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Arboviruses and Muscle Disorders: From Disease to Cell Biology. Viruses 2020; 12:v12060616. [PMID: 32516914 PMCID: PMC7354517 DOI: 10.3390/v12060616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections due to arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) have dramatically increased worldwide during the last few years. In humans, symptoms associated with acute infection of most arboviruses are often described as "dengue-like syndrome", including fever, rash, conjunctivitis, arthralgia, and muscular symptoms such as myalgia, myositis, or rhabdomyolysis. In some cases, muscular symptoms may persist over months, especially following flavivirus and alphavirus infections. However, in humans the cellular targets of infection in muscle have been rarely identified. Animal models provide insights to elucidate pathological mechanisms through studying viral tropism, viral-induced inflammation, or potential viral persistence in the muscle compartment. The tropism of arboviruses for muscle cells as well as the viral-induced cytopathic effect and cellular alterations can be confirmed in vitro using cellular models. This review describes the link between muscle alterations and arbovirus infection, and the underlying mechanisms.
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Turpin J, Frumence E, Harrabi W, Haddad JG, El Kalamouni C, Desprès P, Krejbich-Trotot P, Viranaïcken W. Zika virus subversion of chaperone GRP78/BiP expression in A549 cells during UPR activation. Biochimie 2020; 175:99-105. [PMID: 32464166 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Flaviviruses replicate in membranous factories associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Significant levels of flavivirus polyprotein integration contribute to ER stress and the host cell may exhibit an Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) to this protein accumulation, stimulating appropriate cellular responses such as adaptation, autophagy or cell death. These different stress responses support other antiviral strategies initiated by infected cells and can help to overcome viral infection. In epithelial A549 cells, a model currently used to study the flavivirus infection cycle and the host cell responses, all three pathways leading to UPR are activated during infection by Dengue virus (DENV), Yellow Fever virus (YFV) or West Nile virus (WNV). In the present study, we investigated the capacity of ZIKA virus (ZIKV) to induce ER stress in A549 cells. We observed that the cells respond to ZIKV infection by implementing an UPR through activation of the IRE1 and PERK pathway without activation of the ATF6 branch. By modulating the ER stress response, we found that UPR inducers significantly inhibit ZIKV replication. Interestingly, our findings provide evidence that ZIKV could manipulate the UPR to escape this host cell defence system by downregulating GRP78/BiP expression. This subversion of GRP78 expression could lead to unresolved and persistent ER stress which can be a benefit for virus growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Turpin
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, PIMIT, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme CYROI, 2, Rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, Ile de La Réunion, France
| | - Etienne Frumence
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, PIMIT, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme CYROI, 2, Rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, Ile de La Réunion, France
| | - Wissal Harrabi
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, PIMIT, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme CYROI, 2, Rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, Ile de La Réunion, France
| | - Juliano G Haddad
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, PIMIT, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme CYROI, 2, Rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, Ile de La Réunion, France
| | - Chaker El Kalamouni
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, PIMIT, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme CYROI, 2, Rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, Ile de La Réunion, France
| | - Philippe Desprès
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, PIMIT, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme CYROI, 2, Rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, Ile de La Réunion, France
| | - Pascale Krejbich-Trotot
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, PIMIT, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme CYROI, 2, Rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, Ile de La Réunion, France.
| | - Wildriss Viranaïcken
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, PIMIT, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme CYROI, 2, Rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, Ile de La Réunion, France.
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Caldas LA, Azevedo RC, da Silva JL, de Souza W. Microscopy analysis of Zika virus morphogenesis in mammalian cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8370. [PMID: 32433502 PMCID: PMC7239924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65409-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus that recently emerged in the Americas as an important pathogen mainly because of its expanded pathogenesis, and elevated tropism for neuronal cells, transposition across the placental barrier, and replication in reproductive tract cells. Thus, transmission modes are eventually independent of an invertebrate vector, which is an atypical behavior for the flavivirus genus and indicates the need to study the replication of this virus in different cell types. Although ZIKV became a target for public health programs, the interaction of this flavivirus with the infected cell is still poorly understood. Herein, we analyzed the main stages of virus morphogenesis in mammalian cells, from establishment of the viroplasm-like zone to viral release from infected cells, using super-resolution fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy. In addition, we compared this with other host cell types and other members of the Flaviviridae family that present a similar dynamic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Ayres Caldas
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Prédio CCS, Bloco C, subsolo, CEP:21941902, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem. Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373. Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Bloco M, Unidade 3, Cidade Universitária, CEP:21941902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Renata Campos Azevedo
- Laboratório de Interação Vírus-Célula, Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Prédio CCS, Bloco I, subsolo, CEP:21941902, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jerson Lima da Silva
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Laboratório de Termodinâmica de Proteínas e Estruturas Virais Gregório Weber, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Prédio CCS, Bloco E, sala 10, Cidade Universitária, CEP:21941902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Wanderley de Souza
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Prédio CCS, Bloco C, subsolo, CEP:21941902, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem. Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373. Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Bloco M, Unidade 3, Cidade Universitária, CEP:21941902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Gobillot TA, Humes D, Sharma A, Kikawa C, Overbaugh J. The Robust Restriction of Zika Virus by Type-I Interferon in A549 Cells Varies by Viral Lineage and Is Not Determined by IFITM3. Viruses 2020; 12:v12050503. [PMID: 32370187 PMCID: PMC7290589 DOI: 10.3390/v12050503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-I interferon (IFN-I) is a major antiviral host response but its impact on Zika virus (ZIKV) replication is not well defined, particularly as it relates to different circulating strains. Interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) that inhibit ZIKV, such as IFITM3, have been identified largely using overexpression studies. Here, we tested whether diverse ZIKV strains differed in their susceptibility to IFN-I-mediated restriction and the contribution of IFITM3 to this restriction. We identified a robust IFN-I-mediated antiviral effect on ZIKV replication (>100-fold reduction) in A549 cells, a commonly used cell line to study ZIKV replication. The extent of inhibition depended on the IFN-I type and the virus strain tested. Viruses from the American pathogenic outbreak were more sensitive to IFNα (p = 0.049) and IFNβ (p = 0.09) than African-lineage strains, which have not been linked to severe pathogenesis. Knocking out IFITM3 expression did not dampen the IFN-I antiviral effect and only high overexpression of IFITM3 led to ZIKV inhibition. Moreover, IFITM3 expression levels in different cells were not associated with IFN-mediated ZIKV inhibition. Taken together, our findings indicate that there is a robust IFN-I-mediated antiviral effect on ZIKV infection, particularly for American viruses, that is not due to IFITM3. A549 cells, which are a commonly used cell line to study ZIKV replication, present an opportunity for the discovery of novel antiviral ISGs against ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore A. Gobillot
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (T.A.G.); (D.H.); (A.S.); (C.K.)
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Daryl Humes
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (T.A.G.); (D.H.); (A.S.); (C.K.)
| | - Amit Sharma
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (T.A.G.); (D.H.); (A.S.); (C.K.)
| | - Caroline Kikawa
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (T.A.G.); (D.H.); (A.S.); (C.K.)
| | - Julie Overbaugh
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (T.A.G.); (D.H.); (A.S.); (C.K.)
