2% when using IDF, Cook's, Ford's, and De Ferranti's classifications respectively (Difference in MetS prevalence across the four MetS classifications, P < 0.001). Using IDF classification, prevalence was higher in male than female students (5.9% and 1.2%, respectively, P < 0.001) and higher in those with a family history of diabetes than those without (8.5% and 2.3%, respectively, P < 0.001). Students from a sports school had considerably lower MetS prevalence than those from conventional schools (1.9% and 3.5% respectively, P < 0.001). Those with MetS spent significantly longer time watching TV than those without (median (interquartile range) time to watch TV 180.0 (120.0, 240.0) and 120.0 (60.0, 180.0) min per day respectively, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of MetS in Thai school children was modest and varied greatly when different MetS definitions were applied. Interventions to optimize time spent watching TV and increase physical activity may be beneficial in reducing the risk of the MetS in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phalakorn Suebsamran
- 1 College of Medicine and Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani University , Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
| | - Taksin Pimpak
- 1 College of Medicine and Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani University , Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
| | - Patnapa Thani
- 1 College of Medicine and Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani University , Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
| | - Parinya Chamnan
- 2 Ubon Ratchathani Provincial Public Health Office , Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand .,3 Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Social Medicine, Sanpasithipasong Hospital , Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
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76
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Oliveira RGD, Guedes DP. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS AND METABOLIC SYNDROME IN ADOLESCENTS. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220182404174502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) has been associated with sedentary behavior, low levels of physical activity and of cardiorespiratory fitness. However, in adolescents the results are conflicting. Objective: To measure the association between sedentary behavior, physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and MetS in a representative sample of adolescents. Methods: The sample consisted of 1,035 adolescents (565 girls and 470 boys) between 12 and 20 years of age. Sedentary behavior was treated through recreational screen time, while information equivalent to physical activity was considered through the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents. The maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), estimated through PACER performance, was used as an indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness. MetS was identified using the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. Results: Adolescents of both sexes identified with MetS had significantly longer recreational screen time and lower VO2max than their unidentified MetS peers. Scores equivalent to the level of physical activity undertaken by adolescents identified and not identified with MetS were statistically similar. Probabilistically, adolescents with high recreational screen time and low VO2max had, respectively, 79% [OR = 1.79; 95% CI 1.10 – 2.82] and 95% [OR = 1.95; 95% CI 1.20 – 3.09] greater odds of being identified with MetS. Conclusion: The findings indicate consistent and significant associations between longer recreational screen time, low VO2max values and high prevalence of MetS, which suggests specific interventions designed to help minimize cardiometabolic risk exposure from a very early age. Level of Evidence III; Prognostic Studies - Investigating the Effect of a Patient's Characteristics on the Disease Outcome.
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77
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Correlates of metabolic syndrome among young Brazilian adolescents population. Nutr J 2018; 17:66. [PMID: 29980231 PMCID: PMC6035391 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-018-0371-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Findings available in literature indicate that metabolic syndrome (MetS) diagnosed in young ages tends to remain in adulthood. The aim of the study was to identify demographic, nutritional, anthropometric and behavioral correlates of MetS in a sample of adolescents from Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Methodology This is a cross-sectional school-based study involving 274 participants aged 12–18 years (186 girls and 88 boys). Anthropometric measurements were performed and a questionnaire with structured questions was applied for data collection. MetS was identified according to criteria proposed by the International Diabetes Federation. Data were statistically treated using bivariate analysis and hierarchical multiple regression. Results The proportion of adolescents identified with MetS was equivalent to 4.7% [95% CI (3.6–6.0)]. Multivariate analysis showed that older age (OR = 1.22 [1.04–1.73]) and higher economic class (OR = 1.25 [1.07–1.96]) were significantly associated with MetS. Among behavioral factors, longer recreational screen time (OR = 1.26 [1.05–1.94]) and low fruits/vegetables intake (OR = 1.49 [1.23–2.41]) were independently associated with MetS. Likewise, excess body weight (OR = 1.52 [1.24–2.41]) was significantly associated with the outcome. Conclusion The high proportion of adolescents with MetS and the identification of their correlates reinforce the need for early life style intervention and awareness programs in this population group.
