51
|
Prada M, Saraiva M, Garrido MV, Sério A, Teixeira A, Lopes D, Silva DA, Rodrigues DL. Perceived Associations between Excessive Sugar Intake and Health Conditions. Nutrients 2022; 14:640. [PMID: 35276998 PMCID: PMC8839066 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive sugar intake represents an increased risk of developing non-communicable diseases (e.g., obesity, cardiometabolic diseases, and dental diseases). Still, it is unclear whether people are aware of these adverse health outcomes. The current study systematically examined the extent to which people associate health conditions with excessive sugar intake. Participants (N = 1010 Portuguese volunteers) freely reported all health conditions they associated with excessive sugar consumption and rated the strength of these associations for eight specific health conditions. All participants reported health conditions associated with excessive sugar intake, with the most frequent being risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases (e.g., diabetes), cardiovascular diseases, oral problems, oncological and mental health conditions. Moreover, participants considered diabetes, overweight/obesity, and oral problems as being the conditions most related to excessive sugar intake. Women, participants with children in the household, and experts in health/nutrition rated excessive sugar intake as being more strongly linked to some of the health conditions. The identification of the health conditions that people associate with excessive sugar consumption may inform policymakers, educators, and health professionals and support interventions targeting the general public or specific groups (e.g., overweight people) in raising awareness of potential adverse health outcomes and, ultimately, contribute to reducing sugar intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marília Prada
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS_Iscte, Av. das Forças Armadas, Office AA110, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.S.); (M.V.G.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (D.L.); (D.L.R.)
| | - Magda Saraiva
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS_Iscte, Av. das Forças Armadas, Office AA110, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.S.); (M.V.G.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (D.L.); (D.L.R.)
| | - Margarida V. Garrido
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS_Iscte, Av. das Forças Armadas, Office AA110, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.S.); (M.V.G.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (D.L.); (D.L.R.)
| | - Ana Sério
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS_Iscte, Av. das Forças Armadas, Office AA110, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.S.); (M.V.G.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (D.L.); (D.L.R.)
| | - Ana Teixeira
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS_Iscte, Av. das Forças Armadas, Office AA110, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.S.); (M.V.G.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (D.L.); (D.L.R.)
| | - Diniz Lopes
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS_Iscte, Av. das Forças Armadas, Office AA110, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.S.); (M.V.G.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (D.L.); (D.L.R.)
| | - Diana A. Silva
- Departamento Médico do Clube de Futebol “Os Belenenses”, 1449-015 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - David L. Rodrigues
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIS_Iscte, Av. das Forças Armadas, Office AA110, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.S.); (M.V.G.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (D.L.); (D.L.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Mumena WA. Maternal Knowledge, Attitude and Practices toward Free Sugar and the Associations with Free Sugar Intake in Children. Nutrients 2021; 13:4403. [PMID: 34959955 PMCID: PMC8706702 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Research addressing factors related to free sugar (FS) consumption among children in Saudi Arabia is lacking. We aimed to evaluate maternal knowledge, attitude, and practices toward FS and the associations with children's intake of FS. This cross-sectional study included 424 Saudi children aged 6-12 years and their mothers. Data related to maternal knowledge, attitude, and practices were collected using an online survey. Data concerning children's habitual intake of FS were collected through phone interviews using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Limited knowledge on FS was observed among mothers of children [median 7.00 [interquartile range 6.00-8.00] out of 11.0. Maternal knowledge was not correlated with maternal attitude or practices toward FS. Maternal knowledge towards FS did not predict children's intake of FS, whereas maternal attitude and practices toward limiting the consumption of FS predicted lower intake of FS among Saudi children, particularly the FS consumed from solid food sources (B: -5.73 [95% confidence interval (CI): -9.79 to -1.66]) and (B: -6.85 [95% CI: -11.9 to -1.80]), respectively. Despite the limited knowledge pertaining to FS among mothers in Saudi Arabia, they were making efforts to limit their children's consumption of FS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Abdullah Mumena
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, P.O. Box 344, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Mumena WA. Consumption of Free Sugar Predicts Nutrient Intake of Saudi Children. Front Nutr 2021; 8:782853. [PMID: 34869544 PMCID: PMC8634584 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.782853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Data concerning the association between free sugar intake and nutrient intake in children in the Middle East are not available. This study aimed to explore the association between the consumption of free sugar and nutrient intake among Saudi children. A cross-sectional study included 424 Saudi children ages between 6 and 12 years old and their mothers. An online survey collected sociodemographic data from mothers. Trained data collector personal contacted mothers to arrange for a phone interview in order to collect 24-h dietary recall to assess the dietary intake of children. Only 0.90% of children consumed free sugar within the recent recommendation of the World Health Organization (WHO) of <5% of total energy intake, whereas 10.6% of children consumed free sugar <10% of total energy intake. The percentage of free sugar intake was negatively associated with total energy intake. Multiple linear regression analysis of free sugar consumption and nutrient intake adjusted for children's age and sex indicated that a higher percentage of free sugar intake significantly predicted lower intake of saturated fat, fiber, sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, zinc, and vitamin B12. Excessive intake of free sugar predicted a lower intake of many essential nutrients. Interventions that aim to reduce the intake of free sugar are urgently needed in order to improve diet of growing children. Future research to explore top food sources of free sugar is needed to establish effective interventions that aim to limit free sugar intake among children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Abdullah Mumena
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Wohlers K, Wirtz A, Reiter A, Oldiges M, Baumgart M, Bott M. Metabolic engineering of Pseudomonas putida for production of the natural sweetener 5-ketofructose from fructose or sucrose by periplasmic oxidation with a heterologous fructose dehydrogenase. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:2592-2604. [PMID: 34437751 PMCID: PMC8601194 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Ketofructose (5-KF) is a promising low-calorie natural sweetener with the potential to reduce health problems caused by excessive sugar consumption. It is formed by periplasmic oxidation of fructose by fructose dehydrogenase (Fdh) of Gluconobacter japonicus, a membrane-bound three-subunit enzyme containing FAD and three haemes c as prosthetic groups. This study aimed at establishing Pseudomonas putida KT2440 as a new cell factory for 5-KF production, as this host offers a number of advantages compared with the established host Gluconobacter oxydans. Genomic expression of the fdhSCL genes from G. japonicus enabled synthesis of functional Fdh in P. putida and successful oxidation of fructose to 5-KF. In a batch fermentation, 129 g l-1 5-KF were formed from 150 g l-1 fructose within 23 h, corresponding to a space-time yield of 5.6 g l-1 h-1 . Besides fructose, also sucrose could be used as substrate for 5-KF production by plasmid-based expression of the invertase gene inv1417 from G. japonicus. In a bioreactor cultivation with pulsed sucrose feeding, 144 g 5-KF were produced from 358 g sucrose within 48 h. These results demonstrate that P. putida is an attractive host for 5-KF production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Wohlers
- IBG‐1: BiotechnologyInstitute of Bio‐ and GeosciencesForschungszentrum JülichJülich52425Germany
| | - Astrid Wirtz
- IBG‐1: BiotechnologyInstitute of Bio‐ and GeosciencesForschungszentrum JülichJülich52425Germany
| | - Alexander Reiter
- IBG‐1: BiotechnologyInstitute of Bio‐ and GeosciencesForschungszentrum JülichJülich52425Germany
- Institute of BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen52062Germany
| | - Marco Oldiges
- IBG‐1: BiotechnologyInstitute of Bio‐ and GeosciencesForschungszentrum JülichJülich52425Germany
- Institute of BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen52062Germany
| | - Meike Baumgart
- IBG‐1: BiotechnologyInstitute of Bio‐ and GeosciencesForschungszentrum JülichJülich52425Germany
| | - Michael Bott
- IBG‐1: BiotechnologyInstitute of Bio‐ and GeosciencesForschungszentrum JülichJülich52425Germany
- The Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC)Forschungszentrum JülichJülichD‐52425Germany
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
A pilot feasibility study investigating the impact of increasing sucrose intakes on body composition and blood pressure. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e60. [PMID: 34422262 PMCID: PMC8358843 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and intervention studies have reported negative health effects of sucrose intake, but many of these studies were not representative of typical dietary habits. In this pilot study, we aimed to test the effect of increasing sucrose intakes for 1 week on body composition and blood pressure and explore the feasibility of consuming high intakes of sucrose in addition to a habitual diet. In a randomised crossover design study, twelve healthy participants (50 % female, age 28⋅4 ± 10 years, BMI 25 ± 3 kg/m2), consumed either 40, 80 or 120 g sucrose in 500 ml water in addition to their habitual diet every day for 1 week, with a 1-week washout between treatment periods. Body composition (assessed using bioelectrical impedance) and blood pressure measurements were taken before and after each intervention phase. All participants reported no issues with consuming the sucrose dose for the intervention period. There was a significant increase in systolic blood pressure following 120 g sucrose intake (P = 0⋅006), however there was no significant changes to blood pressure, body weight, BMI, percentage protein, fat or water (P > 0⋅05) when comparing change from baseline values. There was also no effect of sucrose intakes on energy or macronutrient intakes during the intervention (P > 0⋅05). We show here that varying doses of sucrose over a 1-week period have no effect on body composition or blood pressure. The amounts of sucrose used were an acceptable addition to the habitual diet and demonstrate the feasibility of larger-scale studies of chronic sucrose supplementation.
Collapse
|
56
|
Martinez-Perez C, San-Cristobal R, Guallar-Castillon P, Martínez-González MÁ, Salas-Salvadó J, Corella D, Castañer O, Martinez JA, Alonso-Gómez ÁM, Wärnberg J, Vioque J, Romaguera D, López-Miranda J, Estruch R, Tinahones FJ, Lapetra J, Serra-Majem L, Bueno-Cavanillas A, Tur JA, Sánchez VM, Pintó X, Gaforio JJ, Matía-Martín P, Vidal J, Vázquez C, Ros E, Bes-Rastrollo M, Babio N, Sorlí JV, Lassale C, Pérez-Sanz B, Vaquero-Luna J, Bazán MJA, Barceló-Iglesias MC, Konieczna J, Ríos AG, Bernal-López MR, Santos-Lozano JM, Toledo E, Becerra-Tomás N, Portoles O, Zomeño MD, Abete I, Moreno-Rodriguez A, Lecea-Juarez O, Nishi SK, Muñoz-Martínez J, Ordovás JM, Daimiel L. Use of Different Food Classification Systems to Assess the Association between Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Cardiometabolic Health in an Elderly Population with Metabolic Syndrome (PREDIMED-Plus Cohort). Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072471. [PMID: 34371982 PMCID: PMC8308804 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between ultra-processed food (UPF) and risk of cardiometabolic disorders is an ongoing concern. Different food processing-based classification systems have originated discrepancies in the conclusions among studies. To test whether the association between UPF consumption and cardiometabolic markers changes with the classification system, we used baseline data from 5636 participants (48.5% female and 51.5% male, mean age 65.1 ± 4.9) of the PREDIMED-Plus (“PREvention with MEDiterranean DIet”) trial. Subjects presented with overweight or obesity and met at least three metabolic syndrome (MetS) criteria. Food consumption was classified using a 143-item food frequency questionnaire according to four food processing-based classifications: NOVA, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), International Food Information Council (IFIC) and University of North Carolina (UNC). Mean changes in nutritional and cardiometabolic markers were assessed according to quintiles of UPF consumption for each system. The association between UPF consumption and cardiometabolic markers was assessed using linear regression analysis. The concordance of the different classifications was assessed with intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC3, overall = 0.51). The highest UPF consumption was obtained with the IARC classification (45.9%) and the lowest with NOVA (7.9%). Subjects with high UPF consumption showed a poor dietary profile. We detected a direct association between UPF consumption and BMI (p = 0.001) when using the NOVA system, and with systolic (p = 0.018) and diastolic (p = 0.042) blood pressure when using the UNC system. Food classification methodologies markedly influenced the association between UPF consumption and cardiometabolic risk markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celia Martinez-Perez
- Nutritional Genomics and Epigenomics Group, Precision Nutrition and Obesity Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-P.); (J.M.O.); (L.D.)
| | - Rodrigo San-Cristobal
- Cardiometabolic Nutrition Group, Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-917-278-100 (ext. 309)
| | - Pilar Guallar-Castillon
- Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology Group, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid—IdiPaz Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.V.); (A.B.-C.); (V.M.S.); (J.J.G.)
