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Bakhshalizadeh S, Liyafoyi AR, Fazio F, Mora-Medina R, Ayala-Soldado N. Health risk assessment of heavy metal concentration in muscle of Chelon auratus and Chelon saliens from the southern Caspian Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:3377-3385. [PMID: 36322228 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01401-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are one of the most serious pollutants in aquatic ecosystems, and their accumulation in fish products causes harmful effects on human health. In this context, we set out to determine the concentrations of heavy metals in the muscle of two fish species of commercial interest, Chelon auratus and Chelon saliens on the south coast of the Caspian Sea. We aimed to assess the degree of environment contamination in this area and to estimate the potential risk to human health derived from the consumption of fish. The mean concentrations of the different metals analysed were very varied in both species. In fact, some concentrations exceeded the permissible limits for the protection of human health for Cd and Pb, and some values of As were above those referenced by other authors in same species in the Caspian Sea. None of the estimated daily intake values exceeded the tolerable intake based on the consumption under consideration. Nonetheless, the accumulative hazard values evidenced a potential risk to human health, Pb and Hg being those giving a higher target hazard quotient. The cancer risk from exposure to As from fish consumption in children was above the "acceptable" risk to life. Thus, in view of the accumulative nature of heavy metals, a moderate and non-abusive fish consumption in this area, particularly in children, would be recommendable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Bakhshalizadeh
- Department of Marine Science, Caspian Sea Basin Research Center, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
| | | | - Francesco Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Science, Polo Universitario Dell'Annunziata, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rafael Mora-Medina
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Nahúm Ayala-Soldado
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
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Pipoyan D, Beglaryan M, Davtyan L, Stepanyan S, Mantovani A. Risk assessment of dietary exposure to trace elements that are reproductive toxicants: Lead, molybdenum and nickel. The case study of Armenia. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 118:108382. [PMID: 37028565 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The research aimed to assess dietary exposure to developmental toxicants (Mo, Ni, Pb) among the Armenian adult female population of reproductive age (18-49 years). Commonly consumed foods with a daily intake of more than 1g in Armenia have been selected to assess the occurrence of Mo, Ni, and Pb. Food consumption data among the adult population in Armenia were collected in the frame of the national survey via 24-h recall method. Estimated daily intakes (EDI) and associated potential health risks for both mean and high (95 percentile) consumers were assessed based on the health-based guidance values (HBGVs). None of the EDI values for the developmental toxicants via individual food consumption exceeded the HBGVs, however, the EDI of Pb in the case of aggregate consumption of all food products exceeded HBGV of 0.5μg/kg b.w./day, indicating possible concerns for the neurodevelopmental effects. Noticeably, the intake of Pb through some individual food items (cheese curd, beef and veal, pelmeni and khinkali, black coffee, tap water) and the aggregate consumption of all the studied foods led to a Margin of Exposure lower than 10 compared to HBGV. This study is the first one carried out on dietary exposure to developmental toxicants among women of fertile age in a Caucasus country. The outcomes prompt the need to investigate sources of Pb pollution in foods consumed in Armenia (natural or human-derived environmental pollution, as well as food contact materials, etc.) and may pave the way for similar studies in the Caucasus region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davit Pipoyan
- Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies of NAS RA, Armenia
| | | | - Lusine Davtyan
- Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies of NAS RA, Armenia
| | - Seda Stepanyan
- Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies of NAS RA, Armenia
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Vaccaro E, Ciccotelli V, Oliveri P, Battistini R, Capelli C, Lottici S, Melchiorre N, Smirnova E, Ferro M, Costa E, Betti B, Vivaldi B, Masotti C, Serracca L, Iacona F, Orlandi M, Ercolini C. Shellfish sanitation monitoring in La Spezia gulf: Chemometric evaluation of data from 2015 to 2021. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17032. [PMID: 37383211 PMCID: PMC10293677 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Shellfish sanitary controls are very important to guarantee consumer health because bivalve molluscs (BVM) are filter-feeders so they can accumulate pathogens, environmental contaminants and biotoxins produced by some algae, causing infections and food poisoning in humans after ingestion. The purpose of this work was to analyse with chemometric methods the historical data relating to routine analyses carried out by the competent authority (Liguria Local Health Unit, National Health Service) on the BVM reared in a shellfish farm located in the Gulf of La Spezia (Italy). Chemometric analysis was aimed at identifying any correlations between the variables, as well as any seasonal trends and similarities between the stations, in order to be able to provide further material for a more accurate risk assessment and to improve the monitoring organization for example by reducing sampling stations and/or sampling frequency. The dataset used included 31 variables classified as biotoxicological, microbiological and chemical variables, measured twice a week, monthly or half yearly respectively, for a total of 6 years (from 2015 to 2021), on samples of Mytilus galloprovincialis coming from 7 monitoring stations. The results obtained by the application of principal component analysis have shown positive alga-biotoxin correlations, as well as seasonal trends linked to algae growth, with a greater algal biomass and their toxins during the spring months. In addition, periods characterised by low rainfall were found to affect algal development, promoting especially species such as Dinophysis spp. Considering the microbiological and biotoxicological variables, significant differences between the monitoring stations were not found. However, stations could be distinguished on the basis of the nature of the predominant chemical pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Vaccaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Ciccotelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Oliveri
- Dipartimento di Farmacia (DIFAR), Università degli Studi di, Genova, Italy
| | - Roberta Battistini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Erica Costa
- Liguria Local Health Unit-ASL5, Complex Unit of Hygiene of Food and Animal Origin, La Spezia, Italy
| | - Barbara Betti
- Liguria Local Health Unit-ASL5, Complex Unit of Hygiene of Food and Animal Origin, La Spezia, Italy
| | - Barbara Vivaldi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Masotti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Serracca
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Iacona
- Liguria Local Health Unit-ASL5, Complex Unit of Hygiene of Food and Animal Origin, La Spezia, Italy
| | - Mino Orlandi
- Liguria Local Health Unit-ASL5, Complex Unit of Hygiene of Food and Animal Origin, La Spezia, Italy
| | - Carlo Ercolini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
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Sumczynski D, Fišera M, Salek RN, Orsavová J. The Effect of Flake Production and In Vitro Digestion on Releasing Minerals and Trace Elements from Wheat Flakes: The Extended Study of Dietary Intakes for Individual Life Stage Groups. Nutrients 2023; 15:2509. [PMID: 37299472 PMCID: PMC10255177 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This thorough study analyses the amounts of 43 minerals and trace elements in non-traditional wheat grains, flakes, and undigested flake portions using ICP-MS and establishes declines in their respective contents after the flake production. It also identifies appropriate dietary intakes, in vitro digestibility values, retention factors, and metal pollution indexes. The element contents in wheat flakes are lower than in wheat grains after the hydrothermal treatment process, and their declines are: Na (48-72%), Ce (47-72%), Sr (43-55%), Tl (33-43%), Ti (32-41%), U (31-44%), Ho (29-69%), Cr (26-64%), Zr (26-58%), Ag (25-52%), and Ca (25-46%). The flakes significantly contributed to the recommended dietary intake or adequate intake of particular elements for men of all categories as follows: Mn (143%) > Mo > Cu > Mg ≥ Cr > Fe (16%); for women: Mn (up to 183%) > Mo > Cu > Cr ≥ Mg > Fe (7-16%); for pregnant women aged 19-30: Mn (165%) > Mo > Cu > Mg > Cr (25%); and finally, for lactating women: Mn (127%) > Mo > Cu > Mg > Cr (17%). The contributions to the provisional tolerable weekly or monthly intakes of all toxic elements were established as being within the official limits. The daily intakes for non-essential elements were also calculated. The retention factors were calculated to assess the element concentrations in the undigested part using the digestibility values (87.4-90.5%). The highest retention factors were obtained for V (63-92%), Y (57-96%), Ce (43-76%), Pb (34-58%), Tl (32-70%), Ta (31-66%), and Ge (30-49%). K, Mg, P, Zn, Ba, Bi, Ga, Sb, Cu, Ni, and As appear to be released easily from flake matrices during digestion. The metal pollution index has been confirmed as being lower for non-traditional wheat flakes when compared with grains. Importantly, 15-25% of the metal pollution index assessed for native flakes remains in the undigested flake portion after in vitro digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Sumczynski
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 5669, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Fišera
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 5669, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Richardos Nikolaos Salek
- Department of Food Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 5669, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Orsavová
- Language Centre, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Štefánikova 5670, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
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Martín-León V, Rubio C, Rodríguez-Hernández Á, Zumbado M, Acosta-Dacal A, Henríquez-Hernández LA, Boada LD, Travieso-Aja MDM, Luzardo OP. Evaluation of Essential, Toxic and Potentially Toxic Elements in Leafy Vegetables Grown in the Canary Islands. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11050442. [PMID: 37235256 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11050442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Forty-seven elements in leafy green vegetables were studied to estimate the daily intakes from this food category in different scenarios (average and high consumers) and age groups of the Canary Islands population. The contribution of the consumption of each type of vegetable to the reference intakes of essential, toxic and potentially toxic elements was assessed and the risk-benefit ratio was evaluated. The leafy vegetables that provide the highest levels of elements are spinach, arugula, watercress and chard. While spinach, chard, arugula, lettuce sprouts and watercress were the leafy vegetables with the highest concentrations of essential elements (38,743 ng/g of Fe in spinach, 3733 ng/g of Zn in watercress), the high levels of Mn in chard, spinach and watercress are noteworthy. Among the toxic elements, Cd is the element with the highest concentration, followed by As and Pb. The vegetable with the highest concentration of potentially toxic elements (Al, Ag, Be, Cr, Ni, Sr and V) is spinach. In average adult consumers, while the greatest contribution of essential elements comes from arugula, spinach and watercress, insignificant dietary intakes of potentially toxic metals are observed. Toxic metal intakes from the consumption of leafy vegetables in the Canary Islands do not show significant values, so the consumption of these foods does not pose a health risk. In conclusion, the consumption of leafy vegetables provides significant levels of some essential elements (Fe, Mn, Mo, Co and Se), but also of some potentially toxic elements (Al, Cr and Tl). A high consumer of leafy vegetables would see their daily nutritional needs regarding Fe, Mn, Mo, and Co covered, although they are also exposed to moderately worrying levels of Tl. To monitor the safety of dietary exposure to these metals, total diet studies on those elements with dietary exposures above the reference values derived from the consumption of this food category, mainly Tl, are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Martín-León
- Public Health Laboratory of Las Palmas, Canary Islands Government Health Service, 35004 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Carmen Rubio
- Toxicology Department, Universidad de La Laguna, S/C de Tenerife, 38071 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Ángel Rodríguez-Hernández
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Manuel Zumbado
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Acosta-Dacal
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Luis Alberto Henríquez-Hernández
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis D Boada
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Del Mar Travieso-Aja
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Octavio P Luzardo
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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56
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Younes M, Aquilina G, Castle L, Degen G, Engel K, Fowler PJ, Frutos Fernandez MJ, Fürst P, Gürtler R, Husøy T, Manco M, Mennes W, Moldeus P, Passamonti S, Shah R, Waalkens‐Berendsen I, Wright M, Wölfle D, Dusemund B, Mortensen A, Turck D, Barmaz S, Jaime AE, Mech A, Rincon AM, Tard A, Vianello G, Gundert‐Remy U. Re-evaluation of xanthan gum (E 415) as a food additive in foods for infants below 16 weeks of age and follow-up of its re-evaluation as a food additive for uses in foods for all population groups. EFSA J 2023; 21:e07951. [PMID: 37151988 PMCID: PMC10157499 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthan gum (E 415) was re-evaluated in 2017 by the former EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient sources added to Food. As a follow-up to that assessment, the Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF) was requested to assess the safety of xanthan gum (E 415) for its uses as a food additive in food for infants below 16 weeks of age belonging to food category (FC) 13.1.5.1 (Dietary foods for infants for special medical purposes and special formulae for infants). In addition, the FAF Panel was requested to address the issues already identified during the re-evaluation of the food additive when used in food for the general population. The process involved the publication of a call for data to allow the interested business operators to provide the requested information to complete the risk assessment. The Panel concluded that the technical data provided by the interested business operators support an amendment of the specifications for E 415 laid down in Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012. Due to the low validity of the available clinical studies, the Panel concluded that a reference point could not be derived from them but the results of the available studies on neonatal piglets could serve to derive a reference point. The Panel calculated the margin of exposure for infants below 16 weeks of age consuming food for special medical purposes (FC 13.1.5.1) for the highest xanthan gum exposure and concluded that there are no safety concerns for the use of xanthan gum (E 415) as a food additive in FC 13.1.5.1.
