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Li J, Guo X, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Chen L, Zheng W, Xue X. Effects of light quality on growth, nutritional characteristics, and antioxidant properties of winter wheat seedlings ( Triticum aestivum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:978468. [PMID: 36119584 PMCID: PMC9478206 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.978468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wheat seedlings are becoming popular for its high nutritional value. Effects of White (W), White + Red (WR), and White + Blue (WB) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) treatments on growth, nutritional characteristics and antioxidant properties of wheat seedlings were studied in a plant factory. The results showed that height, leaf area, shoot fresh, and shoot dry weight per wheat seedling were the highest under WR at 13 and 22 days after planting. Soluble sugar content in leaves and stems were 22.3 and 65% respectively higher under WB than those under W. Soluble protein content in leaves and stems were 36.8 and 15.2% respectively lower under WR than those under W. Contents of total flavonoids, glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (ASA) in leaves were the highest under WB, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) content in leaves was the lowest under WB. The activities of antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)] in leaves and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability were also the highest under WB. In conclusion, WR promoted the growth of wheat seedlings, and WB promoted antioxidant level and nutritional accumulation. This study provides guidance for wheat seedlings to carry out preferential production (biomass or quality).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Li
- National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolei Guo
- National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghua Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Chen
- National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Wengang Zheng
- National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xuzhang Xue
- National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, China
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Wang Y, Ouyang JX, Fan DM, Wang SM, Xuan YM, Wang XC, Zheng XQ. Transcriptome analysis of tea ( Camellia sinensis) leaves in response to ammonium starvation and recovery. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:963269. [PMID: 36119592 PMCID: PMC9472221 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.963269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The tea plant is a kind of ammonium-preferring crop, but the mechanism whereby ammonium (NH4 +) regulate its growth is not well understood. The current study focused on the effects of NH4 + on tea plants. Transcriptomic analysis was performed to investigate the early- and late-stage NH4 + deprivation and resupply in tea plants shoots. Through short- and long-term NH4 + deficiency, the dynamic response to NH4 + stress was investigated. The most significant effects of NH4 + deficiency were found to be on photosynthesis and gene ontology (GO) enrichment varied with the length of NH4 + deprivation. Enriched KEGG pathways were also different when NH4 + was resupplied at different concentrations which may indicate reasons for tolerance of high NH4 + concentration. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), modules related to significant tea components, tea polyphenols and free amino acids, were identified. Hence, NH4 + could be regarded as a signaling molecule with the response of catechins shown to be higher than that of amino acids. The current work represents a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of plant responses to NH4 + and reveals many potential genes regulated by NH4 + in tea plants. Such findings may lead to improvements in nitrogen efficiency of tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Xue Ouyang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Mei Fan
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Mao Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Min Xuan
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Chang Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Dafo Longjing, Xinchang, China
| | - Xin-Qiang Zheng
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Zhang M, Zhang X, Wang H, Ye M, Liu Y, Song Z, Du T, Cao H, Song L, Xiao X, Liu J, Zhang L, Song Y, Yang Q, Meng D, Wu J. Identification and Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNAs Related to UV-B-Induced Anthocyanin Biosynthesis During Blood-Fleshed Peach (Prunus persica) Ripening. Front Genet 2022; 13:932207. [PMID: 36017497 PMCID: PMC9395590 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.932207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood flesh is a key fruit trait in peaches (Prunus persica) and can be attributed to the accumulation of anthocyanins. The roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been highlighted by multiple studies in regulating fruit ripening, anthocyanin accumulation, and abiotic stress responses in many flowering plants. Such regulatory functions of lncRNAs in Prunus persica, nonetheless, have not been reported. In this research, we sequenced and analyzed the complete transcriptome of C3-20 (a blood-fleshed peach) fruit at four developmental stages. Analyses of the correlated genes and differentially expressed lncRNA target genes helped to forecast lncRNAs’ possible functions. The RNA-seq data were generated using high-throughput sequencing. In total, 17,456 putative lncRNAs, including 4,800 intergenic lncRNAs, 2,199 antisense lncRNAs, and 10,439 intronic lncRNAs were discovered, of which 4,871 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE-lncRNAs) were annotated in the fruit developmental processes. The target genes of these DE-lncRNAs and their regulatory relationship identifying 21,795 cis-regulated and 18,271 trans-regulated targets of the DE-lncRNAs were in a similar way predicted by us. The enriched GO terms for the target genes included anthocyanin biosynthesis. Flavonoid biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction were also included in the enriched KEGG pathways. Co-expression network construction demonstrated that the highly expressed genes might co-regulate multiple other genes associated with auxin signal transduction and take effect in equal pathways. We discovered that lncRNAs, including LNC_000987, LNC_000693, LNC_001323, LNC_003610, LNC_001263, and LNC_003380, correlated with fruit that ripened and could take part in ethylene biosynthesis and metabolism and the ABA signaling pathway. Several essential transcription factors, such as ERFs, WRKY70, NAC56, and NAC72, may in a similar way regulate fruit ripening. Three DE-lncRNAs, XLOC_011933, XLOC_001865, and XLOC_042291, are involved in UV-B-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis and positively regulating UVR8 and COP10, were identified and characterized. Our discovery and characterization of XLOC_011933, XLOC_001865, and XLOC_042291 provide a more precise understanding and preliminarily establishes a theoretical framework for UV-B-induced flesh anthocyanin biosynthesis. This phenomenon might encourage more in-depth investigations to study the molecular mechanisms underlying peach flesh coloring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Xiuqi Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Haijing Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Mao Ye
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yating Liu
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Zhihua Song
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Du
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Cao
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Liqin Song
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Jianzhen Liu
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yangbo Song
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Qing Yang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Meng
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dong Meng, ; Junkai Wu,
| | - Junkai Wu
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, Qinhuangdao, China
- *Correspondence: Dong Meng, ; Junkai Wu,
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Agarwal A, Di R, Falkowski PG. Light-harvesting complex gene regulation by a MYB-family transcription factor in the marine diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 153:59-70. [PMID: 35391595 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00915-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Unicellular photoautotrophs adapt to variations in light intensity by changing the abundance of light harvest pigment-protein complexes (LHCs) on time scales of hours to days. This process requires a feedback signal between the plastid (where light intensity is sensed) to the nucleus (where the genes for LHCs are encoded). The signals must include heretofore unidentified transcription factors that modify the expression level of the LHCs. Analysis of the nuclear genome of the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum revealed that all the lhc genes have potential binding sites for transcription factors belonging to the MYB-family proteins. Functional studies involving antisense RNA interference of a hypothetical protein with a MYB DNA-binding domain were performed. The resultant strains with altered photosynthetic and physiological characteristics lost their ability to acclimate to changes in irradiance; i.e., cellular chlorophyll content became independent of growth irradiance. Our results strongly suggest that the inter-organellar signaling cascade was disrupted, and the cell could no longer communicate the environmental signal from the plastid to the nucleus. Here, we identify, for the first time, an LHC Regulating Myb (LRM) transcription factor, which we propose is involved in lhc gene regulation and photoacclimation mechanisms in response to changes in light intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Agarwal
- Environmental Biophysics and Molecular Ecology Program, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Rong Di
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Paul G Falkowski
- Environmental Biophysics and Molecular Ecology Program, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
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Wada KC, Inagaki N, Sakai H, Yamashita H, Nakai Y, Fujimoto Z, Yonemaru J, Itoh H. Genetic effects of Red Lettuce Leaf genes on red coloration in leaf lettuce under artificial lighting conditions. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2022; 3:179-192. [PMID: 37283610 PMCID: PMC10168059 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Some cultivars of lettuce accumulate anthocyanins, which act as functional food ingredients. Leaf lettuce has been known to be erratic in exhibiting red color when grown under artificial light, and there is a need for cultivars that more stably exhibit red color in artificial light cultivation. In this study, we aimed to dissect the genetic architecture for red coloring in various leaf lettuce cultivars grown under artificial light. We investigated the genotype of Red Lettuce Leaf (RLL) genes in 133 leaf lettuce strains, some of which were obtained from publicly available resequencing data. By studying the allelic combination of RLL genes, we further analyzed the contribution of these genes to producing red coloring in leaf lettuce. From the quantification of phenolic compounds and corresponding transcriptome data, we revealed that gene expression level-dependent regulation of RLL1 (bHLH) and RLL2 (MYB) is the underlying mechanism conferring high anthocyanin accumulation in red leaf lettuce under artificial light cultivation. Our data suggest that different combinations of RLL genotypes cause quantitative differences in anthocyanin accumulation among cultivars, and some genotype combinations are more effective at producing red coloration even under artificial lighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaede C. Wada
- Breeding Big Data Management and Utilization Group, Division of Smart Breeding Research, Institute of Crop ScienceNational Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukubaJapan
| | - Noritoshi Inagaki
- Biomacromolecules Research Unit, Research Center for Advanced Analysis, Core Technology Research HeadquartersNational Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukubaJapan
| | - Hiroaki Sakai
- Bioinformatics Unit, Research Center for Advanced Analysis, Core Technology Research HeadquartersNational Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukubaJapan
| | - Hiroto Yamashita
- Breeding Big Data Management and Utilization Group, Division of Smart Breeding Research, Institute of Crop ScienceNational Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukubaJapan
| | - Yusuke Nakai
- Greenhouse Vegetable Production Group, Division of Field Crop and Vegetable Research, Kyushu‐Okinawa Agricultural Research CenterNational Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationKurumeJapan
| | - Zui Fujimoto
- Biomacromolecules Research Unit, Research Center for Advanced Analysis, Core Technology Research HeadquartersNational Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukubaJapan
| | - Jun‐ichi Yonemaru
- Breeding Big Data Management and Utilization Group, Division of Smart Breeding Research, Institute of Crop ScienceNational Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukubaJapan
| | - Hironori Itoh
- Breeding Big Data Management and Utilization Group, Division of Smart Breeding Research, Institute of Crop ScienceNational Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukubaJapan
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Acclimation Strategy of Masson Pine (Pinus massoniana) by Limiting Flavonoid and Terpenoid Production under Low Light and Drought. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158441. [PMID: 35955577 PMCID: PMC9368996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Low light and drought often limit the growth and performance of Masson pines (Pinus massoniana) in the subtropical forest ecosystem of China. We speculated that stress-induced defensive secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids and terpenoids, might influence the growth of Masson pines, considering the existence of tradeoffs between growth and defense. However, the mechanisms of Masson pines responsive to low light and drought at the levels of these two metabolites remain unclear. In the present work, the compositions of flavonoids and terpenoids, as well as their biosynthetic pathways, were revealed through metabolome and transcriptome analyses, respectively, coupled with a study on carbon allocation using a 13CO2-pulse-labeling experiment in two-year-old seedlings under low light (LL), drought (DR), and their combined stress (DL) compared to a control (CK). A total of 35 flavonoids and derivatives (LL vs. CK: 18; DR vs. CK: 20; and DL vs. CK: 18), as well as 29 terpenoids and derivatives (LL vs. CK: 23; DR vs. CK: 13; and DL vs. CK: 7), were differentially identified in the leaves. Surprisingly, most of them were decreased under all three stress regimes. At the transcriptomic level, most or all of the detected DEGs (differentially expressed genes) involved in the biosynthetic pathways of flavonoids and terpenoids were downregulated in phloem and xylem under stress treatments. This indicated that stress treatments limited the production of flavonoids and terpenoids. The reduction in the 13C allocation to stems might suggest that it is necessary for maintaining the growth of Masson pine seedlings at the whole-plant level by attenuating energetic resources to the biosynthetic pathways of flavonoids and terpenoids when facing the occurrence of adverse environments. Our results provide new insight into understanding the acclimation strategy of Masson pines or other conifers in adverse environments.
