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Smoking and Neuropsychiatric Disease-Associations and Underlying Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147272. [PMID: 34298890 PMCID: PMC8304236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive efforts to combat cigarette smoking/tobacco use, it still remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, killing more than eight million people each year. While tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases related to the four main groups—cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic lung disease, and diabetes—its impact on neuropsychiatric risk is rather elusive. The aim of this review article is to emphasize the importance of smoking as a potential risk factor for neuropsychiatric disease and to identify central pathophysiological mechanisms that may contribute to this relationship. There is strong evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies indicating that smoking may increase the risk of various neuropsychiatric diseases, such as dementia/cognitive decline, schizophrenia/psychosis, depression, anxiety disorder, and suicidal behavior induced by structural and functional alterations of the central nervous system, mainly centered on inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. From a public health perspective, preventive measures and policies designed to counteract the global epidemic of smoking should necessarily include warnings and actions that address the risk of neuropsychiatric disease.
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Bravo MA, Miranda ML. Effects of accumulated environmental, social and host exposures on early childhood educational outcomes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 198:111241. [PMID: 33933487 PMCID: PMC8176571 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent disparities in academic performance may result from a confluence of adverse exposures accruing disproportionately to specific subpopulations. OBJECTIVE Our overarching objective was to investigate how multiple exposures experienced over time affect early childhood educational outcomes. We were specifically interested in whether there were: racial/ethnic disparities in prevalence of adverse exposures; racial/ethnic disparities in associations observed between adverse exposures and early childhood educational outcomes; and interactions between exposures, suggesting that one exposure augments susceptibility to adverse effects of another exposure. METHODS We link geocoded North Carolina birth data for non-Hispanic white (NHW) and non-Hispanic black (NHB) children to blood lead surveillance data and 4th grade end-of-grade (EOG) standardized test scores (n = 65,151). We construct a local, spatial index of racial isolation (RI) of NHB at the block group level. We fit race-stratified multi-level models of reading and mathematics EOG scores regressed on birthweight percentile for gestational age, blood lead level, maternal smoking, economic disadvantage, and RI, adjusting for maternal- and child-level covariates and median household income. RESULTS There were marked racial/ethnic disparities in prevalence of adverse exposures. Specifically, NHB children were more likely than NHW children to be economically disadvantaged (80% vs. 40%), live in block groups with the highest quintile of RI (46% vs. 5%), have higher blood lead levels (4.6 vs. 3.7 μg/dL), and lower birthweight percentile for gestational age (mean: 39th percentile vs. 51st percentile). NHB children were less likely to have mothers who reported smoking during pregnancy (11% and 22%). We observed associations between key adverse exposures and reading and math EOG scores in 4th grade. Higher birthweight percentile for gestational age was associated with higher EOG scores, while economic disadvantage, maternal smoking, and elevated blood lead levels were associated with lower EOG scores. Associations observed for NHB and NHW children were generally not statistically different from one another, with the exception of neighborhood RI. NHB children residing in block groups in the highest RI quintile had reading and math scores 1.54 (0.74, 2.34) and 1.12 (0.38, 1.87) points lower, respectively, compared to those in the lowest RI quintile; statistically significant decrements in EOG scores associated with RI were not observed for NHW children. We did not find evidence of multiplicative interactions between exposures for NHB or NHW children. DISCUSSION Key adverse host, environmental, and social exposures accrue disproportionately to NHB children. Decrements in test scores associated with key adverse exposures were often but not always larger for NHB children, but were not significantly different from those estimated for NHW children. While we did not observe interactive effects, NHB children on average experience more deleterious combined exposures, resulting in larger decrements to test scores compared to NHW children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes A Bravo
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Division, Research Triangle Institute (RTI) International, Durham, NC, USA; Children's Environmental Health Initiative, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA.
| | - Marie Lynn Miranda
- Children's Environmental Health Initiative, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA; Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA
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Buck JM, O'Neill HC, Stitzel JA. The Intergenerational Transmission of Developmental Nicotine Exposure-Induced Neurodevelopmental Disorder-Like Phenotypes is Modulated by the Chrna5 D397N Polymorphism in Adolescent Mice. Behav Genet 2021; 51:665-684. [PMID: 34159514 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-021-10071-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Maternal tobacco smoking during pregnancy constitutes developmental nicotine exposure (DNE) and is associated with nicotine dependence and neurodevelopmental disorders in both children and grandchildren as well as animal models thereof. Genetic variants such as the CHRNA5 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs16969968, which leads to an aspartic acid to asparagine substitution at amino acid position 398 (D398N) in the alpha-5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit, can also confer risk for nicotine dependence and neurodevelopmental disorders in the absence of DNE. However, the degrees to which, the consequences of maternal smoking on offspring outcomes are influenced by genetic variants and interactions therewith are not well understood. Addressing this void in the literature, the present study utilizes a DNE mouse model engineered to possess the equivalent of the human D398N SNP in CHRNA5 (D397N SNP in mice) to assess how the N397 risk allele impacts the induction and intergenerational transmission of a range of neurodevelopmental disorder-related behavioral phenotypes in first- and second-generation DNE offspring. Results reveal that offspring possessing the N397 variant in the absence of DNE as well as DNE offspring and grand offspring possessing theD397 variant exhibit analogous neurodevelopmental disorder-like phenotypes including hyperactivity, risk-taking behaviors, aberrant rhythmicity of activity, and enhanced nicotine consumption. DNE amplified these behavioral anomalies in first-generation N397 progeny, but the severity of DNE-evoked behavioral perturbations did not significantly differ between first-generation D397 and N397 DNE mice for any measure. Remarkably, the behavioral profiles of second-generation N397 DNE progeny closely resembled DNE-naive D397 mice, suggesting that the N397 variant may protect against the intergenerational transmission of DNE-induced neurodevelopmental disorder-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Buck
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0447, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - Heidi C O'Neill
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0447, USA
| | - Jerry A Stitzel
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0447, USA.
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA.
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Zhou L, Tao X, Pang G, Mu M, Sun Q, Liu F, Hu Y, Tao H, Li B, Xu K. Maternal Nicotine Exposure Alters Hippocampal Microglia Polarization and Promotes Anti-inflammatory Signaling in Juvenile Offspring in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:661304. [PMID: 34045967 PMCID: PMC8144443 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.661304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence reveal that maternal smoking or perinatal nicotine replacement therapy impairs hippocampal neurogenesis, neural development, and cognitive behaviors in the offspring. Microglia is a source of non-neural regulation of neuronal development and postnatal neurogenesis. In this study, we explored the impact of nicotine on the microglia during the development of hippocampus. Developmental nicotine exposure in a mouse model was conducted by supplementing nicotine in the drinking water to mother mice during gestation and lactation period. We found that juvenile offspring with maternal nicotine exposure presented physical and neurobehavioral development delay and an increase in anxiety-like behavior in the open field test on postnatal day (PND) 20. To further detect possible developmental neurotoxic effects of nicotine in offspring and underlying mechanism, whole genome microarray analysis of the expression profile of the hippocampus was performed on postnatal day 20. Significant alterations in the expression of genes related to inflammatory, neurotransmitter, and synapsis were observed in the hippocampus after maternal nicotine exposure, as compared to the vehicle control. Concurrently, an increase in microglial markers and the presence of M2 polarity state in the hippocampus of the nicotine offspring were observed by histological analysis and confocal z-stacking scanning. The M2 microglial polarization state was further confirmed with in vitro primary microglia culture by cytokine array, and double-positive expression of BDNF/Iba1 in microglia by immunohistochemical staining in the juvenile offspring hippocampus was visualized. We also found that nicotine offspring showed an increase of neurite length in the molecular layer and CA1 by Tuj1 staining, as well as an increase in the expression of synapse associated protein, PSD95, but the expression of NeuroD1 in CA1 and CA3 reduced. In summary, maternal nicotine exposure dysregulates immune-related genes expression by skewing the polarity of M2 microglia in the hippocampus, which may cause abnormal cognitive and behavioral performance in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Center for Medical Research, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Xinrong Tao
- Center for Medical Research, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Health, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Safety and Health, Anhui Province, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Gang Pang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Min Mu
- Center for Medical Research, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Health, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Safety and Health, Anhui Province, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Qixian Sun
- Center for Medical Research, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Center for Medical Research, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Yuting Hu
- Center for Medical Research, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Huihui Tao
- Center for Medical Research, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Health, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Safety and Health, Anhui Province, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Bing Li
- Center for Medical Research, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Keyi Xu
- Center for Medical Research, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Control and Occupational Health, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Safety and Health, Anhui Province, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
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Gibson L, Porter M. Alcohol and Tobacco use While Breastfeeding and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder or Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:1223-1234. [PMID: 33893938 PMCID: PMC8067780 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05027-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Research has linked prenatal alcohol and tobacco use with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and variably with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Lactational use has been scantly considered. This study examined whether it may alter ADHD or ASD risk. Participants were 5107 infants recruited in 2004 and assessed longitudinally for the Growing Up in Australia Study. Logistic regression did not find any associations between maternal alcohol and tobacco use while breastfeeding and ADHD or ASD diagnosis at ages 6–7 or 10–11 years. Alcohol and tobacco use during lactation may not increase ADHD or ASD risk. Abstaining from alcohol and tobacco, however, may still be the safest option. Analyses were limited by lack of alcohol timing and retrospective variables that future research should address.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Gibson
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Balaclava Road, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Melanie Porter
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Balaclava Road, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
