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Arroyo M, Cañuelo A, Calahorra J, Hastert F, Sánchez A, Clarke DJ, Marchal J. Mitotic entry upon Topo II catalytic inhibition is controlled by Chk1 and Plk1. FEBS J 2020; 287:4933-4951. [PMID: 32144855 PMCID: PMC7483426 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic inhibition of topoisomerase II during G2 phase delays onset of mitosis due to the activation of the so-called decatenation checkpoint. This checkpoint is less known compared with the extensively studied G2 DNA damage checkpoint and is partially compromised in many tumor cells. We recently identified MCPH1 as a key regulator that confers cells with the capacity to adapt to the decatenation checkpoint. In the present work, we have explored the contributions of checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) and polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), in order to better understand the molecular basis of decatenation checkpoint. Our results demonstrate that Chk1 function is required to sustain the G2 arrest induced by catalytic inhibition of Topo II. Interestingly, Chk1 loss of function restores adaptation in cells lacking MCPH1. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Plk1 function is required to bypass the decatenation checkpoint arrest in cells following Chk1 inhibition. Taken together, our data suggest that MCPH1 is critical to allow checkpoint adaptation by counteracting Chk1-mediated inactivation of Plk1. Importantly, we also provide evidence that MCPH1 function is not required to allow recovery from this checkpoint, which lends support to the notion that checkpoint adaptation and recovery are different mechanisms distinguished in part by specific effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Arroyo
- Departamento de Biología ExperimentalUniversidad de Jaén, Spain
| | - A. Cañuelo
- Departamento de Biología ExperimentalUniversidad de Jaén, Spain
| | - J. Calahorra
- Departamento de Biología ExperimentalUniversidad de Jaén, Spain
| | - F.D. Hastert
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A. Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología ExperimentalUniversidad de Jaén, Spain
| | - D. J. Clarke
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, US
| | - J.A. Marchal
- Departamento de Biología ExperimentalUniversidad de Jaén, Spain
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52
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Vaidya FU, Sufiyan Chhipa A, Mishra V, Gupta VK, Rawat SG, Kumar A, Pathak C. Molecular and cellular paradigms of multidrug resistance in cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2020; 5:e1291. [PMID: 33052041 PMCID: PMC9780431 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The acquisition of resistance to chemotherapy is a major hurdle in the successful application of cancer therapy. Several anticancer approaches, including chemotherapies, radiotherapy, surgery and targeted therapies are being employed for the treatment of cancer. However, cancer cells reprogram themselves in multiple ways to evade the effect of these therapies, and over a period of time, the drug becomes inactive due to the development of multi-drug resistance (MDR). MDR is a complex phenomenon where malignant cells become insensitive to anticancer drugs and attain the ability to survive even after several exposures of anticancer drugs. In this review, we have discussed the molecular and cellular paradigms of multidrug resistance in cancer. RECENT FINDINGS An Extensive research in cancer biology revealed that drug resistance in cancer is the result of perpetuated intracellular and extracellular mechanisms such as drug efflux, drug inactivation, drug target alteration, oncogenic mutations, altered DNA damage repair mechanism, inhibition of programmed cell death signaling, metabolic reprogramming, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), inherent cell heterogeneity, epigenetic changes, redox imbalance, or any combination of these mechanisms. An inevitable cross-link between inflammation and drug resistance has been discussed. This review provided insight molecular mechanism to understand the vulnerabilities of cancer cells to develop drug resistance. CONCLUSION MDR is an outcome of interplays between multiple intricate pathways responsible for the inactivation of drug and development of resistance. MDR is a major obstacle in regimens of successful application of anti-cancer therapy. An improved understanding of the molecular mechanism of multi drug resistance and cellular reprogramming can provide a promising opportunity to combat drug resistance in cancer and intensify anti-cancer therapy for the upcoming future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foram U. Vaidya
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences & BiotechnologyIndian Institute of Advanced ResearchGandhinagarIndia
| | - Abu Sufiyan Chhipa
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences & BiotechnologyIndian Institute of Advanced ResearchGandhinagarIndia
| | - Vinita Mishra
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences & BiotechnologyIndian Institute of Advanced ResearchGandhinagarIndia
| | | | | | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of ZoologyBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia
| | - Chandramani Pathak
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences & BiotechnologyIndian Institute of Advanced ResearchGandhinagarIndia
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53
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Lieschke E, Wang Z, Kelly GL, Strasser A. Discussion of some 'knowns' and some 'unknowns' about the tumour suppressor p53. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 11:212-223. [PMID: 30496435 PMCID: PMC6478126 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjy077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the tumour suppressor p53 upon cellular stress can induce a number of different cellular processes. The diverse actions of these processes are critical for the protective function of p53 in preventing the development of cancer. However, it is still not fully understood which process(es) activated by p53 is/are critical for tumour suppression and how this might differ depending on the type of cells undergoing neoplastic transformation and the nature of the drivers of oncogenesis. Moreover, it is not clear why upon activation of p53 some cells undergo cell cycle arrest and senescence whereas others die by apoptosis. Here we discuss some of the cellular processes that are crucial for p53-mediated tumour suppression and the factors that could impact cell fate upon p53 activation. Finally, we describe therapies aimed either at activating wild-type p53 or at changing the behaviour of mutant p53 to unleash tumour growth suppressive processes for therapeutic benefit in malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Lieschke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zilu Wang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gemma L Kelly
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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54
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Greene JM, Gevertz JL, Sontag ED. Mathematical Approach to Differentiate Spontaneous and Induced Evolution to Drug Resistance During Cancer Treatment. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2020; 3:1-20. [PMID: 30969799 PMCID: PMC6873992 DOI: 10.1200/cci.18.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Drug resistance is a major impediment to the success of cancer treatment. Resistance is typically thought to arise from random genetic mutations, after which mutated cells expand via Darwinian selection. However, recent experimental evidence suggests that progression to drug resistance need not occur randomly, but instead may be induced by the treatment itself via either genetic changes or epigenetic alterations. This relatively novel notion of resistance complicates the already challenging task of designing effective treatment protocols. Materials and Methods To better understand resistance, we have developed a mathematical modeling framework that incorporates both spontaneous and drug-induced resistance. Results Our model demonstrates that the ability of a drug to induce resistance can result in qualitatively different responses to the same drug dose and delivery schedule. We have also proven that the induction parameter in our model is theoretically identifiable and propose an in vitro protocol that could be used to determine a treatment’s propensity to induce resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eduardo D Sontag
- Northeastern University, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA
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Msaouel P, Malouf GG, Su X, Yao H, Tripathi DN, Soeung M, Gao J, Rao P, Coarfa C, Creighton CJ, Bertocchio JP, Kunnimalaiyaan S, Multani AS, Blando J, He R, Shapiro DD, Perelli L, Srinivasan S, Carbone F, Pilié PG, Karki M, Seervai RNH, Vokshi BH, Lopez-Terrada D, Cheng EH, Tang X, Lu W, Wistuba II, Thompson TC, Davidson I, Giuliani V, Schlacher K, Carugo A, Heffernan TP, Sharma P, Karam JA, Wood CG, Walker CL, Genovese G, Tannir NM. Comprehensive Molecular Characterization Identifies Distinct Genomic and Immune Hallmarks of Renal Medullary Carcinoma. Cancer Cell 2020; 37:720-734.e13. [PMID: 32359397 PMCID: PMC7288373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is a highly lethal malignancy that mainly afflicts young individuals of African descent and is resistant to all targeted agents used to treat other renal cell carcinomas. Comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic profiling of untreated primary RMC tissues was performed to elucidate the molecular landscape of these tumors. We found that RMC was characterized by high replication stress and an abundance of focal copy-number alterations associated with activation of the stimulator of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase interferon genes (cGAS-STING) innate immune pathway. Replication stress conferred a therapeutic vulnerability to drugs targeting DNA-damage repair pathways. Elucidation of these previously unknown RMC hallmarks paves the way to new clinical trials for this rare but highly lethal malignancy.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Medullary/genetics
- Carcinoma, Medullary/immunology
- Carcinoma, Medullary/pathology
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Cohort Studies
- DNA Copy Number Variations
- DNA Replication
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genomics
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Humans
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Neoplasms/immunology
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Nucleotidyltransferases/genetics
- Nucleotidyltransferases/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism
- SMARCB1 Protein/genetics
- SMARCB1 Protein/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlos Msaouel
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Unit 1374, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030-3721, USA; Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Gabriel G Malouf
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Strasbourg University Hospitals, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France; Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Xiaoping Su
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hui Yao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Durga N Tripathi
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Melinda Soeung
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianjun Gao
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Unit 1374, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030-3721, USA
| | - Priya Rao
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Bertocchio
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Unit 1374, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030-3721, USA; Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Selvi Kunnimalaiyaan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Asha S Multani
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jorge Blando
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rong He
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Unit 1374, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030-3721, USA
| | - Daniel D Shapiro
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Luigi Perelli
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Unit 1374, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030-3721, USA
| | - Sanjana Srinivasan
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Federica Carbone
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Unit 1374, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030-3721, USA
| | - Patrick G Pilié
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Unit 1374, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030-3721, USA
| | - Menuka Karki
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Riyad N H Seervai
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program, Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bujamin H Vokshi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Strasbourg University Hospitals, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France; Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | | | - Emily H Cheng
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program and Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Institute, New York City, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ximing Tang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Timothy C Thompson
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Unit 1374, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030-3721, USA
| | - Irwin Davidson
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Virginia Giuliani
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Katharina Schlacher
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alessandro Carugo
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Timothy P Heffernan
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Padmanee Sharma
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Unit 1374, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030-3721, USA; Department of Immunology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jose A Karam
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christopher G Wood
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cheryl L Walker
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Giannicola Genovese
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Unit 1374, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030-3721, USA; Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Nizar M Tannir
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Unit 1374, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030-3721, USA.