- Correspondence:
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55
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Huang Y, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Liu C, Zheng J, Qin Q, Huang X. Autophagy Participates in Lysosomal Vacuolation-Mediated Cell Death in RGNNV-Infected Cells. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:790. [PMID: 32425913 PMCID: PMC7212415 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is the etiological agent of viral nervous necrosis (VNN), also known as viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER), which results in heavy economic losses to the aquaculture industry worldwide. Dramatic cytoplasmic vacuoles were observed during NNV infection both in vitro and in vivo; however, the origin and mechanism of cytoplasmic vacuolization remains unknown. In this report, we found that the cytoplasmic vacuole morphology became fused and enlarged during infection with red spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV), which was accompanied by increased cell death. Notably, Lyso-Tracker, but not Mito-Tracker or ER-Tracker, was accumulated in the vacuoles, and abnormal lysosome swelling was observed in RGNNV-infected cells, suggesting that the cytoplasmic vacuoles originated from lysosomal organelles. Cytoplasmic vacuolization and cell death in RGNNV-infected cells was completely blocked by the vacuolar H+-ATPase inhibitor (bafilomycin A1), and was significantly weakened by chloroquine (CQ), a lysosomotropic agent that induces the acidification of the lysosomes. This suggests that lysosome acidification was essential for vacuole formation. Significant inhibitory effects on vacuolization and cell death were also observed in the RGNNV-infected cells following treatment with nigericin and monensin (ionophores that uncouple the proton gradient present in lysosomes). This indicated that lysosome function was tightly associated with RGNNV infection-induced cell death. In addition, vacuoles were found to be partially co-localized with GFP-LC3II punctate dots during RGNNV infection. Moreover, the severity of vacuolization and cell death were both significantly decreased after treatment with the autophagy inhibitor, 3-MA, suggesting that autophagy was involved in lysosomal vacuolization and cell death evoked by RGNNV infection. Thus, our results demonstrate that autophagy participates in lysosomal vacuolation-mediated cell death during RGNNV infection, and provides new insight into our understanding of the potential mechanisms underlying nodavirus pathogenesis in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhua Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zetian Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanhe Liu
- Instrumental Analysis & Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Zheng
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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56
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaran Michael Rajah
- Institut Pasteur, Virus and Immunity Unit, CNRS-UMR3569, Paris, France
- Ecole Doctorale Bio Sorbonne Paris Cité (BioSPC) -Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Blandine Monel
- Institut Pasteur, Virus and Immunity Unit, CNRS-UMR3569, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (BM); (OS)
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Institut Pasteur, Virus and Immunity Unit, CNRS-UMR3569, Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Creteil, France
- * E-mail: (BM); (OS)
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57
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Kolpikova EP, Tronco AR, Den Hartigh AB, Jackson KJ, Iwawaki T, Fink SL. IRE1α Promotes Zika Virus Infection via XBP1. Viruses 2020; 12:v12030278. [PMID: 32138181 PMCID: PMC7150863 DOI: 10.3390/v12030278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emergent member of the Flaviviridae family which causes severe congenital defects and other major sequelae, but the cellular processes that support ZIKV replication are incompletely understood. Related flaviviruses use the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as a membranous platform for viral replication and induce ER stress during infection. Our data suggest that ZIKV activates IRE1α, a component of the cellular response to ER stress. IRE1α is an ER-resident transmembrane protein that possesses a cytosolic RNase domain. Upon activation, IRE1α initiates nonconventional cytoplasmic splicing of XBP1 mRNA. Spliced XBP1 encodes a transcription factor, which upregulates ER-related targets. We find that ZIKV infection induces XBP1 mRNA splicing and induction of XBP1 target genes. Small molecule inhibitors of IRE1α, including those specific for the nuclease function, prevent ZIKV-induced cytotoxicity, as does genetic disruption of IRE1α. Optimal ZIKV RNA replication requires both IRE1α and XBP1. Spliced XBP1 has been described to cause ER expansion and remodeling and we find that ER redistribution during ZIKV infection requires IRE1α nuclease activity. Finally, we demonstrate that inducible genetic disruption of IRE1α and XBP1 impairs ZIKV replication in a mouse model of infection. Together, our data indicate that the ER stress response component IRE1α promotes ZIKV infection via XBP1 and may represent a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena P. Kolpikova
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ana R. Tronco
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Konner J. Jackson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Takao Iwawaki
- Division of Cell Medicine, Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0265, Japan
| | - Susan L. Fink
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(206)-598-6131
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58
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Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) belongs to the Flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family. It is an arbovirus that can cause congenital abnormalities and is sexually transmissible. A series of outbreaks accompanied by unexpected severe clinical complications have captured medical attention to further characterize the clinical features of congenital ZIKV syndrome and its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and ER-related proteins are essential in ZIKV genome replication. This review highlights the subcellular localization of ZIKV to the ER and ZIKV modulation on the architecture of the ER. This review also discusses ZIKV interaction with ER proteins such as signal peptidase complex subunit 1 (SPCS1), ER membrane complex (EMC) subunits, and ER translocon for viral replication. Furthermore, the review covers several important resulting effects of ZIKV infection to the ER and cellular processes including ER stress, reticulophagy, and paraptosis-like death. Pharmacological targeting of ZIKV-affected ER-resident proteins and ER-associated components demonstrate promising signs of combating ZIKV infection and rescuing host organisms from severe neurologic sequelae.
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59
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Maelfait J, Liverpool L, Rehwinkel J. Nucleic Acid Sensors and Programmed Cell Death. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:552-568. [PMID: 31786265 PMCID: PMC7322524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acids derived from microorganisms are powerful triggers for innate immune responses. Proteins called RNA and DNA sensors detect foreign nucleic acids and, in mammalian cells, include RIG-I, cGAS, and AIM2. On binding to nucleic acids, these proteins initiate signaling cascades that activate host defense responses. An important aspect of this defense program is the production of cytokines such as type I interferons and IL-1β. Studies conducted over recent years have revealed that nucleic acid sensors also activate programmed cell death pathways as an innate immune response to infection. Indeed, RNA and DNA sensors induce apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis. Cell death via these pathways prevents replication of pathogens by eliminating the infected cell and additionally contributes to the release of cytokines and inflammatory mediators. Interestingly, recent evidence suggests that programmed cell death triggered by nucleic acid sensors plays an important role in a number of noninfectious pathologies. In addition to nonself DNA and RNA from microorganisms, nucleic acid sensors also recognize endogenous nucleic acids, for example when cells are damaged by genotoxic agents and in certain autoinflammatory diseases. This review article summarizes current knowledge on the links between nucleic acid sensing and cell death and explores important open questions for future studies in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Maelfait
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Layal Liverpool
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Jan Rehwinkel
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.
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Atlastin Endoplasmic Reticulum-Shaping Proteins Facilitate Zika Virus Replication. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01047-19. [PMID: 31534046 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01047-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the site for Zika virus (ZIKV) replication and is central to the cytopathic effects observed in infected cells. ZIKV induces the formation of ER-derived large cytoplasmic vacuoles followed by "implosive" cell death. Little is known about the nature of the ER factors that regulate flavivirus replication. Atlastins (ATL1, -2, and -3) are dynamin-related GTPases that control the structure and the dynamics of the ER membrane. We show here that ZIKV replication is significantly decreased in the absence of ATL proteins. The appearance of infected cells is delayed, the levels of intracellular viral proteins and released virus are reduced, and the cytopathic effects are strongly impaired. We further show that ATL3 is recruited to viral replication sites and interacts with the nonstructural viral proteins NS2A and NS2B3. Thus, proteins that shape and maintain the ER tubular network ensure efficient ZIKV replication.IMPORTANCE Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging virus associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome, and fetal microcephaly as well as other neurological complications. There is no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment against ZIKV. We found that endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-shaping atlastin proteins (ATL1, -2, and -3), which induce ER membrane fusion, facilitate ZIKV replication. We show that ATL3 is recruited to the viral replication site and colocalize with the viral proteins NS2A and NS2B3. The results provide insights into host factors used by ZIKV to enhance its replication.
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Molecular signatures associated with prostate cancer cell line (PC-3) exposure to inactivated Zika virus. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15351. [PMID: 31653965 PMCID: PMC6814752 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51954-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection associated with microcephaly cases has elicited much research on the mechanisms involved in ZIKV-host cell interactions. It has been described that Zika virus impairs cell growth, raising a hypothesis about its oncolytic potential against cancer cells. ZIKV tumor cell growth inhibition was later confirmed for glioblastoma. It was also demonstrated that an inactivated ZIKV prototype (ZVp) based on bacterial outer membrane vesicles has antiproliferative activity upon other cancer cell lines, such as PC-3 prostate cancer cell. This study aims at understanding the pathways that might be involved with the antiproliferative effect of Zika virus against prostate cancer cells. A metabolomic approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis led to the identification of 21 statistically relevant markers of PC-3 cells treated with ZVp. The markers were associated with metabolic alterations that trigger lipid remodeling, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammatory mediators, as well as disrupted porphyrin and folate metabolism. These findings highlight molecular signatures of ZVp-induced response that may be involved on cellular pathways triggered by its antiproliferative effect. To our knowledge, this is the first reported metabolomic assessment of ZIKV effect on prostate cancer cells, a promising topic for further research.
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62
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Productive Infection of Mouse Mammary Glands and Human Mammary Epithelial Cells by Zika Virus. Viruses 2019; 11:v11100950. [PMID: 31619008 PMCID: PMC6832565 DOI: 10.3390/v11100950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) belongs to the large category of arboviruses. Surprisingly, several human-to-human transmissions of ZIKV have been notified, either following sexual intercourse or from the mother to fetus during pregnancy. Importantly, high viral loads have been detected in the human breast milk of infected mothers, and the existence of breastfeeding as a new mode of mother-to-child transmission of ZIKV was recently hypothesized. However, the maternal origin of infectious particles in breast milk is currently unknown. Here, we show that ZIKV disseminates to the mammary glands of infected mice after both systemic and local exposure with differential kinetics. Ex vivo, we demonstrate that primary human mammary epithelial cells were sensitive and permissive to ZIKV infection in this study. Moreover, by using in vitro models, we prove that mammary luminal- and myoepithelial-phenotype cell lines are both able to produce important virus progeny after ZIKV exposure. Our data suggest that the dissemination of ZIKV to the mammary glands and subsequent infection of the mammary epithelium could be one mechanism of viral excretion in human breast milk.
