51
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Zarantonello A, Presumey J, Simoni L, Yalcin E, Fox R, Hansen A, Olesen HG, Thiel S, Johnson MB, Stevens B, Laursen NS, Carroll MC, Andersen GR. An Ultrahigh-Affinity Complement C4b-Specific Nanobody Inhibits In Vivo Assembly of the Classical Pathway Proconvertase. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:1678-1694. [PMID: 32769120 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The classical and lectin pathways of the complement system are important for the elimination of pathogens and apoptotic cells and stimulation of the adaptive immune system. Upon activation of these pathways, complement component C4 is proteolytically cleaved, and the major product C4b is deposited on the activator, enabling assembly of a C3 convertase and downstream alternative pathway amplification. Although excessive activation of the lectin and classical pathways contributes to multiple autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and overexpression of a C4 isoform has recently been linked to schizophrenia, a C4 inhibitor and structural characterization of the convertase formed by C4b is lacking. In this study, we present the nanobody hC4Nb8 that binds with picomolar affinity to human C4b and potently inhibits in vitro complement C3 deposition through the classical and lectin pathways in human serum and in mouse serum. The crystal structure of the C4b:hC4Nb8 complex and a three-dimensional reconstruction of the C4bC2 proconvertase obtained by electron microscopy together rationalize how hC4Nb8 prevents proconvertase assembly through recognition of a neoepitope exposed in C4b and reveals a unique C2 conformation compared with the alternative pathway proconvertase. On human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons, the nanobody prevents C3 deposition through the classical pathway. Furthermore, hC4Nb8 inhibits the classical pathway-mediated immune complex delivery to follicular dendritic cells in vivo. The hC4Nb8 represents a novel ultrahigh-affinity inhibitor of the classical and lectin pathways of the complement cascade under both in vitro and in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessy Presumey
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Léa Simoni
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Esra Yalcin
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Rachel Fox
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Annette Hansen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Heidi Gytz Olesen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Matthew B Johnson
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Beth Stevens
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.,F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Nick Stub Laursen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael C Carroll
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Gregers R Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
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52
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Tubbs JD, Ding J, Baum L, Sham PC. Immune dysregulation in depression: Evidence from genome-wide association. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 7:100108. [PMID: 34589869 PMCID: PMC8474691 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A strong body of evidence supports a role for immune dysregulation across many psychiatric disorders including depression, the leading cause of global disability. Recent progress in the search for genetic variants associated with depression provides the opportunity to strengthen our current understanding of etiological factors contributing to depression and generate novel hypotheses. Here, we provide an overview of the literature demonstrating a role for immune dysregulation in depression, followed by a detailed discussion of the immune-related genes identified by the most recent genome-wide meta-analysis of depression. These genes represent strong evidence-based targets for future basic and translational research which aims to understand the role of the immune system in depression pathology and identify novel points for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D. Tubbs
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jiahong Ding
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Larry Baum
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Pak C. Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Centre for PanorOmic Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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53
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Crippa M, Malatesta P, Bonati MT, Trapasso F, Fortunato F, Annesi G, Larizza L, Labate A, Finelli P, Perrotti N, Gambardella A. A familial t(4;8) translocation segregates with epilepsy and migraine with aura. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:855-859. [PMID: 32315120 PMCID: PMC7261755 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Three relatives carrying a t(4;8)(p15.2;p23.2) translocation had juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, self‐limited photosensitive occipital epilepsy and migraine with aura. The t(4;8) translocation interrupted the coding sequence of CSMD1 gene and occurred immediately to the 3’UTR of STIM2 gene. STIM2 was overexpressed in the patient carrying the unbalanced translocation, and all three individuals had a single functional copy of CSMD1. Array CGH study disclosed that these three individuals also carried a deletion at 5q12.3 that involves the RGS7BP gene. The overall results favor the view that CSMD1, STIM2, and RGS7BP genes could contribute to epilepsy and migraine phenotypes in our family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Crippa
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Malatesta