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56
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Pérez-Velázquez J, Rejniak KA. Drug-Induced Resistance in Micrometastases: Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Cell Lineages. Front Physiol 2020; 11:319. [PMID: 32362836 PMCID: PMC7180185 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to anti-cancer drugs is a major cause of treatment failure. While several intracellular mechanisms of resistance have been postulated, the role of extrinsic factors in the development of resistance in individual tumor cells is still not fully understood. Here we used a hybrid agent-based model to investigate how sensitive tumor cells develop drug resistance in the heterogeneous tumor microenvironment. We characterized the spatio-temporal evolution of lineages of the resistant cells and examined how resistance at the single-cell level contributes to the overall tumor resistance. We also developed new methods to track tumor cell adaptation, to trace cell viability trajectories and to examine the three-dimensional spatio-temporal lineage trees. Our findings indicate that drug-induced resistance can result from cells adaptation to the changes in drug distribution. Two modes of cell adaptation were identified that coincide with microenvironmental niches—areas sheltered by cell micro-communities (protectorates) or regions with limited drug penetration (refuga or sanctuaries). We also recognized that certain cells gave rise to lineages of resistant cells (precursors of resistance) and pinpointed three temporal periods and spatial locations at which such cells emerged. This supports the hypothesis that tumor micrometastases do not need to harbor cell populations with pre-existing resistance, but that individual tumor cells can adapt and develop resistance induced by the drug during the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Pérez-Velázquez
- Mathematical Modeling of Biological Systems, Centre for Mathematical Science, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Katarzyna A Rejniak
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Tampa, FL, United States
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57
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Aichinger G, Lichtenberger FB, Steinhauer TN, Flörkemeier I, Del Favero G, Clement B, Marko D. The Aza-Analogous Benzo[ c]phenanthridine P8-D6 Acts as a Dual Topoisomerase I and II Poison, thus Exhibiting Potent Genotoxic Properties. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071524. [PMID: 32230817 PMCID: PMC7180443 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The benzo[c]phenanthridine P8-D6 was recently found to suppress the catalytic activity of both human topoisomerase (Topo) I and II. Concomitantly, potent cytotoxic activity was observed in different human tumor cell lines, raising questions about the underlying mechanisms in vitro. In the present study, we addressed the question of whether P8-D6 acts as a so-called Topo poison, stabilizing the covalent Topo-DNA intermediate, thus inducing fatal DNA strand breaks in proliferating cells. In HT-29 colon carcinoma cells, fluorescence imaging revealed P8-D6 to be taken up by the cells and to accumulate in the perinuclear region. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that the compound is partially located inside the nuclei, thus reaching the potential target. In the "in vivo complex of enzyme" (ICE) bioassay, treatment of HT-29 cells with P8-D6 for 1 h significantly enhanced the proportion of Topo I and II covalently linked to the DNA in concentrations ≥1 µM, indicating effective dual Topo poisoning. Potentially resulting DNA damage was analyzed by single-cell gel electrophoresis ("comet assay"). Already at 1 h of incubation, significant genotoxic effects were observed in the comet assay in concentrations as low as 1 nM. Taken together, the present study demonstrates the high Topo-poisoning and genotoxic potential of P8-D6 in human tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Aichinger
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Waehringerstr. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.A.); (F.-B.L.); (G.D.F.)
| | - Falk-Bach Lichtenberger
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Waehringerstr. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.A.); (F.-B.L.); (G.D.F.)
- Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gutenbergstraße 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (T.N.S.); (I.F.); (B.C.)
| | - Tamara N. Steinhauer
- Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gutenbergstraße 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (T.N.S.); (I.F.); (B.C.)
| | - Inken Flörkemeier
- Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gutenbergstraße 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (T.N.S.); (I.F.); (B.C.)
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Waehringerstr. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.A.); (F.-B.L.); (G.D.F.)
| | - Bernd Clement
- Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gutenbergstraße 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (T.N.S.); (I.F.); (B.C.)
| | - Doris Marko
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Waehringerstr. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.A.); (F.-B.L.); (G.D.F.)
- Correspondence:
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58
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Moodley T, Singh M. Sterically Stabilised Polymeric Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Improve Doxorubicin Efficiency: Tailored Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2020; 25:E742. [PMID: 32046364 PMCID: PMC7037074 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The fruition, commercialisation and clinical application combining nano-engineering, nanomedicine and material science for utilisation in drug delivery is becoming a reality. The successful integration of nanomaterial in nanotherapeutics requires their critical development to ensure physiological and biological compatibility. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are attractive nanocarriers due to their biodegradable, biocompatible, and relative malleable porous frameworks that can be functionalized for enhanced targeting and delivery in a variety of disease models. The optimal formulation of an MSN with polyethylene glycol (2% and 5%) and chitosan was undertaken, to produce sterically stabilized, hydrophilic MSNs, capable of efficient loading and delivery of the hydrophobic anti-neoplastic drug, doxorubicin (DOX). The pH-sensitive release kinetics of DOX, together with the anticancer, apoptosis and cell-cycle activities of DOX-loaded MSNs in selected cancer cell lines were evaluated. MSNs of 36-60 nm in size, with a pore diameter of 9.8 nm, and a cumulative surface area of 710.36 m²/g were produced. The 2% pegylated MSN formulation (PCMSN) had the highest DOX loading capacity (0.98 mgdox/mgmsn), and a sustained release profile over 72 h. Pegylated-drug nanoconjugates were effective at a concentration range between 20-50 μg/mL, inducing apoptosis in cancer cells, and affirming their potential as effective drug delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moganavelli Singh
- Nano-Gene and Drug Delivery Group, Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa;
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59
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Comprehensive Evaluation of the Biological Properties of Surface-Modified Titanium Alloy Implants. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020342. [PMID: 31991841 PMCID: PMC7073575 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing interest in the fabrication of implants made of titanium and its alloys results from their capacity to be integrated into the bone system. This integration is facilitated by different modifications of the implant surface. Here, we assessed the bioactivity of amorphous titania nanoporous and nanotubular coatings (TNTs), produced by electrochemical oxidation of Ti6Al4V orthopedic implants' surface. The chemical composition and microstructure of TNT layers was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). To increase their antimicrobial activity, TNT coatings were enriched with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method and tested against various bacterial and fungal strains for their ability to form a biofilm. The biointegrity and anti-inflammatory properties of these layers were assessed with the use of fibroblast, osteoblast, and macrophage cell lines. To assess and exclude potential genotoxicity issues of the fabricated systems, a mutation reversal test was performed (Ames Assay MPF, OECD TG 471), showing that none of the TNT coatings released mutagenic substances in long-term incubation experiments. The thorough analysis performed in this study indicates that the TNT5 and TNT5/AgNPs coatings (TNT5-the layer obtained upon applying a 5 V potential) present the most suitable physicochemical and biological properties for their potential use in the fabrication of implants for orthopedics. For this reason, their mechanical properties were measured to obtain full system characteristics.
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Mahapatra K, Ghosh AK, De S, Ghosh N, Sadhukhan P, Chatterjee S, Ghosh R, Sil PC, Roy S. Assessment of cytotoxic and genotoxic potentials of a mononuclear Fe(II) Schiff base complex with photocatalytic activity in Trigonella. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1864:129503. [PMID: 31816347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.129503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent times, coordination complexes of iron in various oxidation states along with variety of ligand systems have been designed and developed for effective treatment of cancer cells without adversely affecting the normal cell and tissues of various organs. METHODS In this study, we have evaluated the mechanism of action of a Fe(II) Schiff base complex in the crop plant Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (Fenugreek) as the screening system by using morphological, cytological, biochemical and molecular approaches. Further functional characterization was performed using MCF-7 cell line and solid tumour model for the assessment of anti-tumour activity of the complex. RESULTS Our results indicate efficiency of the Fe(II) Schiff base complex in the induction of double strand breaks in DNA. Complex treatment clearly induced cytotoxic and genotoxic damage in Trigonella seedlings. The Fe-complex treatment caused cell cycle arrest via the activation of ATM-ATR kinase mediated DNA damage response pathway with the compromised expression of CDK1, CDK2 and CyclinB1 protein in Trigonella seedlings. In cultured MCF-7 cells, the complex induces cytotoxicity and DNA fragmentation through intracellular ROS generation. Fe-complex treatment inhibited tumour growth in solid tumour model with no additional side effects. CONCLUSION The growth inhibitory and cytotoxic effects of the complex result from activation of DNA damage response along with oxidative stress and cell cycle arrest. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Overall, our results have provided comprehensive information on the mechanism of action and efficacy of a Fe(II) Schiff base complex in higher eukaryotic genomes and indicated its future implications as potential therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Mahapatra
- Department of Botany, UGC Centre for Advanced Studies, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag Campus, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Ayon Kanti Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Centre for Advanced Studies, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag Campus, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Sayanti De
- Department of Botany, UGC Centre for Advanced Studies, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag Campus, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Noyel Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P-1/12 C.I.T. Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Pritam Sadhukhan
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P-1/12 C.I.T. Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Sharmistha Chatterjee
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P-1/12 C.I.T. Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Rajarshi Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Centre for Advanced Studies, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag Campus, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Parames C Sil
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P-1/12 C.I.T. Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Sujit Roy
- Department of Botany, UGC Centre for Advanced Studies, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag Campus, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India.
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Ghelli Luserna Di Rorà A, Bocconcelli M, Ferrari A, Terragna C, Bruno S, Imbrogno E, Beeharry N, Robustelli V, Ghetti M, Napolitano R, Chirumbolo G, Marconi G, Papayannidis C, Paolini S, Sartor C, Simonetti G, Yen TJ, Martinelli G. Synergism Through WEE1 and CHK1 Inhibition in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111654. [PMID: 31717700 PMCID: PMC6895917 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Screening for synthetic lethality markers has demonstrated that the inhibition of the cell cycle checkpoint kinases WEE1 together with CHK1 drastically affects stability of the cell cycle and induces cell death in rapidly proliferating cells. Exploiting this finding for a possible therapeutic approach has showed efficacy in various solid and hematologic tumors, though not specifically tested in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Methods: The efficacy of the combination between WEE1 and CHK1 inhibitors in B and T cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B/T-ALL) was evaluated in vitro and ex vivo studies. The efficacy of the therapeutic strategy was tested in terms of cytotoxicity, induction of apoptosis, and changes in cell cycle profile and protein expression using B/T-ALL cell lines. In addition, the efficacy of the drug combination was studied in primary B-ALL blasts using clonogenic assays. Results: This study reports, for the first time, the efficacy of the concomitant inhibition of CHK1/CHK2 and WEE1 in ALL cell lines and primary leukemic B-ALL cells using two selective inhibitors: PF-0047736 (CHK1/CHK2 inhibitor) and AZD-1775 (WEE1 inhibitor). We showed strong synergism in the reduction of cell viability, proliferation and induction of apoptosis. The efficacy of the combination was related to the induction of early S-phase arrest and to the induction of DNA damage, ultimately triggering cell death. We reported evidence that the efficacy of the combination treatment is independent from the activation of the p53-p21 pathway. Moreover, gene expression analysis on B-ALL primary samples showed that Chek1 and Wee1 are significantly co-expressed in samples at diagnosis (Pearson r = 0.5770, p = 0.0001) and relapse (Pearson r= 0.8919; p = 0.0001). Finally, the efficacy of the combination was confirmed by the reduction in clonogenic survival of primary leukemic B-ALL cells. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the combination of CHK1 and WEE1 inhibitors may be a promising therapeutic strategy to be tested in clinical trials for adult ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Bocconcelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Ferrari
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (A.G.L.D.R.)
| | - Carolina Terragna
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Samantha Bruno
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrica Imbrogno
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (A.G.L.D.R.)
| | | | - Valentina Robustelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Ghetti
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (A.G.L.D.R.)
| | - Roberta Napolitano
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (A.G.L.D.R.)
| | - Gabriella Chirumbolo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marconi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Papayannidis
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Paolini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Sartor
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seràgnoli”, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Simonetti
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (A.G.L.D.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Timothy J. Yen
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111-2497, USA
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (A.G.L.D.R.)