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63
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Ferraris P, Yssel H, Missé D. Zika virus infection: an update. Microbes Infect 2019; 21:353-360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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64
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de Sousa JR, Azevedo RDSDS, Quaresma JAS, Vasconcelos PFDC. Cell Death And Zika Virus: An Integrated Network Of The Mechanisms Of Cell Injury. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:2917-2921. [PMID: 31571944 PMCID: PMC6750865 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s209213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus that is transmitted by Aedes mosquitos. Its prototype was isolated in 1947 from serum of a sentinel Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) in the Zika forest of Uganda. As a member of the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae, ZIKV is enveloped and icosahedral and possesses a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome of approximately 10.7 kb. Epidemiologically, infection by ZIKV has become a global health concern in recent years because of the occurrence of epidemics, its speed of dissemination, routes of transmission, and the sequelae it can cause especially in newborns. At the neural level, there are still many gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms that induce ZIKV infection-associated microcephaly. However, some studies already demonstrated that underlying cell death is determinant to induce the congenital malformation. In this report, we reviewed the various mechanisms of cell injury involved in the immunopathogenesis of ZIKV infection and discussed its relationship with the death of neuronal and glial cells development and microcephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Rodrigues de Sousa
- Departamento de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil.,Núcleo de Medicina Tropical Belém, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Juarez Antônio Simões Quaresma
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical Belém, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.,Departamento de Patologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil.,Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Pedro Fernando da Costa Vasconcelos
- Departamento de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil.,Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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65
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Calderón-Peláez MA, Velandia-Romero ML, Bastidas-Legarda LY, Beltrán EO, Camacho-Ortega SJ, Castellanos JE. Dengue Virus Infection of Blood-Brain Barrier Cells: Consequences of Severe Disease. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1435. [PMID: 31293558 PMCID: PMC6606788 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 500 million people worldwide are infected each year by any of the four-dengue virus (DENV) serotypes. The clinical spectrum caused during these infections is wide and some patients may develop neurological alterations during or after the infection, which could be explained by the cryptic neurotropic and neurovirulent features of flaviviruses like DENV. Using in vivo and in vitro models, researchers have demonstrated that DENV can affect the cells from the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in several ways, which could result in brain tissue damage, neuronal loss, glial activation, tissue inflammation and hemorrhages. The latter suggests that BBB may be compromised during infection; however, it is not clear whether the damage is due to the infection per se or to the local and/or systemic inflammatory response established or activated by the BBB cells. Similarly, the kinetics and cascade of events that trigger tissue damage, and the cells that initiate it, are unknown. This review presents evidence of the BBB cell infection with DENV and the response established toward it by these cells; it also describes the consequences of this response on the nervous tissue, compares these evidence with the one reported with neurotropic viruses of the Flaviviridae family, and shows the complexity and unpredictability of dengue and the neurological alterations induced by it. Clinical evidence and in vitro and in vivo models suggest that this virus uses the bloodstream to enter nerve tissue where it infects the different cells of the neurovascular unit. Each of the cell populations respond individually and collectively and control infection and inflammation, in other cases this response exacerbates the damage leaving irreversible sequelae or causing death. This information will allow us to understand more about the complex disease known as dengue, and its impact on a specialized and delicate tissue like is the nervous tissue.
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66
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ZIKV Strains Differentially Affect Survival of Human Fetal Astrocytes versus Neurons and Traffic of ZIKV-Laden Endocytotic Compartments. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8069. [PMID: 31147629 PMCID: PMC6542792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44559-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Malformations of the fetal CNS, known as microcephaly, have been linked to Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. Here, the responses of mammalian and mosquito cell lines, in addition to primary human fetal astrocytes and neurons were studied following infection by ZIKV strains Brazil 2016 (ZIKV-BR), French Polynesia 2013 (ZIKV-FP), and Uganda #976 1947 (ZIKV-UG). Viral production, cell viability, infectivity rate, and mobility of endocytotic ZIKV-laden vesicles were compared. All cell types (SK-N-SH, Vero E6, C6/36, human fetal astrocytes and human fetal neurons) released productive virus. Among primary cells, astrocytes were more susceptible to ZIKV infection than neurons, released more progeny virus and tolerated higher virus loads than neurons. In general, the infection rate of ZIKV-UG strain was the highest. All ZIKV strains elicited differences in trafficking of ZIKV-laden endocytotic vesicles in the majority of cell types, including astrocytes and neurons, except in mosquito cells, where ZIKV infection failed to induce cell death. These results represent a thorough screening of cell viability, infection and production of three ZIKV strains in five different cell types and demonstrate that ZIKV affects vesicle mobility in all but mosquito cells.
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67
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Liao Y, Goraya MU, Yuan X, Zhang B, Chiu SH, Chen JL. Functional Involvement of Interferon-Inducible Transmembrane Proteins in Antiviral Immunity. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1097. [PMID: 31156602 PMCID: PMC6532022 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) play crucial roles in host defense against viral infections by inducing the expression of numerous IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) that can activate host antiviral immunity. Interferon-inducible transmembrane proteins (IFITMs), a family of small transmembrane proteins, are critical ISG products. Compelling evidence has implicated that IFITMs can establish an innate immune state to eliminate pathogens efficiently. IFITM proteins can impede broad-spectrum viral infection through various mechanisms. It is generally believed that IFITMs can block the viral entry by suppressing viral membrane fusion. However, some findings indicated that IFITMs might also inhibit viral gene expression and viral protein synthesis and thereby impair viral replication. IFITMs may incorporate into virions during viral assembly and thus reduce the infectivity of nascent virions. The precise inhibitory mechanism of IFITMs on viral infection and replication still requires further exploration. In this review, we highlight the recent findings regarding critical roles of IFITMs in host-virus interaction. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying their functions in antiviral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mohsan Ullah Goraya
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Baoge Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shih-Hsin Chiu
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ji-Long Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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68
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Tian W, Li J, Su Z, Lan F, Li Z, Liang D, Wang C, Li D, Hou H. Novel Anthraquinone Compounds Induce Cancer Cell Death through Paraptosis. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:732-736. [PMID: 31097991 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel anthraquinone compounds that induce ER stress and paraptosis-like cell death were designed and synthesized. Compound 4a is the first organic micromolecule to kill tumor cells by only paraptosis, and its mechanism of action has been further explored. Paraptosis does not appear to involve either phosphatidylserine translocation associated with apoptosis or cell cycle arrest. The bisbenzyloxy and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)formamide structures may be two critical pharmacophores for paraptosis. Bisbenzyloxy can induce ER stress, and the N-(2-hydroxyethyl)formamide structure can increase the ratio of LC3II/I and cytoplasmic vacuolization and facilitates paraptosis. Some antitumor drugs fail to eradicate malignant cell lines with impaired apoptotic pathways; paraptosis may be a route to kill such cells and provides a new potential strategy for cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Junying Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zhengying Su
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Fu Lan
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zhaoquan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Dandan Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Chunmiao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Danrong Li
- Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Huaxin Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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69
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Kessel D. Pathways to Paraptosis After
ER
Photodamage in
OVCAR
‐5 Cells. Photochem Photobiol 2019; 95:1239-1242. [DOI: 10.1111/php.13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Kessel
- Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit MI
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70
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Alfano C, Gladwyn-Ng I, Couderc T, Lecuit M, Nguyen L. The Unfolded Protein Response: A Key Player in Zika Virus-Associated Congenital Microcephaly. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:94. [PMID: 30971894 PMCID: PMC6445045 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus that belongs to the Flaviviridae family, together with dengue, yellow fever, and West Nile viruses. In the wake of its emergence in the French Polynesia and in the Americas, ZIKV has been shown to cause congenital microcephaly. It is the first arbovirus which has been proven to be teratogenic and sexually transmissible. Confronted with this major public health challenge, the scientific and medical communities teamed up to precisely characterize the clinical features of congenital ZIKV syndrome and its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. This review focuses on the critical impact of the unfolded protein response (UPR) on ZIKV-associated congenital microcephaly. ZIKV infection of cortical neuron progenitors leads to high endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This results in both the stalling of indirect neurogenesis, and UPR-dependent neuronal apoptotic death, and leads to cortical microcephaly. In line with these results, the administration of molecules inhibiting UPR prevents ZIKV-induced cortical microcephaly. The discovery of the link between ZIKV infection and UPR activation has a broader relevance, since this pathway plays a crucial role in many distinct cellular processes and its induction by ZIKV may account for several reported ZIKV-associated defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Alfano
- GIGA-Stem Cells, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ivan Gladwyn-Ng
- GIGA-Stem Cells, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Thérèse Couderc
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France.,INSERM U1117, Biologie des Infections, Paris, France
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France.,INSERM U1117, Biologie des Infections, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Institut Imagine, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Nguyen
- GIGA-Stem Cells, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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71
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Du S, Jiang Y, Xu W, Bai J, Tian M, Wang M, Wang Y, Cao T, Song L, Jiang Y, Chen J, Fu T, Hao P, Li T, Wu S, Ren L, Jin N, Li C. Construction, expression and antiviral activity analysis of recombinant adenovirus expressing human IFITM3 in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 131:925-932. [PMID: 30914370 PMCID: PMC7112391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-inducible transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) inhibits the replication of multiple pathogenic viruses by blocking their entry. In this study, we constructed a shuttle plasmid, harboring human IFITM3. Thereafter, recombinant adenovirus rAd5-IFITM3 was obtained by co-transfection of the linearized viral backbone vector pAd5 and the shuttle plasmid. The results showed that human IFITM3 did not affect the assembly and morphogenesis of progeny adenovirus. Human IFITM3 can be expressed in both A549 and MDCK cells in a time dependent manner. Furthermore, cells infected with rAd5-IFITM3 at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 100 for 24 h were challenged with avian influenza virus (AIV) H5N1 at an MOI of 1 for 6, 12 and 24 h. Rates of H5N1 infection in rAd5-IFITM3 cells were significantly decreased at 24 h post-infection (hpi), in a time dependent manner, compared with that of wild type wtAd5-infected cells. The expressions of viral genes were significantly inhibited at transcriptional and translational levels at 6 and 12 hpi. These results suggest that IFITM3 can suppress H5N1 replication in the early stage of the infection, which may be used as a promise agent against H5N1 infection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouwen Du
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130112, China; 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Yinyue Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Wang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Jieying Bai
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Mingyao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Maopeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Tingting Cao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Lina Song
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Yuhang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Tingting Fu
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Penfeng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Tiyuan Li
- 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Shipin Wu
- 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Linzhu Ren
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
| | - Chang Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
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72
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Lee JK, Shin OS. Advances in Zika Virus⁻Host Cell Interaction: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051101. [PMID: 30836648 PMCID: PMC6429326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging mosquito-transmitted RNA viruses, such as Zika virus (ZIKV) and Chikungunya represent human pathogens of an immense global health problem. In particular, ZIKV has emerged explosively since 2007 to cause a series of epidemics in the South Pacific and most recently in the Americas. Although typical ZIKV infections are asymptomatic, ZIKV infection during pregnancy is increasingly associated with microcephaly and other fetal developmental abnormalities. In the last few years, genomic and molecular investigations have established a remarkable progress on the pathogenic mechanisms of ZIKV infection using in vitro and in vivo models. Here, we highlight recent advances in ZIKV-host cell interaction studies, including cellular targets of ZIKV, ZIKV-mediated cell death mechanisms, host cell restriction factors that limit ZIKV replication, and immune evasion mechanisms utilized by ZIKV. Understanding of the mechanisms of ZIKV⁻host interaction at the cellular level will contribute crucial insights into the development of ZIKV therapeutics and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kyung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Korea.