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El Youssfi M, Sifou A, Ben Aakame R, Mahnine N, Arsalane S, Halim M, Laghzizil A, Zinedine A. Trace elements in Foodstuffs from the Mediterranean Basin-Occurrence, Risk Assessment, Regulations, and Prevention strategies: A review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2597-2626. [PMID: 35754061 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03334-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Trace elements (TEs) are chemical compounds that naturally occur in the earth's crust and in living organisms at low concentrations. Anthropogenic activities can significantly increase the level of TEs in the environment and finally enter the food chain. Toxic TEs like cadmium, lead, arsenic, and mercury have no positive role in a biological system and can cause harmful effects on human health. Ingestion of contaminated food is a typical route of TEs intake by humans. Recent data about the occurrence of TEs in food available in the Mediterranean countries are considered in this review. Analytical methods are also discussed. Furthermore, a discussion of existing international agency regulations will be given. The risk associated with the dietary intake of TEs was estimated by considering consumer exposure and threshold values such as Benchmark dose lower confidence limit and provisional tolerable weekly intake established by the European Food Safety Authority and the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, respectively. Finally, several remediation approaches to minimize TE contamination in foodstuffs were discussed including chemical, biological, biotechnological, and nanotechnological methods. The results of this study proved the occurrence of TEs contamination at high levels in vegetables and fish from some Mediterranean countries. Lead and cadmium are more abundant in foodstuffs than other toxic trace elements. Geographical variations in TE contamination of food crops clearly appear, with a greater risk in developing countries. There is still a need for the regular monitoring of these toxic element levels in food items to ensure consumer protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad El Youssfi
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Materials, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, Avenue Ibn Battouta BP.1014 Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Environment, Center of Materials, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP.1014, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Aicha Sifou
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Environment, Center of Materials, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP.1014, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Rachid Ben Aakame
- Laboratory of Food Toxicology, National Institute of Hygiene (INH), BP 769 Agdal, 27, Avenue Ibn Batouta, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Naima Mahnine
- Laboratory of Food Toxicology, National Institute of Hygiene (INH), BP 769 Agdal, 27, Avenue Ibn Batouta, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Said Arsalane
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Environment, Center of Materials, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP.1014, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Halim
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Environment, Center of Materials, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP.1014, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Laghzizil
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Materials, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, Avenue Ibn Battouta BP.1014 Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdellah Zinedine
- BIOMARE Laboratory, Chouaib Doukkali University, Faculty of Sciences, Route Ben Maachou, PO Box 20, 24000, El Jadida, Morocco.
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Izquierdo-Díaz M, Hansen V, Barrio-Parra F, De Miguel E, You Y, Magid J. Assessment of lettuces grown in urban areas for human consumption and as bioindicators of atmospheric pollution. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 256:114883. [PMID: 37043946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes using the network of urban gardens to grow vegetables and to monitor air quality, and it also evaluates whether food grown on a clean substrate in an urban environment is safe for consumption. For this purpose, lettuces were exposed to different degrees of air pollution in five locations in the city of Copenhagen, plus a reference site. Six specimens were placed at each site and, after the exposure period, half of each sample was washed. Subsamples were then digested by a total extraction method and a bioaccessible extraction method, and the concentration of 23 elements subsequently measured by ICP-MS. The results showed that exposed samples in areas of higher atmospheric pollution accumulated a larger amount of trace elements associated with typical urban sources. They also highlighted the importance of washing food to remove particles that adhere to their surface. However, bioaccessibility testing demonstrated the importance of including bioaccessibility in risk analyses and how this factor varies depending on the type of matrix. In this case, bioaccessibility was higher for plant tissue than for particulate matter. Lastly, metal concentrations in lettuce were compared with legal values and an analysis of daily intake showed that the levels in Copenhagen were within limits for the protection of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Izquierdo-Díaz
- Prospecting & Environment Laboratory (PROMEDIAM), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Alenza 4, 28003 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Veronika Hansen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Fernando Barrio-Parra
- Prospecting & Environment Laboratory (PROMEDIAM), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Alenza 4, 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo De Miguel
- Prospecting & Environment Laboratory (PROMEDIAM), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Alenza 4, 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yawen You
- Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jakob Magid
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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59
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Kollander B, Rodushkin I, Sundström B. Multi-Element Assessment of Potentially Toxic and Essential Elements in New and Traditional Food Varieties in Sweden. Foods 2023; 12:1831. [PMID: 37174369 PMCID: PMC10178162 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
With the global movement toward the consumption of a more sustainable diet that includes a higher proportion of plant-based foods, it is important to determine how such a change could alter the intake of cadmium and other elements, both essential and toxic. In this study, we report on the levels of a wide range of elements in foodstuffs that are both traditional and "new" to the Swedish market. The data were obtained using analytical methods providing very low detection limits and include market basket data for different food groups to provide the general levels in foods consumed in Sweden and to facilitate comparisons among traditional and "new" food items. This dataset could be used to estimate changes in nutritional intake as well as exposure associated with a change in diet. The concentrations of known toxic and essential elements are provided for all the food matrices studied. Moreover, the concentrations of less routinely analyzed elements are available in some matrices. Depending on the food variety, the dataset includes the concentrations of inorganic arsenic and up to 74 elements (Ag, Al, As, Au, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Ga, Ge, Hf, Hg, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Si, Sn, Sr, Ta, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, U, W, V, Y, Zn, Zr, rare Earth elements (REEs) (Ce, Dy, Er, Eu, Gd, Ho, La, Lu, Nd, Pr, Sm, Tb, Tm, and Yb), platinum group elements (PGEs) (Ir, Os, Pd, Pr, Pt, Re, Rh, Ru, and Pr), and halogens (Br, Cl, and I)). The main focus (and thus the most detailed information on variation within a given food group) is on foods that are currently the largest contributors to dietary cadmium exposure in Sweden, such as pasta, rice, potato products, and different sorts of bread. Additionally, elemental concentrations in selected food varieties regarded as relatively new or "novel" to the Swedish market are provided, including teff flour, chia seeds, algae products, and gluten-free products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilia Rodushkin
- Division of Geosciences, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden;
- ALS Scandinavia AB, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
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60
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Yildiz H, Bayrakli B, Altuntas M, Celik I. Metal concentrations, selenium-mercury balance, and potential health risk assessment for consumer of whiting (Merlangius merlangus euxinus L., 1758) from different regions of the southern Black Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:65059-65073. [PMID: 37074608 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26511-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The significant increase in the human population and the associated industrial wastes have a widespread impact on coastal areas. It is important to monitor trace elements that affect food safety and pose a potential consumer health threat. All over the Black Sea coast, people enjoy consuming whiting as both meat and roe. In February 2021, whitings were caught by bottom trawling from four different locations on the coasts of Kastamonu, Sinop (Sarıkum, Adabaşı), and Samsun in the southern Black Sea region. The meat and roe extracts obtained from whiting samples were analyzed through an optical emission spectrophotometer (ICP-MS). Trace element concentrations of whiting meat and roe in this study were Zn > Fe > Sr > As > Al > Se > B > Mn > Cu > Hg > Li > Ni > Ba > Pb > Cr > Cd and Zn > Fe > Al > As > Cu > Sr > Mn > Se > B > Ba > Li > Ni > Hg > Cr > Pb > Cd, respectively. These amounts were lower than the acceptable values accepted by the EU Commission. In case of whiting and roe consumption of a maximum of three portions (860.33 g) for Adabaşı, six portions for Kastamonu (1432.37 g), three portions for Samsun (828.55 g), and five portions (1253.04 g) for Sarıkum per month do not pose a health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harun Yildiz
- Vocational School, Yaolva University, Yalova, Turkey
| | - Barış Bayrakli
- Vocational School, Sinop University, 57000, Sinop, Turkey.