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Ludwig C, Goh V, Rajkumar J, Au J, Tsoukas M. Drug eruptions associated with tumor therapy: Great imitators. Clin Dermatol 2019; 38:208-215. [PMID: 32513400 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have investigated cutaneous reactions to antitumor drugs and found them to be quite numerous. We describe drug eruptions that may be associated with different therapies by class: antimetabolite chemotherapeutics, genotoxic agents, spindle inhibitors, signal transduction inhibitors, and immunotherapies. Methotrexate is most often associated with mucocutaneous reactions, alkylating antimetabolite agents with hyperpigmentation, and platinum antimetabolite agents with type I IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions. Anthracycline derivatives can induce the hand-foot syndrome in patients, and bleomycin is associated with a bleomycin-induced flagellate erythema. Taxane spindle inhibitors can result in acneiform eruptions, which may also be seen with use of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors. Imatinib and its derivatives can cause a truncal maculopapular eruption, whereas multikinase inhibitors can produce a hand-foot-skin reaction. Vemurafenib can result in squamous cell carcinomas and photosensitivity. First-generation mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors may cause a maculopapular eruption initially involving the face and neck. Programmed death (PD)-1-ligand and receptor inhibitors are associated with bullous pemphigoid. Ipilimumab, targeting Cytotoxic -T- Lymphocyte- associated (CTLA-4) receptors, can cause a morbilliform reaction, whereas Interleukin -2 (IL-2) analogs can create the capillary leak syndrome. Chemotherapeutic drug eruptions classically can manifest in the aforementioned ways; however, it is important to understand that they are associated with myriad cutaneous adverse effects, which may be mistaken for organic skin disease. Oncologists prescribing these medications should be familiar with the cutaneous side effects of these medications, and so they may counsel patients to be on the lookout for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Ludwig
- University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Vivien Goh
- University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeffrey Rajkumar
- University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeremiah Au
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Maria Tsoukas
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Zheng J, Cheng X, Xu S, Zhang L, Pan J, Yu H, Bao J, Lu R. Diallyl trisulfide induces G2/M cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma 8505C cells. Food Funct 2019; 10:7253-7261. [PMID: 31617531 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00646j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is the most aggressive thyroid cancer. Current approaches including surgery, chemotherapy and therapeutic drugs provide limited benefits for ATC patients. Diallyl trisulfide (DATS) has been documented as a promising anti-cancer agent for various carcinomas. However, its role in ATC tumorigenesis remained unclear. Our results showed that DATS treatment at 12.5, 25 and 50 μM decreased the viability of 8505C cells both in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The phosphorylation of H2A.X, which is a DNA damage marker, was induced by DATS both in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, DATS mediated the DNA damage through the phosphorylation of ATM but not ATR. DATS also induced G2/M cell-cycle arrest followed by the translocation of Cdc25C from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Further results showed that DATS induced mitochondrial apoptosis in 8505C cells, evidenced by Hoechst/PI double staining, PI-Annexin V assay and western blot. Taken altogether, our findings demonstrated that DATS induced G2/M cell-cycle arrest and mitochondrial apoptosis by triggering DNA damage in ATC 8505C cells, which shed light on a novel therapeutic approach for ATC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangxia Zheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China. and Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, 20 Qian Rong Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Xian Cheng
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, 20 Qian Rong Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Shichen Xu
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, 20 Qian Rong Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, 20 Qian Rong Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Jie Pan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Huixin Yu
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, 20 Qian Rong Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Jiandong Bao
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, 20 Qian Rong Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Rongrong Lu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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Min DJ, Zhao Y, Monks A, Palmisano A, Hose C, Teicher BA, Doroshow JH, Simon RM. Identification of pharmacodynamic biomarkers and common molecular mechanisms of response to genotoxic agents in cancer cell lines. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 84:771-780. [PMID: 31367787 PMCID: PMC8127867 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03898-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Genotoxic agents (GAs) including cisplatin, doxorubicin, gemcitabine, and topotecan are often used in cancer treatment. However, the response to GAs is variable among patients and predictive biomarkers are inadequate to select patients for treatment. Accurate and rapid pharmacodynamics measures of response can, thus, be useful for monitoring therapy and improve clinical outcomes. METHODS This study focuses on integrating a database of genome-wide response to treatment (The NCI Transcriptional Pharmacodynamics Workbench) with a database of baseline gene expression (GSE32474) for the NCI-60 cell lines to identify mechanisms of response and pharmacodynamic (PD) biomarkers. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Our analysis suggests that GA-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress may signal for GA-induced cell death. Reducing the uptake of GA, activating DNA repair, and blocking ER-stress induction cooperate to prevent GA-induced cell death in the GA-resistant cells. ATF3, DDIT3, CARS, and PPP1R15A appear as possible candidate PD biomarkers for monitoring the progress of GA treatment. Further validation studies on the proposed intrinsic drug-resistant mechanism and candidate genes are needed using in vivo data from either patient-derived xenograft models or clinical chemotherapy trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Joon Min
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Yingdong Zhao
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Anne Monks
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Alida Palmisano
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Curtis Hose
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Beverly A Teicher
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - James H Doroshow
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Richard M Simon
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
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Kadayat TM, Park S, Shrestha A, Jo H, Hwang SY, Katila P, Shrestha R, Nepal MR, Noh K, Kim SK, Koh WS, Kim KS, Jeon YH, Jeong TC, Kwon Y, Lee ES. Discovery and Biological Evaluations of Halogenated 2,4-Diphenyl Indeno[1,2- b]pyridinol Derivatives as Potent Topoisomerase IIα-Targeted Chemotherapeutic Agents for Breast Cancer. J Med Chem 2019; 62:8194-8234. [PMID: 31398033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of developing new effective topoisomerase IIα-targeted anticancer agents, we synthesized a series of hydroxy- and halogenated 2,4-diphenyl indeno[1,2-b]pyridinols using a microwave-assisted single step synthetic method and investigated structure-activity relationships. The majority of compounds with chlorophenyl group at 2-position and phenol group at the 4-position of indeno[1,2-b]pyridinols exhibited potent antiproliferative activity and topoisomerase IIα-selective inhibition. Of the 172 compounds tested, 89 showed highly potent and selective topoisomerase IIα inhibition and antiproliferative activity in the nanomolar range against human T47D breast (2.6 nM) cancer cell lines. In addition, mechanistic studies revealed compound 89 is a nonintercalative topoisomerase II poison, and in vitro studies showed it had promising cytotoxic effects in diverse breast cancer cell lines and was particularly effective at inducing apoptosis in T47D cells. Furthermore, in vivo administration of compound 89 had significant antitumor effects in orthotopic mouse model of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Man Kadayat
- College of Pharmacy , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan 38541 , Republic of Korea
- New Drug Development Center , Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation , Daegu 41061 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seojeong Park
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750 , Republic of Korea
| | - Aarajana Shrestha
- College of Pharmacy , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan 38541 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunji Jo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750 , Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Yeon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750 , Republic of Korea
| | - Pramila Katila
- College of Pharmacy , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan 38541 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ritina Shrestha
- College of Pharmacy , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan 38541 , Republic of Korea
| | - Mahesh Raj Nepal
- College of Pharmacy , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan 38541 , Republic of Korea
| | - Keumhan Noh
- College of Pharmacy , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan 38541 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyoon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Center , Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation , Daegu 41061 , Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Suk Koh
- Laboratory Animal Center , Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation , Daegu 41061 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kil Soo Kim
- Laboratory Animal Center , Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation , Daegu 41061 , Republic of Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Kyungpook National University , Daegu 41566 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Jeon
- Laboratory Animal Center , Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation , Daegu 41061 , Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Cheon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan 38541 , Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Ewha Womans University , Seoul 120-750 , Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Seok Lee
- College of Pharmacy , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan 38541 , Republic of Korea
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Ueda A, Oikawa K, Fujita K, Ishikawa A, Sato E, Ishikawa T, Kuroda M, Kanekura K. Therapeutic potential of PLK1 inhibition in triple-negative breast cancer. J Transl Med 2019; 99:1275-1286. [PMID: 30996295 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is responsible for significant number of breast cancer-associated deaths because of lacking of successful molecular-targeted therapy. To explore a therapeutic target for TNBC, we performed a siRNA-mediated knockdown screening and identified Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) as a potential therapeutic target for TNBC. Knockdown of PLK1 as well as a small compound inhibitor for PLK1, BI-2536, induced G2/M arrest and created polyploid cell population, shown by increased DNA content and nuclear size. Inhibition of PLK1 eventually triggered apoptosis in multiple TNBC cell lines. In addition, we confirmed that PLK1 was significantly overexpressed in the tissues from TNBC patients compared with the tissues of normal mammary glands and benign breast tumors. Our data indicated that PLK1 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of mitosis of TNBC cells. Although future in vivo studies are warranted, targeting PLK1 by a selective inhibitor such as BI-2536 can be an attractive molecular-targeted therapy for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Ueda
- Department of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Keiki Oikawa
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Koji Fujita
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Akio Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Eiichi Sato
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishikawa
- Department of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kuroda
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan.
| | - Kohsuke Kanekura
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan.
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Ferreira PMP, Machado KDC, Lavorato SN, Oliveira FDCED, Silva JDN, Almeida AACD, Santos LDS, Silva VR, Bezerra DP, Soares MBP, Pessoa C, Moraes Filho MOD, Ferreira JRDO, Sousa JMDCE, Maltarollo VG, Alves RJ. Pharmacological and physicochemical profile of arylacetamides as tools against human cancers. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 380:114692. [PMID: 31356931 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Arylacetamides are widely used as synthetic intermediates to obtain medicinal substances. This work evaluated in vitro antiproliferative activity of ten 2-Chloro-N-arylacetamides on human normal and cancer cells and detailed in vivo toxicological and anticancer investigations. Initially, cytotoxic colorimetric assays were performed using tumor lines, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and erythrocytes. Compounds 2, 3 and 4 were tested for acute toxicity (50, 150 and 300 mg/kg) and for subacute antitumoral capacity in HCT-116 colon carcinoma-bearing xenograft mice for 15 days at 25 mg/kg/day. Most compounds revealed cytotoxic action on tumor lines and PBMC, but activity on human erythrocytes were not detected. Molecular dipole moment, lipophilicity and electronic constant of aryl substituents had effects upon in vitro antiproliferative capacity. More common in vivo acute behavioral signals with compounds 2, 3 and 4 were muscle relaxation, reduction of spontaneous locomotor activity and number of entries in closed arms and increased number of falls andtime spent in open arms, suggesting diazepam-like anxiolytic properties. Decrease of grabbing strength and overall activity were common, but palpebral ptosis and deaths occurred at 300 mg/kg only. Compounds 2 and 3 reduced colon carcinoma growth (21.2 and 27.5%, respectively, p < 0.05) without causing apparent signals of organ-specific toxicity after subacute exposure. The structural chemical simplicity of arylacetamides make them cost-effective alternatives and justifies further improvements to enhance activity, selectivity and the development of pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil; Postgraduate Programs in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64.049-550, Brazil.
