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Impact of Posttranslational Modification in Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Focusing on Citrullination, Carbamylation, and Acetylation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910576. [PMID: 34638916 PMCID: PMC8508717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is caused by prolonged periodic interactions between genetic, environmental, and immunologic factors. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) such as citrullination, carbamylation, and acetylation are correlated with the pathogenesis of RA. PTM and cell death mechanisms such as apoptosis, autophagy, NETosis, leukotoxic hypercitrullination (LTH), and necrosis are related to each other and induce autoantigenicity. Certain microbial infections, such as those caused by Porphyromonasgingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Prevotella copri, can induce autoantigens in RA. Anti-modified protein antibodies (AMPA) containing anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPAs), anti-carbamylated protein (anti-CarP) antibodies, and anti-acetylated protein antibodies (AAPAs) play a role in pathogenesis as well as in prediction, diagnosis, and prognosis. Interestingly, smoking is correlated with both PTMs and AMPAs in the development of RA. However, there is lack of evidence that smoking induces the generation of AMPAs.
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Neutrophil extracellular traps and organ dysfunction in sepsis. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 523:152-162. [PMID: 34537216 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a clinical syndrome resulting from infection followed by inflammation and is one of the significant causes of mortality worldwide. The underlying reason is the host's uncontrolled inflammatory response due to an infection led to multiple organ dysfunction/failure. Neutrophils, an innate immune cell, are forerunners to reach the site of infection/inflammation for clearing the infection and resolute the inflammation during sepsis. A relatively new neutrophil effector function, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), have been demonstrated to kill the pathogens by releasing DNA decorated with histone and granular proteins. A growing number of pieces of shreds of evidence suggest that unregulated incidence of NETs have a significant influence on the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced multiple organ damage, including arterial hypotension, hypoxemia, coagulopathy, renal, neurological, and hepatic dysfunction. Thus, excessive production and improper resolution of NETs are of significant therapeutic value in combating sepsis-induced multiple organ failure. The purpose of this review is intended to highlight the role of NETs in sepsis-induced organ failure. Furthermore, the current status of therapeutic strategies to intersect the harmful effects of NETs to restore organ functions is discussed.
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Dekkema GJ, Rutgers A, Sanders JS, Stegeman CA, Heeringa P. The Nasal Microbiome in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis: Picking the Nose for Clues on Disease Pathogenesis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2021; 23:54. [PMID: 34196846 PMCID: PMC8249244 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-021-01015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The onset and progression of small vessel vasculitis associated with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies has been linked to microbial infections. Here, we provide a brief overview of the association of nasal colonization of Staphylococcus aureus with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) and discuss several recent studies mapping the nasal microbiome in AAV patients in particular. RECENT FINDINGS Nasal microbiome studies revealed dysbiosis as a common trait in active AAV which tends to normalize upon immunosuppressive treatment and quiescent disease. However, due to differences in study design, patient selection, and methodology, the reported microbiome profiles differ considerably precluding conclusions on causal relationships. The microbiome is an emerging area of research in AAV warranting further investigation. Ideally, such studies should be combined with mechanistic studies to unravel key elements related to host-microbe interactions and their relevance for AAV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Dekkema
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A Rutgers
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J S Sanders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - C A Stegeman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P Heeringa
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 EA11, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Liu X, Arfman T, Wichapong K, Reutelingsperger CPM, Voorberg J, Nicolaes GAF. PAD4 takes charge during neutrophil activation: Impact of PAD4 mediated NET formation on immune-mediated disease. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:1607-1617. [PMID: 33773016 PMCID: PMC8360066 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) is an enzyme that converts arginine into citrulline. PAD4 is expressed in neutrophils that, when activated, can drive the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Uncontrolled activation of PAD4 and subsequent citrullination of proteins is increasingly recognized as a driver of (auto)immune diseases. Currently, our understanding of PAD4 structure-function relationships and activity control in vivo is incomplete. AIMS To provide the current state-of-the-art on PAD4 structure-activity relationships and involvement of PAD4 in autoimmune disorders as well as in thrombo-inflammatory disease. MATERIALS & METHODS Literature review and molecular modelling Results: In this review, we used molecular modelling to generate a three-dimensional structure of the complete PAD4 molecule. Using our model, we discuss the catalytic conversion of the arginine substrate to citrulline. Besides mechanistic insight into PAD4 function, we give an overview of biological functions of PAD4 and mechanisms that influence its activation. In addition, we discuss the crucial role of PAD4-mediated citrullination of histones during the formation of NETs. Subsequently, we focus on the role of PAD4-mediated NET formation and its role in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, sepsis and (immune-)thrombosis. Finally, we summarize current efforts to design different classes of PAD4 inhibitors that are being developed for improved treatment of autoimmune disorders as well as thrombo-inflammatory disease. DISCUSSION Advances in PAD4 structure-function are still necessary to gain a complete insight in mechanisms that control PAD4 activity in vivo. The involvement of PAD4 in several diseases signifies the need for a PAD4 inhibitor. Although progress has been made to produce an isotype specific and potent PAD4 inhibitor, currently no PAD4 inhibitor is ready for clinical use. CONCLUSION More research into PAD4 structure and function and into the regulation of its activity is required for the development of PAD4 specific inhibitors that may prove vital to combat and prevent autoimmune disorders and (thrombo)inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Liu
- Department of BiochemistryCardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Tom Arfman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular HaemostasisSanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Kanin Wichapong
- Department of BiochemistryCardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Chris P. M. Reutelingsperger
- Department of BiochemistryCardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Jan Voorberg
- Department of Molecular and Cellular HaemostasisSanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Gerry A. F. Nicolaes
- Department of BiochemistryCardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
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Bellando-Randone S, Russo E, Venerito V, Matucci-Cerinic M, Iannone F, Tangaro S, Amedei A. Exploring the Oral Microbiome in Rheumatic Diseases, State of Art and Future Prospective in Personalized Medicine with an AI Approach. J Pers Med 2021; 11:625. [PMID: 34209167 PMCID: PMC8306274 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11070625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral microbiome is receiving growing interest from the scientific community, as the mouth is the gateway for numerous potential etiopathogenetic factors in different diseases. In addition, the progression of niches from the mouth to the gut, defined as "oral-gut microbiome axis", affects several pathologies, as rheumatic diseases. Notably, rheumatic disorders (RDs) are conditions causing chronic, often intermittent pain affecting the joints or connective tissue. In this review, we examine evidence which supports a role for the oral microbiome in the etiology and progression of various RDs, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjogren's syndrome (SS), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In addition, we address the most recent studies endorsing the oral microbiome as promising diagnostic biomarkers for RDs. Lastly, we introduce the concepts of artificial intelligence (AI), in particular, machine learning (ML) and their general application for understanding the link between oral microbiota and rheumatic diseases, speculating the application of a possible AI approach-based that can be applied to personalized medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bellando-Randone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.B.-R.); (E.R.); (M.M.-C.)
| | - Edda Russo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.B.-R.); (E.R.); (M.M.-C.)
| | - Vincenzo Venerito
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantations, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (V.V.); (F.I.)
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.B.-R.); (E.R.); (M.M.-C.)
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Florenzo Iannone
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantations, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (V.V.); (F.I.)
| | - Sabina Tangaro
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica “M. Merlin”, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.B.-R.); (E.R.); (M.M.-C.)