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Sustainable Food Production: Innovative Netting Concepts and Their Mode of Action on Fruit Crops. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14159264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Net application in agriculture has a long history. Nets were usually used for the protection of plants against different hazards (hail, wind, birds, pests, excessive sun radiation) and, lately, from insects (nets with smaller mesh size). In recent years, photoselective netting technology has emerged, which adds desired plant responses caused by light quality changes to their basic protective properties. A combination of anti-insect and photoselective net technology (anti-insect photoselective nets) may present a notable contribution to the sustainable food production concept. Notable positive effects of this eco-friendly approach on agroecosystems are mainly achievable due to its non-pesticide pest protection of cultivated plants and, at the same time, promotion of special beneficial morphological and physiological plant responses. Although netting has been extensively studied over the last decade, there is a pronounced lack of publications and analyses that deal with their mode of action on fruit trees, which is especially true for new netting concepts. A better understanding of such mechanisms can lead to improved development and/or utilization of this technology and enhanced generation of value-added products. This review was based on a revision of the literature regarding netting in agriculture, with emphasis on fruit cultivation, and the following databases were used: Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Although this study aims to comprehend a majority of fruit species, it narrows down to those usually net-protected and, hence, studied, such as apple, peach or nectarine, kiwifruit, blueberry, etc. Nets mainly differ in their mesh size and color, which are the parameters that mostly determine their capacity for light quantity and quality modification. Such light modifications, directly or indirectly (e.g., change in microclimate), initiate different fruit tree responses (in some cases, mechanisms) through which the final effect is realized on their vegetative and generative traits. For instance, some of them include a shade avoidance mechanism (initiated by changes in red to a far-red ratio, blue light levels, etc.), source–sink relationship, and carbohydrate availability (actualized by changes in photosynthesis efficiency, vegetative and generative growth, etc.), plant stress response (actualized by microclimate changes), etc. In most cases, these responses are interconnected, which contributes to the complexity of this topic and emphasizes the importance of a better understanding of it.
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Fang ZT, Jin J, Ye Y, He WZ, Shu ZF, Shao JN, Fu ZS, Lu JL, Ye JH. Effects of Different Shading Treatments on the Biomass and Transcriptome Profiles of Tea Leaves ( Camellia sinensis L.) and the Regulatory Effect on Phytohormone Biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:909765. [PMID: 35812958 PMCID: PMC9266624 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.909765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that colored net shading treatments had comparable effects on the reduction of bitter and astringent compounds such as flavonol glycosides in tea leaves, compared with black net shading treatment, whereas the effects on the biomass and phytohormones are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the phytohormone and transcriptome profiles of tea leaves under different shading treatments, using black, blue, and red nets with the same shade percentages. The bud density, fresh weight of 100 buds, and yield under blue net shading treatments were greatly elevated by 2.00-fold, 1.24-fold, and 2.48-fold, compared with black net shading treatment, while their effects on flavonoid composition were comparable with black net shading treatment. The transcriptome profiles of different shade net-treated samples were well resolved and discriminated from control. The KEGG result indicated that the pathways of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, MAPK signaling pathways, and plant hormone signal transduction were differentially regulated by different shading treatments. The co-expression analysis showed that the contents of salicylic acid and melatonin were closely correlated with certain light signal perception and signaling genes (p < 0.05), and UVR8, PHYE, CRY1, PHYB, PHOT2, and HY5 had more close interactions with phytohormone biosynthetic genes (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that different shading treatments can mediate the growth of tea plants, which could be attributed to the regulatory effect on phytohormones levels, providing an instruction for the production of summer/autumn tea and matcha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou-Tao Fang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Zhejiang Agricultural Technical Extension Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Zhong He
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, China
| | - Zai-Fa Shu
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, China
| | - Jing-Na Shao
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, China
| | - Zhu-Sheng Fu
- Zhejiang Minghuang Natural Products Development Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Liang Lu
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hui Ye
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Modulation of Light and Nitrogen for Quality-Traits Improvement: A Case Study of Altino Sweet Pepper. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8060499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Local varieties are known to cope more efficiently with stressful and/or low-input conditions than cultivated ones by activating secondary metabolisms and, hence, are supposed to have higher nutraceutical potential. In this work, we investigate the effects of N and light, supplied at optimal and sub-optimal levels, on the fruit yield and quality of a local ecotype of sweet pepper, Altino, grown in the Abruzzo Region (Southern Italy). In 2017, two open-field experiments were carried out, comparing increasing N rates (0, 100 and 200 kg N ha−1, 0_N, 100_N and 200_N, respectively) and different percentages of shading and/or manipulations of the transmitted solar radiation, obtained through photoselective nets (red net, RN; black net, BN; unshaded Control). Both N and light were preconditions to obtain stable yields in terms of both fruit number and fruit weights. However, BN significantly reduced the number of sunscalded fruits (0.39 vs. 3.38 and 2.59 fruit plant−1 for BN, Control and RN, respectively), leading to lower waste. N deficiency favoured higher total polyphenol (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents in ripened fruits; on the other hand, shading significantly reduced TPC (−12.4%) in immature and TFC (−18.2%) in red fruits. The variations in nutraceuticals were also evaluated in terms of the variations of the single phenolic acids in fruits during ripening; the most interesting results were associated with light treatments. Further research should be directed to the in-depth study of nutrition regimes, in combination with other photoselective nets applications (i.e., pearl nets), that could be suitable for the Altino genotype to enhance the yield and nutraceutical potentials of its fruits.
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Wang Z, Liu M, Yao M, Zhang X, Qu C, Du H, Lu K, Li J, Wei L, Liang Y. Rapeseed ( Brassica napus) Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 Enhances Shading Tolerance by Regulating the Photosynthesis Capability of Photosystem II. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:902989. [PMID: 35720537 PMCID: PMC9201689 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.902989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is the third-largest source of vegetable oil in the world with an edible, medicinal, and ornamental value. However, insufficient light or high planting density directly affects its growth, development, yield, and quality. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are serine/threonine protein kinases that play key roles in regulating the responses to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. In this study, we found that the promoter of BnaMAPK1 contained several light-responsive elements (including the AT1-motif, G-Box, and TCT-motif), consistent with its shading stress-induced upregulation. Compared with the wild type under shading stress, BnaMAPK1-overexpressing plants showed higher light capture efficiency and carbon assimilation capacity, enhancing their shading tolerance. Using RNA sequencing, we systematically investigated the function of BnaMAPK1 in shading stress on photosynthetic structure, Calvin cycle, and light-driven electron transport. Notably, numerous genes encoding light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins (BnaLHCBs) in photosystem II-light-harvesting complex (LHC) II supercomplex were significantly downregulated in the BnaMAPK1-overexpressing lines relative to the wild type under shading stress. Combining RNA sequencing and yeast library screening, a candidate interaction partner of BnaMAPK1 regulating in shading stress, BnaLHCB3, was obtained. Moreover, yeast two-hybrid and split-luciferase complementation assays confirmed the physical interaction relationship between BnaLHCB3 and BnaMAPK1, suggesting that BnaMAPK1 may involve in stabilizing the photosystem II-LHC II supercomplex. Taken together, our results demonstrate that BnaMAPK1 positively regulates photosynthesis capability to respond to shading stress in rapeseed, possibly by controlling antenna proteins complex in photosystem II, and could provide valuable information for further breeding for rapeseed stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Mengnan Yao
- Jiangsu Yanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cunmin Qu
- Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Hai Du
- Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun Lu
- Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiana Li
- Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijuan Wei
- Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
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Zhang H, Wang J, Tian S, Hao W, Du L. Two B-Box Proteins, MaBBX20 and MaBBX51, Coordinate Light-Induced Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Grape Hyacinth. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5678. [PMID: 35628488 PMCID: PMC9146254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Floral colour is an important agronomic trait that influences the commercial value of ornamental plants. Anthocyanins are a class of flavonoids and confer diverse colours, and elucidating the molecular mechanisms that regulate their pigmentation could facilitate artificial manipulation of flower colour in ornamental plants. Here, we investigated the regulatory mechanism of light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis during flower colouration in grape hyacinth (Muscari spp.). We studied the function of two B-box proteins, MaBBX20 and MaBBX51. The qPCR revealed that MaBBX20 and MaBBX51 were associated with light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis. Both MaBBX20 and MaBBX51 are transcript factors and are specifically localised in the nucleus. Besides, overexpression of MaBBX20 in tobacco slightly increased the anthocyanin content of the petals, but reduced in MaBBX51 overexpression lines. The yeast one-hybrid assays indicated that MaBBX20 and MaBBX51 did not directly bind to the MaMybA or MaDFR promoters, but MaHY5 did. The BiFC assay revealed that MaBBX20 and MaBBX51 physically interact with MaHY5. A dual luciferase assay further confirmed that the MaBBX20-MaHY5 complex can strongly activate the MaMybA and MaDFR transcription in tobacco. Moreover, MaBBX51 hampered MaBBX20-MaHY5 complex formation and repressed MaMybA and MaDFR transcription by physically interacting with MaHY5 and MaBBX20. Overall, the results suggest that MaBBX20 positively regulates light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in grape hyacinth, whereas MaBBX51 is a negative regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; (H.Z.); (J.W.); (S.T.); (W.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jiangyu Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; (H.Z.); (J.W.); (S.T.); (W.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Shuting Tian
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; (H.Z.); (J.W.); (S.T.); (W.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wenhui Hao
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; (H.Z.); (J.W.); (S.T.); (W.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Lingjuan Du
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; (H.Z.); (J.W.); (S.T.); (W.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
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Wu Y, Huang Z, Zhang C, Shi C, Lyu L, Li W, Wu W. Comparative Analysis of the Morphological, Physiological, Proteomic, and Metabolic Mechanisms of the "Biloxi" Blueberry Response to Shade Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:877789. [PMID: 35592566 PMCID: PMC9111170 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.877789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Blueberry is an important small berry crop in economic forests. In hot summers, the top tip of blueberry often burns and withers due to water loss. Therefore, this study subjected blueberry to shading treatment in the summer to study the effects of different shading treatments on the growth, morphology, physiology and protein levels of the plant. The results showed that the 50% shading (T1) treatment yielded the highest average increases in plant height, crown width, and ground diameter of blueberry. Under the 80% shading (T2) treatment, the cells of the leaves dissolved, the morphology was incomplete, the vascular bundles disappeared, and no supporting skeleton was detected. As demonstrated by physiological and biochemical data and the proteome expression levels, the T1 shading treatment was beneficial to the growth of blueberry and significantly enriched the photosynthetic pathway and flavonoid biosynthesis. An analysis of the interaction network of differentially expressed proteins indicated that trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase (C4H, CYP73A), naringenin 3-dioxygenase (F3H) and bifunctional dihydroflavonol 4-reductase/flavanone 4-reductase (DFR) exhibited high connectivity and mutual regulation. In short, 50% shading can improve the growth index of blueberry and lead to an enrichment of flavonoid biosynthesis. This study provides a scientific basis for the breeding and summer protection of blueberry seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengjin Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunhong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Chong Shi