| | - Mutlu Altuntas
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Sinop University, 57000, Sinop, Turkey
| | - Ihsan Celik
- Aquaculture of Department, Faculty of Fisheries, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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Socaciu MI, Anamaria Semeniuc C, Andruţa Mureşan E, Pușcaș A, Tanislav A, Ranga F, Dulf F, Páll E, Maria Truță A, Paşca C, Severus Dezmirean D, Mureşan V. Characterization of some Fagaceae kernels nutritional composition for potential use as novel food ingredients. Food Chem 2023; 406:135053. [PMID: 36527986 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study attempts to characterise Fagaceae kernels as a promising source of nutritional compounds for potential use as novel food ingredients. Thus, the proximate and mineral composition of some kernels (beech achene-BA, sessile oak acorn-SOA, turkey oak acorn-TOA, and red oak acorn-ROA), total phenolic content, individual polyphenols, and cytotoxicity of their aqueous extracts, respectively, the fatty acid composition of kernel oils were investigated using physicochemical and analytical techniques. Results revealed that BAK is rich in lipid and protein, OAKs in carbohydrates. All tested kernels contain high oleic-linoleic acid oils. BAK is abundant in phenolic acids, OAKs in hydrolysable tannins. Only BA and SOA kernels exert cytotoxicity against human fibroblasts. In all kernels, macroelements are dominated by K and microelements by Cu, Mn, and Fe. In conclusion, BA and OA kernels could be alternatively used as protein-rich, respectively, starch-rich ingredients in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Ioana Socaciu
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăştur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Centre for Technology Transfer-BioTech, 64 Calea Florești, 400509 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Cristina Anamaria Semeniuc
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăştur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Centre for Technology Transfer-BioTech, 64 Calea Florești, 400509 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Elena Andruţa Mureşan
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăştur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Centre for Technology Transfer-BioTech, 64 Calea Florești, 400509 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Andreea Pușcaș
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăştur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Centre for Technology Transfer-BioTech, 64 Calea Florești, 400509 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Anda Tanislav
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăştur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Centre for Technology Transfer-BioTech, 64 Calea Florești, 400509 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Floricuța Ranga
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăştur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Centre for Technology Transfer-BioTech, 64 Calea Florești, 400509 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Francisc Dulf
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăştur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Emöke Páll
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăştur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Alina Maria Truță
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăştur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Claudia Paşca
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăştur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Daniel Severus Dezmirean
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăştur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Vlad Mureşan
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăştur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Centre for Technology Transfer-BioTech, 64 Calea Florești, 400509 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Al-Saleh I, Al-Rouqi R, Alnuwaysir H, Aldhalaan H, Alismail E, Binmanee A, Hawari A, Alhazzani F, Bin Jabr M. Exposure of preterm neonates to toxic metals during their stay in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and its impact on neurodevelopment at 2 months of age. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 78:127173. [PMID: 37060676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature neonates might be exposed to toxic metals during their stay in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), which could adversely affect neurodevelopment; however, limited evidence is available. The present study was therefore designed to assess the exposure to mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, and manganese of preterm neonates who received total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and/or red blood cell (RBC) transfusions during their NICU stay and the risk of neurodevelopment delay at the age of 2 months. METHODS We recruited 33 preterm neonates who required TPN during their NICU admission. Blood samples were collected for metal analysis at two different time points (admission and before discharge). Metals in the daily TPN received by preterm neonates were analyzed. Neurodevelopment was assessed using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire Edition 3 (ASQ-3). RESULTS All samples of TPN had metal contamination: 96% exceeded the critical arsenic limit (0.3 μg/kg body weight/day); daily manganese intake from TPN for preterm neonates exceeded the recommended dose (1 µg/kg body weight) as it was added intentionally to TPN solutions, raising potential safety concerns. All samples of RBC transfusions exceeded the estimated intravenous reference dose for lead (0.19 µg/kg body weight). Levels of mercury, lead and manganese in preterm neonates at discharge decreased 0.867 µg/L (95% CI, 0.76, 0.988), 0.831 (95%CI, 0.779, 0.886) and 0.847 µg/L (95% CI, 0.775, 0.926), respectively. A decrease in ASQ-3-problem solving scores was associated with higher levels of blood lead in preterm neonates taken at admission (ß = -0.405, 95%CI = -0.655, -0.014), and with plasma manganese (ß = -0.562, 95%CI = -0.995, -0.172). We also observed an association between decreased personal social domain scores with higher blood lead levels of preterm neonates before discharge (ß = -0.537, 95%CI = -0.905, -0.045). CONCLUSION Our findings provide evidence to suggest negative impacts on the neurodevelopment at 2 months of preterm infants exposed to certain metals, possibly related to TPN intake and/or blood transfusions received during their NICU stay. Preterm neonates may be exposed to levels of metals in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Al-Saleh
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box: 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Reem Al-Rouqi
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box: 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hissah Alnuwaysir
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box: 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham Aldhalaan
- Center for Autism Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box: 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eiman Alismail
- Center for Autism Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box: 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Binmanee
- Neonatal Critical Care Section, Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box: 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Hawari
- Neonatal Critical Care Section, Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box: 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alhazzani
- Neonatal Critical Care Section, Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box: 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Bin Jabr
- Neonatal Critical Care Section, Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box: 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
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Younes M, Aquilina G, Castle L, Degen G, Engel K, Fowler PJ, Frutos Fernandez MJ, Fürst P, Gürtler R, Husøy T, Manco M, Mennes W, Moldeus P, Passamonti S, Shah R, Waalkens‐Berendsen I, Wright M, Cheyns K, Dusemund B, Mirat M, Mortensen A, Turck D, Wölfle D, Barmaz S, Mech A, Rincon AM, Tard A, Vianello G, Zakidou P, Gundert‐Remy U. Re-evaluation of sucrose esters of fatty acids (E 473) as a food additive in foods for infants below 16 weeks of age and follow-up of its previous evaluations as food additive for uses in foods for all population groups. EFSA J 2023; 21:e07961. [PMID: 37089185 PMCID: PMC10119783 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sucrose esters of fatty acids (E 473) was re-evaluated in 2004 by the former EFSA Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC Panel). In addition, the former EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS Panel) issued scientific opinions on the safety of sucrose esters of fatty acids (E 473) in 2010, 2012 and 2018. As a follow-up to these assessments, the Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF) was requested to assess the safety of sucrose esters of fatty acids (E 473) for its uses as food additive in food for infants below 16 weeks of age. In addition, the FAF Panel was requested to address the issues already identified by the EFSA AFC and ANS Panels when used in food for the general population. The process involved the publication of calls for data to allow the interested business operators to provide the requested information to complete the risk assessment. The Panel concluded that the technical data provided by the interested business operators support an amendment of the specifications for sucrose esters of fatty acids (E 473) laid down in Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012. According to the available information, E 473 is not used in food categories (FCs) 13.1.1 and 13.1.5.1, including all types of food for infants below 16 weeks of age, and in FC 13.1.5.2. As a consequence, an assessment of the safety for the uses of E 473 as food additive in these FCs and age group was not performed. When the updated exposure estimates considering the provided use levels for some food categories are taken into account the estimates of exposure to sucrose esters of fatty acids (E 473) exceeded the group acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 40 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day for many population groups.
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64
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Azevedo R, Oliveira AR, Almeida A, Gomes LR. Determination by ICP-MS of Essential and Toxic Trace Elements in Gums and Carrageenans Used as Food Additives Commercially Available in the Portuguese Market. Foods 2023; 12:1408. [PMID: 37048229 PMCID: PMC10093682 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gums and carrageenans are food additives widely used in food preparations to improve texture and as viscosifiers. Although they are typically added in small amounts, nowadays people tend to use more and more pre-prepared food. In this work, the content of a wide panel of trace elements in commercial products were analyzed. Carrageenans and gums (n = 13) were purchased in the Portuguese market and were from European suppliers. Samples were solubilized by closed-vessel microwave-assisted acid digestion and analyzed by ICP-MS. Globally, the content of essential trace elements decreased in the following order: Fe (on average, on the order of several tens of µg/g) > Mn > Zn > Cr > Cu > Co > Se > Mo (typically < 0.1 µg/g), while the content of non-essential/toxic trace elements decreased in the following order: Al > Sr > Rb > As > Li > Cd > Pb > Hg. The consumption of these food additives can significantly contribute to the daily requirements of some essential trace elements, namely Cr and Mo. The toxic trace elements Cd, As, Pb, and Hg were below the EU regulatory limits in all analyzed samples. Additional research is needed to define the potential risk of introducing toxic trace elements into food products through the use of these additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Azevedo
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Agostinho Almeida
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lígia Rebelo Gomes
- FP-I3ID, University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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65
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Trigo JP, Stedt K, Schmidt AEM, Kollander B, Edlund U, Nylund G, Pavia H, Abdollahi M, Undeland I. Mild blanching prior to pH-shift processing of Saccharina latissima retains protein extraction yields and amino acid levels of extracts while minimizing iodine content. Food Chem 2023; 404:134576. [PMID: 36265271 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The seaweed Saccharina latissima is often blanched to lower iodine levels, however, it is not known how blanching affects protein extraction. We assessed the effect of blanching or soaking (80/45/12 °C, 2 min) on protein yield and protein extract characteristics after pH-shift processing of S. latissima. Average protein yields and extract amino acid levels ranked treatments as follows: blanching-45 °C ∼ control > soaking ∼ blanching-80 °C. Although blanching-45 °C decreased protein solubilization yield at pH 12, it increased isoelectric protein precipitation yield at pH 2 (p < 0.05). The former could be explained by a higher ratio of large peptides/proteins in the blanched biomass as shown by HP-SEC, whereas the latter by blanching-induced lowering of ionic strength, as verified by a dialysis model. Moreover, blanching-45 °C yielded a protein extract with 49 % less iodine compared with the control extract. We recommend blanching-45 °C since it is effective at removing iodine and does not compromise total protein extraction yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P Trigo
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering - Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Kristoffer Stedt
- Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Alina E M Schmidt
- Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbro Kollander
- Livsmedelsverket - Swedish Food Agency, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 56 A, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulrica Edlund
- Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Nylund
- Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Henrik Pavia
- Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Mehdi Abdollahi
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering - Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Undeland
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering - Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Nobile M, Mosconi G, Chiesa LM, Panseri S, Danesi L, Falletta E, Arioli F. Incidence of Potentially Toxic Elements and Perfluoroalkyl Substances Present in Canned Anchovies and Their Impact on Food Safety. Foods 2023; 12:1060. [PMID: 36900577 PMCID: PMC10000572 DOI: 10.3390/foods12051060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish plays a key role in a healthy and balanced Italian diet, but it is also subject to the bioaccumulation of different contaminants depending on the geographical or anthropogenic context from which it is derived. In recent years, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has been focusing its attention on consumer toxicological risk, considering emerging contaminants such as perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Regarding fish, anchovies are among the five small pelagic main commercial species in the European Union and the top five fresh species consumed by households in Italy. Considering the lack of data on PFASs and PTEs in this species, our aim was to investigate the mentioned contaminants in salted and canned anchovies collected over 10 months from different fishing areas, even those far apart, to verify possible variations in bioaccumulation and to consider the risk for the consumer. According to our results, the assessed risk was very reassuring also for large consumers. The only concern, related to Ni acute toxicity, also dependent on the different consumers' sensitivity, was related to only one sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nobile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Universita’ 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Giacomo Mosconi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Universita’ 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Luca Maria Chiesa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Universita’ 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Sara Panseri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Universita’ 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Luigi Danesi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Universita’ 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Ermelinda Falletta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Arioli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Universita’ 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