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Gómez-Cano S, Zapata-Ospina JP, Arcos-Burgos M, Palacio-Ortiz JD. The role of psychosocial adversity in the aetiology and course of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2021; 52:S0034-7450(21)00048-2. [PMID: 33849717 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has genetic and environmental aetiological factors. There are few publications on the environmental factors. The objective of this review is to present the role of psychosocial adversity in the aetiology and course of ADHD. METHODS A search was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO, ClinicalKey, EMBASE, Lilacs, OVID, APA and PsycNET. English and Spanish were selected without being limited by type of study or year of publication. Finally, a qualitative synthesis was conducted. RESULTS ADHD development could be related to exposure to adverse factors in the family, school or social environment. It has been proposed as an explanatory mechanism that adversity interacts with genetic variants and leads to neurobiological changes. There may also be a gene-environment correlation whereby individual hereditary characteristics increase the risk of exposure to adversity, and indirectly increase the probability of developing ADHD. Research on psychosocial adversity represents a big challenge, not only due to the complexity of its construct, but also to the effect of subjective perception of a given event. CONCLUSIONS ADHD aetiology is complex and involves the interaction of both genetic and environmental factors, in which these factors correlate and cause the disorder. The study of the role of psychosocial adversity in ADHD is fundamental, but it remains a task that entails great difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujey Gómez-Cano
- Hospital San Vicente de Paúl, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan Pablo Zapata-Ospina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Mauricio Arcos-Burgos
- Hospital San Vicente de Paúl, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan David Palacio-Ortiz
- Hospital San Vicente de Paúl, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
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57
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Sibley MH, Ortiz M, Gaias LM, Reyes R, Joshi M, Alexander D, Graziano P. Top problems of adolescents and young adults with ADHD during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 136:190-197. [PMID: 33610946 PMCID: PMC8009847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE ADHD symptom severity appears to be exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study surveyed top problems experienced by adolescents and young adults (A/YAs) with ADHD during the COVID-19 pandemic to identify possible reasons for symptom escalation and potential targets for intervention. We also explored perceived benefits of the pandemic for A/YAs with ADHD. METHOD At the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-June 2020), we administered self and parent ratings about current and pre-pandemic top problem severity and benefits of the pandemic to a sample of convenience (N = 134 A/YAs with ADHD participating in a prospective longitudinal study). RESULTS The most common top problems reported in the sample were social isolation (parent-report: 26.7%; self-report: 41.5%), difficulties engaging in online learning (parent-report: 23.3%, self-report: 20.3%), motivation problems (parent-report: 27.9%), and boredom (self-report: 21.3%). According to parent (d = 0.98) and self-report (d = 1.33), these top problems were more severe during the pandemic than in prior months. Contrary to previous speculation, there was no evidence that pandemic-related changes mitigated ADHD severity. Multi-level models indicated that A/YAs with higher IQs experienced severer top problems exacerbations at the transition to the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS For A/YAs with ADHD, several risk factors for depression and school dropout were incurred during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. A/YAs with ADHD should be monitored for school disengagement and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommended interventions attend to reducing risk factors such as increasing social interaction, academic motivation, and behavioral activation among A/YAs with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret H Sibley
- University of Washington, 1410 Campus Parkway, Seattle, WA, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Mercedes Ortiz
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Larissa M Gaias
- University of Massachusetts Lowell, 220 Pawtucket St, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Rosemary Reyes
- University of Washington, 1410 Campus Parkway, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mahima Joshi
- University of Washington, 1410 Campus Parkway, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dana Alexander
- University of Washington, 1410 Campus Parkway, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paulo Graziano
- Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, USA
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Roigé-Castellví J, Morales-Hidalgo P, Voltas N, Hernández-Martínez C, van Ginkel G, Canals J. Prenatal and perinatal factors associated with ADHD risk in schoolchildren: EPINED epidemiological study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30:347-358. [PMID: 32242248 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01519-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between pre- and perinatal factors and ADHD in a sample of scholars exploring differences between ADHD presentations and spectrum of severity. A total of 6720 scholars (aged 3-4 and 10-11) participated in a double-phase epidemiologic cross-sectional study (Epidemiological Study of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, EPINED), and a sample of 646 scholars (ADHD risk, ASD risk and controls without risk) were individually assessed in the second phase of the study. The ADHD diagnosis, based on DSM-5 criteria, was performed with the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders & Schizophrenia, Present & Lifetime Version. Associations for the different ADHD presentations between prenatal, perinatal and postnatal factors and ADHD (n = 168), subclinical ADHD (n = 88) and non-ADHD (n = 310) were analysed. Logistic regression models showed that gestational diabetes (p = 0.012), instrumental delivery (p = 0.011), family history of psychopathology (p = 0.033) and maternal ADHD phenotype (p = 0.023) were associated with ADHD. These factors were related to the hyperactive-impulsive and combined presentations, but they were not related to the inattentive presentation. Maternal weight gain was associated with subclinical ADHD. In conclusion, metabolic disorder in the pregnancy, difficulties in childbirth and specific family phenotype were related to ADHD, specifically with hyperactive-impulsive presentation, but not in subclinical ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Roigé-Castellví
- Department of Psychology, Facultat de Ciències de l'Educació i Psicologia, Research Center for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carretera de Valls, s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Paula Morales-Hidalgo
- Department of Psychology, Facultat de Ciències de l'Educació i Psicologia, Research Center for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carretera de Valls, s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Núria Voltas
- Department of Psychology, Facultat de Ciències de l'Educació i Psicologia, Research Center for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carretera de Valls, s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carmen Hernández-Martínez
- Department of Psychology, Facultat de Ciències de l'Educació i Psicologia, Research Center for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carretera de Valls, s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Georgette van Ginkel
- Department of Psychology, Facultat de Ciències de l'Educació i Psicologia, Research Center for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carretera de Valls, s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josefa Canals
- Department of Psychology, Facultat de Ciències de l'Educació i Psicologia, Research Center for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carretera de Valls, s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
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Thapar A, Rice F. Family-Based Designs that Disentangle Inherited Factors from Pre- and Postnatal Environmental Exposures: In Vitro Fertilization, Discordant Sibling Pairs, Maternal versus Paternal Comparisons, and Adoption Designs. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:cshperspect.a038877. [PMID: 32152247 PMCID: PMC7919395 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Identifying environmental risk and protective exposures that have causal effects on health is an important scientific goal. Many environmental exposures are nonrandomly allocated and influenced by dispositional factors including inherited ones. We review family-based designs that can separate the influence of environmental exposures from inherited influences shared between parent and offspring. We focus on prenatal exposures. We highlight that the family-based designs that can separate the prenatal environment from inherited confounds are different to those that are able to pull apart later-life environmental exposures from inherited confounds. We provide a brief review of the literature on maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct problems; these inconsistencies in the literature make a review useful and this illustrates that results of family-based genetically informed studies are inconsistent with a causal interpretation for this exposure and these two offspring outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Thapar
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Section, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Frances Rice
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Section, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
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Jorda M, Conant BJ, Sandstrom A, Klug MG, Angal J, Burd L. Protective factors against tobacco and alcohol use among pregnant women from a tribal nation in the Central United States. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0243924. [PMID: 33571225 PMCID: PMC7877617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying social determinants of tobacco and alcohol use during pregnancy is critical to improving health outcomes for the next generation. This is especially important on a rural Tribal Nation where influences such as isolation, cultural barriers, and historical trauma have made it uniquely challenging to prevent substance use during pregnancy. The purpose of this study is to identify population-specific factors that are protective against smoking and drinking during pregnancy. We used data from 421 pregnancies collected as a part of the Safe Passages study from a rural Tribal Nation in the central United States. Pregnant women were classified as women who did not smoke (n = 84), women who quit during pregnancy (n = 23), women who smoked during pregnancy (n = 314), and women who both smoked and drank alcohol during pregnancy (n = 149). Demographic data revealed that 28.8% of the mothers were currently employed, and 91.8% of mothers reported a household income of less than $3,000 per year. Substance use rates were higher than national averages: 74.6% smoked during pregnancy and 35.4% of the women both smoked and drank alcohol during pregnancy. Five factors were identified as being protective against substance use during pregnancy: 1) living with someone (81% less likely to smoke and 92% less likely to smoke and drink), 2) having at least 12 years of education (128% less likely to smoke, and 126% less likely to smoke and drink), 3) having over 12 years of education (235% less likely to smoke, and 206% less likely to smoke and drink), 4) being employed (158% less likely to smoke, and 111% less likely to smoke and drink), and 5) not being depressed (214% less likely to smoke, and 229% less likely to smoke and drink). These social determinants should be considered for intervention research to decrease rates of substance use during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah Jorda
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
| | - Bradley J. Conant
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
| | - Anne Sandstrom
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
| | - Marilyn G. Klug
- Department of Population Health, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
| | - Jyoti Angal
- Department of Clinical Research, Alvera Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, United States of America
| | - Larry Burd
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Maternal acute and chronic inflammation in pregnancy is associated with common neurodevelopmental disorders: a systematic review. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:71. [PMID: 33479207 PMCID: PMC7820474 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01198-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is increasingly recognized as a cause or consequence of common problems of humanity including obesity, stress, depression, pollution and disease states such as autoimmunity, asthma, and infection. Maternal immune activation (MIA), triggered by both acute and systemic chronic inflammation, is hypothesized to be one of the mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). Although there is substantial preclinical evidence to support the MIA hypothesis, the human evidence is disparate. We performed a systematic review on human studies examining associations between maternal inflammatory states and offspring NDDs (autism spectrum disorder- ASD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder-ADHD, Tourette syndrome-TS). 32 meta-analyses and 26 additional individual studies were identified. Maternal states associated with ASD include obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus, pre-eclampsia, pollution, stress, depression, autoimmune diseases, and infection. Maternal states associated with ADHD include obesity, pre-eclampsia, smoking, low socioeconomic status (SES), stress, autoimmune disease, and asthma. Maternal states associated with TS include low SES, depression, and autoimmune diseases. Diverse maternal inflammatory states in pregnancy are associated with common offspring NDDs. Given the increased prevalence of NDDs, there is urgent need to explore relative and cumulative maternal risk factors and disease mechanisms. Defining preventable risk factors in high-risk pregnancies could mitigate the expression and severity of NDDs.