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (M.B.-R.); (N.B.); (J.V.S.); (C.L.); (J.V.-L.); (J.K.); (A.G.R.); (J.M.S.-L.); (E.T.); (N.B.-T.); (O.P.); (I.A.); (A.M.-R.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, 31009 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (M.B.-R.); (N.B.); (J.V.S.); (C.L.); (J.V.-L.); (J.K.); (A.G.R.); (J.M.S.-L.); (E.T.); (N.B.-T.); (O.P.); (I.A.); (A.M.-R.)
- Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain;
- Human Nutrition Unit, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (M.B.-R.); (N.B.); (J.V.S.); (C.L.); (J.V.-L.); (J.K.); (A.G.R.); (J.M.S.-L.); (E.T.); (N.B.-T.); (O.P.); (I.A.); (A.M.-R.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (M.B.-R.); (N.B.); (J.V.S.); (C.L.); (J.V.-L.); (J.K.); (A.G.R.); (J.M.S.-L.); (E.T.); (N.B.-T.); (O.P.); (I.A.); (A.M.-R.)
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (M.D.Z.); (J.M.-M.)
| | - Jose Alfredo Martinez
- Cardiometabolic Nutrition Group, Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (M.B.-R.); (N.B.); (J.V.S.); (C.L.); (J.V.-L.); (J.K.); (A.G.R.); (J.M.S.-L.); (E.T.); (N.B.-T.); (O.P.); (I.A.); (A.M.-R.)
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Ángel M. Alonso-Gómez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (M.B.-R.); (N.B.); (J.V.S.); (C.L.); (J.V.-L.); (J.K.); (A.G.R.); (J.M.S.-L.); (E.T.); (N.B.-T.); (O.P.); (I.A.); (A.M.-R.)
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Julia Wärnberg
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (M.B.-R.); (N.B.); (J.V.S.); (C.L.); (J.V.-L.); (J.K.); (A.G.R.); (J.M.S.-L.); (E.T.); (N.B.-T.); (O.P.); (I.A.); (A.M.-R.)
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29016 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Jesús Vioque
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.V.); (A.B.-C.); (V.M.S.); (J.J.G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL-UMH), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (M.B.-R.); (N.B.); (J.V.S.); (C.L.); (J.V.-L.); (J.K.); (A.G.R.); (J.M.S.-L.); (E.T.); (N.B.-T.); (O.P.); (I.A.); (A.M.-R.)
- Research Group on Nutritional Epidemiology & Cardiovascular Physiopathology (NUTRECOR), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University Hospital Son Espases (HUSE), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José López-Miranda
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (M.B.-R.); (N.B.); (J.V.S.); (C.L.); (J.V.-L.); (J.K.); (A.G.R.); (J.M.S.-L.); (E.T.); (N.B.-T.); (O.P.); (I.A.); (A.M.-R.)
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (M.B.-R.); (N.B.); (J.V.S.); (C.L.); (J.V.-L.); (J.K.); (A.G.R.); (J.M.S.-L.); (E.T.); (N.B.-T.); (O.P.); (I.A.); (A.M.-R.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Tinahones
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (M.B.-R.); (N.B.); (J.V.S.); (C.L.); (J.V.-L.); (J.K.); (A.G.R.); (J.M.S.-L.); (E.T.); (N.B.-T.); (O.P.); (I.A.); (A.M.-R.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, University of Málaga, 29016 Málaga, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (M.B.-R.); (N.B.); (J.V.S.); (C.L.); (J.V.-L.); (J.K.); (A.G.R.); (J.M.S.-L.); (E.T.); (N.B.-T.); (O.P.); (I.A.); (A.M.-R.)
- Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (M.B.-R.); (N.B.); (J.V.S.); (C.L.); (J.V.-L.); (J.K.); (A.G.R.); (J.M.S.-L.); (E.T.); (N.B.-T.); (O.P.); (I.A.); (A.M.-R.)
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and Service of Preventive Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Canary Health Service, 35001 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.V.); (A.B.-C.); (V.M.S.); (J.J.G.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (M.B.-R.); (N.B.); (J.V.S.); (C.L.); (J.V.-L.); (J.K.); (A.G.R.); (J.M.S.-L.); (E.T.); (N.B.-T.); (O.P.); (I.A.); (A.M.-R.)
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS & IDISBA, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Vicente Martín Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.V.); (A.B.-C.); (V.M.S.); (J.J.G.)
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (M.B.-R.); (N.B.); (J.V.S.); (C.L.); (J.V.-L.); (J.K.); (A.G.R.); (J.M.S.-L.); (E.T.); (N.B.-T.); (O.P.); (I.A.); (A.M.-R.)
- Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José J. Gaforio
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.V.); (A.B.-C.); (V.M.S.); (J.J.G.)
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Olivar y Aceites de Oliva, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Pilar Matía-Martín
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Josep Vidal
- Biomedical Research Centre for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Network (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clotilde Vázquez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (M.B.-R.); (N.B.); (J.V.S.); (C.L.); (J.V.-L.); (J.K.); (A.G.R.); (J.M.S.-L.); (E.T.); (N.B.-T.); (O.P.); (I.A.); (A.M.-R.)
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas IISFJD, University Autónoma, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (M.B.-R.); (N.B.); (J.V.S.); (C.L.); (J.V.-L.); (J.K.); (A.G.R.); (J.M.S.-L.); (E.T.); (N.B.-T.); (O.P.); (I.A.); (A.M.-R.)
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maira Bes-Rastrollo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (M.B.-R.); (N.B.); (J.V.S.); (C.L.); (J.V.-L.); (J.K.); (A.G.R.); (J.M.S.-L.); (E.T.); (N.B.-T.); (O.P.); (I.A.); (A.M.-R.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, 31009 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nancy Babio
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (M.B.-R.); (N.B.); (J.V.S.); (C.L.); (J.V.-L.); (J.K.); (A.G.R.); (J.M.S.-L.); (E.T.); (N.B.-T.); (O.P.); (I.A.); (A.M.-R.)
- Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain;
- Human Nutrition Unit, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Jose V. Sorlí
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (M.B.-R.); (N.B.); (J.V.S.); (C.L.); (J.V.-L.); (J.K.); (A.G.R.); (J.M.S.-L.); (E.T.); (N.B.-T.); (O.P.); (I.A.); (A.M.-R.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Camille Lassale
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (M.B.-R.); (N.B.); (J.V.S.); (C.L.); (J.V.-L.); (J.K.); (A.G.R.); (J.M.S.-L.); (E.T.); (N.B.-T.); (O.P.); (I.A.); (A.M.-R.)
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (M.D.Z.); (J.M.-M.)
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Sanz
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Jessica Vaquero-Luna
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (M.B.-R.); (N.B.); (J.V.S.); (C.L.); (J.V.-L.); (J.K.); (A.G.R.); (J.M.S.-L.); (E.T.); (N.B.-T.); (O.P.); (I.A.); (A.M.-R.)
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - María Julia Ajejas Bazán
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29016 Málaga, Spain;
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jadwiga Konieczna
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (M.B.-R.); (N.B.); (J.V.S.); (C.L.); (J.V.-L.); (J.K.); (A.G.R.); (J.M.S.-L.); (E.T.); (N.B.-T.); (O.P.); (I.A.); (A.M.-R.)
- Research Group on Nutritional Epidemiology & Cardiovascular Physiopathology (NUTRECOR), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University Hospital Son Espases (HUSE), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonio García Ríos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (M.B.-R.); (N.B.); (J.V.S.); (C.L.); (J.V.-L.); (J.K.); (A.G.R.); (J.M.S.-L.); (E.T.); (N.B.-T.); (O.P.); (I.A.); (A.M.-R.)
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Rosa Bernal-López
- Internal Medicine Department, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Regional University Hospital of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain;
| | - José Manuel Santos-Lozano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (M.B.-R.); (N.B.); (J.V.S.); (C.L.); (J.V.-L.); (J.K.); (A.G.R.); (J.M.S.-L.); (E.T.); (N.B.-T.); (O.P.); (I.A.); (A.M.-R.)
- Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (M.B.-R.); (N.B.); (J.V.S.); (C.L.); (J.V.-L.); (J.K.); (A.G.R.); (J.M.S.-L.); (E.T.); (N.B.-T.); (O.P.); (I.A.); (A.M.-R.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, 31009 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nerea Becerra-Tomás
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (M.B.-R.); (N.B.); (J.V.S.); (C.L.); (J.V.-L.); (J.K.); (A.G.R.); (J.M.S.-L.); (E.T.); (N.B.-T.); (O.P.); (I.A.); (A.M.-R.)
- Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain;
- Human Nutrition Unit, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Olga Portoles
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (M.B.-R.); (N.B.); (J.V.S.); (C.L.); (J.V.-L.); (J.K.); (A.G.R.); (J.M.S.-L.); (E.T.); (N.B.-T.); (O.P.); (I.A.); (A.M.-R.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Dolores Zomeño
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (M.D.Z.); (J.M.-M.)
- School of Health Sciences, Blanquerna-Ramon Llull University, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Itziar Abete
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (M.B.-R.); (N.B.); (J.V.S.); (C.L.); (J.V.-L.); (J.K.); (A.G.R.); (J.M.S.-L.); (E.T.); (N.B.-T.); (O.P.); (I.A.); (A.M.-R.)
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Anai Moreno-Rodriguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.M.-G.); (J.S.-S.); (D.C.); (O.C.); (Á.M.A.-G.); (J.W.); (D.R.); (J.L.-M.); (R.E.); (F.J.T.); (J.L.); (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (X.P.); (C.V.); (E.R.); (M.B.-R.); (N.B.); (J.V.S.); (C.L.); (J.V.-L.); (J.K.); (A.G.R.); (J.M.S.-L.); (E.T.); (N.B.-T.); (O.P.); (I.A.); (A.M.-R.)
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Oscar Lecea-Juarez
- Atención Primaria, Osasunbidea, Servicio Navarro de Salud, 31003 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Stephanie K. Nishi
- Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain;
| | - Júlia Muñoz-Martínez
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (M.D.Z.); (J.M.-M.)
| | - José M. Ordovás
- Nutritional Genomics and Epigenomics Group, Precision Nutrition and Obesity Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-P.); (J.M.O.); (L.D.)