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Szternfeld P, Montalvo D, Broos J, Cheyns K, Joly L, Vanhee C. Pesticides, trace elements and pharmaceuticals in tea samples available in Belgian retail shops and the risk associated upon acute and chronic exposure. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS. PART B, SURVEILLANCE 2023; 16:58-68. [PMID: 36537161 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2022.2145617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the consumption of tea and herbal tea has gained more and more popularity across the globe, but the potential presence of chemical contaminants (e.g. pesticides, trace elements, synthetic drugs) may raise health concerns. This study analysed selected teas available in Belgian retail stores and performed a risk assessment for these samples. No chemical adulteration could be detected in dry tea material. More than 38% of the dry leaves samples contained at least one pesticide exceeding the maximal residue level (MRL) set by the EU. However, further risk assessment, based on the values of pesticide residues and the toxic trace elements encountered in the brew, demonstrate that the consumption of these teas will not give rise to health concerns. Nonetheless, attention should be given to the leaching potential of nickel from teas and the presence of arsenic in brews from algae containing teas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Szternfeld
- Department of Chemical & Physical Health Risks, Chemical & Physical Health Risks department, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Daniela Montalvo
- Department of Chemical and physical health risks, Laboratory of trace elements and nanomaterials, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Julie Broos
- Department of Chemical & Physical Health Risks, Chemical & Physical Health Risks department, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Karlien Cheyns
- Department of Chemical and physical health risks, Laboratory of trace elements and nanomaterials, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Laure Joly
- Department of Chemical & Physical Health Risks, Chemical & Physical Health Risks department, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Celine Vanhee
- Department of Chemical and physical health risks, Laboratory of medicines and health products, Brussels, Belgium
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Rebellato AP, Fioravanti MIA, Milani RF, Morgano MA. Inorganic Contaminants in Plant-Based Yogurts Commercialized in Brazil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3707. [PMID: 36834399 PMCID: PMC9965184 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the content of 11 inorganic elements (Al, Cr, Co, Ni, As, Mo, Cd, Sb, Ba, Hg, and Pb) in commercial plant-based and animal-based yogurts for comparison purposes. The samples were mineralized using a simple and fast ultrasound-assisted acid digestion method at 80 °C for 35 min, and the determination of inorganic elements was performed by ICP-MS. The method was validated according to the INMETRO guide, obtaining recoveries from 80 to 110%, precision from 6 to 15%, and a limit of quantification (LOQ) ranging from 200 µg/kg (Al) to 4 µg/kg (other elements). The element concentrations in the plant-based yogurts were Al(
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Lazović M, Tomović V, Vasiljević I, Kecojević I, Tomović M, Martinović A, Žugić Petrović T, Danilović B, Vujadinović D, Tomašević I, Smiljanić M, Đorđević V. Cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic in fresh vegetables and vegetable products intended for human consumption in the Republic of Serbia, 2015-2017. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS. PART B, SURVEILLANCE 2023; 16:102-119. [PMID: 36750408 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2023.2169359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) were determined in 455 samples of 27 species of vegetables and 28 different processed vegetables collected during the period from January 2015 to December 2017. Vegetables (n = 387) and vegetable products (n = 68) originated from 31 countries, including Serbia. The samples were analysed by inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The concentrations of Cd, Pb, Hg and As in the vegetables and vegetable products were compared to the maximum levels set by the European Union and the Serbian legislation. The concentration of mercury was less than the limit of detection in each analysed sample. One or multiple measurable toxic metals (Cd, Pb and/or As) were found in 250 samples (54.9%; n = 455). According to the Regulations which were valid until the end of August 2021, the maximum levels of Cd, Pb and As were exceeded in 19 samples (4.2% of the samples of vegetable and vegetable products; n = 455), i.e. in 13 samples of vegetables: Cd in three, Pb in nine and As in one sample and in 6 samples of vegetables products: Cd in three, Pb in one and As in two samples. Regarding the new EU and Serbian legislation which is valid since September 2021 the maximum levels of Cd and Pb for vegetables and vegetable products were exceeded in 118 samples (25.9% of the samples of vegetable and vegetable products; n = 455), i.e. in 95 samples of vegetables: Cd in 67 and Pb in 28 samples and in 23 samples of vegetable products: Cd in 20 and Pb in 3 samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milana Lazović
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia.,A BIO TECH LAB d.o.o., Sremska Kamenica, Republic of Serbia
| | - Vladimir Tomović
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
| | | | | | - Mila Tomović
- Technical School "Pavle Savić", Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Martinović
- Faculty for Food Technology, Food Safety and Ecology, University of Donja Gorica, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Tanja Žugić Petrović
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Bojana Danilović
- Faculty of Technology, University of Niš, Leskovac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Dragan Vujadinović
- Faculty of Technology Zvornik, University of East Sarajevo, Zvornik, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Igor Tomašević
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Milenko Smiljanić
- Faculty of Technology Zvornik, University of East Sarajevo, Zvornik, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Vesna Đorđević
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
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Jurowski K, Krośniak M. The Toxicological Risk Assessment of Dermal Exposure of Patients Exposed to Lead and Cadmium Due to Application of Ointments with Marjoram Herb Extract ( Majoranae herbae extractum). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2701. [PMID: 36768068 PMCID: PMC9916081 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Potential heavy metal impurities (HMI) in pharmaceuticals/pharmaceutical products/drugs based on plant raw materials (e.g., herbs) are an important problem in the pharmaceutical industry; however, there is a lack of scientific articles on the comprehensive toxicological risk assessment of HMI in ointment applied dermally. To make the appropriate toxicological risk assessment, we consider: (1) the raw results of the levels of lead and cadmium in the ointments (metal per kg of mass), (2) one-time administration of the applied ointment, (3) daily exposure of Pb and Cd in the applied ointments according to the maximum daily dose of applied pharmaceuticals, including transcutaneous penetration, (4) human health risk assessment based on the USEPA model, and 5) the margin of exposure (MoE). The raw results indicated that lead (7.05-101.78 µg/kg) and cadmium (0.32-0.81 µg/kg) were present in all samples. The levels of analyzed HMI (independently of the producer and declared composition) were similar. Pb and Cd contamination associated with daily doses met the standards of the ICH Q3D (R2) guide on elemental impurities in pharmaceuticals, including the cutaneous route of administration. Taking into account the daily amount of lead and cadmium (ointment, ug/day) the results were satisfactory, confirming the safety of marjoram herb extract ointments available in Polish pharmacies according to the ICH guideline Q3D (R2) on elemental impurities. The HQ values obtained for Pb and Cd in all samples were less than 1; therefore, exposure to these HMI would not cause a health risk based on the USEPA model strategy. Furthermore, the obtained values of MoE for Pb and Cd in ointments were above 100, so exposure to these elements would not cause a health risk based on the MoE-based strategy. The original contribution of this work is that this is the first study on the triple approach strategy to evaluate the safety of heavy metal impurities in traditional herbal medicinal products applied dermally in solid form (ointments with marjoram herb extract). The research is novel and has not been previously published; The proposed procedure includes transcutaneous penetration of heavy metal (Pb and Cd) impurities described for the first time in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Jurowski
- Laboratory of Innovative Toxicological Research and Analyses, Institute of Medical Studies, Medical College, Rzeszów University, Al. mjr. W. Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
- Department of Regulatory and Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Medical Expertises, Łódź, ul. Aleksandrowska 67/93, 91-205 Łódź, Poland
| | - Mirosław Krośniak
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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Malin Igra A, Rahman A, Johansson AL, Pervin J, Svefors P, Arifeen SE, Vahter M, Persson LÅ, Kippler M. Early Life Environmental Exposure to Cadmium, Lead, and Arsenic and Age at Menarche: A Longitudinal Mother-Child Cohort Study in Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:27003. [PMID: 36729392 PMCID: PMC9894154 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several metals act as endocrine disruptors, but there are few large longitudinal studies about associations with puberty onset. OBJECTIVES We evaluated whether early life cadmium, lead, and arsenic exposure was associated with timing of menarche. METHODS In a mother-child cohort in rural Bangladesh (n=935), the exposure was assessed by concentrations in maternal erythrocytes in early pregnancy and in girls' urine at 5 and 10 years of age using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The girls were interviewed twice, at average ages 13.3 [standard deviation (SD)=0.43] and 13.8 (SD=0.43) y, and the date of menarche, if present, was recorded. Associations were assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariable-adjusted Cox regression. RESULTS In total, 77% of the girls (n=717) had reached menarche by the second follow-up. The median age of menarche among all girls was 13.0 y (25th-75th percentiles: 12.4-13.7 y). At 10 years of age, median urinary cadmium was 0.25μg/L (5th-95th percentiles: 0.087-0.72μg/L), lead 1.6μg/L (0.70-4.2μg/L), and arsenic 54μg/L (19-395μg/L). Given the same age, girls in the highest quartile of urinary cadmium at 5 and 10 years of age had a lower rate of menarche than girls in the lowest quartile, with an adjusted hazard ratio of (HR) 0.80 (95% CI: 0.62, 1.01) at 5 years of age, and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.60, 0.98) at 10 years of age. This implies that girls in the highest cadmium exposure quartile during childhood had a higher age at menarche. Comparing girls in the highest to the lowest quartile of urinary lead at 10 years of age, the former had a higher rate of menarche [adjusted HR = 1.23 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.56)], implying lower age at menarche, whereas there was no association with urinary lead at 5 years of age. Girls born to mothers in the highest quartile of erythrocyte arsenic during pregnancy were less likely to have attained menarche than girls born to mothers in the lowest quartile [adjusted HR= 0.79 (95% CI: 0.62, 0.99)]. No association was found with girls' urinary arsenic exposure. DISCUSSION Long-term childhood cadmium exposure was associated with later menarche, whereas the associations with child lead exposure were inconclusive. Maternal exposure to arsenic, but not cadmium or lead, was associated with later menarche. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11121.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anisur Rahman
- Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Anna L.V. Johansson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesmin Pervin
- Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Pernilla Svefors
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shams El Arifeen
- Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Marie Vahter
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars-Åke Persson
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Maria Kippler
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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72
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Pipoyan D, Stepanyan S, Beglaryan M, Stepanyan S, Mendelsohn R, Deziel NC. Health risks of heavy metals in food and their economic burden in Armenia. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 172:107794. [PMID: 36758298 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mining leads to excessive heavy metal contamination of agricultural products in Armenia and can adversely impact human health. We quantify the concentrations of toxic heavy metals (lead, nickel, cadmium, and mercury) in food sampled from local markets of the capital city, Yerevan. We combine these measured concentrations with data from a diet survey of 1,195 people. The results provide an estimate of people's heavy metal intake in a typical day. The study finds that only dietary exposure to lead raises consumer safety concerns. More than 50 % of the population have daily intakes of lead that exceed the benchmark dose level (BMDL10) of 0.63 μg/kg b.w./day established by European Food Safety Authority. Moreover, risk assessment results indicate that approximately 96 % of the population has dietary exposure values for lead that exceed the threshold level, with animal products as the primary source. The lead exposure observed in sampled population has the potential to increase blood pressure on average by 0.54 mmHg, lower IQ levels by 1.2 point, and reduce lifetime earnings by $5000. The study reveals a strong need to determine the specific pathways by which lead enters the food supply, to mitigate the excess exposures, and to reduce the potential or severity of the resulting adverse health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davit Pipoyan
- Center for Ecological Noosphere Studies of NAS RA, Abovyan 68 St, Yerevan 0025, Armenia.
| | - Stella Stepanyan
- Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, 195 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Meline Beglaryan
- Center for Ecological Noosphere Studies of NAS RA, Abovyan 68 St, Yerevan 0025, Armenia.
| | - Seda Stepanyan
- Center for Ecological Noosphere Studies of NAS RA, Abovyan 68 St, Yerevan 0025, Armenia.