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Rojas-Rueda D, Morales-Zamora E, Alsufyani WA, Herbst CH, AlBalawi SM, Alsukait R, Alomran M. Environmental Risk Factors and Health: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020704. [PMID: 33467516 PMCID: PMC7830944 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Environmental health is a growing area of knowledge, continually increasing and updating the body of evidence linking the environment to human health. Aim: This study summarizes the epidemiological evidence on environmental risk factors from meta-analyses through an umbrella review. Methods: An umbrella review was conducted on meta-analyses of cohort, case-control, case-crossover, and time-series studies that evaluated the associations between environmental risk factors and health outcomes defined as incidence, prevalence, and mortality. The specific search strategy was designed in PubMed using free text and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms related to risk factors, environment, health outcomes, observational studies, and meta-analysis. The search was limited to English, Spanish, and French published articles and studies on humans. The search was conducted on September 20, 2020. Risk factors were defined as any attribute, characteristic, or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or death. The environment was defined as the external elements and conditions that surround, influence, and affect a human organism or population’s life and development. The environment definition included the physical environment such as nature, built environment, or pollution, but not the social environment. We excluded occupational exposures, microorganisms, water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), behavioral risk factors, and no-natural disasters. Results: This umbrella review found 197 associations among 69 environmental exposures and 83 diseases and death causes reported in 103 publications. The environmental factors found in this review were air pollution, environmental tobacco smoke, heavy metals, chemicals, ambient temperature, noise, radiation, and urban residential surroundings. Among these, we identified 65 environmental exposures defined as risk factors and 4 environmental protective factors. In terms of study design, 57 included cohort and/or case-control studies, and 46 included time-series and/or case-crossover studies. In terms of the study population, 21 included children, and the rest included adult population and both sexes. In this review, the largest body of evidence was found in air pollution (91 associations among 14 air pollution definitions and 34 diseases and mortality diagnoses), followed by environmental tobacco smoke with 24 associations. Chemicals (including pesticides) were the third larger group of environmental exposures found among the meta-analyses included, with 19 associations. Conclusion: Environmental exposures are an important health determinant. This review provides an overview of an evolving research area and should be used as a complementary tool to understand the connections between the environment and human health. The evidence presented by this review should help to design public health interventions and the implementation of health in all policies approach aiming to improve populational health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rojas-Rueda
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Environmental Health Building, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(970)-491-7038; Fax: +1-(970)-491-2940
| | | | - Wael Abdullah Alsufyani
- Saudi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, 70 SCDC Building, Al Aarid, King Abdulaziz Rd, Riyadh 13354, Saudi Arabia; (W.A.A.); (S.M.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Christopher H. Herbst
- Health, Nutrition and Population Global Practice, The World Bank, Diplomatic Quarter, Riyadh Country Office, Riyadh 94623, Saudi Arabia; (C.H.H.); (R.A.)
| | - Salem M. AlBalawi
- Saudi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, 70 SCDC Building, Al Aarid, King Abdulaziz Rd, Riyadh 13354, Saudi Arabia; (W.A.A.); (S.M.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Reem Alsukait
- Health, Nutrition and Population Global Practice, The World Bank, Diplomatic Quarter, Riyadh Country Office, Riyadh 94623, Saudi Arabia; (C.H.H.); (R.A.)
- Community Health Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashael Alomran
- Saudi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, 70 SCDC Building, Al Aarid, King Abdulaziz Rd, Riyadh 13354, Saudi Arabia; (W.A.A.); (S.M.A.); (M.A.)
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Diemer E, Hudson JI, Javaras KN. More (Adjustment) Is Not Always Better: How Directed Acyclic Graphs Can Help Researchers Decide Which Covariates to Include in Models for the Causal Relationship between an Exposure and an Outcome in Observational Research. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2021; 90:289-298. [PMID: 34252900 PMCID: PMC8974490 DOI: 10.1159/000517104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Diemer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James I. Hudson
- McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St, Belmont, MA 02478, USA,Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - K. N. Javaras
- McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St, Belmont, MA 02478, USA,Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Huang A, Wu K, Cai Z, Lin Y, Zhang X, Huang Y. Association between postnatal second-hand smoke exposure and ADHD in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:1370-1380. [PMID: 33097989 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11269-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder which is caused by the interplay of genetic and environmental risk factors such as second-hand smoke (SHS). The association between postnatal exposure to SHS and ADHD risk in children was still inconclusive. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the definite association. We searched for relevant studies from PubMed, Embase, Ovid, and Web of Science databases up to January 2020. We used random effect models to calculate pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Subgroup analyses and sensitive analyses were also performed to solve the heterogeneity. According to our inclusion criteria, 9 studies including 6 cross-sectional studies, 2 cohort studies, and 1 case-control study were included in the final analysis. Postnatal exposure to SHS increased the risk of ADHD in children (OR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.37-1.87). Children who exposed to SHS were found a slight risk for conduct problems (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.00-1.77). Among the studies which used cotinine as a biomarker for SHS exposure, a lower pooled OR (OR = 1.16, 95%CI = 1.01, 1.33) was observed between cotinine and ADHD in children. Our meta-analysis results suggested that SHS exposure may be a risk factor for ADHD. We also found that SHS exposure may be associated with some adverse behavioral outcomes. More prospective studies should be conducted to confirm the relationship between SHS exposure and ADHD in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyan Huang
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, North Taishan Road, Shantou, 515065, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kusheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Zemin Cai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuhang Lin
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, North Taishan Road, Shantou, 515065, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xuanzhi Zhang
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, North Taishan Road, Shantou, 515065, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yanhong Huang
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, North Taishan Road, Shantou, 515065, Guangdong Province, China.
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Effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders among offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2020; 64:1-12. [PMID: 33371659 PMCID: PMC7834763 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.20252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Current studies have controversial reports about the effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) on the risk of psychiatric disorders among offspring. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effect of MSDP on the risk of Tourette syndrome (TS) and chronic tic disorders (CTD) among offspring. A systematic search using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted up to July 2019 to retrieve potential studies in English. Fixed and random-effects meta-analyses was performed to estimate pooled relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) according to heterogeneity. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Heterogeneity among studies was explored using the I2 statistic. Of the 641 studies from the initial search, 7 were included in the quantitative synthesis (3 cohort and 4 case control studies). Overall, MSDP increased the risk of TS and CTD among the offspring by 35% (pooled RR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.17–1.56; I2=45.8%; P-value=0.08). The results of this meta-analysis revealed that there is a significant association between MSDP and the risk of TS and CTD in offspring, and MSDP may be considered a potential risk factor for TS and CTD.
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66
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Merkus PJ, Turner S. Vitamin C against the harmful effects of prenatal passive smoking: when all other options fail? Eur Respir J 2020. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02770-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Environmental risk factors, protective factors, and peripheral biomarkers for ADHD: an umbrella review. Lancet Psychiatry 2020; 7:955-970. [PMID: 33069318 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30312-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many potential environmental risk factors, environmental protective factors, and peripheral biomarkers for ADHD have been investigated, but the consistency and magnitude of their effects are unclear. We aimed to systematically appraise the published evidence of association between potential risk factors, protective factors, or peripheral biomarkers, and ADHD. METHODS In this umbrella review of meta-analyses, we searched PubMed including MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, from database inception to Oct 31, 2019, and screened the references of relevant articles. We included systematic reviews that provided meta-analyses of observational studies that examined associations of potential environmental risk factors, environmental protective factors, or peripheral biomarkers with diagnosis of ADHD. We included meta-analyses that used categorical ADHD diagnosis criteria according to DSM, hyperkinetic disorder according to ICD, or criteria that were less rigorous than DSM or ICD, such as self-report. We excluded articles that did not examine environmental risk factors, environmental protective factors, or peripheral biomarkers of ADHD; articles that did not include a meta-analysis; and articles that did not present enough data for re-analysis. We excluded non-human studies, primary studies, genetic studies, and conference abstracts. We calculated summary effect estimates (odds ratio [OR], relative risk [RR], weighted mean difference [WMD], Cohen's d, and Hedges' g), 95% CI, heterogeneity I2 statistic, 95% prediction interval, small study effects, and excess significance biases. We did analyses under credibility ceilings, and assessed the quality of the meta-analyses with AMSTAR 2 (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2). This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42019145032. FINDINGS We identified 1839 articles, of which 35 were eligible for inclusion. These 35 articles yielded 63 meta-analyses encompassing 40 environmental risk factors and environmental protective factors (median cases 16 850, median population 91 954) and 23 peripheral biomarkers (median cases 175, median controls 187). Evidence of association was convincing (class I) for maternal pre-pregnancy obesity (OR 1·63, 95% CI 1·49 to 1·77), childhood eczema (1·31, 1·20 to 1·44), hypertensive disorders during pregnancy (1·29, 1·22 to 1·36), pre-eclampsia (1·28, 1·21 to 1·35), and maternal acetaminophen exposure during pregnancy (RR 1·25, 95% CI 1·17 to 1·34). Evidence of association was highly suggestive (class II) for maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR 1·6, 95% CI 1·45 to 1·76), childhood asthma (1·51, 1·4 to 1·63), maternal pre-pregnancy overweight (1·28, 1·21 to 1·35), and serum vitamin D (WMD -6·93, 95% CI -9·34 to -4·51). INTERPRETATION Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity and overweight; pre-eclampsia, hypertension, acetaminophen exposure, and smoking during pregnancy; and childhood atopic diseases were strongly associated with ADHD. Previous familial studies suggest that maternal pre-pregnancy obesity, overweight, and smoking during pregnancy are confounded by familial or genetic factors, and further high-quality studies are therefore required to establish causality. FUNDING None.
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68
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DNA methylation associated with persistent ADHD suggests TARBP1 as novel candidate. Neuropharmacology 2020; 184:108370. [PMID: 33137342 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by age-inappropriate symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity. ADHD is highly prevalent in childhood and often persists into adulthood. Both genetic variants and environmental factors play a role in the onset and persistence of ADHD, and epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation are considered as a link for their interplay. To investigate this, we studied DNA methylation in 37 candidate genes by performing targeted bisulfite sequencing of DNA isolated from whole blood of N = 88 individuals diagnosed with adult ADHD and N = 91 unaffected individuals (mean age 34.2 years). Differentially methylated sites were assessed by generalized linear models testing ADHD status and ADHD symptoms, accounting for a methylation-based smoking score, age, sex, and blood cell count. DNA methylation of single sites within DRD4 and KLDR1 was associated with adult ADHD status, and multiple DNA methylation sites within TARBP1 were associated with ADHD symptoms in adulthood and childhood. Awaiting replication, findings of this pilot study point to TARBP1 as a new candidate gene for ADHD symptoms. Our work also stresses the need for research to further examine the effects of environmental factors, such as nicotine exposure, on epigenetic modifications associated with psychiatric traits.