| | - Ok Sarah Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Korea.
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73
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Potokar M, Jorgačevski J, Zorec R. Astrocytes in Flavivirus Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030691. [PMID: 30736273 PMCID: PMC6386967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus infections of the central nervous system (CNS) can manifest in various forms of inflammation, including that of the brain (encephalitis) and spinal cord (myelitis), all of which may have long-lasting deleterious consequences. Although the knowledge of how different viruses affect neural cells is increasing, understanding of the mechanisms by which cells respond to neurotropic viruses remains fragmented. Several virus types have the ability to infect neural tissue, and astrocytes, an abundant and heterogeneous neuroglial cell type and a key element providing CNS homeostasis, are one of the first CNS cell types to get infected. Astrocytes are morphologically closely aligned with neuronal synapses, blood vessels, and ventricle cavities, and thereby have the capacity to functionally interact with neurons and endothelial cells. In this review, we focus on the responses of astrocytes to infection by neurotropic flaviviruses, including tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), Zika virus (ZIKV), West Nile virus (WNV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), which have all been confirmed to infect astrocytes and cause multiple CNS defects. Understanding these mechanisms may help design new strategies to better contain and mitigate virus- and astrocyte-dependent neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Potokar
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Celica BIOMEDICAL, Tehnološki park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Jernej Jorgačevski
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Celica BIOMEDICAL, Tehnološki park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Celica BIOMEDICAL, Tehnološki park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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74
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Spence JS, He R, Hoffmann HH, Das T, Thinon E, Rice CM, Peng T, Chandran K, Hang HC. IFITM3 directly engages and shuttles incoming virus particles to lysosomes. Nat Chem Biol 2019; 15:259-268. [PMID: 30643282 PMCID: PMC6466627 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-018-0213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs 1, 2 and 3) have emerged as important innate immune effectors that prevent diverse virus infections in vertebrates. However, the cellular mechanisms and live-cell imaging of these small membrane proteins have been challenging to evaluate during viral entry of mammalian cells. Using CRISPR–Cas9-mediated IFITM-mutant cell lines, we demonstrate that human IFITM1, IFITM2 and IFITM3 act cooperatively and function in a dose-dependent fashion in interferon-stimulated cells. Through site-specific fluorophore tagging and live-cell imaging studies, we show that IFITM3 is on endocytic vesicles that fuse with incoming virus particles and enhances the trafficking of this pathogenic cargo to lysosomes. IFITM3 trafficking is specific to restricted viruses, requires S-palmitoylation and is abrogated with loss-of-function mutants. The site-specific protein labeling and live-cell imaging approaches described here should facilitate the functional analysis of host factors involved in pathogen restriction as well as their mechanisms of regulation. Live-cell imaging and virus trafficking studies show that the host innate immune receptor IFITM3 localizes with endocytic vesicles that fuse with incoming viruses to ultimately enhance their traffic to lysosomes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Spence
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ruina He
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hans-Heinrich Hoffmann
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tandrila Das
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Thinon
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles M Rice
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tao Peng
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. .,School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Howard C Hang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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75
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Gharbaran R, Somenarain L. Putative Cellular and Molecular Roles of Zika Virus in Fetal and Pediatric Neuropathologies. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2019; 22:5-21. [PMID: 30149771 DOI: 10.1177/1093526618790742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although the World Health Organization declared an end to the recent Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak and its association with adverse fetal and pediatric outcome, on November 18, 2016, the virus still remains a severe public health threat. Laboratory experiments thus far supported the suspicions that ZIKV is a teratogenic agent. Evidence indicated that ZIKV infection cripples the host cells' innate immune responses, allowing productive replication and potential dissemination of the virus. In addition, studies suggest potential transplacental passage of the virus and subsequent selective targeting of neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Depletion of NPCs by ZIKV is associated with restricted brain growth. And while microcephaly can result from infection at any gestational stages, the risk is greater during the first trimester. Although a number of recent studies revealed some of specific molecular and cellular roles of ZIKV proteins of this mosquito-borne flavivirus, the mechanisms by which it produces it suspected pathophysiological effects are not completely understood. Thus, this review highlights the cellular and molecular evidence that implicate ZIKV in fetal and pediatric neuropathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Gharbaran
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Bronx Community College, The City University of New York, Bronx, New York
| | - Latchman Somenarain
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Bronx Community College, The City University of New York, Bronx, New York
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76
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Simonin Y, Erkilic N, Damodar K, Clé M, Desmetz C, Bolloré K, Taleb M, Torriano S, Barthelemy J, Dubois G, Lajoix AD, Foulongne V, Tuaillon E, Van de Perre P, Kalatzis V, Salinas S. Zika virus induces strong inflammatory responses and impairs homeostasis and function of the human retinal pigment epithelium. EBioMedicine 2019; 39:315-331. [PMID: 30579862 PMCID: PMC6354710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus (ZIKV) has recently re-emerged as a pathogenic agent with epidemic capacities as was well illustrated in South America. Because of the extent of this health crisis, a number of more serious symptoms have become associated with ZIKV infection than what was initially described. In particular, neuronal and ocular disorders have been characterized, both in infants and in adults. Notably, the macula and the retina can be strongly affected by ZIKV, possibly by a direct effect of the virus. This is supported by the detection of replicative and infectious virus in lachrimal fluid in human patients and mouse models. METHODS Here, we used an innovative, state-of-the-art iPSC-derived human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) model to study ZIKV retinal impairment. FINDINGS We showed that the human RPE is highly susceptible to ZIKV infection and that a ZIKV African strain was more virulent and led to a more potent epithelium disruption and stronger anti-viral response than an Asian strain, suggesting lineage differences. Moreover, ZIKV infection led to impaired membrane dynamics involved in endocytosis, organelle biogenesis and potentially secretion, key mechanisms of RPE homeostasis and function. INTERPRETATION Taken together, our results suggest that ZIKV has a highly efficient ocular tropism, which creates a strong inflammatory environment that could have acute or chronic adverse effects. FUND: This work was funded by Retina France, REACTing and La Région Languedoc-Roussillon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Simonin
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nejla Erkilic
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Krishna Damodar
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marion Clé
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Caroline Desmetz
- BioCommunication en CardioMétabolique, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Karine Bolloré
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mehdi Taleb
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Simona Torriano
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jonathan Barthelemy
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Grégor Dubois
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Dominique Lajoix
- BioCommunication en CardioMétabolique, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Foulongne
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections. INSERM, University of Montpellier, Etablissement Français du Sang, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Edouard Tuaillon
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections. INSERM, University of Montpellier, Etablissement Français du Sang, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Van de Perre
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections. INSERM, University of Montpellier, Etablissement Français du Sang, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Vasiliki Kalatzis
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Sara Salinas
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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77
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El Kalamouni C, Frumence E, Bos S, Turpin J, Nativel B, Harrabi W, Wilkinson DA, Meilhac O, Gadea G, Desprès P, Krejbich-Trotot P, Viranaïcken W. Subversion of the Heme Oxygenase-1 Antiviral Activity by Zika Virus. Viruses 2018; 11:v11010002. [PMID: 30577437 PMCID: PMC6356520 DOI: 10.3390/v11010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a rate-limiting enzyme involved in the degradation of heme, is induced in response to a wide range of stress conditions. HO-1 exerts antiviral activity against a broad range of viruses, including the Hepatitis C virus, the human immunodeficiency virus, and the dengue virus by inhibiting viral growth. It has been reported that HO-1 displays antiviral activity against the Zika virus (ZIKV) but the mechanisms of viral inhibition remain largely unknown. Using a ZIKV RNA replicon with the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) as a reporter protein, we were able to show that HO-1 expression resulted in the inhibition of viral RNA replication. Conversely, we observed a decrease in HO-1 expression in cells replicating the ZIKV RNA replicon. The study of human cells infected with ZIKV showed that the HO-1 expression level was significantly lower once viral replication was established, thereby limiting the antiviral effect of HO-1. Our work highlights the capacity of ZIKV to thwart the anti-replicative activity of HO-1 in human cells. Therefore, the modulation of HO-1 as a novel therapeutic strategy against ZIKV infection may display limited effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaker El Kalamouni
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249 UMR PIMIT, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme CYROI, 2, rue Maxime Rivière, F-97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France.
