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Harnett MM, Doonan J, Lumb FE, Crowe J, Damink RO, Buitrago G, Duncombe-Moore J, Wilkinson DI, Suckling CJ, Selman C, Harnett W. The parasitic worm product ES-62 protects the osteoimmunology axis in a mouse model of obesity-accelerated ageing. Front Immunol 2022; 13:953053. [PMID: 36105811 PMCID: PMC9465317 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.953053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant increases in human lifespan over the last century, adoption of high calorie diets (HCD) has driven global increases in type-2 diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease, disorders precluding corresponding improvements in healthspan. Reflecting that such conditions are associated with chronic systemic inflammation, evidence is emerging that infection with parasitic helminths might protect against obesity-accelerated ageing, by virtue of their evolution of survival-promoting anti-inflammatory molecules. Indeed, ES-62, an anti-inflammatory secreted product of the filarial nematode Acanthocheilonema viteae, improves the healthspan of both male and female C57BL/6J mice undergoing obesity-accelerated ageing and also extends median lifespan in male animals, by positively impacting on inflammatory, adipose metabolic and gut microbiome parameters of ageing. We therefore explored whether ES-62 affects the osteoimmunology axis that integrates environmental signals, such as diet and the gut microbiome to homeostatically regulate haematopoiesis and training of immune responses, which become dysregulated during (obesity-accelerated) ageing. Of note, we find sexual dimorphisms in the decline in bone health, and associated dysregulation of haematopoiesis and consequent peripheral immune responses, during obesity-accelerated ageing, highlighting the importance of developing sex-specific anti-ageing strategies. Related to this, ES-62 protects trabecular bone structure, maintaining bone marrow (BM) niches that counter the ageing-associated decline in haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) functionality highlighted by a bias towards myeloid lineages, in male but not female, HCD-fed mice. This is evidenced by the ability of ES-62 to suppress the adipocyte and megakaryocyte bias and correspondingly promote increases in B lymphocytes in the BM. Furthermore, the consequent prevention of ageing-associated myeloid/lymphoid skewing is associated with reduced accumulation of inflammatory CD11c+ macrophages and IL-1β in adipose tissue, disrupting the perpetuation of inflammation-driven dysregulation of haematopoiesis during obesity-accelerated ageing in male HCD-fed mice. Finally, we report the ability of small drug-like molecule analogues of ES-62 to mimic some of its key actions, particularly in strongly protecting trabecular bone structure, highlighting the translational potential of these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M. Harnett
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - James Doonan
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Felicity E. Lumb
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Crowe
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Roel Olde Damink
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Geraldine Buitrago
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Josephine Duncombe-Moore
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Debbie I. Wilkinson
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Colin J. Suckling
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Selman
- Glasgow Ageing Research Network (GARNER), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - William Harnett
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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52
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On maternity and the stronger immune response in women. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4858. [PMID: 35982048 PMCID: PMC9386672 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32569-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical research reports that women often exhibit stronger immune responses than men, while pathogens tend to be more virulent in men. Current explanations cannot account for this pattern, creating an obstacle for our understanding of infectious-disease outcomes and the incidence of autoimmune diseases. We offer an alternative explanation that relies on a fundamental difference between the sexes: maternity and the opportunities it creates for transmission of pathogens from mother to child (vertical transmission). Our explanation relies on a mathematical model of the co-evolution of host immunocompetence and pathogen virulence. Here, we show that when there is sufficient vertical transmission co-evolution leads women to defend strongly against temperate pathogens and men to defend weakly against aggressive pathogens, in keeping with medical observations. From a more applied perspective, we argue that limiting vertical transmission of infections would alleviate the disproportionate incidence of autoimmune diseases in women over evolutionary time. Women generally mount a stronger immune response to infections than men do, resulting in a higher impact of autoimmune diseases. Here, the authors show that pathogen transmission from mother-to-child during pregnancy drives the co-evolution of a stout defence against harmless pathogens in women.
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Shapiro JR, Sitaras I, Park HS, Aytenfisu TY, Caputo C, Li M, Lee J, Johnston TS, Li H, Wouters C, Hauk P, Jacobsen H, Li Y, Abrams E, Yoon S, Kocot AJ, Yang T, Huang Y, Cramer SM, Betenbaugh MJ, Debes AK, Morgan R, Milstone AM, Karaba AH, Pekosz A, Leng SX, Klein SL. Association of Frailty, Age, and Biological Sex With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Messenger RNA Vaccine-Induced Immunity in Older Adults. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 75:S61-S71. [PMID: 35607747 PMCID: PMC9376280 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male sex and old age are risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019, but the intersection of sex and aging on antibody responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines has not been characterized. METHODS Plasma samples were collected from older adults (aged 75-98 years) before and after 3 doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination, and from younger adults (aged 18-74 years) post-dose 2, for comparison. Antibody binding to SARS-CoV-2 antigens (spike protein [S], S receptor-binding domain, and nucleocapsid), functional activity against S, and live-virus neutralization were measured against the vaccine virus and the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Vaccination induced greater antibody titers in older females than in older males, with both age and frailty associated with reduced antibody responses in males but not females. Responses declined significantly in the 6 months after the second dose. The third dose restored functional antibody responses and eliminated disparities caused by sex, age, and frailty in older adults. Responses to the VOCs, particularly the Omicron variant, were significantly reduced relative to the vaccine virus, with older males having lower titers to the VOCs than older females. Older adults had lower responses to the vaccine and VOC viruses than younger adults, with greater disparities in males than in females. CONCLUSIONS Older and frail males may be more vulnerable to breakthrough infections owing to low antibody responses before receipt of a third vaccine dose. Promoting third dose coverage in older adults, especially males, is crucial to protecting this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna R Shapiro
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ioannis Sitaras
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Han Sol Park
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tihitina Y Aytenfisu
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher Caputo
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maggie Li
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John Lee
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Trevor S Johnston
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Huifen Li
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Camille Wouters
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pricila Hauk
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Henning Jacobsen
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yukang Li
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Engle Abrams
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Steve Yoon
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew J Kocot
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Tianrui Yang
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yushu Huang
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven M Cramer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Michael J Betenbaugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amanda K Debes
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rosemary Morgan
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aaron M Milstone
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew H Karaba
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sean X Leng
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Immune Remodeling, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sabra L Klein
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Gordon AM, Diamond KB, Ashraf AM, Magruder ML, Sadeghpour R, Choueka J. Benign prostatic hyperplasia is associated with increased 90-day medical complications but not peri-prosthetic joint infections following reverse shoulder arthroplasty. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY & TRAUMATOLOGY : ORTHOPEDIE TRAUMATOLOGIE 2022:10.1007/s00590-022-03344-6. [PMID: 35951116 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-022-03344-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies have shown male sex to be a predisposing factor for peri-prosthetic joint infections (PJIs). Symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has been suggested as an additional risk for PJI. This study aimed to assess the impact of BPH on (1) lengths of stay (LOS), (2) complications (medical and implant-related), (3) readmission rates, and (4) healthcare expenditures after reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). METHODS Utilizing a nationwide sample from the 2010-2020 PearlDiver insurance database, an analysis was performed retrospectively for all males who underwent primary RSA. Males with BPH (n = 2,184) represented the study group and were ratio-matched with men without a history of BPH (n = 10,832) in a 1:5 manner by medical comorbidities. T-tests compared LOS and healthcare expenditures. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine the effect of BPH on 90-day medical complications, 2-year implant complications, and readmissions. A p value less than 0.001 was statistically significant. RESULTS In-hospital LOS (1.96 days vs. 1.99 days, p = 0.683) did not significantly differ between cohorts. Males with BPH had significantly greater occurrence and odds (34.3% vs. 21.2%, odds ratio (OR):1.84, p < 0.0001) of all 90-day medical complications, including urinary tract infections (9.3% vs. 3.1%, OR:3.23, p < 0.0001), pneumonias (6.0% vs. 3.9%, OR:1.61, p < 0.0001), and acute kidney injuries (7.7% vs. 5.0%, OR:1.60, p < 0.0001). Two-year implant-related complications were comparable between study and control groups (12.2% vs 10.9%, OR:1.14, p = 0.073), including PJIs (2.3% vs. 2.2%, OR:1.02, p = 0.874). Readmission rates (1.88% vs. 2.11%, p = 0.482) and average global 90-day reimbursements ($26,301 vs. $24,399), p = 0.535) were similar between men with and without BPH. DISCUSSION Males with a history of BPH have greater rates of medical complications, including UTIs and acute kidney injuries, within 90 days following RSA. BPH does not appear to be a risk factor for 2-year implant-related complications including PJIs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Gordon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Maimonides Medical Center, 927 49th Street, Brooklyn, NY, 11219, USA.