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56
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Tar I, Csősz É, Végh E, Lundberg K, Kharlamova N, Soós B, Szekanecz Z, Márton I. Salivary citrullinated proteins in rheumatoid arthritis and associated periodontal disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13525. [PMID: 34188155 PMCID: PMC8241986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) can be an important precipitating factor in the production of citrullinated proteins. Its importance is emphasized, but it is not the only way to produce citrullinated proteins. The aim of the current study was to determine the periodontal conditions and the salivary citrullinated protein content in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared to healthy controls. We also wished to correlate citrullinated protein levels in the saliva and serum biomarkers with the periodontal status and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement of patients with RA. Twenty-three patients with RA and 17 healthy controls participated the study. Saliva samples were taken: citrulline content of saliva was measured. Blood test results for patients with RA were collected. TMJ disorders were described. Cariological and periodontal indices were registered. Periodontal conditions and periodontal staging were also registered. Comparison of measured values between groups was performed. Intragroup correlation of patients’ values was counted. The prevalence of TMJ complaints was significantly higher in the RA group (8/23) versus controls (1/17). The patients with RA had worse periodontal condition because more patients with RA had gingivitis with a significantly higher bleeding on probing (BOP) (RA: 22.4 ± 25.0%; controls: 6.36 ± 11.6%; p = 0.018). Gingival index (GI) was also significantly higher in the patients than in controls (RA: 0.68 ± 0.58; controls: 0.19 ± 0.38; p = 0.010). The citrullinated protein (relative) content of saliva did not differ significantly (p = 0.147) between patients with RA (1102.2 ± 530.8) and healthy controls (1873.1 ± 1594.9). In RA, the salivary anti-CCP levels positively correlated with PD staging (R = 0.464, p = 0.039)
. Control subjects more commonly had healthy gingiva than RA patients. Moreover, in the control group more individuals had intact and reduced height periodontium than periodontitis compared to the RA group. There was no significant difference in the levels of salivary citrulline between patients with RA and controls, despite the significant differences in their periodontal status. Thus, salivary citrulline levels are not associated with RA disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Tar
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Csősz
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Edit Végh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei str 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Karin Lundberg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nastya Kharlamova
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Boglárka Soós
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei str 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szekanecz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei str 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
| | - Ildikó Márton
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Yang ML, Sodré FMC, Mamula MJ, Overbergh L. Citrullination and PAD Enzyme Biology in Type 1 Diabetes - Regulators of Inflammation, Autoimmunity, and Pathology. Front Immunol 2021; 12:678953. [PMID: 34140951 PMCID: PMC8204103 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.678953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of post-translational modifications (PTMs) in human proteins is a physiological process leading to structural and immunologic variety in proteins, with potentially altered biological functions. PTMs often arise through normal responses to cellular stress, including general oxidative changes in the tissue microenvironment and intracellular stress to the endoplasmic reticulum or immune-mediated inflammatory stresses. Many studies have now illustrated the presence of 'neoepitopes' consisting of PTM self-proteins that induce robust autoimmune responses. These pathways of inflammatory neoepitope generation are commonly observed in many autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and type 1 diabetes (T1D), among others. This review will focus on one specific PTM to self-proteins known as citrullination. Citrullination is mediated by calcium-dependent peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) enzymes, which catalyze deimination, the conversion of arginine into the non-classical amino acid citrulline. PADs and citrullinated peptides have been associated with different autoimmune diseases, notably with a prominent role in the diagnosis and pathology of rheumatoid arthritis. More recently, an important role for PADs and citrullinated self-proteins has emerged in T1D. In this review we will provide a comprehensive overview on the pathogenic role for PADs and citrullination in inflammation and autoimmunity, with specific focus on evidence for their role in T1D. The general role of PADs in epigenetic and transcriptional processes, as well as their crucial role in histone citrullination, neutrophil biology and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation will be discussed. The latter is important in view of increasing evidence for a role of neutrophils and NETosis in the pathogenesis of T1D. Further, we will discuss the underlying processes leading to citrullination, the genetic susceptibility factors for increased recognition of citrullinated epitopes by T1D HLA-susceptibility types and provide an overview of reported autoreactive responses against citrullinated epitopes, both of T cells and autoantibodies in T1D patients. Finally, we will discuss recent observations obtained in NOD mice, pointing to prevention of diabetes development through PAD inhibition, and the potential role of PAD inhibitors as novel therapeutic strategy in autoimmunity and in T1D in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Yang
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Fernanda M C Sodré
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mark J Mamula
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Lut Overbergh
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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58
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Chirivi RGS, van Rosmalen JWG, van der Linden M, Euler M, Schmets G, Bogatkevich G, Kambas K, Hahn J, Braster Q, Soehnlein O, Hoffmann MH, Es HHGV, Raats JMH. Therapeutic ACPA inhibits NET formation: a potential therapy for neutrophil-mediated inflammatory diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:1528-1544. [PMID: 32203195 PMCID: PMC8166830 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is associated with disease severity and contributes to tissue injury, followed by severe organ damage. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of NET release reduces pathology in multiple inflammatory disease models, indicating that NETs are potential therapeutic targets. Here, we demonstrate using a preclinical basket approach that our therapeutic anti-citrullinated protein antibody (tACPA) has broad therapeutic potential. Treatment with tACPA prevents disease symptoms in various mouse models with plausible NET-mediated pathology, including inflammatory arthritis (IA), pulmonary fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease and sepsis. We show that citrulline residues in the N-termini of histones 2A and 4 are specific targets for therapeutic intervention, whereas antibodies against other N-terminal post-translational histone modifications have no therapeutic effects. Because citrullinated histones are generated during NET release, we investigated the ability of tACPA to inhibit NET formation. tACPA suppressed NET release from human neutrophils triggered with physiologically relevant human disease-related stimuli. Moreover, tACPA diminished NET release and potentially initiated NET uptake by macrophages in vivo, which was associated with reduced tissue damage in the joints of a chronic arthritis mouse model of IA. To our knowledge, we are the first to describe an antibody with NET-inhibiting properties and thereby propose tACPA as a drug candidate for NET-mediated inflammatory diseases, as it eliminates the noxious triggers that lead to continued inflammation and tissue damage in a multidimensional manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato G S Chirivi
- ModiQuest B.V., Oss, The Netherlands.
- Citryll B.V., Oss, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | - Maximilien Euler
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Galina Bogatkevich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Konstantinos Kambas
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupoli, Greece
| | - Jonas Hahn
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Quinte Braster
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus H Hoffmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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59
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Chaerkady R, Zhou Y, Delmar JA, Weng SHS, Wang J, Awasthi S, Sims D, Bowen MA, Yu W, Cazares LH, Sims GP, Hess S. Characterization of Citrullination Sites in Neutrophils and Mast Cells Activated by Ionomycin via Integration of Mass Spectrometry and Machine Learning. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3150-3164. [PMID: 34008986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Citrullination is an important post-translational modification implicated in many diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Alzheimer's disease, and cancer. Neutrophil and mast cells have different expression profiles for protein-arginine deiminases (PADs), and ionomycin-induced activation makes them an ideal cellular model to study proteins susceptible to citrullination. We performed high-resolution mass spectrometry and stringent data filtration to identify citrullination sites in neutrophil and mast cells treated with and without ionomycin. We identified a total of 833 validated citrullination sites on 395 proteins. Several of these citrullinated proteins are important components of pathways involved in innate immune responses. Using this benchmark primary sequence data set, we developed machine learning models to predict citrullination in neutrophil and mast cell proteins. We show that our models predict citrullination likelihood with 0.735 and 0.766 AUCs (area under the receiver operating characteristic curves), respectively, on independent validation sets. In summary, this study provides the largest number of validated citrullination sites in neutrophil and mast cell proteins. The use of our novel motif analysis approach to predict citrullination sites will facilitate the discovery of novel protein substrates of protein-arginine deiminases (PADs), which may be key to understanding immunopathologies of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael A Bowen
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering (ADPE), R&D AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
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Ansari J, Senchenkova EY, Vital SA, Al-Yafeai Z, Kaur G, Sparkenbaugh EM, Orr AW, Pawlinski R, Hebbel RP, Granger DN, Kubes P, Gavins FNE. Targeting the AnxA1/Fpr2/ALX pathway regulates neutrophil function, promoting thromboinflammation resolution in sickle cell disease. Blood 2021; 137:1538-1549. [PMID: 33512489 PMCID: PMC7976506 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020009166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils play a crucial role in the intertwined processes of thrombosis and inflammation. An altered neutrophil phenotype may contribute to inadequate resolution, which is known to be a major pathophysiological contributor of thromboinflammatory conditions such as sickle cell disease (SCD). The endogenous protein annexin A1 (AnxA1) facilitates inflammation resolution via formyl peptide receptors (FPRs). We sought to comprehensively elucidate the functional significance of targeting the neutrophil-dependent AnxA1/FPR2/ALX pathway in SCD. Administration of AnxA1 mimetic peptide AnxA1Ac2-26 ameliorated cerebral thrombotic responses in Sickle transgenic mice via regulation of the FPR2/ALX (a fundamental receptor involved in resolution) pathway. We found direct evidence that neutrophils with SCD phenotype play a key role in contributing to thromboinflammation. In addition, AnxA1Ac2-26 regulated activated SCD neutrophils through protein kinase B (Akt) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) to enable resolution. We present compelling conceptual evidence that targeting the AnxA1/FPR2/ALX pathway may provide new therapeutic possibilities against thromboinflammatory conditions such as SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Ansari
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology
- Department of Neurology, and
| | | | | | - Zaki Al-Yafeai
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
| | | | - Erica M Sparkenbaugh
- UNC Blood Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - A Wayne Orr
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
| | - Rafal Pawlinski
- UNC Blood Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Robert P Hebbel
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Paul Kubes
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; and
| | - Felicity N E Gavins
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology
- Department of Neurology, and
- Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, United Kingdom
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61
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Giles JT, Reinholdt J, Andrade F, Konig MF. Associations of Antibodies Targeting Periodontal Pathogens With Subclinical Coronary, Carotid, and Peripheral Arterial Atherosclerosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 73:568-575. [PMID: 33205531 DOI: 10.1002/art.41572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Both periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are overrepresented in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study was undertaken to investigate the contribution of periodontal pathogens to CVD in RA. METHODS RA patients underwent assessments of coronary artery calcification (CAC), carotid intima-media thickness and plaque, and ankle-brachial index via computed tomography, ultrasound, and Doppler ultrasound, respectively. Sera were assayed for antibodies targeting Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotype B (Aa), and Aa-derived leukotoxin A (LtxA). Associations of antibodies against these periodontal pathogens with measures of atherosclerosis were explored using generalized linear models. RESULTS Among 197 RA patients, anti-Pg was detected in 72 patients (37%), anti-Aa in 41 patients (21%), and anti-LtxA in 84 patients (43%). Adjusting for relevant confounders and reported tooth loss, the mean CAC score was 90% higher in those with anti-Aa and/or anti-LtxA compared with those without either antibody (19 units versus 10 units; P = 0.033). The adjusted odds of CAC ≥100 units were 2.23-fold higher in those with anti-Aa and/or anti-LtxA compared with those without either antibody (P = 0.040). Anti-Aa and/or anti-LtxA seropositivity was significantly associated with all other assessed measures of atherosclerosis except carotid plaque. Anti-Pg was not associated with any measure of atherosclerosis. Higher swollen joint count was associated with CAC exclusively in the group with anti-Aa and/or anti-LtxA. CONCLUSION Immunoreactivity against Aa and/or its major virulence factor LtxA was associated with atherosclerosis in multiple vascular beds of RA patients and amplified the effect of swollen joints on coronary atherosclerosis, suggesting a role for treatment/prevention of periodontal disease in the prevention of CVD in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon T Giles