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM_USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA
| | - Lidia Daimiel
- Nutritional Genomics and Epigenomics Group, Precision Nutrition and Obesity Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-P.); (J.M.O.); (L.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Lee CY, Oh JH, Chung JO, Rha CS, Park MY, Hong YD, Kim WK, Shim SM. Effect of whole green tea products including catechins, polysaccharides, and flavonols on the metabolism of added sugars. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.100936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
58
|
Alkhalidy H, Orabi A, Alzboun T, Alnaser K, Al-Shami I, Al-Bayyari N. Health-Risk Behaviors and Dietary Patterns Among Jordanian College Students: A Pilot Study. Front Nutr 2021; 8:632035. [PMID: 34055850 PMCID: PMC8160432 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.632035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: Health promotion and the incorporation of health-protective behaviors in people's lifestyles have a great role in enhancing individuals' overall health and well-being. College students are at increased risk of developing unhealthy dietary and lifestyle behaviors. A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted to assess the health-risk behaviors among undergraduate college students at Jordan University of Science and Technology. Methods: The final sample included 136 students, with a mean age of 21.1 ± 2.37 years, mostly females (69%). A self-reported questionnaire was used for data collection about dietary and lifestyle behaviors among college students. The questionnaire consisted of four parts: sociodemographic characteristics, body weight classifications, lifestyle behaviors, and dietary patterns and intake, and eating behaviors. Results: Most of the students did not meet the daily recommendations for fruit (76%) and vegetable (82%) intake. Males were significantly consuming fast food more frequently (p = 0.019), and smoked cigarettes (p < 0.001) or hookah (p = 0.015) more frequently than did females. Further, the majority met the recommendations for physical activity (81%), but exceeded recommendations for sedentary behavior. Females were more likely to have normal weight or be underweight (OR = 4.865), to have a fear of weight gain (OR = 3.387), and to have the recommended sleeping hours (OR = 7.685) than were males. Conclusion: The results indicate the health-risk behaviors and the gender-related differences among college students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Alkhalidy
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Aliaa Orabi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Tamara Alzboun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Khadeejah Alnaser
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Islam Al-Shami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Nahla Al-Bayyari
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Al-Huson University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Qi X, Tester R. Is sugar extracted from plants less healthy than sugar consumed within plant tissues? The sugar anomaly. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:2194-2200. [PMID: 33140445 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There are dilemmas in the minds of consumers with respect to sugar consumption - they would like to consume sugars for sweetness, but in a healthy (and perhaps guilt free!) way. In a sense, consumers believe that if sugar does not appear as an ingredient on the product label, but is intrinsic in the food (and will appear as a nutrient), it is 'good'. As an ingredient, however, it is viewed as a 'bad chemical' associated with tooth decay and obesity. The reality is that unless processing induced modifications have occurred, the sugar molecule within a plant tissue is the same molecule structure as present in purified sugar. The same calorific value. However, there is an argument that humans eat too refined food and that if sugars were eaten in their natural context (e.g. within a fruit), their presence and concentration would be in harmony (where different nutrients complement and balance the sugar concentration) with the human body. This reflects the process of eating, satiety, presence of other nutrients (including water) and the associated impact of the indigestible components of plant foods on the transit/nutrient bioavailability control and thus benefits through the gut. The authors explore these issues in this article and seek to provide a scientific basis to different sides of the argument - sugar is good or bad depending on how (in which format and how much/how concentrated) it is consumed. More importantly perhaps, how should sugar consumption - an important nutrient - be managed to optimize the benefits but reduce the disadvantages? © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qi
- Glycologic Limited, Glasgow, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
60
|
Bergeron A, Labonté MÈ, Brassard D, Laramée C, Robitaille J, Desroches S, Provencher V, Couillard C, Vohl MC, Bélanger M, Lamarche B, Lemieux S. Associations of Intake of Free and Naturally Occurring Sugars from Solid Foods and Drinks with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in a Quebec Adult Population: The PREDISE (PRÉDicteurs Individuels, Sociaux et Environnementaux) Study. J Nutr 2021; 151:1561-1571. [PMID: 33758943 PMCID: PMC8243855 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between sugar consumption and cardiometabolic health, taking into account the physical form of sugar-containing foods (liquid vs. solid) and the type of sugars consumed [free sugars (FSs) vs. naturally occurring sugars (NOSs)], remain to be thoroughly documented. OBJECTIVE The objective was to examine whether FS and NOS intakes from drinks and solid foods are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in a sample of French-speaking adults from the province of Quebec, Canada. METHODS Data were collected as part of the cross-sectional PREDISE (PRÉDicteurs Individuels, Sociaux et Environnementaux) study (n = 1019, 18-65 y old; 50% women). FS and NOS intakes were assessed by three 24-h dietary recalls using a self-administered, web-based application. Diet quality was assessed using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010. Participants underwent on-site clinical assessment of cardiometabolic risk factors, including blood pressure, waist circumference, BMI, and fasting blood sampling (glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein, blood lipids). Multivariable linear regression models were performed to examine the associations between sugar intake and cardiometabolic risk factors with sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle variables, and diet quality entered as covariates. RESULTS In fully adjusted models, FS intake from drinks was associated with fasting insulin (1.06%; 95% CI: 0.30%, 1.84%; P = 0.006) and with insulin resistance as estimated using the HOMA model (1.01%; 95% CI: 0.19%, 1.84%; P = 0.02). All metabolic variables that were significantly associated with NOS intake from solid foods in minimally adjusted models were no longer significant after entering sociodemographic and lifestyle variables (e.g., educational and income levels, smoking, physical activity, daily energy intake) and diet quality in the models. CONCLUSIONS Our data from an adult sample showed that unfavorable and favorable associations with cardiometabolic risk factors observed, respectively, for FS intake from drinks and NOS intake from foods are mostly explained by sociodemographic and lifestyle variables, as well as by diet quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Bergeron
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société
(NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods,
Université Laval, Quebec, Canada,School of Nutrition, Université Laval,
Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Labonté
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société
(NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods,
Université Laval, Quebec, Canada,School of Nutrition, Université Laval,
Quebec, Canada
| | - Didier Brassard
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société
(NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods,
Université Laval, Quebec, Canada,School of Nutrition, Université Laval,
Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine Laramée
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société
(NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods,
Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julie Robitaille
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société
(NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods,
Université Laval, Quebec, Canada,School of Nutrition, Université Laval,
Quebec, Canada
| | - Sophie Desroches
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société
(NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods,
Université Laval, Quebec, Canada,School of Nutrition, Université Laval,
Quebec, Canada
| | - Véronique Provencher
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société
(NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods,
Université Laval, Quebec, Canada,School of Nutrition, Université Laval,
Quebec, Canada
| | - Charles Couillard
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société
(NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods,
Université Laval, Quebec, Canada,School of Nutrition, Université Laval,
Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société
(NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods,
Université Laval, Quebec, Canada,School of Nutrition, Université Laval,
Quebec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Bélanger
- Department of Family Medicine, Université de
Sherbrooke, Moncton, Canada
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société
(NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods,
Université Laval, Quebec, Canada,School of Nutrition, Université Laval,
Quebec, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
61
|
O'Connell ML, Coppinger T, Lacey S, Arsenic T, McCarthy AL. The nutritional status and dietary intake of free-living seniors: A cross-sectional study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 43:478-486. [PMID: 34024558 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Older adults are a population group at risk of inadequate nutrition due to reduced appetite, malabsorption, taste alterations and social factors. Yet, dietary investigations in Irish older adults are scarce. The aim of this study was to analyse the nutritional status and dietary intake of a sample of community-dwelling Irish elderly, in addition to the effect of age and gender on dietary intake in this age group. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed in 162 (n = 91 female, n = 71 male, age 73.8 ± 6.8 years) adults aged 65 years and over in a region of Southern Ireland. Nutritional status was measured using the Mini Nutritional Assessment - Short Form (MNA-SF). Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). RESULTS 21.0% and 1.2% of the study population were at risk of malnutrition and malnourished, respectively. A high prevalence of dietary insufficiencies was observed. The most common insufficiencies reported were energy (54.9%), fibre (82.7%), calcium (58.6%), magnesium (62.3%), iron (54.9%), folate (66.0%), vitamin D (93.2%) and vitamin E (61.1%). Increasing age did not significantly influence nutrient intakes in males, while vitamin C and vitamin D intakes decreased with age in females, and the incidence of dietary folate insufficiency was higher in the oldest females. Gender differences in dietary intake were evident, with a higher prevalence of dietary inadequacy in male subjects. Excessive intake of sugars, snacks and fats was observed, particularly in males, while dairy recommendations were not being met. Dietary supplement use was rare (27.2%). CONCLUSIONS The poor dietary quality of this cohort may have significant health implications. Public health strategies to improve the diets of older adults are warranted, with a particular focus on increasing micronutrient intakes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maeve Lorraine O'Connell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Tara Coppinger
- Department of Sport, Leisure and Childhood Studies, Cork Institute of Technology, Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Seán Lacey
- Department of Mathematics, Cork Institute of Technology, Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Tijana Arsenic
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aoife Louise McCarthy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Kong KL, Burgess B, Morris KS, Faith MS, Paluch RA. High intake of added sugars is linked to rapid weight gain in infancy, breastfeeding ≥12 months may protect against this: A preliminary investigation. Pediatr Obes 2021; 16:e12728. [PMID: 32965090 PMCID: PMC10414972 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of added sugars is linked to excess adiposity in older age groups and breastfeeding has been shown to protect against later obesity. OBJECTIVES This investigation aimed to determine whether intake of added sugars associates with rapid weight gain in individuals under 2 years of age, if intake of added sugars associates with breastfeeding duration, and how both influence body weight. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of data from three 24-hours dietary recalls collected from 141 infants/toddlers (age 11.9 ± 1.9 months, 44.7% male) was performed. Multivariable regressions assessed relationships between added sugar intakes, breastfeeding duration, and weight status. Hierarchical regressions examined added variance accounted for in rapid weight gain (specifically, upward weight-for-age percentile [WFA %tile] crossing) through the interaction of added sugars * breastfeeding duration. RESULTS Added sugars correlated positively with upward WFA %tile crossing (r = 0.280, P < .001) and negatively with breastfeeding duration (r = -0.468, P < .001). Consumption of added sugars was a significant predictor of rapid weight gain when breastfeeding duration was short (<12 months, β = 0.020, P = .029), but not long (≥12 months, β = 0.001, P = .875). CONCLUSIONS A high intake of added sugars in individuals below age 2 associates with rapid weight gain, though breastfeeding ≥12 months appears protective against this. Further studies are necessary to substantiate these findings and provide insight into underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ling Kong
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Brenda Burgess
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Katherine S. Morris
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Myles S. Faith
- Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, Graduate School of Education, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Rocco A. Paluch
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Wulff-Fuentes E, Berendt RR, Massman L, Danner L, Malard F, Vora J, Kahsay R, Olivier-Van Stichelen S. The human O-GlcNAcome database and meta-analysis. Sci Data 2021; 8:25. [PMID: 33479245 PMCID: PMC7820439 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-021-00810-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 35 years, ~1700 articles have characterized protein O-GlcNAcylation. Found in almost all living organisms, this post-translational modification of serine and threonine residues is highly conserved and key to biological processes. With half of the primary research articles using human models, the O-GlcNAcome recently reached a milestone of 5000 human proteins identified. Herein, we provide an extensive inventory of human O-GlcNAcylated proteins, their O-GlcNAc sites, identification methods, and corresponding references ( www.oglcnac.mcw.edu ). In the absence of a comprehensive online resource for O-GlcNAcylated proteins, this list serves as the only database of O-GlcNAcylated proteins. Based on the thorough analysis of the amino acid sequence surrounding 7002 O-GlcNAc sites, we progress toward a more robust semi-consensus sequence for O-GlcNAcylation. Moreover, we offer a comprehensive meta-analysis of human O-GlcNAcylated proteins for protein domains, cellular and tissue distribution, and pathways in health and diseases, reinforcing that O-GlcNAcylation is a master regulator of cell signaling, equal to the widely studied phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rex R Berendt
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Logan Massman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Laura Danner
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Florian Malard
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Jeet Vora
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Robel Kahsay
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
64
|
Martinon P, Fraticelli L, Giboreau A, Dussart C, Bourgeois D, Carrouel F. Nutrition as a Key Modifiable Factor for Periodontitis and Main Chronic Diseases. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10020197. [PMID: 33430519 PMCID: PMC7827391 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is recognized as an essential component in the prevention of a number of chronic diseases, including periodontal disease. Based on these considerations, a better understanding is required regarding how the diet, and more particularly the intake of macronutrients and micronutrients, could impact the potential relationship between nutrition and periodontal diseases, periodontal diseases and chronic diseases, nutrition and chronic diseases. To overcome this complexity, an up-to-date literature review on the nutriments related to periodontal and chronic diseases was performed. High-sugar, high-saturated fat, low-polyols, low-fiber and low-polyunsaturated-fat intake causes an increased risk of periodontal diseases. This pattern of nutrients is classically found in the Western diet, which is considered as an ‘unhealthy’ diet that causes cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancers. Conversely, low-sugar, high-fiber and high-omega-6-to-omega-3 fatty acid ratio intake reduces the risk of periodontal diseases. The Mediterranean, DASH, vegetarian and Okinawa diets that correspond to these nutritional intakes are considered as ‘healthy’ diets, reducing this risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancers. The role of micronutrients, such as vitamin D, E, K and magnesium, remains unclear, while others, such as vitamin A, B, C, calcium, zinc and polyphenols have been shown to prevent PDs. Some evidence suggests that probiotics and prebiotics could promote periodontal health. Periodontal and chronic diseases share, with a time delay, nutrition as a risk factor. Thus, any change in periodontal health should be considered as a warning signal to control the dietary quality of patients and thus reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases later on.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prescilla Martinon
- Laboratory “Systemic Health Care”, University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, EA4129, 69008 Lyon, France; (P.M.); (L.F.); (C.D.); (D.B.)