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lianfei Lyu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Weilin Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenlong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
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63
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Shi Y, Yang L, Yu M, Li Z, Ke Z, Qian X, Ruan X, He L, Wei F, Zhao Y, Wang Q. Seasonal variation influences flavonoid biosynthesis path and content, and antioxidant activity of metabolites in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels & Gilg. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265954. [PMID: 35482747 PMCID: PMC9049315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental conditions contribute to plant growth and metabolism. This study aimed to determine a suitable environment and climate for large-scale artificial cultivation of an endangered plant, Tetrastigma hemsleyanum, by investigating the seasonal variations influencing the flavonoid biosynthetic selectivity and antioxidant activity of its major metabolites. Under conditions of precipitation (2.0~6.6 mm), temperature (17.5~24.1°C), humidity (67.3~80.2%), and sunshine duration (3.4~5.8 h) from April to May, the total flavonoid content in T. hemsleyanum reached higher levels between 281.3 and 392.8 μg/g. In the second half of April, the production selectivity (PS) of isoorientin (IsoO), orientin (Or), rutin (Rut), isoquercitin (IsoQ), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (Km3rut), astragalin (Ast), quercetin (Qu), apigenin (Ap), and kaempferol (Km) were 0.30, 0.06, 0.07, 0.07, 0.00, 0.04, 0.38, 0.05, and 0.03, respectively. Naringenin was dehydrogenated or hydroxylated to initiate two parallel reaction pathways for flavonoid biosynthesis in T. hemsleyanum: path I subsequently generated flavone derivatives including apigenin, luteolin, orientin, and isoorientin, and path II subsequently generated flavonol derivatives including Km, Qu, IsoQ, Rut, Ast, and Km3rut. The reaction selectivity of path II (RPSII) from January 1 to September 30 was considerably higher than that of path I (RPSI), except for March 16-31. In addition, either the content or antioxidant activity of three major metabolites in T. hemsleyanum followed the order of phenolic compounds > polysaccharides > sterols, and exhibited dynamic correlations with environmental factors. Naringenin favored hydroxylation and derived six flavonol compounds from January to September, and favored dehydrogenation and derived three flavone compounds from October to December. In most months of a year, Km preferentially favored hydroxylation rather than glucosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanShou Shi
- Ningbo Technology University, Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Li Yang
- Ningbo Technology University, Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | | | - ZhaoHui Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
| | - ZhiJun Ke
- Bureau of Natural Resources and Planning Xianju County, Taizhou, China
| | - XiaoHua Qian
- Ningbo Technology University, Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiao Ruan
- Ningbo Technology University, Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
- * E-mail: (QW); (XR)
| | | | - Feng Wei
- Ningbo Technology University, Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - YingXian Zhao
- Ningbo Technology University, Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Ningbo Technology University, Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
- * E-mail: (QW); (XR)
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Shi YC, Zhang W, Zhang SB. Biomass and Active Compounds Accumulation of the Medicinal Orchid Pleione bulbocodioides in Response to Light Intensity and Irrigation Frequency. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200056. [PMID: 35333442 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pseudobulbs of Pleione species are widely used as traditional medicine in Asian countries, but the mechanism of active compound accumulation remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the accumulation of biomass and three active compounds (dactylorhin A, militarine and batatasin III) of Pleione bulbocodioides in response to different light intensities and irrigation frequencies. We found that single high light (65 % of full sunlight) or drought stress (14-day irrigation interval) increased active compounds accumulation but the combined effect of these two treatments decreased the total content of these three active compounds. This decrease was due to the plants under combined stress having a significantly lower photosynthetic rate, leaf area and longevity, leading to a dramatic decrease in pseudobulb biomass. Among all treatments, the highest total content of active compounds was observed in plants subjected to the high light level with a high water level (3-day irrigation interval), and plants under medium light intensity (30 % of full sunlight) also had considerable content of active compounds accumulation. To balance the quality and quantity of Pleione pseudobulbs during artificial cultivation, 30∼65 % of full sunlight with the avoidance of drought stress is recommended. Our results suggest the accumulation of the three active compounds is significantly influenced by light intensity and irrigation frequency, which may contribute to the artificial cultivation and quality control of medicinal Pleione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China.,Lijiang Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lijiang, 674100, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China.,Lijiang Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lijiang, 674100, P. R. China
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Influence of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer Regimes on Growth Patterns and Antioxidants Capacity of Strawberry (Fragaria × Ananassa Duch.) cv. Chandler. J FOOD QUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/8618854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertilization, either in the form of organic or inorganic, always affects plant growth, yield, and nutritional quality of fruit crops. Further, the efficacy of fertilizers depends on various factors, including the area, climatic conditions, and cultivars. Rawalakot has ideal climatic conditions for growing strawberries. However, no studies related to the impact of different soil amendments on the growth habit and fruit quality of strawberries have been conducted so far. Therefore, in this study, different combinations of organic (farmyard manure (FYM) and poultry manure (PM)) and inorganic (urea) (N 150 kg/ha) fertilizers were used for comparison of growth pattern and postharvest quality of strawberry cv. Chandler. The organic and inorganic fertilizer regimes showed comparatively better results in terms of all the parameters studied. However, plants grown on soils amended with FYM equivalent to 75 kg N per ha + PM equivalent to 75 kg N per ha and FYM equivalent to 50 kg N per ha + PM equivalent to 50 kg N per ha + urea 50 kg N per ha showed 41% and 28% more survival percentage compared to control. Furthermore, the number of leaves, number of flowers, number of fruits, and yield were significantly high in plants grown on amended soil. Moreover, a significantly high amount of total soluble solids (10.0°Brix), titratable acidity (1.18%), ash (0.84%), fiber (3.03%), total phenols (7.61 μg gallic acid/g fresh weight), total flavonoids (7.93 mmol quercetin/100 g fresh weight), and total antioxidants (0.60 activity of FeSO4 mg/g fresh weight) was noted in comparison with control. Similarly, a combined treatment of FYM, PM, and urea also showed good results in terms of all the growth and fruit quality parameters as compared with other fertilizer regimes as well as control. However, the overall results of this study revealed that strawberries grown on soil amended with a combined dose of FYM equivalent to 75 kg N per ha + PM equivalent to 75 kg N per ha could be a potential dose for maximum yield and better quality fruits of strawberry.
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Guo X, Shakeel M, Wang D, Qu C, Yang S, Ahmad S, Song Z. Metabolome and transcriptome profiling unveil the mechanisms of light-induced anthocyanin synthesis in rabbiteye blueberry (vaccinium ashei: Reade). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:223. [PMID: 35488209 PMCID: PMC9052483 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03585-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blueberry is one of the most important fruit crops worldwide. Anthocyanin is an important secondary metabolites that affects the appearance and nutritive quality of blueberries. However, few studies have focused on the molecular mechanism underlying anthocyanin accumulation induced by light intensity in blueberries. RESULTS The metabolic analysis revealed that there were 134 significantly changed metabolites in the natural light compared to the control, and flavone, flavonol, and anthocyanins were the most significantly increased. Transcriptome analysis found 6 candidate genes for the anthocyanin synthesis pathway. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) results confirmed changes in the expression levels of genes encoding metabolites involved in the flavonoid synthesis pathways. The flavonoid metabolic flux in the light intensity-treatment increased the accumulation of delphinidin-3-O-arabinoside compared to under the shading-treatment. Furthermore, we performed qRT-PCR analysis of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes and predicted that the gene of VcF3'5'H4 may be a candidate gene for anthocyanin accumulation and is highly expressed in light intensity-treated fruit. Through the co-expression analysis of transcription factors and anthocyanin synthesis pathway genes, we found that the VcbHLH004 gene may regulate VcF3'5'H4, and then we transformed VcbHLH004 heterologously into tomato to verify its function. CONCLUSION These results provide novel insights into light intensity regulation of blueberry anthocyanin accumulation and represent a valuable data set to guide future functional studies and blueberry breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Guo
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Huizhou College, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Muhammad Shakeel
- Department of Entomology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Delu Wang
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Chunpu Qu
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shimei Yang
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shahbaz Ahmad
- Department of Entomology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zejun Song
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Physicochemical Characteristics and Nutritional Composition during Fruit Ripening of Akebia trifoliata (Lardizabalaceae). HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8040326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Akebia trifoliata is a high-value medicinal and edible fruit crop in China, and it has begun to be widely cultivated as a new fruit crop in many areas of China. Its fruits crack longitudinally when fully ripe and should be harvested before fruit cracking. Physicochemical characteristics and nutritional composition of the ripening process are prerequisites to establishing proper harvest maturity windows. In the current study, we have investigated the fruit quality characteristics of two A. trifoliata clonal lines (‘Luqing’ and ‘Luyu’) that were harvested at four time points (S1: 120 days after full bloom (DAFB), S2: 134 DAFB, S3: 148 DAFB, S4: 155 DAFB). An increase in fruit size (fruit weight, fruit length, and fruit diameter) was associated with delayed harvest maturity. The firmness of A. trifoliata fruit exhibited a decreasing trend with delaying the harvest stage. In particular, the firmness decreased sharply from S2 to S3 stage. The TSS, fructose, and glucose content in A. trifoliata fruit continuously increased from the S1 to S4 stage and accumulated sharply from S2 to S3 stage. However, the sucrose and starch content showed an increasing trend from the S1 to S2 stage but declined sharply in the S3 or S4 stage. Ascorbic acid progressively increased with the advancement of A. trifoliata maturity stages, while total phenolics and total flavonoids levels declined with fruit ripening. Considering the results of all quality parameters mentioned above, the A. trifoliata fruit harvested at the S3 maturity stage was the ideal harvest maturity for long-distance transportation and higher consumer acceptability before fruit cracking. Our research reveals the dynamic changes in physicochemical characteristics and nutritional composition during fruit ripening of A. trifoliata. Results in this study reflect the importance of maturity stages for fruit quality and provide basic information for optimal harvest management of A. trifoliata.
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Guzowska M, Wawrzyniak R, Wasiak W. Seasonal Variability and Effect of Sample Storage on Volatile Components in Calypogeia azurea. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082426. [PMID: 35458624 PMCID: PMC9029045 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A change in the composition of specialized metabolites is often observed in stressed plants. Phytochemicals play an important role in adapting plants to the environment, particularly overcoming stress conditions such as temperature, humidity, and light intensity. In this study, seasonal variations in the concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were analysed in species of Calypogeia azurea. The article presents the effect of sample storage on volatile organic compounds present in Calypogeia liverwort cells and whether the collection habitats of the sample affect the content of phytochemicals. The VOCs of the species within the liverwort Calypogeia azurea were analysed by GC-MS. Compounds were isolated from plant material using the HS-SPME technique. The samples were collected over several years (2019–2021). Of the several dozen samples collected, 79 compounds were isolated, of which 47 were identified.
