51
|
Silverstein A, Dudaev A, Studneva M, Aitken J, Blokh S, Miller AD, Tanasova S, Rose N, Ryals J, Borchers C, Nordstrom A, Moiseyakh M, Herrera AS, Skomorohov N, Marshall T, Wu A, Cheng RH, Syzko K, Cotter PD, Podzyuban M, Thilly W, Smith PD, Barach P, Bouri K, Schoenfeld Y, Matsuura E, Medvedeva V, Shmulevich I, Cheng L, Seegers P, Khotskaya Y, Flaherty K, Dooley S, Sorenson EJ, Ross M, Suchkov S. Evolution of biomarker research in autoimmunity conditions for health professionals and clinical practice. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 190:219-276. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
52
|
Gauthier BR, Cobo-Vuilleumier N, López-Noriega L. Roles of extracellular vesicles associated non-coding RNAs in Diabetes Mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1057407. [PMID: 36619588 PMCID: PMC9814720 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1057407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially exosomes (50 to 150 nm), have been shown to play important roles in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes, including metabolic diseases such as Diabetes Mellitus (DM). In the last decade, several studies have demonstrated how EVs are involved in cell-to-cell communication. EVs are enriched in proteins, mRNAs and non-coding RNAs (miRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circRNAS, among others) which are transferred to recipient cells and may have a profound impact in either their survival or functionality. Several studies have pointed out the contribution of exosomal miRNAs, such as miR-l42-3p and miR-26, in the development of Type 1 and Type 2 DM (T1DM and T2DM), respectively. In addition, some miRNA families such as miR-let7 and miR-29 found in exosomes have been associated with both types of diabetes, suggesting that they share common etiological features. The knowledge about the role of exosomal long non-coding RNAs in this group of diseases is more immature, but the exosomal lncRNA MALAT1 has been found to be elevated in the plasma of individuals with T2DM, while more than 169 lncRNAs were reported to be differentially expressed between healthy donors and people with T1DM. Here, we review the current knowledge about exosomal non-coding RNAs in DM and discuss their potential as novel biomarkers and possible therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benoit R. Gauthier
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Benoit R. Gauthier, ; Livia López-Noriega,
| | - Nadia Cobo-Vuilleumier
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Livia López-Noriega
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucía-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, Spain
- *Correspondence: Benoit R. Gauthier, ; Livia López-Noriega,
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Li X, Wang L, Meng G, Chen X, Yang S, Zhang M, Zheng Z, Zhou J, Lan Z, Wu Y, Wang L. Sustained high glucose intake accelerates type 1 diabetes in NOD mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1037822. [PMID: 36545340 PMCID: PMC9760976 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1037822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epidemiological studies have suggested that dietary factors, especially high consumption of high glycaemic index carbohydrates and sugars, may trigger or exacerbate the progression of type 1 diabetes. We aimed to provide experimental evidence to confirm this relevance and to explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS NOD mice were given sustained high-glucose drinking or glucose-free water and observed for the incidence of type 1 diabetes and islet inflammation. RNAseq was performed to detect the transcriptome changes of the NOD islet beta cell line NIT-1 after high glucose treatment, and mass spectrometry was performed to detect the proteome changes of NIT-1-cells-derived sEVs. RESULTS Sustained high glucose drinking significantly aggravates islet inflammation and accelerates the onset of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice. Mechanistically, high glucose treatment induces aberrant ER stress and up-regulates the expression of autoantigens in islet beta cell. Moreover, high glucose treatment alters the proteome of beta-cells-derived sEVs, and significantly enhances the ability of sEVs to promote DC maturation and stimulate immune inflammatory response. DISCUSSION This study provides evidence for negative effect of high glucose intake as a dietary factor on the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes in genetically predisposed individuals. Therefore, avoiding high sugar intake may be an effective disease prevention strategy for children or adults susceptible to type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqian Li
- Institute of Immunology People's Liberation Army (PLA) & Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Institute of Immunology People's Liberation Army (PLA) & Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University. Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Gang Meng
- Department of Pathology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Institute of Immunology People's Liberation Army (PLA) & Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shushu Yang
- Institute of Immunology People's Liberation Army (PLA) & Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Mengjun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengni Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhu Lan
- Institute of Immunology People's Liberation Army (PLA) & Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology People's Liberation Army (PLA) & Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Immunology People's Liberation Army (PLA) & Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Li Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Brodnicki TC. A Role for lncRNAs in Regulating Inflammatory and Autoimmune Responses Underlying Type 1 Diabetes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1363:97-118. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92034-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
55
|
Li X, Shi S, Jing D, Li X, Zhang B, Bie Q. Signal transduction mechanism of exosomes in diabetic complications (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 23:155. [PMID: 35069836 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.11078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Dehuai Jing
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy and 4Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Xinjian Li
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Qingli Bie
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
CAR Treg: A new approach in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 102:108409. [PMID: 34863655 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have the role of regulating self-tolerance, and suppressing immune responses. Defects in Treg function and number can lead to in loss of tolerance or autoimmune disease. To treat or control autoimmune diseases, one of the options is to develop immune tolerance for Tregs cell therapy, which includes promotion and activation. Recently, cell-based treatment as a promising approach to increase cells function and number has been developed. Cell therapy by chimeric T antigen receptor (CAR-T) cells has shown significant efficacy in the treatment of leukemia, which has led researchers to use CAR-T cells in other diseases like autoimmune diseases. Here, we describe the existing treatments for autoimmune diseases and the available treatments based on Treg, their benefits and restrictions for implementation in clinical trials. We also discussed potential solutions to overcome these limitations. It seems novel designs of CARs to be new hope for autoimmune diseases and expected to be a potential cure option in a wide array of disease in the future. Therefore, it is very important to address this issue and increase information about it.
Collapse
|
57
|
Majka M, Kleibert M, Wojciechowska M. Impact of the Main Cardiovascular Risk Factors on Plasma Extracellular Vesicles and Their Influence on the Heart's Vulnerability to Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Cells 2021; 10:3331. [PMID: 34943838 PMCID: PMC8699798 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of cardiovascular deaths are associated with acute coronary syndrome, especially ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Therapeutic reperfusion alone can contribute up to 40 percent of total infarct size following coronary artery occlusion, which is called ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Its size depends on many factors, including the main risk factors of cardiovascular mortality, such as age, sex, systolic blood pressure, smoking, and total cholesterol level as well as obesity, diabetes, and physical effort. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-coated particles released by every type of cell, which can carry content that affects the functioning of other tissues. Their role is essential in the communication between healthy and dysfunctional cells. In this article, data on the variability of the content of EVs in patients with the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factors is presented, and their influence on IRI is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miłosz Majka
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Marcin Kleibert
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Małgorzata Wojciechowska
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.); (M.K.)
- Invasive Cardiology Unit, Independent Public Specialist Western Hospital John Paul II, Daleka 11, 05-825 Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Therapeutic approaches targeting molecular signaling pathways common to diabetes, lung diseases and cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113918. [PMID: 34375681 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM), is the most common metabolic disease and is characterized by sustained hyperglycemia. Accumulating evidences supports a strong association between DM and numerous lung diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), fibrosis, and lung cancer (LC). The global incidence of DM-associated lung disorders is rising and several ongoing studies, including clinical trials, aim to elucidate the molecular mechanisms linking DM with lung disorders, in particular LC. Several potential mechanisms, including hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, glycation, inflammation, and hypoxia, are cited as plausible links between DM and LC. In addition, studies also propose a connection between the use of anti-diabetic medications and reduction in the incidence of LC. However, the exact cause for DM associated lung diseases especially LC is not clear and is an area under intense investigation. Herein, we review the biological links reported between DM and lung disorders with an emphasis on LC. Furthermore, we report common signaling pathways (eg: TGF-β, IL-6, HIF-1, PDGF) and miRNAs that are dysregulated in DM and LC and serve as molecular targets for therapy. Finally, we propose a nanomedicine based approach for delivering therapeutics (eg: IL-24 plasmid DNA, HuR siRNA) to disrupt signaling pathways common to DM and LC and thus potentially treat DM-associated LC. Finally, we conclude that the effective modulation of commonly regulated signaling pathways would help design novel therapeutic protocols for treating DM patients diagnosed with LC.