| | - Laurie Fraticelli
- Laboratory “Systemic Health Care”, University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, EA4129, 69008 Lyon, France; (P.M.); (L.F.); (C.D.); (D.B.)
| | - Agnes Giboreau
- Institute Paul Bocuse Research Center, 69130 Ecully, France;
| | - Claude Dussart
- Laboratory “Systemic Health Care”, University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, EA4129, 69008 Lyon, France; (P.M.); (L.F.); (C.D.); (D.B.)
| | - Denis Bourgeois
- Laboratory “Systemic Health Care”, University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, EA4129, 69008 Lyon, France; (P.M.); (L.F.); (C.D.); (D.B.)
| | - Florence Carrouel
- Laboratory “Systemic Health Care”, University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, EA4129, 69008 Lyon, France; (P.M.); (L.F.); (C.D.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-78-78-57-44
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Santos CD, da Silva JS, Brunetta HS, Chagas TR, Zoccal DB, Nunes EA, Rafacho A. Impact of combined long-term fructose and prednisolone intake on glucose and lipid homeostasis in rats: benefits of intake interruption or fish oil administration. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 90:108572. [PMID: 33388348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether combined long-term fructose and prednisolone intake would be more detrimental to the glucose homeostasis than if ingested separately. We also evaluated whether fish oil administration or interruption of treatments has any positive impact. For this, male adult Wistar rats ingested fructose (20%) (F) or prednisolone (12.5 µg/mL) (P) or both (FP) through drinking water for 12 weeks. A separate group of fructose and prednisolone-treated rats received fish oil treatment (1 g/kg) in the last 6 weeks. In another group, the treatment with fructose and prednisolone was interrupted after 12 weeks, and the animals were followed for more 12 weeks. Control groups ran in parallel (C). The F group had higher plasma TG (+42%) and visceral adiposity (+63%), whereas the P group had lower insulin sensitivity (-33%) and higher insulinemia (+200%). Only the the FP group developed these alterations combined with higher circulating uric acid (+126%), hepatic triacylglycerol content (+16.2-fold), lipid peroxidation (+173%) and lower catalase activity (-32%) that were associated with lower protein kinase B content and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in the liver, lower AMPK phosphorylation in the adipose tissue and higher beta-cell mass. Fish oil ingestion attenuated the elevation in circulating triacylglycerol and uric acid values, while the interruption of sugar and glucocorticoid intake reverted almost all modified parameters. In conclusion, long-term intake of fructose and prednisolone by male rats are more detrimental to glucose and lipid homeostasis than if ingested separately and the benefits of treatment interruption are broader than fish oil treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases - LIDoC, Department of Physiological Sciences, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Multicentre Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Julia Spanhol da Silva
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases - LIDoC, Department of Physiological Sciences, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Multicentre Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Henver Simionato Brunetta
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases - LIDoC, Department of Physiological Sciences, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Multicentre Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Thays Rodrigues Chagas
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases - LIDoC, Department of Physiological Sciences, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Graduate Program in Nutrition, Centre of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daniel Breseghello Zoccal
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Everson Araújo Nunes
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases - LIDoC, Department of Physiological Sciences, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Multicentre Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Graduate Program in Nutrition, Centre of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Alex Rafacho
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases - LIDoC, Department of Physiological Sciences, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Multicentre Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
McGee M, Unger S, Hamilton J, Birken CS, Pausova Z, Kiss A, Bando N, O'Connor DL. Associations between Diet Quality and Body Composition in Young Children Born with Very Low Body Weight. J Nutr 2020; 150:2961-2968. [PMID: 33025010 PMCID: PMC7675023 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Very low birth weight (VLBW; <1500 g) infants have increased adiposity and metabolic disease risk in adulthood. Limited evidence suggests low-quality childhood diets are a predisposing risk factor. Despite this, to our knowledge no study has yet examined associations between diet quality and body composition in VLBW individuals. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine associations between Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) scores and consumption of fruits/vegetables, added sugars, and macronutrients with body composition in 5.5-y-old children born VLBW. We hypothesized HEI-2010 scores were inversely associated with adiposity. METHODS This cohort study leveraged the 5.5-y follow-up to the Donor Milk for Improved Neurodevelopmental Outcomes randomized controlled trial. From June 2016 to July 2018, participants attended a follow-up visit at The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada, or were visited in their home. All 316 surviving infants from the trial were eligible, and the caregivers of 158 children (50%; 53% male) consented to follow-up. Diet quality (HEI-2010) and usual intake of fruits/vegetables, added sugars, and macronutrients were determined from two 24-h dietary recalls (ASA24). Linear regressions evaluated associations of diet with BMI (kg/m2) and waist circumference z-scores, total fat, fat-free mass (air displacement plethysmography), and skinfolds. RESULTS Mean ± SD age at follow-up was 5.7 ± 0.2 y, birth weight was 1013 ± 264 g, and gestational age was 27.9 ± 2.5 wk. Dietary data and BMI z-scores were available for all children; 123 completed air displacement plethysmography. HEI-2010 score was 58.2 ± 12.4 out of 100, and 27% of children had poor quality diets (scores ≤50). HEI-2010 scores were inversely associated with BMI z-score, but only in children with obese mothers. A 10-point increase in HEI-2010 score was associated with reduced BMI (β: -0.5 SD; 95% CI: -0.7, -0.2) and subscapular (-0.3 SD; 95% CI: -0.6, -0.06) z-scores. CONCLUSIONS Improving diet quality in children born VLBW with obese mothers may be an important strategy to prevent excess adiposity. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as Optimizing Mothers' Milk for Preterm Infants (OptiMoM) Program of Research: Study 1-Impact of Donor Milk at Kindergarten, NCT02759809.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan McGee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharon Unger
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neonatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jill Hamilton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine S Birken
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Pediatric Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alex Kiss
- Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Evaluative and Clinical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole Bando
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deborah L O'Connor
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Changes in Non-Nutritive Sweetener Consumption Patterns in Response to a Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Reduction Intervention. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113428. [PMID: 33171645 PMCID: PMC7695198 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Data are lacking on whether non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) can be used as a strategy to support decreases in sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption. The purpose of this secondary analysis of a 6-month SSB-reduction intervention was to explore changes in NNS consumption patterns in Talking Health participants within the SIPsmartER (n = 101) intervention. Additionally, participant characteristics were compared for three SSB-NNS change groups (decrease SSB/increase NNS; decrease SSB/no increase in NNS; increase/no change in SSB/regardless of NNS). There was a significant increase in aspartame and total NNS intake for participants (mean daily mg increases of 37.2 ± 13.9 and 63.7 ± 18.5, respectively). With the exception of sex, no differences in participant characteristics were found between the three SSB-NNS change groups. Furthermore, no significant changes in weight or body mass index (BMI) were demonstrated between SSB-NNS change groups over time. Diet soda was the most commonly consumed source of NNS; however, other dietary sources of NNS also contributed to intake. At 6 months, intake of sucralose and saccharin were primarily from dietary sources other than diet sodas (94% and 100%, respectively). These findings suggest that NNS may be a feasible strategy to help reduce SSB consumption. This study supports the need to consistently quantify and identify NNS intake, beyond using diet soda intake as a proxy for NNS intake and grouping all NNS types into one variable, to more accurately address the potential health effects of NNS.
Collapse
|
68
|
Nguyen-Anh D, Umberger WJ, Zeng D. Understanding Vietnamese Urban Consumers' Nutrition Label Use, Health Concerns, and Consumption of Food and Beverages with Added Sugars. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113335. [PMID: 33138339 PMCID: PMC7694047 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Vietnam is experiencing a diet and nutrition transition. Increasing consumption of food and beverages with added sugars is a significant public health concern. Policies and interventions, such as mandatory nutrition labelling, are being considered to improve consumers’ awareness and understanding of diet and health implications of added sugars in food and beverages. The effectiveness of various policy approaches relies on an improved understanding of the interrelationships between urban Vietnamese consumers’ health concerns, nutrition label use, and intake of sugars. We empirically disentangle these relationships for urban Vietnamese households using novel intra-household data covering 4047 adults and 737 adolescents from 1590 households in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. The data are from comprehensive household surveys and 24-hour food diaries. Simultaneous equation regression models are estimated using three-stage least squares (3SLS) to account for possible endogeneity. Nutrition label use is significantly associated with a lower share of calories from foods and beverages with added sugars. These findings suggest that nutrition labelling programs may be an effective policy mechanism to reduce the negative health implications of increasing availability and consumption of food and beverages with added sugars in urban Vietnam.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duc Nguyen-Anh
- The Centre for Global Food and Resources, The University of Adelaide, 10 Pulteney St, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia; (D.N.-A); (D.Z.)
- Department of Quantitative Analysis, Faculty of Economics and Rural Development, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Wendy J. Umberger
- The Centre for Global Food and Resources, The University of Adelaide, 10 Pulteney St, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia; (D.N.-A); (D.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-8313-7263
| | - Di Zeng
- The Centre for Global Food and Resources, The University of Adelaide, 10 Pulteney St, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia; (D.N.-A); (D.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
|
70
|
de Oliveira Neves VG, de Oliveira DT, Oliveira DC, Oliveira Perucci L, dos Santos TAP, da Costa Fernandes I, de Sousa GG, Barboza NR, Guerra‐Sá R. High-sugar diet intake, physical activity, and gut microbiota crosstalk: Implications for obesity in rats. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:5683-5695. [PMID: 33133570 PMCID: PMC7590324 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effect of long-term high-sugar diet (HSD) intake and regular physical activity on gut microbiota as well as its health impact. Weaned male Wistar rats were fed with standard chow diet (SSD) or HSD ad libitum and subjected or not to regular swimming training with a workload (2% of body weight) for 15 weeks. Feces samples were used on microbiome analysis using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. HSD increased body mass, adipose cushions, and the serum levels of triglycerides and VLDL, also changed the bacteria taxons associated with metabolic disorders (increase taxons belonging to Proteobacteria phylum and decrease Pediococcus genus); the swim training reverted these changes. SSD intake increased the abundance of bacteria associated with metabolization of dietary fiber. Training in association with SSD consumption beneficially modulated the microbiota, increasing the Bacteroidetes, Bacteroidaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, Parabacteroides, and Lactobacillaceae, and decreasing the Firmicute/Bacteroidetes ratio; training was not able to maintain this profile in animals SHD-fed. Physical training modulates the gut microbiota reversing the obesogenic response caused by SHD. However, training itself is not efficient for up-regulating the probiotic bacteria in comparison to its association with a balanced diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daiane Teixeira de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ciências FarmacêuticasEscola de FarmáciaUniversidade Federal de Ouro PretoOuro PretoBrazil
| | - Deborah Campos Oliveira
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Ouro PretoOuro PretoBrazil
| | - Luiza Oliveira Perucci
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Ouro PretoOuro PretoBrazil
| | | | | | | | - Natália Rocha Barboza
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Ouro PretoOuro PretoBrazil
| | - Renata Guerra‐Sá
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Ouro PretoOuro PretoBrazil
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ciências FarmacêuticasEscola de FarmáciaUniversidade Federal de Ouro PretoOuro PretoBrazil
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Fulgoni VL, Gaine PC, Scott MO. Comparison of Various Methods to Determine Added Sugars Intake to Assess the Association of Added Sugars Intake and Micronutrient Adequacy. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2816. [PMID: 32938005 PMCID: PMC7551971 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Different methods for determining the effect of added sugars intake among children and adults on meeting recommended nutrient intakes were compared using 24 h dietary recall data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014. Four methods were used to determine deciles of added sugars intake (as the percentage of total calories): 1 day intake, 2 day average intake, and individual usual intake (UI) determined with the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the multivariate Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. Percentages of the population below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for calcium and vitamin D/above the Adequate Intake (AI) for potassium and dietary fiber for each decile of added sugars intake were assessed with the NCI method. Using regression analyses, added sugars intake deciles (by any method) in children were inversely associated (p < 0.001) with percentages below the EAR/above the AI of vitamin D, calcium, potassium, and fiber. In adults, added sugars intake deciles were inversely associated with meeting recommendations for vitamin D, potassium, and fiber. There were no significant between-method differences for regression coefficients for any nutrients investigated. Overall, these methods showed a similar association of added sugars intake with nutrient inadequacy/adequacy; therefore, method preference may depend more on practical reasons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - P. Courtney Gaine
- The Sugar Association, Inc., Washington, DC 20005, USA; (P.C.G.); (M.O.S.)