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Shao D, Zhu QH, Liang Q, Wang X, Li Y, Sun Y, Zhang X, Liu F, Xue F, Sun J. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Differences in Anthocyanin Accumulation in Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) Induced by Red and Blue Light. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:788828. [PMID: 35432402 PMCID: PMC9009209 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.788828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many factors, including illumination, affect anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation in plants. light quality is the key factor affecting the process of photoinduced anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation. We observed that the red color of the Upland cotton accession Huiyuan with the R1 mutation turned to normal green color under light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which inspired us to investigate the effect of red and blue lights on the biosynthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins. We found that both red and blue lights elevated accumulation of anthocyanins. Comparative transcriptomic analyses, including Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and GSEA, revealed that genes differentially expressed under different light conditions were enriched with the pathways of circadian rhythm, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, anthocyanin biosynthesis, and flavone and flavonol biosynthesis. Not surprisingly, all the major structural genes related to biosynthesis of anthocyanins, including the key regulatory MYB transcription factor (GhPAP1D) and anthocyanin transporter (GhGSTF12), were induced by red or blue light treatment. However, LARs and MATEs related to biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins were more significantly up-regulated by red light radiation than by blue light radiation. Vice versa, the accumulation of anthocyanins under red light was not as high as that under blue light. In addition, we demonstrated a potential role of GhHY5, a key regulator in plant circadian rhythms, in regulation of anthocyanin accumulation, which could be achieved via interaction with GhPAP1D. Together, these results indicate different effect of red and blue lights on biosynthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins and a potential module including GhHY5 and GhPAP1D in regulation of anthocyanin accumulation in cotton. These results also suggest that the substrates responsible the synthesis of anthocyanins under blue light is diverted to biosynthesis of proanthocyanidin under red light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongnan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Qian-hao Zhu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Qian Liang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yuqiang Sun
- Plant Genomics and Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Laboratory, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Fei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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Exploring the Effect of Methyl Jasmonate on the Expression of microRNAs Involved in Biosynthesis of Active Compounds of Rosemary Cell Suspension Cultures through RNA-Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073704. [PMID: 35409063 PMCID: PMC8998883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Our aim in the experiment was to study the effects of methyl jasmonates (MeJA) on the active compounds of rosemary suspension cells, the metabolites' change of contents under different concentrations of MeJA, including 0 (CK), 10 (M10), 50 (M50) and 100 μM MeJA (M100). The results demonstrated that MeJA treatments promoted the accumulation of rosmarinic acid (RA), carnosic acid (CA), flavonoids, jasmonate (JA), gibberellin (GA), and auxin (IAA); but reduced the accumulations of abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and aspartate (Asp). In addition, 50 and 100 μM MeJA promoted the accumulation of alanine (Ala) and glutamate (Glu), and 50 μM MeJA promoted the accumulation of linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid in rosemary suspension cells. Comparative RNA-sequencing analysis of different concentrations of MeJA showed that a total of 30, 61, and 39 miRNAs were differentially expressed in the comparisons of CKvsM10, CKvsM50, CKvsM100, respectively. The analysis of the target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs showed that plant hormone signal transduction, linoleic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism-related genes were significantly enriched. In addition, we found that miR160a-5p target ARF, miR171d_1 and miR171f_3 target DELLA, miR171b-3p target ETR, and miR156a target BRI1, which played a key role in rosemary suspension cells under MeJA treatments. qRT-PCR of 12 differentially expressed miRNAs and their target genes showed a high correlation between the RNA-seq and the qRT-PCR result. Amplification culture of rosemary suspension cells in a 5 L stirred bioreactor showed that cell biomass accumulation in the bioreactor was less than that in the shake flask under the same conditions, and the whole cultivation period was extended to 14 d. Taken together, MeJA promoted the synthesis of the active compounds in rosemary suspension cells in a wide concentration range via concentration-dependent differential expression patterns. This study provided an overall view of the miRNAs responding to MeJA in rosemary.
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Darko E, Hamow KA, Marček T, Dernovics M, Ahres M, Galiba G. Modulated Light Dependence of Growth, Flowering, and the Accumulation of Secondary Metabolites in Chilli. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:801656. [PMID: 35392509 PMCID: PMC8981241 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.801656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chili is widely used as a food additive and a flavouring and colouring agent and also has great importance in health preservation and therapy due to the abundant presence of many bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, and capsaicinoids. Most of these secondary metabolites are strong antioxidants. In the present study, the effect of light intensity and spectral composition was studied on the growth, flowering, and yield of chilli together with the accumulation of secondary metabolites in the fruit. Two light intensities (300 and 500 μmol m-2 s-1) were applied in different spectral compositions. A broad white LED spectrum with and without FR application and with blue LED supplement was compared to blue and red LED lightings in different (80/20 and 95/5%) blue/red ratios. High light intensity increased the harvest index (fruit yield vs. biomass production) and reduced the flowering time of the plants. The amount of secondary metabolites in the fruit varied both by light intensity and spectral compositions; phenolic content and the radical scavenging activity were stimulated, whereas capsaicin accumulation was suppressed by blue light. The red colour of the fruit (provided by carotenoids) was inversely correlated with the absolute amount of blue, green, and far-red light. Based on the results, a schematic model was created, representing light-dependent metabolic changes in chilli. The results indicated that the accumulation of secondary metabolites could be modified by the adjustment of light intensity and spectral composition; however, different types of metabolites required different light environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Darko
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Kamirán A. Hamow
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Tihana Marček
- Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mihály Dernovics
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Mohamed Ahres
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Gábor Galiba
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
- Georgicon Faculty, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Keszthely, Hungary
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Liang W, Weimei Z, Chen Y, Sun J, Guo F, Hu J, Gao W, Li X. Quality evaluation of different varieties of rhubarb based on multicomponent and bioactivity: Committed to quality control in the production of rhubarb decoction pieces. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5368. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin PR China
- Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Lab of Crop Genetic & Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Provincial Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou PR China
| | - Zhang Weimei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin PR China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Lab of Crop Genetic & Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Provincial Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou PR China
| | - Jiachen Sun
- School of Biotechnology and Food Science Tianjin University of Commerce Tianjin PR China
| | - Fengxia Guo
- Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Lab of Crop Genetic & Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Provincial Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou PR China
| | - Jing Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin PR China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin PR China
- College of pharmacy Qinghai Minzu University Qinhai PR China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin PR China
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Identification of the Regulatory Genes of UV-B-Induced Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Pepper Fruit. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041960. [PMID: 35216077 PMCID: PMC8879456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit peels of certain pepper (Capsicum annum L.) varieties accumulate a large amount of anthocyanins and exhibit purple color under medium-wave ultraviolet (UV-B) conditions, which severely impacts the commodity value of peppers. However, the regulatory mechanism of the above process has not been well studied so far. To explore which key genes are involved in this regulatory mechanism, pepper variety 19Q6100, the fruit peels of which turn purple under UV-B conditions, was investigated in this study. Transcription factors with expression levels significantly impacted by UV-B were identified by RNA-seq. Those genes may be involved in the regulation of UV-B-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis. Yeast one-hybrid results revealed that seven transcription factors, CabHLH143, CaMYB113, CabHLH137, CaMYBG, CaWRKY41, CaWRKY44 and CaWRKY53 directly bound to the putative promotor regions of the structural genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. CaMYB113 was found to interact with CabHLH143 and CaHY5 by yeast two-hybrid assay, and those three genes may participate collaboratively in UV-B-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in pepper fruit. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) indicated that fruit peels of CaMYB113-silenced plants were unable to turn purple under UV-B conditions. These findings could deepen our understanding of UV-B-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in pepper.
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Wang DR, Yang K, Wang X, Lin XL, Rui L, Liu HF, Liu DD, You CX. Overexpression of MdZAT5, an C2H2-Type Zinc Finger Protein, Regulates Anthocyanin Accumulation and Salt Stress Response in Apple Calli and Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031897. [PMID: 35163816 PMCID: PMC8836528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger proteins are widely involved and play an important role in plant growth and abiotic stress. In this research, MdZAT5, a gene encoding C2H2-type zinc finger protein, was cloned and investigated. The MdZAT5 was highly expressed in flower tissues by qRT-PCR analyses and GUS staining. Promoter analysis showed that MdZAT5 contained multiple response elements, and the expression levels of MdZAT5 were induced by various abiotic stress treatments. Overexpression of MdZAT5 in apple calli positively regulated anthocyanin accumulation by activating the expressions of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes. Overexpression of MdZAT5 in Arabidopsis also enhanced the accumulation of anthocyanin. In addition, MdZAT5 increased the sensitivity to salt stress in apple calli. Ectopic expression of MdZAT5 in Arabidopsis reduced the expression of salt-stress-related genes (AtNHX1 and AtABI1) and improved the sensitivity to salt stress. In conclusion, these results suggest that MdZAT5 plays a positive regulatory role in anthocyanin accumulation and negatively regulates salt resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Ru Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (D.-R.W.); (K.Y.); (X.W.); (L.R.); (H.-F.L.)
| | - Kuo Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (D.-R.W.); (K.Y.); (X.W.); (L.R.); (H.-F.L.)
| | - Xun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (D.-R.W.); (K.Y.); (X.W.); (L.R.); (H.-F.L.)
| | - Xiao-Lu Lin
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China;
| | - Lin Rui
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (D.-R.W.); (K.Y.); (X.W.); (L.R.); (H.-F.L.)
| | - Hao-Feng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (D.-R.W.); (K.Y.); (X.W.); (L.R.); (H.-F.L.)
| | - Dan-Dan Liu
- College of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Correspondence: (D.-D.L.); (C.-X.Y.)
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (D.-R.W.); (K.Y.); (X.W.); (L.R.); (H.-F.L.)
- Correspondence: (D.-D.L.); (C.-X.Y.)
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Influence of Sunlight Incidence and Fruit Chemical Features on Oviposition Site Selection in Mango by Anastrepha obliqua: Implications for Management. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13020141. [PMID: 35206715 PMCID: PMC8880634 DOI: 10.3390/insects13020141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of identifying key factors that determine oviposition decisions by Anastrepha obliqua for management purposes, we conducted a behavioral study under natural/semi-natural field conditions to identify where exactly in the fruit (upper, middle, or lower sections) females preferred to lay eggs in a highly susceptible mango cultivar (“Criollo”), and whether sunlight incidence and fruit chemical compounds influenced oviposition site selection by this pestiferous fly. Females oviposited in shaded, upper fruit sections where pulp had higher total carbohydrate concentrations but similar total protein, lipid, and polyphenol concentrations than non-oviposited sections. Peel had higher overall nutrient and mangiferin/quercetin-3-D-galactoside (polyphenols) concentrations. An untargeted metabolomic analysis of oviposited and non-oviposited fruit sections identified abscisic acid (ABA) and dihydrophaseic acid glucoside, a by-product of ABA catabolism, as potential chemical markers that could play a role in fruit acceptance behaviors by female flies. We conclude that females preferentially oviposit in fruit sections with optimal chemical and environmental conditions for larval development: more carbohydrates and antioxidants such as mangiferin and ferulic acid and lesser sunlight exposure to avoid lethal egg/larval desiccation/overheating. We make specific recommendations for A. obliqua management based on female host selection behavior, a tree pruning scheme exposing fruit to direct sunlight, application of a host marking pheromone, and the use of egg sinks in the orchard.