Collapse
|
59
|
Kahn SE, Chen YC, Esser N, Taylor AJ, van Raalte DH, Zraika S, Verchere CB. The β Cell in Diabetes: Integrating Biomarkers With Functional Measures. Endocr Rev 2021; 42:528-583. [PMID: 34180979 PMCID: PMC9115372 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of hyperglycemia observed in most forms of diabetes is intimately tied to the islet β cell. Impairments in propeptide processing and secretory function, along with the loss of these vital cells, is demonstrable not only in those in whom the diagnosis is established but typically also in individuals who are at increased risk of developing the disease. Biomarkers are used to inform on the state of a biological process, pathological condition, or response to an intervention and are increasingly being used for predicting, diagnosing, and prognosticating disease. They are also proving to be of use in the different forms of diabetes in both research and clinical settings. This review focuses on the β cell, addressing the potential utility of genetic markers, circulating molecules, immune cell phenotyping, and imaging approaches as biomarkers of cellular function and loss of this critical cell. Further, we consider how these biomarkers complement the more long-established, dynamic, and often complex measurements of β-cell secretory function that themselves could be considered biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Kahn
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, 98108 WA, USA
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Nathalie Esser
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, 98108 WA, USA
| | - Austin J Taylor
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Daniël H van Raalte
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit (VU) University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Academic Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sakeneh Zraika
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, 98108 WA, USA
| | - C Bruce Verchere
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Zhao S, Wang H, Xu H, Tan Y, Zhang C, Zeng Q, Liu L, Qu S. Targeting the microRNAs in exosome: A potential therapeutic strategy for alleviation of diabetes-related cardiovascular complication. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105868. [PMID: 34481974 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes-related cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a global health issue that causes thousands of people's death around the world annually. Diabetes-related CVD is still prevailing despite the progression being made in its diagnosis and treatment. Therefore it is urgent to find therapeutic strategies.to prevent it. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a single-stranded non-coding RNA involved in the process of post-transcriptional control of gene expression in eukaryotes. A large number of literatures reveal that miRNAs are implicated in diabetes-related CVD. The increase of miRNAs in exosomes may promote the occurrence and development of diabetes-related cardiovascular complication. However, some other studies identify that miRNAs in exosomes are supposed to be involved in cardiac regeneration and confer cardiac protection effect. Therefore, targeting the miRNA in exosome is regarded as a potent therapeutic measure to alleviate diabetes-related CVD. In this article, we review current knowledge about the role of exosomal miRNAs in diabetes-related cardiovascular complication, such as coronary heart disease, Peripheral artery disease, stroke, diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy. Exosomal miRNAs are considered to be central regulators of diabetes-Related CVD and provide a therapeutic tool for diagnosis and treatment of diabetes-related cardiovascular complication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simin Zhao
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Hengquan Wang
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Haiqiang Xu
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Yao Tan
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Qian Zeng
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Lingyun Liu
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China; Clinic Department, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Shunlin Qu
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Javeed N, Her TK, Brown MR, Vanderboom P, Rakshit K, Egan AM, Vella A, Lanza I, Matveyenko AV. Pro-inflammatory β cell small extracellular vesicles induce β cell failure through activation of the CXCL10/CXCR3 axis in diabetes. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109613. [PMID: 34433033 PMCID: PMC8420815 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordinated communication among pancreatic islet cells is necessary for maintenance of glucose homeostasis. In diabetes, chronic exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines has been shown to perturb β cell communication and function. Compelling evidence has implicated extracellular vesicles (EVs) in modulating physiological and pathological responses to β cell stress. We report that pro-inflammatory β cell small EVs (cytokine-exposed EVs [cytoEVs]) induce β cell dysfunction, promote a pro-inflammatory islet transcriptome, and enhance recruitment of CD8+ T cells and macrophages. Proteomic analysis of cytoEVs shows enrichment of the chemokine CXCL10, with surface topological analysis depicting CXCL10 as membrane bound on cytoEVs to facilitate direct binding to CXCR3 receptors on the surface of β cells. CXCR3 receptor inhibition reduced CXCL10-cytoEV binding and attenuated β cell dysfunction, inflammatory gene expression, and leukocyte recruitment to islets. This work implies a significant role of pro-inflammatory β cell-derived small EVs in modulating β cell function, global gene expression, and antigen presentation through activation of the CXCL10/CXCR3 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naureen Javeed
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Tracy K Her
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Matthew R Brown
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Patrick Vanderboom
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kuntol Rakshit
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Aoife M Egan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Adrian Vella
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ian Lanza
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Aleksey V Matveyenko
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Chaffey JR, Young J, Leslie KA, Partridge K, Akhbari P, Dhayal S, Hill JL, Wedgwood KCA, Burnett E, Russell MA, Richardson SJ, Morgan NG. Investigation of the utility of the 1.1B4 cell as a model human beta cell line for study of persistent enteroviral infection. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15624. [PMID: 34341375 PMCID: PMC8329048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94878-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of a human pancreatic beta cell line which reproduces the responses seen in primary beta cells, but is amenable to propagation in culture, has long been an important goal in diabetes research. This is particularly true for studies focussing on the role of enteroviral infection as a potential cause of beta-cell autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes. In the present work we made use of a clonal beta cell line (1.1B4) available from the European Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures, which had been generated by the fusion of primary human beta-cells with a pancreatic ductal carcinoma cell, PANC-1. Our goal was to study the factors allowing the development and persistence of a chronic enteroviral infection in human beta-cells. Since PANC-1 cells have been reported to support persistent enteroviral infection, the hybrid 1.1B4 cells appeared to offer an ideal vehicle for our studies. In support of this, infection of the cells with a Coxsackie virus isolated originally from the pancreas of a child with type 1 diabetes, CVB4.E2, at a low multiplicity of infection, resulted in the development of a state of persistent infection. Investigation of the molecular mechanisms suggested that this response was facilitated by a number of unexpected outcomes including an apparent failure of the cells to up-regulate certain anti-viral response gene products in response to interferons. However, more detailed exploration revealed that this lack of response was restricted to molecular targets that were either activated by, or detected with, human-selective reagents. By contrast, and to our surprise, the cells were much more responsive to rodent-selective reagents. Using multiple approaches, we then established that populations of 1.1B4 cells are not homogeneous but that they contain a mixture of rodent and human cells. This was true both of our own cell stocks and those held by the European Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures. In view of this unexpected finding, we developed a strategy to harvest, isolate and expand single cell clones from the heterogeneous population, which allowed us to establish colonies of 1.1B4 cells that were uniquely human (h1.1.B4). However, extensive analysis of the gene expression profiles, immunoreactive insulin content, regulated secretory pathways and the electrophysiological properties of these cells demonstrated that they did not retain the principal characteristics expected of human beta cells. Our data suggest that stocks of 1.1B4 cells should be evaluated carefully prior to their use as a model human beta-cell since they may not retain the phenotype expected of human beta-cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Chaffey
- Islet Biology Group, Exeter Centre for Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Jay Young
- Islet Biology Group, Exeter Centre for Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Kaiyven A Leslie
- Islet Biology Group, Exeter Centre for Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Katie Partridge
- Islet Biology Group, Exeter Centre for Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Pouria Akhbari
- Islet Biology Group, Exeter Centre for Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Shalinee Dhayal
- Islet Biology Group, Exeter Centre for Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Jessica L Hill
- Islet Biology Group, Exeter Centre for Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | | | - Edward Burnett
- Culture Collections, National Infection Service, European Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures, Public Health England (PHE), Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Mark A Russell
- Islet Biology Group, Exeter Centre for Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.
| | - Sarah J Richardson
- Islet Biology Group, Exeter Centre for Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.
| | - Noel G Morgan
- Islet Biology Group, Exeter Centre for Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Grieco GE, Fignani D, Formichi C, Nigi L, Licata G, Maccora C, Brusco N, Sebastiani G, Dotta F. Extracellular Vesicles in Immune System Regulation and Type 1 Diabetes: Cell-to-Cell Communication Mediators, Disease Biomarkers, and Promising Therapeutic Tools. Front Immunol 2021; 12:682948. [PMID: 34177928 PMCID: PMC8219977 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.682948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are generated by cells of origin through complex molecular mechanisms and released into extracellular environment. Hence, the presence of EVs has been described in multiple biological fluids and in most cases their molecular cargo, which includes non-coding RNAs (ncRNA), messenger RNAs (mRNA), and proteins, has been reported to modulate distinct biological processes. EVs release and their molecular cargo have been demonstrated to be altered in multiple diseases, including autoimmune diseases. Notably, numerous evidence showed a relevant crosstalk between immune system and interacting cells through specific EVs release. The crosstalk between insulin-producing pancreatic β cells and immune system through EVs bidirectional trafficking has yet started to be deciphered, thus uncovering an intricate communication network underlying type 1 diabetes (T1D) pathogenesis. EVs can also be found in blood plasma or serum. Indeed, the assessment of circulating EVs cargo has been shown as a promising advance in the detection of reliable biomarkers of disease progression. Of note, multiple studies showed several specific cargo alterations of EVs collected from plasma/serum of subjects affected by autoimmune diseases, including T1D subjects. In this review, we discuss the recent literature reporting evidence of EVs role in autoimmune diseases, specifically focusing on the bidirectional crosstalk between pancreatic β cells and immune system in T1D and highlight the relevant promising role of circulating EVs as disease biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Emanuela Grieco
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Fignani
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Caterina Formichi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy.,UOC Diabetologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Nigi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy.,UOC Diabetologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Giada Licata
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Carla Maccora
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy.,UOC Diabetologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Noemi Brusco
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Guido Sebastiani
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Dotta
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy.,UOC Diabetologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.,Tuscany Centre for Precision Medicine (CReMeP), Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Nekoua MP, Bertin A, Sane F, Gimeno JP, Fournier I, Salzet M, Engelmann I, Alidjinou EK, Hober D. Persistence of Coxsackievirus B4 in Pancreatic β Cells Disturbs Insulin Maturation, Pattern of Cellular Proteins, and DNA Methylation. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061125. [PMID: 34067388 PMCID: PMC8224704 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus-B4 (CV-B4) can persist in pancreatic cell lines and impair the phenoytpe and/or gene expressions in these cells; however, the models used to study this phenomenon did not produce insulin. Therefore, we investigated CV-B4 persistence and its consequences in insulin-producing pancreatic β cells. The insulin-secreting rat β cell line, INS-1, was infected with CV-B4. After lysis of a large part of the cell layer, the culture was still maintained and no additional cytopathic effect was observed. The amount of insulin in supernatants of cell cultures persistently infected with CV-B4 was not affected by the infection; in fact, a larger quantity of proinsulin was found. The mRNA expression of pro-hormone convertase 2, an enzyme involved in the maturation of proinsulin into insulin and studied using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, was inhibited in infected cultures. Further, the pattern of 47 cell proteins analyzed using Shotgun mass spectrometry was significantly modified. The DNA of persistently infected cell cultures was hypermethylated unlike that of controls. The persistent infection of INS-1 cells with CV-B4 had a deep impact on these cells, especially on insulin metabolism. Cellular changes caused by persistent CV-B4 infection of β cells can play a role in type 1 diabetes pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magloire Pandoua Nekoua
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.P.N.); (A.B.); (F.S.); (I.E.); (E.K.A.)