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69
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Albrecht D, Ittermann T, Thamm M, Grabe HJ, Bahls M, Völzke H. The association between thyroid function biomarkers and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18285. [PMID: 33106555 PMCID: PMC7588469 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75228-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The relation between thyroid function biomarkers and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents is currently unclear. Cross-sectional data from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS Baseline) was analyzed to assess the association between thyroid function biomarkers and ADHD in a population-based, nationally representative sample. The study cohort included 11,588 children and adolescents with 572 and 559 having an ADHD diagnosis or symptoms, respectively. ADHD symptoms were assessed through the Inattention/Hyperactivity subscale of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. ADHD diagnosis was determined by a physician or psychologist. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), and free thyroxine (fT4) concentrations were determined enzymatically. Adjusted regression models were used to relate serum TSH, fT3, and fT4 with risk for ADHD diagnosis or symptoms. In children, a 1 mIU/l higher TSH was related to a 10% lower risk (odds ratio [OR] 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.81–1.00) of ADHD diagnosis. We found a significant positive association between fT3 and continuously assessed ADHD symptoms in children (β 0.08; 95% CI 0.03–0.14). Our results suggest that physical maturity may influence the association between thyroid function biomarkers and risk for ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Albrecht
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany. .,Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Till Ittermann
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner-Site Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Thamm
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörgen Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE), Partner-Site Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Bahls
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner-Site Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner-Site Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
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70
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Firth J, Solmi M, Wootton RE, Vancampfort D, Schuch FB, Hoare E, Gilbody S, Torous J, Teasdale SB, Jackson SE, Smith L, Eaton M, Jacka FN, Veronese N, Marx W, Ashdown-Franks G, Siskind D, Sarris J, Rosenbaum S, Carvalho AF, Stubbs B. A meta-review of "lifestyle psychiatry": the role of exercise, smoking, diet and sleep in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders. World Psychiatry 2020; 19:360-380. [PMID: 32931092 PMCID: PMC7491615 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing academic and clinical interest in how "lifestyle factors" traditionally associated with physical health may also relate to mental health and psychological well-being. In response, international and national health bodies are producing guidelines to address health behaviors in the prevention and treatment of mental illness. However, the current evidence for the causal role of lifestyle factors in the onset and prognosis of mental disorders is unclear. We performed a systematic meta-review of the top-tier evidence examining how physical activity, sleep, dietary patterns and tobacco smoking impact on the risk and treatment outcomes across a range of mental disorders. Results from 29 meta-analyses of prospective/cohort studies, 12 Mendelian randomization studies, two meta-reviews, and two meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials were synthesized to generate overviews of the evidence for targeting each of the specific lifestyle factors in the prevention and treatment of depression, anxiety and stress-related disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Standout findings include: a) convergent evidence indicating the use of physical activity in primary prevention and clinical treatment across a spectrum of mental disorders; b) emerging evidence implicating tobacco smoking as a causal factor in onset of both common and severe mental illness; c) the need to clearly establish causal relations between dietary patterns and risk of mental illness, and how diet should be best addressed within mental health care; and d) poor sleep as a risk factor for mental illness, although with further research required to understand the complex, bidirectional relations and the benefits of non-pharmacological sleep-focused interventions. The potentially shared neurobiological pathways between multiple lifestyle factors and mental health are discussed, along with directions for future research, and recommendations for the implementation of these findings at public health and clinical service levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Firth
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western -Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Marco Solmi
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Robyn E Wootton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Davy Vancampfort
- KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
- University Psychiatric Centre KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Felipe B Schuch
- Department of Sports Methods and -Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Erin Hoare
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR) and MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of -Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon Gilbody
- Mental Health and Addictions Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - John Torous
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Canter, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott B Teasdale
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, -Australia
| | - Sarah E Jackson
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lee Smith
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, -Cambridge, UK
| | - Melissa Eaton
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western -Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Felice N Jacka
- Food & Mood Centre, IMPACT - Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- Food & Mood Centre, IMPACT - Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Garcia Ashdown-Franks
- Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dan Siskind
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jerome Sarris
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western -Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, The Melbourne Clinic, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon Rosenbaum
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, -Australia
| | - André F Carvalho
- Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Sadeghiyeh T, Dastgheib SA, Lookzadeh MH, Noori-Shadkam M, Akbarian-Bafghi MJ, Zare-Shehneh M, Poursharif Z, Neamatzadeh H. Association of MTHFR 677C > T and 1298A > C polymorphisms with susceptibility to attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2020; 39:422-429. [PMID: 31573368 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2019.1666330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: The associations of MTHFR polymorphisms with risk of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are poorly elucidated. This study was performed to evaluate the association of MTHFR polymorphisms with ADHD risk in Iranian children.Methods: This case-control study included 214 children with ADHD and 220 healthy subjects. The MTHFR 677C > T and 1298A > C polymorphisms were genotyped by an ABI PRISMs 7500 real-time PCR System. The odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of the association.Results: The MTHFR 1298A > C polymorphism CC genotype (OR= 1.526, 95% CI 1.004-2.320, p = 0.048) and C allele (OR= 1.336, 95% CI 0.1023-1.745, p = 0.034) were associated with an increased risk of ADHD. There was no significant association between MTHFR 677C > T polymorphism and increased risk of ADHD.Conclusions: Our results revealed that the MTHFR 1298A > C polymorphism but not the MTHFR 677 C > T is associated with increased risk of ADHD in Iranian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Sadeghiyeh
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research Center of Additional Behavioral Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Dastgheib
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz university of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mahmood Noori-Shadkam
- Department of Pediatrics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Zare-Shehneh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Zahra Poursharif
- Department of Psychology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Neamatzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Mother and Newborn Health Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Marcelle ET, Oliva MT, Hinshaw SP. Gestational Smoking and Hypertension as Predictors of Working Memory Functioning in Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1950. [PMID: 33041878 PMCID: PMC7518085 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition affecting between 5 and 8% of all children and adolescents, characterized by impairing levels of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Existing cognitive models of ADHD have placed working memory (WM) deficits at the core of ADHD and suggest that primary WM deficits may also underlie the additional deficits associated with the condition. Although not all children with ADHD show WM deficits, those with such deficits have been found to have worse functional outcomes when compared to their diagnosed peers with typical WM functioning. Even so, contributors to the variability of impaired WM functioning seen within this population remain unknown. In the present study, we examined the association between two known prenatal and perinatal risk factors for impaired cognitive functioning - gestational smoking and hypertension - in three independent samples of children and adolescents with ADHD (samples varied with respect to sample size and WM measurement procedures). Contrary to hypotheses and existing literature, presence of high blood pressure during pregnancy was unexpectedly found to be a positive predictor of offspring WM capacity in one of three samples (a sample of all girls with ADHD). Implications and considerations for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enitan T. Marcelle
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Mercedes T. Oliva
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Stephen P. Hinshaw
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Schantz SL, Eskenazi B, Buckley JP, Braun JM, Sprowles JN, Bennett DH, Cordero J, Frazier JA, Lewis J, Hertz-Picciotto I, Lyall K, Nozadi SS, Sagiv S, Stroustrup A, Volk HE, Watkins DJ. A framework for assessing the impact of chemical exposures on neurodevelopment in ECHO: Opportunities and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 188:109709. [PMID: 32526495 PMCID: PMC7483364 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program is a research initiative funded by the National Institutes of Health that capitalizes on existing cohort studies to investigate the impact of early life environmental factors on child health and development from infancy through adolescence. In the initial stage of the program, extant data from 70 existing cohort studies are being uploaded to a database that will be publicly available to researchers. This new database will represent an unprecedented opportunity for researchers to combine data across existing cohorts to address associations between prenatal chemical exposures and child neurodevelopment. Data elements collected by ECHO cohorts were determined via a series of surveys administered by the ECHO Data Analysis Center. The most common chemical classes quantified in multiple cohorts include organophosphate pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, environmental phenols (including bisphenol A), phthalates, and metals. For each of these chemicals, at least four ECHO cohorts also collected behavioral data during infancy/early childhood using the Child Behavior Checklist. For these chemicals and this neurodevelopmental assessment (as an example), existing data from multiple ECHO cohorts could be pooled to address research questions requiring larger sample sizes than previously available. In addition to summarizing the data that will be available, the article also describes some of the challenges inherent in combining existing data across cohorts, as well as the gaps that could be filled by the additional data collection in the ECHO Program going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Schantz
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Jessie P Buckley
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Jenna N Sprowles
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Deborah H Bennett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Jose Cordero
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Jean A Frazier
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Johnnye Lewis
- Community Environmental Health Program and Center for Native Environmental Health Equity Research, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | | | - Kristen Lyall
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Sara S Nozadi
- Community Environmental Health Program and Center for Native Environmental Health Equity Research, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Sharon Sagiv
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - AnneMarie Stroustrup
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Heather E Volk
- Departments of Mental Health and Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Deborah J Watkins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Karlsberg Bennett J, O'Neill S, Rajendran K, Halperin JM. Do Preschoolers' Neuropsychological Functioning and Hyperactivity/Inattention Predict Social Functioning Trajectories Through Childhood? J Pediatr Psychol 2020; 45:793-802. [PMID: 32679586 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This longitudinal study examined whether preschool attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and neuropsychological functioning predicted trajectories of children's social functioning from age 3 to 4 through 12 years. METHODS Three- and four-year-old children (N = 208; 72.6% boys) were evaluated annually through age 12. Parent and teacher Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale, Fourth Edition responses during the initial evaluation were used to categorize preschoolers as "High" or "Low" risk for ADHD. Children's neuropsychological functioning was assessed using the NEPSY. Teachers' reports of children's social functioning were obtained annually from preschool through age 12 years using the Adaptability, Functional Communication, and Social Skills subscales of the Behavioral Assessment System for Children, Second Edition. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to assess the trajectories of social functioning and determine whether preschoolers' neuropsychological functioning and ADHD risk status predicted social functioning at age 12 years, and/or change in social functioning throughout childhood. All models controlled for baseline socioeconomic status. RESULTS High Risk children had significantly lower teacher-rated Adaptability and Social Skills at age 12 years. High Risk children and those with lower Verbal neuropsychological functioning in preschool had lower teacher-rated Functional Communication at 12 years old. Lower preschool Verbal neuropsychological functioning predicted greater positive change in teacher-rated Functional Communication across childhood. CONCLUSIONS Early identification of and intervention for children exhibiting ADHD behaviors is critical given the enduring negative impact of these behaviors on social functioning. Screening preschoolers for verbal difficulties is encouraged given their long-term impact on children's ability to clearly express thoughts and feelings and obtain and provide information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah O'Neill
- Doctoral Program in Psychology, The Graduate Center.,Department of Psychology, The City College of New York
| | - Khushmand Rajendran
- Social Sciences, Human Services and Criminal Justice, Borough of Manhattan Community College
| | - Jeffrey M Halperin
- Doctoral Program in Psychology, The Graduate Center.,Psychology Department, Queens College, City University of New York
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Torchin H, Le Lous M, Houdouin V. [In Utero Exposure to Maternal Smoking: Impact on the Child from Birth to Adulthood - CNGOF-SFT Expert Report and Guidelines for Smoking Management during Pregnancy]. GYNECOLOGIE, OBSTETRIQUE, FERTILITE & SENOLOGIE 2020; 48:567-577. [PMID: 32247092 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking during pregnancy leads to fetal passive smoking. It is associated with several obstetrical complications and is a major modifiable factor of maternal and fetal morbidity. Long-term consequences also exist but are less well known to health professionals and in the general population. METHODS Consultation of the Medline® database. RESULTS Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated in the offspring with sudden infant death syndrome (NP2), impaired lung function (NP2), lower respiratory infections and asthma (NP2), overweight and obesity (NP2), cancers (NP3), risk of tobacco use, nicotine dependence and early smoking initiation (NP2). Unadjusted analyses show associations between in utero tobacco exposure and cognitive deficits (NP3), impaired school performance (NP3) and behavioral disorders in children (NP2), which are in a large part explained by environmental factors. There is a cross-generational effect of smoking during pregnancy. For example, an increased risk of asthma is observed in the grandchildren of smoking women (NP4). The respective roles of ante- and post-natal smoking remain difficult to assess. CONCLUSION These results highlight the importance of prevention measures against tobacco use in the general population, as well as screening measures and support for smoking cessation before or at the beginning of the pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Torchin
- Service de médecine et réanimation néonatales de Port-Royal, groupe hospitalier Cochin-Hôtel Dieu, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 123, boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014 Paris, France; Centre de recherche épidémiologie et statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm, INRA, université de Paris, 75004 Paris, France.