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Bonati
- Clinic of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Trapasso
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Grazia Annesi
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lidia Larizza
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Labate
- Institute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Palma Finelli
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Perrotti
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Gambardella
- Institute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, Catanzaro, Italy
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54
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Magdalon J, Mansur F, Teles E Silva AL, de Goes VA, Reiner O, Sertié AL. Complement System in Brain Architecture and Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:23. [PMID: 32116493 PMCID: PMC7015047 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Current evidence indicates that certain immune molecules such as components of the complement system are directly involved in neurobiological processes related to brain development, including neurogenesis, neuronal migration, synaptic remodeling, and response to prenatal or early postnatal brain insults. Consequently, complement system dysfunction has been increasingly implicated in disorders of neurodevelopmental origin, such as schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Rett syndrome. However, the mechanistic evidence for a causal relationship between impaired complement regulation and these disorders varies depending on the disease involved. Also, it is still unclear to what extent altered complement expression plays a role in these disorders through inflammation-independent or -dependent mechanisms. Furthermore, pathogenic mutations in specific complement components have been implicated in the etiology of 3MC syndrome, a rare autosomal recessive developmental disorder. The aims of this review are to discuss the current knowledge on the roles of the complement system in sculpting brain architecture and function during normal development as well as after specific inflammatory insults, such as maternal immune activation (MIA) during pregnancy, and to evaluate the existing evidence associating aberrant complement with developmental brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Magdalon
- Center for Experimental Research, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Medicine, Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Mansur
- Center for Experimental Research, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Teles E Silva
- Center for Experimental Research, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor Abreu de Goes
- Center for Experimental Research, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Medicine, Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Orly Reiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Andréa Laurato Sertié
- Center for Experimental Research, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
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55
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Zhang Y, Li M, Wang Q, Hsu JS, Deng W, Ma X, Ni P, Zhao L, Tian Y, Sham PC, Li T. A joint study of whole exome sequencing and structural MRI analysis in major depressive disorder. Psychol Med 2020; 50:384-395. [PMID: 30722798 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719000072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide and influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Genetic studies of MDD have focused on common variants and have been constrained by the heterogeneity of clinical symptoms. METHODS We sequenced the exome of 77 cases and 245 controls of Han Chinese ancestry and scanned their brain. Burden tests of rare variants were performed first to explore the association between genes/pathways and MDD. Secondly, parallel Independent Component Analysis was conducted to investigate genetic underpinnings of gray matter volume (GMV) changes of MDD. RESULTS Two genes (CSMD1, p = 5.32×10-6; CNTNAP5, p = 1.32×10-6) and one pathway (Neuroactive Ligand Receptor Interactive, p = 1.29×10-5) achieved significance in burden test. In addition, we identified one pair of imaging-genetic components of significant correlation (r = 0.38, p = 9.92×10-6). The imaging component reflected decreased GMV in cases and correlated with intelligence quotient (IQ). IQ mediated the effects of GMV on MDD. The genetic component enriched in two gene sets, namely Singling by G-protein coupled receptors [false discovery rate (FDR) q = 3.23×10-4) and Alzheimer Disease Up (FDR q = 6.12×10-4). CONCLUSIONS Both rare variants analysis and imaging-genetic analysis found evidence corresponding with the neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity hypotheses of MDD. The mediation of IQ indicates that genetic component may act on MDD through GMV alteration and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Zhang
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingli Li
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jacob Shujui Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peiyan Ni
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liansheng Zhao
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Tian
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Pak Chung Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Li
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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56