| | - Keith B Diamond
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Maimonides Medical Center, 927 49th Street, Brooklyn, NY, 11219, USA
| | - Asad M Ashraf
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Maimonides Medical Center, 927 49th Street, Brooklyn, NY, 11219, USA
| | - Matthew L Magruder
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Maimonides Medical Center, 927 49th Street, Brooklyn, NY, 11219, USA
| | - Ramin Sadeghpour
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Maimonides Medical Center, 927 49th Street, Brooklyn, NY, 11219, USA
| | - Jack Choueka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Maimonides Medical Center, 927 49th Street, Brooklyn, NY, 11219, USA
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Hernandez L, Laucyte-Cibulskiene A, Ward LJ, Kautzky-Willer A, Herrero MT, Norris CM, Raparelli V, Pilote L, Stenvinkel P, Kublickiene K. Gender dimension in cardio-pulmonary continuum. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:916194. [PMID: 36003909 PMCID: PMC9393639 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.916194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardio-pulmonary diseases, which were once regarded as a man's illness, have been one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality for both men and women in many countries in recent years. Both gender and sex influence the functional and structural changes in the human body and therefore play an important role in disease clinical manifestation, treatment choice, and/or response to treatment and prognosis of health outcomes. The gender dimension integrates sex and gender analysis in health sciences and medical research, however, it is still relatively overlooked suggesting the need for empowerment in the medical research community. Latest advances in the field of cardiovascular research have provided supportive evidence that the application of biological variables of sex has led to the understanding that heart disease in females may have different pathophysiology compared to males, particularly in younger adults. It has also resulted in new diagnostic techniques and a better understanding of symptomatology, while gender analysis has informed more appropriate risk stratification and prevention strategies. The existing knowledge in the pulmonary field shows the higher prevalence of pulmonary disorders among females, however, the role of gender as a socio-cultural construct has yet to be explored for the implementation of targeted interventions. The purpose of this review is to introduce the concept of gender dimension and its importance for the cardiopulmonary continuum with a focus on shared pathophysiology and disease presentation in addition to interrelation with chronic kidney disease. The review presents basic knowledge of what gender dimension means, and the application of sex and gender aspects in cardiovascular medicine with a specific focus on early pulmonary development, pulmonary hypertension, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Early vascular aging and inflammation have been presented as a potential pathophysiological link, with further interactions between the cardiopulmonary continuum and chronic kidney disease. Finally, implications for potential future research have been provided to increase the impact of gender dimension on research excellence that would add value to everybody, foster toward precision medicine and ultimately improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Hernandez
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agne Laucyte-Cibulskiene
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Nephrology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Liam J. Ward
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology, National Board of Forensic Medicine, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria-Trinidad Herrero
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Institutes for Aging Research and Bio-Health Research of Murcia, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Colleen M. Norris
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Cardiovascular and Stroke Strategic Clinical Network, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Valeria Raparelli
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- University Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Louise Pilote
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karolina Kublickiene
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Bichet C, Régis C, Gilot-Fromont E, Cohas A. Variations in immune parameters with age in a wild rodent population and links with survival. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9094. [PMID: 35845372 PMCID: PMC9273568 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings suggest that immune functions do not unidirectionally deteriorate with age but that a potentially adaptive remodeling, where functions of the immune system get downregulated while others get upregulated with age could also occur. Scarce in wild populations, longitudinal studies are yet necessary to properly understand the patterns and consequences of age variations of the immune system in the wild. Meanwhile, it is challenging to understand if the observed variations in immune parameters with age are due to changes at the within‐individual level or to selective (dis)appearance of individuals with peculiar immune phenotypes. Thanks to a long‐term and longitudinal monitoring of a wild Alpine marmot population, we aimed to understand within‐ and between‐individual variation in the immune phenotype with age, in order to improve our knowledge about the occurrence and the evolutionary consequences of such age variations in the wild. To do so, we recorded the age‐specific leukocyte concentration and leukocyte profile in repeatedly sampled dominant individuals. We then tested whether the potential changes with age were attributable to within‐individual variations and/or selective (dis)appearance. Finally, we investigated if the leukocyte concentration and profiles were correlated to the probability of death at a given age. The leukocyte concentration was stable with age, but the relative number of lymphocytes decreased, while the relative number of neutrophils increased, over the course of an individual's life. Moreover, between individuals of the same age, individuals with fewer lymphocytes but more neutrophils were more likely to die. Therefore, selective disappearance seems to play a role in the age variations of the immune parameters in this population. Further investigations linking age variations in immune phenotype to individual fitness are needed to understand whether remodeling of the immune system with age could or could not be adaptive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coraline Bichet
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé CNRS-La Rochelle Université Villiers-en-Bois France.,Institut für Vogelforschung "Vogelwarte Helgoland" (Institute of Avian Research) Wilhelmshaven Germany.,UMR-CNRS 5558, Laboratoire Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Villeurbanne France
| | - Corinne Régis
- UMR-CNRS 5558, Laboratoire Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Villeurbanne France
| | - Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont
- UMR-CNRS 5558, Laboratoire Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Villeurbanne France.,Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup Marcy-l'Etoile France
| | - Aurélie Cohas
- UMR-CNRS 5558, Laboratoire Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Villeurbanne France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) Paris France
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Feng Q, Xia W, Dai G, Lv J, Yang J, Liu D, Zhang G. The Aging Features of Thyrotoxicosis Mice: Malnutrition, Immunosenescence and Lipotoxicity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:864929. [PMID: 35720307 PMCID: PMC9201349 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The problem of aging is mainly the increase of age-related diseases, and elderly patients have longer hospitalization and worse prognosis. Poorer nutritional status and immunosenescence may be predisposing and severe factors. The mechanism of the high incidence of diseases and poor prognosis behind aging is complex. Finding suitable aging models is of great significance to find strategies to prevent aging related events. In this study, the relationship between thyrotoxicosis and aging was investigated in mice. The results of routine blood tests and flow cytometry showed that immunosenescence occurred in thyrotoxicosis mice, which was characterized by a significant decrease in neutrophils, lymphocytes, CD4+/CD8+ and CD4+IFN-γ+ lymphocytes. Biochemical examination results showed that there were hypocholesterolemia, hypolipoproteinemia, and hyperlipidemia in thyrotoxicosis mice. Serum proteomics analysis showed that the downregulation of complement and coagulation proteins was another manifestation of declined immunity. Moreover, proteomics analysis showed that many downregulated proteins were related to homeostasis, mainly transport proteins. Their downregulation led to the disturbance of osmotic pressure, ion homeostasis, vitamin utilization, lipid transport, hyaluronic acid processing, and pH maintenance. Serum metabolomics analysis provided more detailed evidence of homeostasis disturbance, especially lipid metabolism disorder, including the downregulation of cholesterol, vitamin D, bile acids, docosanoids, and the upregulation of glucocorticoids, triglycerides, sphingolipids, and free fatty acids. The upregulated lipid metabolites were related to lipotoxicity, which might be one cause of immunosenescence and many aging related syndromes. This study provides evidence for the aging model of thyrotoxicosis mice, which can be used for exploring anti-aging drugs and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Feng
- Center for Pharmacological Research, State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Wenkai Xia
- Center for Pharmacological Research, State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Guoxin Dai
- Center for Pharmacological Research, State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Jingang Lv
- Center for Pharmacological Research, State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Center for Pharmacological Research, State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Deshan Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guimin Zhang
- Center for Pharmacological Research, State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
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58
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Lagedal R, Eriksson O, Sörman A, Huckriede JB, Kristensen B, Franzén S, Larsson A, Bergqvist A, Alving K, Forslund A, Persson B, Ekdahl KN, Garcia de Frutos P, Nilsson B, Nicolaes GAF, Lipcsey M, Hultström M, Frithiof R. Impaired Antibody Response Is Associated with Histone-Release, Organ Dysfunction and Mortality in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123419. [PMID: 35743491 PMCID: PMC9225468 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: the pathophysiologic mechanisms explaining differences in clinical outcomes following COVID-19 are not completely described. This study aims to investigate antibody responses in critically ill patients with COVID-19 in relation to inflammation, organ failure and 30-day survival. Methods: All patients with PCR-verified COVID-19 and gave consent, and who were admitted to a tertiary Intensive care unit (ICU) in Sweden during March–September 2020 were included. Demography, repeated blood samples and measures of organ function were collected. Analyses of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgM, IgA and IgG) in plasma were performed and correlated to patient outcome and biomarkers of inflammation and organ failure. Results: A total of 115 patients (median age 62 years, 77% male) were included prospectively. All patients developed severe respiratory dysfunction, and 59% were treated with invasive ventilation. Thirty-day mortality was 22.6% for all included patients. Patients negative for any anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody in plasma during ICU admission had higher 30-day mortality compared to patients positive for antibodies. Patients positive for IgM had more ICU-, ventilator-, renal replacement therapy- and vasoactive medication-free days. IgA antibody concentrations correlated negatively with both SAPS3 and maximal SOFA-score and IgM-levels correlated negatively with SAPS3. Patients with antibody levels below the detection limit had higher plasma levels of extracellular histones on day 1 and elevated levels of kidney and cardiac biomarkers, but showed no signs of increased inflammation, complement activation or cytokine release. After adjusting for age, positive IgM and IgG antibodies were still associated with increased 30-day survival, with odds ratio (OR) 7.1 (1.5–34.4) and 4.2 (1.1–15.7), respectively. Conclusion: In patients with severe COVID-19 requiring intensive care, a poor antibody response is associated with organ failure, systemic histone release and increased 30-day mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rickard Lagedal
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.F.); (M.L.); (M.H.); (R.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Oskar Eriksson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; (O.E.); (A.S.); (B.P.); (K.N.E.); (B.N.)
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Sörman
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; (O.E.); (A.S.); (B.P.); (K.N.E.); (B.N.)
| | - Joram B. Huckriede
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.B.H.); (G.A.F.N.)
| | | | - Stephanie Franzén
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.F.); (M.L.); (M.H.); (R.F.)
| | - Anders Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Anders Bergqvist
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Clinical Microbiology and Hospital Infection Control, Uppsala University Hospital, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kjell Alving
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; (K.A.); (A.F.)
| | - Anders Forslund
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; (K.A.); (A.F.)
| | - Barbro Persson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; (O.E.); (A.S.); (B.P.); (K.N.E.); (B.N.)
| | - Kristina N. Ekdahl
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; (O.E.); (A.S.); (B.P.); (K.N.E.); (B.N.)
- Linneus Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Linneus University, 392 31 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Pablo Garcia de Frutos
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC, IDIBAPS and CIBERCV, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Bo Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; (O.E.); (A.S.); (B.P.); (K.N.E.); (B.N.)
| | - Gerry A. F. Nicolaes
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.B.H.); (G.A.F.N.)
| | - Miklos Lipcsey
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.F.); (M.L.); (M.H.); (R.F.)
- Hedenstierna Laboratory, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Hultström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.F.); (M.L.); (M.H.); (R.F.)
- Unit for Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert Frithiof
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.F.); (M.L.); (M.H.); (R.F.)
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Jiwrajka N, Anguera MC. The X in seX-biased immunity and autoimmune rheumatic disease. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20211487. [PMID: 35510951 PMCID: PMC9075790 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism in the composition and function of the human immune system has important clinical implications, as males and females differ in their susceptibility to infectious diseases, cancers, and especially systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Both sex hormones and the X chromosome, which bears a number of immune-related genes, play critical roles in establishing the molecular basis for the observed sex differences in immune function and dysfunction. Here, we review our current understanding of sex differences in immune composition and function in health and disease, with a specific focus on the contribution of the X chromosome to the striking female bias of three autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Jiwrajka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Montserrat C. Anguera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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60
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Guan X, Polesso F, Wang C, Sehrawat A, Hawkins RM, Murray SE, Thomas GV, Caruso B, Thompson RF, Wood MA, Hipfinger C, Hammond SA, Graff JN, Xia Z, Moran AE. Androgen receptor activity in T cells limits checkpoint blockade efficacy. Nature 2022; 606:791-796. [PMID: 35322234 PMCID: PMC10294141 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade has revolutionized the field of oncology, inducing durable anti-tumour immunity in solid tumours. In patients with advanced prostate cancer, immunotherapy treatments have largely failed1-5. Androgen deprivation therapy is classically administered in these patients to inhibit tumour cell growth, and we postulated that this therapy also affects tumour-associated T cells. Here we demonstrate that androgen receptor (AR) blockade sensitizes tumour-bearing hosts to effective checkpoint blockade by directly enhancing CD8 T cell function. Inhibition of AR activity in CD8 T cells prevented T cell exhaustion and improved responsiveness to PD-1 targeted therapy via increased IFNγ expression. AR bound directly to Ifng and eviction of AR with a small molecule significantly increased cytokine production in CD8 T cells. Together, our findings establish that T cell intrinsic AR activity represses IFNγ expression and represents a novel mechanism of immunotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangnan Guan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fanny Polesso
- Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Chaojie Wang
- Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Archana Sehrawat
- Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Reed M Hawkins
- Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Susan E Murray
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Portland, Portland, OR, USA
| | - George V Thomas
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Breanna Caruso
- Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Reid F Thompson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Mary A Wood
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Christina Hipfinger
- Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Scott A Hammond
- Clinical IO Discovery, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Julie N Graff
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Zheng Xia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Amy E Moran
- Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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The spatiotemporal dynamics of lung cancer: 30-year trends of epidemiology across 204 countries and territories. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:987. [PMID: 35578216 PMCID: PMC9109351 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13281-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been established that lung cancer is the leading cause of all cancer deaths. This study sought to analyze the epidemiological trends of lung cancer over the past 30 years worldwide. METHODS Estimates, including the global, regional, national prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) of lung cancer from 1990 to 2019, were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 to assess the spatiotemporal dynamics in cases and age-standardized rates (ASR). The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to evaluate the variation in ASR. Besides, estimates of age-sex specific prevalence, decomposition analysis for incident cases, and correlation analysis of the EAPC were conducted in our study. RESULTS Globally, the ASR of lung cancer prevalence, incidence and YLDs in 2019 were 38.84/100,000 persons, 27.66/100,000 persons, and 6.62/100,000 persons, respectively. Over the past 30 years, the ASR of incidence (EAPC = -0.09) decreased, although that of prevalence (EAPC = 0.51) and YLDs (EAPC = 0.03) increased. The global prevalence counts was greater in males than females at all age groups and increased with age, peaking in the 65-69 age group for both sexes. The increase in incidence was mainly attributed to population aging. For YLDs, EAPC was negatively correlated with the human development index (p = 0.0008) and ASR (p < 0.0001) in 1990 across nation-level units. CONCLUSIONS Lung cancer remains a major public health issue globally, warranting the implementation of scientific and effective measures in different countries and territories to control it.