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
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Seridi L, Cesaroni M, Orillion A, Schreiter J, Chevrier M, Marciniak S, Migone TS, Stohl W, Chatham WW, Furie RA, Benson J, Jordan J. Novel signatures associated with systemic lupus erythematosus clinical response to IFN-α/-ω inhibition. Lupus 2021; 30:795-806. [PMID: 33626969 DOI: 10.1177/0961203321995576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify transcriptional gene signatures predictive of clinical response, for pharmacodynamic evaluation, and to provide mechanistic insight into JNJ-55920839, a human IgG1κ neutralizing mAb targeting IFN-α/IFN-ω, in participants with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS Blood samples were obtained from SLE participants at baseline and up to Day 130, who received six 10 mg/kg IV doses of JNJ-55920839/placebo every 2 weeks. Participants with mild-to-moderate SLE who achieved clinical responses using SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 Responder Index 4-point change were considered responders. Transcriptional signatures from longitudinally collected blood were generated by RNA-Seq; signatures were generated by microarray from baseline blood samples exposed in vitro to JNJ-55920839 versus untreated. RESULTS Two gene signatures (IFN-I Signaling and Immunoglobulin Immune Response) exhibited pharmacodynamic changes among JNJ-55920839 responders. The Immunoglobulin signature, but not the IFN-I signature, was elevated at baseline in JNJ-55920839 responders. A gene cluster associated with neutrophil-mediated immunity was reduced at baseline in JNJ-55920839 responders, substantiated by lower neutrophil counts in responders. An IFN-I signature was suppressed by JNJ-55920839 in vitro treatment versus untreated blood to a greater extent in responders before in vivo dosing. CONCLUSIONS These signatures may enable enrichment for treatment responders when using IFN-I-suppressing treatments in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loqmane Seridi
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Springhouse, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Marc Chevrier
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Springhouse, PA, USA
| | | | | | - William Stohl
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Richard Alan Furie
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, Long Island, NY, USA
| | | | - Jarrat Jordan
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Cambridge, MA, USA
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63
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Wu CY, Yang HY, Luo SF, Lai JH. From Rheumatoid Factor to Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies and Anti-Carbamylated Protein Antibodies for Diagnosis and Prognosis Prediction in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020686. [PMID: 33445768 PMCID: PMC7828258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease mainly involving synovial inflammation and articular bone destruction. RA is a heterogeneous disease with diverse clinical presentations, prognoses and therapeutic responses. Following the first discovery of rheumatoid factors (RFs) 80 years ago, the identification of both anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) and anti-carbamylated protein antibodies (anti-CarP Abs) has greatly facilitated approaches toward RA, especially in the fields of early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of the disease. Although these antibodies share many common features and can function synergistically to promote disease progression, they differ mechanistically and have unique clinical relevance. Specifically, these three RA associating auto-antibodies (autoAbs) all precede the development of RA by years. However, while the current evidence suggests a synergic effect of RF and ACPA in predicting the development of RA and an erosive phenotype, controversies exist regarding the additive value of anti-CarP Abs. In the present review, we critically summarize the characteristics of these autoantibodies and focus on their distinct clinical applications in the early identification, clinical manifestations and prognosis prediction of RA. With the advancement of treatment options in the era of biologics, we also discuss the relevance of these autoantibodies in association with RA patient response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yi Wu
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan;
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Huang-Yu Yang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Shue-Fen Luo
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Jenn-Haung Lai
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-8791-8382; Fax: +886-2-8791-8382
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64
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Urban CF, Backman E. Eradicating, retaining, balancing, swarming, shuttling and dumping: a myriad of tasks for neutrophils during fungal infection. Curr Opin Microbiol 2020; 58:106-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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65
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Mazzoleni V, Zimmermann K, Smirnova A, Tarassov I, Prévost G. Staphylococcus aureus Panton-Valentine Leukocidin triggers an alternative NETosis process targeting mitochondria. FASEB J 2020; 35:e21167. [PMID: 33241563 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902981r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) is a bicomponent leukotoxin produced by 3%-10% of clinical Staphylococcus aureus (SA) strains involved in the severity of hospital and community-acquired infections. Although PVL was long known as a pore-forming toxin, recent studies have challenged the formation of a pore at the plasma membrane, while its endocytosis and the exact mode of action remain to be defined. In vitro immunolabeling of human neutrophils shows that Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETosis) is triggered by the action of purified PVL, but not by Gamma hemolysin CB (HlgCB), a structurally similar SA leukotoxin. PVL causes the ejection of chromatin fibers (NETs) decorated with antibacterial peptides independently of the NADPH oxidase oxidative burst. Leukotoxin partially colocalizes with mitochondria and enhances the production of reactive oxygen species from these organelles, while showing an increased autophagy, which results unnecessary for NETs ejection. PVL NETosis is elicited through Ca2+ -activated SK channels and Myeloperoxidase activity but is abolished by Allopurinol pretreatment of neutrophils. Moreover, massive citrullination of the histone H3 is performed by peptidyl arginine deiminases. Inhibition of this latter enzymes fails to abolish NET extrusion. Unexpectedly, PVL NETosis does not seem to involve Src kinases, which is the main kinase family activated downstream the binding of PVL F subunit to CD45 receptor, while the specific kinase pathway differs from the NADPH oxidase-dependent NETosis. PVL alone causes a different and specific form of NETosis that may rather represent a bacterial strategy conceived to disarm and disrupt the immune response, eventually allowing SA to spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Mazzoleni
- University of Strasbourg, CHRU Strasbourg, ITI InnoVec, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, UR7290, Institut de Bactériologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Kiran Zimmermann
- University of Strasbourg, CHRU Strasbourg, ITI InnoVec, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, UR7290, Institut de Bactériologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anna Smirnova
- UMR 7156 GMGM Strasbourg University/CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ivan Tarassov
- UMR 7156 GMGM Strasbourg University/CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gilles Prévost
- University of Strasbourg, CHRU Strasbourg, ITI InnoVec, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, UR7290, Institut de Bactériologie, Strasbourg, France
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66
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Briot J, Simon M, Méchin MC. Deimination, Intermediate Filaments and Associated Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8746. [PMID: 33228136 PMCID: PMC7699402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Deimination (or citrullination) is a post-translational modification catalyzed by a calcium-dependent enzyme family of five peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs). Deimination is involved in physiological processes (cell differentiation, embryogenesis, innate and adaptive immunity, etc.) and in autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and lupus), cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. Intermediate filaments (IF) and associated proteins (IFAP) are major substrates of PADs. Here, we focus on the effects of deimination on the polymerization and solubility properties of IF proteins and on the proteolysis and cross-linking of IFAP, to finally expose some features of interest and some limitations of citrullinomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marie-Claire Méchin
- UDEAR, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, U1056, 31059 Toulouse, France; (J.B.); (M.S.)
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67
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Alhede M, Alhede M, Qvortrup K, Kragh KN, Jensen PØ, Stewart PS, Bjarnsholt T. The origin of extracellular DNA in bacterial biofilm infections in vivo. Pathog Dis 2020; 78:5810662. [PMID: 32196074 PMCID: PMC7150582 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftaa018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular DNA (eDNA) plays an important role in both the aggregation of bacteria and in the interaction of the resulting biofilms with polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) during an inflammatory response. Here, transmission electron and confocal scanning laser microscopy were used to examine the interaction between biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and PMNs in a murine implant model and in lung tissue from chronically infected cystic fibrosis patients. PNA FISH, DNA staining, labeling of PMN DNA with a thymidine analogue and immunohistochemistry were applied to localize bacteria, eDNA, PMN-derived eDNA, PMN-derived histone H3 (H3), neutrophil elastase (NE) and citrullinated H3 (citH3). Host-derived eDNA was observed surrounding bacterial biofilms but not within the biofilms. H3 localized to the lining of biofilms while NE was found throughout biofilms. CitH3, a marker for neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was detected only sporadically indicating that most host-derived eDNA in vivo was not a result of NETosis. Together these observations show that, in these in vivo biofilm infections with P. aeruginosa, the majority of eDNA is found external to the biofilm and derives from the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alhede
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N., Denmark
| | - Morten Alhede
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N., Denmark
| | - Klaus Qvortrup
- CFIM/Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdmasvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N., Denmark
| | - Kasper Nørskov Kragh
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N., Denmark
| | - Peter Østrup Jensen
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N., Denmark.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, H:S Rigshospitalet, Juliane Maries Vej 22, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø., Denmark
| | - Philip Shook Stewart
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, 366 Barnard Hall, P.O. Box 173980, Bozeman, MT 59717-3980, USA
| | - Thomas Bjarnsholt
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N., Denmark.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, H:S Rigshospitalet, Juliane Maries Vej 22, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø., Denmark
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68
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Boon L, Ugarte-Berzal E, Martens E, Fiten P, Vandooren J, Janssens R, Blanter M, Yu K, Boon M, Struyf S, Proost P, Opdenakker G. Citrullination as a novel posttranslational modification of matrix metalloproteinases. Matrix Biol 2020; 95:68-83. [PMID: 33157227 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes with critical roles in biology and pathology. Glycosylation, nitrosylation and proteolysis are known posttranslational modifications (PTMs) regulating intrinsically the activities of MMPs. We discovered MMP citrullination by peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADs) as a new PTM. Upon hypercitrullination, MMP-9 acquired a higher affinity for gelatin than control MMP-9. Furthermore, hypercitrullinated proMMP-9 was more efficiently activated by MMP-3 compared to control MMP-9. JNJ0966, a specific therapeutic inhibitor of MMP-9 activation, inhibited the activation of hypercitrullinated proMMP-9 by MMP-3 significantly less in comparison with control proMMP-9. The presence of citrullinated/homocitrullinated MMP-9 was detected in vivo in neutrophil-rich sputum samples of cystic fibrosis patients. In addition to citrullination of MMP-9, we report efficient citrullination of MMP-1 and lower citrullination levels of MMP-3 and MMP-13 by PAD2 in vitro. In conclusion, citrullination of MMPs is a new PTM worthy of additional biochemical and biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Boon
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 1044, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Estefania Ugarte-Berzal
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 1044, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Erik Martens
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 1044, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Pierre Fiten
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 1044, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jennifer Vandooren
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 1044, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Rik Janssens
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Marfa Blanter
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Karen Yu
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Mieke Boon
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Sofie Struyf
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 1044, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
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Stromal Cells Covering Omental Fat-Associated Lymphoid Clusters Trigger Formation of Neutrophil Aggregates to Capture Peritoneal Contaminants. Immunity 2020; 52:700-715.e6. [PMID: 32294409 PMCID: PMC7156918 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The omentum is a visceral adipose tissue rich in fat-associated lymphoid clusters (FALCs) that collects peritoneal contaminants and provides a first layer of immunological defense within the abdomen. Here, we investigated the mechanisms that mediate the capture of peritoneal contaminants during peritonitis. Single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial analysis of omental stromal cells revealed that the surface of FALCs were covered by CXCL1+ mesothelial cells, which we termed FALC cover cells. Blockade of CXCL1 inhibited the recruitment and aggregation of neutrophils at FALCs during zymosan-induced peritonitis. Inhibition of protein arginine deiminase 4, an enzyme important for the release of neutrophil extracellular traps, abolished neutrophil aggregation and the capture of peritoneal contaminants by omental FALCs. Analysis of omental samples from patients with acute appendicitis confirmed neutrophil recruitment and bacterial capture at FALCs. Thus, specialized omental mesothelial cells coordinate the recruitment and aggregation of neutrophils to capture peritoneal contaminants.