| | - Robert Mendelsohn
- Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, 195 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Nicole C Deziel
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, 60 College St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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73
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Haj Heidary R, Golzan SA, Mirza Alizadeh A, Hamedi H, Ataee M. Probabilistic health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in the traditional and industrial olive products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:10213-10225. [PMID: 36068456 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22864-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Iran is recognized as one of the top olive producers globally, and it forms an integral part of the countries agriculture, particularly in Zanjan province. This study measured Hg, As, Pb, Cd, and Zn concentrations and evaluated probabilistic health risk in olive products. Results showed that Zn had the highest concentration (traditional and industrial table olive, Parvardeh, and olive oil: 4.912 ± 3.957 and 9.181 ± 6.385; 16.139 ± 6.986 and 18.330 ± 8.700; 41.385 ± 7.480 and 46.043 ± 15.773 μg g-1, respectively) compared to other potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Additionally, Cd in table olive (traditional: 0.137 ± 199 and industrial: 0.059 ± 0.041 μg g-1) and Parvardeh (traditional: 0.014 ± 0.009 and industrial: 0.019 ± 0.006 μg g-1), and As in olive oil (traditional: 0.025 ± 0.006 and industrial: 0.026 ± 0.009 μg g-1) had the lowest concentrations, respectively. As and Hg in table olive (0.224 ± 0.214 and 1.158 ± 0.974 μg g-1) and Hg in Parvardeh (0.210 ± 0.213 μg g-1) samples were significantly higher in traditional than industrial products (p < 0.05). Cd in Parvardeh (0.019 ± 0.006 μg g-1) and Zn in table olive (9.181 ± 6.385 μg g-1) samples were substantially more in industrial than traditional products (p < 0.05). Results suggest that industrially processed olive products are more likely to introduce higher levels of PTEs into the body. Nevertheless, based on the health risk assessment criteria, industrial products' hazard index (HI) values were lower than traditional types due to high Hg concentrations (HI = 0.01227 and 0.2708, respectively). Adults' total carcinogenic risk (TCR) in traditional olive products was higher than in industrial (sum TCR = 0.00016 and 0.00007, respectively). In conclusion, the results indicated that the consumption of olive products in the study area offered an increased non-carcinogenic and cancer risk to the population of this region owing to PTEs exposure, especially Hg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasool Haj Heidary
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Technologies, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Food and Drug Deputy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - S Amirhossein Golzan
- Faculty of Applied Science, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Adel Mirza Alizadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Hassan Hamedi
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Technologies, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ataee
- Department of Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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74
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Lopez-Santamarina A, Sinisterra-Loaiza L, Mondragón-Portocarrero A, Ortiz-Viedma J, Cardelle-Cobas A, Abuín CMF, Cepeda A. Potential prebiotic effect of two Atlantic whole brown seaweeds, Saccharina japonica and Undaria pinnatifida, using in vitro simulation of distal colonic fermentation. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1170392. [PMID: 37125043 PMCID: PMC10140305 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1170392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Two brown seaweeds (Saccharina japonica and Undaria pinnatifida) were characterized in terms of their nutritional and mineral composition, as well as their potential to modify the human gut microbiota. Nutritional analysis of these seaweeds showed that they comply with the criteria set out in European legislation to be labeled "low fat," "low sugar," and "high fiber." Mineral content analysis showed that 100 g of seaweed provided more than 100% of the daily Ca requirements, as well as 33-42% of Fe, 10-17% of Cu, and 14-17% of Zn requirements. An in vitro human digest simulator system was used to analyze the effect of each seaweed on the human colonic microbiota. The gut microbiota was characterized by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and short-chain fatty-acid analysis. Seaweed digestion and fermentation showed beneficial effects, such as a decrease in the phylum Firmicutes and an increase in the phyla Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. At the species level, seaweed fermentation increased the proportion of beneficial bacteria such as Parabacteroides distasonis and Bifidobacterium. Regarding of metabolic pathways, no significant differences were found between the two seaweeds, but there were significant differences concerning to the baseline. An increase in short-chain fatty-acid content was observed for both seaweeds with respect to the negative control, especially for acetic acid. Given of the obtained results, S. japonica and U. pinnatifida intake are promising and could open new opportunities for research and application in the fields of nutrition and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aroa Lopez-Santamarina
- Laboratorio de Higiene, Inspección y Control de Alimentos (LHICA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
- *Correspondence: Aroa Lopez-Santamarina,
| | - Laura Sinisterra-Loaiza
- Laboratorio de Higiene, Inspección y Control de Alimentos (LHICA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Alicia Mondragón-Portocarrero
- Laboratorio de Higiene, Inspección y Control de Alimentos (LHICA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Jaime Ortiz-Viedma
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos y Tecnología Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Cardelle-Cobas
- Laboratorio de Higiene, Inspección y Control de Alimentos (LHICA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Carlos Manuel Franco Abuín
- Laboratorio de Higiene, Inspección y Control de Alimentos (LHICA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Alberto Cepeda
- Laboratorio de Higiene, Inspección y Control de Alimentos (LHICA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
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75
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Hashempour-Baltork F, Jannat B, Tajdar-Oranj B, Aminzare M, Sahebi H, Mirza Alizadeh A, Hosseini H. A comprehensive systematic review and health risk assessment of potentially toxic element intakes via fish consumption in Iran. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114349. [PMID: 36508819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Risk assessment of heavy metals is critical in controlling and preventing risks of foodborne diseases. Fish can be used as bioindicators for exposure to potential toxic elements (PTEs), which can represent potential risks for humans. The long Iranian coastline and three major fishery regions in the country, including the northern (Caspian Sea) and southern (Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman) seas as well as inland waters and aquacultures (rivers, dams, wetlands and fish farms) have made Iran a large producer of fish. In the first step of the present study, data collection and report of PTEs in fish from the three fishery regions (2010-2022) were carried out. In the second step, health risks were assessed using Monte Carlo simulation in child and adult consumers. The average concentrations of Cd, Hg and Pb for the northern sea, southern sea, and inland waters and aquacultures were 0.273, 0.249, 1.077; 0.430, 0.423, 1.182; and 1.387, 0.232, 1.703 μg/g per dry weight, respectively. Based on the target hazard quotient results, Hg intake of Iranian children from all the three fishery regions was more than 1, which was alarming. In the adult age group, southern sea fish consumers were at risk of Hg adverse health effects. Moreover, Cd included the highest carcinogenic risk of toxic elements in fish from the three fishery regions of Iran. Estimation of THQ, HI, ILCR and EDI revealed that consumption of fish might induce health complexities for the consumers in Iran. Moreover, Iranians from northern and southern regions of the country consumed further seafood due to the availability of high seafood sources in these regions. Hence, various indices must be used for the risk assessment of general human health. Due to the high risks of carcinogenicity/non-carcinogenicity estimated in the risk assessment, consumption of fish by infants and pregnant women must critically be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fataneh Hashempour-Baltork
- Halal Research Center of IRI, Iran Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Behrooz Jannat
- Halal Research Center of IRI, Iran Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Behrouz Tajdar-Oranj
- Food and Drug Administration, Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Aminzare
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Hamed Sahebi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, Iran Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Adel Mirza Alizadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Hedayat Hosseini
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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76
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Elvevoll EO, James D, Toppe J, Gamarro EG, Jensen IJ. Food Safety Risks Posed by Heavy Metals and Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) related to Consumption of Sea Cucumbers. Foods 2022; 11:3992. [PMID: 36553734 PMCID: PMC9778379 DOI: 10.3390/foods11243992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The global production of sea cucumbers was 245 thousand tons in 2020. Sea cucumbers are important food items in Asian and Pacific cuisines, the highest proportion being consumed in China as "bêche-de-mer" dried, gutted, boiled and salted body wall. However, consumption of sea cucumbers is expanding in China and globally, and the high demand has led to decline in populations of sea cucumbers, due to overexploitation. Aquaculture, together with novel fisheries on new species in new regions is easing the demand. Thus, an assessment of food safety is warranted. A literature search on food hazards was performed. A high proportion of the selected papers concerned heavy metals and metalloid hazards, such as mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As). No specific maximum limits (MLs) have been set for contents of these in sea cucumbers. Thus, the contents were compared with maximum limits set for aquatic animals in general or bivalve molluscs if available. With regard to Hg and Cd levels, none of the samples exceeded limits set by the European Commission or the National Standard of China, while for Pb, samples from highly industrialised areas exceeded the limits. Surprisingly, data on contaminants such as POPs, including dioxins and dl-PCB, PAH and PFAS as well as microbial hazards were scarce. The availability of fresh sea cucumber has increased due to aquaculture. To preserve the original flavour some consumers are reported to prefer to eat raw sea cucumber products, sashimi and sushi, which inevitably causes challenges from the microbial food safety perspective. Altogether, this paper highlights specific needs for knowledge, in particular when harvesting new species of sea cucumbers or in industrialized regions. Systematic monitoring activities, appropriate guidelines and regulations are highly warranted to guide the utilization of sea cucumbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edel Oddny Elvevoll
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsoe, Norway
| | - David James
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Jogeir Toppe
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Esther Garrido Gamarro
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Ida-Johanne Jensen
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsoe, Norway
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
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77
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Cioca A, Langerholc T, Tušar L. Implementation of food matrix effects into chemical food contaminant risk assessment. EFSA J 2022; 20:e200905. [PMID: 36531272 PMCID: PMC9749431 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.e200905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Food risk assessment plays an important role in protecting public health worldwide. Stakeholders involved in food risk assessment, such as national authorities, agencies, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), industry and consumers, need to properly understand the terminology of food risk assessment effectively. In this respect, the first part of the EU-FORA work programme (WP1) aimed to provide insights into the actual translation of two essential terms used in food risk assessment. 'Hazard' and 'risk' were first identified and compared between the English version of various food regulations and their equivalents in the national legislation of EU Member States. The comparison and critical evaluation revealed several inconsistencies. These inconsistencies could lead to misinterpretations, followed by errors in conducting risk assessments or communicating risks. We recommend that consistency is restored and maintained so that the message is properly communicated. The second part of the work programme (WP2) was focused on a specific area within chemical risk assessment (CRA). In this context, special attention was given to the impact of the food matrix on the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of heavy metals and metalloids. After collection and careful selection of data from scientific journals, a database with information on the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) in different food matrices was created for future statistical analyses related to dietary exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana‐Andreea Cioca
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life SciencesUniversity of MariborPivola 102311HočeSlovenia
| | - Tomaz Langerholc
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life SciencesUniversity of MariborPivola 102311HočeSlovenia
| | - Livija Tušar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural BiologyJožef Stefan InstituteJamova cesta 391000LjubljanaSlovenia
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78
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Babaahmadifooladia M, da Silva Junior EC, Van de Wiele T, Du Laing G, Jacxsens L. Probabilistic chronic dietary exposure assessment adjusted for bioaccessible fraction to metals by consumption of seaweed and derived foods. Food Chem 2022; 395:133588. [PMID: 35839698 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The chronic exposure to heavy elements, i.e. Ni, As, Cd, Hg and Pb the evaluation of toxicological risk through intake of raw or seaweed based foods for Belgian consumers is presented in this study. The bioaccessible fraction, obtained for different metals, were used to refine the exposure values to avoid overestimation in the reported exposures. The decrease in the exposure values was higher for As with average bioaccessible fraction of 56.8% followed by Pb, Cd, Ni and Hg. The pure seaweeds show more approximation or exceeding of toxicological limits compared to the composite foodstuffs. For all elements (except Hg), toxicological limits are approached at the maximum exposure situation due to consumption of certain seaweed-based foods. Further, the study demonstrates that the introduction of innovative foods on an emerging market may result in potential health issues due to the shift in consumption patterns as the increased consumption of seaweed and their derivatives in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnoosh Babaahmadifooladia