| | - Etienne Frumence
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249 UMR PIMIT, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme CYROI, 2, rue Maxime Rivière, F-97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France.
| | - Sandra Bos
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249 UMR PIMIT, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme CYROI, 2, rue Maxime Rivière, F-97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France.
| | - Jonathan Turpin
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249 UMR PIMIT, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme CYROI, 2, rue Maxime Rivière, F-97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France.
| | - Brice Nativel
- Université de la Réunion, Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), F-97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France.
| | - Wissal Harrabi
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249 UMR PIMIT, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme CYROI, 2, rue Maxime Rivière, F-97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France.
| | - David A Wilkinson
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249 UMR PIMIT, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme CYROI, 2, rue Maxime Rivière, F-97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France.
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Université de la Réunion, Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), F-97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France.
- CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Denis de La Réunion, F-97400 Bellepierre, France.
| | - Gilles Gadea
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249 UMR PIMIT, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme CYROI, 2, rue Maxime Rivière, F-97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France.
| | - Philippe Desprès
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249 UMR PIMIT, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme CYROI, 2, rue Maxime Rivière, F-97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France.
| | - Pascale Krejbich-Trotot
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249 UMR PIMIT, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme CYROI, 2, rue Maxime Rivière, F-97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France.
| | - Wildriss Viranaïcken
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249 UMR PIMIT, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme CYROI, 2, rue Maxime Rivière, F-97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) is a cellular restriction factor that blocks fusion between virus and host membranes. Here, we provide an introduction to IFITM3 and the biochemical regulation underlying its antiviral activity. Further, we analyze and summarize the published literature examining phenotypes of IFITM3 knockout mice upon infections with viral pathogens and discuss the controversial association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human IFITM3 gene and severe virus infections. RECENT FINDINGS Recent publications show that IFITM3 knockout mice experience more severe pathologies than wild-type mice in diverse virus infections, including infections with influenza A virus, West Nile virus, Chikungunya virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and cytomegalovirus. Likewise, numerous studies of humans of Chinese ancestry have associated the IFITM3 SNP rs12252-C with severe influenza virus infections, though examinations of other populations, such as Europeans, in which this SNP is rare, have largely failed to identify an association with severe infections. A second SNP, rs34481144-A, found in the human IFITM3 promoter has also recently been reported to be a risk allele for severe influenza virus infections. SUMMARY There is significant evidence for a protective role of IFITM3 against virus infections in both mice and humans, though additional work is required to identify the range of pathogens restricted by IFITM3 and the mechanisms by which human SNPs affect IFITM3 levels or functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Zani
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Infectious, Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, 460 W 12th Ave, Biomedical Research Tower 790, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jacob S Yount
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Infectious, Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, 460 W 12th Ave, Biomedical Research Tower 790, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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79
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Abstract
Rapamycin and its derivatives are specific inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase and, as a result, are well-established immunosuppressants and antitumorigenic agents. Additionally, this class of drug promotes gene delivery by facilitating lentiviral vector entry into cells, revealing its potential to improve gene therapy efforts. However, the precise mechanism was unknown. Here, we report that mTOR inhibitor treatment results in down-regulation of the IFN-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins. IFITM proteins, especially IFITM3, are potent inhibitors of virus-cell fusion and are broadly active against a range of pathogenic viruses. We found that the effect of rapamycin treatment on lentiviral transduction is diminished upon IFITM silencing or knockout in primary and transformed cells, and the extent of transduction enhancement depends on basal expression of IFITM proteins, with a major contribution from IFITM3. The effect of rapamycin treatment on IFITM3 manifests at the level of protein, but not mRNA, and is selective, as many other endosome-associated transmembrane proteins are unaffected. Rapamycin-mediated degradation of IFITM3 requires endosomal trafficking, ubiquitination, endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery, and lysosomal acidification. Since IFITM proteins exhibit broad antiviral activity, we show that mTOR inhibition also promotes infection by another IFITM-sensitive virus, Influenza A virus, but not infection by Sendai virus, which is IFITM-resistant. Our results identify the molecular basis by which mTOR inhibitors enhance virus entry into cells and reveal a previously unrecognized immunosuppressive feature of these clinically important drugs. In addition, this study uncovers a functional convergence between the mTOR pathway and IFITM proteins at endolysosomal membranes.
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80
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Kim JA, Seong RK, Son SW, Shin OS. Insights into ZIKV-Mediated Innate Immune Responses in Human Dermal Fibroblasts and Epidermal Keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 139:391-399. [PMID: 30218650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has emerged as a global pathogen causing significant public health concern. ZIKV infections in humans principally occur via mosquito bites. Thus, host skin cells are permissive to ZIKV infection and are the first line of defense against the virus. Here, we examined the role and mechanisms of antiviral skin immunity against ZIKV infection. ZIKV infection (African lineage MR766) in human dermal fibroblasts, human epidermal keratinocytes, and HaCaT keratinocytes resulted in distinct expression changes in RIG-I-like receptors, such as RIG-I and MDA5. Inhibition of RIG-I using small interfering RNA resulted in increased viral gene expression and reduced induction of IFNs and IFN-stimulated genes. Furthermore, ZIKV NS1 directly interacted with RIG-I or MDA5 and down-regulated RIG-I-like receptor-mediated antiviral signaling pathways. Asian lineage ZIKV (PRVABC59) infection also showed a distinct pattern of antiviral immunity in human skin cells, compared with other ZIKV strains. Additionally, ZIKV infections in human neural progenitor cells induced the robust activation of RIG-I-like receptor-mediated signaling, followed by highly enhanced IFN-stimulated gene expression. Our findings provide important insights into ZIKV tropism and subsequent antiviral signaling pathways that regulate ZIKV replication in human dermal fibroblasts and human epidermal keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rak-Kyun Seong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Wook Son
- Department of Dermatology and Division of BK21 Project for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Sarah Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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81
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The emergence of Zika virus and its new clinical syndromes. Nature 2018; 560:573-581. [PMID: 30158602 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus that has emerged as a global health threat because of its potential to generate explosive epidemics and ability to cause congenital disease in the context of infection during pregnancy. Whereas much is known about the biology of related flaviviruses, the unique features of ZIKV pathogenesis, including infection of the fetus, persistence in immune-privileged sites and sexual transmission, have presented new challenges. The rapid development of cell culture and animal models has facilitated a new appreciation of ZIKV biology. This knowledge has created opportunities for the development of countermeasures, including multiple ZIKV vaccine candidates, which are advancing through clinical trials. Here we describe the recent advances that have led to a new understanding of the causes and consequences of the ZIKV epidemic.