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70
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Rosazza T, Warner J, Sollberger G. NET formation - mechanisms and how they relate to other cell death pathways. FEBS J 2020; 288:3334-3350. [PMID: 33047496 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell death is an integral part of both infectious and sterile inflammatory reactions. Many cell death pathways cause the dying cell to lyse, thereby amplifying inflammation. A special form of lytic cell death is the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), large structures of chromatin and antimicrobial proteins, which are released by dying neutrophils to capture extracellular pathogens and limit the spread of infections. The molecular mechanisms of NET formation remain incompletely understood. Recent research demonstrated substantial crosstalk between different cell death pathways, most notably between apoptosis, pyroptosis and necroptosis. Here, we review suicidal and vital NET formation and discuss potential crosstalk of their mechanisms of release with other forms of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Rosazza
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Jordan Warner
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Gabriel Sollberger
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, UK
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71
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Hoste E, Maueröder C, van Hove L, Catrysse L, Vikkula HK, Sze M, Maes B, Karjosukarso D, Martens L, Gonçalves A, Parthoens E, Roelandt R, Declercq W, Fuentes I, Palisson F, Gonzalez S, Salas-Alanis JC, Boon L, Huebener P, Mulder KW, Ravichandran K, Saeys Y, Schwabe RF, van Loo G. Epithelial HMGB1 Delays Skin Wound Healing and Drives Tumor Initiation by Priming Neutrophils for NET Formation. Cell Rep 2020; 29:2689-2701.e4. [PMID: 31775038 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative responses predispose tissues to tumor formation by largely unknown mechanisms. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a danger-associated molecular pattern contributing to inflammatory pathologies. We show that HMGB1 derived from keratinocytes, but not myeloid cells, delays cutaneous wound healing and drives tumor formation. In wounds of mice lacking HMGB1 selectively in keratinocytes, a marked reduction in neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation is observed. Pharmacological targeting of HMGB1 or NETs prevents skin tumorigenesis and accelerates wound regeneration. HMGB1-dependent NET formation and skin tumorigenesis is orchestrated by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and requires RIPK1 kinase activity. NETs are present in the microenvironment of keratinocyte-derived tumors in mice and lesional and tumor skin of patients suffering from recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, a disease in which skin blistering predisposes to tumorigenesis. We conclude that tumorigenicity of the wound microenvironment depends on epithelial-derived HMGB1 regulating NET formation, thereby establishing a mechanism linking reparative inflammation to tumor initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Hoste
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Christian Maueröder
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lisette van Hove
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leen Catrysse
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hanna-Kaisa Vikkula
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mozes Sze
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bastiaan Maes
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dyah Karjosukarso
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Liesbet Martens
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amanda Gonçalves
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Bio-Imaging Core, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eef Parthoens
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Bio-Imaging Core, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ria Roelandt
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Declercq
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ignacia Fuentes
- Fundación DEBRA Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Genetica y Genomica, Clinica Allemana, Universidad de Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francis Palisson
- Fundación DEBRA Chile, Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Gonzalez
- Departemento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Louis Boon
- Bioceros, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Huebener
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaas Willem Mulder
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Kodi Ravichandran
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yvan Saeys
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Sciences and Statistics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Geert van Loo
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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Song S, Gui L, Feng Q, Taledaohan A, Li Y, Wang W, Wang Y, Wang Y. TAT-Modified Gold Nanoparticles Enhance the Antitumor Activity of PAD4 Inhibitors. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:6659-6671. [PMID: 32982225 PMCID: PMC7490092 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s255546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Histone citrullination by peptidylarginine deiminases 4 (PAD4) regulates the gene expression of tumor suppressor. In our previously study, YW3-56 (356) was developed as a potent PAD4 inhibitor for cancer therapy with novel function in the autophagy pathway. To enhance the antitumor activity, the PAD4 inhibitor 356 was modified by the well-established cationic penetrating peptide RKKRRQRRR (peptide TAT) and gold nanoparticles to obtain 356-TAT-AuNPs which could enhance the permeability of chemical drug in solid tumor. Methods 356-TAT-AuNPs were prepared, and their morphology were characterized. The antitumor activity of 356-TAT-AuNPs was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Results 356-TAT-AuNPs exhibited higher anticancer activity against HCT-116, MCF-7 and A549 cells than 356 and 356-AuNPs. Compared with 356 and 356-AuNPs, 356-TAT-AuNPs entered the cytoplasm and nuclear, exhibited stronger anticancer activity by increasing apoptosis, inducing autophagy and inhibiting of histone H3 citrullination, and in HCT-116 xenograft mouse model, 356-TAT-AuNPs could improve the antitumor activity. Conclusion The modified AuNPs with peptide TAT as drug delivery system are potent in delaying tumor growth and could be a powerful vehicle for profitable anticancer drug development. We believe that peptide TAT modification strategy may provide a simple and valuable method for improving antitumor activity of PAD4 inhibitors for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Gui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiqi Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Ayijiang Taledaohan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanming Li
- Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies Center, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yanming Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuji Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
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73
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Greaney AJ, Portley MK, O’Mard D, Crown D, Maier NK, Mendenhall MA, Mayer-Barber KD, Leppla SH, Moayeri M. Frontline Science: Anthrax lethal toxin-induced, NLRP1-mediated IL-1β release is a neutrophil and PAD4-dependent event. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:773-786. [PMID: 32421904 PMCID: PMC11062252 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4hi0320-028r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthrax lethal toxin (LT) is a protease that activates the NLRP1b inflammasome sensor in certain rodent strains. Unlike better-studied sensors, relatively little is known about the priming requirements for NLRP1b. In this study, we investigate the rapid and striking priming-independent LT-induced release of IL-1β in mice within hours of toxin challenge. We find IL-1β release to be a NLRP1b- and caspase-1-dependent, NLRP3 and caspase-11-independent event that requires both neutrophils and peptidyl arginine deiminiase-4 (PAD4) activity. The simultaneous LT-induced IL-18 response is neutrophil-independent. Bone marrow reconstitution experiments in mice show toxin-induced IL-1β originates from hematopoietic cells. LT treatment of neutrophils in vitro did not induce IL-1β, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), or pyroptosis. Although platelets interact closely with neutrophils and are also a potential source of IL-1β, they were unable to bind or endocytose LT and did not secrete IL-1β in response to the toxin. LT-treated mice had higher levels of cell-free DNA and HMGB1 in circulation than PBS-treated controls, and treatment of mice with recombinant DNase reduced the neutrophil- and NLRP1-dependent IL-1β release. DNA sensor AIM2 deficiency, however, did not impact IL-1β release. These data, in combination with the findings on PAD4, suggest a possible role for in vivo NETs or cell-free DNA in cytokine induction in response to LT challenge. Our findings suggest a complex interaction of events and/or mediators in LT-treated mice with the neutrophil as a central player in induction of a profound and rapid inflammatory response to toxin.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/deficiency
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/physiology
- Animals
- Anthrax/immunology
- Antigens, Bacterial/pharmacology
- Antigens, Bacterial/toxicity
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/deficiency
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/physiology
- Bacillus anthracis/pathogenicity
- Bacillus anthracis/physiology
- Bacterial Toxins/pharmacology
- Bacterial Toxins/toxicity
- Extracellular Traps/physiology
- Inflammasomes/physiology
- Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Congenic
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Monocytes/drug effects
- Monocytes/physiology
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/deficiency
- Neutrophils/drug effects
- Neutrophils/metabolism
- Protein-Arginine Deiminase Type 4/deficiency
- Protein-Arginine Deiminase Type 4/physiology
- Pyroptosis/drug effects
- Radiation Chimera
- Species Specificity
- Spores, Bacterial
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J. Greaney
- Microbial Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Makayla K. Portley
- Microbial Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Danielle O’Mard
- Microbial Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Devorah Crown
- Microbial Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nolan K. Maier
- Microbial Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Megan A. Mendenhall
- Microbial Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Katrin D. Mayer-Barber
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen H. Leppla
- Microbial Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mahtab Moayeri
- Microbial Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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74
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Yang SK, Zhang HR, Shi SP, Zhu YQ, Song N, Dai Q, Zhang W, Gui M, Zhang H. The Role of Mitochondria in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Glimpse of Various Pathogenetic Mechanisms. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:3346-3361. [PMID: 30479205 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666181126165139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a polysystem autoimmune disease that adversely affects human health. Various organs can be affected, including the kidney or brain. Traditional treatment methods for SLE primarily rely on glucocorticoids and immunosuppressors. Unfortunately, these therapeutic agents cannot prevent a high recurrence rate after SLE remission. Therefore, novel therapeutic targets are urgently required. METHODS A systematic search of the published literature regarding the abnormal structure and function of mitochondria in SLE and therapies targeting mitochondria was performed in several databases. RESULTS Accumulating evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction plays important roles in the pathogenesis of SLE, including influencing mitochondrial DNA damage, mitochondrial dynamics change, abnormal mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism, mitophagy, oxidative stress, inflammatory reactions, apoptosis and NETosis. Further investigation of mitochondrial pathophysiological roles will result in further clarification of SLE. Specific lupus-induced organ damage also exhibits characteristic mitochondrial changes. CONCLUSION This review aimed to summarize the current research on the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in SLE, which will necessarily provide potential novel therapeutic targets for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Kun Yang
- Department of Nephrology and rheumatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao-Ran Zhang
- Department of Nephrology and rheumatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shu-Peng Shi
- Department of Nephrology and rheumatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying-Qiu Zhu
- Department of Nephrology and rheumatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Na Song
- Department of Nephrology and rheumatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qing Dai
- Department of Nephrology and rheumatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology and rheumatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Gui
- Department of Nephrology and rheumatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology and rheumatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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75