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Ediu Carlos da Silva Junior
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium; Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, 3037, 37200-900 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Gijs Du Laing
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Jacxsens
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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79
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Knez E, Kadac-Czapska K, Dmochowska-Ślęzak K, Grembecka M. Root Vegetables-Composition, Health Effects, and Contaminants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15531. [PMID: 36497603 PMCID: PMC9735862 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Root vegetables are known all over the world, but they are being less and less consumed by individuals. The main purpose of this article was to summarize the benefits, health effects, and threats associated with the consumption of carrot, celery, parsley, beetroot, radish, turnip, and horseradish. They are characterized by high nutritional value due to their richness in dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals. One of their most important features is their high content of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, phenols, flavonoids, and vitamin C. These compounds are responsible for antioxidant potential. Comparison of their antioxidant effects is difficult due to the lack of standardization among methods used for their assessment. Therefore, there is a need for a reference method that would allow for correct interpretation. Moreover, root vegetables are characterized by several health-promoting effects, including the regulation of metabolic parameters (glucose level, lipid profile, and blood pressure), antioxidant potential, prebiotic function, and anti-cancer properties. However, due to the type of cultivation, root vegetables are vulnerable to contaminants from the soil, such as toxic metals (lead and cadmium), pesticides, pharmaceutical residues, microplastics, and nitrates. Regardless, the low levels of toxic substances present in root vegetables do not pose health risks to the average consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Małgorzata Grembecka
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gen. J. Hallera Av. 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
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80
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Lucas C, Fernández F, Bañón S. Mineral Content (Essential and Toxic Elements) of Squid Flesh Is Affected by Maceration with Sodium Salts and Vacuum-Cooking. Foods 2022; 11:3688. [PMID: 36429280 PMCID: PMC9689938 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Maceration with sodium salts is applied to irmprove water holding capacity in squid-based products. The aim of this work was to determine how the mineral content of squid flesh is affected by maceration and further vacuum-cooking. Atlantic squids (Loligo vulgaris) from two fisheries (FAO areas No. 47 and 34) were sampled. Macrominerals (g/100 g) present in raw flesh were Na, Mg, P, S, K and Ca, while microminerals accounting for >1 mg/kg were Zn, Si, Sr, Fe, Cu, Al and Mn. As a result of maceration (3 + 1.5% w: w NaCl+ Na citrate) and vacuum-cooking (at 65 °C for 20 min), some squid minerals was removed. The levels of Cd and As were reduced by half, while Na content increased from 0.28 to 0.49 g/100 g. Maceration with sodium salts generally led to minerals leaching (except for Na) with the medium. Further cooking produced additional losses of most of the minerals present in macerated squid (except Pb and Cd). Squid microminerals were hardly removed with the cooking juice. The consumption of macerated-cooked squid covered > 10% of the recommended dietary intake for Na, P, Zn, Mg and Mn, while health risks were almost negligible and mainly concerned Cd (up to 14% of the probable tolerable weekly intake). The combination of both treatments involves certain loss of most of the essential minerals but also contributes to reducing toxicological risks related to mineral intake through squid products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sancho Bañón
- Department of Food Technology and Science and Nutrition, Veterinary Faculty, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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81
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Ośko J, Szewczyk A, Berk P, Prokopowicz M, Grembecka M. Assessment of the Mineral Composition and the Selected Physicochemical Parameters of Dietary Supplements Containing Green Tea Extracts. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223580. [PMID: 36429172 PMCID: PMC9689700 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to assess the mineral composition as well as the physicochemical quality of green tea-based dietary supplements (capsules and tablets) with respect to average weight, size and shape, friability, breaking force and disintegration time. Products were analysed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry for Ca, K, Mg, Na, Cr, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Pb and Cd. Approximately 60% of the analysed supplements met the requirements of European and Polish regulations. The dietary supplements passed weight variation tests, but not all products had compliant capsule sizes. One product in tablet form failed the friability test, and eleven dietary supplements in tablet form failed the disintegration test. The supplements were characterised by a varied elemental composition, with the highest values found for Ca, Fe, Zn and Mn. The recommended daily allowance realisation for Fe and Zn in two dietary supplements (capsule form) exceeded 100%. As a result of the estimation of the monthly intake of toxic metals, it was concluded that the tested products do not pose a risk to consumer health. Significant relationships (p < 0.001) were found for K, Mg, Na, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn. The application of factor and cluster analyses allowed the verification of the similarity of green tea extracts contained in dietary supplements to the natural raw material, green tea leaves, used as a reference material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Ośko
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gen. J. Hallera Avenue 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Adrian Szewczyk
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gen. J. Hallera Avenue 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paulina Berk
- Student Scientific Circle at the Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gen. J. Hallera Avenue 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Prokopowicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gen. J. Hallera Avenue 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Grembecka
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gen. J. Hallera Avenue 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Ettler V, Hladíková K, Mihaljevič M, Drahota P, Culka A, Jedlicka R, Kříbek B, Vaněk A, Penížek V, Sracek O, Bagai Z. Contaminant Binding and Bioaccessibility in the Dust From the Ni-Cu Mining/Smelting District of Selebi-Phikwe (Botswana). GEOHEALTH 2022; 6:e2022GH000683. [PMID: 36348990 PMCID: PMC9636585 DOI: 10.1029/2022gh000683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We studied the dust fractions of the smelting slag, mine tailings, and soil from the former Ni-Cu mining and processing district in Selebi-Phikwe (eastern Botswana). Multi-method chemical and mineralogical investigations were combined with oral bioaccessibility testing of the fine dust fractions (<48 and <10 μm) in a simulated gastric fluid to assess the potential risk of the intake of metal(loid)s contaminants. The total concentrations of the major contaminants varied significantly (Cu: 301-9,600 mg/kg, Ni: 850-7,000 mg/kg, Co: 48-791 mg/kg) but were generally higher in the finer dust fractions. The highest bioaccessible concentrations of Co, Cu, and Ni were found in the slag and mine tailing dusts, where these metals were mostly bound in sulfides (pentlandite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite). On the contrary, the soil dusts exhibited substantially lower bioaccessible fractions of these metals due to their binding in less soluble spinel-group oxides. The results indicate that slag dusts are assumed to be risk materials, especially when children are considered as a target group. Still, this exposure scenario seems unrealistic due to (a) the fencing of the former mine area and its inaccessibility to the local community and (b) the low proportion of the fine particles in the granulated slag dump and improbability of their transport by wind. The human health risk related to the incidental ingestion of the soil dust, the most accessible to the local population, seems to be quite limited in the Selebi-Phikwe area, even when a higher dust ingestion rate (280 mg/d) is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtěch Ettler
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral ResourcesFaculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPrague 2Czech Republic
| | - Karolína Hladíková
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral ResourcesFaculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPrague 2Czech Republic
| | - Martin Mihaljevič
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral ResourcesFaculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPrague 2Czech Republic
| | - Petr Drahota
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral ResourcesFaculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPrague 2Czech Republic
| | - Adam Culka
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral ResourcesFaculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPrague 2Czech Republic
| | - Radim Jedlicka
- Institute of Petrology and Structural GeologyFaculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPrague 2Czech Republic
| | | | - Aleš Vaněk
- Department of Soil Science and Soil ProtectionFaculty of AgrobiologyFood and Natural ResourcesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 6Czech Republic
| | - Vít Penížek
- Department of Soil Science and Soil ProtectionFaculty of AgrobiologyFood and Natural ResourcesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 6Czech Republic
| | - Ondra Sracek
- Department of GeologyFaculty of SciencePalacký University in OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Zibisani Bagai
- Department of GeologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of BotswanaGaboroneBotswana
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83
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Wang Z, Huang X, Li J, Liu N, Wei Q. Lead exposure is non-linearly associated with subclinical myocardial injury in the general population without cardiovascular disease. Front Public Health 2022; 10:975413. [PMID: 36339197 PMCID: PMC9633844 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.975413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Growing studies have focused on the effect of lead exposure on human circulatory system, while the relationship between lead exposure and subclinical myocardial injury (SC-MI) is still poorly known. Therefore, this study was to explore the effect of lead exposure on SC-MI. Methods The study included 6,272 individuals aged 40 and older without cardiovascular disease (CVD) from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Blood lead was used as an alternative marker of lead exposure. Multivariable logistic regression models, restricted cubic spline and threshold effect analyses were performed to investigate the effect of blood lead on SC-MI. Results After adjusting for age, sex, race, diabetes, hypertension, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, triglycerides, total cholesterol, creatinine, fasting plasma glucose and hemoglobin Alc, higher blood lead level was independently related to higher risk of SC-MI (OR 1.047, 95% CI [1.018, 1.077]; P = 0.003). Restricted cubic spline curve showed that there was a non-linear correlation between blood lead and SC-MI. Threshold effect analysis determined that the inflection point of blood lead was 3.8 ug/dl. When the blood lead level was higher than 3.8 ug/dl, there was an independent positive correlation between blood lead level and the risk of SC-MI (OR 1.031, 95% CI [1.009, 1.053]; P < 0.01). And similar associations were also observed among subgroups of male, ≤60 years, >60 years, never smoker, non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black or without hypertension and diabetes. Conclusions Blood lead was non-linearly related to SC-MI in population free from CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjie Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Affiliated Xuchang People's Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Xuchang, China
| | - Naifeng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Naifeng Liu
| | - Qin Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China,Qin Wei
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Musilová J, Franková H, Lidiková J, Chlpík J, Vollmannová A, Árvay J, Harangozo Ľ, Urminská J, Tóth T. Impact of old environmental burden in the Spiš region (Slovakia) on soil and home-grown vegetable contamination, and health effects of heavy metals. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16371. [PMID: 36180568 PMCID: PMC9525606 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20847-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to several centuries of ongoing mining activities, Middle Spiš (Slovakia) is one of the areas with a damaged environment. The contents of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Hg were determined in the soils and home-grown vegetables (potatoes, carrots, tomatoes). Except for Pb, the contents of heavy metals in the soils of some plots were higher than the limit values. Based on the values of Contamination factor (Cf), Degree of contamination (Cdeg), Geo-accumulation index (Igeo), and Pollution load index (PLI), very high Fe, Cd, and Hg contamination (Cf ≥ 6), very high soil contamination (Cdeg ≥ 20), extremely heavy Fe and Hg contamination (Igeo > 5), resp. moderately pollution to non-pollution (1 < PLI ≤ 2) was found in all plots. In vegetable samples, the maximum levels were exceeded for Cu, Pb, Hg (potato), Pb (carrot, tomato), and Hg (carrot, plot E). Bioaccumulation factor values BAF > 1 were for Cu (carrots, potatoes). Estimated daily intake values for all heavy metals were lower than their tolerable daily intake. Chronic daily intake of heavy metals ranged 2.495E−06 (Hg)—0.1416 (Fe) mg/kg/day. Based on Hazard index values, potato consumption poses a risk (0.8068–1.3057). The results showed that the monitoring of soils and cultivated production is necessary for the investigated area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette Musilová
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, SUA Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Hana Franková
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, SUA Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia.