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Sex differences in global metabolomic profiles of COVID-19 patients. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:461. [PMID: 35568706 PMCID: PMC9106988 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04861-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, leads to symptoms ranging from asymptomatic disease to death. Although males are more susceptible to severe symptoms and higher mortality due to COVID-19, patient sex has rarely been examined. Sex-associated metabolic changes may implicate novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets to treat COVID-19. Here, using serum samples, we performed global metabolomic analyses of uninfected and SARS-CoV-2-positive male and female patients with severe COVID-19. Key metabolic pathways that demonstrated robust sex differences in COVID-19 groups, but not in controls, involved lipid metabolism, pentose pathway, bile acid metabolism, and microbiome-related metabolism of aromatic amino acids, including tryptophan and tyrosine. Unsupervised statistical analysis showed a profound sexual dimorphism in correlations between patient-specific clinical parameters and their global metabolic profiles. Identification of sex-specific metabolic changes in severe COVID-19 patients is an important knowledge source for researchers striving for development of potential sex-associated biomarkers and druggable targets for COVID-19 patients.
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63
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Yang Y, Yan M. Mechanisms of Cardiovascular System Injury Induced by COVID-19 in Elderly Patients With Cardiovascular History. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:859505. [PMID: 35600485 PMCID: PMC9116509 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.859505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), represents a great threat to healthcare and socioeconomics worldwide. In addition to respiratory manifestations, COVID-19 promotes cardiac injuries, particularly in elderly patients with cardiovascular history, leading to a higher risk of progression to critical conditions. The SARS-CoV-2 infection is initiated as virus binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is highly expressed in the heart, resulting in direct infection and dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Meanwhile, immune response and hyper-inflammation, as well as endothelial dysfunction and thrombosis implicate in COVID-19 infection. Herein, we provide an overview of the proposed mechanisms of cardiovascular injuries in COVID-19, particularly in elderly patients with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases, aiming to set appropriate management and improve their clinical outcomes.
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64
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Estrogens, Cancer and Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092265. [PMID: 35565393 PMCID: PMC9101338 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex hormones are included in many physiological and pathological pathways. Estrogens belong to steroid hormones active in female sex. Estradiol (E2) is the strongest female sex hormone and, with its receptors, contributes to oncogenesis, cancer progression and response to treatment. In recent years, a role of immunosurveillance and suppression of immune response in malignancy has been well defined, forming the basis for cancer immunotherapy. The interplay of sex hormones with cancer immunity, as well as the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors, is of interest. In this review, we investigate the impact of sex hormones on natural immune response with respect to main active elements in anticancer immune surveillance: dendritic cells, macrophages, lymphocytes and checkpoint molecules. We describe the main sex-dependent tumors and the contribution of estrogen in their progression, response to treatment and especially modulation of anticancer immune response.
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Sridani NW, Palesa H, Sabir M, Munir MA, Setyawai T, Fauzan F, Devi R. Determinants of Hypertension Proxy in Community, Indonesia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypertension is a high-risk health problem and leads to cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack, heart failure, stroke, and kidney disease. This study aimed to determine the proxy determinants of hypertension in the Kawatuna community. Methods: an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach, with a population of 2,943 people, and the sample was taken using the Slovin formula; the sample size was 352 respondents by purposive sampling. Bivariate data analysis used the Chi-Square test at a significance level of p = 0.05 and analyzed the relationship between the multivariate determinant variables with logistic regression analysis. Results: the significant variable on the incidence of prehypertension was the genetic variable with p-value = 0.043 and RRR = 2.31. The variables that had a significant relationship with the incidence of hypertension were genetics with a p-value = 0.000 and gender with a p-value = 0.012. Respondents with a family history of hypertension had a greater risk of 5.9 times than those without family hypertension. The male gender had a risk of 3.68 times compared to female respondents. Conclusion: The determinants of hypertension proxy in the Kawatuna community are genetics and gender.
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Engler-Chiurazzi EB, Chastain WH, Citron KK, Lambert LE, Kikkeri DN, Shrestha SS. Estrogen, the Peripheral Immune System and Major Depression – A Reproductive Lifespan Perspective. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:850623. [PMID: 35493954 PMCID: PMC9051447 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.850623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depression is a significant medical issue impacting millions of individuals worldwide. Identifying factors contributing to its manifestation has been a subject of intense investigation for decades and several targets have emerged including sex hormones and the immune system. Indeed, an extensive body of literature has demonstrated that sex hormones play a critical role in modulating brain function and impacting mental health, especially among female organisms. Emerging findings also indicate an inflammatory etiology of major depression, revealing new opportunities to supplement, or even supersede, currently available pharmacological interventions in some patient populations. Given the established sex differences in immunity and the profound impact of fluctuations of sex hormone levels on the immune system within the female, interrogating how the endocrine, nervous, and immune systems converge to impact women’s mental health is warranted. Here, we review the impacts of endogenous estrogens as well as exogenously administered estrogen-containing therapies on affect and immunity and discuss these observations in the context of distinct reproductive milestones across the female lifespan. A theoretical framework and important considerations for additional study in regards to mental health and major depression are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B. Engler-Chiurazzi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Elizabeth B. Engler-Chiurazzi,
| | - Wesley H. Chastain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Kailen K. Citron
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Lillian E. Lambert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Divya N. Kikkeri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Sharhana S. Shrestha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
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Kuipery A, Mahamed D, Nkongolo S, D’Angelo JA, Johnson Valiente A, Mehrotra A, Chapman WC, Horton P, McGilvray I, Janssen HLA, Gehring AJ. The Human Male Liver Is Predisposed to Inflammation Via Enhanced Myeloid Responses to Inflammatory Triggers. Front Immunol 2022; 13:818612. [PMID: 35493503 PMCID: PMC9046993 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.818612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aim Men have a higher prevalence of liver disease. Liver myeloid cells can regulate tissue inflammation, which drives progression of liver disease. We hypothesized that sex alters the responsiveness of liver myeloid cells, predisposing men to severe liver inflammation. Methods Luminex was done on plasma from Hepatitis B Virus infected patients undergoing nucleoside analogue cessation in 45 male and female patients. We collected immune cells from the sinusoids of uninfected livers of 53 male and female donors. Multiparametric flow cytometry was used to phenotype and characterize immune composition. Isolated monocytes were stimulated with TLR ligands to measure the inflammatory potential and the expression of regulators of TLR signaling. Results We confirmed that men experienced more frequent and severe liver damage upon Hepatitis B Virus reactivation, which was associated with inflammatory markers of myeloid activation. No differences were observed in the frequency or phenotype of sinusoidal myeloid cells between male and female livers. However, monocytes from male livers produced more inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in response to TLR stimulation than female monocytes. We investigated negative regulators of TLR signaling and found that TOLLIP was elevated in female liver-derived monocytes Conclusions Our data show that enhanced responsiveness of myeloid cells from the male liver predisposes men to inflammation, which was associated with altered expression of negative regulators of TLR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Kuipery
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deeqa Mahamed
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shirin Nkongolo
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - June Ann D’Angelo
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Alexandra Johnson Valiente
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aman Mehrotra
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - William C. Chapman
- Division of Abdominal Transplant, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Peter Horton
- Methodist University Hospital Transplant Institute, Memphis, TN, United States
- Division of Abdominal Transplant, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ian McGilvray
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Harry L. A. Janssen
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adam J. Gehring
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Adam J. Gehring,
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Londregan J, Maslanka J, Goldman N, Somerville J, Riggs JE. IgD ligation allows peritoneal cavity B cell proliferation. Immunobiology 2022; 227:152181. [PMID: 35077917 PMCID: PMC8918009 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Atypical cytokine production and immune cell subset ratios, particularly those that include high proportions of macrophages, characterize tumor microenvironments (TMEs). TMEs can be modeled by culturing peritoneal cavity (PerC) cells which have a high macrophage to lymphocyte ratio. With TCR or BCR ligation, PerC lymphocyte proliferation is tempered by macrophages. However, PHA (T cells) and anti-CD40 (B cells) are activators that induce proliferation. Herein, we report that ligating IgD, in contrast to IgM, triggers PerC B cell proliferation. IL-4 addition enhanced the IgD response for BALB/c PerC B cells but suppressed that of C57BL/6 mice. Intriguingly, concurrent ligation of IgD and CD3ε rescued a PerC T cell proliferative response. These results serve to expand the list of targets for promoting cellular and humoral immunity in conditions that model macrophage-rich TMEs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey Maslanka
- Biology Department, Rider University, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA
| | - Naomi Goldman
- Biology Department, Rider University, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA
| | - John Somerville
- Biology Department, Rider University, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA
| | - James E Riggs
- Biology Department, Rider University, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA.