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76
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Chen MZ, Zhong XM, Lin HS, Qin XM. Combined Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis of Musa nana Laur. Peel Treated With UV-C Reveals the Involvement of Key Metabolic Pathways. Front Genet 2022; 12:792991. [PMID: 35154246 PMCID: PMC8830439 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.792991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing attention is being given to treat fruits with ultraviolet C (UV-C) irradiation to extend shelf-life, senescence, and protection from different diseases during storage. However, the detailed understanding of the pathways and key changes in gene expression and metabolite accumulation related to UV-C treatments are yet to be explored. This study is a first attempt to understand such changes in banana peel irradiated with UV-C. We treated Musa nana Laur. with 0.02 KJ/m2 UV-C irradiation for 0, 4, 8, 12, 15, and 18 days and studied the physiological and quality indicators. We found that UV-C treatment reduces weight loss and decay rate, while increased the accumulation of total phenols and flavonoids. Similarly, our results demonstrated that UV-C treatment increases the activity of defense and antioxidant system related enzymes. We observed that UV-C treatment for 8 days is beneficial for M. nana peels. The peels of M. nana treated with UV-C for 8 days were then subjected to combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis. In total, there were 425 and 38 differentially expressed genes and accumulated metabolites, respectively. We found that UV-C treatment increased the expression of genes in secondary metabolite biosynthesis related pathways. Concomitant changes in the metabolite accumulation were observed. Key pathways that were responsive to UV-C irradiation include flavonoid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid bios6ynthesis, plant-pathogen interaction, MAPK signaling (plant), and plant hormone signal transduction pathway. We concluded that UV-C treatment imparts beneficial effects on banana peels by triggering defense responses against disease, inducing expression of flavonoid and alkaloid biosynthesis genes, and activating phytohormone and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-zhong Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Yangjiang Polytechnic, Yangjiang, China
| | | | - Hai-Sheng Lin
- College of Food Science and Technology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Qin
- College of Food Science and Technology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
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77
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Zhang S, Sun F, Zhang C, Zhang M, Wang W, Zhang C, Xi Y. Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and a Regulatory Network of Different-Colored Wheat Grains Revealed by Multiomics Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:887-900. [PMID: 35029408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Colored wheat has always been a popular research area because of its high performance in the field and significant medical uses. Progress has been made mapping the genes of purple or blue grains; however, the reason why different grain colors form in wheat is not well understood. We created wheat lines with different grain colors (purple and blue) using the white grain cultivar Xiaoyan22 and located the candidate region related to the purple and blue grains in chromosome 2A, 2B, and 4D, 2A, respectively, by the bulked segregant RNA-seq. The transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of the three grains at different developmental stages indicated that the upregulation of flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase/flavonoid 3',5'hydroxylase 2 and TaMYC1/TaMYC4 was important for the formation of purple/blue grains. The blue TaMYC4 had 16 nonsynonymous single nucleotide variants verified by Sanger sequencing and possessed a different splicing mode in the bHLH_MYC_N domain compared with the reference database. Targeted high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry analysis of anthocyanins found that the purple and blue grains contained more pelargonidin, cyanidin, and delphinidin, respectively. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the different color formations of wheat grains and useful information about genetic improvements in wheat and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fengli Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chuqiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Mingting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yajun Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Reyes Jara AM, Gómez Lobato ME, Civello PM, Martínez GA. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase is more relevant than Chalcone synthase and Chalcone isomerase in the biosynthesis of flavonoids during postharvest senescence of broccoli. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14054. [PMID: 35034357 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Broccoli contains a high content of nutraceutical compounds, such as glucosinolates and flavonoids. In this work, the effect of different treatments that modulate postharvest senescence of broccoli was evaluated and flavonoid metabolism during postharvest storage was analyzed at 20°C. A decrease in hue angle (HUE°) and chlorophylls and an increase in flavonoid content were detected during senescence. It observed that most of the treatments that delayed senescence also decreased flavonoid content, except visible light and UV-C treatments. In all cases, a direct correlation between those treatments that increased flavonoid biosynthesis and BoPAL gene expression was detected. This response was not detected in the expression of the other two flavonoid synthesis relevant genes BoCHS and BoCHI, suggesting that BoPAL has a greater influence on the regulation of the via, during broccoli senescence. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Broccoli is a vegetable with valuable nutritional properties. Because it is in full development at the time of harvest, it has a short shelf life. In this work, it is showed that visible light and UV-C treatments not only delayed the senescence of broccoli, but also increased flavonoid content. Our results suggest that the most important enzyme in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway during broccoli postharvest is phenylalanine ammonia lyase, and that this may be a key point in regulating the biosynthesis of these nutritionally valuable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pedro M Civello
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE) UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gustavo A Martínez
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE) UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
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79
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Zhang P, Lu S, Liu Z, Zheng T, Dong T, Jin H, Jia H, Fang J. Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Profiling Reveals the Effect of LED Light Quality on Fruit Ripening and Anthocyanin Accumulation in Cabernet Sauvignon Grape. Front Nutr 2022; 8:790697. [PMID: 34970581 PMCID: PMC8713590 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.790697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Different light qualities have various impacts on the formation of fruit quality. The present study explored the influence of different visible light spectra (red, green, blue, and white) on the formation of quality traits and their metabolic pathways in grape berries. We found that blue light and red light had different effects on the berries. Compared with white light, blue light significantly increased the anthocyanins (malvidin-3-O-glucoside and peonidin-3-O-glucoside), volatile substances (alcohols and phenols), and soluble sugars (glucose and fructose), reduced the organic acids (citric acid and malic acid), whereas red light achieved the opposite effect. Transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses revealed that 2707, 2547, 2145, and 2583 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and (221, 19), (254, 22), (189, 17), and (234, 80) significantly changed metabolites (SCMs) were filtered in the dark vs. blue light, green light, red light, and white light, respectively. According to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses, most of the DEGs identified were involved in photosynthesis and biosynthesis of flavonoids and flavonols. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of 23410 highly expressed genes, two modules significantly related to anthocyanins and soluble sugars were screened out. The anthocyanins accumulation is significantly associated with increased expression of transcription factors (VvHY5, VvMYB90, VvMYB86) and anthocyanin structural genes (VvC4H, Vv4CL, VvCHS3, VvCHI1, VvCHI2, VvDFR), while significantly negatively correlated with VvPIF4. VvISA1, VvISA2, VvAMY1, VvCWINV, VvβGLU12, and VvFK12 were all related to starch and sucrose metabolism. These findings help elucidate the characteristics of different light qualities on the formation of plant traits and can inform the use of supplemental light in the field and after harvest to improve the overall quality of fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Suwen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huanchun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haifeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingggui Fang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Samkumar A, Karppinen K, McGhie TK, Espley RV, Martinussen I, Jaakola L. Flavonoid biosynthesis is differentially altered in detached and attached ripening bilberries in response to spectral light quality. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:969934. [PMID: 35937358 PMCID: PMC9355381 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.969934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Light spectral quality is known to affect flavonoid biosynthesis during fruit ripening. However, the response of fruits to different light conditions, when ripening autonomously from the parent plant (detached), has been less explored. In this study, we analyzed the effect of light quality on detached and naturally ripening (attached) non-climacteric wild bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) fruits accumulating high amounts of anthocyanins and flavonols. Our results indicated contrasting responses for the accumulation of phenolic compounds in the berries in response to red and blue light treatments. For detached berries, supplemental blue light resulted in the highest accumulation of anthocyanins, while naturally ripening berries had elevated accumulation under supplemental red light treatment. Both red and blue supplemental light increased the expression levels of all the major structural genes of the flavonoid pathway during ripening. Notably, the key regulatory gene of anthocyanin biosynthesis, VmMYBA1, was found to express fivefold higher under blue light treatment in the detached berries compared to the control. The red light treatment of naturally ripening berries selectively increased the delphinidin branch of anthocyanins, whereas in detached berries, blue light increased other anthocyanin classes along with delphinidins. In addition, red and far-red light had a positive influence on the accumulation of flavonols, especially quercetin and myricetin glycoside derivatives, in both ripening conditions. Our results of differential light effects on attached and detached berries, which lacks signaling from the mother plant, provide new insights in understanding the light-mediated regulatory mechanisms in non-climacteric fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos Samkumar
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- *Correspondence: Amos Samkumar,
| | - Katja Karppinen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tony K. McGhie
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Richard V. Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Inger Martinussen
- Department of Horticulture, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Horticulture, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
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Shehzad MA, Khan MA, Ali A, Mohammad S, Noureldeen A, Darwish H, Ali A, Ahmad A, Khan T, Khan RS. Interactive effects of zinc oxide nano particles and different light regimes on growth and silymarin biosynthesis in callus cultures of Silybum marianum L. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 49:523-535. [PMID: 34187267 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2021.1946069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Silybum marianum L. commonly known as milk thistle is a medicinally potent plant with a multitude of pharmacological applications. The present investigations demonstrated the effects of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on callus growth and biosynthesis of silymarin in milk thistle under various light conditions. The callus cultures developed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal media containing ZnO NPs (0.15 mg/L), under the dark condition maintained for two weeks, followed by transference into normal light produced the maximum callus fresh weight (2294 mg/L FW). Further, the metabolite profiling revealed that ZnO NPs significantly augmented the production of silymarin and upregulated the antioxidant system in the callus cultures. Maximum TPC (total phenolic content: 37 ± 0.20 mg/g DW), TFC (total flavonoid content: 8.9 ± 0.023), DPPH antioxidant activity (91.5 ± 1.75%), Superoxide dismutase activity (SOD: 4.1 ± 0.045 nM/min/mg FW) and the highest silymarin content (14.6 ± 0.023 mg/g DW) were recorded in the callus cultures developed on MS media supplemented with solitary ZnO NPs (0.15 mg/L). While the callus culture evolved in presence of only PGRs (2,4 D and BA: 2 mg/L, each) accumulated the lesser fresh weight (562 mg/L FW). A higher concentration of ZnO NPs (0.15 mg/L) enhanced the secondary metabolite accumulation and silymarin content in the callus of Silybum marianum. This is the first standardized protocol to be applied on the industrial level for the production of silymarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aamir Shehzad
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan (AWKUM), Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Mubarak Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan (AWKUM), Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Amir Ali
- Biotechnology Lab, Agricultural Research Institute (ARI), Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Sher Mohammad
- Biotechnology Lab, Agricultural Research Institute (ARI), Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Noureldeen
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeer Darwish
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asif Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan (AWKUM), Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Ayaz Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan (AWKUM), Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Raham Sher Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan (AWKUM), Mardan, Pakistan
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82
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Zhang H, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Guo D, Zhao X, Gao W, Zhang J, Song B. StWRKY13 promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis in potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 49:102-114. [PMID: 34794538 DOI: 10.1071/fp21109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Although the role of WRKY transcription factors (TFs) in colour formation has been reported in several species, their function in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) anthocyanin biosynthesis remains unclear. In this study, the potato WRKY gene StWRKY13 was isolated and characterised. Expression analysis revealed a significantly higher StWRKY13 expression in chromatic tubers than in yellow ones. Transient activation assays showed that StWRKY13 could enhance the role of StAN2 in promoting anthocyanin biosynthesis in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Over-expressing the StWRKY13 gene promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis in potato tubers. Further investigations indicated that StWRKY13 could interact with the StCHS, StF3H, StDFR, and StANS gene promoters and significantly enhance their activities. Our findings showed that StWRKY13 could promote anthocyanin biosynthesis by activating StCHS, StF3H, StDFR, and StANS transcription in potato tubers, thereby supporting the theoretical basis for anthocyanins formation in coloured potato tubers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghua Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dalong Guo
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xijuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China; and College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Gao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, People's Republic of China
| | - Juping Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, People's Republic of China
| | - Botao Song
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
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83
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Jin J, Lv YQ, He WZ, Li D, Ye Y, Shu ZF, Shao JN, Zhou JH, Chen DM, Li QS, Ye JH. Screening the Key Region of Sunlight Regulating the Flavonoid Profiles of Young Shoots in Tea Plants ( Camellia sinensis L.) Based on a Field Experiment. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237158. [PMID: 34885740 PMCID: PMC8659094 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Both UV and blue light have been reported to regulate the biosynthesis of flavonoids in tea plants; however, the respective contributions of the corresponding regions of sunlight are unclear. Additionally, different tea cultivars may respond differently to altered light conditions. We investigated the responses of different cultivars (‘Longjing 43’, ‘Zhongming 192’, ‘Wanghai 1’, ‘Jingning 1’ and ‘Zhonghuang 2’) to the shade treatments (black and colored nets) regarding the biosynthesis of flavonoids. For all cultivars, flavonol glycosides showed higher sensitivity to light conditions compared with catechins. The levels of total flavonol glycosides in the young shoots of different tea cultivars decreased with the shade percentages of polyethylene nets increasing from 70% to 95%. Myricetin glycosides and quercetin glycosides were more sensitive to light conditions than kaempferol glycosides. The principal component analysis (PCA) result indicated that shade treatment greatly impacted the profiles of flavonoids in different tea samples based on the cultivar characteristics. UV is the crucial region of sunlight enhancing flavonol glycoside biosynthesis in tea shoots, which is also slight impacted by light quality according to the results of the weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). This study clarified the contributions of different wavelength regions of sunlight in a field experiment, providing a potential direction for slightly bitter and astringent tea cultivar breeding and instructive guidance for practical field production of premium teas based on light regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Zhejiang Agricultural Technical Extension Center, 29 Fengqi East Road, Hangzhou 310020, China;
| | - Yi-Qing Lv
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, China; (Y.-Q.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.-H.Z.); (D.-M.C.)