| | - M Le Lous
- Département de gynécologie-obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, centre hospitalier universitaire de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France; LTSI-Inserm, université de Rennes 1, UMR 1099, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - V Houdouin
- Service de pneumologie, allergologie et CRCM pédiatrique, hôpital Robert-Debré, 48, boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France; Inserm UMR S 976, immunologie humaine, physiologie et immunothérapie, faculté Paris Diderot, 75018 Paris, France
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76
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Rovira P, Sánchez-Mora C, Pagerols M, Richarte V, Corrales M, Fadeuilhe C, Vilar-Ribó L, Arribas L, Shireby G, Hannon E, Mill J, Casas M, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Soler Artigas M, Ribasés M. Epigenome-wide association study of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:199. [PMID: 32561708 PMCID: PMC7305172 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0860-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder that often persists into adulthood. There is growing evidence that epigenetic dysregulation participates in ADHD. Given that only a limited number of epigenome-wide association studies (EWASs) of ADHD have been conducted so far and they have mainly focused on pediatric and population-based samples, we performed an EWAS in a clinical sample of adults with ADHD. We report one CpG site and four regions differentially methylated between patients and controls, which are located in or near genes previously involved in autoimmune diseases, cancer or neuroticism. Our sensitivity analyses indicate that smoking status is not responsible for these results and that polygenic risk burden for ADHD does not greatly impact the signatures identified. Additionally, we show an overlap of our EWAS findings with genetic signatures previously described for ADHD and with epigenetic signatures for smoking behavior and maternal smoking. These findings support a role of DNA methylation in ADHD and emphasize the need for additional efforts in larger samples to clarify the role of epigenetic mechanisms on ADHD across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Rovira
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Mora
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mireia Pagerols
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanesa Richarte
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Corrales
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Fadeuilhe
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Vilar-Ribó
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Arribas
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Shireby
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Eilis Hannon
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Jonathan Mill
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Miquel Casas
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Soler Artigas
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Marta Ribasés
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Buck JM, O'Neill HC, Stitzel JA. Developmental nicotine exposure engenders intergenerational downregulation and aberrant posttranslational modification of cardinal epigenetic factors in the frontal cortices, striata, and hippocampi of adolescent mice. Epigenetics Chromatin 2020; 13:13. [PMID: 32138755 PMCID: PMC7059320 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-020-00332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal smoking of traditional or electronic cigarettes during pregnancy, which constitutes developmental nicotine exposure (DNE), heightens the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders including ADHD, autism, and schizophrenia in children. Modeling the intergenerationally transmissible impacts of smoking during pregnancy, we previously demonstrated that both the first- and second-generation adolescent offspring of nicotine-exposed female mice exhibit enhanced nicotine preference, hyperactivity and risk-taking behaviors, aberrant rhythmicity of home cage activity, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and dopamine transporter dysfunction, impaired furin-mediated proBDNF proteolysis, hypocorticosteronemia-related glucocorticoid receptor hypoactivity, and global DNA hypomethylation in the frontal cortices and striata. This ensemble of multigenerational DNE-induced behavioral, neuropharmacological, neurotrophic, neuroendocrine, and DNA methylomic anomalies recapitulates the pathosymptomatology of neurodevelopmental disorders such as ADHD, autism, and schizophrenia. Further probing the epigenetic bases of DNE-induced multigenerational phenotypic aberrations, the present study examined the expression and phosphorylation of key epigenetic factors via an array of immunoblot experiments. RESULTS Data indicate that DNE confers intergenerational deficits in corticostriatal DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) expression accompanied by downregulation of methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) in the frontal cortices and hippocampi, while the expression of ten-eleven translocase methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) is unaltered. Moreover, DNE evokes multigenerational abnormalities in HDAC2 (Ser394) but not MeCP2 (Ser421) phosphorylation in the frontal cortices, striata, and hippocampi. CONCLUSIONS In light of the extensive gene regulatory roles of DNMT3A, MeCP2, and HDAC2, the findings of this study that DNE elicits downregulation and aberrant posttranslational modification of these factors in both first- and second-generation DNE mice suggest that epigenetic perturbations may constitute a mechanistic hub for the intergenerational transmission of DNE-induced neurodevelopmental disorder-like phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Buck
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, 1480 30th Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0447, USA.
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA.
| | - Heidi C O'Neill
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, 1480 30th Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0447, USA
| | - Jerry A Stitzel
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, 1480 30th Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0447, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
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Sifat AE, Nozohouri S, Villalba H, Al Shoyaib A, Vaidya B, Karamyan VT, Abbruscato T. Prenatal electronic cigarette exposure decreases brain glucose utilization and worsens outcome in offspring hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. J Neurochem 2020; 153:63-79. [PMID: 31883376 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that prenatal nicotine and tobacco smoke exposure can cause different neurobehavioral disorders in the offspring. We hypothesize that prenatal exposure to nicotine-containing electronic cigarette (e-Cig) vapor can predispose newborn to enhanced sensitivity to hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury and impaired motor and cognitive functions. In this study, pregnant CD1 mice were exposed to e-Cig vapor (2.4% nicotine). Primary cortical neurons isolated from e-Cig exposed fetus were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation (OGD/R) to mimic HI brain injury. Cell viability and glucose utilization were analyzed in these neurons. HI brain injury was induced in 8-9-day-old pups. Short-term brain injury was evaluated by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Long-term motor and cognitive functions were evaluated by open field, novel object recognition, Morris water maze, and foot fault tests. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were done to characterize glucose transporters in offspring brain. We found that e-Cig exposed neurons demonstrated decreased cell viability and glucose utilization in OGD/R. Prenatally e-Cig exposed pups also had increased brain injury and edema 24 hr after HI brain injury. Further, in utero e-Cig exposed offspring with HI brain injury displayed impaired memory, learning, and motor coordination at adolescence. Additionally, the expression of glucose transporters decreased in e-Cig exposed offspring brain after HI brain injury. These results indicate that reduced glucose utilization can contribute to prenatal e-Cig exposure induced worsened HI brain injury in offspring. This study is instrumental in elucidating the possible deleterious effects of e-Cig use in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali E Sifat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Saeideh Nozohouri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Heidi Villalba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Abdullah Al Shoyaib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Bhuvaneshwar Vaidya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | | | - Thomas Abbruscato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
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Guo MMH, Wang LJ, Hsu TY, Yang KD, Kuo HC. Peanut Sensitivity and Allergic Rhinitis in Young Children are Associated with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Adolescence. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:1349-1357. [PMID: 32547038 PMCID: PMC7263365 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s232299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although childhood allergic diseases have been found to be associated with symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, the temporal relationship between these diseases remains unclear. In this study of 97 children, clinical examination and blood samples for total and specific IgE were collected at 6 and 12 years old. PATIENTS AND METHODS We followed a total of 97 children from 6 to 12 years old. Clinical examination and blood samples for total and specific IgE were collected at 6 and 12 years old. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms at 12 years old were evaluated using the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, Version IV Scale Parent Form. RESULTS After accounting for the affect of confounding variables, we found that allergic rhinitis at 6 years old was associated with higher inattention score at 12 years old (β-coefficient 0.356, 95% CI 0.104-0.609, p = 0.006). In addition, higher specific IgE levels for peanuts at 6 years of age were correlated with higher hyperactivity/impulsivity scores (β-coefficient 0.088, 95% CI 0.049-0.126, p < 0.001), and higher specific IgE for peanuts at 12 years of age were correlated with higher opposition/defiance scores (β-coefficient 0.054, 95% CI 0.012-0.096, p = 0.012) at 12 years old in our final linear regression models. CONCLUSION Allergic rhinitis and peanut sensitization in childhood may be associated with more symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity and oppositional defiant disorder in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindy Ming-Huey Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Jen Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Te-Yao Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Kuender D Yang
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical School, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Chang Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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Şair YB, Sevinçok D, Kutlu A, Çakaloz B, Sevinçok L. The affective temperament traits and pregnancy-related depression in mothers may constitute risk factors for their children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2019; 40:1079-1084. [PMID: 31814479 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2019.1679741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether the affective temperaments of mothers and maternal depression before and during the index pregnancy are related to the development of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in their children. One hundred and twenty children were screened for the diagnosis of ADHD. After exclusion and inclusion criteria were applied for children and their mothers, we compared the mothers of children with (n = 63) and without ADHD (n = 60) in terms of affective temperament traits, depression before and during the index pregnancy, and some environmental risk factors. The rate of boys were significantly higher among children with ADHD compared to healthy controls. The mothers of children with ADHD had significantly lower education levels, more cigarette consumption during pregnancy, and more depression rates before the pregnancy than those of healthy children. Male gender (p = .002), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) (p = .002), cyclothymic (p = .022), irritable (p = .035) and anxious temperament scores (p = .016) significantly predicted the association between the mothers and their children with ADHD. Our findings might suggest that male child gender, the severity of depression at index pregnancy, higher cyclothymic, irritable, and anxious temperament scores in mothers may constitute as important risk factors for the development of ADHD in their children.Impact statementWhat is already known on this subject? Although the effects of maternal depression on ADHD were extensively investigated, the relationship between affective temperament traits of mothers and ADHD in their children has not been sufficiently examined. To investigate the roles of maternal affective temperament traits and pregnancy-related depression on offspring ADHD would help us to understand the etiopathogenic bases of ADHD.What do the results of this study add? Cyclothymic, irritable and anxious temperaments of mothers were significantly associated with the offspring ADHD after adjusting for the gender, maternal smoking, prepartum and antenatal depression.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? These findings might demonstrate that some maternal affective temperaments and depression during pregnancy are suggestive of an inherited predisposition to ADHD in offsprings. Longitudinal studies are required to demonstrate the relationship between maternal affective temperament features and the development of affective illness in children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaşan Bilge Şair
- Department of Psychiatry, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Doğa Sevinçok