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Mkhikian H, Hayama KL, Khachikyan K, Li C, Zhou RW, Pawling J, Klaus S, Tran PQN, Ly KM, Gong AD, Saryan H, Hai JL, Grigoryan D, Lee PL, Newton BL, Raffatellu M, Dennis JW, Demetriou M. Age-associated impairment of T cell immunity is linked to sex-dimorphic elevation of N-glycan branching. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:231-242. [PMID: 35528547 PMCID: PMC9075523 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00187-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Impaired T cell immunity with aging increases mortality from infectious disease. The branching of Asparagine-linked glycans is a critical negative regulator of T cell immunity. Here we show that branching increases with age in females more than males, in naïve more than memory T cells, and in CD4+ more than CD8+ T cells. Female sex hormones and thymic output of naïve T cells (TN) decrease with age, however neither thymectomy nor ovariectomy altered branching. Interleukin-7 (IL-7) signaling was increased in old female more than male mouse TN cells, and triggered increased branching. N-acetylglucosamine, a rate-limiting metabolite for branching, increased with age in humans and synergized with IL-7 to raise branching. Reversing elevated branching rejuvenated T cell function and reduced severity of Salmonella infection in old female mice. These data suggest sex-dimorphic antagonistic pleiotropy, where IL-7 initially benefits immunity through TN maintenance but inhibits TN function by raising branching synergistically with age-dependent increases in N-acetylglucosamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haik Mkhikian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ken L Hayama
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Khachik Khachikyan
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Carey Li
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Raymond W Zhou
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Judy Pawling
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suzi Klaus
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Phuong Q N Tran
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kim M Ly
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Andrew D Gong
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hayk Saryan
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jasper L Hai
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - David Grigoryan
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Philip L Lee
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Barbara L Newton
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Manuela Raffatellu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccines, Chiba University-UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - James W Dennis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Demetriou
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Shapiro JR, Morgan R, Leng SX, Klein SL. Roadmap for Sex-Responsive Influenza and COVID-19 Vaccine Research in Older Adults. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:836642. [PMID: 35821800 PMCID: PMC9261334 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.836642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences in the immune system are dynamic throughout the lifespan and contribute to heterogeneity in the risk of infectious diseases and the response to vaccination in older adults. The importance of the intersection between sex and age in immunity to viral respiratory diseases is clearly demonstrated by the increased prevalence and severity of influenza and COVID-19 in older males compared to older females. Despite sex and age biases in the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of disease, these host factors are often ignored in vaccine research. Here, we review sex differences in the immunogenicity, effectiveness, and safety of the influenza and COVID-19 vaccines in older adults and the impact of sex-specific effects of age-related factors, including chronological age, frailty, and the presence of comorbidities. While a female bias in immunity to influenza vaccines has been consistently reported, understanding of sex differences in the response to COVID-19 vaccines in older adults is incomplete due to small sample sizes and failure to disaggregate clinical trial data by both sex and age. For both vaccines, a major gap in the literature is apparent, whereby very few studies investigate sex-specific effects of aging, frailty, or multimorbidity. By providing a roadmap for sex-responsive vaccine research, beyond influenza and COVID-19, we can leverage the heterogeneity in immunity among older adults to provide better protection against vaccine-preventable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna R. Shapiro
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rosemary Morgan
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sean X. Leng
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sabra L. Klein
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Modelling Female Physiology from Head to Toe: Impact of Sex Hormones, Menstrual Cycle, and Pregnancy. J Theor Biol 2022; 540:111074. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2022.111074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
Despite numerous studies of immune sexual dimorphism, sexual differences are not rigorously mapped and dimorphic mechanisms are incompletely understood. Current immune research typically studies sex differences in specific cells, tissues, or diseases but without providing an integrated picture. To connect the dots, we suggest comprehensive research approaches to better our understanding of immune sexual dimorphism and its mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Talia Gal-Oz
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tal Shay
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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73
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Camejo L, Nandeesha N, Phan K, Chharath K, Tran T, Ciesla D, Velanovich V. Infectious outcomes after splenectomy for trauma, splenectomy for disease and splenectomy with distal pancreatectomy. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2022; 407:1685-1691. [PMID: 35075620 PMCID: PMC8786199 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-022-02446-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The spleen provides a unique immune function in its production of opsins directed against encapsulated bacteria. Splenectomy, therefore, increases the risk of infections in patients as well as post-operative complications. This study aims to assess the risk of post-operative complications within 5 years of splenectomy by indication for splenectomy: trauma, disease, or in association with a distal pancreatectomy for pancreatic disease. The relationship between vaccination and infectious outcomes was also investigated. Methods This study is a review of splenectomy cases between June 2005 and June 2015 at a single institution. Infection, splenectomy indication, and vaccination history were identified from electronic medical records and lab test confirmations. Data was analyzed using Student’s t test for continuous variables, the Mann–Whitney U test for ordinal variables, and a Chi-square/Fisher exact test for categorical variables. Results A total of 106 splenectomy patients were included: 35 traumatic (74% male) and 71 non-traumatic causes (42% male) with no significant difference in age. There were no statistical differences in complications during splenectomy and vaccination administration between the splenectomy indication groups: trauma, disease, and with distal pancreatectomy. There was a statistically significant higher infection rate within 5 years post-splenectomy in the non-traumatic vs traumatic group (42% vs 14.0%, p = 0.0040) with majority gastrointestinal (7/38) and respiratory (5/38) and surgical wound infections (3/38) observed in non-traumatic versus traumatic, respectively. Conclusion Results from data analysis show a statistically significant difference in rates of infection within 5 years post-operatively between traumatic versus non-traumatic indications for splenectomies, with the non-traumatic group experiencing a higher rate of infectious outcomes. The non-traumatic group included patients with disease and distal pancreatectomy indications. This suggests that patients who have non-traumatic causes may be at a higher risk of developing infections following splenectomy procedure. Additionally, vaccinations did not appear to have a protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonel Camejo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 5 Tampa General Circle, Suite 740, Tampa, FL, 33606, USA
| | - Nandini Nandeesha
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 5 Tampa General Circle, Suite 740, Tampa, FL, 33606, USA
| | - Kevin Phan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 5 Tampa General Circle, Suite 740, Tampa, FL, 33606, USA
| | - Khattiya Chharath
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 5 Tampa General Circle, Suite 740, Tampa, FL, 33606, USA
| | - Thanh Tran
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 5 Tampa General Circle, Suite 740, Tampa, FL, 33606, USA
| | - David Ciesla
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 5 Tampa General Circle, Suite 740, Tampa, FL, 33606, USA
| | - Vic Velanovich
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 5 Tampa General Circle, Suite 740, Tampa, FL, 33606, USA.
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Rizzo A, Mollica V, Santoni M, Ricci AD, Gadaleta-Caldarola G, Montironi R, Massari F. Impact of clinicopathological features on immune-based combinations for advanced urothelial carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Future Oncol 2022; 18:739-748. [PMID: 35048736 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-0841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have recently revolutionized the treatment landscape of metastatic urothelial carcinoma. The authors performed a meta-analysis aiming to evaluate the predictive value of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, age, sex, liver metastasis and histology in trials comparing first-line ICI-based combinations with chemotherapy in metastatic urothelial carcinoma patients. Methods: Hazard ratios were analyzed. Results: ICI-based combinations significantly decreased the risk of death in several clinicopathological subgroups, including patients with no liver metastases (hazard ratio: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.74-0.95) and those with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 (hazard ratio: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.72-0.97). Conclusion: The benefit of ICI-based combinations over chemotherapy in metastatic urothelial carcinoma was consistent across several clinicopathological subgroups, although a proportion of patients responded to chemotherapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rizzo
- Medical Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, Bologna, 70128, Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, 'Mons. R. Dimiccoli' Hospital, Barletta, ASL BT (Barletta, Andria, Trani), 76121, Italy
| | - Veronica Mollica
- Medical Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, Bologna, 70128, Italy
| | - Matteo Santoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, Macerata General Hospital, Macerata, 62100, Italy
| | - Angela Dalia Ricci
- Medical Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, Bologna, 70128, Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, 'Mons. R. Dimiccoli' Hospital, Barletta, ASL BT (Barletta, Andria, Trani), 76121, Italy
| | - Gennaro Gadaleta-Caldarola
- Medical Oncology Unit, 'Mons. R. Dimiccoli' Hospital, Barletta, ASL BT (Barletta, Andria, Trani), 76121, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, United Hospitals, Ancona, 60126, Italy
| | - Francesco Massari
- Medical Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, Bologna, 70128, Italy
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Norris SA, Frongillo EA, Black MM, Dong Y, Fall C, Lampl M, Liese AD, Naguib M, Prentice A, Rochat T, Stephensen CB, Tinago CB, Ward KA, Wrottesley SV, Patton GC. Nutrition in adolescent growth and development. Lancet 2022; 399:172-184. [PMID: 34856190 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During adolescence, growth and development are transformative and have profound consequences on an individual's health in later life, as well as the health of any potential children. The current generation of adolescents is growing up at a time of unprecedented change in food environments, whereby nutritional problems of micronutrient deficiency and food insecurity persist, and overweight and obesity are burgeoning. In a context of pervasive policy neglect, research on nutrition during adolescence specifically has been underinvested, compared with such research in other age groups, which has inhibited the development of adolescent-responsive nutritional policies. One consequence has been the absence of an integrated perspective on adolescent growth and development, and the role that nutrition plays. Through late childhood and early adolescence, nutrition has a formative role in the timing and pattern of puberty, with consequences for adult height, muscle, and fat mass accrual, as well as risk of non-communicable diseases in later life. Nutritional effects in adolescent development extend beyond musculoskeletal growth, to cardiorespiratory fitness, neurodevelopment, and immunity. High rates of early adolescent pregnancy in many countries continue to jeopardise the growth and nutrition of female adolescents, with consequences that extend to the next generation. Adolescence is a nutrition-sensitive phase for growth, in which the benefits of good nutrition extend to many other physiological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane A Norris
- SAMRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Global Health Research Institute, School of Health and Human Development, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Edward A Frongillo
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Maureen M Black
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Yanhui Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Bejing, China
| | - Caroline Fall
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Michelle Lampl
- Emory Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Angela D Liese
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Mariam Naguib
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ann Prentice
- MRC Nutrition and Bone Health Group, Cambridge, UK; MRC Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Tamsen Rochat
- SAMRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Charles B Stephensen
- USDA Western Human Nutrition Research Center and Nutrition Department, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Kate A Ward
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; MRC Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Stephanie V Wrottesley
- SAMRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - George C Patton
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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76
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Ding JM, Lin WR, Fei ZD, Chen CB. PYHIN1 correlates with CD8+ T cells infiltration and confers good patient survival in oral cancer. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:551-559. [PMID: 35028083 PMCID: PMC8739744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Immunotherapy has become a research hotspot and is used for head and neck cancer treatment. This research aims to explore the prognostic value of PYHIN1 in oral cancer and the relationship between PYHIN1 and cancer immunity. Materials and methods The expression of PYHIN1 in clinical specimens was evaluated by bioinformatics analyses and immunohistochemistry. Results Gene ontology term enrichment analyses and gene set enrichment analyses showed the involvement of PYHIN1 in the modulation of adaptive immunity-associated signaling according to The Cancer Genome Atlas database and Gene Expression Omnibus dataset. Interestingly, the correlation analyses in The Cancer Genome Atlas database revealed a positive correlation between PYHIN1 expression and activated CD8+ T cells infiltration and a negative correlation between PYHIN1 expression and tumor purity. Moreover, activated CD8+ T cells infiltration predicted good patient survival and was negatively correlated with tumor purity. Importantly, PYHIN1 expression was negatively correlated with the pathological stage and was positively associated with a good prognosis in patients with oral cancer. The data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus dataset and immunohistochemistry confirmed the positive association between PYHIN1 and CD8+ T cells infiltration in oral cancer tissues. Conclusion We conclude that PYHIN1 is an indicator of cancer immunity, and is an independent prognostic factor that may be an alternative target for oral cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ming Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wen-Rong Lin
- Department of Ultrasound, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhao-Dong Fei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chuan-Ben Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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77
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The impact of biological sex on diseases of the urinary tract. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:857-866. [PMID: 35869147 PMCID: PMC9305688 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Biological sex, being female or male, broadly influences diverse immune phenotypes, including immune responses to diseases at mucosal surfaces. Sex hormones, sex chromosomes, sexual dimorphism, and gender differences all contribute to how an organism will respond to diseases of the urinary tract, such as bladder infection or cancer. Although the incidence of urinary tract infection is strongly sex biased, rates of infection change over a lifetime in women and men, suggesting that accompanying changes in the levels of sex hormones may play a role in the response to infection. Bladder cancer is also sex biased in that 75% of newly diagnosed patients are men. Bladder cancer development is shaped by contributions from both sex hormones and sex chromosomes, demonstrating that the influence of sex on disease can be complex. With a better understanding of how sex influences disease and immunity, we can envision sex-specific therapies to better treat diseases of the urinary tract and potentially diseases of other mucosal tissues.