| | - Antoine Bertin
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.P.N.); (A.B.); (F.S.); (I.E.); (E.K.A.)
| | - Famara Sane
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.P.N.); (A.B.); (F.S.); (I.E.); (E.K.A.)
| | - Jean-Pascal Gimeno
- Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Inserm U1192, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (J.-P.G.); (I.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Isabelle Fournier
- Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Inserm U1192, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (J.-P.G.); (I.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Michel Salzet
- Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Inserm U1192, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (J.-P.G.); (I.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Ilka Engelmann
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.P.N.); (A.B.); (F.S.); (I.E.); (E.K.A.)
| | - Enagnon Kazali Alidjinou
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.P.N.); (A.B.); (F.S.); (I.E.); (E.K.A.)
| | - Didier Hober
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.P.N.); (A.B.); (F.S.); (I.E.); (E.K.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)-3-2044-6688
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Alfì E, Thairi C, Femminò S, Alloatti G, Moccia F, Brizzi MF, Pagliaro P, Penna C. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) in ischemic conditioning and angiogenesis: Focus on endothelial derived EVs. Vascul Pharmacol 2021; 140:106873. [PMID: 33992781 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
During myocardial ischemia, timely reperfusion is critical to limit infarct area and the overall loss of cardiac contractile function. However, reperfusion further exacerbates the damage of the ischemic heart. This type of injury is known as ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Ischemic conditioning is a procedure which consists of brief cycles of ischemia and reperfusion in order to protect the myocardium against IRI. Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC), namely transient brief episodes of ischemia at a remote site before a subsequent damaging ischemia/reperfusion procedure of the target organ (e.g., the heart), protects against IRI. However, how the stimulus of RIC is transduced from the remote organ to the ischemic heart is still unknown. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been proposed to have a role in the RIC procedure. The endothelium releases EVs and is also one of the tissues mostly exposed to EVs during their journey to the target organ. Moreover, EVs may have important roles in angiogenesis and, therefore, in the remodeling of post-ischemic organs. Here we analyze how EVs may contribute to the overall cardioprotective effect and the implication of the endothelium and its EVs in RIC mediated acute cardioprotection as well as in angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Alfì
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
| | - Cecilia Thairi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
| | - Saveria Femminò
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Alloatti
- Uni-Astiss, Polo Universitario Rita Levi Montalcini, 14100 Asti, Italy
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Laboratory of General Physiology, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria F Brizzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy.
| | - Claudia Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Beltraminelli T, Perez CR, De Palma M. Disentangling the complexity of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles. Cell Rep 2021; 35:108960. [PMID: 33826890 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment encompasses an intertwined ensemble of both transformed cancer cells and non-transformed host cells, which together establish a signaling network that regulates tumor progression. By conveying both homo- and heterotypic cell-to-cell communication cues, tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (tEVs) modulate several cancer-associated processes, such as immunosuppression, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Herein we discuss how recent methodological advances in the isolation and characterization of tEVs may help to broaden our understanding of their functions in tumor biology and, potentially, establish their utility as cancer biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Beltraminelli
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caleb R Perez
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michele De Palma
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Kim YK, Sussel L, Davidson HW. Inherent Beta Cell Dysfunction Contributes to Autoimmune Susceptibility. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040512. [PMID: 33808310 PMCID: PMC8065553 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The pancreatic beta cell is a highly specialized cell type whose primary function is to secrete insulin in response to nutrients to maintain glucose homeostasis in the body. As such, the beta cell has developed unique metabolic characteristics to achieve functionality; in healthy beta cells, the majority of glucose-derived carbons are oxidized and enter the mitochondria in the form of pyruvate. The pyruvate is subsequently metabolized to induce mitochondrial ATP and trigger the downstream insulin secretion response. Thus, in beta cells, mitochondria play a pivotal role in regulating glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). In type 2 diabetes (T2D), mitochondrial impairment has been shown to play an important role in beta cell dysfunction and loss. In type 1 diabetes (T1D), autoimmunity is the primary trigger of beta cell loss; however, there is accumulating evidence that intrinsic mitochondrial defects could contribute to beta cell susceptibility during proinflammatory conditions. Furthermore, there is speculation that dysfunctional mitochondrial responses could contribute to the formation of autoantigens. In this review, we provide an overview of mitochondrial function in the beta cells, and discuss potential mechanisms by which mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to T1D pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Kyung Kim
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (Y.K.K.); (L.S.)
| | - Lori Sussel
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (Y.K.K.); (L.S.)
| | - Howard W. Davidson
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (Y.K.K.); (L.S.)
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-303-724-6852; Fax: +1-303-724-6830
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Cui X, Huang M, Wang S, Zhao N, Huang T, Wang Z, Qiao J, Wang S, Shan Z, Teng W, Li Y. Circulating Exosomes From Patients With Graves' Disease Induce an Inflammatory Immune Response. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6046189. [PMID: 33367747 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that can participate in autoimmune diseases. The purpose of this study was to explore whether circulating exosomes are involved in Graves' disease (GD) pathogenesis. In this study, serum exosomes were extracted from 26 healthy controls (HC-EXO), 26 GD patients (GD-EXO), and 7 Graves' ophthalmopathy patients (GO-EXO). For each group, the total protein content was detected, and thyrotropin receptor, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), and cluster of differentiation (CD) 63 expression were analyzed by Western blotting (WB). Healthy volunteer-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and HC-EXO or GD-EXO were cocultured for 24 h, and immunofluorescence was used to observe the locations of the exosomes and toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/3. CD11c+TLR2+ and CD11c+TLR3+ cell percentages were determined by flow cytometry. Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), toll/interleukin (IL)-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-β (TRIF) and p-P65 expression were analyzed by WB. IL-6 and IL-1β supernatant levels were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that the total protein concentration was similar among GD-EXO, GO-EXO, and HC-EXO. IGF-1R and HSP60 expression was significantly higher in GD-EXO and GO-EXO than in HC-EXO. After coculturing PBMCs with GD-EXO or HC-EXO for 24 h, GD-EXO could bind to TLR2/3. GD-EXO significantly increased CD11c+TLR2+ and CD11c+TLR3+ cell percentages; MyD88, TRIF, and p-P65 protein expression; and IL-6 and IL-1β levels. In conclusion, we first demonstrated that GD-EXO and GO-EXO highly expressed IGF-1R and HSP60. GD-EXO may induce an inflammatory response through the TLR/NF-κB signaling pathway and be involved in the pathogenesis of GD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingshi Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shiwei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Qiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weiping Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yushu Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Cheon SY, Lee JE. Extracellular Vesicles and Immune System in Ageing and Immune Diseases. Exp Neurobiol 2021; 30:32-47. [PMID: 33632983 PMCID: PMC7926047 DOI: 10.5607/en20059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune system is essential for host homeostasis. Immune cells communicate with each other by binding to receptors or by releasing vesicles including chemokines and cytokines. Under healthy circumstances, immune cell-derived factors are critical for cellular growth, division and function, whereas under conditions such as ageing and inflammatory states, they can aggravate pathologies and cause disease. Cell-derived membranous extracellular vesicles mediate cell-to-cell communication and are implicated in various physiological and pathological processes involving ageing and age-related diseases. Extracellular vesicles are responsible for spreading detrimental factors to the surroundings and the propagation phase of inflammatory diseases. The regulation of extracellular vesicles is a putative target for treatment of inflammatory diseases. Moreover, their features are ideal for developing biomarkers and drug delivery systems modulated by bioengineering in inflammatory diseases. The present review summarizes the current understanding of extracellular vesicles in ageing and inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So Yeong Cheon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.,BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Lu M, DiBernardo E, Parks E, Fox H, Zheng SY, Wayne E. The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Autoimmune Disorders. Front Immunol 2021; 12:566299. [PMID: 33732229 PMCID: PMC7959789 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.566299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important players in autoimmune diseases, both in disease pathogenesis and as potential treatments. EVs can transport autoimmune triggers throughout the body, facilitating the process of antigen presentation. Understanding the link between cellular stress and EV biogenesis and intercellular trafficking will advance our understanding of autoimmune diseases. In addition, EVs can also be effective treatments for autoimmune diseases. The diversity of cell types that produce EVs leads to a wide range of molecules to be present in EVs, and thus EVs have a wide range of physiological effects. EVs derived from dendritic cells or mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to reduce inflammation. Since many autoimmune treatments are focused only on symptom management, EVs present a promising avenue for potential treatments. This review looks at the different roles EVs can play in autoimmune diseases, from disease pathology to diagnosis and treatment. We also overview various methodologies in isolating or generating EVs and look to the future for possible applications of EVs in autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengrou Lu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Emma DiBernardo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Emily Parks
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hannah Fox
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Si-Yang Zheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Wayne
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Cao L, Wu Y, Wang X, Li X, Tan Z, Guan F. Role of Site-Specific Glycosylation in the I-Like Domain of Integrin β1 in Small Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Malignant Behavior and FAK Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041770. [PMID: 33578954 PMCID: PMC7916680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin β1 plays an essential role in the crosstalk between tumor cells and their microenvironment. Aberrant N-glycosylation of integrin β1 was documented to alter integrin β1 expression, dimerization, and biological function. However, the biological function of site-specific N-glycosylation of integrin β1 on extracellular vesicles is not fully understood. In this study, we mutated putative N-glycosylation sites in different domains of integrin β1. Removal of the N-glycosylation sites on the I-like domain of integrin β1 (termed the Δ4–6 β1 mutant) suppressed focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling, cell migration, and adhesion compared with other β1 mutants. Cell adhesion, migration, and activation of FAK were suppressed in recipient MCF7 cells co-cultured with Δ4–6 mutant cells and treated with small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from Δ4–6 mutant cells. Notably, the wild-type and β1 mutant were both present in sEVs, and could be transferred to recipient cells via sEVs, resulting in changes of cell behavior. Our findings demonstrate the important roles of N-glycosylation of the I-like domain of integrin β1. Moreover, the vesicular Δ4–6 β1 mutant can regulate integrin-mediated functions in recipient cells via sEVs.