| | - Kátia da Conceição Machado
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil; Postgraduate Programs in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64.049-550, Brazil
| | - Stefânia Neiva Lavorato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras 47808-021, Brazil
| | | | - Jurandy do Nascimento Silva
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil; Postgraduate Programs in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64.049-550, Brazil
| | - Antonia Amanda Cardoso de Almeida
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil; Postgraduate Programs in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64.049-550, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Cláudia Pessoa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-270, Brazil
| | - Manoel Odorico de Moraes Filho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-270, Brazil
| | | | - João Marcelo de Castro E Sousa
- Postgraduate Programs in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64.049-550, Brazil; Department of Biology, Federal University of Piauí, Picos, Piauí 64067-670, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Gonçalves Maltarollo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ricardo José Alves
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
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Kocik J, Machula M, Wisniewska A, Surmiak E, Holak TA, Skalniak L. Helping the Released Guardian: Drug Combinations for Supporting the Anticancer Activity of HDM2 (MDM2) Antagonists. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11071014. [PMID: 31331108 PMCID: PMC6678622 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11071014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein p53, known as the “Guardian of the Genome”, plays an important role in maintaining DNA integrity, providing protection against cancer-promoting mutations. Dysfunction of p53 is observed in almost every cancer, with 50% of cases bearing loss-of-function mutations/deletions in the TP53 gene. In the remaining 50% of cases the overexpression of HDM2 (mouse double minute 2, human homolog) protein, which is a natural inhibitor of p53, is the most common way of keeping p53 inactive. Disruption of HDM2-p53 interaction with the use of HDM2 antagonists leads to the release of p53 and expression of its target genes, engaged in the induction of cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, senescence, and apoptosis. The induction of apoptosis, however, is restricted to only a handful of p53wt cells, and, generally, cancer cells treated with HDM2 antagonists are not efficiently eliminated. For this reason, HDM2 antagonists were tested in combinations with multiple other therapeutics in a search for synergy that would enhance the cancer eradication. This manuscript aims at reviewing the recent progress in developing strategies of combined cancer treatment with the use of HDM2 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Kocik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Machula
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Aneta Wisniewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Surmiak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tad A Holak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Skalniak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
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Lee JJ, Park IH, Rhee WJ, Kim HS, Shin JS. HMGB1 modulates the balance between senescence and apoptosis in response to genotoxic stress. FASEB J 2019; 33:10942-10953. [PMID: 31284735 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900288r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is involved in various diseases and is associated with the resistance of many types of human cancers to chemotherapy; however, its role in cancer metastasis remains unexplored. This study examined the HMGB1 status of both highly and poorly metastatic cancer cells in response to genotoxic stress. The weakly and highly metastatic mouse melanoma cell lines (B16 vs. B16-F10), human melanoma cell lines (SK-MEL-28 vs. SK-MEL-24), colon cancer cell lines (DLD-1 vs. LS174T), and wild-type (WT) vs. HMGB1 knockout (KO) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were treated with doxorubicin (Dox) and camptothecin (CPT), and then cellular morphology, senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining, lactate dehydrogenase release, and caspase-3 activation were used to assess cell fate. To investigate the role of HMGB1 in p21 expression, HMGB1 and p21 expressions were examined by Western blotting, and the HMGB1-mediated p21 promoter luciferase assay was performed after small interfering RNA or overexpression of HMGB1 prior to Dox treatment. Although highly metastatic mouse melanoma B16-F10 cells preferred senescence, with persistent HMGB1 expression, poorly metastatic B16 cells entered apoptosis, with decreasing HMGB1 levels via cleavage under Dox treatment. Similarly, more metastatic human melanoma SK-MEL-24 and human colon cancer LS174T cells underwent senescence, whereas fewer metastatic melanoma SK-MEL-28 and DLD-1 cells exhibited apoptosis under Dox stimulation. In senescent B16-F10, SK-MEL-24, and LS174T cells treated with Dox, p21 levels were increased by persistent HMGB1 expression. Furthermore, HMGB1 depletion caused a senescence-apoptosis shift with p21 down-regulation in B16-F10 cells, and HMGB1 overexpression switched from apoptosis to senescence concomitantly with increased p21 expression in B16 cells after Dox treatment. The same effects were observed in both cell pairs of mouse melanoma and human colon cancer cells treated with CPT, another genotoxic stressor. Indeed, although WT MEF entered senescence accompanied by p21 increase, HMGB1 KO underwent apoptosis with p21 decrease by Dox treatment. In our cell model system, we demonstrated that highly metastatic cancer cells preferentially enter senescence, whereas apoptosis predominates in weakly metastatic cancer cells under genotoxic stress, which depends on the presence or absence of HMGB1, suggesting that the HMGB1-p21 axis is required for genotoxic stress-induced senescence. These findings suggest that HMGB1 modulation of cancers with different metastatic status could be a strategy for selectively enforcing tumor suppression.-Lee, J.-J., Park, I. H., Rhee, W. J., Kim, H. S., Shin, J.-S. HMGB1 modulates the balance between senescence and apoptosis in response to genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Jung Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Ho Park
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo Joong Rhee
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Sue Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeon-Soo Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, South Korea
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70
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Kuhns KJ, Lopez-Bertoni H, Coulter JB, Bressler JP. TET1 regulates DNA repair in human glial cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 380:114646. [PMID: 31278917 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastomas are the most aggressive of malignant brain cancers with a median patient survival of approximately 18 months. We recently demonstrated that Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 1(TET1) is involved in cellular responses to ionizing radiation (IR) in glial-, glioblastoma-, and non-tumor-derived cells. This study used a lentiviral-mediated knockdown of TET1 to further dissect the contribution of TET1 to the DNA damage response in glial cell lines by evaluating its role in DNA repair. TET1-deficient glial cell lines displayed attenuated cytotoxicity compared to non-targeted knockdown after treatment with IR but these differences were not observed between control and TET1 deficient in response to inhibitors of Na+/K+-ATPase. Additionally, the percentage of glial cells displaying γH2A.x foci was greatly reduced in TET1-deficient glial cells compared to non-targeted knockdown conditions in response to IR and topoisomerase inhibitors. We also observed a lower percentage and a delay in 53BP1 foci formation, a marker of non-homologous end-joining, in response to IR and topoisomerase inhibitors in TET1-deficient glial cells. DNA-PK, another marker of non-homologous end-joining, was also lower in TET1-deficient glial cell lines. Interestingly, TET1-deficient glial cells displayed higher numbers of DNA strand breaks compared to control cells and repaired DNA breaks less efficiently in Comet assays. We suggest that attenuated DNA repair in TET1 deficient gliomas leads to genomic instability, which underlies poor patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Kuhns
- Environmental Health Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Hernando Lopez-Bertoni
- Department of Neurology, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, 707 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jonathan B Coulter
- Department of Neurology, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, 707 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Environmental Health Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Joseph P Bressler
- Department of Neurology, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, 707 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Environmental Health Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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71
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Bjelogrlić SK, Todorović TR, Kojić M, Senćanski M, Nikolić M, Višnjevac A, Araškov J, Miljković M, Muller CD, Filipović NR. Pd(II) complexes with N-heteroaromatic hydrazone ligands: Anticancer activity, in silico and experimental target identification. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 199:110758. [PMID: 31299379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer activity of Pd complexes 1-5 with bidentate N-heteroaromatic hydrazone ligands was investigated on human acute monocytic leukemia (THP-1; cells in a suspension) and human mammary adenocarcinoma (MCF-7; two-dimensional layer and three-dimensional spheroid tumor model) cell lines. For the Pd(II) complexes with condensation products of ethyl hydrazainoacetate and quinoline-8-carboxaldehyde (complex 1) and 2-formylpyridine (complex 3), for which apoptosis was determined as a mechanism of anticancer activity, further investigation revealed that they arrest the cell cycle in G0/G1 phase, induce generation of reactive oxygen species and inhibit Topoisomerase I in vitro. In silico studies corroborate experimental findings that these complexes show topoisomerase inhibition activity in the micromolar range and indicate binding to a DNA's minor groove as another potential target. Based on the results obtained by circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy measurements, the most active complexes are suitable to be delivered to a blood stream via human serum albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snežana K Bjelogrlić
- National Cancer Research Center of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UMR 7178 CNRS Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Tamara R Todorović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Kojić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, V. Stepe 444a, P.O. Box 23, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Senćanski
- Center for Multidisciplinary Research, Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinča", University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Nikolić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Višnjevac
- Physical Chemistry Division, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jovana Araškov
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Miljković
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, V. Stepe 444a, P.O. Box 23, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Christian D Muller
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UMR 7178 CNRS Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Nenad R Filipović
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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72
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Different Types of Cellular Stress Affect the Proteome Composition of Small Extracellular Vesicles: A Mini Review. Proteomes 2019; 7:proteomes7020023. [PMID: 31126168 PMCID: PMC6631412 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes7020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are well-known mediators of the cellular response to different stress factors, yet the exact mechanism of their action remains unclear. Hence, the characterization of their cargo, consisting of proteins, nucleic acids, and different classes of metabolites, helps to elucidate an understanding of their function in stress-related communication. The unexpected diversity and complexity of these vesicles requires the incorporation of multiple technologically advanced approaches in EV-oriented studies. This mini review focuses on the invaluable role of proteomics, especially mass spectrometry-based tools, in the investigation of the role of small EVs in their response to stress. Though relatively few experimental works address this issue to date, the available data indicate that stress conditions would affect the composition of protein cargo of vesicles released by stressed cells, as evidenced by the functional importance of such changes in the context of the response of recipient cells.