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Manda-Handzlik A, Bystrzycka W, Cieloch A, Glodkowska-Mrowka E, Jankowska-Steifer E, Heropolitanska-Pliszka E, Skrobot A, Muchowicz A, Ciepiela O, Wachowska M, Demkow U. Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite trigger and enhance release of neutrophil extracellular traps. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3059-3075. [PMID: 31650185 PMCID: PMC7366602 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite great interest, the mechanism of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) release is not fully understood and some aspects of this process, e.g. the role of reactive nitrogen species (RNS), still remain unclear. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the mechanisms underlying RNS-induced formation of NETs and contribution of RNS to NETs release triggered by various physiological and synthetic stimuli. The involvement of RNS in NETs formation was studied in primary human neutrophils and differentiated human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60 cells). RNS (peroxynitrite and nitric oxide) efficiently induced NETs release and potentiated NETs-inducing properties of platelet activating factor and lipopolysaccharide. RNS-induced NETs formation was independent of autophagy and histone citrullination, but dependent on the activity of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) and myeloperoxidase, as well as selective degradation of histones H2A and H2B by neutrophil elastase. Additionally, NADPH oxidase activity was required to release NETs upon stimulation with NO, as shown in NADPH-deficient neutrophils isolated from patients with chronic granulomatous disease. The role of RNS was further supported by increased RNS synthesis upon stimulation of NETs release with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and calcium ionophore A23187. Scavenging or inhibition of RNS formation diminished NETs release triggered by these stimuli while scavenging of peroxynitrite inhibited NO-induced NETs formation. Our data suggest that RNS may act as mediators and inducers of NETs release. These processes are PI3K-dependent and ROS-dependent. Since inflammatory reactions are often accompanied by nitrosative stress and NETs formation, our studies shed a new light on possible mechanisms engaged in various immune-mediated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Manda-Handzlik
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 63a Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61 Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Weronika Bystrzycka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 63a Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61 Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrianna Cieloch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 63a Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eliza Glodkowska-Mrowka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 63a Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
- The Finsen Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloesvej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloesvej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloesvej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biology, The Bioinformatics Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloesvej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ewa Jankowska-Steifer
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5 Street, 02-004, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Heropolitanska-Pliszka
- Department of Immunology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Skrobot
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 63a Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Angelika Muchowicz
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Jana Nielubowicza 5 Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Ciepiela
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Wachowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 63a Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Urszula Demkow
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 63a Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
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76
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Petrozziello T, Mills AN, Vaine CA, Penney EB, Fernandez-Cerado C, Legarda GPA, Velasco-Andrada MS, Acuña PJ, Ang MA, Muñoz EL, Diesta CCE, Macalintal-Canlas R, Acuña-Sunshine G, Ozelius LJ, Sharma N, Bragg DC, Sadri-Vakili G. Neuroinflammation and histone H3 citrullination are increased in X-linked Dystonia Parkinsonism post-mortem prefrontal cortex. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 144:105032. [PMID: 32739252 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a pathogenic role in neurodegenerative diseases and recent findings suggest that it may also be involved in X-linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism (XDP) pathogenesis. Previously, fibroblasts and neuronal stem cells derived from XDP patients demonstrated hypersensitivity to TNF-α, dysregulation in NFκB signaling, and an increase in several pro-inflammatory markers. However, the role of inflammatory processes in XDP patient brain remains unknown. Here we demonstrate that there is a significant increase in astrogliosis and microgliosis in human post-mortem XDP prefrontal cortex (PFC) compared to control. Furthermore, there is a significant increase in histone H3 citrullination (H3R2R8R17cit3) with a concomitant increase in peptidylarginine deaminase 2 (PAD2) and 4 (PAD4), the enzymes catalyzing citrullination, in XDP post-mortem PFC. While there is a significant increase in myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels in XDP PFC, neutrophil elastase (NE) levels are not altered, suggesting that MPO may be released by activated microglia or reactive astrocytes in the brain. Similarly, there was an increase in H3R2R8R17cit3, PAD2 and PAD4 levels in XDP-derived fibroblasts. Importantly, treatment of fibroblasts with Cl-amidine, a pan inhibitor of PAD enzymes, reduced histone H3 citrullination and pro-inflammatory chemokine expression, without affecting cell survival. Taken together, our results demonstrate that inflammation is increased in XDP post-mortem brain and fibroblasts and unveil a new epigenetic potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Petrozziello
- NeuroEpigenetics Laboratory, Healey Center for ALS at Mass General, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, United States of America
| | - Alexandra N Mills
- NeuroEpigenetics Laboratory, Healey Center for ALS at Mass General, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, United States of America
| | - Christine A Vaine
- The Collaborative Center for X-linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, United States of America
| | - Ellen B Penney
- The Collaborative Center for X-linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Patrick J Acuña
- The Collaborative Center for X-linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, United States of America; Sunshine Care Foundation, Roxas City, 5800, Capiz, Philippines
| | - Mark A Ang
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Edwin L Muñoz
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | - Geraldine Acuña-Sunshine
- The Collaborative Center for X-linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, United States of America; Sunshine Care Foundation, Roxas City, 5800, Capiz, Philippines
| | - Laurie J Ozelius
- The Collaborative Center for X-linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, United States of America
| | - Nutan Sharma
- The Collaborative Center for X-linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, United States of America
| | - D Cristopher Bragg
- The Collaborative Center for X-linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, United States of America
| | - Ghazaleh Sadri-Vakili
- NeuroEpigenetics Laboratory, Healey Center for ALS at Mass General, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, United States of America.
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77
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Lichota A, Gwozdzinski K, Szewczyk EM. Microbial Modulation of Coagulation Disorders in Venous Thromboembolism. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:387-400. [PMID: 32801832 PMCID: PMC7406375 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s258839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is the third leading cause of cardiovascular death in the world. Important risk factors of thrombosis include bed restraint, surgery, major trauma, long journeys, inflammation, pregnancy, and oral contraceptives, previous venous thromboembolism, cancer, and bacterial infections. Sepsis increases the risk of blood clot formation 2–20 times. In this review, we discussed various mechanisms related to the role of bacteria in venous thrombosis also taking into consideration the role of the human microbiome. Many known bacteria, such as Helicobacter pylori, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, causing infections may increase the risk of thrombotic complications through platelet activation or may lead to an inflammatory reaction involving the fibrinolytic system. Additionally, the bacteria participate in the production of factors causing or increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. An example can be trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) but also uremic toxins (indoxyl sulfate), short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) phytoestrogens, and bile acids. Finally, we presented the involvement of many bacteria in the development of venous thromboembolism and other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lichota
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gwozdzinski
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Eligia M Szewczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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78
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Locke M, Francis RJ, Tsaousi E, Longstaff C. Fibrinogen protects neutrophils from the cytotoxic effects of histones and delays neutrophil extracellular trap formation induced by ionomycin. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11694. [PMID: 32678135 PMCID: PMC7366688 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68584-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are pivotal players in immune defence which includes a process of release of histones and DNA as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Histones, while toxic to invading pathogens, also kill host cells, including neutrophils. Bacteria have evolved mechanisms to escape neutrophils, including the secretion of leucocidins (e.g. ionomycin). Live cell video microscopy showed how fibrinogen and fibrin influence NETosis and neutrophil responses to extracellular histones. Histones were rapidly lethal to neutrophils after binding to cells, but formation of fibrinogen/fibrin-histone aggregates prevented cell death. Histone cytotoxicity was also reduced by citrullination by peptidyl arginine deiminase 4, or digestion by serine proteases. Ionomycin and phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate (PMA) are used to trigger NETosis. Fibrinogen was responsible for a second distinct mechanism of neutrophil protection after treatment with ionomycin. Fibrinogen clustered on the surface of ionomycin-stimulated neutrophils to delay NETosis; and blocking the β integrin receptor, αMβ2, abolished fibrinogen protection. Fibrinogen did not bind to or protect neutrophils stimulated with PMA. Fibrinogen is an acute phase protein that will protect exposed cells from damaging circulating histones or leucocidins; but fibrinogen depletion/consumption, as in trauma or sepsis will reduce protection. It is necessary to consider the role of fibrinogen in NETosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Locke
- Biotherapeutics, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, S Mimms, Herts, UK
| | - Robert J Francis
- Biological Imaging Group, Analytical Biological Sciences, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, S Mimms, Herts, UK
| | - Evgenia Tsaousi
- Biotherapeutics, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, S Mimms, Herts, UK.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Colin Longstaff
- Biotherapeutics, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, S Mimms, Herts, UK.
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79
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Burgener SS, Schroder K. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Host Defense. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a037028. [PMID: 31767647 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are produced in the bone marrow and then patrol blood vessels from which they can be rapidly recruited to a site of infection. Neutrophils bind, engulf, and efficiently kill invading microbes via a suite of defense mechanisms. Diverse extracellular and intracellular microbes induce neutrophils to extrude neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) through the process of NETosis. Here, we review the signaling mechanisms and cell biology underpinning the key NETosis pathways during infection and the antimicrobial functions of NETs in host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Sofia Burgener
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), and IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Kate Schroder
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), and IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia
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80
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Exposure to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans before Symptom Onset and the Risk of Evolving to Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061906. [PMID: 32570853 PMCID: PMC7357066 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease has been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disease characterized by immune-mediated synovial damage, and antibodies to citrullinated antigens. Here, we investigate the association between exposure to the periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) and the development of RA. IgM, IgG and IgA antibodies to Aa leukotoxin A (LtxA) were detected by ELISA in plasma from a cohort of Swedish adults at different stages of RA development, from before onset of symptoms to established disease. Patients with early and established RA had increased levels of anti-LtxA IgM compared with matched non-RA controls and periodontally healthy individuals. Logistic regression revealed that anti-LtxA IgM levels were associated with RA during early disease (OR 1.012, 95%CI 1.007, 1.017), which was maintained after adjustment for smoking, anti-CCP antibodies, rheumatoid factor, HLA-DRB1 shared epitope alleles and sex. We found no association between anti-LtxA IgG/IgA antibodies and RA at any stage of disease development. The data support a temporal association between anti-LtxA IgM antibodies and the development of RA, suggesting that a subset of RA patients may have been exposed to Aa around the time of transition from being asymptomatic to become a patient with RA.