Collapse
|
72
|
Finotti P, Pagetta A. A mutant α1antitrypsin in complex with heat shock proteins as the primary antigen in type 1 diabetes in silico investigation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3002. [PMID: 33542414 PMCID: PMC7862655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82730-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on previous results demonstrating that complexes of a mutant α1-antitrypsin with the heat shock proteins (HSP)70 and glucose-regulated protein94 (Grp94) circulate in the blood of patients with type 1 diabetes, we raised the hypothesis that these complexes could represent the primary antigen capable of triggering the autoimmune reactions leading to overt diabetes. As a first approach to this issue, we searched whether A1AT and HSPs had a sequence similarity to major islet antigen proteins so as to identify among the similar sequences those with potential relevance for the pathogenesis of diabetes. A thorough in silico analysis was performed to establish the score of similarity of the human proteins: A1AT, pro-insulin (INS), GAD65, IAPP, IA-2, ICA69, Grp94, HSP70 and HSP60. The sequences of A1AT and HSPs with the highest score of similarity to the islet peptides reported in the literature as the main autoantigens in human diabetes were recorded. At variance with other HSPs, also including HSP90 and Grp78, Grp94 contained the highest number and the longest sequences with structural similarity to A1AT and to well-known immunogenic peptides/epitopes of INS, GAD65, and IA-2. The similarity of A1AT with Grp94 and that of Grp94 with INS also suggested a functional relationship among the proteins. Specific sequences were identified in A1AT, Grp94 and HSP70, with the highest score of cross-similarity to a pattern of eight different islet protein epitopes. The similarity also involved recently discovered autoantigens in type 1 diabetes such as a hybrid peptides of insulin and the defective ribosomal insulin gene product. The significant similarity displayed by specific sequences of Grp94 and A1AT to the islet peptides considered main antigens in human diabetes, is a strong indication for testing these sequences as new peptides of immunogenic relevance in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Finotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Building "C", Largo E. Meneghetti, 2, 35131, Padua, Italy.
| | - Andrea Pagetta
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Building "C", Largo E. Meneghetti, 2, 35131, Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Penna C, Femminò S, Alloatti G, Brizzi MF, Angelone T, Pagliaro P. Extracellular Vesicles in Comorbidities Associated with Ischaemic Heart Disease: Focus on Sex, an Overlooked Factor. J Clin Med 2021; 10:327. [PMID: 33477341 PMCID: PMC7830384 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10020327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are emerging early markers of myocardial damage and key mediators of cardioprotection. Therefore, EV are becoming fascinating tools to prevent cardiovascular disease and feasible weapons to limit ischaemia/reperfusion injury. It is well known that metabolic syndrome negatively affects vascular and endothelial function, thus creating predisposition to ischemic diseases. Additionally, sex is known to significantly impact myocardial injury and cardioprotection. Therefore, actions able to reduce risk factors related to comorbidities in ischaemic diseases are required to prevent maladaptive ventricular remodelling, preserve cardiac function, and prevent the onset of heart failure. This implies that early diagnosis and personalised medicine, also related to sex differences, are mandatory for primary or secondary prevention. Here, we report the contribution of EV as biomarkers and/or therapeutic tools in comorbidities predisposing to cardiac ischaemic disease. Whenever possible, attention is dedicated to data linking EV to sex differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano (TO), Italy;
| | - Saveria Femminò
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano (TO), Italy;
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Alloatti
- Uni-Astiss, Polo Universitario Rita Levi Montalcini, 14100 Asti, Italy;
| | - Maria F. Brizzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Department of Biology, E. and E.S. (Di.B.E.S.T.), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy;
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano (TO), Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Moin ASM, Nandakumar M, Diane A, Dehbi M, Butler AE. The Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Type 1 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2021; 11:612584. [PMID: 33584694 PMCID: PMC7873876 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.612584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a T-cell mediated autoimmune disease characterized by recognition of pancreatic β-cell proteins as self-antigens, called autoantigens (AAgs), followed by loss of pancreatic β-cells. (Pre-)proinsulin ([P]PI), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), tyrosine phosphatase IA-2, and the zinc transporter ZnT8 are key molecules in T1D pathogenesis and are recognized by autoantibodies detected in routine clinical laboratory assays. However, generation of new autoantigens (neoantigens) from β-cells has also been reported, against which the autoreactive T cells show activity. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) were originally described as “cellular stress responders” for their role as chaperones that regulate the conformation and function of a large number of cellular proteins to protect the body from stress. HSPs participate in key cellular functions under both physiological and stressful conditions, including suppression of protein aggregation, assisting folding and stability of nascent and damaged proteins, translocation of proteins into cellular compartments and targeting irreversibly damaged proteins for degradation. Low HSP expression impacts many pathological conditions associated with diabetes and could play a role in diabetic complications. HSPs have beneficial effects in preventing insulin resistance and hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes (T2D). HSPs are, however, additionally involved in antigen presentation, presenting immunogenic peptides to class I and class II major histocompatibility molecules; thus, an opportunity exists for HSPs to be employed as modulators of immunologic responses in T1D and other autoimmune disorders. In this review, we discuss the multifaceted roles of HSPs in the pathogenesis of T1D and in autoantigen-specific immune protection against T1D development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abu Saleh Md Moin
- Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Manjula Nandakumar
- Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdoulaye Diane
- Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Dehbi
- Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Li FXZ, Lin X, Xu F, Shan SK, Guo B, Lei LM, Zheng MH, Wang Y, Xu QS, Yuan LQ. The Role of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles in Diabetes and Its Chronic Complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:780974. [PMID: 34987478 PMCID: PMC8721875 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.780974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are applied in regenerative medicine of several tissues and organs nowadays by virtue of their self-renewal capabilities, multiple differentiation capacity, potent immunomodulatory properties, and their ability to be favourably cultured and manipulated. With the continuous development of "cell-free therapy" research, MSC-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs) have increasingly become a research hotspot in the treatment of various diseases. Small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) are membrane vesicles with diameters of 30 to 150 nm that mediate signal transduction between adjacent or distal cells or organs by delivering non-coding RNA, protein, and DNA. The contents and effects of sEVs vary depending on the properties of the originating cell. In recent years, MSC-sEVs have been found to play an important role in the occurrence and development of diabetes mellitus as a new way of communication between cells. Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disease in clinic. Its complications of the heart, brain, kidney, eyes, and peripheral nerves are a serious threat to human health and has been a hot issue for clinicians. MSC-sEVs could be applied to repair or prevent damage from the complications of diabetes mellitus through anti-inflammatory effects, reduction of endoplasmic reticulum-related protein stress, polarization of M2 macrophages, and increasing autophagy. Therefore, we highly recommend that MSC-sEVs-based therapies to treat diabetes mellitus and its chronic complication be further explored. The analysis of the role and molecular mechanisms of MSC-sEVs in diabetes and its related complications will provide new idea and insights for the prevention and treatment of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Xing-Zi Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Su-Kang Shan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bei Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Min Lei
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming-Hui Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiu-Shuang Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling-Qing Yuan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Ling-Qing Yuan,
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Expression of miRNA-29 in Pancreatic β Cells Promotes Inflammation and Diabetes via TRAF3. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108576. [PMID: 33406428 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is recognized as a chronic, low-grade inflammatory disease characterized by insulin resistance and pancreatic β cell dysfunction; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we report a key β cell-macrophage crosstalk pathway mediated by the miRNA-29-TNF-receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) axis. β cell-specific transgenic miR-29a/b/c mice are predisposed to develop glucose intolerance and insulin resistance when fed a high-fat diet (HFD). The metabolic effect of β cell miR-29 is largely mediated through macrophages because either depletion of macrophages or reconstitution with miR-29-signaling defective bone marrow improves metabolic parameters in the transgenic mice. Mechanistically, our data show that miR-29 promotes the recruitment and activation of circulating monocytes and macrophages and, hence, inflammation, via miR-29 exosomes in a TRAF3-dependent manner. Our results demonstrate the ability of β cells to modulate the systemic inflammatory tone and glucose homeostasis via miR-29 in response to nutrient overload.