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73
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Fujinaga H, Sakai Y, Yamashita T, Arai K, Terashima T, Komura T, Seki A, Kawaguchi K, Nasti A, Yoshida K, Wada T, Yamamoto K, Kume K, Hasegawa T, Takata T, Honda M, Kaneko S. Biological characteristics of gene expression features in pancreatic cancer cells induced by proton and X-ray irradiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:571-579. [PMID: 30557072 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1558297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation therapy is an important alternative treatment for advanced cancer. The aim of the current study was to disclose distinct alterations of the biological characteristics of gene expression features in pancreatic cancer cells, MIAPaCa-2, following proton and X-ray irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using cDNA microarray, we examined the gene expression alterations of MIAPaCa-2 cells following proton or X-ray irradiation. We also isolated the surviving MIAPaCa-2 cells after irradiation and analyzed their gene expression profiles. RESULTS Although the cytocidal effects of both types of irradiation were similar at sufficient doses in vitro and in vivo, the affected gene expression profile alterations of MIAPaCa-2 cells irradiated with protons were distinct from those irradiated with X-ray. Interestingly, clustering analysis of gene expression of the surviving MIAPaCa-2 cells was also completely discernible between the two types of irradiation. However, a similar cytocidal effect was still observed in the proton- and X-ray-irradiated surviving cells after re-irradiation, commonly showing biological effects related to apoptosis and cell cycle processes. CONCLUSIONS Proton irradiation treatment for pancreatic cancer provides the distinct biological effect of steady gene expression alterations compared to X-ray irradiation; however, surviving cells from both types of irradiation were still susceptible to the cytocidal effects induced by proton re-irradiation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruo Fujinaga
- a Disease control and homeostasis , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Yoshio Sakai
- b Department of Gastroenterology , Kanazawa University Hospital , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamashita
- b Department of Gastroenterology , Kanazawa University Hospital , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Kuniaki Arai
- b Department of Gastroenterology , Kanazawa University Hospital , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Takeshi Terashima
- b Department of Gastroenterology , Kanazawa University Hospital , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Takuya Komura
- c System Biology , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Akihiro Seki
- c System Biology , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Kazunori Kawaguchi
- b Department of Gastroenterology , Kanazawa University Hospital , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Alessandro Nasti
- a Disease control and homeostasis , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Keiko Yoshida
- a Disease control and homeostasis , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Takashi Wada
- d Department of Nephrology , Kanazawa University Hospital , Kanazawa , Japan
| | | | - Kyo Kume
- e The Wakasa Wan Energy Research Center , Tsuruga , Japan
| | | | - Takushi Takata
- e The Wakasa Wan Energy Research Center , Tsuruga , Japan
| | - Masao Honda
- b Department of Gastroenterology , Kanazawa University Hospital , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- a Disease control and homeostasis , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan.,b Department of Gastroenterology , Kanazawa University Hospital , Kanazawa , Japan.,c System Biology , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
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74
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Wilde S, Queisser N, Holz C, Raschke M, Sutter A. Differentiation of Aneugens and Clastogens in the In Vitro Micronucleus Test by Kinetochore Scoring Using Automated Image Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2019; 60:227-242. [PMID: 30561837 DOI: 10.1002/em.22259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro micronucleus test according to OECD Test Guideline 487 (TG 487) is widely used to investigate the genotoxic potential of drugs. Besides the identification of in vitro genotoxicants, the assay can be complemented with kinetochore staining for the differentiation between clastogens and aneugens. This differentiation constitutes a major contribution to risk assessment as especially aneugens show a threshold response. Thus, a novel method for automated MN plus kinetochore (k+) scoring by image analysis was developed based on the OECD TG 487. Compound-induced increases in MN frequency can be detected using the cytokinesis-block (cytochalasin B) method in V79 cells after 24 h in a 96-well format. Nuclei, MN, and kinetochores were labeled with nuclear counterstain and anti-kinetochore antibodies, respectively, to score MN in binuclear or multinuclear cells and to differentiate compound-induced MN by the presence of kinetochores. First, a reference data set was created by manual scoring using two clastogens and aneugens. After developing the automated scoring process, a set of 14 reference genotoxicants were studied. The automated image analysis yielded the expected results: 5/5 clastogens and 6/6 aneugens (sensitivity: 100%) as well as 3/3 non-genotoxicants (specificity: 100%) were correctly identified. Further, a threshold was determined for identifying aneugens. Based on the data for our internally characterized reference compounds, unknown compounds that induce ≥53.8% k+ MN are classified as aneugens. The current data demonstrate excellent specificity and sensitivity and the methodology is superior to manual microscopic analysis in terms of speed and throughput as well as the absence of human bias. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:227-242, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Wilde
- Bayer AG, Investigational Toxicology, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer ITEM, Preclinical Pharmacology and In Vitro Toxicology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nina Queisser
- Bayer AG, Investigational Toxicology, Berlin, Germany
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75
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Verma N, Franchitto M, Zonfrilli A, Cialfi S, Palermo R, Talora C. DNA Damage Stress: Cui Prodest? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1073. [PMID: 30832234 PMCID: PMC6429504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA is an entity shielded by mechanisms that maintain genomic stability and are essential for living cells; however, DNA is constantly subject to assaults from the environment throughout the cellular life span, making the genome susceptible to mutation and irreparable damage. Cells are prepared to mend such events through cell death as an extrema ratio to solve those threats from a multicellular perspective. However, in cells under various stress conditions, checkpoint mechanisms are activated to allow cells to have enough time to repair the damaged DNA. In yeast, entry into the cell cycle when damage is not completely repaired represents an adaptive mechanism to cope with stressful conditions. In multicellular organisms, entry into cell cycle with damaged DNA is strictly forbidden. However, in cancer development, individual cells undergo checkpoint adaptation, in which most cells die, but some survive acquiring advantageous mutations and selfishly evolve a conflictual behavior. In this review, we focus on how, in cancer development, cells rely on checkpoint adaptation to escape DNA stress and ultimately to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra Verma
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Matteo Franchitto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Azzurra Zonfrilli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Samantha Cialfi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Rocco Palermo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudio Talora
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Mascarenhas S, Mutnuri S, Ganguly A. Silica - A trace geogenic element with emerging nephrotoxic potential. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:297-317. [PMID: 30029111 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Silica is a trace-geogenic compound with limited-bioavailability. It inflicts health-perils like pulmonary-silicosis and chronic kidney disease (CKD), when available via anthropogenic-disturbances. Amidst silica-imposed pathologies, pulmonary toxicological-mechanisms are well-described, ignoring the renal-pathophysiological mechanisms. Hence, the present-study aimed to elucidate cellular-cum-molecular toxicological-mechanisms underlying silica-induced renal-pathology in-vitro. Various toxicity-assessments were used to study effects of silica on the physiological-functions of HK-cells (human-kidney proximal-tubular cells - the toxin's prime target) on chronic (1-7 days) sub-toxic (80 mg/L) and toxic (100-120 mg/L) dosing. Results depicted that silica triggered dose-cum-time dependent cytotoxicity/cell-death (MTT-assay) that significantly increased on long-term dosing with ≥100 mg/L silica; establishing the nephrotoxic-potential of this dose. Contrarily, insignificant cell-death on sub-toxic (80 mg/L) dosing was attributed to rapid intracellular toxin-clearance at lower-doses preventing toxic-effects. The proximal-tubular (HK-cells) cytotoxicity was found to be primarily mediated by silica-triggered incessant oxidative-stress (elevated ROS).·This enhanced ROS inflicted severe inflammation and subsequent fibrosis, evident from increased pro-inflammatory-cum-fibrogenic cytokines generation (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β). Simultaneously, ROS induced persistent DNA-damage (Comet-assay) that stimulated G2/M arrest for p53-mediated damage-repair, aided by checkpoint-promoter (Chk1) activation and mitotic-inducers (i.e. Cdc-25, Cdk1, cyclinB1) inhibition. However, DNA-injuries surpassed the cellular-repair, which provoked the p53-gene to induce mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic cell-death via activation of Bax, cytochrome-c and caspase-cascade (9/3). This persistent apoptotic cell-death and simultaneous incessant inflammation culminated in the development of tubular-atrophy and fibrosis, the major pathological-manifestations of CKD. These findings provided novel-insights into the pathological-mechanisms (cellular and molecular) of silica-induced CKD, inflicted on chronic toxic-dosing (≥100 mg/L).Thereby, encouraging the development of therapeutic-strategies (e.g. anti-oxidant treatment) for specific molecular-targets (e.g. ROS) to retard silica-induced CKD-progression, for reduction in the global-CKD burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Starlaine Mascarenhas
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus, NH 17 B, Zuarinagar, Goa 403 726, India.
| | - Srikanth Mutnuri
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus, NH 17 B, Zuarinagar, Goa 403 726, India.
| | - Anasuya Ganguly
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus, NH 17 B, Zuarinagar, Goa 403 726, India.
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Dias MH, Fonseca CS, Zeidler JD, Albuquerque LL, da Silva MS, Cararo-Lopes E, Reis MS, Noël V, Dos Santos EO, Prior IA, Armelin HA. Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 lethally sensitizes cancer cells to stress-targeted therapeutic inhibitors. Mol Oncol 2018; 13:290-306. [PMID: 30422399 PMCID: PMC6360366 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In malignant transformation, cellular stress‐response pathways are dynamically mobilized to counterbalance oncogenic activity, keeping cancer cells viable. Therapeutic disruption of this vulnerable homeostasis might change the outcome of many human cancers, particularly those for which no effective therapy is available. Here, we report the use of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) to demonstrate that further mitogenic activation disrupts cellular homeostasis and strongly sensitizes cancer cells to stress‐targeted therapeutic inhibitors. We show that FGF2 enhanced replication and proteotoxic stresses in a K‐Ras‐driven murine cancer cell model, and combinations of FGF2 and proteasome or DNA damage response‐checkpoint inhibitors triggered cell death. CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated K‐Ras depletion suppressed the malignant phenotype and prevented these synergic toxicities in these murine cells. Moreover, in a panel of human Ewing's sarcoma family tumor cells, sublethal concentrations of bortezomib (proteasome inhibitor) or VE‐821 (ATR inhibitor) induced cell death when combined with FGF2. Sustained MAPK‐ERK1/2 overactivation induced by FGF2 appears to underlie these synthetic lethalities, as late pharmacological inhibition of this pathway restored cell homeostasis and prevented these described synergies. Our results highlight how mitotic signaling pathways which are frequently overridden in malignant transformation might be exploited to disrupt the robustness of cancer cells, ultimately sensitizing them to stress‐targeted therapies. This approach provides a new therapeutic rationale for human cancers, with important implications for tumors still lacking effective treatment, and for those that frequently relapse after treatment with available therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus H Dias
- Center of Toxins, Immune-response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS) and Laboratório Especial de Ciclo Celular (LECC), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.,Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Cecília S Fonseca
- Center of Toxins, Immune-response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS) and Laboratório Especial de Ciclo Celular (LECC), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julianna D Zeidler
- Center of Toxins, Immune-response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS) and Laboratório Especial de Ciclo Celular (LECC), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Layra L Albuquerque
- Center of Toxins, Immune-response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS) and Laboratório Especial de Ciclo Celular (LECC), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo S da Silva
- Center of Toxins, Immune-response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS) and Laboratório Especial de Ciclo Celular (LECC), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Cararo-Lopes
- Center of Toxins, Immune-response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS) and Laboratório Especial de Ciclo Celular (LECC), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo S Reis
- Center of Toxins, Immune-response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS) and Laboratório Especial de Ciclo Celular (LECC), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vincent Noël
- Center of Toxins, Immune-response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS) and Laboratório Especial de Ciclo Celular (LECC), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edmilson O Dos Santos
- Center of Toxins, Immune-response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS) and Laboratório Especial de Ciclo Celular (LECC), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ian A Prior
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Hugo A Armelin
- Center of Toxins, Immune-response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS) and Laboratório Especial de Ciclo Celular (LECC), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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78
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Quispe-Tintaya W, Lee M, Dong X, Weiser DA, Vijg J, Maslov AY. Bleomycin-induced genome structural variations in normal, non-tumor cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16523. [PMID: 30410071 PMCID: PMC6224559 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34580-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Many anticancer drugs are genotoxic agents inducing DNA breaks in actively proliferating cancer cells. However, these same drugs also induce mutations, mostly genome structural variations (GSVs). The detection of GSVs in normal cells and tissues is a major challenge due to the very low abundance of these mutations, which are essentially only detectable in clonal outgrowths, such as tumors. Previously we developed Structural Variant Search (SVS) – an NGS-based assay for the quantitative detection of somatic GSVs in normal cells. Using an improved version of SVS we now demonstrate that the same dose of the anti-cancer drug bleomycin induces about 5 times more somatic GSVs in quiescent primary human fibroblasts than in proliferating cells. GVS induction in non-dividing, normal cells was subsequently confirmed in vivo by demonstrating that a single dose of bleomycin leads to a significant increase of GSV frequency in mouse liver and heart, two postmitotic tissues. Our findings suggest that normal non-cycling differentiated cells may serve as a reservoir of iatrogenically induced mutations. These results provide more insight into the possible molecular mechanisms that underlie late-life morbidities in cancer survivors exposed to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moonsook Lee
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Xiao Dong
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Daniel A Weiser
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jan Vijg
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Alexander Y Maslov
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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79
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Bjelogrlić S, Todorović TR, Cvijetić I, Rodić MV, Vujčić M, Marković S, Araškov J, Janović B, Emhemmed F, Muller CD, Filipović NR. A novel binuclear hydrazone-based Cd(II) complex is a strong pro-apoptotic inducer with significant activity against 2D and 3D pancreatic cancer stem cells. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 190:45-66. [PMID: 30352315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel binuclear Cd complex (1) with hydrazone-based ligand was prepared and characterized by spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. Complex 1 reveals a strong pro-apoptotic activity in both human, mammary adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7) and pancreatic AsPC-1 cancer stem cells (CSCs). While apoptosis undergoes mostly caspase-independent, 1 stimulates the activation of intrinsic pathway with noteworthy down regulation of caspase-8 activity in respect to non-treated controls. Distribution of cells over mitotic division indicates that 1 caused DNA damage in both cell lines, which is confirmed in DNA interaction studies. Compared to 1, cisplatin (CDDP) does not achieve cell death in 2D cultured AsPC-1 cells, while induces different pattern of cell cycle changes and caspase activation in 2D cultured MCF-7 cells, implying that these two compounds do not share similar mechanism of action. Additionally, 1 acts as a powerful inducer of mitochondrial superoxide production with dissipated trans-membrane potential in the majority of the treated cells already after 6 h of incubation. On 3D tumors, 1 displays a superior activity against CSC model, and at 100 μM induces disintegration of spheroids within 2 days of incubation. Fluorescence spectroscopy, along with molecular docking show that compound 1 binds to the minor groove of DNA. Compound 1 binds to the human serum albumin (HSA) showing that the HSA can effectively transport and store 1 in the human body. Thus, our current study strongly supports further investigations on antitumor activity of 1 as a drug candidate for the treatment of highly resistant pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snežana Bjelogrlić
- National Cancer Research Center of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, Serbia; Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UMR 7178 CNRS Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Tamara R Todorović
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ilija Cvijetić
- Innovation Center of the Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko V Rodić
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Miroslava Vujčić
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Marković
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Araškov
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Barbara Janović
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Fathi Emhemmed
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UMR 7178 CNRS Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Christian D Muller
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UMR 7178 CNRS Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Nenad R Filipović
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, Belgrade, Serbia.