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81
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DNA demethylation increases NETosis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 689:108465. [PMID: 32561201 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) occur during the development of autoimmune diseases, cancer and diabetes. A novel form of cell death that is induced by NETs is called NETosis. Although these diseases are known to have an epigenetic component, epigenetic regulation of NETosis has not previously been explored. In the present study, we investigated the effects of epigenetic change, especially DNA demethylation, on NETosis in neutrophil-like cells differentiated from HL-60 cells, which were incubated for 72 h in the presence of 1.25% DMSO. DMSO-differentiated neutrophil-like cells tended to have increased methylation of genomic DNA. NETosis in the neutrophil-like cells was induced by the treatment with A23187, calcium ionophore, and increased by the addition of the DNMT inhibitor 5-azacytidine (Aza) during differentiation. Interestingly, Aza-stimulated neutrophil-like cell induced NETosis without treatment with A23187. Although reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially superoxide and hypochlorous acid, are important in NETosis induction, treatment with Aza decreased production of ROS, while mitochondria ROS scavenger tended to decrease Aza-induced NETosis. Moreover, the genomic DNA in Aza-stimulated neutrophil-like cell was demethylated, and the expression of peptidylarginine deiminase4 (PAD4) and citrullinated histone H3 (R2+R8+R17) was increased, but myeloperoxidase expression was unaffected. Additionally, PAD4 inhibition tended to decrease Aza-induced NETosis. The DNA demethylation induced by the DNMT inhibitor in neutrophil-like cells enhanced spontaneous NETosis through increasing PAD4 expression and histone citrullination. This study establishes a relationship between NETosis and epigenetics for the first time, and indicates that various diseases implicated to have an epigenetic component might be exacerbated by excessive NETosis also under epigenetic control.
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82
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Li Y, Li M, Weigel B, Mall M, Werth VP, Liu ML. Nuclear envelope rupture and NET formation is driven by PKCα-mediated lamin B disassembly. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48779. [PMID: 32537912 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear lamina is essential for the structural integration of the nuclear envelope. Nuclear envelope rupture and chromatin externalization is a hallmark of the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NET release was described as a cellular lysis process; however, this notion has been questioned recently. Here, we report that during NET formation, nuclear lamin B is not fragmented by destructive proteolysis, but rather disassembled into intact full-length molecules. Furthermore, we demonstrate that nuclear translocation of PKCα, which serves as the kinase to induce lamin B phosphorylation and disassembly, results in nuclear envelope rupture. Decreasing lamin B phosphorylation by PKCα inhibition, genetic deletion, or by mutating the PKCα consensus sites on lamin B attenuates extracellular trap formation. In addition, strengthening the nuclear envelope by lamin B overexpression attenuates NET release in vivo and reduces levels of NET-associated inflammatory cytokines in UVB-irradiated skin of lamin B transgenic mice. Our findings advance the mechanistic understanding of NET formation by showing that PKCα-mediated lamin B phosphorylation drives nuclear envelope rupture for chromatin release in neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Li
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Minghui Li
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bettina Weigel
- Cell Fate Engineering and Disease Modeling Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.,HITBR Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany.,Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Moritz Mall
- Cell Fate Engineering and Disease Modeling Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.,HITBR Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany.,Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Victoria P Werth
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ming-Lin Liu
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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83
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Jung J, Lee JS, Kim YG, Lee CK, Yoo B, Shin EC, Hong S. Synovial fluid CD69 +CD8 + T cells with tissue-resident phenotype mediate perforin-dependent citrullination in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e1140. [PMID: 32528679 PMCID: PMC7280027 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Although the importance of tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells in organ-specific chronic inflammation has been recognised, little is known about their role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, we examined the characteristics of synovial fluid CD8+ T cells that express canonical TRM markers CD69 and CD103, and their role in the pathogenesis of RA. Methods Synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMCs) were obtained from patients with RA. Flow cytometric analysis of surface markers and cytotoxic molecules of CD8+ T cells was performed. TCR repertoire of CD8+ T cells was analysed by TCRVβ CDR3 sequencing. Citrullination with the formation of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining. Results The frequency of CD8+ T cells was increased in SFMCs, and these CD8+ T cells were primarily comprised of CD45RA- memory T cells expressing CD69 and/or CD103. CD69+CD8+ T cells exhibited TRM phenotypes, including upregulation of CXCR6, CD49a and CD101, and downregulation of S1PR1 and KLF2. TCR repertoire analysis showed that these cells were an oligoclonally expanded population with increased expression of cytotoxic molecules. The treatment of neutrophils with supernatant from IL-15-stimulated CD69+CD8+ T cells induced perforin-mediated histone citrullination and NET formation irrespective of their CD103 expression. The frequency of perforin-expressing cells among CD69+CD8+ T cells in SFMCs was significantly higher in patients with anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) than in those without ACPA. Conclusion CD69+CD8+ T cells in the SFMCs of RA patients exhibit TRM-like features. These cells may participate in the pathogenesis of RA via perforin-mediated citrullination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyung Jung
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Jung Sun Lee
- Division of Rheumatology Department of Internal Medicine Seoul Veterans Hospital Seoul Korea
| | - Yong-Gil Kim
- Division of Rheumatology Department of Internal Medicine Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Chang-Keun Lee
- Division of Rheumatology Department of Internal Medicine Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Bin Yoo
- Division of Rheumatology Department of Internal Medicine Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Seokchan Hong
- Division of Rheumatology Department of Internal Medicine Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Korea
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84
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Wu CY, Yang HY, Lai JH. Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Biological Effects and Mechanisms of Immunopathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114015. [PMID: 32512739 PMCID: PMC7312469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with high anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) titers have an increased risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although our knowledge of the generation and production of ACPAs has continuously advanced during the past decade, our understanding on the pathogenic mechanisms of how ACPAs interact with immune cells to trigger articular inflammation is relatively limited. Citrullination disorders drive the generation and maintenance of ACPAs, with profound clinical significance in patients with RA. The loss of tolerance to citrullinated proteins, however, is essential for ACPAs to exert their pathogenicity. N-linked glycosylation, cross-reactivity and the structural interactions of ACPAs with their citrullinated antigens further direct their biological functions. Although questions remain in the pathogenicity of ACPAs acting as agonists for a receptor-mediated response, immune complex (IC) formation, complement system activation, crystallizable fragment gamma receptor (FcγR) activation, cross-reactivity to joint cartilage and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)-related mechanisms have all been suggested recently. This paper presents a critical review of the characteristics and possible biological effects and mechanisms of the immunopathogenesis of ACPAs in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yi Wu
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Huang-Yu Yang
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Haung Lai
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-8791-8382; Fax: +886-2-8791-8382
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85
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Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps, or NETs, are heterogenous, filamentous structures which consist of extracellular DNA, granular proteins, and histones. NETs are extruded by a neutrophil in response to various stimuli. Although NETs were initially implicated in immune defense, subsequent studies have implicated NETs in a spectrum of disease processes, including autoimmune disease, thrombosis, and cancer. NETs also contribute to the pathogenesis of several common liver diseases, including alcohol-associated liver disease and portal hypertension. Although there is much interest in the therapeutic potential of NET inhibition, future clinical applications must be balanced against potential increased risk of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moira B. Hilscher
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Vijay H. Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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86
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Yousefi S, Simon D, Stojkov D, Karsonova A, Karaulov A, Simon HU. In vivo evidence for extracellular DNA trap formation. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:300. [PMID: 32355207 PMCID: PMC7193637 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2497-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular DNA trap formation is a cellular function of neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils that facilitates the immobilization and killing of invading microorganisms in the extracellular milieu. To form extracellular traps, granulocytes release a scaffold consisting of mitochondrial DNA in association with granule proteins. As we understand more about the molecular mechanism for the formation of extracellular DNA traps, the in vivo function of this phenomenon under pathological conditions remains an enigma. In this article, we critically review the literature to summarize the evidence for extracellular DNA trap formation under in vivo conditions. Extracellular DNA traps have not only been detected in infectious diseases but also in chronic inflammatory diseases, as well as in cancer. While on the one hand, extracellular DNA traps clearly exhibit an important function in host defense, it appears that they can also contribute to the maintenance of inflammation and metastasis, suggesting that they may represent an interesting drug target for such pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shida Yousefi
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dagmar Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Darko Stojkov
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Antonina Karsonova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.