| | - Maria O. Scott
- The Sugar Association, Inc., Washington, DC 20005, USA; (P.C.G.); (M.O.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Processing in the food chain: do cereals have to be processed to add value to the human diet? Nutr Res Rev 2020; 34:159-173. [PMID: 32854794 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422420000207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cereals and cereal products have a long history of use by humans. Recently, there have been some discussions regarding level of processing as a descriptor to define food products, including cereal-based foods. This has led to a somewhat emotional debate on food processing. Given the widespread inclusion of cereals in the diet, this review highlights the history of cereal processing as well as their consumption by humans. It provides an evidence-based discussion on their production, contribution to human nutrition, benefits and disadvantages. The present review illustrates the impact of processing on nutrients, as well as non-nutrients specifically in bread and ready-to-eat breakfast cereals (RTEC), two cereal-based foods which are widely consumed and integral parts of food-based dietary guidelines globally. As a category, most cereals must be processed in some way to enable consumption by humans as we are not equipped to survive exclusively on raw grains. Even thousands of years ago, the processing of cereals was a common practice by humans, turning raw grains into palatable, safe and nutritious foods. Modern processes for cereal-based products are efficient in providing safe and good-quality products to satisfy population needs, as well as helping to meet consumer expectations by providing a range of foods that allows for a varied and balanced diet. Today, RTEC and bread make significant contributions to dietary energy and nutrient requirements and underpin food-based dietary guidance globally. They have been positively linked with intake of dietary fibre, vitamins and minerals, especially when consumed as whole grain.
Collapse
|
73
|
Hossain MJ, Kendig MD, Wild BM, Issar T, Krishnan AV, Morris MJ, Arnold R. Evidence of Altered Peripheral Nerve Function in a Rodent Model of Diet-Induced Prediabetes. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8090313. [PMID: 32872256 PMCID: PMC7555926 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a debilitating complication of diabetes that affects >50% of patients. Recent evidence suggests that obesity and metabolic disease, which often precede diabetes diagnosis, may influence PN onset and severity. We examined this in a translationally relevant model of prediabetes induced by a cafeteria (CAF) diet in Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 15 CAF versus n = 15 control). Neuropathy phenotyping included nerve conduction, tactile sensitivity, intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) and nerve excitability testing, an in vivo measure of ion channel function and membrane potential. Metabolic phenotyping included body composition, blood glucose and lipids, plasma hormones and inflammatory cytokines. After 13 weeks diet, CAF-fed rats demonstrated prediabetes with significantly elevated fasting blood glucose, insulin and impaired glucose tolerance as well as obesity and dyslipidemia. Nerve conduction, tactile sensitivity and IENFD did not differ; however, superexcitability was significantly increased in CAF-fed rats. Mathematical modeling demonstrated this was consistent with a reduction in sodium–potassium pump current. Moreover, superexcitability correlated positively with insulin resistance and adiposity, and negatively with fasting high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In conclusion, prediabetic rats over-consuming processed, palatable foods demonstrated altered nerve function that preceded overt PN. This work provides a relevant model for pathophysiological investigation of diabetic complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Jakir Hossain
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.H.); (M.D.K.); (B.M.W.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Michael D. Kendig
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.H.); (M.D.K.); (B.M.W.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Brandon M. Wild
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.H.); (M.D.K.); (B.M.W.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Tushar Issar
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (T.I.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Arun V. Krishnan
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (T.I.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Margaret J. Morris
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.H.); (M.D.K.); (B.M.W.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Ria Arnold
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.J.H.); (M.D.K.); (B.M.W.); (M.J.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-293858709
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Diószegi J, Pikó P, Kósa Z, Sándor J, Llanaj E, Ádány R. Taste and Food Preferences of the Hungarian Roma Population. Front Public Health 2020; 8:359. [PMID: 32850590 PMCID: PMC7417305 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In Central, Eastern, and Southern Europe, the Roma population is the largest and the most vulnerable and disadvantaged minority. Behind their unfavorable health status, harmful health behaviors, such as unhealthy diet is also supposed to exist. Methods: In the framework of a complex health study, individuals from the Hungarian general (n = 410) and Roma populations (n = 387) were randomly selected. In the survey portion of the study, sweet, fat, salty, and bitter taste preferences were ascertained by question items measuring taste and food preferences. Preference for sweet vs. salty foods was also analyzed. Questions from the Hungarian version of the European Health Interview Survey were included, to characterize fruit and vegetable consumption and to determine the quantity of sugars added to consumed foods and beverages and the frequency of salting without tasting the food. Data were analyzed using STATA 9.0 statistical software. Results: Roma reported significantly less frequent consumption of fresh fruits (OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.22-2.35, p = 0.002) and vegetables (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.25-2.41, p = 0.001) than the Hungarian subjects. Representatives of the Hungarian Roma population reported adding higher quantities of sugars to consumed foods and beverages (OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.10-2.56, p = 0.016) and preferred sweet snacks vs. salty ones (OR = 0.53 for salty snacks, 95% CI: 0.37-0.78, p = 0.001) and had higher preferences for sweet foods (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.08-2.11, p = 0.015). They salted their food without tasting it more often (OR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.64-2.88, p < 0.001). They had lower preferences for bitter tasting raw kohlrabi (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.41-0.80, p = 0.001), grapefruit (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.34-0.64, p < 0.001), black coffee (OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.34-0.73, p < 0.001), and dark chocolate (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.46-0.84, p = 0.006). No significant results in terms of ethnicity were found on for fatty and salty food preference and other bitter-tasting vegetables. Conclusions: Roma diet may be linked to taste preferences predisposing to unhealthy eating habits. This assumption needs further studies on their dietary behavior. In order to design potentially effective intervention programs targeting Roma populations, it is essential to identify individual, environmental, social, cultural, and behavioral factors and as well as their complex interplay that may affect dietary intake and behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judit Diószegi
- MTA-DE Public Health Research Group, Public Health Research Institute, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Pikó
- MTA-DE Public Health Research Group, Public Health Research Institute, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsigmond Kósa
- Department of Methodology for Health Visitors and Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Debrecen, Nyíregyháza, Hungary
| | - János Sándor
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Erand Llanaj
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Public Health Research Institute, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Róza Ádány
- MTA-DE Public Health Research Group, Public Health Research Institute, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Public Health Research Institute, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
O'Neil CE, Nicklas TA, Saab R, Fulgoni VL. Relationship of added sugars intakes with physiologic parameters in adults: an analysis of national health and nutrition examination survey 2001-2012. AIMS Public Health 2020; 7:450-468. [PMID: 32968670 PMCID: PMC7505778 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Consumption of added sugars (AS) has been associated with increased risk for liver disease and risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to further understand the relationship of AS intake with liver enzymes and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in adults (n = 29,687) participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2012. METHODS Individual usual intake (IUI) of AS was estimated using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo ratio method using two days of 24-hour dietary recalls gathered using standardized protocols. Subjects were separated into six consumption groups: 0 to <5%, 5 to <10%, 10 to <15%, 15 to <20%, 20 to <25% and ≥25% of energy as added sugars. Linear and group trends were determined using regression analyses for liver enzymes, cardiovascular risk factors, weight parameters, glucose, metabolic syndrome, and C-reactive protein. Logistic regression calculated odds ratios for these biomarkers above established risk levels (p < 0.01). RESULTS There was an inverse group trend association with AS IUI for lower body mass index (beta = -0.12 kg/m2 across AS intake groups); % overweight/obese or % obese also showed inverse group trend (-1.44, -0.77, % units across AS intake groups, respectively). Liver enzymes did not show a significant association with AS IUI. Mean plasma glucose levels (mg/dL) showed an inverse linear (beta = -0.13 mg/dL per AS intake); and group association with energy from AS IUI (beta = -0.71mg/d L across AS intake groups). There was no association of AS intake with the risk of elevated uric acid levels; however, the odds of reduced uric acid levels was 17% lower with increasing intake of energy from AS IUI in group trend analysis only (0.83; 0.72-0.95 [99th CI]). CONCLUSION Although it is sensible to consume AS in moderation, results suggested that higher intakes of AS were not consistently associated with physiologic parameters. Since the data were cross-sectional, they cannot be used to assess cause and effect. Thus, additional studies are warranted to confirm these findings with more rigorous study designs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol E O'Neil
- LSU Agricultural Center Professor Emeritus, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | - Rabab Saab
- USDA/ARS/CNRC, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
76
|
Sucralose promotes accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and adipogenesis in mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:250. [PMID: 32586409 PMCID: PMC7318498 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01753-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Consumption of non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) has been consistently associated with obesity and cardiometabolic disease in epidemiologic studies. Herein, we investigated effects of sucralose, a widely used NNS, at a cellular level. We wanted to investigate effect of sucralose on reactive oxygen species accumulation and adipogenesis in a human adipocyte tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in a controlled fashion. Methods In vitro experiments were conducted on commercially available MSCs obtained from human adipose tissue. hMSCs were exposed with sucralose at 0.2 mM (a concentration which could plausibly be observed in the circulatory system of high NNS consumers) up to 1.0 mM (supra-physiologic concentration) in the presence of both normal and high glucose media to detect a dose response based on the outcome measures. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected using Mitosox Red staining and further analyzed by ImageJ and gene expression analysis. Effect of sucralose on adipogenic differentiation was observed in different concentrations of sucralose followed by gene expression analysis and Oil Red O staining. Results Increased ROS accumulation was observed within 72 h of exposure. Increased adipogenesis was also noted when exposed to higher dose of sucralose. Conclusion Sucralose promotes ROS accumulation and adipogenesis in human adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stromal cells.