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Woo JJ, Pouget JG, Zai CC, Kennedy JL. The complement system in schizophrenia: where are we now and what's next? Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:114-130. [PMID: 31439935 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0479-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The complement system is a set of immune proteins involved in first-line defense against pathogens and removal of waste materials. Recent evidence has implicated the complement cascade in diseases involving the central nervous system, including schizophrenia. Here, we provide an up-to-date narrative review and critique of the literature on the relationship between schizophrenia and complement gene polymorphisms, gene expression, protein concentration, and pathway activity. A literature search identified 23 new studies since the first review on this topic in 2008. Overall complement pathway activity appears to be elevated in schizophrenia. Recent studies have identified complement component 4 (C4) and CUB and Sushi Multiple Domains 1 (CSMD1) as potential genetic markers of schizophrenia. In particular, there is some evidence of higher rates of C4B/C4S deficiency, reduced peripheral C4B concentration, and elevated brain C4A mRNA expression in schizophrenia patients compared to controls. To better elucidate the additive effects of multiple complement genotypes, we also conducted gene- and gene-set analysis through MAGMA which supported the role of Human Leukocyte Antigen class (HLA) III genes and, to a lesser extent, CSMD1 in schizophrenia; however, the HLA-schizophrenia association was likely driven by the C4 gene. Lastly, we identified several limitations of the literature on the complement system and schizophrenia, including: small sample sizes, inconsistent methodologies, limited measurements of neural concentrations of complement proteins, little exploration of the link between complement and schizophrenia phenotype, and lack of studies exploring schizophrenia treatment response. Overall, recent findings highlight complement components-in particular, C4 and CSMD1-as potential novel drug targets in schizophrenia. Given the growing availability of complement-targeted therapies, future clinical studies evaluating their efficacy in schizophrenia hold the potential to accelerate treatment advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia J Woo
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Jennie G Pouget
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Clement C Zai
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - James L Kennedy
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
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57
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JACKSON KAYLAC, SUN KATHERINE, BARBOUR CHRISTOPHER, HERNANDEZ DENA, KOSA PETER, TANIGAWA MAKOTO, WEIDEMAN ANNMARIE, BIELEKOVA BIBIANA. Genetic model of MS severity predicts future accumulation of disability. Ann Hum Genet 2020; 84:1-10. [PMID: 31396954 PMCID: PMC6898742 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
No genetic modifiers of multiple sclerosis (MS) severity have been independently validated, leading to a lack of insight into genetic determinants of the rate of disability progression. We investigated genetic modifiers of MS severity in prospectively acquired training (N = 205) and validation (N = 94) cohorts, using the following advances: (1) We focused on 113 genetic variants previously identified as related to MS severity; (2) We used a novel, sensitive outcome: MS Disease Severity Scale (MS-DSS); (3) Instead of validating individual alleles, we used a machine learning technique (random forest) that captures linear and complex nonlinear effects between alleles to derive a single Genetic Model of MS Severity (GeM-MSS). The GeM-MSS consists of 19 variants located in vicinity of 12 genes implicated in regulating cytotoxicity of immune cells, complement activation, neuronal functions, and fibrosis. GeM-MSS correlates with MS-DSS (r = 0.214; p = 0.043) in a validation cohort that was not used in the modeling steps. The recognized biology identifies novel therapeutic targets for inhibiting MS disability progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- KAYLA C. JACKSON
- Neuroimmunological Diseases Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - KATHERINE SUN
- Neuroimmunological Diseases Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - CHRISTOPHER BARBOUR
- Neuroimmunological Diseases Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
| | - DENA HERNANDEZ
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute of Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - PETER KOSA
- Neuroimmunological Diseases Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - MAKOTO TANIGAWA
- Neuroimmunological Diseases Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - ANN MARIE WEIDEMAN
- Neuroimmunological Diseases Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - BIBIANA BIELEKOVA
- Neuroimmunological Diseases Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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58
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Lee AS, Rusch J, Lima AC, Usmani A, Huang N, Lepamets M, Vigh-Conrad KA, Worthington RE, Mägi R, Wu X, Aston KI, Atkinson JP, Carrell DT, Hess RA, O'Bryan MK, Conrad DF. Rare mutations in the complement regulatory gene CSMD1 are associated with male and female infertility. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4626. [PMID: 31604923 PMCID: PMC6789153 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12522-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility in men and women is a complex genetic trait with shared biological bases between the sexes. Here, we perform a series of rare variant analyses across 73,185 women and men to identify genes that contribute to primary gonadal dysfunction. We report CSMD1, a complement regulatory protein on chromosome 8p23, as a strong candidate locus in both sexes. We show that CSMD1 is enriched at the germ-cell/somatic-cell interface in both male and female gonads. Csmd1-knockout males show increased rates of infertility with significantly increased complement C3 protein deposition in the testes, accompanied by severe histological degeneration. Knockout females show significant reduction in ovarian quality and breeding success, as well as mammary branching impairment. Double knockout of Csmd1 and C3 causes non-additive reduction in breeding success, suggesting that CSMD1 and the complement pathway play an important role in the normal postnatal development of the gonads in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur S Lee