| | - Wei-Zhong He
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui 323000, China; (W.-Z.H.); (Z.-F.S.); (J.-N.S.)
| | - Da Li
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;
| | - Ying Ye
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, China; (Y.-Q.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.-H.Z.); (D.-M.C.)
| | - Zai-Fa Shu
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui 323000, China; (W.-Z.H.); (Z.-F.S.); (J.-N.S.)
| | - Jing-Na Shao
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui 323000, China; (W.-Z.H.); (Z.-F.S.); (J.-N.S.)
| | - Jia-Hao Zhou
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, China; (Y.-Q.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.-H.Z.); (D.-M.C.)
| | - Ding-Mi Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, China; (Y.-Q.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.-H.Z.); (D.-M.C.)
| | - Qing-Sheng Li
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;
- Correspondence: (Q.-S.L.); (J.-H.Y.)
| | - Jian-Hui Ye
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, China; (Y.-Q.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.-H.Z.); (D.-M.C.)
- Correspondence: (Q.-S.L.); (J.-H.Y.)
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84
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Yang N, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Xi Z, Wang X. Emerging roles of brassinosteroids and light in anthocyanin biosynthesis and ripeness of climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-13. [PMID: 34793267 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2004579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are important pigments that contribute to fruit quality. The regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis by several transcription factors via sophisticated regulatory networks has been studied in various plants. Brassinosteroids (BRs), a new class of plant hormone, are involved in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in fruits. Furthermore, light directly affects the synthesis and distribution of anthocyanins. Here, we summarize the recent progress toward understanding the impact of BR and light on anthocyanin biosynthesis in climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. We review the BR and light signaling pathways and highlight the important transcription factors that are associated with the synthesis of anthocyanins, such as BZR1 (brassinazole-resistant 1, BR signaling pathway), HY5 (elongated hypocotyl 5) and COP1 (constitutively photomorphogenic 1, light signal transduction pathway), which bind with the target genes involved in anthocyanin synthesis. In addition, we review the mechanism by which light signals interact with hormonal signals to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Yang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yali Zhou
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Wang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Yangling, China
| | - Zhumei Xi
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Yangling, China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Yangling, China
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85
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Cappellini F, Marinelli A, Toccaceli M, Tonelli C, Petroni K. Anthocyanins: From Mechanisms of Regulation in Plants to Health Benefits in Foods. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:748049. [PMID: 34777426 PMCID: PMC8580863 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.748049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins represent the major red, purple, and blue pigments in many flowers, fruits, vegetables, and cereals. They are also recognized as important health-promoting components in the human diet with protective effects against many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and cancer. Anthocyanin biosynthesis has been studied extensively, and both biosynthetic and key regulatory genes have been isolated in many plant species. Here, we will provide an overview of recent progress in understanding the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in plants, focusing on the transcription factors controlling activation or repression of anthocyanin accumulation in cereals and fruits of different plant species, with special emphasis on the differences in molecular mechanisms between monocot and dicot plants. Recently, new insight into the transcriptional regulation of the anthocyanin biosynthesis, including positive and negative feedback control as well as epigenetic and post-translational regulation of MYB-bHLH-WD40 complexes, has been gained. We will consider how knowledge of regulatory mechanisms has helped to produce anthocyanin-enriched foods through conventional breeding and metabolic engineering. Additionally, we will briefly discuss the biological activities of anthocyanins as components of the human diet and recent findings demonstrating the important health benefits of anthocyanin-rich foods against chronic diseases.
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86
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Wang Y, Huang C, Zeng W, Zhang T, Zhong C, Deng S, Tang T. Epigenetic and transcriptional responses underlying mangrove adaptation to UV-B. iScience 2021; 24:103148. [PMID: 34646986 PMCID: PMC8496181 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical plants have adapted to strong solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Here we compare molecular responses of two tropical mangroves Avecennia marina and Rhizophora apiculata to high-dose UV-B. Whole-genome bisulfate sequencing indicates that high UV-B induced comparable hyper- or hypo-methylation in three sequence contexts (CG, CHG, and CHH, where H refers to A, T, or C) in A. marina but mainly CHG hypomethylation in R. apiculata. RNA and small RNA sequencing reveals UV-B induced relaxation of transposable element (TE) silencing together with up-regulation of TE-adjacent genes in R. apiculata but not in A. marina. Despite conserved upregulation of flavonoid biosynthesis and downregulation of photosynthesis genes caused by high UV-B, A. marina specifically upregulated ABC transporter and ubiquinone biosynthesis genes that are known to be protective against UV-B-induced damage. Our results point to divergent responses underlying plant UV-B adaptation at both the epigenetic and transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenglong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weishun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cairong Zhong
- Hainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), Haikou 571100, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shulin Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People’s Republic of China
- Xiaoliang Research Station for Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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87
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Shi M, Ali MM, He Y, Ma S, Rizwan HM, Yang Q, Li B, Lin Z, Chen F. Flavonoids Accumulation in Fruit Peel and Expression Profiling of Related Genes in Purple ( Passiflora edulis f. edulis) and Yellow ( Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) Passion Fruits. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112240. [PMID: 34834602 PMCID: PMC8620868 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids play a key role as a secondary antioxidant defense system against different biotic and abiotic stresses, and also act as coloring compounds in various fruiting plants. In this study, fruit samples of purple (Passiflora edulis f. edulis) and yellow (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) passion fruit were collected at five developmental stages (i.e., fruitlet, green, veraison, maturation, and ripening stage) from an orchard located at Nanping, Fujian, China. The contents of flavonoid, anthocyanin, proanthocyanin, and their metabolites were determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), activities of key enzymes involved in flavonoid metabolism were measured, and expression profiling of related genes was done using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results revealed that total flavonoids, anthocyanins, and procyanidins were found to be increased in the fruit peel of both cultivars with fruit maturity. Total flavonoids, anthocyanins, procyanidins, flavonoid metabolites (i.e., rutin, luteolin, and quercetin), and anthocyanin metabolites (i.e., cyanidin-3-O-glucoside chloride, peonidin-3-O-glucoside, and pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside) were found abundant in the peel of purple passion fruit, as compared to yellow passion fruit. Principle component analysis showed that the enzymes, i.e., C4H, 4CL, UFGT, and GST were maybe involved in the regulation of flavonoids metabolism in the peel of passion fruit cultivars. Meanwhile, PePAL4, Pe4CL2,3, PeCHS2, and PeGST7 may play an important role in flavonoid metabolism in fruit peel of the passion fruit. This study provides new insights for future elucidation of key mechanisms regulating flavonoids biosynthesis in passion fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Shi
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.S.); (M.M.A.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (H.M.R.); (Q.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Muhammad Moaaz Ali
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.S.); (M.M.A.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (H.M.R.); (Q.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Yinying He
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.S.); (M.M.A.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (H.M.R.); (Q.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Songfeng Ma
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.S.); (M.M.A.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (H.M.R.); (Q.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.S.); (M.M.A.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (H.M.R.); (Q.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Qiang Yang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.S.); (M.M.A.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (H.M.R.); (Q.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Binqi Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.S.); (M.M.A.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (H.M.R.); (Q.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Zhimin Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Faxing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.S.); (M.M.A.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (H.M.R.); (Q.Y.); (B.L.)
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (F.C.)