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80
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Valencia-Cervantes J, Huerta-Yepez S, Aquino-Jarquín G, Rodríguez-Enríquez S, Martínez-Fong D, Arias-Montaño JA, Dávila-Borja VM. Hypoxia increases chemoresistance in human medulloblastoma DAOY cells via hypoxia‑inducible factor 1α‑mediated downregulation of the CYP2B6, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 enzymes and inhibition of cell proliferation. Oncol Rep 2018; 41:178-190. [PMID: 30320358 PMCID: PMC6278548 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastomas are among the most frequently diagnosed pediatric solid tumors, and drug resistance remains as the principal cause of treatment failure. Hypoxia and the subsequent activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) are considered key factors in modulating drug antitumor effectiveness, but the underlying mechanisms in medulloblastomas have not yet been clearly understood. The aim of the present study was to determine whether hypoxia induces resistance to cyclophosphamide (CPA) and ifosfamide (IFA) in DAOY medulloblastoma cells, whether the mechanism is dependent on HIF-1α, and whether involves the modulation of the expression of cytochromes P450 (CYP)2B6, 3A4 and 3A5 and the control of cell proliferation. Monolayer cultures of DAOY medulloblastoma cells were exposed for 24 h to moderate (1% O2) or severe (0.1% O2) hypoxia, and protein expression was evaluated by immunoblotting. Cytotoxicity was studied with the MTT assay and by Annexin V/PI staining and flow cytometry. Cell proliferation was determined by the trypan-blue exclusion assay and cell cycle by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry. Hypoxia decreased CPA and IFA cytotoxicity in medulloblastoma cells, which correlated with a reduction in the protein levels of CYP2B6, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 and inhibition of cell proliferation. These responses were dependent on hypoxia-induced HIF-1α activation, as evidenced by chemical inhibition of its transcriptional activity with 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME), which enhanced the cytotoxic activity of CPA and IFA and increased apoptosis. Our results indicate that by stimulating HIF-1α activity, hypoxia downregulates the expression of CYP2B6, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5, that in turn leads to decreased conversion of CPA and IFA into their active forms and thus to diminished cytotoxicity. These results support that the combination of HIF-1α inhibitors and canonical antineoplastic agents provides a potential therapeutic alternative against medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Valencia-Cervantes
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Sara Huerta-Yepez
- Oncology Disease Research Unit, Children's Hospital of Mexico 'Federico Gomez', Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Aquino-Jarquín
- Laboratory of Research on Genomics, Genetics and Bioinformatics, Haemato‑Oncology Building, Children's Hospital of Mexico 'Federico Gomez', Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Sara Rodríguez-Enríquez
- Department of Biochemistry,National Institute of Cardiology 'Ignacio Chavez', Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Daniel Martínez-Fong
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - José-Antonio Arias-Montaño
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City 07360, Mexico
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81
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Zhou ZQ, Zhao JJ, Chen CL, Liu Y, Zeng JX, Wu ZR, Tang Y, Zhu Q, Weng DS, Xia JC. HUS1 checkpoint clamp component (HUS1) is a potential tumor suppressor in primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2018; 58:76-87. [PMID: 30182378 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The HUS1 checkpoint clamp component (HUS1), which is a member of an evolutionarily conserved, genotoxin-activated checkpoint complex (Rad9-Rad1-Hus1 [9-1-1] complex), is involved in cell cycle arrest and DNA repair in response to DNA damage. We conducted this study to investigate the biological significances of HUS1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. The mRNA and protein expression levels of HUS1 were determined using Real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. One hundered and twenty four paraffin sections from HCC tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry to assess the association between HUS1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics of patients. The Kaplan-Meier method was performed to calculate the OS and RFS curves. Cell proliferation and colony formation assays, cell migration and invasion assays and cell cycle assays were used to determine the suppressor role of HUS1 in vitro. A mouse model was used to determine the effect of HUS1 on tumorigenesis. The expression of HUS1 was significantly decreased in HCC cell lines and tissues, and low HUS1 expression was associated with poor prognosis of HCC patients. Upregulation of HUS1 expression inhibited the cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion, as well as arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 in HCC cells in vitro. Moreover, sufficient HUS1 expression inhibited the tumor growth in nude mice. Our study revealed for the first time that HUS1 is a potential tumor suppressor that might produce an antitumor effect in human HCC. Furthermore, HUS1 may serve as a prognostic indicator and could be used for therapeutic application in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Qi Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Long Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Xiong Zeng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Rong Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - De-Sheng Weng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Chuan Xia
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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82
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Andrade SN, Evangelista FCG, Seckler D, Marques DR, Freitas TR, Nunes RR, Oliveira JT, Ribeiro RIMA, Santos HB, Thomé RG, Taranto AG, Santos FV, Viana GHR, Freitas RP, Humberto JL, Sabino ADP, Hilário FF, Varotti FP. Synthesis, cytotoxic activity, and mode of action of new Santacruzamate A analogs. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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83
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Lemes SR, eSilva CR, Véras JH, Chen-Chen L, Lima RS, Perez CN, Montes de Sousa MA, de Melo Reis PR, da Silva Junior NJ. Presence of antigenotoxic and anticytotoxic effects of the chalcone 1E,4E-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one using in vitro and in vivo assays. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 43:383-390. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1497046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susy Ricardo Lemes
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lee Chen-Chen
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Rosa Silva Lima
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Alice Montes de Sousa
- Laboratório de Estudos Experimentais e Biotecnológicos, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto de Melo Reis
- Laboratório de Estudos Experimentais e Biotecnológicos, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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84
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Shrestha A, Park S, Shin S, Man Kadayat T, Bist G, Katila P, Kwon Y, Lee ES. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, structure-activity relationship study, and mode of action of 2-phenol-4,6-dichlorophenyl-pyridines. Bioorg Chem 2018; 79:1-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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85
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Mello-Andrade F, Cardoso CG, Silva CRE, Chen-Chen L, Melo-Reis PRD, Lima APD, Oliveira R, Ferraz IBM, Grisolia CK, Almeida MAP, Batista AA, Silveira-Lacerda EDP. Acute toxic effects of ruthenium (II)/amino acid/diphosphine complexes on Swiss mice and zebrafish embryos. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:1082-1092. [PMID: 30257320 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticancer potential of ruthenium complexes has been widely investigated, but safety evaluation studies are still scarce. Despite of ruthenium-based anticancer agents are known to cause fewer side effects compared to other metal-based drugs, these compounds are not fully free of toxicity, causing mainly nephrotoxicity. Based on the promising results from antitumor activity of the complexes [Ru(L-Met)(bipy)(dppb)]PF6 (RuMet) and [Ru(L-Trp)(bipy)(dppb)]PF6 (RuTrp), for the first time we investigated the toxicity profile of these complexes in rodent and zebrafish models. The acute oral toxicity was evaluated in Swiss mice. The mutagenic and genotoxic potential was determined by a combination of Micronucleus (MN) and Comet assay protocols, after exposure of Swiss mice to RuMet and RuTrp in therapeutic doses. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to these complexes, and their development observed up to 96 h post-fertilization. RuMet and RuTrp complexes showed low acute oral toxicity. Recorded behavioral changes were not recorded, nor were macroscopic morphological changes or structural modifications in the liver and kidneys. These complexes did not cause genetic toxicity, presenting a lack of micronuclei formation and low DNA damage induction in the cells from Swiss mice. In contradiction, cisplatin treatment exhibited high mutagenicity and genotoxicity. RuMet and RuTrp showed low toxicity in the embryo development of zebrafish. The RuMet and RuTrp complexes demonstrated low toxicity in the two study models, an interesting property in preclinical studies for novel anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francyelli Mello-Andrade
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Cléver Gomes Cardoso
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Carolina Ribeiro E Silva
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO,74690-900, Brazil
| | - Lee Chen-Chen
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO,74690-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto de Melo-Reis
- Laboratory of Experimental and Biotechnological Research, Master's Program in Environmental Sciences and Health of School of Medical Sciences, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical, Laboratory, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74605-010, Brazil
| | - Aliny Pereira de Lima
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Rhaul Oliveira
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Irvin Bryan Machado Ferraz
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Cesar Koppe Grisolia
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | | | - Alzir Azevedo Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Elisângela de Paula Silveira-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
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86
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Tessari A, Parbhoo K, Pawlikowski M, Fassan M, Rulli E, Foray C, Fabbri A, Embrione V, Ganzinelli M, Capece M, Campbell MJ, Broggini M, La Perle K, Farina G, Cole S, Marabese M, Hernandez M, Amann JM, Pruneri G, Carbone DP, Garassino MC, Croce CM, Palmieri D, Coppola V. RANBP9 affects cancer cells response to genotoxic stress and its overexpression is associated with worse response to platinum in NSCLC patients. Oncogene 2018; 37:6463-6476. [PMID: 30076413 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0424-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Although limited by severe side effects and development of resistance, platinum-based therapies still represent the most common first-line treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, a crucial need in the clinical management of NSCLC is represented by the identification of cases sensitive to DNA damage response (DDR)-targeting drugs, such as cisplatin or PARP inhibitors. Here, we provide a molecular rationale for the stratification of NSCLC patients potentially benefitting from platinum compounds based on the expression levels of RANBP9, a recently identified player of the cellular DDR. RANBP9 was found overexpressed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in NSCLC compared to normal adjacent tissues (NATs) (n = 147). Moreover, a retrospective analysis of 132 platinum-treated patients from the multi-centric TAILOR trial showed that RANBP9 overexpression levels are associated with clinical response to platinum compounds [Progression Free Survival Hazard Ratio (RANBP9 high vs low) 1.73, 95% CI 1.15-2.59, p = 0.0084; Overall Survival HR (RANBP9 high vs low) 1.99, 95% CI 1.27-3.11, p = 0.003]. Accordingly, RANBP9 KO cells showed higher sensitivity to cisplatin in comparison with WT controls both in vitro and in vivo models. NSCLC RANBP9 KO cells were also more sensitive than control cells to the PARP inhibitor olaparib alone and in combination with cisplatin, due to defective ATM-dependent and hyper-activated PARP-dependent DDR. The current investigation paves the way to prospective studies to assess the clinical value of RANBP9 protein levels as prognostic and predictive biomarker of response to DDR-targeting drugs, leading to the development of new tools for the management of NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tessari
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Kareesma Parbhoo
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Meghan Pawlikowski
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Eliana Rulli
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Foray
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Alessandra Fabbri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Embrione
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Monica Ganzinelli
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Capece
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Moray J Campbell
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 536 Parks Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Massimo Broggini