Collapse
|
77
|
Bell K, Shaw JE, Maple-Brown L, Ferris W, Gray S, Murfet G, Flavel R, Maynard B, Ryrie H, Pritchard B, Freeman R, Gordon BA. A position statement on screening and management of prediabetes in adults in primary care in Australia. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 164:108188. [PMID: 32360708 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Prediabetes has a high prevalence, with early detection essential to facilitate optimal management to prevent the development of conditions such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Prediabetes can include impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance and elevated HbA1c. This position statement outlines the approaches to screening and management of prediabetes in primary care. There is good evidence to implement intensive, structured lifestyle interventions for individuals with impaired glucose tolerance. The evidence for those with impaired fasting glucose or elevated HbA1c is less clear, but individuals should still be provided with generalised healthy lifestyle strategies. A multidisciplinary approach is recommended to implement healthy lifestyle changes through education, nutrition and physical activity. Individuals should aim to lose weight (5-10% of body mass) using realistic and sustainable dietary approaches supported by an accredited practising dietitian, where possible. Physical activity and exercise should be used to facilitate weight maintenance and reduce blood glucose. Moderate-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise and resistance training should be prescribed by an accredited exercise physiologist, where possible. When indicated, pharmacotherapy, metabolic surgery and psychosocial care should be considered, in order to enhance the outcomes associated with lifestyle change. Individuals with prediabetes should generally be evaluated annually for their diabetes status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirstine Bell
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Louise Maple-Brown
- Menzies School of Health Research, NT, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Royal Darwin Hospital, Australia
| | - Wendy Ferris
- Diabetes Service, Hunter New England Local Health District, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan Gray
- Pharmaceutical Society of Australia & University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Giuliana Murfet
- Diabetes Centre, Tasmanian Health Service - North West, TAS, Australia; Deakin University, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Hannah Ryrie
- Dietitians Association of Australia, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Rachel Freeman
- Australian Diabetes Educators Association, ACT, Australia
| | - Brett A Gordon
- Holsworth Research Initiative, La Trobe University, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Aumueller N, Gruszfeld D, Gradowska K, Escribano J, Ferré N, Martin F, Poncelet P, Verduci E, ReDionigi A, Koletzko B, Grote V. Influence of total sugar intake on metabolic blood markers at 8 years of age in the Childhood Obesity Project. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:435-442. [PMID: 32377804 PMCID: PMC7867537 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02229-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to characterize the association of dietary sugar intake with blood lipids and glucose-related markers in childhood. Methods Data from the multicentric European Childhood Obesity Project Trial were used. Three-day weighed dietary records were obtained at 8 years of age along with serum concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), glucose, and insulin. Total sugar intake comprised all mono- and disaccharides; different sugar sources were defined. Linear regression models were applied to investigate the cross-sectional association of total sugar intake with blood lipids and glucose-related markers with adjustment for total energy intake using the residual method. Results Data were available for 325 children. Children consumed on average 332 kcal (SD 110) and 21% (SD 6) of energy from total sugar. In an energy-adjusted model, an increase of 100 kcal from total sugar per day was significantly associated with a z score HDL-C decrease (− 0.14; 95% CI − 0.01, − 0.27; p value = 0.031). Concerning different food groups of total sugar intake, 100 kcal total sugar from sweetened beverages was negatively associated with z score HDL-C (− 1.67; 95% CI − 0.42, − 2.91; p value = 0.009), while total sugar from milk products was positively related to z score HDL-C (1.38, 95% CI 0.03, 2.72; p value = 0.045). None of the other blood lipids or glucose-related markers showed a significant relationship with total sugar intake. Conclusion Increasing dietary total sugar intake in children, especially from sweetened beverages, was associated with unfavorable effects on HDL-C, which might increase the long-term risk for dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease. Clinical trial registry ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00338689; Registered: June 19, 2006. URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00338689?term=NCT00338689&rank=1. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-020-02229-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Aumueller
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU-Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Dariusz Gruszfeld
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kinga Gradowska
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joaquín Escribano
- Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain.,Paediatrics Research Unit, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Spain
| | - Natalia Ferré
- Paediatrics Research Unit, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Spain
| | | | | | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Peadiatrics, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice ReDionigi
- Department of Peadiatrics, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU-Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337, Munich, Germany.
| | - Veit Grote
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU-Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Cano-Lamadrid M, Calín-Sánchez Á, Clemente-Villalba J, Hernández F, Carbonell-Barrachina ÁA, Sendra E, Wojdyło A. Quality Parameters and Consumer Acceptance of Jelly Candies Based on Pomegranate Juice " Mollar de Elche". Foods 2020; 9:foods9040516. [PMID: 32325998 PMCID: PMC7230151 DOI: 10.3390/foods9040516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an upward trend towards reducing or suppressing additives in foods, as well as reducing the use of E-numbers in labels providing clean label foods. Therefore, the development of confectionary products based exclusively on natural ingredients with antioxidant properties may offer valuable solutions to the confectionery industry. Fruit juices and purées may provide functional and organoleptic properties in jelly candies in a natural way. The consumption of pomegranate fruit and derivative products has increased due to their association with health benefits. The aim of this study was to determine consumer insights about pomegranate-based jellies, cultivar “Mollar de Elche”, as affected by formulation (100% pomegranate juice or 50%–50% pomegranate juice–apple purée) and type of sweetener (sugar or honey), and to link affective and descriptive data from sensory studies. The most valued quality parameter of pomegranate products, red color (measured by the green–red coordinate, a*), was not negatively affected by jelly preparation. It was determined that the main liking drivers for pomegranate jellies were intense red color and high brightness. The results might be used by pomegranate processing companies to improve their manufacturing protocols and to develop successful products meeting consumer demands and needs. The formulation containing 20% gelatin, pure “Mollar de Elche” pomegranate juice, 1% citric acid, and sucrose as sweetener provided the best quality of jellies in terms of color, texture, antioxidant capacity, and sensory attributes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cano-Lamadrid
- Research Group “Food Quality and Safety”, Department of Agro-Food Technology, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela (EPSO), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), Ctra. Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain; (M.C.-L.); (Á.C.-S.); (J.C.-V.); (Á.A.C.-B.); (E.S.)
| | - Ángel Calín-Sánchez
- Research Group “Food Quality and Safety”, Department of Agro-Food Technology, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela (EPSO), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), Ctra. Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain; (M.C.-L.); (Á.C.-S.); (J.C.-V.); (Á.A.C.-B.); (E.S.)
| | - Jesús Clemente-Villalba
- Research Group “Food Quality and Safety”, Department of Agro-Food Technology, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela (EPSO), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), Ctra. Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain; (M.C.-L.); (Á.C.-S.); (J.C.-V.); (Á.A.C.-B.); (E.S.)
| | - Francisca Hernández
- Research Group “Plant Production and Technology”, Department of Plant Sciences and Microbiology, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela (EPSO), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), Ctra. Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain;
| | - Ángel A. Carbonell-Barrachina
- Research Group “Food Quality and Safety”, Department of Agro-Food Technology, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela (EPSO), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), Ctra. Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain; (M.C.-L.); (Á.C.-S.); (J.C.-V.); (Á.A.C.-B.); (E.S.)
| | - Esther Sendra
- Research Group “Food Quality and Safety”, Department of Agro-Food Technology, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela (EPSO), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), Ctra. Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain; (M.C.-L.); (Á.C.-S.); (J.C.-V.); (Á.A.C.-B.); (E.S.)
| | - Aneta Wojdyło
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-320-7706
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Dietary Intake of Free Sugars is Associated with Disease Activity and Dyslipidemia in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041094. [PMID: 32326626 PMCID: PMC7231002 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet has been closely associated with inflammatory autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Importantly, the consumption of dietary sugars has been positively linked to elevated levels of some inflammation markers, but the potential role of their consumption on the prognosis of autoimmune diseases has not yet been examined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the dietary intake of free sugars and clinical parameters and cardiovascular (CVD) risk markers in patients with SLE. A cross-sectional study including a total of 193 patients with SLE (aged 48.25 ± 12.54 years) was conducted. The SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI-2K) and the SDI Damage Index were used to asses disease activity and disease-related damage, respectively. Levels of C-reactive protein (CRP; mg/dL), homocysteine (Hcy; µmol/L), anti-double stranded DNA antibodies (anti-dsDNA) (IU/mL), complement C3 (mg/dL), and complement C4 (mg/dL), among other biochemical markers, were measured. The main factors we considered as risk factors for CVD were obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and blood lipids. The dietary-intrinsic sugar and added-sugar content participants consumed were obtained via a 24-h patient diary. Significant differences were observed in dietary sugar intake between patients with active and inactive SLE (in grams: 28.31 ± 24.43 vs. 38.71 ± 28.87; p = 0.035) and free sugar intake (as a percentage: 6.36 ± 4.82 vs. 8.60 ± 5.51; p = 0.020). Linear regression analysis revealed a significant association between free sugars intake (by gram or percentage) and the number of complications (β (95% CI) = 0.009 (0.001, 0.0018), p = 0.033)); (β (95% CI) = 0.046 (0.008, 0.084), p = 0.018)), and SLEDAI (β (95% CI) = 0.017 (0.001, 0.034), p = 0.043)); (β (95% CI) = 0.086 (0.011, 0.161), p = 0.024)) after adjusting for covariates. Free sugars (g and %) were also associated with the presence of dyslipidaemia (β (95% CI) = −0.003 (−0.005, 0.000), p = 0.024)) and (β (95% CI) = −0.015 (−0.028, −0.002), p = 0.021)). Our findings suggest that a higher consumption of free sugars might negatively impact the activity and complications of SLE. However, future longitudinal research on SLE patients, including dietary intervention trials, are necessary to corroborate these preliminary data.
Collapse
|
81
|
Bueno-Hernández N, Esquivel-Velázquez M, Alcántara-Suárez R, Gómez-Arauz AY, Espinosa-Flores AJ, de León-Barrera KL, Mendoza-Martínez VM, Sánchez Medina GA, León-Hernández M, Ruiz-Barranco A, Escobedo G, Meléndez G. Chronic sucralose consumption induces elevation of serum insulin in young healthy adults: a randomized, double blind, controlled trial. Nutr J 2020; 19:32. [PMID: 32284053 PMCID: PMC7155288 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-020-00549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are widely consumed by humans due to their apparent innocuity, especially sucralose. However, several studies link sucralose consumption to weight gain and metabolic derangements, although data are still contradictory. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of acute and chronic consumption of sucralose on insulin and glucose profiles in young healthy adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a randomized, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in healthy young adults from 18 to 35 years old, without insulin resistance. A hundred thirty seven participants were randomized into three groups: a) volunteers receiving 48 mg sucralose, b) volunteers receiving 96 mg sucralose, and c) controls receiving water as placebo. All participants underwent a 3-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) preceded by consuming sucralose or placebo 15 min before glucose load, at two time points: week zero (Wk0) and week ten (Wk10). Serum insulin and glucose were measured every 15 min during both OGTTs. RESULTS Compared to Wk0, consumption of sucralose for 10 weeks provoked 1) increased insulin concentrations at 0 min (7.5 ± 3.4 vs 8.8 ± 4.1 μIU/mL; p = 0.01), 30 min (91.3 ± 56.2 vs 110.1 ± 49.4 μIU/mL; p = 0.05), 105 min (47.7 ± 24.4 vs 64.3 ± 48.2 μIU/mL; p = 0.04) and 120 min (44.8 ± 22.1 vs 63.1 ± 47.8 μIU/mL; p = 0.01) in the 48 mg sucralose group; 2) increased blood glucose at - 15 min (87.9 ± 4.6 vs 91.4 ± 5.4 mg/dL; p = 0.003), 0 min (88.7 ± 4 vs 91.3 ± 6 mg/dL; p = 0.04) and 120 min (95.2 ± 23.7 vs 106.9 ± 19.5 mg/dL; p = 0.009) in the 48 mg sucralose group; 3) increased area under the curve (AUC) of insulin in both 48 and 96 mg sucralose groups (9262 vs 11,398; p = 0.02 and 6962 vs 8394; p = 0.12, respectively); and 4) reduced Matsuda index in the 48 mg sucralose group (6.04 ± 3.19 vs 4.86 ± 2.13; p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These data show that chronic consumption of sucralose can affect insulin and glucose responses in non-insulin resistant healthy young adults with normal body mass index (between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m2), however, the effects are not consistent with dose; further research is required. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NCT03703141.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nallely Bueno-Hernández
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcela Esquivel-Velázquez
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Raúl Alcántara-Suárez
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
- Clinical Nutrition Division, General Hospital of Mexico Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angélica Y Gómez-Arauz
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aranza J Espinosa-Flores
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karen L de León-Barrera
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Viridiana M Mendoza-Martínez
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela A Sánchez Medina
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mireya León-Hernández
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Ruiz-Barranco
- Clinical Nutrition Division, General Hospital of Mexico Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Galileo Escobedo
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Guillermo Meléndez
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico.