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87
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Criscitiello MF, Kraev I, Petersen LH, Lange S. Deimination Protein Profiles in Alligator mississippiensis Reveal Plasma and Extracellular Vesicle-Specific Signatures Relating to Immunity, Metabolic Function, and Gene Regulation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:651. [PMID: 32411128 PMCID: PMC7198796 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alligators are crocodilians and among few species that endured the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event. With long life spans, low metabolic rates, unusual immunological characteristics, including strong antibacterial and antiviral ability, and cancer resistance, crocodilians may hold information for molecular pathways underlying such physiological traits. Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are a group of calcium-activated enzymes that cause posttranslational protein deimination/citrullination in a range of target proteins contributing to protein moonlighting functions in health and disease. PADs are phylogenetically conserved and are also a key regulator of extracellular vesicle (EV) release, a critical part of cellular communication. As little is known about PAD-mediated mechanisms in reptile immunology, this study was aimed at profiling EVs and protein deimination in Alligator mississippiensis. Alligator plasma EVs were found to be polydispersed in a 50-400-nm size range. Key immune, metabolic, and gene regulatory proteins were identified to be posttranslationally deiminated in plasma and plasma EVs, with some overlapping hits, while some were unique to either plasma or plasma EVs. In whole plasma, 112 target proteins were identified to be deiminated, while 77 proteins were found as deiminated protein hits in plasma EVs, whereof 31 were specific for EVs only, including proteins specific for gene regulatory functions (e.g., histones). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed KEGG pathways specific to deiminated proteins in whole plasma related to adipocytokine signaling, while KEGG pathways of deiminated proteins specific to EVs included ribosome, biosynthesis of amino acids, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways as well as core histones. This highlights roles for EV-mediated export of deiminated protein cargo with roles in metabolism and gene regulation, also related to cancer. The identification of posttranslational deimination and EV-mediated communication in alligator plasma revealed here contributes to current understanding of protein moonlighting functions and EV-mediated communication in these ancient reptiles, providing novel insight into their unusual immune systems and physiological traits. In addition, our findings may shed light on pathways underlying cancer resistance, antibacterial and antiviral resistance, with translatable value to human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F. Criscitiello
- Comparative Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Igor Kraev
- Electron Microscopy Suite, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Lene H. Petersen
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galvestone, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
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88
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Curran AM, Naik P, Giles JT, Darrah E. PAD enzymes in rheumatoid arthritis: pathogenic effectors and autoimmune targets. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2020; 16:301-315. [PMID: 32341463 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-020-0409-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) have an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) owing to their ability to generate citrullinated proteins - the hallmark autoantigens of RA. Of the five PAD enzyme isoforms, PAD2 and PAD4 are the most strongly implicated in RA at both genetic and cellular levels, and PAD inhibitors have shown therapeutic efficacy in mouse models of inflammatory arthritis. PAD2 and PAD4 are additionally targeted by autoantibodies in distinct clinical subsets of patients with RA, suggesting anti-PAD antibodies as possible biomarkers for RA diagnosis and prognosis. This Review weighs the evidence that supports a pathogenic role for PAD enzymes in RA as both promoters and targets of the autoimmune response, as well as discussing the mechanistic and therapeutic implications of these findings in the wider context of RA pathogenesis. Understanding the origin and consequences of dysregulated PAD enzyme activity and immune responses against PAD enzymes will be important to fully comprehend the pathogenic mechanisms involved in this disease and for the development of novel strategies to treat and prevent RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Curran
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pooja Naik
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jon T Giles
- Division of Rheumatology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erika Darrah
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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89
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Parackova Z, Zentsova I, Vrabcova P, Klocperk A, Sumnik Z, Pruhova S, Petruzelkova L, Hasler R, Sediva A. Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Induced Dendritic Cell Activation Leads to Th1 Polarization in Type 1 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2020; 11:661. [PMID: 32346380 PMCID: PMC7172866 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils releasing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) infiltrate the pancreas prior to type 1 diabetes (T1D) onset; however, the precise nature of their contribution to disease remains poorly defined. To examine how NETs affect immune functions in T1D, we investigated NET composition and their effect on dendritic cells (DCs) and T lymphocytes in T1D children. We showed that T1D patient NET composition differs substantially from that of healthy donors and that the presence of T1D-NETs in a mixed peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture caused a strong shift toward IFNγ-producing T lymphocytes, mediated through activation of innate immunity cells in T1D samples. Importantly, in a monocyte-derived DC (moDC) culture, NETs induced cytokine production, phenotypic change and IFNγ-producing T cells only in samples from T1D patients but not in those from healthy donors. RNA-seq analysis revealed that T1D-NETs presence causes TGFβ downregulation and IFNα upregulation and creates pro-T1D signature in healthy moDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Parackova
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital in Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Irena Zentsova
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital in Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petra Vrabcova
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital in Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Adam Klocperk
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital in Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Zdenek Sumnik
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital in Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Stepanka Pruhova
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital in Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lenka Petruzelkova
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital in Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Robert Hasler
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University Hospital in Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.,Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Sediva
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital in Motol, Prague, Czechia
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90
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Native/citrullinated LL37-specific T-cells help autoantibody production in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5851. [PMID: 32245990 PMCID: PMC7125190 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62480-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
LL37 exerts a dual pathogenic role in psoriasis. Bound to self-DNA/RNA, LL37 licenses autoreactivity by stimulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells-(pDCs)-Type I interferon (IFN-I) and acts as autoantigen for pathogenic Th17-cells. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), LL37 also triggers IFN-I in pDCs and is target of pathogenic autoantibodies. However, whether LL37 activates T-cells in SLE and how the latter differ from psoriasis LL37-specific T-cells is unknown. Here we found that 45% SLE patients had circulating T-cells strongly responding to LL37, which correlate with anti-LL37 antibodies/disease activity. In contrast to psoriatic Th17-cells, these LL37-specific SLE T-cells displayed a T-follicular helper-(TFH)-like phenotype, with CXCR5/Bcl-6 and IL-21 expression, implicating a role in stimulation of pathogenic autoantibodies. Accordingly, SLE LL37-specific T-cells promoted B-cell secretion of pathogenic anti-LL37 antibodies in vitro. Importantly, we identified abundant citrullinated LL37 (cit-LL37) in SLE tissues (skin and kidney) and observed very pronounced reactivity of LL37-specific SLE T-cells to cit-LL37, compared to native-LL37, which was much more occasional in psoriasis. Thus, in SLE, we identified LL37-specific T-cells with a distinct functional specialization and antigenic specificity. This suggests that autoantigenic specificity is independent from the nature of the autoantigen, but rather relies on the disease-specific milieu driving T-cell subset polarization and autoantigen modifications.
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91
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Double-Stranded DNA and NETs Components in Relation to Clinical Outcome After ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5007. [PMID: 32193509 PMCID: PMC7081350 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61971-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been implicated in atherothrombosis; however, their potential role as markers of risk is unclear. We investigated whether circulating NETs-related components associated with clinical outcome and hypercoagulability in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). In this observational cohort study, STEMI patients admitted for PCI (n = 956) were followed for median 4.6 years, recording 190 events (reinfarction, unscheduled revascularization, stroke, heart failure hospitalization, or death). Serum drawn median 18 hours post-PCI was used to quantify double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and the more specific NETs markers myeloperoxidase-DNA and citrullinated histone 3. Levels of the NETs markers did not differ significantly between groups with/without a primary composite endpoint. However, patients who died (n = 76) had higher dsDNA compared to survivors (p < 0.001). Above-median dsDNA was associated with an increased number of deaths (54 vs. 22, p < 0.001). dsDNA in the upper quartiles (Q) was associated with increased mortality (Q3 vs. Q1 + 2 adjusted HR: 1.89 [95% CI 1.03 to 3.49], p = 0.041 and Q4 vs. Q1 + 2 adjusted HR: 2.28 [95% CI 1.19 to 4.36], p = 0.013). dsDNA was weakly correlated with D-dimer (rs = 0.17, p < 0.001). dsDNA levels associated with increased all-cause mortality, yet weakly with hypercoagulability in STEMI patients. The prognostic significance of potentially NETs-related markers requires further exploration.
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92
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Santo BA, Segal BH, Tomaszewski JE, Mohammad I, Worral AM, Jain S, Visser MB, Sarder P. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs): An unexplored territory in renal pathobiology, a pilot computational study. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2020; 11320. [PMID: 32377029 DOI: 10.1117/12.2549340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the age of modern medicine and artificial intelligence, image analysis and machine learning have revolutionized diagnostic pathology, facilitating the development of computer aided diagnostics (CADs) which circumvent prevalent diagnostic challenges. Although CADs will expedite and improve the precision of clinical workflow, their prognostic potential, when paired with clinical outcome data, remains indeterminate. In high impact renal diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy and lupus nephritis (LN), progression often occurs rapidly and without immediate detection, due to the subtlety of structural changes in transient disease states. In such states, exploration of quantifiable image biomarkers, such as Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs), may reveal alternative progression measures which correlate with clinical data. NETs have been implicated in LN as immunogenic cellular structures, whose occurrence and dysregulation results in excessive tissue damage and lesion manifestation. We propose that renal biopsy NET distribution will function as a discriminate, predictive biomarker in LN, and will supplement existing classification schemes. We have developed a computational pipeline for segmenting NET-like structures in LN biopsies. NET-like structures segmented from our biopsies warrant further study as they appear pathologically distinct, and resemble non-lytic, vital NETs. Examination of corresponding H&E regions predominantly placed NET-like structures in glomeruli, including globally and segmentally sclerosed glomeruli, and tubule lumina. Our work continues to explore NET-like structures in LN biopsies by: 1.) revising detection and analytical methods based on evolving NETs definitions, and 2.) cataloguing NET morphology in order to implement supervised classification of NET-like structures in histopathology images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana A Santo
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences - University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
| | - Brahm H Segal
- Departments of Medicine, Immunology - Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - John E Tomaszewski
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences - University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
| | - Imtiaz Mohammad
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences - University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
| | - Amber M Worral
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences - University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
| | - Sanjay Jain
- Departments of Medicine, Nephrology - Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Michelle B Visser
- Department of Oral Biology - University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine
| | - Pinaki Sarder
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences - University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
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93
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Abstract
Microbial contributions to the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune rheumatic diseases have been studied since the advent of germ theory in the 19th century. With the exception of Group A Streptococcus in rheumatic fever, early studies failed to establish causal relationships between specific pathobionts and rheumatic disease. Today, systemic autoimmune diseases are thought to result from a complex interplay of environmental factors, individual genetic risk, and stochastic events. Interactions of microbiota and the immune system have been shown to promote and sustain chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. In mechanistic studies, microbe-immune cell interactions have been implicated in the initiation of autoimmune rheumatic diseases, e.g., through the posttranslational modification of autoantigens in rheumatoid arthritis or through neutrophil cell death and cross-reactivity with commensal orthologs in systemic lupus erythematosus. In parallel, modern molecular techniques have catalyzed the study of the microbiome in systemic autoimmune diseases. Here, I review current insights gained into the skin, oral, gut, lung, and vascular microbiome in connective tissue diseases and vasculitis. Mechanism relevant to the development and propagation of autoimmunity will be discussed whenever explored. While studies on autoimmune rheumatic disease have almost invariably shown abnormal microbiome structure (dysbiosis), substantial variability in microbial composition between studies makes generalization difficult. Moreover, an etiopathogenic role of specific pathobionts cannot be inferred by association alone. Integrating descriptive studies of microbial communities with hypothesis-driven research informed by immunopathogenesis will be important in elucidating targetable mechanisms in preclinical and established rheumatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian F Konig