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Krista La Perle
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Comparative Pathology and Mouse Phenotyping Shared Resource, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gabriella Farina
- Department of Oncology, Ospedale Fatebenefratelli and Oftalmico, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Cole
- Campus Microscopy and Imaging Facility, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Mirko Marabese
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Marianna Hernandez
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Joseph M Amann
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, James Thoracic Center, Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Giancarlo Pruneri
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - David P Carbone
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, James Thoracic Center, Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Marina C Garassino
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Dario Palmieri
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Vincenzo Coppola
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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87
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Chin TF, Ibrahim K, Thirunavakarasu T, Azanan MS, Oh L, Lum SH, Yap TY, Ariffin H. Nonclonal Chromosomal Aberrations in Childhood Leukemia Survivors. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2018; 37:243-253. [PMID: 30273079 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2018.1492054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survivors of childhood cancer are at risk of developing a second malignancy. One possible mechanism for neoplastic transformation of cells is through induction of persistent genomic instability. This study aims to seek evidence of chromosomal instability in long-term childhood leukemia survivors (CLS) in one of the largest pediatric academic oncology centers in South East Asia. METHODS 50 asymptomatic (subjects have remained leukemia-free since treatment cessation) CLS and 50 healthy controls were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Of 50 CLS, 44 had acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 6 had acute myeloid leukemia. G-banded karyotyping was performed on unstimulated peripheral blood leukocytes of all subjects. RESULTS CLS had significantly higher occurrence of karyotypic abnormalities compared to controls. Five CLS harbored six nonclonal abnormalities (mostly aneuploidy) while none were found in controls. CONCLUSION Subpopulations with nonclonal chromosomal aberrations were present in peripheral blood leukocytes of our cohort of childhood leukemia long-term survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Foh Chin
- a Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia.,b Department of Paediatrics , University of Malaya Medical Centre , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Kamariah Ibrahim
- c Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Tharshanadevasheri Thirunavakarasu
- a Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia.,b Department of Paediatrics , University of Malaya Medical Centre , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Shafiq Azanan
- a Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia.,b Department of Paediatrics , University of Malaya Medical Centre , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Lixian Oh
- a Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia.,b Department of Paediatrics , University of Malaya Medical Centre , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Su Han Lum
- a Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Tsiao Yi Yap
- a Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Hany Ariffin
- a Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia.,b Department of Paediatrics , University of Malaya Medical Centre , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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88
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Camptothecin induces G 2/M phase arrest through the ATM-Chk2-Cdc25C axis as a result of autophagy-induced cytoprotection: Implications of reactive oxygen species. Oncotarget 2018; 9:21744-21757. [PMID: 29774099 PMCID: PMC5955160 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we report that camptothecin (CPT) caused irreversible cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, and was associated with decreased levels of cell division cycle 25C (Cdc25C) and increased levels of cyclin B1, p21, and phospho-H3. Interestingly, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor, glutathione, decreased CPT-induced G2/M phase arrest and moderately induced S phase arrest, indicating that the ROS is required for the regulation of CPT-induced G2/M phase arrest. Furthermore, transient knockdown of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), in the presence of CPT, increased the ROS’ level and further shifted the cell cycle from early S phase to the G2/M phase, indicating that Nrf2 delayed the S phase in response to CPT. We also found that CPT-induced G2/M phase arrest increased, along with the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM)-checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2)-Cdc25C axis. Additionally, the proteasome inhibitor, MG132, restored the decrease in Cdc25C levels in response to CPT, and significantly downregulated CPT-induced G2/M phase arrest, suggesting that CPT enhances G2/M phase arrest through proteasome-mediated Cdc25C degradation. Our data also indicated that inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibited CPT-induced p21 and cyclin B1 levels; however, inhibition of ERK blocked CPT-induced G2/M phase arrest, and inhibition of JNK enhanced apoptosis in response to CPT. Finally, we found that CPT-induced G2/M phase arrest circumvented apoptosis by activating autophagy through ATM activation. These findings suggest that CPT-induced G2/M phase arrest through the ROS-ATM-Chk2-Cdc25C axis is accompanied by the activation of autophagy.
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89
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Paz MFCJ, de Alencar MVOB, Gomes Junior AL, da Conceição Machado K, Islam MT, Ali ES, Shill MC, Ahmed MI, Uddin SJ, da Mata AMOF, de Carvalho RM, da Conceição Machado K, Sobral ALP, da Silva FCC, de Castro e Souza JM, Arcanjo DDR, Ferreira PMP, Mishra SK, da Silva J, de Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante AA. Correlations between Risk Factors for Breast Cancer and Genetic Instability in Cancer Patients-A Clinical Perspective Study. Front Genet 2018; 8:236. [PMID: 29503660 PMCID: PMC5821102 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular epidemiological studies have identified several risk factors linking to the genes and external factors in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. In this sense, genetic instability caused by DNA damage and DNA repair inefficiencies are important molecular events for the diagnosis and prognosis of therapies. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze correlation between sociocultural, occupational, and lifestyle risk factors with levels of genetic instability in non-neoplastic cells of breast cancer patients. Total 150 individuals were included in the study that included 50 breast cancer patients submitted to chemotherapy (QT), 50 breast cancer patients submitted to radiotherapy (RT), and 50 healthy women without any cancer. Cytogenetic biomarkers for apoptosis and DNA damage were evaluated in samples of buccal epithelial and peripheral blood cells through micronuclei and comet assay tests. Elder age patients (61-80 years) had higher levels of apoptosis (catriolysis by karyolysis) and DNA damage at the diagnosis (baseline damage) with increased cell damage during QT and especially during RT. We also reported the increased frequencies of cytogenetic biomarkers in patients who were exposed to ionizing radiation as well as for alcoholism and smoking. QT and RT induced high levels of fragmentation (karyorrhexis) and nuclear dissolution (karyolysis) and DNA damage. Correlations were observed between age and karyorrhexis at diagnosis; smoking and karyolysis during RT; and radiation and karyolysis during QT. These correlations indicate that risk factors may also influence the genetic instability in non-neoplastic cells caused to the patients during cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonio Luiz Gomes Junior
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
- Biomedicine Department, UNINOVAFAPI University, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacy, Southern University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Eunus S. Ali
- School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Manik Chandra Shill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Iqbal Ahmed
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Shaikh Jamal Uddin
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Siddhartha Kumar Mishra
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences (Zoology), Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, India
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil
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90
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Pietrobono S, Santini R, Gagliardi S, Dapporto F, Colecchia D, Chiariello M, Leone C, Valoti M, Manetti F, Petricci E, Taddei M, Stecca B. Targeted inhibition of Hedgehog-GLI signaling by novel acylguanidine derivatives inhibits melanoma cell growth by inducing replication stress and mitotic catastrophe. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:142. [PMID: 29396391 PMCID: PMC5833413 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0142-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the Hedgehog (HH) signaling is a critical driver in tumorigenesis. The Smoothened (SMO) receptor is one of the major upstream transducers of the HH pathway and a target for the development of anticancer agents. The SMO inhibitor Vismodegib (GDC-0449/Erivedge) has been approved for treatment of basal cell carcinoma. However, the emergence of resistance during Vismodegib treatment and the occurrence of numerous side effects limit its use. Our group has recently discovered and developed novel and potent SMO inhibitors based on acylguanidine or acylthiourea scaffolds. Here, we show that the two acylguanidine analogs, compound (1) and its novel fluoride derivative (2), strongly reduce growth and self-renewal of melanoma cells, inhibiting the level of the HH signaling target GLI1 in a dose-dependent manner. Both compounds induce apoptosis and DNA damage through the ATR/CHK1 axis. Mechanistically, they prevent G2 to M cell cycle transition, and induce signs of mitotic aberrations ultimately leading to mitotic catastrophe. In a melanoma xenograft mouse model, systemic treatment with 1 produced a remarkable inhibition of tumor growth without body weight loss in mice. Our data highlight a novel route for cell death induction by SMO inhibitors and support their use in therapeutic approaches for melanoma and, possibly, other types of cancer with active HH signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberta Santini
- Core Research Laboratory, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Dapporto
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica and Core Research Laboratory, Istituto Toscano Tumori, AOU Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - David Colecchia
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica and Core Research Laboratory, Istituto Toscano Tumori, AOU Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Mario Chiariello
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica and Core Research Laboratory, Istituto Toscano Tumori, AOU Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Cosima Leone
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Massimo Valoti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Manetti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Petricci
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maurizio Taddei
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Barbara Stecca
- Core Research Laboratory, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy. .,Department of Oncology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
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91
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Zilifdar F, Foto E, Ertan-Bolelli T, Aki-Yalcin E, Yalcin I, Diril N. Biological evaluation and pharmacophore modeling of some benzoxazoles and their possible metabolites. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2018; 351. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201700265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Zilifdar
- Faculty of Science; Department of Molecular Biology; Hacettepe University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Egemen Foto
- Faculty of Science; Department of Molecular Biology; Hacettepe University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Tugba Ertan-Bolelli
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Ankara University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Esin Aki-Yalcin
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Ankara University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Ismail Yalcin
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Ankara University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Nuran Diril
- Faculty of Science; Department of Molecular Biology; Hacettepe University; Ankara Turkey
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92
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Abstract
Cells that undergo checkpoint adaptation arrest at and then abrogate the G2/M cell cycle checkpoint to enter mitosis with damaged DNA. Cells surviving this process frequently contain micronuclei, which can lead to genomic change and chromothripsis. In this chapter we describe how to induce checkpoint adaptation and detect it by time-lapse video and immunofluorescence microscopy and how to isolate cells undergoing checkpoint adaptation from a total cell population.