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82
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Garcia-Moreno M, Järvelin AI, Castello A. Unconventional RNA-binding proteins step into the virus-host battlefront. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2018; 9:e1498. [PMID: 30091184 PMCID: PMC7169762 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The crucial participation of cellular RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) in virtually all steps of virus infection has been known for decades. However, most of the studies characterizing this phenomenon have focused on well‐established RBPs harboring classical RNA‐binding domains (RBDs). Recent proteome‐wide approaches have greatly expanded the census of RBPs, discovering hundreds of proteins that interact with RNA through unconventional RBDs. These domains include protein–protein interaction platforms, enzymatic cores, and intrinsically disordered regions. Here, we compared the experimentally determined census of RBPs to gene ontology terms and literature, finding that 472 proteins have previous links with viruses. We discuss what these proteins are and what their roles in infection might be. We also review some of the pioneering examples of unorthodox RBPs whose RNA‐binding activity has been shown to be critical for virus infection. Finally, we highlight the potential of these proteins for host‐based therapies against viruses. This article is categorized under:
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA–Protein Complexes
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aino I Järvelin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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83
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Chiramel AI, Best SM. Role of autophagy in Zika virus infection and pathogenesis. Virus Res 2018; 254:34-40. [PMID: 28899653 PMCID: PMC5844781 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular pathway that culminates in lysosomal degradation of selected substrates. Autophagy can serve dual roles in virus infection with either pro- or antiviral functions depending on the virus and the stage of the viral replication cycle. Recent studies have suggested a role for autophagy in Zika virus (ZIKV) replication by demonstrating the accumulation of autophagic vesicles following ZIKV infection in both in vitro and in vivo models. In human fetal neural stem cells, ZIKV inhibits Akt-mTOR signaling to induce autophagy, increase virus replication and impede neurogenesis. However, autophagy also has the potential to limit ZIKV replication, with separate studies demonstrating antiviral roles for autophagy at the maternal-placental-fetal interface, and more specifically, at the endoplasmic reticulum where virus replication is established in an infected cell. Interestingly, ZIKV (and related flaviviruses) has evolved specific mechanisms to overcome autophagy at the ER, thus demonstrating important roles for these autophagic pathways in virus replication and host response. This review summarizes the known roles of autophagy in ZIKV replication and how they might influence virus tissue tropism and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash I Chiramel
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
| | - Sonja M Best
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
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84
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Coyaud E, Ranadheera C, Cheng D, Gonçalves J, Dyakov BJA, Laurent EMN, St-Germain J, Pelletier L, Gingras AC, Brumell JH, Kim PK, Safronetz D, Raught B. Global Interactomics Uncovers Extensive Organellar Targeting by Zika Virus. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:2242-2255. [PMID: 30037810 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.tir118.000800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a membrane enveloped Flavivirus with a positive strand RNA genome, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. The geographical range of ZIKV has dramatically expanded in recent decades resulting in increasing numbers of infected individuals, and the spike in ZIKV infections has been linked to significant increases in both Guillain-Barré syndrome and microcephaly. Although a large number of host proteins have been physically and/or functionally linked to other Flaviviruses, very little is known about the virus-host protein interactions established by ZIKV. Here we map host cell protein interaction profiles for each of the ten polypeptides encoded in the ZIKV genome, generating a protein topology network comprising 3033 interactions among 1224 unique human polypeptides. The interactome is enriched in proteins with roles in polypeptide processing and quality control, vesicle trafficking, RNA processing and lipid metabolism. >60% of the network components have been previously implicated in other types of viral infections; the remaining interactors comprise hundreds of new putative ZIKV functional partners. Mining this rich data set, we highlight several examples of how ZIKV may usurp or disrupt the function of host cell organelles, and uncover an important role for peroxisomes in ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Coyaud
- From the ‡Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charlene Ranadheera
- §Public Health Agency of Canada, Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Program, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Derrick Cheng
- ¶Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,‖Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - João Gonçalves
- **Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Boris J A Dyakov
- **Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,‡‡Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Estelle M N Laurent
- From the ‡Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan St-Germain
- From the ‡Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laurence Pelletier
- **Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,‡‡Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- **Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,‡‡Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John H Brumell
- ¶Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,‡‡Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,§§Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,¶¶Sick Kids IBD Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter K Kim
- ¶Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,‖Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Safronetz
- §Public Health Agency of Canada, Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Program, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Brian Raught
- From the ‡Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; .,‖‖Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
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85
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Volpi VG, Pagani I, Ghezzi S, Iannacone M, D'Antonio M, Vicenzi E. Zika Virus Replication in Dorsal Root Ganglia Explants from Interferon Receptor1 Knockout Mice Causes Myelin Degeneration. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10166. [PMID: 29976926 PMCID: PMC6033858 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a neurotropic agent that targets the developing fetal brain in women infected during pregnancy. In addition to the developing central nervous system, ZIKV has been recently shown to infect cells of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), highlighting its potential to cause acute peripheral neuropathies in adults, such as Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS). Here we show that myelinating dorsal root ganglia (DRG) explants obtained from interferon-alpha/beta receptor knock-out mice are productively infected by ZIKV. Virus replication is cytopathic in both peripheral neurons and myelinating Schwann cells leading to myelin disruption. These results confirm and extend previous observations suggesting that the PNS is indeed a potential site of ZIKV infection, replication and cytopathicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Giulia Volpi
- Myelin Biology Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabel Pagani
- Viral Pathogens and Biosafety Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Ghezzi
- Viral Pathogens and Biosafety Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio D'Antonio
- Myelin Biology Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Vicenzi
- Viral Pathogens and Biosafety Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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86
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Ravindran MS. Molecular chaperones: from proteostasis to pathogenesis. FEBS J 2018; 285:3353-3361. [PMID: 29890022 PMCID: PMC7164077 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is essential for a functional proteome. A wide range of extrinsic and intrinsic factors perturb proteostasis, causing protein misfolding, misassembly, and aggregation. This compromises cellular integrity and leads to aging and disease, including neurodegeneration and cancer. At the cellular level, protein aggregation is counteracted by powerful mechanisms comprising of a cascade of enzymes and chaperones that operate in a coordinated multistep manner to sense, prevent, and/or dispose of aberrant proteins. Although these processes are well understood for soluble proteins, there is a major gap in our understanding of how cells handle misfolded or aggregated membrane proteins. This article provides an overview of cellular proteostasis with emphasis on membrane protein substrates and suggests host–virus interaction as a tool to clarify outstanding questions in proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Sudhan Ravindran
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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87
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Mottin M, Borba JVVB, Braga RC, Torres PHM, Martini MC, Proenca-Modena JL, Judice CC, Costa FTM, Ekins S, Perryman AL, Horta Andrade C. The A-Z of Zika drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1833-1847. [PMID: 29935345 PMCID: PMC7108251 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the recent outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV), there are still no approved treatments, and early-stage compounds are probably many years away from approval. A comprehensive A-Z review of the recent advances in ZIKV drug discovery efforts is presented, highlighting drug repositioning and computationally guided compounds, including discovered viral and host cell inhibitors. Promising ZIKV molecular targets are also described and discussed, as well as targets belonging to the host cell, as new opportunities for ZIKV drug discovery. All this knowledge is not only crucial to advancing the fight against the Zika virus and other flaviviruses but also helps us prepare for the next emerging virus outbreak to which we will have to respond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Mottin
- LabMol - Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade Federal de Goias - UFG, Goiânia, GO 74605-170, Brazil
| | - Joyce V V B Borba
- LabMol - Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade Federal de Goias - UFG, Goiânia, GO 74605-170, Brazil
| | - Rodolpho C Braga
- LabMol - Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade Federal de Goias - UFG, Goiânia, GO 74605-170, Brazil
| | - Pedro H M Torres
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Matheus C Martini
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses (LEVE), Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Jose Luiz Proenca-Modena
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses (LEVE), Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Carla C Judice
- Laboratory of Tropical Diseases - Prof. Dr. Luiz Jacintho da Silva, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Fabio T M Costa
- Laboratory of Tropical Diseases - Prof. Dr. Luiz Jacintho da Silva, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Sean Ekins
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Alexander L Perryman
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Carolina Horta Andrade
- LabMol - Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade Federal de Goias - UFG, Goiânia, GO 74605-170, Brazil; Laboratory of Tropical Diseases - Prof. Dr. Luiz Jacintho da Silva, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-864, Brazil.