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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94
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Casanova V, Sousa FH, Shakamuri P, Svoboda P, Buch C, D'Acremont M, Christophorou MA, Pohl J, Stevens C, Barlow PG. Citrullination Alters the Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Activities of the Human Cathelicidin LL-37 During Rhinovirus Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:85. [PMID: 32117246 PMCID: PMC7010803 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human rhinoviruses (HRV) are the most common cause of viral respiratory tract infections. While normally mild and self-limiting in healthy adults, HRV infections are associated with bronchiolitis in infants, pneumonia in immunocompromised patients, and exacerbations of asthma and COPD. The human cathelicidin LL-37 is a host defense peptide (HDP) with broad immunomodulatory and antimicrobial activities that has direct antiviral effects against HRV. However, LL-37 is known to be susceptible to the enzymatic activity of peptidyl arginine deiminases (PAD), and exposure of the peptide to these enzymes results in the conversion of positively charged arginines to neutral citrullines (citrullination). Here, we demonstrate that citrullination of LL-37 reduced its direct antiviral activity against HRV. Furthermore, while the anti-rhinovirus activity of LL-37 results in dampened epithelial cell inflammatory responses, citrullination of the peptide, and a loss in antiviral activity, ameliorates this effect. This study also demonstrates that HRV infection upregulates PAD2 protein expression, and increases levels of protein citrullination, including histone H3, in human bronchial epithelial cells. Increased PADI gene expression and HDP citrullination during infection may represent a novel viral evasion mechanism, likely applicable to a wide range of pathogens, and should therefore be considered in the design of therapeutic peptide derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Casanova
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Priyanka Shakamuri
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Pavel Svoboda
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Chloé Buch
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mathilde D'Acremont
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Maria A Christophorou
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Pohl
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Craig Stevens
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Peter G Barlow
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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95
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Linge P, Arve S, Olsson LM, Leonard D, Sjöwall C, Frodlund M, Gunnarsson I, Svenungsson E, Tydén H, Jönsen A, Kahn R, Johansson Å, Rönnblom L, Holmdahl R, Bengtsson A. NCF1-339 polymorphism is associated with altered formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, high serum interferon activity and antiphospholipid syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2020; 79:254-261. [PMID: 31704719 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: A single nucleotide polymorphism in the NCF1 gene (NCF1-339, rs201802880), encoding NADPH oxidase type II subunit NCF1/p47phox, reducing production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is strongly associated with the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study aimed at characterising NCF1-339 effects on neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, type I interferon activity and antibody profile in patients with SLE. METHODS: Neutrophil NET-release pathways (n=31), serum interferon (n=141) and finally antibody profiles (n=305) were investigated in SLE subjects from Lund, genotyped for NCF1-339. Then, 1087 SLE subjects from the rheumatology departments of four Swedish SLE centres, genotyped for NCF1-339, were clinically characterised to validate these findings. RESULTS: Compared with patients with normal-ROS NCF1-339 genotypes, neutrophils from patients with SLE with low-ROS NCF1-339 genotypes displayed impaired NET formation (p<0.01) and increased dependence on mitochondrial ROS (p<0.05). Low-ROS patients also had increased frequency of high serum interferon activity (80% vs 21.4%, p<0.05) and positivity for anti-β2 glycoprotein I (p<0.01) and anticardiolipin antibodies (p<0.05) but were not associated with other antibodies. We confirmed an over-representation of having any antiphospholipid antibody, OR 1.40 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.95), anti-β2 glycoprotein I, OR 1.82 (95% CI 1.02 to 3.24) and the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), OR 1.74 (95% CI 1.19 to 2.55) in all four cohorts (n=1087). CONCLUSIONS: The NCF1-339 SNP mediated decreased NADPH oxidase function, is associated with high interferon activity and impaired formation of NETs in SLE, allowing dependence on mitochondrial ROS. Unexpectedly, we revealed a striking connection between the ROS deficient NCF1-339 genotypes and the presence of phospholipid antibodies and APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petrus Linge
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Rheumatology, Lunds University Faculty of Medicine, Lund, Skane, Sweden
| | - Sabine Arve
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Rheumatology, Lunds University Faculty of Medicine, Lund, Skane, Sweden
| | - Lina M Olsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Stockholm County, Sweden
| | - Dag Leonard
- Department of Medical Sciences, Science for Life Laboratories, Rheumatology Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Uppland, Sweden
| | - Christopher Sjöwall
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology/AIR, Linköping University, Linkoping, Ostergotland, Sweden
| | - Martina Frodlund
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology/AIR, Linköping University, Linkoping, Ostergotland, Sweden
| | - Iva Gunnarsson
- Department of Medicine Solna, Unit of Rheumatology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Stockholm County, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Svenungsson
- Department of Medicine Solna, Unit of Rheumatology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Stockholm County, Sweden
| | - Helena Tydén
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Rheumatology, Lunds University Faculty of Medicine, Lund, Skane, Sweden
| | - Andreas Jönsen
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Rheumatology, Lunds University Faculty of Medicine, Lund, Skane, Sweden
| | - Robin Kahn
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Pediatrics, Lund University, Lund, Skane, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicin, Lund University, Lund, Skane, Sweden
| | - Åsa Johansson
- Division for Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of laboratory medicine, Lund University, Lund, Skane, Sweden
- Regional Laboratories Region Skane, Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Skanes universitetssjukhus Lund Labmedicin Skane, Lund, Skane, Sweden
| | - Lars Rönnblom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Science for Life Laboratories, Rheumatology Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Uppland, Sweden
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Stockholm County, Sweden
| | - Anders Bengtsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Rheumatology, Lunds University Faculty of Medicine, Lund, Skane, Sweden
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96
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Zhang L, Yuan Y, Xu Q, Jiang Z, Chu CQ. Contribution of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. J Biomed Res 2020; 34:86-93. [PMID: 32305962 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.33.20190075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are major innate immune effector cells for host defense and have been a topic of active research for their participation in the pathogenesis of autoimmune inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) due to recently discovered neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. NET formation and other mechanisms leading to the release of neutrophil nuclear and cytoplasmic contents are implicated as a source of citrullinated antigens in RA. Further investigations are required to delineate what factors diverge neutrophils from host defense to autoimmune response in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingshu Zhang
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;Rheumatology Section, VA Portland Healthcare System, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Yi Yuan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;Rheumatology Section, VA Portland Healthcare System, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Zhengyu Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Cong-Qiu Chu
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;Rheumatology Section, VA Portland Healthcare System, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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97
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Fert-Bober J, Darrah E, Andrade F. Insights into the study and origin of the citrullinome in rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol Rev 2019; 294:133-147. [PMID: 31876028 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The presence of autoantibodies and autoreactive T cells to citrullinated proteins and citrullinating enzymes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), together with the accumulation of citrullinated proteins in rheumatoid joints, provides substantial evidence that dysregulated citrullination is a hallmark feature of RA. However, understanding mechanisms that dysregulate citrullination in RA has important challenges. Citrullination is a normal process in immune and non-immune cells, which is likely activated by different conditions (eg, inflammation) with no pathogenic consequences. In a complex inflammatory environment such as the RA joint, unique strategies are therefore required to dissect specific mechanisms involved in the abnormal production of citrullinated proteins. Here, we will review current models of citrullination in RA and discuss critical components that, in our view, are relevant to understanding the accumulation of citrullinated proteins in the RA joint, collectively referred to as the RA citrullinome. In particular, we will focus on potential caveats in the study of citrullination in RA and will highlight methods to precisely detect citrullinated proteins in complex biological samples, which is a confirmatory approach to mechanistically link the RA citrullinome with unique pathogenic pathways in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Fert-Bober
- The Smidt Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Erika Darrah
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Felipe Andrade
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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98
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Hann J, Bueb JL, Tolle F, Bréchard S. Calcium signaling and regulation of neutrophil functions: Still a long way to go. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 107:285-297. [PMID: 31841231 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ru0719-241r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in blood and disruption in their functions often results in an increased risk of serious infections and inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Following recent discoveries in their influence over disease progression, a resurgence of interest for neutrophil biology has taken place. The multitude of signaling pathways activated by the engagement of numerous types of receptors, with which neutrophils are endowed, reflects the functional complexity of these cells. It is therefore not surprising that there remains a huge lack in the understanding of molecular mechanisms underlining neutrophil functions. Moreover, studies on neutrophils are undoubtedly limited by the difficulty to efficiently edit the cell's genome. Over the past 30 years, compelling evidence has clearly highlighted that Ca2+ -signaling is governing the key processes associated with neutrophil functions. The confirmation of the role of an elevation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration has come from studies on NADPH oxidase activation and phagocytosis. In this review, we give an overview and update of our current knowledge on the role of Ca2+ mobilization in the regulation of pro-inflammatory functions of neutrophils. In particular, we stress the importance of Ca2+ in the formation of NETs and cytokine secretion in the light of newest findings. This will allow us to embrace how much further we have to go to understand the complex dynamics of Ca2+ -dependent mechanisms in order to gain more insights into the role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. The potential for therapeutics to regulate the neutrophil functions, such as Ca2+ influx inhibitors to prevent autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases, has been discussed in the last part of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hann
- Life Sciences Research Unit, Immune Cells and Inflammatory Diseases Group, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - J-L Bueb
- Life Sciences Research Unit, Immune Cells and Inflammatory Diseases Group, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - F Tolle
- Life Sciences Research Unit, Immune Cells and Inflammatory Diseases Group, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - S Bréchard
- Life Sciences Research Unit, Immune Cells and Inflammatory Diseases Group, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
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99
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Zentsova I, Parackova Z, Kayserova J, Palova-Jelinkova L, Vrabcova P, Volfova N, Sumnik Z, Pruhova S, Petruzelkova L, Sediva A. Monocytes contribute to DNA sensing through the TBK1 signaling pathway in type 1 diabetes patients. J Autoimmun 2019; 105:102294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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100
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Wirestam L, Arve S, Linge P, Bengtsson AA. Neutrophils-Important Communicators in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2734. [PMID: 31824510 PMCID: PMC6882868 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are two autoimmune diseases that can occur together or separately. Insights into the pathogenesis have revealed similarities, such as development of autoantibodies targeting subcellular antigens as well as a shared increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity, potentially due to mutual pathologic mechanisms. In this review, we will address the evidence implicating neutrophils in the pathogenesis of these conditions, highlighting their shared features. The neutrophil is the most abundant leukocyte, recognized for its role in infectious and inflammatory diseases, but dysregulation of neutrophil effector functions, including phagocytosis, oxidative burst and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) may also contribute to an autoimmune process. The phenotype of neutrophils in SLE and APS differs from neutrophils of healthy individuals, where neutrophils in SLE and APS are activated and prone to aggregate. A specific subset of low-density neutrophils with different function compared to normal-density neutrophils can also be found within the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) fraction after density gradient centrifugation of whole blood. Neutrophil phagocytosis is required for regular clearance of cell remnants and nuclear material. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) released by neutrophils during oxidative burst are important for immune suppression and impairment of ROS production is seen in SLE. NETs mediate pathology in both SLE and APS via several mechanisms, including exposure of autoantigens, priming of T-cells and activation of autoreactive B-cells. NETs are also involved in cardiovascular events by forming a pro-thrombotic scaffolding surface. Lastly, neutrophils communicate with other cells by producing cytokines, such as Interferon (IFN) -α, and via direct cell-cell contact. Physiological neutrophil effector functions are necessary to prevent autoimmunity, but in SLE and APS these are altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wirestam
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sabine Arve
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Petrus Linge
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders A Bengtsson
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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