- Clinic of Medical and Nutritional Trials (MENTRIALS), Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Qi X, Tester RF. Lactose, Maltose, and Sucrose in Health and Disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1901082. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201901082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qi
- Glycologic Limited Glasgow G4 0BA UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
83
|
Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Łoniewski I, Stachowska E, Marlicz W, Correll CU. Current and Novel Approaches to Mitigate Cardiometabolic Adverse Effects of Second-Generation Antipsychotics. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 23:491-495. [PMID: 32239144 PMCID: PMC7689205 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyaa026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Second-generation antipsychotic-related weight gain and metabolic disturbances are a major public health issue given the widespread prescribing of these medications. The lack of clearly known mechanisms of cardiometabolic adverse effects and the relevance of cardiometabolic health for survival make this an important area for research. While nonpharmacologic and some pharmacologic treatments have shown benefits vs control conditions or placebo, the effects are modest and long-term benefits are less clear. Therefore, new approaches to mitigate second-generation antipsychotic-associated cardiometabolic burden are sorely needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland,Correspondence: Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka, PhD, Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland ()
| | - Igor Łoniewski
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Stachowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Marlicz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Christoph U Correll
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY,Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Ilich JZ, Gilman JC, Cvijetic S, Boschiero D. Chronic Stress Contributes to Osteosarcopenic Adiposity via Inflammation and Immune Modulation: The Case for More Precise Nutritional Investigation. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040989. [PMID: 32252359 PMCID: PMC7230299 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress and low-grade chronic inflammation (LGCI) are key underlying factors formany diseases, including bone and body composition impairments. Objectives of this narrativereview were to examine the mechanisms by which chronic stress and LGCI may influenceosteosarcopenic adiposity (OSA) syndrome, originally named as ostoesarcopenic obesity (OSO).We also examined the crucial nutrients presumed to be affected by or cause of stress andinflammation and compared/contrasted them to those of our prehistoric ancestors. The evidenceshows that stress (particularly chronic) and its related inflammatory processes, contribute toosteoporosis, sarcopenia, and adiposity ultimately leading to OSA as a final and most derangedstate of body composition, commencing at the mesenchymal cell lineage disturbance. Thefoods/nutrients consumed by modern humans, as well as their altered lifestyle, also contribute tostress, LGCI and subsequently to OSA. The processes can also go in opposite direction when stressand inflammation impact nutritional status, particularly some micronutrients' levels. Whilenutritional management of body composition and LGCI have been studied, the nutrients (and theirquantities) most affected by stressors and those which may act toward the alleviation of stressfulstate, ultimately leading to better body composition outcomes, need to be elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasminka Z. Ilich
- Institute for Successful Longevity, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Selma Cvijetic
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 11000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | | |
Collapse
|
85
|
A narrative review of the effects of sugar-sweetened beverages on human health: A key global health issue. JOURNAL OF POPULATION THERAPEUTICS AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 27:e76-e103. [PMID: 32170920 DOI: 10.15586/jptcp.v27i1.666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The provision of healthy and safe food is vital for human health, and the addition of unnecessary sugars in foodstuffs is an important global issue, leading to multiple long- and short-term health issues and spiraling costs for individuals and governments alike. The negative effect of excess sugar consumption contributes to adverse health conditions, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and poor oral health in both high and low resource settings. A key plank of governmental and health promotion bodies' nutritional guidance is to raise public awareness of "hidden" sugars, salt, and fats, such as found in processed foods and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), and guide individuals to reduce their consumption. This rapid narrative review brings together some of the key issues identified in the literature around the consumption of SSBs, including patterns of consumption, the general impact on human health and nutrition, specific effects on oral health and the oral microbiome, and strategies to address over-consumption. The range of long-term adverse effects on health is often misunderstood or unknown by the public. However, some strategies have succeeded in reducing the consumption of SSBs, including public health strategies and interventions and the imposition of taxes or levies, and this article makes recommendations for action.
Collapse
|
86
|
Determination and Comparative Study of Sugars and Synthetic Colorants in Commercial Branded Fruit Juice Products. J FOOD QUALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/7406506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit juice-based products are potentially high demanded products in Sri Lanka. The research was conducted to estimate the total sugar content in commercially available fruit juice products and to compare the suitability and efficiency of analytical methods: Lane and Eynon titration method and UV-Visible spectrophotometric methods. Further synthetic colorants in the products were identified and compared with the label information. A consumer survey was conducted to elicit information on consumer preference and knowledge on sugar content of the products. Based on the survey, consumers were more concerned about taste (37%), brand name (28%), price (28%), and nutrition value (7%), respectively. Awareness about the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of sugar, added sugar consumption, and risk of chronic diseases was 49%. Awareness on the color coding system of the products was 68%. The total sugar content of the fruit nectars was determined using both methods. The maximum total sugar level (18.38 g/100 mL) was observed by the titration method, while the maximum total sugar level (18.31 g/100 mL) was measured by the spectrophotometric method in wood apple (Limonia acidissima) nectar in brand No. “1.” The maximum sucrose content (10.57 g/100 mL) was observed in mango (Mangifera indica L.) nectar in the brand No. “1.” Total sugar contents of both tested methods were compared using SAS 9.0 (Randomized Complete Block Design, RCBD). There is no significant difference (P>0.05) between the two testing methods. In conclusion, the Lane and Eynon titration method was identified as the most effective method for analysis of the total sugar in fruit juice-based products. Based on the analysis of thin-layer chromatography (TLC), a majority of fruit nectar samples (57.14%) contained natural colorants, while 42.86% of total samples contained synthetic colorants. Labelling violation was done by the manufacturers, and the consumer awareness was high with the color-coding system. Continuous surveillance is recommended to minimize health risk related to high sugar consumption of the population.
Collapse
|
87
|
Ousaaid D, Laaroussi H, Bakour M, ElGhouizi A, Aboulghazi A, Lyoussi B, ElArabi I. Beneficial Effects of Apple Vinegar on Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia in Hypercaloric-Fed Rats. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:9284987. [PMID: 32766316 PMCID: PMC7374219 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9284987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study is to determine the effects of apple vinegar on the metabolic changes caused by hypercaloric diet in Wistar rats. Apple vinegar was first analyzed to find out the total acidity, the polyphenolic and flavonoid contents, the total antioxidant capacity, and the free radical scavenging activity. In vivo study on adult male and female Wistar rats was conducted by administering a drink containing either 10% D-glucose or water (control) for five weeks. Apple vinegar is administered daily by gavage (2 mL/kg) to rats fed D-glucose for 5 weeks. The results showed that the polyphenolic content in apple vinegar was 148.02 ± 10.16 mg GAE/100 mL, flavonoid content was 22.93 ± 0.73 QE/100 mL, and total antioxidant capacity was 13.4 ± 0.47 mg AAE/100 mL. Free radical IC50 apple vinegar scavenging activity (DPPH) was 0.74 ± 0.154 μL/mL. The total acidity was (3.24 ± 0.02 mg AAE/100 mL). The treatment during five weeks with D-glucose leads to increased plasma glucose, lipid profile, hepatic enzyme levels, urea, and creatinine. Simultaneous treatment with apple vinegar improves the parameters studied. These results clearly show that the daily consumption of vinegar can reduce the rise in blood sugar and lipid profile induced by hypercaloric diet in rats. Therefore, the use of apple vinegar would have a very beneficial effect in the prevention of metabolic disorders caused by high-caloric food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Driss Ousaaid
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Hassan Laaroussi
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Meryem Bakour
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Asmae ElGhouizi
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Abderrazak Aboulghazi
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Badiaa Lyoussi
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Ilham ElArabi
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Effects of Sucralose Ingestion versus Sucralose Taste on Metabolic Responses to an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Participants with Normal Weight and Obesity: A Randomized Crossover Trial. Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010029. [PMID: 31877631 PMCID: PMC7019725 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we tested the hypothesis that sucralose differentially affects metabolic responses to labeled oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) in participants with normal weight and obesity. Participants (10 with normal weight and 11 with obesity) without diabetes underwent three dual-tracer OGTTs preceded, in a randomized order, by consuming sucralose or water, or by tasting and expectorating sucralose (e.g., sham-fed; sweetness control). Indices of β-cell function and insulin sensitivity (SI) were estimated using oral minimal models of glucose, insulin, and C-peptide kinetics. Compared with water, sucralose ingested (but not sham-fed) resulted in a 30 ± 10% increased glucose area under the curve in both weight groups. In contrast, the insulin response to sucralose ingestion differed depending on the presence of obesity: decreased within 20–40 min of the OGTT in normal-weight participants but increased within 90–120 min in participants with obesity. Sham-fed sucralose similarly decreased insulin concentrations within 60 min of the OGTT in both weight groups. Sucralose ingested (but not sham-fed) increased SI in normal-weight participants by 52 ± 20% but did not affect SI in participants with obesity. Sucralose did not affect glucose rates of appearance or β-cell function in either weight group. Our data underscore a physiological role for taste perception in postprandial glucose responses, suggesting sweeteners should be consumed in moderation.
Collapse
|
89
|
Diószegi J, Llanaj E, Ádány R. Genetic Background of Taste Perception, Taste Preferences, and Its Nutritional Implications: A Systematic Review. Front Genet 2019; 10:1272. [PMID: 31921309 PMCID: PMC6930899 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The rise in nutrition-related morbidity and mortality requires public health intervention programs targeting nutritional behavior. In addition to socio-economical, socio-cultural, psychological determinants, taste is one of the main factors that influence food choices. Differences in taste perception and sensitivity may be explained by genetic variations, therefore the knowledge of the extent to which genetic factors influence the development of individual taste preferences and eating patterns is important for public policy actions addressing nutritional behaviors. Our aim was to review genetic polymorphisms accounting for variability in taste and food preferences to contribute to an improved understanding of development of taste and food preferences. Methods: The electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched using MeSH in PubMed and free text terms for articles published between January 1, 2000 and April 13, 2018. The search strategy was conducted following the PRISMA statement. The quality of the included studies was assessed by the validated Q-Genie tool. Results: Following the PRISMA flowchart, finally 103 articles were included in the review. Among the reviewed studies, 43 were rated to have good quality, 47 were rated to have moderate quality, and 13 were rated to have low quality. The majority of the studies assessed the association of genetic variants with the bitter taste modality, followed by articles analyzing the impact of polymorphisms on sweet and fat preferences. The number of studies investigating the association between umami, salty, and sour taste qualities and genetic polymorphisms was limited. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that a significant association exists between TAS2R38 variants (rs713598, rs1726866, rs10246939) and bitter and sweet taste preference. Other confirmed results are related to rs1761667 (CD36) and fat taste responsiveness. Otherwise further research is essential to confirm results of studies related to genetic variants and individual taste sensitivity. This knowledge may enhance our understanding of the development of individual taste and related food preferences and food choices that will aid the development of tailored public health strategy to reduce nutrition-related disease and morbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judit Diószegi
- MTA-DE Public Health Research Group, Public Health Research Institute, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Erand Llanaj
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Róza Ádány
- MTA-DE Public Health Research Group, Public Health Research Institute, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,WHO Collaborating Centre on Vulnerability and Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Fulgoni VL, Gaine PC, Scott MO, Ricciuto L, DiFrancesco L. Association of Added Sugars Intake with Micronutrient Adequacy in US Children and Adolescents: NHANES 2009-2014. Curr Dev Nutr 2019; 3:nzz126. [PMID: 32154496 PMCID: PMC7053577 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A concern about the excessive consumption of added sugars is the potential for micronutrient dilution, particularly in children and adolescents; however, the evidence is inconsistent. OBJECTIVE We examined the associations between added sugars intake and micronutrient adequacy in US children and adolescents using data from NHANES 2009-2014. METHODS Children and adolescents aged 2-18 (n = 7754), 2-8 (n = 3423), and 9-18 y (n = 4331) were assigned to deciles of added sugars intake based on the average of 2 d of dietary recall. Usual intake of micronutrients was determined using 2 dietary recalls and the National Cancer Institute method. Within each age group, regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between added sugars intake decile and percentage of the population below the estimated average requirements (EARs) for 17 micronutrients. RESULTS Deciles of added sugars intake (percentage of calories) ranged from <6.4 to >22.8 among children and adolescents aged 2-18 y, with a median intake of 13.3% of calories. Significant positive associations (P < 0.01) between added sugars intake and percentage of the population (aged 2-18 y) below the EAR were found only for calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D. These associations virtually disappeared after dropping the 2 highest and lowest deciles of intake, suggesting a threshold effect; intakes below approximately 19% of calories from added sugars were generally not associated with micronutrient inadequacy. CONCLUSIONS As added sugars intake increased, there was a threshold above which an increase in the prevalence of inadequate intakes for calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D among US children and adolescents was observed. However, even at the lower deciles of added sugars, large percentages of the population were below the EAR for these nutrients, suggesting that adequate intakes of these nutrients are difficult to achieve independent of added sugars intake.