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93
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Bredemeyer AL, Edwards BS, Haynes MK, Morales AJ, Wang Y, Ursu O, Waller A, Sklar LA, Sleckman BP. High-Throughput Screening Approach for Identifying Compounds That Inhibit Nonhomologous End Joining. SLAS DISCOVERY 2017; 23:624-633. [PMID: 29232168 DOI: 10.1177/2472555217746324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are repaired primarily by homologous recombination (HR) or nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). Compounds that modulate HR have shown promise as cancer therapeutics. The V(D)J recombination reaction, which assembles antigen receptor genes in lymphocytes, is initiated by the introduction of DNA DSBs at two recombining gene segments by the RAG endonuclease, followed by the NHEJ-mediated repair of these DSBs. Here, using HyperCyt automated flow cytometry, we develop a robust high-throughput screening (HTS) assay for NHEJ that utilizes engineered pre-B-cell lines where the V(D)J recombination reaction can be induced and monitored at a single-cell level. This approach, novel in processing four 384-well plates at a time in parallel, was used to screen the National Cancer Institute NeXT library to identify compounds that inhibit V(D)J recombination and NHEJ. Assessment of cell light scattering characteristics at the primary HTS stage (83,536 compounds) enabled elimination of 60% of apparent hits as false positives. Although all the active compounds that we identified had an inhibitory effect on RAG cleavage, we have established this as an approach that could identify compounds that inhibit RAG cleavage or NHEJ using new chemical libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Bredemeyer
- 1 Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bruce S Edwards
- 2 University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center and Cancer Research and Treatment Center, Department of Pathology, Cytometry, New Mexico Molecular Libraries Screening Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Mark K Haynes
- 2 University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center and Cancer Research and Treatment Center, Department of Pathology, Cytometry, New Mexico Molecular Libraries Screening Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Abigail J Morales
- 3 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yinan Wang
- 3 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Oleg Ursu
- 2 University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center and Cancer Research and Treatment Center, Department of Pathology, Cytometry, New Mexico Molecular Libraries Screening Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Anna Waller
- 2 University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center and Cancer Research and Treatment Center, Department of Pathology, Cytometry, New Mexico Molecular Libraries Screening Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Larry A Sklar
- 2 University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center and Cancer Research and Treatment Center, Department of Pathology, Cytometry, New Mexico Molecular Libraries Screening Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Barry P Sleckman
- 3 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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94
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Dihydrocoumarin, an HDAC Inhibitor, Increases DNA Damage Sensitivity by Inhibiting Rad52. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122655. [PMID: 29215575 PMCID: PMC5751257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective DNA repair enables cancer cells to survive DNA damage induced by chemotherapeutic or radiotherapeutic treatments. Therefore, inhibiting DNA repair pathways is a promising therapeutic strategy for increasing the efficacy of such treatments. In this study, we found that dihydrocoumarin (DHC), a flavoring agent, causes deficiencies in double-stand break (DSB) repair and prolonged DNA damage checkpoint recovery in yeast. Following DNA damage, Rad52 recombinase was revealed to be inhibited by DHC, which results in deficiencies in DSB repair and prolonged DNA damage checkpoint recovery. The deletion of RPD3, a class I histone deacetylase (HDAC), was found to mimic DHC-induced suppression of Rad52 expression, suggesting that the HDAC inhibitor activity of DHC is critical to DSB repair and DNA damage sensitivity. Overall, our findings delineate the regulatory mechanisms of DHC in DSB repair and suggest that it might potentially be used as an inhibitor of the DNA repair pathway in human cells.
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95
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Schwenk M. Chemical warfare agents. Classes and targets. Toxicol Lett 2017; 293:253-263. [PMID: 29197625 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic toxic chemicals (toxicants) and biological poisons (toxins) have been developed as chemical warfare agents in the last century. At the time of their initial consideration as chemical weapon, only restricted knowledge existed about their mechanisms of action. There exist two different types of acute toxic action: nonspecific cytotoxic mechanisms with multiple chemo-biological interactions versus specific mechanisms that tend to have just a single or a few target biomolecules. TRPV1- and TRPA-receptors are often involved as chemosensors that induce neurogenic inflammation. The present work briefly surveys classes and toxicologically relevant features of chemical warfare agents and describes mechanisms of toxic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schwenk
- Formerly: Medical School Hannover. Present address: In den Kreuzäckern 16/1, 72072 Tübingen, Germany.
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96
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Kalsbeek D, Golsteyn RM. G2/M-Phase Checkpoint Adaptation and Micronuclei Formation as Mechanisms That Contribute to Genomic Instability in Human Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2344. [PMID: 29113112 PMCID: PMC5713313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most common characteristics of cancer cells is genomic instability. Recent research has revealed that G2/M-phase checkpoint adaptation-entering mitosis with damaged DNA-contributes to genomic changes in experimental models. When cancer cells are treated with pharmacological concentrations of genotoxic agents, they undergo checkpoint adaptation; however, a small number of cells are able to survive and accumulate micronuclei. These micronuclei harbour damaged DNA, and are able to replicate and reincorporate their DNA into the main nucleus. Micronuclei are susceptible to chromothripsis, which is a phenomenon characterised by extensively rearranged chromosomes that reassemble from pulverized chromosomes in one cellular event. These processes contribute to genomic instability in cancer cells that survive a genotoxic anti-cancer treatment. This review provides insight into checkpoint adaptation and its connection to micronuclei and possibly chromothripsis. Knowledge about these mechanisms is needed to improve the poor cancer treatment outcomes that result from genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danî Kalsbeek
- Cancer Cell Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.
| | - Roy M Golsteyn
- Cancer Cell Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.
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97
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Reh WA, Nairn RS, Lowery MP, Vasquez KM. The homologous recombination protein RAD51D protects the genome from large deletions. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:1835-1847. [PMID: 27924006 PMCID: PMC5389663 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) is a DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathway that protects the genome from chromosomal instability. RAD51 mediator proteins (i.e. paralogs) are critical for efficient HR in mammalian cells. However, how HR-deficient cells process DSBs is not clear. Here, we utilized a loss-of-function HR-reporter substrate to simultaneously monitor HR-mediated gene conversion and non-conservative mutation events. The assay is designed around a heteroallelic duplication of the Aprt gene at its endogenous locus in isogenic Chinese hamster ovary cell lines. We found that RAD51D-deficient cells had a reduced capacity for HR-mediated gene conversion both spontaneously and in response to I-SceI-induced DSBs. Further, RAD51D-deficiency shifted DSB repair toward highly deleterious single-strand annealing (SSA) and end-joining processes that led to the loss of large chromosomal segments surrounding site-specific DSBs at an exceptionally high frequency. Deletions in the proximity of the break were due to a non-homologous end-joining pathway, while larger deletions were processed via a SSA pathway. Overall, our data revealed that, in addition to leading to chromosomal abnormalities, RAD51D-deficiency resulted in a high frequency of deletions advancing our understanding of how a RAD51 paralog is involved in maintaining genomic stability and how its deficiency may predispose cells to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wade A Reh
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Rodney S Nairn
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Megan P Lowery
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Karen M Vasquez
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Austin, TX 78723, USA
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98
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Sail V, Rizzo AA, Chatterjee N, Dash RC, Ozen Z, Walker GC, Korzhnev DM, Hadden MK. Identification of Small Molecule Translesion Synthesis Inhibitors That Target the Rev1-CT/RIR Protein-Protein Interaction. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:1903-1912. [PMID: 28541665 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b01144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Translesion synthesis (TLS) is an important mechanism through which proliferating cells tolerate DNA damage during replication. The mutagenic Rev1/Polζ-dependent branch of TLS helps cancer cells survive first-line genotoxic chemotherapy and introduces mutations that can contribute to the acquired resistance so often observed with standard anticancer regimens. As such, inhibition of Rev1/Polζ-dependent TLS has recently emerged as a strategy to enhance the efficacy of first-line chemotherapy and reduce the acquisition of chemoresistance by decreasing tumor mutation rate. The TLS DNA polymerase Rev1 serves as an integral scaffolding protein that mediates the assembly of the active multiprotein TLS complexes. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between the C-terminal domain of Rev1 (Rev1-CT) and the Rev1-interacting region (RIR) of other TLS DNA polymerases play an essential role in regulating TLS activity. To probe whether disrupting the Rev1-CT/RIR PPI is a valid approach for developing a new class of targeted anticancer agents, we designed a fluorescence polarization-based assay that was utilized in a pilot screen for small molecule inhibitors of this PPI. Two small molecule scaffolds that disrupt this interaction were identified, and secondary validation assays confirmed that compound 5 binds to Rev1-CT at the RIR interface. Finally, survival and mutagenesis assays in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells treated with cisplatin and ultraviolet light indicate that these compounds inhibit mutagenic Rev1/Polζ-dependent TLS in cells, validating the Rev1-CT/RIR PPI for future anticancer drug discovery and identifying the first small molecule inhibitors of TLS that target Rev1-CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibhavari Sail
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 North
Eagleville Road, Unit 3092, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Alessandro A. Rizzo
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
| | - Nimrat Chatterjee
- Department
of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Radha C. Dash
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 North
Eagleville Road, Unit 3092, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Zuleyha Ozen
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 North
Eagleville Road, Unit 3092, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Graham C. Walker
- Department
of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dmitry M. Korzhnev
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
| | - M. Kyle Hadden
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 North
Eagleville Road, Unit 3092, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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99
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Hsu CY, Lin MS, Su YJ, Cheng TT, Lin YS, Chen YC, Chiu WC, Chen TH. Cumulative immunosuppressant exposure is associated with diversified cancer risk among 14 832 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a nested case-control study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017; 56:620-628. [PMID: 28039419 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Immunosuppressive therapy is necessary to alter the natural course of SLE. However, immunosuppressant-related cancer risk is a major concern. The aim of this study was to determine whether immunosuppressant use is associated with cancer risk in SLE. Methods We designed a retrospective nested case-control study within an SLE population based on the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. We screened 14 842 patients with SLE from 2001 to 2013 and compared patients with SLE complicated by later cancer with patients with SLE but without cancer. The cumulative dose of immunosuppressants was calculated from the SLE diagnosis date to the occurrence of cancer. The immunosuppressants of interest were AZA, CYC, MTX, HCQ and systemic glucocorticoids. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for cancer were calculated in conditional Cox regression models after propensity score matching. Results The top five types of cancers were breast (16.9%), haematological (11.7%), colorectal (11.0%), lung (10.6%) and hepatobiliary (10.4%) cancers. After matching, this study included 330 cancer patients and 1320 matched cancer-free patients. The adjusted analyses showed an association of a higher cumulative CYC dose (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.13) and lower HCQ dose (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.90, 0.97) with cancer risk in comparison with the controls. Conclusion Diverse cancer risks are associated with different immunosuppressants in patients with SLE. CYC increases the risk of cancer, and HCQ decreases this risk in SLE patients, both in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yuan Hsu
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung
| | - Ming-Shyan Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Yunlin
| | - Yu-Jih Su
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung
| | - Tien-Tsai Cheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung
| | - Yu-Sheng Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan County
| | - Ying-Chou Chen
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung
| | - Wen-Chan Chiu
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung
| | - Tien-Hsing Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Keelung, Taiwan
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Peitzsch C, Tyutyunnykova A, Pantel K, Dubrovska A. Cancer stem cells: The root of tumor recurrence and metastases. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 44:10-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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