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88
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He Y, Li D, Li S, Liu Y, Chen H. SmBICs Inhibit Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1001-1011. [PMID: 34043001 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Eggplant is rich in anthocyanins, which are thought to be highly beneficial for human health. It has been reported that blue light inhibitors of cryptochromes (BICs) act as negative regulators in light signal transduction, but little is known about their role in anthocyanin biosynthesis. In this study, yeast one-hybrid analysis showed that SmBICs could bind to the promoter of SmCHS, indicating that they could directly participate in eggplant anthocyanin biosynthesis. In SmBICs-silenced eggplants, more anthocyanins were accumulated, while SmBIC1-overexpression (OE) and SmBIC2-OE Arabidopsis and eggplants synthesized less anthocyanin. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction also revealed that the anthocyanin structural genes, which were downregulated in SmBIC1-OE and SmBIC2-OE lines, were upregulated in SmBICs-silenced eggplants. In addition, transcriptome analysis further confirmed that differentially expressed genes of SmBICs-OE plants were enriched mainly in the pathways related to anthocyanin biosynthesis and the key transcription factors and structural genes for anthocyanin biosynthesis, such as SmMYB1, SmTT8, SmHY5, SmCHS, SmCHI, SmDFR and SmANS, were suppressed significantly. Finally, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and blue-light-dependent degradation assay suggested that SmBICs interacted with photo-excited SmCRY2 to inhibit its photoreaction, thereby inhibiting the expression of genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis and reducing anthocyanin accumulation. Collectively, our study suggests that SmBICs repress anthocyanin biosynthesis by inhibiting photoactivation of SmCRY2. This study provides a new working model for anthocyanin biosynthesis in eggplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun He
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - DaLu Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - ShaoHang Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huoying Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
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89
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Samkumar A, Jones D, Karppinen K, Dare AP, Sipari N, Espley RV, Martinussen I, Jaakola L. Red and blue light treatments of ripening bilberry fruits reveal differences in signalling through abscisic acid-regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:3227-3245. [PMID: 34337774 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of anthocyanins has been shown to be influenced by light quality. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the light-mediated regulation of fruit anthocyanin biosynthesis are not well understood. In this study, we analysed the effects of supplemental red and blue light on the anthocyanin biosynthesis in non-climacteric bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.). After 6 days of continuous irradiation during ripening, both red and blue light elevated concentration of anthocyanins, up to 12- and 4-folds, respectively, compared to the control. Transcriptomic analysis of ripening berries showed that both light treatments up-regulated all the major anthocyanin structural genes, the key regulatory MYB transcription factors and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic genes. However, higher induction of specific genes of anthocyanin and delphinidin biosynthesis alongside ABA signal perception and metabolism were found in red light. The difference in red and blue light signalling was found in 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED), ABA receptor pyrabactin resistance-like (PYL) and catabolic ABA-8'hydroxylase gene expression. Red light also up-regulated expression of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) domain transporters, which may indicate involvement of these proteins in vesicular trafficking of anthocyanins during fruit ripening. Our results suggest differential signal transduction and transport mechanisms between red and blue light in ABA-regulated anthocyanin and delphinidin biosynthesis during bilberry fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos Samkumar
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Dan Jones
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Katja Karppinen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Andrew P Dare
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nina Sipari
- Viikki Metabolomics Unit, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Laura Jaakola
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
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90
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Wang Y, Wang YM, Lu YT, Qiu QL, Fan DM, Wang XC, Zheng XQ. Influence of different nitrogen sources on carbon and nitrogen metabolism and gene expression in tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:561-566. [PMID: 34454315 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen plays an important role in plant growth and development, with different nitrogen forms also having an impact on carbon/nitrogen metabolism. Unlike most plants, tea plants prefer ammonium over nitrate. In this paper, we focused on how different nitrogen sources regulate the carbon/nitrogen metabolism in tea plants. Tea seedlings of 'Longjing 43' were cultivated hydroponically in four different solutions (zero-nitrogen, only NH4+, only NO3- and mixed nitrogen (NH4+: NO3- = 1:1). We analyzed characteristic components of tea plants and related genes in carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Tea polyphenols and catechins representing carbon pool, increased when NO3- was supplied as the nitrogen source, and similar findings were recorded in the zero-nitrogen treatment. The expression of most catechins biosynthesis-related genes was up regulated under NO3- and zero-N treatment, that was associated with tea polyphenols and catechins changes. Compared with NO3- as the nitrogen source, NH4+ and mixed nitrogen treatments had a positive effect on the accumulation of amino acids, especially theanine, glutamate and arginine, and these components contribute to the freshness flavor of tea. The expression of ammonium-assimilation genes was also up-regulated with NH4+ supply. Under mixed nitrogen treatment, the ratio of total polyphenols to free amino acids (PP/AA) was between sole NH4+ and NO3- supply. Therefore, compared with single nitrogen source, carbon and nitrogen metabolism of tea plant was more balanced under mixed nitrogen treatment. The results suggested that NO3- as the nitrogen source promoted the biosynthesis of catechins enriching the carbon pool, whereas NH4+ supply was more conducive to nitrogen metabolism, indicating that different nitrogen sources could affect the carbon and nitrogen balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-Mao Wang
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ting Lu
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin-Li Qiu
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Mei Fan
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Chang Wang
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin-Qiang Zheng
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
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91
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Ye JH, Lv YQ, Liu SR, Jin J, Wang YF, Wei CL, Zhao SQ. Effects of Light Intensity and Spectral Composition on the Transcriptome Profiles of Leaves in Shade Grown Tea Plants ( Camellia sinensis L.) and Regulatory Network of Flavonoid Biosynthesis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195836. [PMID: 34641378 PMCID: PMC8510202 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Black net shade treatment attenuates flavonoid biosynthesis in tea plants, while the effect of light quality is still unclear. We investigated the flavonoid and transcriptome profiles of tea leaves under different light conditions, using black nets with different shade percentages, blue, yellow and red nets to alter the light intensity and light spectral composition in the fields. Flavonol glycosides are more sensitive to light intensity than catechins, with a reduction percentage of total flavonol glycosides up to 79.6% compared with 38.7% of total catechins under shade treatment. A total of 29,292 unigenes were identified, and the KEGG result indicated that flavonoid biosynthesis was regulated by both light intensity and light spectral composition while phytohormone signal transduction was modulated under blue net shade treatment. PAL, CHS, and F3H were transcriptionally downregulated with light intensity. Co-expression analysis showed the expressions of key transcription factors MYB12, MYB86, C1, MYB4, KTN80.4, and light signal perception and signaling genes (UVR8, HY5) had correlations with the contents of certain flavonoids (p < 0.05). The level of abscisic acid in tea leaves was elevated under shade treatment, with a negative correlation with TFG content (p < 0.05). This work provides a potential route of changing light intensity and spectral composition in the field to alter the compositions of flavor substances in tea leaves and regulate plant growth, which is instructive to the production of summer/autumn tea and matcha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hui Ye
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, China; (J.-H.Y.); (Y.-Q.L.); (Y.-F.W.)
| | - Yi-Qing Lv
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, China; (J.-H.Y.); (Y.-Q.L.); (Y.-F.W.)
| | - Sheng-Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China;
| | - Jing Jin
- Zhejiang Agricultural Technical Extension Center, 29 Fengqidong Road, Hangzhou 310000, China;
| | - Yue-Fei Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, China; (J.-H.Y.); (Y.-Q.L.); (Y.-F.W.)
| | - Chao-Ling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China;
- Correspondence: (C.-L.W.); (S.-Q.Z.)
| | - Shi-Qi Zhao
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, China; (J.-H.Y.); (Y.-Q.L.); (Y.-F.W.)
- Correspondence: (C.-L.W.); (S.-Q.Z.)
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92
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TURFAN N. Effect of Different Organic Manures Application on the Bioactive Compound and Yield of Taşköprü Garlic (Allium sativum L.) under 50% Drought. ULUSLARARASI TARIM VE YABAN HAYATI BILIMLERI DERGISI 2021. [DOI: 10.24180/ijaws.872632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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93
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Kim B, Piao R, Lee G, Koh E, Lee Y, Woo S, Jiang W, Septiningsih EM, Thomson MJ, Koh HJ. OsCOP1 regulates embryo development and flavonoid biosynthesis in rice (Oryza sativa L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:2587-2601. [PMID: 33950284 PMCID: PMC8277627 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03844-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Novel mutations of OsCOP1 were identified to be responsible for yellowish pericarp and embryo lethal phenotype, which revealed that OsCOP1 plays a crucial role in flavonoid biosynthesis and embryogenesis in rice seed. Successful production of viable seeds is a major component of plant life cycles, and seed development is a complex, highly regulated process that affects characteristics such as seed viability and color. In this study, three yellowish-pericarp embryo lethal (yel) mutants, yel-hc, yel-sk, and yel-cc, were produced from three different japonica cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L). Mutant seeds had yellowish pericarps and exhibited embryonic lethality, with significantly reduced grain size and weight. Morphological aberrations were apparent by 5 days after pollination, with abnormal embryo development and increased flavonoid accumulation observed in the yel mutants. Genetic analysis and mapping revealed that the phenotype of the three yel mutants was controlled by a single recessive gene, LOC_Os02g53140, an ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1). The yel-hc, yel-sk, and yel-cc mutants carried mutations in the RING finger, coiled-coil, and WD40 repeat domains, respectively, of OsCOP1. CRISPR/Cas9-targeted mutagenesis was used to knock out OsCOP1 by targeting its functional domains, and transgenic seed displayed the yel mutant phenotype. Overexpression of OsCOP1 in a homozygous yel-hc mutant background restored pericarp color, and the aberrant flavonoid accumulation observed in yel-hc mutant was significantly reduced in the embryo and endosperm. These results demonstrate that OsCOP1 is associated with embryo development and flavonoid biosynthesis in rice grains. This study will facilitate a better understanding of the functional roles of OsCOP1 involved in early embryogenesis and flavonoid biosynthesis in rice seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Backki Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77483 USA
| | - Rihua Piao
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
- Rice Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, Jilin, 136100 China
| | - Gileung Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbyeol Koh
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjoo Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmin Woo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Wenzhu Jiang
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062 China
| | - Endang M. Septiningsih
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77483 USA
| | - Michael J. Thomson
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77483 USA
| | - Hee-Jong Koh
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
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94
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Mølmann JAB, Dalmannsdottir S, Hykkerud AL, Hytönen T, Samkumar A, Jaakola L. Influence of Arctic light conditions on crop production and quality. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1931-1940. [PMID: 33837963 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The natural light conditions above the Arctic Circle are unique in terms of annual variation creating special growth conditions for crop production. These include low solar elevations, very long daily photosynthetic light periods, midnight sun/absence of dark nights, and altered spectral distribution depending on solar elevation. All these factors are known to affect the growth and the metabolism of plants, although their influence on northern crop plants has not yet been reviewed. The ongoing global warming is especially affecting the temperature × light interactions in the Arctic, and understanding the impact on crop production and plant metabolism will be important for an Arctic contribution to global food production. Arctic light conditions have a strong influence on the timing of plant development, which together with temperature limits the number of cultivars suitable for Arctic agriculture. This review compiles information from the reports about the effects of light conditions at high latitudes on growth, biomass production, flowering and quality of the crop plants and discusses the gained knowledge and the key gaps to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørgen A B Mølmann
- Division of Food Production and Society, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Sigridur Dalmannsdottir
- Division of Food Production and Society, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Anne Linn Hykkerud
- Division of Food Production and Society, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Timo Hytönen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, NIAB EMR, East Malling, UK
| | - Amos Samkumar
- Climate Laboratory Holt, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Division of Food Production and Society, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
- Climate Laboratory Holt, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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95
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Durán-Soria S, Pott DM, Will F, Mesa-Marín J, Lewandowski M, Celejewska K, Masny A, Żurawicz E, Jennings N, Sønsteby A, Krüger E, Osorio S. Exploring Genotype-by-Environment Interactions of Chemical Composition of Raspberry by Using a Metabolomics Approach. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080490. [PMID: 34436431 PMCID: PMC8398420 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoting the consumption of fruits is a key objective of nutrition policy campaigns due to their associated health benefits. Raspberries are well appreciated for their remarkable flavor and nutritional value attributable to their antioxidant properties. Consequently, one of the objectives of present-day raspberry breeding programs is to improve the fruit’s sensory and nutritive characteristics. However, developing new genotypes with enhanced quality traits is a complex task due to the intricate impacts genetic and environmental factors have on these attributes, and the difficulty to phenotype them. We used a multi-platform metabolomic approach to compare flavor- and nutritional-related metabolite profiles of four raspberry cultivars (‘Glen Ample’, ‘Schönemann’, ‘Tulameen’ and ‘Veten’) grown in different European climates. Although the cultivars appear to be better adapted to high latitudes, for their content in soluble solids and acidity, multivariate statistical analyses allowed us to underscore important genotypic differences based on the profiles of important metabolites. ‘Schönemann’ and ‘Veten’ were characterized by high levels of anthocyanins and ellagitannins, respectively, ‘Tulameen’ by its acidity, and ‘Glen Ample’ for its content of sucrose and β-ionone, two main flavor contributors. Our results confirmed the value of metabolomic-driven approaches, which may foster the development of cultivars with enhanced health properties and flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Durán-Soria
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Campus de Teatinos, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (S.D.-S.); (D.M.P.); (J.M.-M.)