Collapse
|
77
|
Mattke J, Vasu S, Darden CM, Kumano K, Lawrence MC, Naziruddin B. Role of Exosomes in Islet Transplantation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:681600. [PMID: 34447351 PMCID: PMC8382876 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.681600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are known for their ability to transport nucleic acid, lipid, and protein molecules, which allows for communication between cells and tissues. The cargo of the exosomes can have a variety of effects on a wide range of targets to mediate biological function. Pancreatic islet transplantation is a minimally invasive cell replacement therapy to prevent or reverse diabetes mellitus and is currently performed in patients with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes or chronic pancreatitis. Exosomes have become a focus in the field of islet transplantation for the study of diagnostic markers of islet cell viability and function. A growing list of miRNAs identified from exosomes collected during the process of isolating islets can be used as diagnostic biomarkers of islet stress and damage, leading to a better understanding of critical steps of the isolation procedure that can be improved to increase islet yield and quality. Exosomes have also been implicated as a possible contributor to islet graft rejection following transplantation, as they carry donor major histocompatibility complex molecules, which are then processed by recipient antigen-presenting cells and sensed by the recipient immune cells. Exosomes may find their way into the therapeutic realm of islet transplantation, as exosomes isolated from mesenchymal stem cells have shown promising results in early studies that have seen increased viability and functionality of isolated and grafted islets in vitro as well as in vivo. With the study of exosomes still in its infancy, continued research on the role of exosomes in islet transplantation will be paramount to understanding beta cell regeneration and improving long-term graft function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Mattke
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Srividya Vasu
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Carly M. Darden
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Kenjiro Kumano
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Michael C. Lawrence
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Bashoo Naziruddin
- Baylor Simmons Transplant Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Bashoo Naziruddin,
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Pang H, Luo S, Xiao Y, Xia Y, Li X, Huang G, Xie Z, Zhou Z. Emerging Roles of Exosomes in T1DM. Front Immunol 2020; 11:593348. [PMID: 33324409 PMCID: PMC7725901 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.593348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a complex autoimmune disorder that mainly affects children and adolescents. The elevated blood glucose level of patients with T1DM results from absolute insulin deficiency and leads to hyperglycemia and the development of life-threatening diabetic complications. Although great efforts have been made to elucidate the pathogenesis of this disease, the precise underlying mechanisms are still obscure. Emerging evidence indicates that small extracellular vesicles, namely, exosomes, take part in intercellular communication and regulate interorgan crosstalk. More importantly, many findings suggest that exosomes and their cargo are associated with the development of T1DM. Therefore, a deeper understanding of exosomes is beneficial for further elucidating the pathogenic process of T1DM. Exosomes are promising biomarkers for evaluating the risk of developingty T1DM, monitoring the disease state and predicting related complications because their number and composition can reflect the status of their parent cells. Additionally, since exosomes are natural carriers of functional proteins, RNA and DNA, they can be used as therapeutic tools to deliver these molecules and drugs. In this review, we briefly introduce the current understanding of exosomes. Next, we focus on the relationship between exosomes and T1DM from three perspectives, i.e., the pathogenic role of exosomes in T1DM, exosomes as novel biomarkers of T1DM and exosomes as therapeutic tools for T1DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Pang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuoming Luo
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Xia
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gan Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiguo Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Hejrati A, Hasani B, Esmaili M, Bashash D, Tavakolinia N, Zafari P. Role of exosome in autoimmunity, with a particular emphasis on rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Rheum Dis 2020; 24:159-169. [PMID: 33159418 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell-derived exosomes are identified as carriers of lipids, proteins, and genetic materials that participate in cell-cell signal communication, biological process, and cell signaling. Also, their involvement has been reported in a vast array of disorders and inflammatory conditions such as autoimmune diseases. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a common cause of joint disorder, is an inflammation-based disease in which the precise understanding of its pathogenesis needs to be further investigated. Also, there is only a palliative care approach for the alleviation of RA symptoms. This paper discusses the recent advances in the biology of exosomes in autoimmune disorders especially in RA, and also provides a new line of research for arthritis therapy using exosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Hejrati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hazrate-Rasool General Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahare Hasani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Esmaili
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naeimeh Tavakolinia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Zafari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Tan Z, Cao L, Wu Y, Wang B, Song Z, Yang J, Cheng L, Yang X, Zhou X, Dai Z, Li X, Guan F. Bisecting GlcNAc modification diminishes the pro-metastatic functions of small extracellular vesicles from breast cancer cells. J Extracell Vesicles 2020; 10:e12005. [PMID: 33304474 PMCID: PMC7710122 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are enriched in glycoconjugates and display specific glycosignatures. Aberrant expression of surface glycoconjugates is closely correlated with cancer progression and metastasis. The essential functions of glycoconjugates in sEVs are poorly understood. In this study, we observed significantly reduced levels of bisecting GlcNAc in breast cancer. Introduction of bisecting GlcNAc into breast cancer cells altered the bisecting GlcNAc status on sEVs, and sEVs with diverse bisecting GlcNAc showed differing functions on recipient cells. Carcinogenesis and metastasis of recipient cells were enhanced by sEVs with low bisecting GlcNAc, and the pro‐metastatic functions of sEVs was diminished by high bisecting GlcNAc modification. We further identified vesicular integrin β1 as a target protein bearing bisecting GlcNAc. Metastasis of recipient cells was strongly suppressed by high bisecting GlcNAc levels on vesicular β1. Our findings demonstrate the important roles of glycoconjugates on sEVs. Modification of sEV glycosylation may contribute to development of novel targets in breast cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zengqi Tan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Glycobiology and Medicinal Chemistry College of Life Science Northwest University Xi'an P.R. China
| | - Lin Cao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Glycobiology and Medicinal Chemistry College of Life Science Northwest University Xi'an P.R. China
| | - Yurong Wu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Glycobiology and Medicinal Chemistry College of Life Science Northwest University Xi'an P.R. China
| | - Bowen Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Glycobiology and Medicinal Chemistry College of Life Science Northwest University Xi'an P.R. China
| | - Zhihui Song
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Glycobiology and Medicinal Chemistry College of Life Science Northwest University Xi'an P.R. China
| | - Juhong Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Glycobiology and Medicinal Chemistry College of Life Science Northwest University Xi'an P.R. China
| | - Lanming Cheng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Glycobiology and Medicinal Chemistry College of Life Science Northwest University Xi'an P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an P.R. China.,Department of Breast Surgery Tumor Hospital of Shaanxi Province Xi'an P.R. China
| | - Xiaoman Zhou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Glycobiology and Medicinal Chemistry College of Life Science Northwest University Xi'an P.R. China
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital College of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou P.R. China.,Department of Oncology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong Xi'an P.R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Medicine Northwest University Xi'an P.R. China
| | - Feng Guan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Glycobiology and Medicinal Chemistry College of Life Science Northwest University Xi'an P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Mallone R, Eizirik DL. Presumption of innocence for beta cells: why are they vulnerable autoimmune targets in type 1 diabetes? Diabetologia 2020; 63:1999-2006. [PMID: 32894310 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05176-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is increasingly appreciated that the pathogenic mechanisms of type 1 diabetes involve both the autoimmune aggressors and their beta cell targets, which engage in a conflicting dialogue within and possibly outside the pancreas. Indeed, autoimmune CD8+ T cells, which are the final mediators of beta cell destruction, circulate at similar frequencies in type 1 diabetic and healthy individuals. Hence a universal state of 'benign' islet autoimmunity exists, and we hypothesise that its progression to type 1 diabetes may at least partially rely on a higher vulnerability of beta cells, which play a key, active role in disease development and/or amplification. We posit that this autoimmune vulnerability is rooted in some features of beta cell biology: the stress imposed by the high rate of production of insulin and other granule proteins, their dense vascularisation and the secretion of their products directly into the bloodstream. Gene variants that may predispose individuals to this vulnerability have been identified, e.g. MDA5, TYK2, PTPN2. They interact with environmental cues, such as viral infections, that may drive this genetic potential towards exacerbated local inflammation and progressive beta cell loss. On top of this, beta cells set up compensatory responses, such as the unfolded protein response, that become deleterious in the long term. The relative contribution of immune and beta cell drivers may vary and phenotypic subtypes (endotypes) are likely to exist. This dual view argues for the use of circulating biomarkers of both autoimmunity and beta cell stress for disease staging, and for the implementation of both immunomodulatory and beta cell-protective therapeutic strategies. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Mallone
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, G.H. Cochin-Port Royal, Cassini building, 123 boulevard de Port Royal, 75014, Paris, France.
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Paris Centre-Université de Paris, Cochin Hospital, Service de Diabétologie et Immunologie Clinique, 75014, Paris, France.