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78
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Pharmacogenetics of Bronchodilator Response: Future Directions. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2021; 21:47. [PMID: 34958416 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-021-01023-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Several genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of bronchodilator response (BDR) to albuterol have been published over the past decade. This review describes current knowledge gaps, including pharmacogenetic studies of albuterol response in minority populations, effect modification of pharmacogenetic associations by age, and relevance of BDR phenotype characterization to pharmacogenetic findings. New approaches, such as leveraging additional "omics" data to focus pharmacogenetic interrogation, as well as developing polygenic risk scores in asthma treatment responses, are also discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Recent pharmacogenetic studies of albuterol response in minority populations have identified genetic polymorphisms in loci (DNAH5, NFKB1, PLCB1, ADAMTS3, COX18, and PRKG1), that are associated with BDR. Additional studies are needed to replicate these findings. Modification of the pharmacogenetic associations for SPATS2L and ASB3 polymorphisms by age has also been published. Evidence from metabolomic and epigenomic studies of BDR may point to new pharmacogenetic targets. Lastly, a polygenic risk score for response to albuterol has been developed but requires validation in additional cohorts. In order to expand our knowledge of pharmacogenetics of BDR, additional studies in minority populations are needed. Consideration of effect modification by age and leverage of other "omics" data beyond genomics may also help uncover novel pharmacogenetic loci for use in precision medicine for asthma treatment.
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79
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Romaru J, Bahuaud M, Lejeune G, Hentzien M, Berger JL, Robbins A, Lebrun D, N’Guyen Y, Bani-Sadr F, Batteux F, Servettaz A. Single-Dose 13-Valent Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccine in People Living With HIV – Immunological Response and Protection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:791147. [PMID: 34987514 PMCID: PMC8721113 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.791147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients living with HIV (PLHIV) are prone to invasive pneumococcal disease. The 13-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13) is currently recommended for all PLHIV, followed in most guidelines by a 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine. Data are scarce concerning the immunological efficacy of PCV13 among PLHIV. Objective To assess the immunological response at one month, and the immunological protection at 1-, 6-, and 12 months in PLHIV with a CD4 cell count above 200 cells/µl after a single dose of PCV13, as measured by both ELISA and opsonophagocytic assay (OPA). Methods PLHIV with CD4 cell count >200 cells/µl were included. Specific IgG serum concentrations for eight serotypes by ELISA and seven serotypes by OPA were measured at baseline, 1-, 6-, and 12 months after the PCV13 vaccination. Global response was defined as a two-fold increase from baseline of specific IgG antibody levels (μg/ml) assayed by ELISA or as a four-fold increase in OPA titer from baseline, for at least five serotypes targeted by PCV13. Global protection was defined as an IgG-concentration ≥1 µg/ml by ELISA or as an opsonization titer ≥LLOQ by OPA for at least five tested serotypes targeted by PCV13. Factors associated with global response and global protection were assessed using logistic regression. Results Of the 38 PLHIV included, 57.9% and 63.2% were global responders, 92.1% and 78.9% were globally protected at one month, and 64.7% and 55.9% were still protected at 12 months, by ELISA and OPA respectively. A CD4/CD8 ratio of >0.8 was significantly associated with a better global response by OPA (OR=6.11, p=0.02), and a CD4 nadir <200 was significantly associated with a poorer global response by ELISA (OR=0.22, p=0.04). A CD4 cell count nadir <200 and age over 50 years were associated with poorer global protection by OPA at M1 (OR=0.18, p=0.04) and M12 (OR= 0.15, p=0.02), respectively. Plasma HIV RNA viral load <40 copies/ml was significantly associated with a better global protection at M1 by ELISA and OPA (OR=21.33, p=0.025 and OR=8.40, p=0.04) Conclusion Vaccination with PCV13 in these patients induced immunological response and protection at one month. At one year, more than half of patients were still immunologically protected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Romaru
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Mathilde Bahuaud
- Plateforme d’Immunomonitoring Vaccinal, Laboratory of Immunology, Cochin Hospital and University Paris-Descartes, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Gauthier Lejeune
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, CH de Charleville-Mézières, Charleville-Mézières, France
| | - Maxime Hentzien
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
- *Correspondence: Maxime Hentzien,
| | - Jean-Luc Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Ailsa Robbins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
- Laboratory of Immunology, EA7509 IRMAIC, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Reims, France
| | - Delphine Lebrun
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, CH de Charleville-Mézières, Charleville-Mézières, France
| | - Yohan N’Guyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Firouzé Bani-Sadr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Frédéric Batteux
- Plateforme d’Immunomonitoring Vaccinal, Laboratory of Immunology, Cochin Hospital and University Paris-Descartes, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Amélie Servettaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
- Laboratory of Immunology, EA7509 IRMAIC, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Reims, France
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Gersh FL, O'Keefe JH, Lavie CJ, Henry BM. The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Postmenopausal Women: The Promise of Hormone Therapy. Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96:3130-3141. [PMID: 34736778 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Estradiol (E2) plays an underrecognized role in modulating body-wide systems, including important interactions with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). The RAAS is an immunomodulating system that is critical for maintaining homeostasis across multiple organ systems. The diverse interactions between E2 and the RAAS help maintain cardiometabolic homeostasis, including successful physiologic responses to trauma and infectious pathogens. Estradiol deficiency (ie, menopause) results in impaired responses and increased susceptibility to infectious pathogens. Both immune and cardiometabolic function decline with reduced E2 production, in part because the RAAS becomes dysregulated by E2 deficiency, leaving RAAS predominantly in its proinflammatory state and predisposing to systemic low-grade inflammation. Estradiol deficiency and RAAS dysregulation contribute to impaired immune responses and increased incidence of cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, arrhythmias, and heart failure. The RAAS consists of dual, counterbalancing pathways-proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory. Estradiol is a signaling agent that plays a major role in determining which RAAS pathway predominates. The proinflammatory pathway is activated early in response to infection or trauma, followed by up-regulation of the anti-inflammatory pathway, to resolve inflammation and to restore homeostasis. Estradiol influences activation of the "switch" to restore the anti-inflammatory state. The dysregulated RAAS is a primary target of current cardiovascular therapeutics focused on blocking portions of its proinflammatory pathway. However, RAAS-modifying pharmaceuticals often provide imperfect solutions to these physiologic disruptions and underscore the need for improved approaches to menopausal medicine. Estradiol therapy and optimal lifestyle practices combined with RAAS-modifying pharmaceuticals may be an ideal strategy to optimize postmenopausal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice L Gersh
- University of Arizona School of Medicine, Division of Integrative Medicine, Tucson, LA
| | - James H O'Keefe
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, LA
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Brandon M Henry
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital, The Heart Institute, CICU, Cincinnati, OH.
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81
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Bichet C, Moiron M, Matson KD, Vedder O, Bouwhuis S. Immunosenescence in the wild? A longitudinal study in a long-lived seabird. J Anim Ecol 2021; 91:458-469. [PMID: 34850397 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Longitudinal studies of various vertebrate populations have demonstrated senescent declines in reproductive performance and survival probability to be almost ubiquitous. Longitudinal studies of potential underlying proximate mechanisms, however, are still scarce. Due to its critical function in the maintenance of health and viability, the immune system is among the potential (mediators of) proximate mechanisms that could underlie senescence. Here, we studied three innate immune parameters-haemagglutination titre, haemolysis titre and haptoglobin concentration-in a population of common terns (Sterna hirundo) known to undergo actuarial senescence. We repeatedly sampled birds of known sex and age across 11 years and used random regression models to (a) quantify how immune parameters vary among individuals and (b) describe within-individual age-specific changes in, and potential trade-offs between, immune parameters. Our models revealed no differences between males and females in haemagglutination titre and haptoglobin concentration, and very low among-individual variation in these parameters in general. Within individuals, haemagglutination titre increased with age, while haptoglobin concentration did not change. We found no indication for selective (dis)appearance in relation to haemagglutination titre or haptoglobin concentration, nor for the existence of a trade-off between them. Haemolysis was absent in the majority (76%) of samples. Common terns do not exhibit clear senescence in haemagglutination titre and haptoglobin concentration and show very little among-individual variation in these parameters in general. This may be explained by canalisation of the immune parameters or by the colonial breeding behaviour of our study species, but more longitudinal studies are needed to facilitate investigation of links between species' characteristics and immunosenescence in wild animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coraline Bichet
- Institute of Avian Research, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.,Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, UMR-7372, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Maria Moiron
- Institute of Avian Research, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.,CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Kevin D Matson
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Environmental Sciences Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar Vedder
- Institute of Avian Research, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
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Zhao J, Zhou YH, Zhao YQ, Feng Y, Yan F, Gao ZR, Ye Q, Chen Y, Liu Q, Tan L, Zhang SH, Hu J, Dusenge MA, Feng YZ, Guo Y. Gender Variations in the Oral Microbiomes of Elderly Patients with Initial Periodontitis. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:7403042. [PMID: 34859107 PMCID: PMC8632398 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7403042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a globally prevalent disease that imposes a functional and aesthetic burden on patients. The oral microbiome influences human health. The aim of this study was at assessing gender variation in the subgingival bacterial microbiome of elderly patients with initial periodontitis and to determine the causes of this variation. Twelve males and twenty females (range 50-68 years old) with initial periodontitis provided subgingival plaque samples. 16S rRNA gene sequencing, QIIME-based data processing, and statistical analyses were carried out using several different analytical approaches to detect differences in the oral microbiome between the two groups. Males had higher Chao1 index, observed species, and phylogenetic diversity whole tree values than females. Analysis of β-diversity indicated that the samples were reasonably divided by the gender. The linear discriminant analysis effect size showed that the most representative biomarkers were the genus Haemophilus in males, whereas the dominant bacteria in females were Campylobacter. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that predicting changes in the female oral microbiota may be related to the immune system and immune system diseases are the main factor in males. These data suggest that gender may be a differentiating factor in the microbial composition of subgingival plaques in elderly patients with initial periodontitis. These results could deepen our understanding of the role of gender in the oral microbiota present during initial periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan, China
| | - Ying-Hui Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan, China
| | - Ya-Qiong Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan, China
| | - Yao Feng
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zheng-Rong Gao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan, China
| | - Qin Ye
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan, China
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan, China
| | - Shao-Hui Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan, China
| | - Marie Aimee Dusenge
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan, China
| | - Yun-Zhi Feng
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan, China
| | - Yue Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan, China
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83
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Al-Daghri NM, Abdi S, Sabico S, Alnaami AM, Wani KA, Ansari MGA, Khattak MNK, Khan N, Tripathi G, Chrousos GP, McTernan PG. Gut-Derived Endotoxin and Telomere Length Attrition in Adults with and without Type 2 Diabetes. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1693. [PMID: 34827691 PMCID: PMC8615790 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature aging, as denoted by a reduced telomere length (TL), has been observed in several chronic inflammatory diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, no study to date has addressed the potential inflammatory influence of the gut-derived Gram-negative bacterial fragments lipopolysaccharide, also referred to as endotoxin, and its influence on TL in low-grade inflammatory states such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The current study therefore investigated the influence of endotoxin and inflammatory factors on telomere length (TL) in adults with (T2DM: n = 387) and without (non-diabetic (ND) controls: n = 417) obesity and T2DM. Anthropometric characteristics were taken, and fasted blood samples were used to measure biomarkers, TL, and endotoxin. The findings from this study highlighted across all participants that circulating endotoxin (r = -0.17, p = 0.01) was inversely associated with TL, noting that endotoxin and triglycerides predicted 18% of the variance perceived in TL (p < 0.001). Further stratification of the participants according to T2DM status and sex highlighted that endotoxin significantly predicted 19% of the variance denoted in TL among male T2DM participants (p = 0.007), where TL was notably influenced. The influence on TL was not observed to be impacted by anti-T2DM medications, statins, or anti-hypertensive therapies. Taken together, these results show that TL attrition was inversely associated with circulating endotoxin levels independent of the presence of T2DM and other cardiometabolic factors, suggesting that low-grade chronic inflammation may trigger premature biological aging. The findings further highlight the clinical relevance of mitigating the levels of circulating endotoxin (e.g., manipulation of gut microbiome) not only for the prevention of chronic diseases but also to promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser M. Al-Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (S.S.); (A.M.A.); (K.A.W.); (M.G.A.A.); (M.N.K.K.)