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Kutlu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dr.Behcet Uz Child Disease and Pediatric Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Burcu Çakaloz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Levent Sevinçok
- Department of Psychiatry, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
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Waltes R, Freitag CM, Herlt T, Lempp T, Seitz C, Palmason H, Meyer J, Chiocchetti AG. Impact of autism-associated genetic variants in interaction with environmental factors on ADHD comorbidities: an exploratory pilot study. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:1679-1693. [PMID: 31707462 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02101-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is determined by genetic and environmental factors, and shares genetic risk with ASD. Functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the metabotropic glutamatergic signaling pathway are reported to increase the risk for ASD. The aim of this pilot study was to explore the main effects of respective ASD variants as well as their interaction effects with well-replicated ADHD environmental risk factors on the risk for ADHD, ADHD symptom severities, and comorbidities. We included 318 children with ADHD, aged 5-13 years, and their parents (N = 164 trios, N = 113 duos, N = 41 singletons). Interaction of ASD risk variants CYFIP1-rs7170637, CYFIP1-rs3693, CAMK4-rs25925, and GRM1-rs6923492 with prenatal biological and lifetime psychosocial risk factors was explored in a subsample with complete environmental risk factors (N = 139 trios, N = 83 duos, two singletons) by transmission disequilibrium test and stepwise regression analyses. We identified nominally significant (alpha < 0.05) GxE interactions of acute life events with CYFIP1-rs3693 on ADHD diagnosis (p = 0.004; fdr = 0.096) but no significant association of any single marker. Further results suggest that the risk for comorbid disruptive disorders was significantly modulated by GxE interactions between familial risk factors and CAMK4-rs25925 (p = 0.001; fdr = 0.018) and prenatal alcohol exposure with CYFIP1-rs3693 (p = 0.003; fdr = 0.027); both findings survived correction for multiple testing (fdr value < 0.05). Nominal significant GxE interactions moderating the risk for anxiety disorders have also been identified, but did not pass multiple testing corrections. This pilot study suggests that common ASD variants of the glutamatergic system interact with prenatal and lifetime psychosocial risk factors influencing the risk for ADHD common comorbidities and thus warrants replication in larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Waltes
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, JW Goethe University, Deutschordenstr. 50, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christine M Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, JW Goethe University, Deutschordenstr. 50, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Timo Herlt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, JW Goethe University, Deutschordenstr. 50, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Lempp
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, JW Goethe University, Deutschordenstr. 50, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christiane Seitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Saarland University Hospital, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Haukur Palmason
- Department of Neurobehavioral Genetics, Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, 54290, Trier, Germany
| | - Jobst Meyer
- Department of Neurobehavioral Genetics, Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, 54290, Trier, Germany
| | - Andreas G Chiocchetti
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, JW Goethe University, Deutschordenstr. 50, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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82
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Zeng Y, Tang Y, Yue Y, Li W, Qiu X, Hu P, Tang J, Wang H, Yang X, Qu Y, Mu D. Cumulative evidence for association of parental diabetes mellitus and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 117:129-139. [PMID: 31706957 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between parental diabetes mellitus and the risk of ADHD in offspring. The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to May 31, 2019. Thirteen observational studies containing 5,052,736 participants were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the quality of the studies using predefined standard procedures. Random-effects model were used. We found that maternal pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) was associated with an increased risk of ADHD in offspring (odds ratio [OR]: 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.31-1.50) in adjusted analyses. Increased risks of ADHD in offspring were also observed among those with maternal preexisting type 1 diabetes (T1D) (OR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.27-1.52) and paternal T1D (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.13-1.28) in adjusted analyses. Sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of our findings. Future studies should use robust designs to address whether the association with parental diabetes mellitus is causal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Ultrasonic Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yan Yue
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wenxing Li
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xia Qiu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Huiqing Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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83
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Desrochers-Couture M, Courtemanche Y, Forget-Dubois N, Bélanger RE, Boucher O, Ayotte P, Cordier S, Jacobson JL, Jacobson SW, Muckle G. Association between early lead exposure and externalizing behaviors in adolescence: A developmental cascade. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 178:108679. [PMID: 31454729 PMCID: PMC6759380 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead (Pb) exposure is associated with adverse neurological development. Most notably, it has been observed through externalizing behavior symptoms, as observed among Inuit children from northern Québec. Evidence for a persistent neurological impact of early Pb exposure later in life is however scarce. Pb exposure may initiate a developmental cascade that increases the risk of long-term behavior problems. OBJECTIVES Testing for direct associations between childhood Pb concentrations and adolescent externalizing symptoms and substance use, as well as indirect associations through childhood behavior assessments. METHODS The study sample is a longitudinal cohort of Inuit children (n = 212) followed since birth. Blood Pb concentrations were measured during childhood (median age = 11.4 years) and adolescence (median age = 18.5 years). Externalizing/inattentive behavior were teacher-assessed through the Teacher Report Form and the Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale for children. At the adolescence follow-up, behavior problems were self-reported by filling Achenbach's Youth Self-Report, the Barkley Adult ADHD-IV Rating Scale, and the Diagnostics Interview Schedule for Children. Adolescent substance use was also self-assessed through the DEP-ADO. Direct and indirect associations of child Pb concentrations with adolescent outcomes were tested through mediation models. RESULTS Child blood Pb concentrations were not directly associated with any adolescent outcomes. On the contrary, childhood Pb exposure was indirectly associated, through childhood externalizing behavior assessments, with adolescent externalizing behaviors, binge drinking, and cannabis use. These indirect associations held after controlling for adolescents' concurrent Pb blood concentrations. DISCUSSION Our results highlight the indirect but lasting effects of child Pb exposure on adolescent behavior problems, and the importance of childhood externalizing behavior in this relationship. Adverse early-life environment put children on a riskier developmental trajectory, increasing their likelihood of lifelong psychological, social and health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yohann Courtemanche
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Richard E Bélanger
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Département de Pédiatrie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Olivier Boucher
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Service de Psychologie, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre Ayotte
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Centre de Toxicologie du Québec, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada; Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvaine Cordier
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Joseph L Jacobson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, USA
| | - Sandra W Jacobson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, USA
| | - Gina Muckle
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
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84
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Nguyen T, Li GE, Chen H, Cranfield CG, McGrath KC, Gorrie CA. Neurological Effects in the Offspring After Switching From Tobacco Cigarettes to E-Cigarettes During Pregnancy in a Mouse Model. Toxicol Sci 2019; 172:191-200. [PMID: 31505003 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Maternal smoking is currently a public health concern and has been associated with a number of complications in the offspring. E-cigarettes are gaining popularity as a “safer” alternative to tobacco cigarettes during pregnancy, however, there are a limited number of studies to suggest that it is actually “safe.” Balb/C female mice were exposed to ambient air (n = 8; Sham), or tobacco cigarette smoke (n = 8; SE) before gestation, during gestation and lactation. A third group was exposed to cigarette smoke before gestation followed by e-cigarette aerosols during gestation and lactation (n = 8; Switch). Male offspring (12-week old, n = 10–14/group) underwent behavioral assessments to investigate short-term memory, anxiety, and activity using the novel object recognition and elevated plus maze tests. Brains were collected at postnatal day (P)1, P20, and Week 13 for global DNA methylation, epigenetic gene expression, and neuronal cell counts. The offspring from mothers switching to e-cigarettes exhibited no change in exploration/activity but showed a decrease in global DNA methylation, Aurora Kinase (Aurk) A and AurkB gene expression and a reduction in neuronal cell numbers in the cornu ammonis 1 region of the dorsal hippocampus compared with the SE group. Continuous tobacco cigarette smoke exposure during pregnancy resulted in marked neurological deficits in the offspring. Switching to e-cigarettes during pregnancy reduced these neurological deficits compared with cigarette smoke exposure. However, neurological changes were still observed, so we therefore conclude that e-cigarette use during pregnancy is not advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Nguyen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Gerard E Li
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Charles G Cranfield
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Kristine C McGrath
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Catherine A Gorrie
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
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85
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Buck JM, O'Neill HC, Stitzel JA. Developmental nicotine exposure elicits multigenerational disequilibria in proBDNF proteolysis and glucocorticoid signaling in the frontal cortices, striata, and hippocampi of adolescent mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 168:438-451. [PMID: 31404529 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Maternal smoking of conventional or vapor cigarettes during pregnancy, a form of developmental nicotine exposure (DNE), enhances the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders such as ADHD, autism, and schizophrenia in children. Modeling the multigenerational effects of smoking during pregnancy and nursing in the first- (F1) and second- (F2) generation adolescent offspring of oral nicotine-treated female C57BL/6J mice, we have previously reported that DNE precipitates intergenerational transmission of nicotine preference, hyperactivity and impulsivity-like behaviors, altered rhythmicity of home cage activity, corticostriatal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and dopamine transporter dysfunction, and corticostriatal global DNA methylome deficits. In aggregate, these DNE-evoked behavioral, neuropharmacological, and epigenomic anomalies mirror fundamental etiological aspects of neurodevelopmental disorders including ADHD, autism, and schizophrenia. Expanding this line of research, the current study profiled the multigenerational neurotrophic and neuroendocrine consequences of DNE. Results reveal impaired proBDNF proteolysis as indicated by proBDNF-BDNF imbalance, downregulation of the proBDNF processing enzyme furin, atypical glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activity as implied by decreased relative nuclear GR localization, and deficient basal plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels in adolescent DNE offspring and grandoffspring. Collectively, these data recapitulate the BDNF deficits and HPA axis dysregulation characteristic of neurodevelopmental disorders such as ADHD, autism, and schizophrenia as well as the children of maternal smokers. Notably, as BDNF is a quintessential mediator of neurodevelopment, our prior findings of multigenerational DNE-induced behavioral and neuropharmacological abnormalities may stem from neurodevelopmental insults conferred by the proBDNF-BDNF imbalance detected in DNE mice. Similarly, our findings of multigenerational GR hypoactivity may contribute to the increased risk-taking behaviors and aberrant circadian rhythmicity of home cage activity that we previously documented in first- and second-generation DNE mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Buck
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States; Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States.