Collapse
|
91
|
Prevalence of Child-Directed Marketing on Breakfast Cereal Packages before and after Chile's Food Marketing Law: A Pre- and Post-Quantitative Content Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16224501. [PMID: 31731577 PMCID: PMC6888536 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Food marketing has been identified as a contributing factor in childhood obesity, prompting global health organizations to recommend restrictions on unhealthy food marketing to children. Chile has responded to this recommendation with a restriction on child-directed marketing for products that exceed certain regulation-defined thresholds in sugars, saturated fats, sodium, or calories. Child-directed strategies are allowed for products that do not exceed these thresholds. To evaluate changes in marketing due to this restriction, we examined differences in the use of child-directed strategies on breakfast cereal packages that exceeded the defined thresholds vs. those that did not exceed the thresholds before (n = 168) and after (n = 153) the restriction was implemented. Photographs of cereal packages were taken from top supermarket chains in Santiago. Photographed cereals were classified as “high-in” if they exceeded any nutrient threshold described in the regulation. We found that the percentage of all cereal packages using child-directed strategies before implementation (36%) was significantly lower after implementation (21%), p < 0.05. This overall decrease is due to the decrease we found in the percentage of “high-in” cereals using child-directed strategies after implementation (43% before implementation, 15% after implementation), p < 0.05. In contrast, a greater percentage of packages that did not qualify as “high-in” used child-directed strategies after implementation (30%) compared with before implementation (8%), p < 0.05. The results suggest that the Chilean food marketing regulation can be effective at reducing the use of child-directed marketing for unhealthy food products.
Collapse
|
92
|
Pattern and correlates of public support for public health interventions to reduce the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. Public Health Nutr 2019; 22:3270-3280. [PMID: 31544722 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019002076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the pattern and correlates of public support for twelve public health interventions aimed at reducing sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption. DESIGN Cross-sectional population-based survey. Respondents were recruited using a random digit dialling procedure (landline telephone) and a random selection of telephone numbers (mobile telephone). Sampling quotas were applied for age, and the sample was stratified according to administrative regions. SETTING The province of Québec, Canada. SUBJECTS One thousand adults aged between 18 and 64 years and able to answer the survey questionnaire in French or English. RESULTS Support was observed for a number of public health interventions, but the more intrusive approaches were less supported. Support for taxation as well as for sale and access restriction was positively associated with the perceived relevance of the government intervention, perceived effectiveness, and perceived associations between SSB consumption and chronic diseases. Believing that SSB consumption is a personal choice and daily consumption were generally negatively associated with strong support and positively associated with strong opposition. Sparse associations between sociodemographic and socio-economic characteristics were observed, with the exception of sex and age: women were generally more likely to support the examined public health strategies, while younger respondents were less likely to express support. CONCLUSIONS Increasing perceived effectiveness and government responsibility for addressing the issue of SSB consumption could lead to increased support for SSB interventions. Increasing the belief that SSB consumption could be associated with chronic diseases would increase support, but SSB consumers and younger individuals are expected to be resistant.
Collapse
|
93
|
Payolla TB, Teixeira CJ, Sato FT, Murata GM, Zonta GA, Sodré FS, Campos CV, Mesquita FN, Anhê GF, Bordin S. In Utero Dexamethasone Exposure Exacerbates Hepatic Steatosis in Rats That Consume Fructose During Adulthood. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092114. [PMID: 31491968 PMCID: PMC6770256 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinct environmental insults might interact with fructose consumption and contribute to the development of metabolic disorders. To address whether in utero glucocorticoid exposure and fructose intake modulate metabolic responses, adult female Wistar rats were exposed to dexamethasone (DEX) during pregnancy, and the offspring were administered fructose at a later time. Briefly, dams received DEX during the third period of pregnancy, while control dams remained untreated. Offspring born to control and DEX-treated mothers were defined as CTL-off and DEX-off, respectively, while untreated animals were designated CTL-off-CTL and DEX-off-CTL. CLT-off and DEX-off treated with 10% fructose in the drinking water for 8 weeks are referred to as CTL-off-FRU and DEX-off-FRU. We found that fructose promoted glucose intolerance and whole-body gluconeogenesis in both CTL-off-FRU and DEX-off-FRU animals. On the other hand, hepatic lipid accumulation was significantly stimulated in DEX-off-FRU rats when compared to the CTL-off-FRU group. The DEX-off-FRU group also displayed impaired very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) production and reduced hepatic expression of apoB, mttp, and sec22b. DEX-off-FRU has lower hepatic levels of autophagy markers. Taken together, our results support the unprecedented notion that in utero glucocorticoid exposure exacerbates hepatic steatosis caused by fructose consumption later in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanyara B Payolla
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Caio J Teixeira
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Fabio T Sato
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Gilson M Murata
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Gizela A Zonta
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Frhancielly S Sodré
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Carolina V Campos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Filiphe N Mesquita
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Gabriel F Anhê
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Silvana Bordin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Seo EH, Kim H, Kwon O. Association between Total Sugar Intake and Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged Korean Men and Women. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2042. [PMID: 31480603 PMCID: PMC6769797 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence emerging that suggests high sugar intake may adversely increase the incidence of chronic diseases. However, there are only a few related studies in Korea. Based on the current Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans, this study examined whether total sugar intake above 20% of the total energy was a risk factor for metabolic syndrome in middle-aged Korean adults. This cross-sectional study involved 7005 adults (3751 men and 3254 women) aged 40-69 years, who participated in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES), a large community-based cohort study. Daily total sugar intake was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. About 9% and 16% of the men and women, respectively, derived >20% of energy intake from total sugar. The males in this category had a significantly higher odds of obesity defined as having a BMI ≥ 25 (OR = 1.491, 95% CI = 1.162-1.914), low HDL-cholesterol (OR = 1.313, 95% CI = 1.038-1.660), and metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.332, 95% CI = 1.038-1.709) than those who received a lower proportion of energy intake from total sugar. These results suggest that high (>20%) energy intake from total sugar may be associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged Korean men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ha Seo
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Science, The Graduate School of Clinical Health Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Hyesook Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Oran Kwon
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Science, The Graduate School of Clinical Health Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea.
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Yang Q, Kraft M, Shen Y, MacFie H, Ford R. Sweet Liking Status and PROP Taster Status impact emotional response to sweetened beverage. Food Qual Prefer 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
96
|
Khawaja AH, Qassim S, Hassan NA, Arafa ESA. Added sugar: Nutritional knowledge and consumption pattern of a principal driver of obesity and diabetes among undergraduates in UAE. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:2579-2584. [PMID: 31405679 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, youth intake of added sugar has been growing. The incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has risen dramatically in parallel with these changes. Excess added sugar is a key risk factor for weight gain and T2DM in many cohort studies. The current study was implemented to examine the nutritional knowledge, attitude and practice pattern among UAE undergraduates. METHOD Random sampling was used to approach 400 undergraduate students from UAE. The data analysis was performed by using SPSS version 24. A correlation analysis was performed using Pearson and Spearman correlation tests. Statistical analysis was conducted using Chi-square test, T-test, and Kruskal Wallis test. RESULTS Added sugar consumption is widely prevalent among university students in UAE. Only 19% of the enrolled sample scored high nutritional knowledge level and 56% of the students were considered heavy consumers. White sugar was the preferred added sweeteners among 90% of the sample. CONCLUSION Our study outcomes recommend that strategies that can successfully reduce added sugar might be a significant stage concerning reversing the devastating escalating trends in diabetes, obesity, and promoting health of all populations in UAE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amal H Khawaja
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sundos Qassim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nageeb Agm Hassan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - El-Shaimaa A Arafa
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Meat Analogs from Different Protein Sources: A Comparison of Their Sustainability and Nutritional Content. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11123231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Meat analogs are processed foods designed to mimic meat products. Their popularity is increasing among people seeking foods that are healthy and sustainable. Animal-sourced protein products differ in both their environmental impact and nutritional composition. The protein sources to produce meat analogs come from different plants. There is a lack of published research data assessing differences in these two aspects of meat analogs according to the plant protein source. This study compared the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of different types of meat analogs according to their main source of protein (wheat, soy, wheat and soy, or nuts), and their nutritional composition. We also compared totally plant-based products with those containing egg. We performed life cycle analyses of 56 meat analogs from ingredient production to the final commercial product. The nutrient profile of the meat analogs was analyzed based on ingredients. Descriptive statistics and differences between means were assessed through t-test and ANOVA. No differences in GHG emissions were observed among products with different major sources of protein. However, egg-containing products produced significantly higher amounts of GHG (p < 0.05). The nutritional composition of all meat analogs was found to be quite similar. Altogether, total plant-based meat analogs should be the choice for the sake of the environment.
Collapse
|
98
|
Fernandez ML. Plant-Based Diet Quality is Associated with Changes in Plasma Adiposity Biomarker Concentrations in Women. J Nutr 2019; 149:551-552. [PMID: 30938778 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
|
99
|
Hannon BA, Thompson SV, Edwards CG, Skinner SK, Niemiro GM, Burd NA, Holscher HD, Teran-Garcia M, Khan NA. Dietary Fiber Is Independently Related to Blood Triglycerides Among Adults with Overweight and Obesity. Curr Dev Nutr 2019; 3:nzy094. [PMID: 30820489 PMCID: PMC6389638 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzy094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of visceral adiposity-related risk factors, affects approximately 35% of the United States population. Although improvement in diet quality is an important approach to reducing MetS risk, the role of particular dietary components remains unclear, especially among younger adults. Individual dietary components have been implicated in ameliorating or exacerbating MetS risk; however, the extent to which these factors contribute to MetS prevention has received little attention. OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study aimed to assess relations between diet and individual MetS components in young to middle-aged adults who are overweight and/or obese. METHODS Participants aged 25-45 y (N = 117) with overweight and obesity, but no other diagnosed metabolic disease, recorded dietary intake over 7 d. MetS components (waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose, triglycerides [TGs], and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL]) were measured. Visceral adipose tissue was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Linear regression was used to assess relations between diet and MetS risk factors, adjusting for age, sex, and visceral adipose tissue. RESULTS MetS prevalence in this sample was 32%. Energy-adjusted total fiber intake (β = -0.21, P = 0.02) was inversely associated with TG concentrations. No significant relations were observed between other dietary factors and MetS components. These findings indicate that among MetS components, TG concentrations are potentially sensitive to fiber consumption. CONCLUSIONS These results provide cross-sectional evidence supporting the protective influence of dietary fiber on MetS components among young to middle-aged adults. Additional, well-designed clinical trials are needed to assess the causal relations between various types of dietary fiber and metabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bridget A Hannon
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Sharon V Thompson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Caitlyn G Edwards
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Sarah K Skinner
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Grace M Niemiro
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Nicholas A Burd
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Hannah D Holscher
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Margarita Teran-Garcia
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Naiman A Khan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Xia K, Zhong X, Zhang L, Wang J. Optimization of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Diseases Based on Association Analysis Under the Background of Regional Integration. J Med Syst 2019; 43:46. [PMID: 30661117 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-019-1169-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve medical quality, shorten hospital stays, and reduce redundant treatment, an optimization of diagnosis and treatment of chronic diseases based on association analysis under the background of regional integration in the paper was proposed, which was to expand the scope of application of the clinical pathway standard diagnosis and treatment program in the context of regional medical integration and mass medical data, so that it had a larger group of patients within the region. In the context of regional medical integration, owing to the types of medical data were diverse, the preprocessing requirements and process specifications for diagnosis and treatment data were firstly proposed. At the stage of diagnosis and treatment unit optimization, the correlation between clinical behaviors was analyzed by using association rules of the FP-growth and Apriori algorithm. Through the optimization and combination of diagnosis and treatment units, the optimized clinical pathway was finally achieved. Experiments showed that after the optimization strategy by the paper proposed, the clinical path diagnosis and treatment achieved obvious improvement in medical quality under the condition that the medical cost was basically flat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaijian Xia
- Changshu No.1 People's Hospital, Jiangsu, 215500, Changshu, China.
| | - Xiaowei Zhong
- Changshu City Health and Family Planning Commission, Jiangsu, 215500, Changshu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Changshu No.1 People's Hospital, Jiangsu, 215500, Changshu, China
| | - Jianqiang Wang
- Changshu No.1 People's Hospital, Jiangsu, 215500, Changshu, China
| |
Collapse
|