| | - Judita Lidiková
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, SUA Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Chlpík
- Institute of Agronomic Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, SUA Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Alena Vollmannová
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, SUA Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Július Árvay
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, SUA Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Ľuboš Harangozo
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, SUA Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Jana Urminská
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, SUA Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Tóth
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, SUA Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
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85
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Guerranti C, Andreuccetti C, Cenni I, Santini S, Martellini T, Cincinelli A, Perico A. Cosmetics Trace Elemental Content: Analytical Methodology and Toxicity Evaluation of Products in the Italian Market. ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2121405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Guerranti
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Costanza Andreuccetti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Isabella Cenni
- Laboratorio sanità pubblica, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Florence, Italy
| | - Saul Santini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Tania Martellini
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cincinelli
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Andrea Perico
- Laboratorio sanità pubblica, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Florence, Italy
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Peycheva K, Panayotova V, Stancheva R, Makedonski L, Merdzhanova A, Cammilleri G, Ferrantelli V, Calabrese V, Cicero N, Fazio F. Effect of steaming on chemical composition of Mediterranean mussel ( Mytilus galloprovincialis): Evaluation of potential risk associated with human consumption. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:3052-3061. [PMID: 36171784 PMCID: PMC9469854 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Steaming process is the most popular method for cooking mussels worldwide. The effect of this cooking process on some toxic (Cd, Ni, Pb), essential (Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) elements, minerals (Na, K, Ca, Mg), total lipids, and fatty acid profiles in the Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) harvested from the Black Sea was studied. Different approaches to assess the benefits and risks (n-6/n-3, PUFA/SFA, AI, TI, h/H, EDI, THQ, HI, TR, and HQEFA) were employed. In general, steaming process significantly modified some essential elements and minerals concentrations as well as the fatty acid profiles. Compared to the raw samples, this culinary practice resulted in an increased concentration of Na, Mg, Zn, and saturated fatty acids and a decrease of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Significant changes in the lipid quality indices (PUFA/SFA, AI, TI, and h/H) from the raw samples were observed. No effect on the DHA content was found. However, the significant increase in the absolute content of EPA + DHA indicates that steaming does not compromise the nutritional quality of mussels. Target hazard quotients (THQs) and hazard index (HI) from elemental intake were below 1, indicating that the steamed M. galloprovincialis pose no hazard for the consumers. The target risk (TR) values for Pb, Cr, and Ni were calculated, evaluated, and showed acceptable or negligible levels. In addition, the benefit-risk ratio indicated that the steamed M. galloprovincialis are safe for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya Peycheva
- Department of ChemistryMedical University VarnaVarnaBulgaria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e BiotecnologicheUniversità Degli Studi di CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Dipartimento SASTASUniversità Degli Studi di MessinaMessinaItaly
| | - Francesco Fazio
- Dipartimento di Scienze VeterinarieUniversità Degli Studi di MessinaMessinaItaly
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Plachy M, Bartha A, Budai P, Palotás P, Lehel J. Toxic elements in Sardina pilchardus and food toxicological significance. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS. PART B, SURVEILLANCE 2022; 15:212-220. [PMID: 35640935 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2022.2081733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cd, Hg, and Pb concentrations were investigated in Sardina pilchardus fish. Samples originated from the Atlantic Northeast fishing area 27 and were analysed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The aim of the study was to estimate the health impact of consumption, based on the concentrations and calculated exposure for each element. Based on the average total arsenic concentration of 3.26 ± 0.39 mg/kg in the samples, the estimated inorganic arsenic content and calculated PTWI suggested that the samples do not pose a health risk for consumers. Cadmium content of the samples was also not considered hazardous, as both the measured concentrations and PTMI values were below the specified limits. Lead concentration exceeded the maximum limit in 73% of the samples, while calculated average weekly intake was below the recommended level. The measured mercury concentrations exceeded the maximum limit in only 5% of the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Plachy
- Department of Food Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Bartha
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Herd Health and Mobile Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Budai
- Institute of Plant Protection, Georgikon Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Keszthely, Hungary
| | | | - József Lehel
- Department of Food Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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Ghidini S, Varrà MO, Husáková L, Alborali GL, Patočka J, Ianieri A, Zanardi E. Occurrence of Toxic Metals and Metalloids in Muscle and Liver of Italian Heavy Pigs and Potential Health Risk Associated with Dietary Exposure. Foods 2022; 11:2530. [PMID: 36010529 PMCID: PMC9407101 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle and liver tissues from Italian heavy pigs were analyzed to investigate whether the chronic consumption of these products by local consumers could represent a health risk in relation to the contamination by some toxic metals and metalloids (TMMs). The concentrations of Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Sn, U, and Zn were measured with an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer, while Hg analysis was performed by using a mercury analyzer. Fe, Zn, and Cu were the most abundant elements in both tissues, while U was detected only at ultra-trace levels. As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb, U, and Zn showed significantly higher concentrations in livers compared to muscles (p ≤ 0.01), with Cd and Cu being 60- and 9-fold more concentrated in the hepatic tissue. Despite this, concentrations of all TMMs were found to be very low in all the samples to the point that the resulting estimated dietary intakes did not suggest any food safety concern. Indeed, intakes were all below the toxicological health-based guidance values or resulted in low margins of exposure. Nevertheless, in the calculation of the worst-case exposure scenario, the children's estimated intake of Cd, Fe, and Zn through the sole consumption of pig liver contributed to more than 23, 38, and 39% of the tolerable weekly intakes of these elements, while the combined consumption of pig liver and pig muscle to more than 24, 46, and 76%. These findings alert about the probability of exceeding the toxicological guidance values of Cd, Fe, and Zn though the whole diet, suggesting long-term negative health effects for the younger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Ghidini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Olga Varrà
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Lenka Husáková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573 HB/D, CZ-532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Giovanni Loris Alborali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia-Romagna, Via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Jan Patočka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573 HB/D, CZ-532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Adriana Ianieri
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Emanuela Zanardi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
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Tartaglione AM, Serafini MM, Ferraris F, Raggi A, Mirabello A, Di Benedetto R, Ricceri L, Midali M, Cubadda F, Minghetti L, Viviani B, Calamandrei G. Short- and Long-Term Effects of Suboptimal Selenium Intake and Developmental Lead Exposure on Behavior and Hippocampal Glutamate Receptors in a Rat Model. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163269. [PMID: 36014775 PMCID: PMC9416673 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element required for normal development as well as to counteract the adverse effects of environmental stressors. Conditions of low Se intake are present in some European countries. Our aim was to investigate the short- and long-term effects of early-life low Se supply on behavior and synaptic plasticity with a focus on the hippocampus, considering both suboptimal Se intake per se and its interaction with developmental exposure to lead (Pb). We established an animal model of Se restriction and low Pb exposure; female rats fed with an optimal (0.15 mg/kg) or suboptimal (0.04 mg/kg) Se diet were exposed from one month pre-mating until the end of lactation to 12.5 µg/mL Pb via drinking water. In rat offspring, the assessment of motor, emotional, and cognitive endpoints at different life stages were complemented by the evaluation of the expression and synaptic distribution of NMDA and AMPA receptor subunits at post-natal day (PND) 23 and 70 in the hippocampus. Suboptimal Se intake delayed the achievement of developmental milestones and induced early and long-term alterations in motor and emotional abilities. Behavioral alterations were mirrored by a drop in the expression of the majority of NMDA and AMPA receptor subunits analyzed at PND 23. The suboptimal Se status co-occurring with Pb exposure induced a transient body weight increase and persistent anxiety-like behavior. From the molecular point of view, we observed hippocampal alterations in NMDA (Glun2B and GluN1) and AMPA receptor subunit trafficking to the post-synapse in male rats only. Our study provides evidence of potential Se interactions with Pb in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Tartaglione
- Centre for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), 00161 Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Melania Maria Serafini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20126 Milan, ML, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferraris
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), 00161 Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Andrea Raggi
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), 00161 Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Annalisa Mirabello
- Centre for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), 00161 Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Rita Di Benedetto
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), 00161 Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Laura Ricceri
- Centre for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), 00161 Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Miriam Midali
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20126 Milan, ML, Italy
| | - Francesco Cubadda
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), 00161 Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Luisa Minghetti
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), 00161 Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Barbara Viviani
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20126 Milan, ML, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Gemma Calamandrei
- Centre for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), 00161 Rome, RM, Italy
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90
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Pain DJ, Green RE, Taggart MA, Kanstrup N. How contaminated with ammunition-derived lead is meat from European small game animals? Assessing and reducing risks to human health. AMBIO 2022; 51:1772-1785. [PMID: 35536507 PMCID: PMC9200912 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-022-01737-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Small game animals are generally hunted with lead gunshot which often fragments causing elevated lead concentrations in meat and presenting health risks to frequent consumers and vulnerable groups. We reviewed three decades of European data on lead concentrations in the meat of gamebirds, rabbits and hares across countries with various restrictions on lead gunshot use. Mean meat lead concentrations decreased to a low level in Denmark, the only country in the study with a total ban on lead gunshot use. In contrast, elsewhere in Europe meat lead concentrations increased over time, an unexplained and previously undescribed finding. The only regulatory restriction associated with a decrease in meat lead concentrations was the Danish total ban on lead gunshot use. We calculated an arithmetic mean lead concentration in small game meat of 5.205 ppm w.w. (2011-2021) from across Europe. EU and UK regulators are considering banning lead ammunition for all hunting to protect human and wildlife health. The mean value we found for small game meat (2011-2021) was fourteen times higher than that used in a recent EU-wide risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J. Pain
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Rhys E. Green
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ UK
- Centre for Conservation Science, RSPB, The Lodge, Sandy, SG19 2DL Bedfordshire UK
| | - Mark A. Taggart
- Environmental Research Institute, University of the Highlands and Islands, Castle Street, Thurso, KW14 7AP UK
| | - Niels Kanstrup
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Allé 8, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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91
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Contamination and Health Risk Assessments of Metals in Selected Fruits from Abeokuta, Southwestern Nigeria. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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92
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Signes-Pastor AJ, Sayarath V, Jackson B, Cottingham KL, Punshon T, Karagas MR. Dietary Exposure to Essential and Non-essential Elements During Infants' First Year of Life in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study. EXPOSURE AND HEALTH 2022; 15:269-279. [PMID: 36873246 PMCID: PMC9971144 DOI: 10.1007/s12403-022-00489-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Even the low levels of non-essential elements exposure common in the US may have health consequences especially early in life. However, little is known about the infant's dynamic exposure to essential and non-essential elements. This study aims to evaluate exposure to essential and non-essential elements during infants' first year of life and to explore the association between the exposure and rice consumption. Paired urine samples from infants enrolled in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (NHBCS) were collected at approximately 6 weeks (exclusively breastfed) and at 1 year of age after weaning (n = 187). A further independent subgroup of NHBCS infants with details about rice consumption at 1 year of age also was included (n = 147). Urinary concentrations of 8 essential (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, and Se) and 9 non-essential (Al, As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Sb, Sn, V, and U) elements were determined as a measure of exposure. Several essential (Co, Fe, Mo, Ni, and Se) and non-essential (Al, As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Sb, Sn, and V) elements had higher concentrations at 1 year than at 6 weeks of age. The highest increases were for urinary As and Mo with median concentrations of 0.20 and 1.02 µg/L at 6 weeks and 2.31 and 45.36 µg/L at 1 year of age, respectively. At 1 year of age, As and Mo urine concentrations were related to rice consumption. Further efforts are necessary to minimize exposure to non-essential elements while retaining essential elements to protect and promote children's health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12403-022-00489-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J. Signes-Pastor
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel Medical School at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH USA
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández (ISABIAL-UMH), Alicante, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicki Sayarath
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel Medical School at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH USA
| | - Brian Jackson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
| | | | - Tracy Punshon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel Medical School at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH USA
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93
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Lazarus M, Orct T, Sekovanić A, Skoko B, Petrinec B, Zgorelec Ž, Kisić I, Prevendar Crnić A, Jurasović J, Srebočan E. Spatio-temporal monitoring of mercury and other stable metal(loid)s and radionuclides in a Croatian terrestrial ecosystem around a natural gas treatment plant. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:481. [PMID: 35668141 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The natural gas industry bears a certain contamination risk to human and biota due to, among others, mercury, arsenic, and naturally occurring radioactive material content in gas. We tracked multiple stabile metal(loid)s and radionuclides within the natural gas treatment plant Molve, Croatia, ecosystem during the last decade through a comprehensive monitoring of soil, earthworms, moss, livestock (blood, milk, hair, urine, and feces from cows), and wildlife animals (brain, muscle, liver, and kidney of European hare and pheasant). The level of mercury and other stable metal(loid)s has shown temporal variation, but without an obvious trend. The found spatial differences in soil and earthworms were based on the differing soil characteristics of the sampled locations and exceeded the maximal allowable concentration of arsenic and zinc for agricultural soil. The status of essential copper, selenium, and zinc in cows, hares, and pheasants inclined towards deficiency. The measured stable metal(loid) levels in soil and animal samples were generally in the same range of values reported in earlier decades from the same area or non-polluted areas across Europe. The consumption of local cow and game products (e.g., milk, meat) can be considered safe for human health, although game offal is advised to be avoided as a food item due to the low risk of lead and cadmium's adverse effects. Although the activity concentrations of some radionuclides in moss were higher than reported for pristine areas, transfer from soil to moss was assessed as average (except for lead-210). Radiological risk to human and biota around the gas treatment plant Molve was estimated as negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Lazarus
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Tatjana Orct
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ankica Sekovanić
- Radiation Protection Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Božena Skoko
- Radiation Protection Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Branko Petrinec
- Radiation Protection Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željka Zgorelec
- Department of General Agronomy, Division of Agroecology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivica Kisić
- Department of General Agronomy, Division of Agroecology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andreja Prevendar Crnić
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Jurasović
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Emil Srebočan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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94
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Younes M, Aquilina G, Castle L, Engel K, Fowler P, Frutos Fernandez MJ, Gundert‐Remy U, Gürtler R, Husøy T, Manco M, Mennes W, Moldeus P, Passamonti S, Shah R, Waalkens‐Berendsen I, Wölfle D, Wright M, Cheyns K, Mirat M, Rincon AM, Fürst P. Follow-up of the re-evaluation of glycerol (E 422) as a food additive. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07353. [PMID: 35770238 PMCID: PMC9208908 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycerol (E 422) was re-evaluated in 2017 by the former EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient sources added to Food (ANS). As a follow-up to that assessment, in this opinion, the Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF) addresses the data gaps identified to support an amendment of the EU specifications for E 422 in Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012. The Panel performed a risk assessment of undesirable impurities present in E 422. The Panel concluded that the maximum limits in the EU specifications for the four toxic elements (arsenic, lead, mercury and cadmium) should be lowered based on actual levels in the commercial food additive E 422. The Panel recommended setting a numerical limit value for acrolein in the specifications for E 422. The potential exposure to free 3-monochloropropanediol at the maximum limit of 0.1 mg/kg, as laid out in the specifications for E 422, does not give rise to a health concern. The Panel recommended to consider modifying the definition of E 422 in Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012 indicating that E 422 is obtained only from vegetable oils and fats and undergoes purification processes that involve distillation, and other clean up steps to obtain refined glycerol. Overall, the Panel concluded that the technical data provided support an amendment of the specifications for glycerol (E 422).