| | - Saba Abdi
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (S.S.); (A.M.A.); (K.A.W.); (M.G.A.A.); (M.N.K.K.)
| | - Shaun Sabico
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (S.S.); (A.M.A.); (K.A.W.); (M.G.A.A.); (M.N.K.K.)
| | - Abdullah M. Alnaami
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (S.S.); (A.M.A.); (K.A.W.); (M.G.A.A.); (M.N.K.K.)
| | - Kaiser A. Wani
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (S.S.); (A.M.A.); (K.A.W.); (M.G.A.A.); (M.N.K.K.)
| | - Mohammed G. A. Ansari
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (S.S.); (A.M.A.); (K.A.W.); (M.G.A.A.); (M.N.K.K.)
| | - Malak Nawaz Khan Khattak
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (S.S.); (A.M.A.); (K.A.W.); (M.G.A.A.); (M.N.K.K.)
| | - Nasiruddin Khan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Applied and Health Sciences, A’Sharqiyah University, Ibra 400, Oman;
| | - Gyanendra Tripathi
- Human Sciences Research Centre, School of Human Sciences, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UK;
| | - George P. Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Philip G. McTernan
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 8NS, UK
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84
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Serre-Miranda C, Roque S, Barreira-Silva P, Nobrega C, Vieira N, Costa P, Palha JA, Correia-Neves M. Age-related sexual dimorphism on the longitudinal progression of blood immune cells in BALB/cByJ mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 77:883-891. [PMID: 34741509 PMCID: PMC9071472 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of immune system aging is of relevance, considering its myriad of interactions and role in protecting and maintaining body homeostasis. While mouse models have been extensively used to study immune system aging, little is known on how the main immune populations progress over time and what is the impact of sex. To contribute to filling this gap, male and female BALB/cByJ mice were longitudinally evaluated, from 3 to 18 months old, for the main blood populations, assessed by flow cytometry. Using linear mixed-effect models, we observed that the percentages of neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, and total natural killer (NK) cells increase with aging, while those of B cells, T cells (including CD4+ and CD8+ subsets), and Ly6C+ NK cells decrease. Males present higher percentages of neutrophils and classical monocytes Ly6Chigh over time, while females present higher percentages of total T cells, both CD4+ and CD8+, eosinophils, and NK cells. Males and females display similar percentages of B cells, even though with opposite accelerated progressions over time. This study revealed that mouse models recapitulate what is observed in humans during aging: an overall proportional decrease in the adaptive and an increase in the innate immune cells. Additionally, it uncovers an age-related sexual dimorphism in the proportion of immune cells in circulation, further strengthening the need to explore the impact of sex when addressing immune system aging using mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Serre-Miranda
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Susana Roque
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Palmira Barreira-Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Claudia Nobrega
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Neide Vieira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Patrício Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joana Almeida Palha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Margarida Correia-Neves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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85
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Araujo JM, Rosas G, Belmar-López C, Raez LE, Rolfo CD, Schwarz LJ, Infante-Huaytalla U, Paez KJ, García LR, Alvarado H, Ramos FP, Delgado-Espinoza SS, Cardenas-Farfan JB, Cornejo M, Zanabria D, Colonio-Cossio C, Rojas-Jefferson M, Pinto JA. Influence of Sex in the Molecular Characteristics and Outcomes of Malignant Tumors. Front Oncol 2021; 11:752918. [PMID: 34737960 PMCID: PMC8562721 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.752918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sex is frequently underestimated as a prognostic biomarker in cancer. In this study, we evaluated a large cohort of patients and public datasets to determine the influence of sex on clinical outcomes, mutational status, and activation of immune pathways in different types of cancer. Methods A cohort of 13,619 Oncosalud-affiliated patients bearing sex-unrelated cancers was followed over a 20-year period. Hazard ratios (HRs) for death were estimated for female vs. male patients for each cancer type and then pooled in a meta-analysis to obtain an overall HR. In addition, the mutational status of the main actionable genes in melanoma (MEL), colorectal cancer (CRC), and lung cancer was compared between sexes. Finally, a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of publicly available data was conducted, to assess differences in immune processes between sexes in MEL, gastric adenocarcinoma (GC), head and neck cancer (HNC), colon cancer (CC), liver cancer (LC), pancreatic cancer (PC), thyroid cancer (TC), and clear renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC). Results Overall, women had a decreased risk of death (HR = 0.73, CI95: 8%-42%), with improved overall survival (OS) in HNC, leukemia, lung cancer, lymphoma, MEL, multiple myeloma (MM), and non-melanoma skin cancer. Regarding the analysis of actionable mutations, only differences in EGFR alterations were observed (27.7% for men vs. 34.4% for women, p = 0.035). The number of differentially activated immune processes was higher in women with HNC, LC, CC, GC, MEL, PC, and TC and included cellular processes, responses to different stimuli, immune system development, immune response activation, multiorganism processes, and localization of immune cells. Only in CCRCC was a higher activation of immune pathways observed in men. Conclusions The study shows an improved survival rate, increased activation of immune system pathways, and an enrichment of EGFR alterations in female patients of our cohort. Enhancement of the immune response in female cancer patients is a phenomenon that should be further explored to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhajaira M Araujo
- Centro de Investigación Básica y Traslacional, AUNA Ideas, Lima, Peru.,Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Peru
| | - Gina Rosas
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - Carolina Belmar-López
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Peru.,Departamento de Genómica, Oncogenomics, Lima, Peru
| | - Luis E Raez
- Memorial Cancer Institute/Memorial Health Care System, Florida International University (FIU), Pembroke Pines, FL, United States
| | - Christian D Rolfo
- Center for Thoracic Oncology/Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Luis J Schwarz
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana-Filial Ica, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Ica, Peru
| | | | - Kevin J Paez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga de Ica, Ica, Peru
| | - Luis R García
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga de Ica, Ica, Peru
| | - Hober Alvarado
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga de Ica, Ica, Peru
| | - Fany P Ramos
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga de Ica, Ica, Peru
| | | | - Jhon B Cardenas-Farfan
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga de Ica, Ica, Peru
| | - Melanie Cornejo
- Centro de Investigación Básica y Traslacional, AUNA Ideas, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | | | - Joseph A Pinto
- Centro de Investigación Básica y Traslacional, AUNA Ideas, Lima, Peru
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86
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Salgado E, Romera-Baurés M, Beltran-Catalan E, Naredo E, Carreira PE, Garcia-Vivar M, Moreno-Muelas JV, Boteanu A, Calvo-Penades I, Sellas-Fernandez A, Valero M, Gomez-Reino JJ. Inmune-mediated inflammatory rheumatic diseases in transgender people: A scoping review. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2021; 52:151920. [PMID: 34872742 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In immune-mediated inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IMIRD), there are differences between cis-men and cis-women in epidemiology, clinical feature, therapeutic approach, treatment response, and prognosis. In transgender individuals, information concerning IMIRD is not substantial. The assessment of information concerning rheumatic diseases in transgenders is crucial because transgenders may undergo treatments with potential impacts on IMIRD. We aim to collect and discuss current knowledge on IMIRD in transgender individuals, determine the coverage of the literature, identify the knowledge gaps, and highlight opportunities for future research. METHODS We did a scoping review of publications collected through a systematic search of transgender patients with any IMIRD. Data sources were Medline, Embase, and Web of Knowledge. Synthesis of results and qualitative review of data information was collected in tables. A semi-quantification of the quality of the articles reporting clinical studies was performed. RESULTS There were 11 transwoman, and 3 transmen cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (5 cases), skin lupus erythematosus (2), systemic sclerosis (4), anti-synthetase syndrome (1), rheumatoid arthritis (1) and ankylosing spondylitis (1). Eleven were de novo cases and three had prior history of IMIRD and developed a comorbidity after starting hormone replacement therapy. The clinical expression of the disease was variable. Two transwomen and one transman developed thrombotic events. The lupus skin lesions in one transman improved following testosterone treatment. No clinical studies were identified. Quality of publications was disparate. CONCLUSION Although the number of cases is small, most cases of IMIRD occur in transwomen. The absence of solid data warrants caution in establishing recommendations regarding hormone replacement therapy in transgenders with IMIRD. There is an essential need for the consideration of cisgender and transgender particularities in future research on IMIRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Salgado
- Rheumatology Service, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario, c/ Ramon Puga Noguerol, 54, Ourense 32005 , Spain.
| | - Montserrat Romera-Baurés
- Rheumatology Service, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Carrer de la Feixa Llarga, s/n, Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat 08907 , Spain
| | - Emma Beltran-Catalan
- Rheumatology Service, Hospital del Mar, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 25, 29, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Esperanza Naredo
- Rheumatology Service, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Av. de los Reyes Católicos 2, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Patricia E Carreira
- Rheumatology Service, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba s/n, Madrid 28041 , Spain
| | - Mariluz Garcia-Vivar
- Rheumatology Service, Hospital Universitario Basurto, Montevideo Etorb. 18, Bilbao 48013, Spain
| | - Jose V Moreno-Muelas
- Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Vall d' Hebrón, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron 119, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Alina Boteanu
- Rheumatology Service, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, M-607 km. 9, 100, Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Inma Calvo-Penades
- Rheumatology Service, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Avinguda de Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, València 46026 , Spain
| | - Agusti Sellas-Fernandez
- Rheumatology Service, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 80, Lleida 25198, Spain
| | - Marta Valero
- Rheumatology Service, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, M-607, km. 9, 100, Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Juan J Gomez-Reino
- Fundación IDIS, Rheumatology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Rúa da Choupana, s/n, Santiago de Compostela 15706 , Spain
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87
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Sex-Based Differences in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1329:499-533. [PMID: 34664253 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73119-9_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Cancers are heterogeneous multifactorial diseases consisting of a major public health issue worldwide. Sex disparities are evidenced in cancer incidence, mortality, expression of prognosis factor, response to treatment, and survival. For both sexes, an interplay of intrinsic and environmental factors influences cancer cells and tumor microenvironment (TME) components. The TME cumulates both supportive and communicative functions, contributing to cancer development, progression, and metastasis dissemination. The frontline topics of this chapter are focused on the contribution of sex, via steroid hormones, such as estrogens and androgens, on the following components of the TME: cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), extracellular matrix (ECM), blood and lymphatic endothelial cells, and immunity/inflammatory system.