| | - Heidi C O'Neill
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States
| | - Jerry A Stitzel
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States; Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States
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86
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Ein-Mor E, Berman T, Barnett-Itzhaki Z, Göen T, Ergaz-Shaltiel Z, Natsheh J, Ben-Chetrit A, Haimov-Kochman R, Calderon-Margalit R. Newborn infant urinary cotinine and birth outcomes in the Jerusalem Environment Mother and Child Cohort Study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2019; 222:1054-1058. [PMID: 31324382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure during pregnancy can cause preterm delivery and childhood cancer. The aim of this study was to measure ETS exposure in pregnant women and in newborn infants in Israel using urinary cotinine measurements, to assess predictors of ETS exposure in these vulnerable groups, and to assess associations with birth effects (birth weight, birth length, head circumference) in newborn infants. METHODS We analyzed urinary cotinine and creatinine in 265 non-smoking pregnant women and 97 newborns, and analyzed associations with self-reported exposure to ETS, paternal smoking, sociodemographic variables and with birth outcomes (birth weight, birth length, head circumference). RESULTS 37.7% of pregnant women and 29.0% of infants had urinary cotinine concentrations above the level of quantification (LOQ) of 1 μg/L, whereas 63.8% and 50.5%, respectively, had urinary cotinine concentrations above the level of detection (LOD) of 0.5 μg/L. Median unadjusted and creatinine adjusted urinary concentrations of cotinine in pregnant women were 0.7 μg/L, and 0.9 μg/g creatinine, respectively, and in newborn infants were 0.5 μg/L, and 1.3 μg/g creatinine, respectively. We did not find an association between maternal and infant urinary cotinine level. Maternal (but not infant) urinary cotinine was significantly associated with paternal smoking (p < 0.05). Infant (but not maternal) cotinine above the LOQ was negatively associated with birth weight (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In this high socioeconomic cohort, almost a third of newborn infants born to non-smoking mothers had quantifiable levels of urinary cotinine. This is the first study showing that newborns with quantifiable urinary cotinine levels have lower birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Ein-Mor
- Hadassah-Hebrew University Braun School of Public Health, POB 12272, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Tamar Berman
- Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Zohar Barnett-Itzhaki
- Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel; Bioinformatics Department, School of Life and Health Sciences, Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Thomas Göen
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich- Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Juma Natsheh
- Neonatology Department Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Ronit Haimov-Kochman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ronit Calderon-Margalit
- Hadassah-Hebrew University Braun School of Public Health, POB 12272, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
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87
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Huang X, Zhang Q, Gu X, Hou Y, Wang M, Chen X, Wu J. LPHN3 gene variations and susceptibility to ADHD in Chinese Han population: a two-stage case-control association study and gene-environment interactions. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 28:861-873. [PMID: 30406846 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-018-1251-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in latrophilin 3 (LPHN3) were recently reported to be associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and subsequently other researchers tried to replicate the findings in different populations. This study was aimed to confirm the role of the LPHN3 in ADHD and explore the potential interactions with environmental risk factors in Chinese Han population. We examined the association of LPHN3 with ADHD in a population of 473 ADHD children and 585 controls. As a supplement of ADHD diagnosis, Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ) was used to evaluate ADHD symptoms. Blood lead levels (BLLs) were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and other potential environmental risk factors were determined via a questionnaire filled out by the parents. Finally, after validation in an independent sample (284 cases and 390 controls), we observed significant associations between LPHN3 variants rs1868790 and ADHD risk in combined stage within codominant model [TA/AA: OR (95% CI) = 1.636 (1.325-2.021)], dominant model [OR (95% CI) = 1.573 (1.288-1.922)], and additive model [OR (95% CI) = 1.535 (1.266-1.862)]. Furthermore, rs1868790 significantly interacted with BLLs and maternal stress to modify ADHD susceptibility (P < 0.05), and rs1868790 was found to be related with ADHD symptoms (P < 0.05). Expression quantitative trait loci analysis further indicated that rs1868790 took part in the regulation of LPHN3 gene expression. As the first study to comprehensively explore the role of LPHN3 in ADHD in Chinese children, our research suggests that LPHN3 gene has a significant effect on the ADHD in a Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Gu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Hou
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinzhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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Paternal nicotine exposure in rats produces long-lasting neurobehavioral effects in the offspring. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2019; 74:106808. [PMID: 31103693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Studies of intergenerational effects of parental chemical exposure have principally focused on maternal exposure, particularly for studies of adverse neurobehavioral consequences on the offspring. Maternal nicotine exposure has long been known to cause adverse neurobehavioral effects on the offspring. However, paternal toxicant exposure has also been found to cause neurobehavioral toxicity in their offspring. Recent work suggests that paternal nicotine exposure can have epigenetic effects, although it remains unclear whether such changes lead to neurobehavioral effects. In the current study, we investigated the effects of paternal nicotine exposure on neurobehavioral development of their offspring. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 0 or 2 mg/kg/day nicotine (sc) for 56 consecutive days with two consecutive 2ML4 osmotic minipumps. Following treatment, these males were mated with drug-naïve female rats. Offspring of both sexes were tested in a behavioral battery to assess locomotion, emotional function and cognition. Paternal nicotine exposure did not impact offspring viability, health or growth. However, behavioral function of the offspring was significantly altered by paternal nicotine exposure. Male offspring with paternal nicotine exposure exhibited locomotor hyperactivity in the Figure-8 apparatus when tested during adolescence. When retested in adulthood and regardless of sex, offspring of the nicotine exposed father showed significantly reduced habituation of locomotor activity over the course of the session. Compared to controls, female offspring of nicotine-exposed fathers showed significantly reduced response latency in the radial arm maze test. In addition to locomotor hyperactivity, the offspring of nicotine-exposed fathers also showed significantly diminished habituation in the novel object recognition test. These results indicate that chronic paternal nicotine exposure can impact the behavior of offspring, producing locomotor hyperactivity and impaired habituation.
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den Haan PJ, de Kroon MLA, van Dokkum NH, Kerstjens JM, Reijneveld SA, Bos AF. Risk factors for emotional and behavioral problems in moderately-late preterms. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216468. [PMID: 31048855 PMCID: PMC6497297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess which factors, including maternal, lifestyle, pregnancy- and delivery-related, fetal and neonatal factors adjusted for socio-economic status, are related to emotional and behavioral problems in moderately-late preterm born children (MLPs; gestational age 32.0-35.9 weeks) at 4 years of age. MLPs are at greater risk of emotional and behavioral problems than full-term born children. Especially for MLPs, knowledge about factors that increase or decrease the risk of emotional and behavioral problems is scarce. DESIGN AND SETTING We assessed emotional and behavioral problems in 809 MLPs between ages 41 and 49 months from the prospective community-based Longitudinal Preterm Outcome Project (LOLLIPOP), using the parent-reported Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). We collected potential risk factors from hospital records and parental questionnaires. Univariable and multiple logistic regression analyses were applied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES (Sub)clinical CBCL scores. RESULTS Perinatal infection increased the risk of CBCL total problem scores with an OR 2.22 (p<0.01). Perinatal infection, maternal smoking, and male gender increased the risk of CBCL externalizing problem scores with ORs between 1.64 and 2.46 (all p<0.05). Multiple birth decreased the risk of CBCL internalizing problem scores with an OR 0.63 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Risk factors for behavioral problems in MLPs are male gender, perinatal infection and maternal smoking, the latter two being potentially modifiable. Multiple birth is a protective factor for emotional problems in MLPs. These results suggest potential factors for targeting preventive intervention in MLPs, comprising the large majority of all preterm born children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline J. den Haan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Marlou L. A. de Kroon
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke H. van Dokkum
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jorien M. Kerstjens
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sijmen A. Reijneveld
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arend F. Bos
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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90
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Mustafin RN, Enikeeva RF, Malykh SB, Valinurov RG, Khusnutdinova EK. [Genetics and epigenetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 118:106-110. [PMID: 30335081 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2018118091106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Molecular genetic studies of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have demonstrated the involvement of multiple genes in the etiology of ADHD. A polygenic hypothesis of the etiopathogenesis was formulated without clear knowledge of common mechanisms of ADHD development. Twin, family and adoption studies have established the heritability of 70-80% for ADHD. Association studies have shown the relationship between ADHD and genes of dopaminergic (DRD4, DRD5, SLC6A3), serotoninergic (HTR1B, 5-HTTLPR), glutamatergic (mGluR, NDRG2) systems, metabolic pathways (SLC2A3, SLC6A4, CDH13, CFOD1, GFOD1), membrane proteins (KChIP1, ITGA1, SNAP-25) as well as tumour-suppressor (NDRG2, NF1) and cytokine genes. The marked comorbidity of ADHD with other psychiatric disorders and shared genetic risk factors were determined. Studies of a role of copy number variations (CNVs) provided more promising evidence that suggested the possible involvement of retroelements as the unifying factors of disease etiopathogenesis. Transposons, which are sensitive to stress, may cause CNVs and are key regulators of brain development and functioning. The dysregulation of transposons is thought to be important in changes in tuning of gene regulatory pathways and epigenetic regulation of neurons in ADHD that may be a common principle underlying the heterogeneous nature of ADHD. Research on noncoding RNAs will help to confirm the hypothesis and develop diagnostic algorithms of examination of ADHD patients as an important step in the implementation of personalized medicine in psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R F Enikeeva
- Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
| | - S B Malykh
- Psychological Institute of Russian Academy of Education, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - E K Khusnutdinova
- Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia; Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
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91