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research and WELBIO, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Giri KR, de Beaurepaire L, Jegou D, Lavy M, Mosser M, Dupont A, Fleurisson R, Dubreil L, Collot M, Van Endert P, Bach JM, Mignot G, Bosch S. Molecular and Functional Diversity of Distinct Subpopulations of the Stressed Insulin-Secreting Cell's Vesiculome. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1814. [PMID: 33101266 PMCID: PMC7556286 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta cell failure and apoptosis following islet inflammation have been associated with autoimmune type 1 diabetes pathogenesis. As conveyors of biological active material, extracellular vesicles (EV) act as mediators in communication with immune effectors fostering the idea that EV from inflamed beta cells may contribute to autoimmunity. Evidence accumulates that beta exosomes promote diabetogenic responses, but relative contributions of larger vesicles as well as variations in the composition of the beta cell's vesiculome due to environmental changes have not been explored yet. Here, we made side-by-side comparisons of the phenotype and function of apoptotic bodies (AB), microvesicles (MV) and small EV (sEV) isolated from an equal amount of MIN6 beta cells exposed to inflammatory, hypoxic or genotoxic stressors. Under normal conditions, large vesicles represent 93% of the volume, but only 2% of the number of the vesicles. Our data reveal a consistently higher release of AB and sEV and to a lesser extent of MV, exclusively under inflammatory conditions commensurate with a 4-fold increase in the total volume of the vesiculome and enhanced export of immune-stimulatory material including the autoantigen insulin, microRNA, and cytokines. Whilst inflammation does not change the concentration of insulin inside the EV, specific Toll-like receptor-binding microRNA sequences preferentially partition into sEV. Exposure to inflammatory stress engenders drastic increases in the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in all EV and of interleukin-27 solely in AB suggesting selective sorting toward EV subspecies. Functional in vitro assays in mouse dendritic cells and macrophages reveal further differences in the aptitude of EV to modulate expression of cytokines and maturation markers. These findings highlight the different quantitative and qualitative imprints of environmental changes in subpopulations of beta EV that may contribute to the spread of inflammation and sustained immune cell recruitment at the inception of the (auto-) immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Margot Lavy
- IECM, ONIRIS, INRAE, USC1383, Nantes, France
| | | | - Aurelien Dupont
- MRic, Biosit, UMS3480 CNRS, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | | | - Laurence Dubreil
- PAnTher, INRAE, Oniris, Université Bretagne Loire, Nantes, France
| | - Mayeul Collot
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR CNRS 7213, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Peter Van Endert
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
83
|
Wu WC, Song SJ, Zhang Y, Li X. Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Autoimmune Pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:579043. [PMID: 33072123 PMCID: PMC7538611 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.579043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are conditions that emerge from abnormal immune responses to natural parts of the body. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous structures found in almost all types of cells. Because EVs often transport “cargo” between cells, their ability to crosstalk may be an important communication pathway within the body. The pathophysiological role of EVs is increasingly recognized in autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, Type 1 diabetes, and autoimmune thyroid disease. EVs are considered as biomarkers of these diseases. This article outlines existing knowledge on the biogenesis of EVs, their role as messegers in cellular communication and the function in T/B cell differentiation and maturation, and focusing on their potential application in autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Cheng Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sheng-Jiao Song
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xing Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Sun W, Ren Y, Lu Z, Zhao X. The potential roles of exosomes in pancreatic cancer initiation and metastasis. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:135. [PMID: 32878635 PMCID: PMC7466807 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01255-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PaCa) is an insidious and highly metastatic malignancy, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 5%. So far, the pathogenesis and progression mechanisms of PaCa have been poorly characterized. Exosomes correspond to a class of extracellular nanovesicles, produced by a broad range of human somatic and cancerous cells. These particular nanovesicles are mainly composed by proteins, genetic substances and lipids, which mediate signal transduction and material transport. A large number of studies have indicated that exosomes may play decisive roles in the occurrence and metastatic progression of PaCa. This article summarizes the specific functions of exosomes and their underlying molecular mechanisms in mediating the initiation and metastatic capability of PaCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Ren
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Zaiming Lu
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiangxuan Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Emerging data have suggested that β-cell dysfunction may exacerbate the development and progression of type 1 diabetes (T1D). In this review, we highlight clinical and preclinical studies suggesting a role for β-cell dysfunction during the evolution of T1D and suggest agents that may promote β-cell health in T1D. RECENT FINDINGS Metabolic abnormalities exist years before development of hyperglycemia and exhibit a reproducible pattern reflecting progressive deterioration of β-cell function and increases in β-cell stress and death. Preclinical studies indicate that T1D may be prevented by modification of pathways impacting intrinsic β-cell stress and antigen presentation. Recent findings suggest that differences in metabolic phenotypes and β-cell stress may reflect differing endotypes of T1D. Multiple pathways representing potential drug targets have been identified, but most remain to be tested in human populations with preclinical disease. SUMMARY This cumulative body of work shows clear evidence that β-cell stress, dysfunction, and death are harbingers of impending T1D and likely contribute to progression of disease and insulin deficiency. Treatment with agents targeting β-cell health could augment interventions with immunomodulatory therapies but will need to be tested in intervention studies with endpoints carefully designed to capture changes in β-cell function and health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily K. Sims
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Raghavendra G. Mirmira
- Kovler Diabetes Center and the Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Proteomic profiling of MIN6 cell-derived exosomes. J Proteomics 2020; 224:103841. [PMID: 32461166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes have been widely used in research on the early clinical diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of various cancers due to their features of small size (30-120 nm), non-immunogenicity and ability to cross biological barriers. However, few studies have investigated exosomes involved in metabolic diseases. Early studies have found that adipose tissue can be a source of exosomes regulating metabolism, but the related functions of exosomes secreted by other tissues in the regulation of metabolic diseases have not been determined. In addition, islets were found to be able to secrete miRNA via exosomes, suggesting that islet exosomes may be among the sources of exosomes involved in the regulation of metabolic diseases and that the relevant protein profiles have not been characterized to date. Therefore, identifying the protein contents of pancreatic β cell-derived exosomes would benefit further research investigating the protein functions and mechanisms associated with diabetes-related metabolic diseases. SIGNIFICANCE: Exosomes are emerging tools for investigating metabolic diseases in recent years, but little research has been done. In our work, functional identification of MIN6 cell-derived exosomal proteins and comparative analysis of islet β cell exosomal protein data from different cell lines or from different species revealed that exosomes secreted by islet β cells may be involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism. These results may suggest that intercellular communication induced by exosome transfer among tissues may account for the major reason of diabetic metabolic disorder. In addition, these results may provide a theoretical basis for the study of the physiological and pathological functions of islet β cell exosomes for the future studies.
Collapse
|
87
|
Cause or effect? A review of clinical data demonstrating beta cell dysfunction prior to the clinical onset of type 1 diabetes. Mol Metab 2020; 27S:S129-S138. [PMID: 31500824 PMCID: PMC6768572 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Limited successes of conventional approaches to type 1 diabetes (T1D) prevention and treatment have highlighted the need for improved understanding of risk factors contributing to or hastening progression to clinical diagnosis. Scope of review This review summarizes beta cell function metabolic phenotyping data from clinical studies conducted in at-risk individuals before T1D onset and healthy controls. Data are drawn from studies comparing at-risk individuals who progress to T1D to at-risk individuals who do not progress to T1D, as well as from studies comparing at-risk individuals to controls without a T1D family history. Major conclusions Rapid loss of beta cell insulin secretion occurs in the months immediately preceding clinical onset. However, evidence of beta cell dysfunction is present even years earlier. Comparisons to controls without a family history suggest that many individuals in families impacted by T1D have evidence of beta cell dysfunction, even individuals who are unlikely to develop clinical disease. These findings may mean that underlying metabolic beta cell dysfunction contributes to T1D development and may explain some of the heterogeneity observed in the disease.
Collapse
|
88
|
Li CJ, Fang QH, Liu ML, Lin JN. Current understanding of the role of Adipose-derived Extracellular Vesicles in Metabolic Homeostasis and Diseases: Communication from the distance between cells/tissues. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:7422-7435. [PMID: 32642003 PMCID: PMC7330853 DOI: 10.7150/thno.42167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes, microvesicles (MVs), and apoptotic bodies, are small membrane vesicular structures that are released during cell activation, senescence, or programmed cell death, including apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis. EVs serve as novel mediators for long-distance cell-to-cell communications and can transfer various bioactive molecules, such as encapsulated cytokines and genetic information from their parental cells to distant target cells. In the context of obesity, adipocyte-derived EVs are implicated in metabolic homeostasis serving as novel adipokines. In particular, EVs released from brown adipose tissue or adipose-derived stem cells may help control the remolding of white adipose tissue towards browning and maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Interestingly, EVs may even serve as mediators for the transmission of metabolic dysfunction across generations. Also, EVs have been recognized as novel modulators in various metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this review, we summarize the latest progress from basic and translational studies regarding the novel effects of EVs on metabolic diseases. We also discuss EV-mediated cross-talk between adipose tissue and other organs/tissues that are relevant to obesity and metabolic diseases, as well as the relevant mechanisms, providing insight into the development of new therapeutic strategies in obesity and metabolic diseases.