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88
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Morel JD, Paatero AO, Wei J, Yewdell JW, Guenin-Macé L, Van Haver D, Impens F, Pietrosemoli N, Paavilainen VO, Demangel C. Proteomics Reveals Scope of Mycolactone-mediated Sec61 Blockade and Distinctive Stress Signature. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:1750-1765. [PMID: 29915147 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycolactone is a bacteria-derived macrolide that blocks the biogenesis of a large array of secretory and integral transmembrane proteins (TMP) through potent inhibition of the Sec61 translocon. Here, we used quantitative proteomics to delineate the direct and indirect effects of mycolactone-mediated Sec61 blockade in living cells. In T lymphocytes, dendritic cells and sensory neurons, Sec61 substrates downregulated by mycolactone were in order of incidence: secretory proteins (with a signal peptide but no transmembrane domain), TMPs with a signal peptide (Type I) and TMPs without signal peptide and a cytosolic N terminus (Type II). TMPs without a signal peptide and the opposite N terminus topology (Type III) were refractory to mycolactone inhibition. This rule applied comparably to single- and multi-pass TMPs, and extended to exogenous viral proteins. Parallel to its broad-spectrum inhibition of Sec61-mediated protein translocation, mycolactone rapidly induced cytosolic chaperones Hsp70/Hsp90. Moreover, it activated an atypical endoplasmic reticulum stress response, differing from conventional unfolded protein response by the down-regulation of Bip. In addition to refining our mechanistic understanding of Sec61 inhibition by mycolactone, our findings thus reveal that Sec61 blockade induces proteostatic stress in the cytosol and the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-David Morel
- From the ‡Immunobiology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France.,§INSERM, U1221, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anja O Paatero
- ¶Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jiajie Wei
- ‖Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Jonathan W Yewdell
- ‖Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Laure Guenin-Macé
- From the ‡Immunobiology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France.,§INSERM, U1221, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Delphi Van Haver
- **VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,‡‡VIB Proteomics Core, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,§§Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Francis Impens
- **VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,‡‡VIB Proteomics Core, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,§§Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Natalia Pietrosemoli
- ¶¶Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics, and Integrative Biology, Institut Pasteur, Unité de Service et de Recherche 3756 Institut Pasteur CNRS, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Ville O Paavilainen
- ¶Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caroline Demangel
- From the ‡Immunobiology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; .,§INSERM, U1221, 75005 Paris, France
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89
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Rodríguez Y, Rojas M, Pacheco Y, Acosta-Ampudia Y, Ramírez-Santana C, Monsalve DM, Gershwin ME, Anaya JM. Guillain-Barré syndrome, transverse myelitis and infectious diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 15:547-562. [PMID: 29375121 PMCID: PMC6079071 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and transverse myelitis (TM) both represent immunologically mediated polyneuropathies of major clinical importance. Both are thought to have a genetic predisposition, but as of yet no specific genetic risk loci have been clearly defined. Both are considered autoimmune, but again the etiologies remain enigmatic. Both may be induced via molecular mimicry, particularly from infectious agents and vaccines, but clearly host factor and co-founding host responses will modulate disease susceptibility and natural history. GBS is an acute inflammatory immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy characterized by tingling, progressive weakness, autonomic dysfunction, and pain. Immune injury specifically takes place at the myelin sheath and related Schwann-cell components in acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, whereas in acute motor axonal neuropathy membranes on the nerve axon (the axolemma) are the primary target for immune-related injury. Outbreaks of GBS have been reported, most frequently related to Campylobacter jejuni infection, however, other agents such as Zika Virus have been strongly associated. Patients with GBS related to infections frequently produce antibodies against human peripheral nerve gangliosides. In contrast, TM is an inflammatory disorder characterized by acute or subacute motor, sensory, and autonomic spinal cord dysfunction. There is interruption of ascending and descending neuroanatomical pathways on the transverse plane of the spinal cord similar to GBS. It has been suggested to be triggered by infectious agents and molecular mimicry. In this review, we will focus on the putative role of infectious agents as triggering factors of GBS and TM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yhojan Rodríguez
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Manuel Rojas
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Yovana Pacheco
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Yeny Acosta-Ampudia
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Carolina Ramírez-Santana
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Diana M Monsalve
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, USA, CA
| | - Juan-Manuel Anaya
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia.
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90
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Subverting the mechanisms of cell death: flavivirus manipulation of host cell responses to infection. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:609-617. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20170399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Viruses exploit host metabolic and defence machinery for their own replication. The flaviviruses, which include Dengue (DENV), Yellow Fever (YFV), Japanese Encephalitis (JEV), West Nile (WNV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses, infect a broad range of hosts, cells and tissues. Flaviviruses are largely transmitted by mosquito bites and humans are usually incidental, dead-end hosts, with the notable exceptions of YFV, DENV and ZIKV. Infection by flaviviruses elicits cellular responses including cell death via necrosis, pyroptosis (involving inflammation) or apoptosis (which avoids inflammation). Flaviviruses exploit these mechanisms and subvert them to prolong viral replication. The different effects induced by DENV, WNV, JEV and ZIKV are reviewed. Host cell surface proteoglycans (PGs) bearing glycosaminoglycan (GAG) polysaccharides — heparan/chondroitin sulfate (HS/CS) — are involved in initial flavivirus attachment and during the expression of non-structural viral proteins play a role in disease aetiology. Recent work has shown that ZIKV-infected cells are protected from cell death by exogenous heparin (a GAG structurally similar to host cell surface HS), raising the possibility of further subtle involvement of HS PGs in flavivirus disease processes. The aim of this review is to synthesize information regarding DENV, WNV, JEV and ZIKV from two areas that are usually treated separately: the response of host cells to infection by flaviviruses and the involvement of cell surface GAGs in response to those infections.
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91
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Acosta-Ampudia Y, Monsalve DM, Castillo-Medina LF, Rodríguez Y, Pacheco Y, Halstead S, Willison HJ, Anaya JM, Ramírez-Santana C. Autoimmune Neurological Conditions Associated With Zika Virus Infection. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:116. [PMID: 29695953 PMCID: PMC5904274 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging flavivirus rapidly spreading throughout the tropical Americas. Aedes mosquitoes is the principal way of transmission of the virus to humans. ZIKV can be spread by transplacental, perinatal, and body fluids. ZIKV infection is often asymptomatic and those with symptoms present minor illness after 3 to 12 days of incubation, characterized by a mild and self-limiting disease with low-grade fever, conjunctivitis, widespread pruritic maculopapular rash, arthralgia and myalgia. ZIKV has been linked to a number of central and peripheral nervous system injuries such as Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), transverse myelitis (TM), meningoencephalitis, ophthalmological manifestations, and other neurological complications. Nevertheless, mechanisms of host-pathogen neuro-immune interactions remain incompletely elucidated. This review provides a critical discussion about the possible mechanisms underlying the development of autoimmune neurological conditions associated with Zika virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeny Acosta-Ampudia
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Diana M Monsalve
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Luis F Castillo-Medina
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Yhojan Rodríguez
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Yovana Pacheco
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Susan Halstead
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh J Willison
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Juan-Manuel Anaya
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Carolina Ramírez-Santana
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
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92
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Inertial picobalance reveals fast mass fluctuations in mammalian cells. Nature 2018; 550:500-505. [PMID: 29072271 DOI: 10.1038/nature24288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of size, volume and mass in living cells is physiologically important, and dysregulation of these parameters gives rise to many diseases. Cell mass is largely determined by the amount of water, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids present in a cell, and is tightly linked to metabolism, proliferation and gene expression. Technologies have emerged in recent years that make it possible to track the masses of single suspended cells and adherent cells. However, it has not been possible to track individual adherent cells in physiological conditions at the mass and time resolutions required to observe fast cellular dynamics. Here we introduce a cell balance (a 'picobalance'), based on an optically excited microresonator, that measures the total mass of single or multiple adherent cells in culture conditions over days with millisecond time resolution and picogram mass sensitivity. Using our technique, we observe that the mass of living mammalian cells fluctuates intrinsically by around one to four per cent over timescales of seconds throughout the cell cycle. Perturbation experiments link these mass fluctuations to the basic cellular processes of ATP synthesis and water transport. Furthermore, we show that growth and cell cycle progression are arrested in cells infected with vaccinia virus, but mass fluctuations continue until cell death. Our measurements suggest that all living cells show fast and subtle mass fluctuations throughout the cell cycle. As our cell balance is easy to handle and compatible with fluorescence microscopy, we anticipate that our approach will contribute to the understanding of cell mass regulation in various cell states and across timescales, which is important in areas including physiology, cancer research, stem-cell differentiation and drug discovery.
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93
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Stefanik M, Formanova P, Bily T, Vancova M, Eyer L, Palus M, Salat J, Braconi CT, Zanotto PMDA, Gould EA, Ruzek D. Characterisation of Zika virus infection in primary human astrocytes. BMC Neurosci 2018; 19:5. [PMID: 29463209 PMCID: PMC5820785 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-018-0407-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak has linked ZIKV with microcephaly and other central nervous system pathologies in humans. Astrocytes are among the first cells to respond to ZIKV infection in the brain and are also targets for virus infection. In this study, we investigated the interaction between ZIKV and primary human brain cortical astrocytes (HBCA). RESULTS HBCAs were highly sensitive to representatives of both Asian and African ZIKV lineages and produced high viral yields. The infection was associated with limited immune cytokine/chemokine response activation; the highest increase of expression, following infection, was seen in CXCL-10 (IP-10), interleukin-6, 8, 12, and CCL5 (RANTES). Ultrastructural changes in the ZIKV-infected HBCA were characterized by electron tomography (ET). ET reconstructions elucidated high-resolution 3D images of the proliferating and extensively rearranged endoplasmic reticulum (ER) containing viral particles and virus-induced vesicles, tightly juxtaposed to collapsed ER cisternae. CONCLUSIONS The results confirm that human astrocytes are sensitive to ZIKV infection and could be a source of proinflammatory cytokines in the ZIKV-infected brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Stefanik
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Formanova
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Bily
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Vancova
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ludek Eyer
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Palus
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Salat
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Carla Torres Braconi
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Paolo M de A Zanotto
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ernest A Gould
- EHESP French School of Public Health, IRD French Institute of Research for Development, EPV UMR_D 190 Emergence des Pathologies Virales, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Ruzek
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
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94
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Sun X, Hua S, Chen HR, Ouyang Z, Einkauf K, Tse S, Ard K, Ciaranello A, Yawetz S, Sax P, Rosenberg ES, Lichterfeld M, Yu XG. Transcriptional Changes during Naturally Acquired Zika Virus Infection Render Dendritic Cells Highly Conducive to Viral Replication. Cell Rep 2017; 21:3471-3482. [PMID: 29262327 PMCID: PMC5751936 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.11.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although dendritic cells are among the human cell population best equipped for cell-intrinsic antiviral immune defense, they seem highly susceptible to infection with the Zika virus (ZIKV). Using highly purified myeloid dendritic cells isolated from individuals with naturally acquired acute infection, we here show that ZIKV induces profound perturbations of transcriptional signatures relative to healthy donors. Interestingly, we noted a remarkable downregulation of antiviral interferon-stimulated genes and innate immune sensors, suggesting that ZIKV can actively suppress interferon-dependent immune responses. In contrast, several host factors known to support ZIKV infection were strongly upregulated during natural ZIKV infection; these transcripts included AXL, the main entry receptor for ZIKV; SOCS3, a negative regulator of ISG expression; and IDO-1, a recognized inducer of regulatory T cell responses. Thus, during in vivo infection, ZIKV can transform the transcriptome of dendritic cells in favor of the virus to render these cells highly conducive to ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Sun
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Stephane Hua
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Hsiao-Rong Chen
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Zhengyu Ouyang
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Kevin Einkauf
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Samantha Tse
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Kevin Ard
- Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Andrea Ciaranello
- Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Sigal Yawetz
- Infectious Disease Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Paul Sax
- Infectious Disease Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Eric S Rosenberg
- Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Mathias Lichterfeld
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Infectious Disease Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Xu G Yu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Infectious Disease Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.