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78
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Sugie M, Harada K, Takahashi T, Nara M, Ishikawa J, Tanaka J, Koyama T, Fujimoto H, Obuchi S, Kyo S, Ito H. Relationship between hand grip strength and peak VO2 in community-dwelling elderly outpatients. JCSM CLINICAL REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.17987/jcsm-cr.v3i1.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hand grip strength and peak oxygen uptake (VO2) are important components of frailty. However, the relationship between these two variables among community-dwelling elderly people is still unclear. The present study aimed to investigate this relationship.Methods: Participants were 190 Japanese community-dwelling elderly outpatients (61 men and 129 women, mean age 78.0 years). Hand grip strength of participants’ dominant hand was measured using a Smedley-type hand dynamometer. Peak VO2 levels were assessed with a cardiopulmonary exercise test. Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and usual walking speed were assessed physiologically and physically. Sample size was calculated using G*Power 3.1.9.2.Results: There were significant correlations between hand grip strength and age (r = −0.22), peak VO2 (r = 0.40), SMI (r = 0.51), and usual walking speed (r = 0.29). There were significant differences in age, peak VO2 and SMI after participants were divided into normal and low hand grip strength groups according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia threshold, whether both sexes were combined or considered separately. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that peak VO2, SMI and age were independent determinants of hand grip strength after adjusting for potential confounders (Exp(B) = 0.871; 0.475; 1.065). Longitudinal analysis after 6 months of exercise training showed the percentage of change in hand grip strength and peak VO2 were correlated positively (r = 0.22) for 92 participants. Conclusion: Peak VO2 is independently associated with hand grip strength among community-dwelling elderly outpatients.
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79
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Sahrmann S, Azevedo DC, Dillen LV. Diagnosis and treatment of movement system impairment syndromes. Braz J Phys Ther 2017; 21:391-399. [PMID: 29097026 PMCID: PMC5693453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnoses and treatments based on movement system impairment syndromes were developed to guide physical therapy treatment. OBJECTIVES This masterclass aims to describe the concepts on that are the basis of the syndromes and treatment and to provide the current research on movement system impairment syndromes. RESULTS The conceptual basis of the movement system impairment syndromes is that sustained alignment in a non-ideal position and repeated movements in a specific direction are thought to be associated with several musculoskeletal conditions. Classification into movement system impairment syndromes and treatment has been described for all body regions. The classification involves interpreting data from standardized tests of alignments and movements. Treatment is based on correcting the impaired alignment and movement patterns as well as correcting the tissue adaptations associated with the impaired alignment and movement patterns. The reliability and validity of movement system impairment syndromes have been partially tested. Although several case reports involving treatment using the movement system impairment syndromes concept have been published, efficacy of treatment based on movement system impairment syndromes has not been tested in randomized controlled trials, except in people with chronic low back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Sahrmann
- Washington University School of Medicine, Program in Physical Therapy, St. Louis, USA.