Collapse
|
89
|
Cui X, Wang S, Zhao N, Wang S, Wang Z, Huang M, Liu Y, Qin J, Shan Z, Teng W, Li Y. Thyrocyte-derived exosome-targeted dendritic cells stimulate strong CD4 + T lymphocyte responses. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 506:110756. [PMID: 32045626 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes have been intensively studied in autoimmune diseases, and circulating exosomes and microvesicles have also been explored in autoimmune thyroiditis (AITD). However, the role of thyroid cell-derived exosomes in immune responses is unclear. We showed that IFN-γ-treated Nthy-ori 3-1 cell-derived exosomes (IFN-γ-Exo) harbored TPO, HSP60 and MHC-II and activated dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro. Compared with Exo-targeted DCs (DCExo), IFN-γ-Exo-targeted DCs (DCIFN-γ-Exo) promoted the expression and release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-γ, IL-17A and IL-22, from CD4+ T lymphocytes and inhibited the expression and release of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β1; however, IFN-γ-Exo did not have this effect compared with Nthy-ori 3-1 cell-derived exosomes (Exo). DCIFN-γ-Exo stimulates the expression and release of cytokines from CD4+ T lymphocytes more efficiently than IFN-γ-Exo. Thus, DCIFN-γ-Exo may effectively induce CD4+ T lymphocyte-mediated immune responses and play a role in the occurrence and development of AITD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Shiwei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Mingshi Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yongping Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Jing Qin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Weiping Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yushu Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Nazimek K, Bryniarski K. Approaches to inducing antigen-specific immune tolerance in allergy and autoimmunity: Focus on antigen-presenting cells and extracellular vesicles. Scand J Immunol 2020; 91:e12881. [PMID: 32243636 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increasing prevalence of allergic and autoimmune diseases urges clinicians and researchers to search for new and efficient treatments. Strategies that activate antigen-specific immune tolerance and simultaneously maintain immune reactivity to all other antigens deserve special attention. Accordingly, antigen-presenting cells (APCs) seem to be the best suited for orchestrating these mechanisms by directing T cell immune responses towards a tolerant subtype. Recent advances in understanding cell-to-cell communication via extracellular vesicles (EVs) make the latter promising candidates for reprogramming APCs towards a tolerant phenotype, and for mediating tolerogenic APC function. Thus, comprehensive studies have been undertaken to describe the interactions of APCs and EVs naturally occurring during immune tolerance induction, as well as to develop EV-based manoeuvres enabling the induction of immune tolerance in an antigen-specific manner. In this review, we summarize the findings of relevant studies, with a special emphasis on future perspectives on their translation to clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Nazimek
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Immunology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Bryniarski
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Immunology, Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Tesovnik T, Kovač J, Pohar K, Hudoklin S, Dovč K, Bratina N, Trebušak Podkrajšek K, Debeljak M, Veranič P, Bosi E, Piemonti L, Ihan A, Battelino T. Extracellular Vesicles Derived Human-miRNAs Modulate the Immune System in Type 1 Diabetes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:202. [PMID: 32296701 PMCID: PMC7136501 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles with their molecular cargo can modulate target cell response and may affect the pathogenesis of diseases. The extracellular vesicles containing micro-RNAs (miRNAs), which are often studied as disease biomarkers, but rarely as mediators of the disease development. The role of extracellular vesicles derived miRNAs in type 1 diabetes is currently not well established. We observed a fraction of blood plasma extracellular vesicles positive for membrane proteins potentially associated with insulin-producing beta-cells and identified differentially expressed extracellular vesicles derived miRNAs in individuals with type 1 diabetes. These differentially expressed extracellular vesicles derived human miRNAs in participants with type 1 diabetes and participants with Langerhans islets beta-cells destruction showed the ability to activate TLR7/8 signaling cascade and increase activation as well as cytotoxicity of the effector blood immune cells with cytokine and chemokine release. Our results illustrate extracellular vesicles derived human miRNAs as modulators of the immune system in type 1 diabetes autoimmunity, providing potentially new insight into the pathogenesis of the disease, and novel molecular targets for intervention and type 1 diabetes prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tine Tesovnik
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Clinical Institute of Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, University Children's Hospital, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Chair of Paediatrics, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Kovač
- Clinical Institute of Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, University Children's Hospital, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katka Pohar
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Samo Hudoklin
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Klemen Dovč
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Bratina
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Chair of Paediatrics, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Trebušak Podkrajšek
- Clinical Institute of Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, University Children's Hospital, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maruša Debeljak
- Clinical Institute of Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, University Children's Hospital, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Veranič
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Emanuele Bosi
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alojz Ihan
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Battelino
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Chair of Paediatrics, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Yang S, Cao C, Xie Z, Zhou Z. Analysis of potential hub genes involved in the pathogenesis of Chinese type 1 diabetic patients. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:295. [PMID: 32355739 PMCID: PMC7186604 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease strongly related to genetic factors. Although studies on T1D susceptibility genes have achieved great progress, the molecular mechanism of T1D remains to be explained. Methods To explore the underlying mechanisms of T1D, bioinformatic analysis based on a microarray database was used to determine the key biomarkers of T1D as well as their biofunctions and interactions. The microarray database GSE55100 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were processed by packages in R Software. The database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID, version 6.8) was used to conduct gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. The protein-protein interaction network was analyzed with the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING), and the module analysis was performed using Cytoscape. Results Seventy-eight DEGs and 13 hub genes were identified. The biofunctions and pathways of these DEGs were enriched in immune response, extracellular exosome, cytokine activity and antigen processing and presentation. Thirteen DEGs with MCODE score ≥2 were selected as hub genes including MMP9, ARG1, CAMP, CHI3L1, CRISP3, SLPI, LCN2, PGLYRP1, LTF, RETN, CEACAM1, CEACAM8 and MS4A3. Conclusions The identification and analyses of the DEGs and hub genes from database GSE55100 provide novel prospectives of the pathogenesis of T1D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Yang
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410011, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Chuqing Cao
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410011, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Zhiguo Xie
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410011, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410011, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha 410011, China
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Maione F, Cappellano G, Bellan M, Raineri D, Chiocchetti A. Chicken-or-egg question: Which came first, extracellular vesicles or autoimmune diseases? J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:601-616. [PMID: 32108378 PMCID: PMC7496139 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr0120-232r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted great interest as contributors to autoimmune disease (AD) pathogenesis, owing to their immunomodulatory potential; they may also play a role in triggering tolerance disruption, by delivering auto‐antigens. EVs are released by almost all cell types, and afford paracrine or distal cell communication, functioning as biological carriers of active molecules including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Depending on stimuli from the external microenvironment or on their cargo, EVs can promote or suppress immune responses. ADs are triggered by inappropriate immune‐system activation against the self, but their precise etiology is still poorly understood. Accumulating evidence indicates that lifestyle and diet have a strong impact on their clinical onset and development. However, to date the mechanisms underlying AD pathogenesis are not fully clarified, and reliable markers, which would provide early prediction and disease progression monitoring, are lacking. In this connection, EVs have recently been indicated as a promising source of AD biomarkers. Although EV isolation is currently based on differential centrifugation or density‐gradient ultracentrifugation, the resulting co‐isolation of contaminants (i.e., protein aggregates), and the pooling of all EVs in one sample, limit this approach to abundantly‐expressed EVs. Flow cytometry is one of the most promising methods for detecting EVs as biomarkers, and may have diagnostic applications. Furthermore, very recent findings describe a new method for identifying and sorting EVs by flow cytometry from freshly collected body fluids, based on specific EV surface markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Maione
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease-CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases- IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cappellano
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease-CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases- IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Mattia Bellan
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease-CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Davide Raineri
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease-CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases- IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiocchetti
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease-CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases- IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Giwa AM, Ahmed R, Omidian Z, Majety N, Karakus KE, Omer SM, Donner T, Hamad ARA. Current understandings of the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes: Genetics to environment. World J Diabetes 2020; 11:13-25. [PMID: 31938470 PMCID: PMC6927819 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v11.i1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that usually strikes early in life, but can affect individuals at almost any age. It is caused by autoreactive T cells that destroy insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Epidemiological studies estimate a prevalence of 1 in 300 children in the United States with an increasing incidence of 2%-5% annually worldwide. The daily responsibility, clinical management, and vigilance required to maintain blood sugar levels within normal range and avoid acute complications (hypoglycemic episodes and diabetic ketoacidosis) and long term micro- and macro-vascular complications significantly affects quality of life and public health care costs. Given the expansive impact of T1D, research work has accelerated and T1D has been intensively investigated with the focus to better understand, manage and cure this condition. Many advances have been made in the past decades in this regard, but key questions remain as to why certain people develop T1D, but not others, with the glaring example of discordant disease incidence among monozygotic twins. In this review, we discuss the field’s current understanding of its pathophysiology and the role of genetics and environment on the development of T1D. We examine the potential implications of these findings with an emphasis on T1D inheritance patterns, twin studies, and disease prevention. Through a better understanding of this process, interventions can be developed to prevent or halt it at early stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adebola Matthew Giwa
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Rizwan Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Zahra Omidian
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Neha Majety
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | | | - Sarah M Omer
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Thomas Donner
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Abdel Rahim A Hamad
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Chidester S, Livinski AA, Fish AF, Joseph PV. The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in β-Cell Function and Viability: A Scoping Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:375. [PMID: 32595604 PMCID: PMC7300279 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by cells throughout the body have been implicated in diabetes pathogenesis. Understanding the role of EVs in regulation of β-cell function and viability may provide insights into diabetes etiology and may lead to the development of more effective screening and diagnostic tools to detect diabetes earlier and prevent disease progression. This review was conducted to determine what is known from the literature about the effect of EV crosstalk on pancreatic β-cell function and viability in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, to perform a gap analysis for future research directions, and to discuss implications of available evidence for diabetes care. The literature search yielded 380 studies from which 31 studies were determined to meet eligibility criteria. The majority of studies had the disease context of autoimmunity in T1DM. The most commonly studied EV crosstalk dynamics involved localized EV-mediated communication between β-cells and other islet cells, or between β-cells and immune cells. Other organs and tissues secreting EVs that affect β-cells include skeletal muscle, hepatocytes, adipocytes, immune cells, bone marrow, vascular endothelium, and mesenchymal stem cells. Characterization of EV cargo molecules with regulatory effects in β-cells was conducted in 24 studies, with primary focus on microRNA cargo. Gaps identified included scarcity of evidence for the effect on β-cell function and viability of EVs from major metabolic organs/tissues such as muscle, liver, and adipose depots. Future research should address these gaps as well as characterize a broader range of EV cargo molecules and their activity in β-cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Chidester
- Sensory Science & Metabolism Unit, Biobehavioral Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, United States
- College of Nursing, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Alicia A. Livinski
- National Institutes of Health Library, Office of Research Services, OD, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Anne F. Fish
- College of Nursing, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Paule V. Joseph
- Sensory Science & Metabolism Unit, Biobehavioral Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Paule V. Joseph
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Injury factors alter miRNAs profiles of exosomes derived from islets and circulation. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:3986-3999. [PMID: 30552311 PMCID: PMC6326691 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Islets damage is a major abnormality underling diabetes. Recent studies suggested the value of exosomes in diagnosis. This study aimed to investigate the impact of injury factors on the miRNA profiles of islet exosomes and determine whether circulating exosomal miRNAs is suitable as biomarkers of islets damage. Islets were isolated from ICR mice and induced injury in vitro by mixed cytokines (Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Interleukin -1β and Interferon-γ) or streptozotocin (STZ), and exosomes were derived from the cultural supernatant. Using miRNA microarray analysis, we found 22 and 11 differentially expressed miRNAs in islet exosomes of STZ and cytokines treatment, respectively, including 6 miRNAs as the intersection of two injured conditions. Thereinto, mmu-miR-375-3p and mmu-miR-129-5p could be validated by qRT-PCR. Then, Serum exosomes were isolated from STZ injected mice and subjects with various glucose metabolism states and diabetic duration. qRT-PCR demonstrated exosomal mmu-miR-375-3p dramatically increased in serum of STZ treated mouse prior to the disturbance of blood glucose and insulin. In human serum exosomes, hsa-miR-375-3p was elevated in new-onset diabetes patients. Overall, our results suggest that injury factors changed miRNA profiles of exosomes derived from islets and exosomal miR-375-3p showed promising potential as a biomarker of islets damage.