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Sourander A, Sucksdorff M, Chudal R, Surcel HM, Hinkka-Yli-Salomäki S, Gyllenberg D, Cheslack-Postava K, Brown AS. Prenatal Cotinine Levels and ADHD Among Offspring. Pediatrics 2019; 143:e20183144. [PMID: 30804074 PMCID: PMC6398365 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-3144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been shown across several studies based on self-reports. No previous studies have investigated the association of nicotine exposure measured by cotinine levels during pregnancy and offspring ADHD. METHODS In this population-based study, 1079 patients born between 1998 and 1999 and diagnosed with ADHD according to the International Classification of Diseases and 1079 matched controls were identified from Finnish nationwide registers. Maternal cotinine levels were measured by using quantitative immunoassays from maternal serum specimens collected during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy and archived in the national biobank. RESULTS There was a significant association between increasing log-transformed maternal cotinine levels and offspring ADHD. The odds ratio was 1.09 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-1.12) when adjusting for maternal socioeconomic status, maternal age, maternal psychopathology, paternal age, paternal psychopathology, and child's birth weight for gestational age. In the categorical analyses with cotinine levels in 3 groups, heavy nicotine exposure (cotinine level >50 ng/mL) was associated with offspring ADHD, with an odds ratio of 2.21 (95% CI 1.63-2.99) in the adjusted analyses. Analyses by deciles of cotinine levels revealed that the adjusted odds for offspring ADHD in the highest decile was 3.34 (95% CI 2.02-5.52). CONCLUSIONS The study reveals an association with and a dose-response relationship between nicotine exposure during pregnancy and offspring ADHD. Future studies incorporating maternal smoking and environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Sourander
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland;
- Departments of Child Psychiatry and
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Minna Sucksdorff
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Roshan Chudal
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Heljä-Marja Surcel
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biobank Borealis of Northern Finland, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - David Gyllenberg
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- National Institutes of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; and
| | - Keely Cheslack-Postava
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Alan S Brown
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
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92
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Buck JM, Sanders KN, Wageman CR, Knopik VS, Stitzel JA, O'Neill HC. Developmental nicotine exposure precipitates multigenerational maternal transmission of nicotine preference and ADHD-like behavioral, rhythmometric, neuropharmacological, and epigenetic anomalies in adolescent mice. Neuropharmacology 2019; 149:66-82. [PMID: 30742847 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy, a form of developmental nicotine exposure (DNE), is associated with increased nicotine use and neurodevelopmental disorders such as ADHD in children. Here, we characterize the behavioral, rhythmometric, neuropharmacological, and epigenetic consequences of DNE in the F1 (first) and F2 (second) generation adolescent offspring of mice exposed to nicotine prior to and throughout breeding. We assessed the effects of passive oral methylphenidate (MPH) administration and voluntary nicotine consumption on home cage activity rhythms and activity and risk-taking behaviors in the open field. Results imply a multigenerational predisposition to nicotine consumption in DNE mice and demonstrate ADHD-like diurnal and nocturnal hyperactivity and anomalies in the rhythmicity of home cage activity that are reversibly rescued by MPH and modulated by voluntary nicotine consumption. DNE mice are hyperactive in the open field and display increased risk-taking behaviors that are normalized by MPH. Pharmacological characterization of nicotinic and dopaminergic systems in striatum and frontal cortex reveals altered expression and dysfunction of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), hypersensitivity to nicotine-induced nAChR-mediated dopamine release, and impaired dopamine transporter (DAT) function in DNE mice. Global DNA methylation assays indicate DNA methylome deficits in striatum and frontal cortex of DNE mice. Collectively, our data demonstrate that DNE enhances nicotine preference, elicits hyperactivity and risk-taking behaviors, perturbs the rhythmicity of activity, alters nAChR expression and function, impairs DAT function, and causes DNA hypomethylation in striatum and frontal cortex of both first and second-generation adolescent offspring. These findings recapitulate multiple domains of ADHD symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Buck
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States; Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States.
| | - Kelsey N Sanders
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States
| | - Charles R Wageman
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States
| | - Valerie S Knopik
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, United States
| | - Jerry A Stitzel
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States; Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States
| | - Heidi C O'Neill
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States
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93
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Brown RA, Dakkak H, Gilliland J, Seabrook JA. Predictors of drug use during pregnancy: The relative effects of socioeconomic, demographic, and mental health risk factors. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2019; 12:179-187. [PMID: 30584173 DOI: 10.3233/npm-1814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With limited Canadian research on predictors of drug use during pregnancy, the primary objective was to assess the relative effects of socioeconomic, demographic, and mental health risk factors associated with drug use during pregnancy. Predictors of an Apgar score < 7 and fetal macrosomia were examined as secondary outcomes. METHODS This retrospective cohort study consisted of 25,734 pregnant women from Southwestern Ontario. Data were prospectively obtained from perinatal and neonatal databases at a tertiary hospital in London, Ontario. Using a Geographic Information System, neighborhood-level socioeconomic variables were obtained by mapping maternal postal codes. Separate logistic regressions were computed for all outcome variables. RESULTS The rates of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use during pregnancy were 1.9%, 16.2%, and 2.3%, respectively. The mean maternal age was 29.4±5.4 years. Maternal age was inversely associated with alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use, whereas lone-parent household, depression, and anxiety increased the odds of substance use. Depression was the top risk factor of all three substances. Compared to women who were not depressed during pregnancy, women who were depressed were 2.15 times more likely to use alcohol (95% CI: 1.60, 2.90), 1.70 times more likely to smoke tobacco (95% CI: 1.48, 1.95), and 2.56 times more likely to use cannabis (95% CI: 1.95, 3.35). Adverse birth outcomes were also associated with overweight and obesity, gestational diabetes and insulin-dependent diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Maternal depression is the primary risk factor of drug use during pregnancy. Policy interventions that target at-risk women are important considerations to improve maternal mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Brown
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, London, ON, Canada
| | - H Dakkak
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, London, ON, Canada
| | - J Gilliland
- Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Geography, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- School of Health Studies, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - J A Seabrook
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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94
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Stroud LR, Papandonatos GD, McCallum M, Kehoe T, Salisbury AL, Huestis MA. Prenatal tobacco and marijuana co-use: Impact on newborn neurobehavior. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2018; 70:28-39. [PMID: 30266574 PMCID: PMC6239899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco and marijuana are some of the most common prenatal substance exposures worldwide. The social acceptability and political landscape of marijuana and its potency have changed dramatically in the last two decades leading to increased use by pregnant women. Despite evidence for increasing marijuana use and high rates of co-use of tobacco (TOB) and marijuana (MJ) during pregnancy, the impact of prenatal exposure to each substance is typically studied in isolation. We investigated the influence of co-exposure to TOB and MJ on infant neurobehavioral development over the first postnatal month. Participants were 111 mother-infant pairs from a low-income, diverse sample (Mean age = 25 ± 5; 54% minorities). TOB and MJ use were assessed by Timeline Followback interview with biochemical confirmation. Three groups were identified: (a) prenatal MJ + TOB, (b) prenatal TOB only, (c) controls. Newborn neurobehavior was assessed at seven time points over the first postnatal month using the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale. MJ + TOB-exposed infants showed decreased ability to self-soothe (Self-regulation) and attend to stimuli (Attention), and increased need for examiner soothing (Handling) and low motor activity (Lethargy) versus unexposed infants. Despite low levels of MJ use in MJ + TOB co-users, co-exposure was associated with nearly double the impact on infant self-soothing and need for examiner soothing versus TOB-exposure alone. Effects of MJ + TOB co-exposure appeared more pronounced for daughters than for sons. Although results are preliminary, they highlight additional risk from dual exposure to MJ + TOB vs. TOB exposure alone, particularly for daughters. Results also highlight the critical importance of investigating prenatal exposures in concert and the need for intervention efforts to address MJ co-use in pregnant TOB users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R Stroud
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Box G-BH, Providence, RI 02912, United States; Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Coro West, Suite 309, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI 02906, United States.
| | - George D Papandonatos
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Room 703, Providence, RI 02903, United States.
| | - Meaghan McCallum
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Coro West, Suite 309, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI 02906, United States.
| | - Tessa Kehoe
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Coro West, Suite 309, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI 02906, United States.
| | - Amy L Salisbury
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Box G-RIH, Hasbro 129, Providence, RI 02903, United States; Brown Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Women & Infants' Hospital of Rhode Island, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI 02905, United States.
| | - Marilyn A Huestis
- Institute for Emerging Health Professions, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
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Stroud LR, McCallum M, Salisbury AL. Impact of maternal prenatal smoking on fetal to infant neurobehavioral development. Dev Psychopathol 2018; 30:1087-1105. [PMID: 30068428 PMCID: PMC6541397 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579418000676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent emphasis on the profound importance of the fetal environment in "programming" postnatal development, measurement of offspring development typically begins after birth. Using a novel coding strategy combining direct fetal observation via ultrasound and actocardiography, we investigated the impact of maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) on fetal neurobehavior; we also investigated links between fetal and infant neurobehavior. Participants were 90 pregnant mothers and their infants (52 MSDP-exposed; 51% minorities; ages 18-40). Fetal neurobehavior at baseline and in response to vibro-acoustic stimulus was assessed via ultrasound and actocardiography at M = 35 weeks gestation and coded via the Fetal Neurobehavioral Assessment System (FENS). After delivery, the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale was administered up to seven times over the first postnatal month. MSDP was associated with increased fetal activity and fetal limb movements. Fetal activity, complex body movements, and cardiac-somatic coupling were associated with infants' ability to attend to stimuli and to self-regulate over the first postnatal month. Furthermore, differential associations emerged by MSDP group between fetal activity, complex body movements, quality of movement, and coupling, and infant attention and self-regulation. The present study adds to a growing literature establishing the validity of fetal neurobehavioral measures in elucidating fetal programming pathways.
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