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95
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Gladwyn-Ng I, Cordón-Barris L, Alfano C, Creppe C, Couderc T, Morelli G, Thelen N, America M, Bessières B, Encha-Razavi F, Bonnière M, Suzuki IK, Flamand M, Vanderhaeghen P, Thiry M, Lecuit M, Nguyen L. Stress-induced unfolded protein response contributes to Zika virus-associated microcephaly. Nat Neurosci 2017; 21:63-71. [PMID: 29230053 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-017-0038-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence support a causal link between Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during gestation and congenital microcephaly. However, the mechanism of ZIKV-associated microcephaly remains unclear. We combined analyses of ZIKV-infected human fetuses, cultured human neural stem cells and mouse embryos to understand how ZIKV induces microcephaly. We show that ZIKV triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response in the cerebral cortex of infected postmortem human fetuses as well as in cultured human neural stem cells. After intracerebral and intraplacental inoculation of ZIKV in mouse embryos, we show that it triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress in embryonic brains in vivo. This perturbs a physiological unfolded protein response within cortical progenitors that controls neurogenesis. Thus, ZIKV-infected progenitors generate fewer projection neurons that eventually settle in the cerebral cortex, whereupon sustained endoplasmic reticulum stress leads to apoptosis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that administration of pharmacological inhibitors of unfolded protein response counteracts these pathophysiological mechanisms and prevents microcephaly in ZIKV-infected mouse embryos. Such defects are specific to ZIKV, as they are not observed upon intraplacental injection of other related flaviviruses in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Gladwyn-Ng
- GIGA-Neurosciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Lluís Cordón-Barris
- GIGA-Neurosciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christian Alfano
- GIGA-Neurosciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Catherine Creppe
- GIGA-Neurosciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Thérèse Couderc
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France.,Inserm U1117, Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Morelli
- GIGA-Neurosciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium.,BIOMED - Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Thelen
- GIGA-Neurosciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Michelle America
- GIGA-Neurosciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bettina Bessières
- Département d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfant Malades, Paris, France.,Inserm U 1163 Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Férechté Encha-Razavi
- Département d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfant Malades, Paris, France
| | - Maryse Bonnière
- Département d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfant Malades, Paris, France
| | - Ikuo K Suzuki
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Human Biology (IRIBHM), and ULB Institute of Neuroscience (UNI), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie Flamand
- Institut Pasteur, Structural Virology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Vanderhaeghen
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Human Biology (IRIBHM), and ULB Institute of Neuroscience (UNI), Brussels, Belgium.,WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Thiry
- GIGA-Neurosciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France. .,Inserm U1117, Paris, France. .,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.
| | - Laurent Nguyen
- GIGA-Neurosciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium.
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96
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Shi G, Schwartz O, Compton AA. More than meets the I: the diverse antiviral and cellular functions of interferon-induced transmembrane proteins. Retrovirology 2017; 14:53. [PMID: 29162141 PMCID: PMC5697417 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-017-0377-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The first responders of human antiviral immunity are components of the intrinsic immune response that reside within each and every one of our cells. This cell-autonomous arsenal consists of nucleic acid sensors and antiviral effectors strategically placed by evolution to detect and restrict invading viruses. While some factors are present at baseline to allow for constant surveillance of the cell interior, others are upregulated by cytokines (such as interferons) that signal a viral infection underway in neighboring cells. In this review, we highlight the multiple roles played by the interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins during viral infection, with focuses on IFITM3 and HIV-1. Moreover, we discuss the cellular pathways in which IFITM proteins are intertwined and the various functions they have been ascribed outside the context of infection. While appreciated as broadly-acting, potent restriction factors that prevent virus infection and pathogenesis in cell culture and in vivo, questions remain regarding their precise mode of action and importance in certain viral contexts. Continued efforts to study IFITM protein function will further cement their status as critical host determinants of virus susceptibility and prioritize them in the development of new antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Shi
- Antiviral Immunity and Resistance Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,UMR CNRS 3569, Paris, France
| | - Alex A Compton
- Antiviral Immunity and Resistance Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
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97
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Chesarino NM, Compton AA, McMichael TM, Kenney AD, Zhang L, Soewarna V, Davis M, Schwartz O, Yount JS. IFITM3 requires an amphipathic helix for antiviral activity. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:1740-1751. [PMID: 28835547 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201744100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) is a cellular factor that blocks virus fusion with cell membranes. IFITM3 has been suggested to alter membrane curvature and fluidity, though its exact mechanism of action is unclear. Using a bioinformatic approach, we predict IFITM3 secondary structures and identify a highly conserved, short amphipathic helix within a hydrophobic region of IFITM3 previously thought to be a transmembrane domain. Consistent with the known ability of amphipathic helices to alter membrane properties, we show that this helix and its amphipathicity are required for the IFITM3-dependent inhibition of influenza virus, Zika virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, Ebola virus, and human immunodeficiency virus infections. The homologous amphipathic helix within IFITM1 is also required for the inhibition of infection, indicating that IFITM proteins possess a conserved mechanism of antiviral action. We further demonstrate that the amphipathic helix of IFITM3 is required to block influenza virus hemagglutinin-mediated membrane fusion. Overall, our results provide evidence that IFITM proteins utilize an amphipathic helix for inhibiting virus fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Chesarino
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alex A Compton
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS URA 3015, Paris, France.,HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Temet M McMichael
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Adam D Kenney
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Victoria Soewarna
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Matthew Davis
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS URA 3015, Paris, France
| | - Jacob S Yount
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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98
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Monel B, Compton AA, Bruel T, Amraoui S, Burlaud-Gaillard J, Roy N, Guivel-Benhassine F, Porrot F, Génin P, Meertens L, Sinigaglia L, Jouvenet N, Weil R, Casartelli N, Demangel C, Simon-Lorière E, Moris A, Roingeard P, Amara A, Schwartz O. Zika virus induces massive cytoplasmic vacuolization and paraptosis-like death in infected cells. EMBO J 2017; 36:1653-1668. [PMID: 28473450 PMCID: PMC5470047 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201695597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytopathic effects of Zika virus (ZIKV) are poorly characterized. Innate immunity controls ZIKV infection and disease in most infected patients through mechanisms that remain to be understood. Here, we studied the morphological cellular changes induced by ZIKV and addressed the role of interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITM), a family of broad-spectrum antiviral factors, during viral replication. We report that ZIKV induces massive vacuolization followed by "implosive" cell death in human epithelial cells, primary skin fibroblasts and astrocytes, a phenomenon which is exacerbated when IFITM3 levels are low. It is reminiscent of paraptosis, a caspase-independent, non-apoptotic form of cell death associated with the formation of large cytoplasmic vacuoles. We further show that ZIKV-induced vacuoles are derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and dependent on the PI3K/Akt signaling axis. Inhibiting the Sec61 ER translocon in ZIKV-infected cells blocked vacuole formation and viral production. Our results provide mechanistic insight behind the ZIKV-induced cytopathic effect and indicate that IFITM3, by acting as a gatekeeper for incoming virus, restricts virus takeover of the ER and subsequent cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sonia Amraoui
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Julien Burlaud-Gaillard
- INSERM U966 & Platefome IBiSA de Microscopie Electronique, Université François Rabelais and CHRU de Tours, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Roy
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Pierre Génin
- Signaling and Pathogenesis Laboratory and CNRS UMR3691, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Meertens
- INSERM U944, CNRS 7212 Laboratoire de Pathologie et Virologie Moléculaire, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Laura Sinigaglia
- Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3569, Paris, France
| | - Nolwenn Jouvenet
- Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3569, Paris, France
| | - Robert Weil
- Signaling and Pathogenesis Laboratory and CNRS UMR3691, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Etienne Simon-Lorière
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
- CNRS URA 3012, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Moris
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections - CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Roingeard
- INSERM U966 & Platefome IBiSA de Microscopie Electronique, Université François Rabelais and CHRU de Tours, Paris, France
| | - Ali Amara
- INSERM U944, CNRS 7212 Laboratoire de Pathologie et Virologie Moléculaire, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3569, Paris, France
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