Collapse
|
97
|
Ayala‐Mar S, Donoso‐Quezada J, Gallo‐Villanueva RC, Perez‐Gonzalez VH, González‐Valdez J. Recent advances and challenges in the recovery and purification of cellular exosomes. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:3036-3049. [PMID: 31373715 PMCID: PMC6972601 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are nanovesicles secreted by most cellular types that carry important biochemical compounds throughout the body with different purposes, playing a preponderant role in cellular communication. Because of their structure, physicochemical properties and stability, recent studies are focusing in their use as nanocarriers for different therapeutic compounds for the treatment of different diseases ranging from cancer to Parkinson's disease. However, current bioseparation protocols and methodologies are selected based on the final exosome application or intended use and present both advantages and disadvantages when compared among them. In this context, this review aims to present the most important technologies available for exosome isolation while discussing their advantages and disadvantages and the possibilities of being combined with other strategies. This is critical since the development of novel exosome-based therapeutic strategies will be constrained to the effectiveness and yield of the selected downstream purification methodologies for which a thorough understanding of the available technological resources is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Ayala‐Mar
- Tecnologico de MonterreySchool of Engineering and Science, AvEugenio Garza Sada 2501 SurMonterreyNLMexico
| | - Javier Donoso‐Quezada
- Tecnologico de MonterreySchool of Engineering and Science, AvEugenio Garza Sada 2501 SurMonterreyNLMexico
| | | | - Victor H. Perez‐Gonzalez
- Tecnologico de MonterreySchool of Engineering and Science, AvEugenio Garza Sada 2501 SurMonterreyNLMexico
| | - José González‐Valdez
- Tecnologico de MonterreySchool of Engineering and Science, AvEugenio Garza Sada 2501 SurMonterreyNLMexico
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Krishnan P, Syed F, Jiyun Kang N, G. Mirmira R, Evans-Molina C. Profiling of RNAs from Human Islet-Derived Exosomes in a Model of Type 1 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235903. [PMID: 31775218 PMCID: PMC6928620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the immune-mediated destruction of insulin-producing islet β cells. Biomarkers capable of identifying T1D risk and dissecting disease-related heterogeneity represent an unmet clinical need. Toward the goal of informing T1D biomarker strategies, we profiled coding and noncoding RNAs in human islet-derived exosomes and identified RNAs that were differentially expressed under proinflammatory cytokine stress conditions. Human pancreatic islets were obtained from cadaveric donors and treated with/without IL-1β and IFN-γ. Total RNA and small RNA sequencing were performed from islet-derived exosomes to identify mRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and small noncoding RNAs. RNAs with a fold change ≥1.3 and a p-value <0.05 were considered as differentially expressed. mRNAs and miRNAs represented the most abundant long and small RNA species, respectively. Each of the RNA species showed altered expression patterns with cytokine treatment, and differentially expressed RNAs were predicted to be involved in insulin secretion, calcium signaling, necrosis, and apoptosis. Taken together, our data identify RNAs that are dysregulated under cytokine stress in human islet-derived exosomes, providing a comprehensive catalog of protein coding and noncoding RNAs that may serve as potential circulating biomarkers in T1D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Krishnan
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (F.S.); (N.J.K.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Farooq Syed
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (F.S.); (N.J.K.); (R.G.M.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Nicole Jiyun Kang
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (F.S.); (N.J.K.); (R.G.M.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Raghavendra G. Mirmira
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (F.S.); (N.J.K.); (R.G.M.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (F.S.); (N.J.K.); (R.G.M.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS 2031A, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-317-274-4145; Fax: +1-317-274-4107
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Simvastatin mediates inhibition of exosome synthesis, localization and secretion via multicomponent interventions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16373. [PMID: 31704996 PMCID: PMC6841733 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52765-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Discovery of exosomes as modulator of cellular communication has added a new dimension to our understanding of biological processes. Exosomes influence the biological systems by mediating trans-communication across tissues and cells, which has important implication for health and disease. In absence of well-characterized modulators of exosome biogenesis, an alternative option is to target pathways generating important exosomal components. Cholesterol represents one such essential component required for exosomal biogenesis. We initiated this study to test the hypothesis that owing to its cholesterol lowering effect, simvastatin, a HMG CoA inhibitor, might be able to alter exosome formation and secretion. Simvastatin was tested for its effect on exosome secretion under various in-vitro and in-vivo settings and was found to reduce the secretion of exosome from various cell-types. It was also found to alter the levels of various proteins important for exosome production. Murine model of Acute Airway Inflammation was used for further validation of our findings. We believe that the knowledge acquired in this study holds potential for extension to other exosome dominated pathologies and model systems.
Collapse
|
100
|
Cui X, Liu Y, Wang S, Zhao N, Qin J, Li Y, Fan C, Shan Z, Teng W. Circulating Exosomes Activate Dendritic Cells and Induce Unbalanced CD4+ T Cell Differentiation in Hashimoto Thyroiditis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:4607-4618. [PMID: 31199456 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explored whether circulating exosomes effectively participate in the inflammatory response in Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT). DESIGN Exosomes were extracted from the serum of 30 patients with HT and 30 healthy control (HC) subjects. The expression of thyroperoxidase (TPO), thyroglobulin, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) in exosomes was determined by Western blotting. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were performed to confirm that exosomes were taken up by healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and dendritic cells (DCs). Then, either DCs or PBMCs were stimulated with HT exosomes (serum exosomes from patients with HT) or HC exosomes (serum exosomes from HC subjects) in the presence or absence of Toll-like receptor (TLR)2/3 inhibitors. RESULTS TPO, HSP60, and MHC-II expression was higher in HT exosomes than in HC exosomes. Exosomes were mainly taken up by CD14+ monocytes and CD11c+ DCs. After DCs were stimulated by HT exosomes, significant elevations were observed in MyD88, TRIF, and p-P65 expression; median fluorescence intensity of CD40 and CD83; and IL-6 production. After stimulating PBMCs with HT exosomes, CD11c+TLR2+/TLR3+ and CD4+IFN-γ+Th1/IL-17A+Th17A cell percentages were significantly elevated, and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cell percentage was significantly decreased. HT exosomes induced increased IL-17A and IFN-γ production, whereas IL-10 production was suppressed. However, addition of TLR2 or TLR3 inhibitor reversed most of the abovementioned results. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that HT exosomes can present antigens to DCs and bind TLR2/3, causing DC activation via the nuclear factor κB signaling pathway, leading to an imbalance in CD4+ T lymphocyte differentiation, and potentially contributing to HT onset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongping Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Qin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yushu Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenling Fan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weiping Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|