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88
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Mostafavi M, Sharifi I, Asadikaram G, Nakhaee N, Kakooei S, Aflatoonian MR, Bamorovat M, Oliaee RT, Karamoozian A. The impact of diabetes on cutaneous leishmaniasis: a case-control field assessment. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:3865-3874. [PMID: 34604933 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07255-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the associated-risk determinants for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) compared to patients without DM. This case-control study was performed between 2017 and 2019 in southeastern Iran. Overall, 206 participants were selected from patients with DM without CL (11.2%), patients with CL without DM (6.2%), and DM patients concomitance with CL (27.6%) as case groups and healthy individuals as a control group 64 (76%). These cases were compared for parasitological, immunological, biochemical, and hematological parameters. The findings demonstrated that parasitological factors regarding the number, duration, and size of the lesion in CL patients showed a significant difference among patients with and without DM (p < 0.05). Data analysis showed that six major risk factors, including female (odds ratio (OR) = 3.47, confidence interval (CI) = 1.84-6.53, p < 0.001), total protein in CL group (OR = 4.9, CI = 2.3-10.44, p < 0.001), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentration in CL group (OR = 0.87, CI = 0.81-0.93, p < 0.001) and DM co-infected with CL group (OR = 0.8, CI = 0.72-0.88, p < 0.001) than healthy group, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) concentration in DM group (OR = 0.86, CI = 0.76-0.98, p = 0.02), transforming growth factor beta)TGF-β( level in the CL group (OR = 1.03, CI = 1.003-1.05, p = 0.02), and presence of diabetes disease (OR = 2.07, CI = 1.16-3.7, p < 0.05), were significantly linked with the induction of CL lesion. The findings demonstrated a significant relationship between DM and CL in distinct risk determinants. Also, the study revealed that DM enhanced the severity of active CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Mostafavi
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Area Code 76169-14115, Kerman, Iran
| | - Iraj Sharifi
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Area Code 76169-14115, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Asadikaram
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nozar Nakhaee
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sina Kakooei
- Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Aflatoonian
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehdi Bamorovat
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Area Code 76169-14115, Kerman, Iran
| | - Razieh Tavakoli Oliaee
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Area Code 76169-14115, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Karamoozian
- Research Center for Modeling in Health, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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89
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Martelli M, Zingaretti L, Salvio G, Bracci M, Santarelli L. Influence of Work on Andropause and Menopause: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910074. [PMID: 34639376 PMCID: PMC8508409 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with gender-specific hormonal changes that progressively lead to gonadal insufficiency, a condition which characterizes a minority of men and all women. Work-related factors, such as stress and pollutant exposure, affect gonadal function and can interfere with reproduction in both genders. A systematic review of the PubMed, SCOPUS and EMBASE databases was conducted, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement to investigate the effect of occupational factors on andropause and menopause. A total of 26 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria: 9 studies evaluated the effects of work on andropause symptoms, 8 studies examined its effects on age at menopause onset, and 9 studies addressed its effects on menopausal symptoms. Work-related factors, such as psychological stress, physical effort, and sleep disorders, showed a significant correlation with andropause manifestations, whereas age at menopause and severity of menopausal symptoms were both influenced by factors such as pesticide exposure, high job strain, and repetitive work. Since work accompanies men and women for most of their lives, it is essential to identify and prevent the risk factors that may affect reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Martelli
- Occupational Health, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (M.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Laura Zingaretti
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, United Hospitals Ancona, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Gianmaria Salvio
- Endocrinology Clinic, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Massimo Bracci
- Occupational Health, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (M.M.); (L.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Lory Santarelli
- Occupational Health, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (M.M.); (L.S.)
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90
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Barros MPD, Bachi ALL, Santos JDMBD, Lambertucci RH, Ishihara R, Polotow TG, Caldo-Silva A, Valente PA, Hogervorst E, Furtado GE. The poorly conducted orchestra of steroid hormones, oxidative stress and inflammation in frailty needs a maestro: Regular physical exercise. Exp Gerontol 2021; 155:111562. [PMID: 34560197 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This review outlines the various factors associated with unhealthy aging which includes becoming frail and dependent. With many people not engaging in recommended exercise, facilitators and barriers to engage with exercise must be investigated to promote exercise uptake and adherence over the lifespan for different demographics, including the old, less affluent, women, and those with different cultural-ethnic backgrounds. Governmental and locally funded public health messages and environmental facilitation (gyms, parks etc.) can play an important role. Studies have shown that exercise can act as a conductor to balance oxidative stress, immune and endocrine functions together to promote healthy aging and reduce the risk for age-related morbidities, such as cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis, and promote cognition and mood over the lifespan. Like a classic symphony orchestra, consisting of four groups of related musical instruments - the woodwinds, brass, percussion, and strings - the aging process should also perform in harmony, with compassion, avoiding the aggrandizement of any of its individual parts during the presentation. This review discusses the wide variety of molecular, cellular and endocrine mechanisms (focusing on the steroid balance) underlying this process and their interrelationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Paes de Barros
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports (ICAFE), MSc/PhD Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, 01506-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - André Luís Lacerda Bachi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, ENT Lab, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04025-002, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo 04829-300, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rafael Ishihara
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos 11015-020, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Geraldo Polotow
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports (ICAFE), MSc/PhD Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, 01506-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Caldo-Silva
- University of Coimbra, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/PTD/04213/2019) at Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, (FCDEF-UC), Portugal
| | - Pedro Afonso Valente
- University of Coimbra, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/PTD/04213/2019) at Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, (FCDEF-UC), Portugal
| | - Eef Hogervorst
- Applied Cognitive Research National Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Guilherme Eustáquio Furtado
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), Coimbra, Portugal; Institute Polytechnic of Maia, Porto, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/PTD/04213/2019) at Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, (FCDEF-UC), Portugal.
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91
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Ciarambino T, Ilardi A, Giannico OV, Maffettone A, Ciaburri F, Delli Paoli V, Fontanella A, Tirelli P, Bologna C, Gallucci F, Visconti M, Caruso D, Amitrano M, Giordano M, D'Avino M. Gender differences in COVID-19 patients: a regional survey among physicians of Internal Medicine Wards. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.4081/itjm.2021.1443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected millions of individuals around the World. Hypertension (HT), chronic heart disease (CHD), and diabetes mellitus (DM), particularly in the elderly, increase susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, conflicting results [such as coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease vulnerability, case fatality, etc.] have been reported about the response to infection and COVID-19 outcomes in men and women. Therefore, understanding predictors of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission might help future planning and management of the disease. We conducted a multicenter survey about COVID-19 involving internists from Internal Medicine Wards. This survey indirectly allowed us to analyze the information of 2400 patients hospitalized in 35 wards of Internal Medicine of the Campania Region between July and October 2020. Our investigation has detected that the infection is more frequent in males, and the number of male patients hospitalized in ICU is also higher than females, with a large proportion of hypertensive patients. Extensive prospective studies are required to confirm this finding and explore the mechanisms for which hypertensive males are exposed to a higher proportion of admission to ICU and higher case fatality rates.
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92
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Sultan I, Amarin JZ, Mansour R, Sultan H, Al-Hussaini M. Sex Differences in Cancer-Specific Survival Are Pronounced during Adolescence and Young Adulthood: A SEER Population-Based Study. EPIDEMIOLGIA (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 2:391-401. [PMID: 36417233 PMCID: PMC9620934 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia2030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences in cancer survival may be related to hormonal changes during puberty and menopause; therefore, we investigated sex differences in the cancer-specific survival rates of children, adolescents and young adults (AYAs), and older adults with sex-nonspecific cancers. We interrogated the November 2019 submission of the SEER 18 database and included microscopically confirmed cases of first primary malignant tumors. We stratified the dataset into children (<15 years), AYAs (modified; 15-49 years), and older adults (≥50 years). For each age group, we used the Kaplan-Meier method to estimate the sex-stratified 5-year all-site cancer-specific survival probabilities. Of 3,386,276 eligible patients, 45,124 (1.3%) were children, 548,158 (16.2%) were AYAs, and 2,792,994 (82.5%) were older adults. The 5-year all-site cancer-specific survival probabilities were 84.0% (95% CI, 83.5%-84.5%) for boys, 84.8% (95% CI, 84.3%-85.3%) for girls, 70.4% (95% CI, 70.2%-70.6%) for male AYAs, 80.8% (95% CI, 80.6%-81.0%) for female AYAs, 52.0% (95% CI, 51.9%-52.1%) for older adult men, and 52.2% (95% CI, 52.1%-52.3%) for older adult women. The all-site survival rate for female patients with cancer is markedly higher than for male patients with cancer during adolescence and young adulthood, although this difference diminishes in older adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyad Sultan
- Department of Pediatrics, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman 11941, Jordan;
| | - Justin Z. Amarin
- Office of Scientific Affairs and Research, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman 11941, Jordan; (J.Z.A.); (R.M.)
| | - Razan Mansour
- Office of Scientific Affairs and Research, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman 11941, Jordan; (J.Z.A.); (R.M.)