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95
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Sartorius A, Johnson M, Young S, Bennett M, Baiker K, Edwards P, Yon L. Human health implications from consuming eggs produced near a derelict metalliferous mine: a case study. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2022; 39:1074-1085. [PMID: 35580347 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2062059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Lead pollution from metalliferous mines can have major environmental and health effects long after the mines have closed. Animals living near derelict mine sites can inadvertently ingest lead-contaminated soils, causing them to accumulate lead and potentially experience significant adverse health effects. Human food products, such as eggs, produced near metalliferous mines may also be contaminated with lead. The focus of this case study was to determine whether free-range chickens living near a derelict lead mine had high lead body burdens, whether they were producing eggs with elevated lead concentrations, and whether these eggs could be hazardous to human health. Soil samples and chicken egg, feather, blood, and bone samples were collected from a small farm near an abandoned metalliferous mine. The soil in and around the chicken pens contained lead concentrations that were elevated above established soil lead baseline concentrations. The lead concentrations in the chicken feather, blood, and bone samples were consistent with lead toxicity and indicated long-term, continuous exposure. Finally, the lead concentrations in the eggs were significantly greater than those found in commercial eggs. Based on previously established lead benchmark dose levels, humans, and in particular, children, could experience adverse health impacts if they routinely consumed these eggs. Environmental lead contamination continues to pose a major health risk for humans, and further research, understanding, and awareness are required to safeguard the public from the risks of consuming food produced near derelict mines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sartorius
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Matthew Johnson
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Scott Young
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Malcolm Bennett
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Kerstin Baiker
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | | | - Lisa Yon
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
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96
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Lopez-Santamarina A, Cardelle-Cobas A, Del Carmen Mondragon A, Sinisterra-Loaiza L, Miranda JM, Cepeda A. Evaluation of the potential prebiotic effect of Himanthalia elongata, an Atlantic brown seaweed, in an in vitro model of the human distal colon. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111156. [PMID: 35651022 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Until now, although different studies have shown the potential prebiotic effect of seaweed carbohydrates, no studies with the whole seaweeds have been carried out. In addition, the prebiotic effect throughput sequencing remains poorly investigated since most of the published works used qPCR or FISH to estimate bacterial changes. In this work, an in vitro model of the human distal colon was used to determine, for the first time, the potential prebiotic effect of a brown whole seaweed Himanthalia elongata. The whole seaweed was characterized in basis of its nutritional and mineral composition and submitted to the entire gastrointestinal digestion. The prebiotic effect was evaluated by the microbial modulation through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, qPCR and short-chain fatty acid analysis. The obtained results indicated that the colonic fraction of H. elongata was used selectively by the Bacteroides genus, more specifically by the specie Bacteoides ovatus, whereas inulin was used mainly by the Parabacteroides genus, being Parabacteroides distasonis the most abundant identified specie. Selective use of inulin by P. distasonis is, therefore, reported by the first time. qPCR analysis shown no significative differences in Bifidobacterium population and a decrease in Lactobacillus along the fermentation assays with both substrates. Regarding to the short-fatty acid production, maximal concentration, 56.11 ± 20.48 mM, was achieved for H. elongata, at 24 h of fermentation whereas for inulin total acid production was 93.66 ± 21.82 mM at 48 h of assay. The metabolic pathways associated with bacterial genera were not significantly different between the two tested substrates. Although more studies are necessary to elucidate the prebiotic character of H. elongata, the results presented in this work are promissory and could open new opportunities of research and application in the area of Nutrition and Food Chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aroa Lopez-Santamarina
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Alejandra Cardelle-Cobas
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Alicia Del Carmen Mondragon
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Laura Sinisterra-Loaiza
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Miranda
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Alberto Cepeda
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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97
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Arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury content and health risk assessment of consuming freshwater fish with elements of chemometric analysis. Food Chem 2022; 379:132167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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98
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Younes M, Aquilina G, Castle L, Engel KH, Fowler P, Frutos Fernandez MJ, Gundert-Remy U, Gürtler R, Husøy T, Manco M, Mennes W, Moldeus P, Passamonti S, Shah R, Waalkens-Berendsen I, Wölfle D, Wright M, Cheyns K, Mirat M, Rincon AM, Tard A, Fürst P. Follow-up of the re-evaluation of polyglycerol polyricinoleate (E 476) as a food additive. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07294. [PMID: 35515334 PMCID: PMC9066526 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR, E 476) was re‐evaluated in 2017 by the former EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient sources added to Food (ANS). As a follow‐up to this assessment, in this opinion, the Panel on Food Additives and Flavouring (FAF) addresses the data gaps identified to support an amendment of the EU specifications for E 476. Additionally, this opinion deals with the assessment of the proposed extension of use for E 476 in edible ices and a revision of the maximum permitted level in emulsified sauces. The Panel concluded that the proposed extension of use, if authorised, would not give rise to a safety concern. Additionally, the Panel performed a risk assessment of undesirable impurities potentially present in E 476. The Panel concluded that the maximum limits in the EU specifications for the four toxic elements (arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium) should be lowered based on actual levels in the commercial food additive E 476. The Panel also concluded that maximum limits for glycidyl esters and 3‐monochloropropanediol should be included in the EU specifications for E 476. Alternatively, the Panel recommends an amendment of the definition of E 476 to include a requirement that the fats and oils used in the manufacturing of E 476 comply with the respective EU legislation regarding suitability for human consumption. Further, the Panel recommends a modification of the definition of E 476 indicating that polyglycerol used for the manufacturing of E 476 should be produced from glycerol meeting the specifications for E 422 (Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012). In this case, respective specification limits for epichlorohydrin, acrolein and butanetriol would not be needed for E 476. Finally, the Panel concluded that the proposed method based on the determination of ricinoleic acid is suitable for the determination of E 476 content in food.
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99
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Younes M, Aquilina G, Engel K, Fowler PJ, Frutos Fernandez MJ, Fürst P, Gürtler R, Gundert‐Remy U, Husøy T, Manco M, Mennes W, Moldeus P, Passamonti S, Shah R, Waalkens‐Berendsen I, Wright M, Barat Baviera JM, Degen G, Herman L, Leblanc J, Wölfle D, Aguilera J, Giarola A, Smeraldi C, Vianello G, Castle L. Safety of the proposed amendment of the specifications for enzymatically produced steviol glycosides (E 960c): Rebaudioside D produced via enzymatic bioconversion of purified stevia leaf extract. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07291. [PMID: 35600273 PMCID: PMC9109230 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF Panel) provides a scientific opinion on the safety of a proposed amendment of the specifications of enzymatically produced steviol glycosides (E 960c) with respect to the inclusion of rebaudioside D produced via enzyme‐catalysed bioconversion of purified stevia leaf extract. Rebaudioside D (95% on dry basis) is produced via enzymatic bioconversion of purified stevia leaf extract using uridine diphosphate (UDP)‐glucosyltransferase (UGT) and sucrose synthase enzymes produced by the genetically modified yeast K. phaffii UGT‐A, that facilitates the transfer of glucose to purified stevia leaf extract via glycosidic bonds. The same enzymes from K. phaffii UGT‐A may be used in the manufacturing process of the food additive, rebaudioside M produced via enzyme modification of steviol glycosides from stevia (E 960c(i)). The Panel considered that separate specifications would be needed for this food additive produced via the manufacturing process described in the current application, aligned with those already established for E 960c(i). The Panel concluded that there is no toxicological concern for Rebaudioside D produced via enzymatic bioconversion of purified stevia leaf extract using UDP‐glucosyltransferase and sucrose synthase produced by a genetically modified strain of the yeast K. phaffii. However, based on the available data, the Panel could not exclude the possibility that some residual amount of DNA coding for the kanamycin resistance gene could remain in the final product. Should this gene propagate in microbiota due to the presence of recombinant DNA in the final product, this would be of concern. Therefore, the Panel concluded that the safety of Rebaudioside D produced via this enzymatic bioconversion was not sufficiently demonstrated with the available data given that the absence of recombinant DNA was not shown.
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100
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Garciarena IN, Poulsen M, Lindholm Bøgh K. Risk–benefit assessment of seaweed Allergenicity risk assessment of novel protein. EFSA J 2022; 20:e200414. [PMID: 35634551 PMCID: PMC9131616 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.e200414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As the world population rapidly grows, there is a clear need for alternative food sources, particularly for the provision of protein. Seaweed is one such alternative source of protein that requires greater investigation. In this context, a working programme within the European Food Risk Assessment (EU‐FORA) Fellowship Programme framework was developed at National Food Institute – Technical University of Denmark. This Programme is an initiative of the EFSA with the aim to build a European risk assessment community. The purpose of this technical report is to describe the activities in which the fellow was involved. As part of the Research Group for Risk–Benefit, the fellow performed a risk–benefit assessment of seaweed Palmaria palmata gaining an in‐depth expertise in all the steps. The health impact of Palmaria palmata consumption was estimated, considering its high nutritional value but also highlighting concerns towards some components. Simultaneous to the work on the risk–benefit, the fellow also worked within the Research Group for Food Allergy, specifically on the allergenicity risk assessment of a plant‐based novel protein (seaweed protein) using different laboratory assays. Seaweed protein digestibility was assessed, and its digestion products were characterised and assessed for immunogenicity. Finally, the fellow collaborated with the Research Group for Microbial Biotechnology and Biorefining in the development of a novel food (alfalfa protein) application dossier to be submitted to EFSA, gaining expertise in the risk assessment of a novel food. In conclusion, the present working programme, together with additional activities and training provided by different institutions, enabled the fellow to gain a broader perspective in food safety, particularly concerning seaweed, novel foods and the safety assessment of novel proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morten Poulsen
- National Food Institute ‐ Technical University of Denmark Denmark
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