| | - Delphine M. Pott
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Campus de Teatinos, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (S.D.-S.); (D.M.P.); (J.M.-M.)
| | - Frank Will
- Institute of Beverage Research, Hochschule Geisenheim University, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany;
| | - Jennifer Mesa-Marín
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Campus de Teatinos, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (S.D.-S.); (D.M.P.); (J.M.-M.)
| | - Mariusz Lewandowski
- The National Institute of Horticultural Research (INHORT), Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland; (M.L.); (K.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Karolina Celejewska
- The National Institute of Horticultural Research (INHORT), Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland; (M.L.); (K.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Masny
- The National Institute of Horticultural Research (INHORT), Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland; (M.L.); (K.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Edward Żurawicz
- The National Institute of Horticultural Research (INHORT), Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland; (M.L.); (K.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Nikki Jennings
- Department of Genetics, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK;
| | - Anita Sønsteby
- NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, 1431 Ås, Norway;
| | - Erika Krüger
- Institute of Pomology, Hochschule Geisenheim University, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany;
| | - Sonia Osorio
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Campus de Teatinos, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (S.D.-S.); (D.M.P.); (J.M.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-952-132-394
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96
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Romero H, Pott DM, Vallarino JG, Osorio S. Metabolomics-Based Evaluation of Crop Quality Changes as a Consequence of Climate Change. Metabolites 2021; 11:461. [PMID: 34357355 PMCID: PMC8303867 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11070461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit composition determines the fruit quality and, consequently, consumer acceptance. As fruit quality can be modified by environmental conditions, it will be impacted by future alterations produced by global warming. Therefore, agricultural activities will be influenced by the changes in climatological conditions in cultivable areas, which could have a high socioeconomic impact if fruit production and quality decline. Currently, different stresses are being applied to several cultivated species to evaluate their impact on fruit metabolism and plant performance. With the use of metabolomic tools, these changes can be precisely measured, allowing us to determine changes in the patterns of individual compounds. As these changes depend on both the stress severity and the specific species involved and even on the specific cultivar, individual analysis must be conducted. To date, the most-studied crops have mainly been crops that are widely cultivated and have a high socioeconomic impact. In the near future, with the development of these metabolomic strategies, their implementation will be extended to other species, which will allow the adaptation of cultivation conditions and the development of varieties with high adaptability to climatological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Romero
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (H.R.); (D.M.P.)
| | - Delphine M. Pott
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (H.R.); (D.M.P.)
| | - José G. Vallarino
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain;
| | - Sonia Osorio
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (H.R.); (D.M.P.)
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97
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Kim YX, Son S, Lee S, Jung E, Lee Y, Sung J, Lee C. Combined Effects of Nutrients × Water × Light on Metabolite Composition in Tomato Fruits ( Solanum Lycopersicum L.). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071437. [PMID: 34371638 PMCID: PMC8309447 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tomato cultivation in the greenhouse can be facilitated by supplemental light. We compared the combined effects of nutrients, water, and supplemental light (red) on tomato fruit quality. To do this, three different nutrient conditions were tested, i.e., (1) low N, (2) standard N, and (3) high N. Water was supplied either at −30 kPa (sufficient) or −80 kPa (limited) of soil water potential. Supplemental red LED light was turned either on or off. The metabolites from tomato fruits were profiled using non-targeted mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomic approaches. The lycopene content was highest in the condition of high N and limited water in the absence of supplemental light. In the absence of red lighting, the lycopene contents were greatly affected by nutrient and water conditions. Under the red lighting, the nutrient and water conditions did not play an important role in enhancing lycopene content. Lower N resulted in low amino acids. Low N was also likely to enhance some soluble carbohydrates. Interestingly, the combination of low N and red light led to a significant increase in sucrose, maltose, and flavonoids. In high N soil, red light increased a majority of amino acids, including aspartic acid and GABA, and sugars. However, it decreased most of the secondary metabolites such as phenylpropanoids, polyamines, and alkaloids. The water supply effect was minor. We demonstrated that different nutrient conditions of soil resulted in a difference in metabolic composition in tomato fruits and the effect of red light was variable depending on nutrient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmin X. Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (Y.X.K.); (S.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Suyoung Son
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Seulbi Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (Y.X.K.); (S.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Eunsung Jung
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Yejin Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (Y.X.K.); (S.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jwakyung Sung
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Life and Environment Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (C.L.); Tel.: +82-43-261-2512 (J.S.); +82-2-2049-6177 (C.L.)
| | - Choonghwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
- Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (C.L.); Tel.: +82-43-261-2512 (J.S.); +82-2-2049-6177 (C.L.)
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98
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Changes in Vegetative and Reproductive Growth and Quality Parameters of Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cv. Chandler Grown at Different Substrates. J FOOD QUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/9996073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth substrates (polyester wool, rice husk, and wheat straw), along with soil as control treatment, were compared for vegetative growth, yield, and quality of strawberry cv. Chandler. All growth substrates tested showed good results in terms of growth rate as compared with control. Strawberry plants grown in polyester wool showed the highest (89.50%) survival rate as compared to rice husk (70.50%), wheat straw (64.63%), and control (67.56%). Moreover, a significant increase was observed among number of flowers, fruits, and yield in plants grown in polyester wool. Besides, a significant high amount of total soluble solids (TSS) (12.38 ºBrix), titratable acidity (TA) (1.21%), ash (0.72%), vitamin C (37.39 mg/100 g), total carotenoids (3.90 µg/100 g), and total anthocyanins (3.47 cyanidine-3-glucoside/100 g) was recorded in fruits grown in polyester wool as compared to control. From these results, it can be concluded that the use of polyester wool as a growth substrate for strawberries can give higher yield and better fruit quality.
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99
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Zhou X, Xue Y, Mao M, He Y, Adjei MO, Yang W, Hu H, Liu J, Feng L, Zhang H, Luo J, Li X, Sun L, Huang Z, Ma J. Metabolome and transcriptome profiling reveals anthocyanin contents and anthocyanin-related genes of chimeric leaves in Ananas comosus var. bracteatus. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:331. [PMID: 33962593 PMCID: PMC8105979 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07642-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ananas comosus var. bracteatus is a colorful plant used as a cut flower or landscape ornamental. The unique foliage color of this plant includes both green and red leaves and, as a trait of interest, deserves investigation. In order to explore the pigments behind the red section of the chimeric leaves, the green and red parts of chimeric leaves of Ananas comosus var. bracteatus were sampled and analyzed at phenotypic, cellular and molecular levels in this study. RESULTS The CIELAB results indicated that the a* values and L* values samples had significant differences between two parts. Freehand sections showed that anthocyanin presented limited accumulation in the green leaf tissues but obviously accumulation in the epidermal cells of red tissues. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were performed by RNA-seq and LC-ESI-MS/MS. Among the 508 identified metabolites, 10 kinds of anthocyanins were detected, with 6 significantly different between the two samples. The cyanidin-3,5-O-diglucoside content that accounts for nearly 95.6% in red samples was significantly higher than green samples. RNA-Seq analyses showed that 11 out of 40 anthocyanin-related genes were differentially expressed between the green and red samples. Transcriptome and metabolome correlations were determined by nine quadrant analyses, and 9 anthocyanin-related genes, including MYB5 and MYB82, were correlated with 7 anthocyanin-related metabolites in the third quadrant in which genes and metabolites showing consistent change. Particularly, the PCCs between these two MYB genes and cyanidin-3,5-O-diglucoside were above 0.95. CONCLUSION Phenotypic colors are closely related to the tissue structures of different leaf parts of Ananas comosus var. bracteatus, and two MYB transcription factors might contribute to differences of anthocyanin accumulation in two parts of Ananas comosus var. bracteatus chimeric leaves. This study lay a foundation for further researches on functions of MYBs in Ananas comosus var. bracteatus and provides new insights to anthocyanin accumulation in different parts of chimeric leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzixin Zhou
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanbin Xue
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiqin Mao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yehua He
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mark Owusu Adjei
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Hu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiawen Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijun Feng
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huiling Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaheng Luo
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingxia Sun
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuo Huang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
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Zhao X, Zeng X, Lin N, Yu S, Fernie AR, Zhao J. CsbZIP1-CsMYB12 mediates the production of bitter-tasting flavonols in tea plants (Camellia sinensis) through a coordinated activator-repressor network. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:110. [PMID: 33931627 PMCID: PMC8087823 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00545-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Under high light conditions or UV radiation, tea plant leaves produce more flavonols, which contribute to the bitter taste of tea; however, neither the flavonol biosynthesis pathways nor the regulation of their production are well understood. Intriguingly, tea leaf flavonols are enhanced by UV-B but reduced by shading treatment. CsFLS, CsUGT78A14, CsMYB12, and CsbZIP1 were upregulated by UV-B radiation and downregulated by shading. CsMYB12 and CsbZIP1 bound to the promoters of CsFLS and CsUGT78A14, respectively, and activated their expression individually. CsbZIP1 positively regulated CsMYB12 and interacted with CsMYB12, which specifically activated flavonol biosynthesis. Meanwhile, CsPIF3 and two MYB repressor genes, CsMYB4 and CsMYB7, displayed expression patterns opposite to that of CsMYB12. CsMYB4 and CsMYB7 bound to CsFLS and CsUGT78A14 and repressed their CsMYB12-activated expression. While CsbZIP1 and CsMYB12 regulated neither CsMYB4 nor CsMYB7, CsMYB12 interacted with CsbZIP1, CsMYB4, and CsMYB7, but CsbZIP1 did not physically interact with CsMYB4 or CsMYB7. Finally, CsPIF3 bound to and activated CsMYB7 under shading to repress flavonol biosynthesis. These combined results suggest that UV activation and shading repression of flavonol biosynthesis in tea leaves are coordinated through a complex network involving CsbZIP1 and CsPIF3 as positive MYB activators and negative MYB repressors, respectively. The study thus provides insight into the regulatory mechanism underlying the production of bitter-tasting flavonols in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuecheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangsheng Zeng
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, China
| | - Ning Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, China
| | - Shuwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, China
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, China.
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