| | - Daniel C Azevedo
- Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), Masters and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (PUC-MG), Departamento de Fisioterapia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Linda Van Dillen
- Washington University School of Medicine, Program in Physical Therapy, St. Louis, USA
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Pereira S, Katzmarzyk PT, Gomes TN, Souza M, Chaves RN, Santos FK, Santos D, Bustamante A, Barreira TV, Hedeker D, Maia JA. Resemblance in physical activity levels: The Portuguese sibling study on growth, fitness, lifestyle, and health. Am J Hum Biol 2017; 30. [PMID: 28925585 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationships of biological, behavioral, familial, and environmental characteristics with siblings´ physical activity (PA) levels as well as the intrapair resemblance in PA. METHODS The sample comprises 834 (390 females) biological siblings [brother-brother (BB), sister-sister (SS), brother-sister (BS)] aged 9 to 20 years. Total PA index (TPAI) was estimated by questionnaire. Information on potential behavioral, familial, and environmental correlates was obtained by self-report; body mass index (BMI), biological maturation, and physical fitness were measured. Multilevel models were used to analyze siblings´ clustered data, and sibling resemblance was estimated with the intraclass correlation (ρ). RESULTS On average, younger sibs, those more physically fit, and those with more parental support had greater TPAI. Further, BB pairs had higher TPAI levels than SS or BS pairs, but also had greater within-pair variance. When adjusted for all covariates, SS pairs demonstrated greater resemblance in TPAI (ρ = 0.53, 95%CI = 0.38-0.68) than BS (ρ = 0.26, 95%CI = 0.14-0.43) or BB pairs (ρ = 0.18, 95%CI = 0.06-0.44). CONCLUSIONS Age, physical fitness, and parental support were the best predictors of TPAI levels. A moderate level of resemblance in TPAI was observed in SS pairs, while lower resemblance was found for BS and BB pairs. These findings may be due to differences in the roles of shared genetic factors, familial, and environmental characteristics across different sibling types.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pereira
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, 4099-002, Portugal
| | - P T Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70808
| | - T N Gomes
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, 4099-002, Portugal
| | - M Souza
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Brazil
| | - R N Chaves
- Federal University of Technology-Paraná (UTFPR), Campus Curitiba, 80230-901, Brazil
| | - F K Santos
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-16 900, Brazil
| | - D Santos
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, 4099-002, Portugal
| | - A Bustamante
- National University of Education Enrique Guzmán y Valle, Lima, Peru
| | - T V Barreira
- School of Education, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, 13244
| | - D Hedeker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637
| | - J A Maia
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, 4099-002, Portugal
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Wang K, Ye P, Wang X, Wang D, Wu Y, Li J, Chen Q. Associations of PPAR-γ , APM1 and APOC1 gene polymorphisms with metabolic syndrome in children: A case-control study. Meta Gene 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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82
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Castro-Quezada I, Angulo-Estrada S, Sánchez-Villegas A, Ruiz-López MD, Artacho R, Serra-Majem L, Shamah-Levy T. Glycemic index, glycemic load, and metabolic syndrome in Mexican adolescents: a cross-sectional study from the NHNS-2012. BMC Nutr 2017; 3:44. [PMID: 32153824 PMCID: PMC7050917 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-017-0162-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of dietary glycemic index (GI) and dietary glycemic load (GL) on metabolic syndrome (MetS) in youth populations remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association among dietary GI, dietary GL, and MetS and its components in Mexican adolescents. METHODS This study was conducted within the framework of the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012, a cross-sectional, probabilistic, population-based survey with a multistage stratified cluster sampling design. We analyzed a sample of 1346 subjects aged 12-19 years, representing 13,164,077 adolescents. Dietary habits were assessed through a validated semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. We assigned GI values using the International Tables of GI values. We defined MetS according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria developed for adolescents. Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the association between categories of dietary GI and GL and the prevalence of MetS and its components. RESULTS We observed no associations between dietary GI or GL and MetS prevalence. Female adolescents in the highest category of dietary GI had higher odds of abnormal blood pressure (OR = 3.66; 95% CI, 1.46-9.22; P for trend = 0.012). A high dietary GL was also associated with higher odds of abnormal blood pressure in female adolescents (OR = 5.67; 95% CI, 1.84-17.46; P for trend = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS We found higher odds of abnormal blood pressure for female adolescents with a high dietary GI and dietary GL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itandehui Castro-Quezada
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Luis Pasteur s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de la Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Salomón Angulo-Estrada
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Universidad No. 655, Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - Almudena Sánchez-Villegas
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Luis Pasteur s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Dolores Ruiz-López
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de la Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technologies, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Reyes Artacho
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de la Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Luis Pasteur s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Shamah-Levy
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Universidad No. 655, Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
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