| | - Hala Sultan
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Maysa Al-Hussaini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman 11941, Jordan
- Correspondence:
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93
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Biryukov S, Dankmeyer JL, Shamsuddin Z, Velez I, Rill NO, Rosario-Acevedo R, Klimko CP, Shoe JL, Hunter M, Ward MD, Cazares LH, Fetterer DP, Bozue JA, Worsham PL, Cote CK, Amemiya K. Impact of Toll-Like Receptor-Specific Agonists on the Host Immune Response to the Yersinia pestis Plague rF1V Vaccine. Front Immunol 2021; 12:726416. [PMID: 34512658 PMCID: PMC8430260 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.726416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Relatively recent advances in plague vaccinology have produced the recombinant fusion protein F1-V plague vaccine. This vaccine has been shown to readily protect mice from both bubonic and pneumonic plague. The protection afforded by this vaccine is solely based upon the immune response elicited by the F1 or V epitopes expressed on the F1-V fusion protein. Accordingly, questions remain surrounding its efficacy against infection with non-encapsulated (F1-negative) strains. In an attempt to further optimize the F1-V elicited immune response and address efficacy concerns, we examined the inclusion of multiple toll-like receptor agonists into vaccine regimens. We examined the resulting immune responses and also any protection afforded to mice that were exposed to aerosolized Yersinia pestis. Our data demonstrate that it is possible to further augment the F1-V vaccine strategy in order to optimize and augment vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Biryukov
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Dankmeyer
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Zain Shamsuddin
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Ivan Velez
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Nathaniel O. Rill
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Raysa Rosario-Acevedo
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Christopher P. Klimko
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Shoe
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Melissa Hunter
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Michael D. Ward
- Molecular Biology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Lisa H. Cazares
- Molecular Biology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - David P. Fetterer
- Biostatistics Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Joel A. Bozue
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Patricia L. Worsham
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Christopher K. Cote
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Kei Amemiya
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
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94
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Kilic G, Bulut O, Jaeger M, Ter Horst R, Koeken VACM, Moorlag SJCFM, Mourits VP, de Bree C, Domínguez-Andrés J, Joosten LAB, Netea MG. The Immunological Factors Predisposing to Severe Covid-19 Are Already Present in Healthy Elderly and Men. Front Immunol 2021; 12:720090. [PMID: 34434199 PMCID: PMC8380832 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.720090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Male sex and old age are risk factors for COVID-19 severity, but the underlying causes are unknown. A possible explanation for this might be the differences in immunological profiles in males and the elderly before the infection. With this in mind, we analyzed the abundance of circulating proteins and immune populations associated with severe COVID-19 in 2 healthy cohorts. Besides, given the seasonal profile of COVID-19, the seasonal response against SARS-CoV-2 could also be different in the elderly and males. Therefore, PBMCs of female, male, young, and old subjects in different seasons of the year were stimulated with heat-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 to investigate the season-dependent anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune response. We found that several T cell subsets, which are known to be depleted in severe COVID-19 patients, were intrinsically less abundant in men and older individuals. Plasma proteins increasing with disease severity, including HGF, IL-8, and MCP-1, were more abundant in the elderly and males. Upon in vitro SARS-CoV-2 stimulation, the elderly produced significantly more IL-1RA and had a dysregulated IFNγ response with lower production in the fall compared with young individuals. Our results suggest that the immune characteristics of severe COVID-19, described by a differential abundance of immune cells and circulating inflammatory proteins, are intrinsically present in healthy men and the elderly. This might explain the susceptibility of men and the elderly to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Kilic
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ozlem Bulut
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Martin Jaeger
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rob Ter Horst
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Valerie A C M Koeken
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Infection Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM) & TWINCORE, Joint Ventures Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Simone J C F M Moorlag
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Vera P Mourits
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Charlotte de Bree
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jorge Domínguez-Andrés
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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95
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Botticelli A, Cirillo A, Strigari L, Valentini F, Cerbelli B, Scagnoli S, Cerbelli E, Zizzari IG, Rocca CD, D’Amati G, Polimeni A, Nuti M, Merlano MC, Mezi S, Marchetti P. Anti-PD-1 and Anti-PD-L1 in Head and Neck Cancer: A Network Meta-Analysis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:705096. [PMID: 34434192 PMCID: PMC8380817 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.705096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The monoclonal antibodies anti-programmed death protein-1 (anti-PD-1) nivolumab and pembrolizumab are the first immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) approved for treatment of recurrent/metastatic head and neck carcinoma R/M HNSCC in first line and in platinum refractory disease. This network meta-analysis aims to investigate the efficacy of anti-PD-1- vs anti-PD-L1-based therapy in R/M HNSCC cancer patients through a systematic review of the literature to provide support for evidence-based treatment decisions. In particular, the effectiveness of ICIs for R/M HNSCC is analyzed according to the different mechanisms of action of the check-points inhibitory drugs in different subgroups of patients. Methods We did a systematic literature review and network meta-analysis (NMA) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Embase, Medline, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science. Our search identified a total of five randomized controlled trials: Keynote 040, Keynote 048, Eagle, Condor, Checkmate 141. These trials included 3001 patients. Treatment was sub-categorized into PD-L1-based, PD-1-based, and standard chemotherapy. Treatments were indirectly compared with anti-PD-L1-based therapy. Results The network meta-analysis demonstrated no significant differences in OS between different subgroups except for the metastatic patients in which anti-PD-1-based therapy was associated with significantly less risk of death. Furthermore, anti-PD-1-based therapy appeared to be effective in smoker patients and in human papilloma-negative (HPV) patients. Conversely, anti-PD-L1-based therapy seems to be better efficient in female patients, in locally recurrent setting and in HPV positive patients. Conclusion This is the first NMA study that aimed to indirectly compare anti-PD-1- and anti-PD-L1-based therapy in HNSCC patients. The results of our NMA could help define a profile of patient responder or resistant to specific classes of immune drugs and can be used to guide/design future studies in the novel scenario of precision immune-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Botticelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Cirillo
- Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Science “Sapienza”, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lidia Strigari
- Medical Physics Unit, “S. Orsola-Malpighi” Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Filippo Valentini
- Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Science “Sapienza”, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruna Cerbelli
- Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Science “Sapienza”, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Scagnoli
- Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Science “Sapienza”, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Cerbelli
- Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Science “Sapienza”, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Della Rocca
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Polo Pontino, Sapienza University, Roma, Italy
| | - Giulia D’Amati
- Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Science “Sapienza”, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Polimeni
- Odontostomatological and Maxillo-Facial Science, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Nuti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Carlo Merlano
- Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo (Turin), Italy
| | - Silvia Mezi
- Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Science “Sapienza”, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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96
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Nasser SA, Afify EA, Kobeissy F, Hamam B, Eid AH, El-Mas MM. Inflammatory Basis of Atherosclerosis: Modulation by Sex Hormones. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:2099-2111. [PMID: 33480335 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210122142811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally. Several lines of evidence are supportive of the contributory role of vascular inflammation in atherosclerosis. Diverse immune cell types, including monocytes/macrophages, T-cells and neutrophils, as well as specialized proresolving lipid mediators, have been successfully characterized as key players in vascular inflammation. The increased prevalence of atherosclerotic CVD in men in comparison to age-matched premenopausal women and the abolition of sex differences in prevalence during menopause strongly suggest a pivotal role of sex hormones in the development of CVD. Indeed, many animal and human studies conclusively implicate sex hormones as a crucial component in driving the immune response. This is further corroborated by the effective identification of sex hormone receptors in vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and immune cells. Collectively, these findings suggest a cellular communication between sex hormones and vascular or immune cells underlying the vascular inflammation in atherosclerosis. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of vascular inflammation as a causal cue underlying atherosclerotic CVDs within the context of the modulatory effects of sex hormones. Moreover, the cellular and molecular signaling pathways underlying the sex hormones- immune system interactions as potential culprits for vascular inflammation are highlighted with detailed and critical discussion. Finally, the review concludes by speculations on the potential sex-related efficacy of currently available immunotherapies in mitigating vascular inflammation. Conceivably, a deeper understanding of the immunoregulatory influence of sex hormones on vascular inflammation-mediated atherosclerosis permits sex-based management of atherosclerosis-related CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne A Nasser
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elham A Afify
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bassam Hamam
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, P.O. Box 146404, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mahmoud M El-Mas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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97
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Farshbafnadi M, Kamali Zonouzi S, Sabahi M, Dolatshahi M, Aarabi MH. Aging & COVID-19 susceptibility, disease severity, and clinical outcomes: The role of entangled risk factors. Exp Gerontol 2021; 154:111507. [PMID: 34352287 PMCID: PMC8329427 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in late 2019 has been associated with a high rate of mortality and morbidity. It has been determined that the old population are not only at an increased risk for affliction with COVID-19 infection, but also atypical presentations, severe forms of the disease, and mortality are more common in this population. A plethora of mechanisms and risk factors contribute to the higher risk of infection in the old population. For instance, aging is associated with an increment in the expression of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE-2), the receptor for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which precipitates replication of the virus in the old population. On the other hand, immune dysregulation and changes in gut microbiota as a result of aging can contribute to the cytokine storm, one of the main indicators of disease severity. Decrement in sex steroids, especially in women, as well as growth hormone, both of which have crucial roles in immune regulation, is a key contributor to disease severity in old age. Senescence-associated oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in both pneumocytes and immune cells contribute to the severity of infection in an exacerbative manner. In addition, lifestyle-associated factors such as nutrition and physical activity, which are compromised in old age, are known as important factors in COVID-19 infection. Aging-associated comorbidities, especially cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus, also put older adults at an increased risk of complications, and disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Kamali Zonouzi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammadmahdi Sabahi
- NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Neurosurgery Research Group (NRG), Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Mahsa Dolatshahi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hadi Aarabi
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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98
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Ghare Naz MS, Banaei M, Dashti S, Tehrani FR. An overview of sex hormones in relation to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Future Virol 2021. [PMID: 34306167 PMCID: PMC8293688 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2021-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Aim: Sex differences in COVID-19 outcomes might be explained from a sex hormones (SexHs) perspective. Materials & methods: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE and Google Scholar were searched up to March 2021. Results: Based on the literature review, the crosstalk between SexHs (estrogens, progesterone and testosterone), their receptors (estrogen α and β, androgen, and progesterone) and the immune system shaped the sex-related differences in immune responses against COVID-19. Differential production of SexHs over the lifespan (during pregnancy, reproductive years, menopause and andropause) and over different seasons may result in disparities in body response toward COVID-19. Moreover, SexHs-specific differences might affect vaccine efficacy and response to treatment. Conclusion: The roles of SexHs need to be considered in vaccine development and even treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Saei Ghare Naz
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717413, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Banaei
- Mother & Child Welfare Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, 7916613885, Iran
| | - Sareh Dashti
- Department of Midwifery, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, 9187147578, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717413, Iran
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99
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Sánchez-de Prada L, Ortiz de Lejarazu-Leonardo R, Castrodeza-Sanz J, Tamayo-Gómez E, Eiros-Bouza JM, Sanz-Muñoz I. Do Vaccines Need a Gender Perspective? Influenza Says Yes! Front Immunol 2021; 12:715688. [PMID: 34290718 PMCID: PMC8287332 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.715688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sex differences in immune responses are well known. However, the humoral response in males and females in the case of influenza vaccination is yet to be characterized since studies have shown uneven results. Methods A retrospective study was conducted in 2,243 individuals (46.9% males) divided by age (15-64 and ≥65 years old). A serological analysis was performed by hemagglutination inhibition assay (HI) just before and 28 days after annual vaccination against seasonal influenza viruses in people vaccinated during the 2006-2018 seasons. A comparison of the humoral responses against influenza A and B viruses contained in the vaccine, between male and female individuals in young adults and elderly was conducted. Results Significative higher humoral response against classical influenza A (H1N1), A(H1N1)pdm09 subtype and B/Victoria lineage in terms of seroconversion rate were found in elderly women. No significant differences were found in the case of A(H3N2) subtype. Conclusions Elderly women seem to display a greater humoral response against classical A(H1N1), pandemic A(H1N1)pmd09 and B/Victoria lineage than elderly men. Sex dimorphism does not affect young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sánchez-de Prada
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Castrodeza-Sanz
- National Influenza Center of Valladolid, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Tamayo-Gómez
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - José María Eiros-Bouza
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- National Influenza Center of Valladolid, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Iván Sanz-Muñoz
- National Influenza Center of Valladolid, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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100
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Flerlage T, Boyd DF, Meliopoulos V, Thomas PG, Schultz-Cherry S. Influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2: pathogenesis and host responses in the respiratory tract. Nat Rev Microbiol 2021; 19:425-441. [PMID: 33824495 PMCID: PMC8023351 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-021-00542-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Influenza viruses cause annual epidemics and occasional pandemics of respiratory tract infections that produce a wide spectrum of clinical disease severity in humans. The novel betacoronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in December 2019 and has since caused a pandemic. Both viral and host factors determine the extent and severity of virus-induced lung damage. The host's response to viral infection is necessary for viral clearance but may be deleterious and contribute to severe disease phenotypes. Similarly, tissue repair mechanisms are required for recovery from infection across the spectrum of disease severity; however, dysregulated repair responses may lead to chronic lung dysfunction. Understanding of the mechanisms of immunopathology and tissue repair following viral lower respiratory tract infection may broaden treatment options. In this Review, we discuss the pathogenesis, the contribution of the host response to severe clinical phenotypes and highlight early and late epithelial repair mechanisms following influenza virus infection, each of which has been well characterized. Although we are still learning about SARS-CoV-2 and its disease manifestations in humans, throughout the Review we discuss what is known about SARS-CoV-2 in the context of this broad knowledge of influenza virus, highlighting the similarities and differences between the respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Flerlage
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - David F Boyd
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Victoria Meliopoulos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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