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jannette Rusch
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ana C Lima
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Abul Usmani
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ni Huang
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Maarja Lepamets
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Katinka A Vigh-Conrad
- Oregon National Primate Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Ronald E Worthington
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL, 62025, USA
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Xiaobo Wu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kenneth I Aston
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - John P Atkinson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Douglas T Carrell
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Rex A Hess
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61802, USA
| | - Moira K O'Bryan
- The School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Donald F Conrad
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Oregon National Primate Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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59
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Cunningham PN, Wang Z, Grove ML, Cooper-DeHoff RM, Beitelshees AL, Gong Y, Gums JG, Johnson JA, Turner ST, Boerwinkle E, Chapman AB. Hypertensive APOL1 risk allele carriers demonstrate greater blood pressure reduction with angiotensin receptor blockade compared to low risk carriers. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221957. [PMID: 31532792 PMCID: PMC6750571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension (HTN) disproportionately affects African Americans (AAs), who respond better to thiazide diuretics than other antihypertensives. Variants of the APOL1 gene found in AAs are associated with a higher rate of kidney disease and play a complex role in cardiovascular disease. Methods AA subjects from four HTN trials (n = 961) (GERA1, GERA2, PEAR1, and PEAR2) were evaluated for blood pressure (BP) response based on APOL1 genotype after 4–9 weeks of monotherapy with thiazides, beta blockers, or candesartan. APOL1 G1 and G2 variants were determined by direct sequencing or imputation. Results Baseline systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) levels did not differ based on APOL1 genotype. Subjects with 1–2 APOL1 risk alleles had a greater SBP response to candesartan (-12.2 +/- 1.2 vs -7.5 +/- 1.8 mmHg, p = 0.03; GERA2), and a greater decline in albuminuria with candesartan (-8.3 +/- 3.1 vs +3.7 +/- 4.3 mg/day, p = 0.02). APOL1 genotype did not associate with BP response to thiazides or beta blockers. GWAS was performed to determine associations with BP response to candesartan depending on APOL1 genotype. While no SNPs reached genome wide significance, SNP rs10113352, intronic in CSMD1, predicted greater office SBP response to candesartan (p = 3.7 x 10−7) in those with 1–2 risk alleles, while SNP rs286856, intronic in DPP6, predicted greater office SBP response (p = 3.2 x 10−7) in those with 0 risk alleles. Conclusions Hypertensive AAs without overt kidney disease who carry 1 or more APOL1 risk variants have a greater BP and albuminuria reduction in response to candesartan therapy. BP response to thiazides or beta blockers did not differ by APOL1 genotype. Future studies confirming this initial finding in an independent cohort are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick N. Cunningham
- Section of Nephrology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhiying Wang
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Megan L. Grove
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rhonda M. Cooper-DeHoff
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Amber L. Beitelshees
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Division, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - John G. Gums
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Julie A. Johnson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Stephen T. Turner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Baylor College of Medicine, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Arlene B. Chapman
- Section of Nephrology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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Holland JF, Cosgrove D, Whitton L, Harold D, Corvin A, Gill M, Mothersill DO, Morris DW, Donohoe G. Beyond C4: Analysis of the complement gene pathway shows enrichment for IQ in patients with psychotic disorders and healthy controls. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2019; 18:e12602. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica F. Holland
- Cognitive Genetics & Cognitive Therapy Group, The Center for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), School of Psychology and Discipline of BiochemistryNational University of Ireland Galway Galway Ireland
| | - Donna Cosgrove
- Cognitive Genetics & Cognitive Therapy Group, The Center for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), School of Psychology and Discipline of BiochemistryNational University of Ireland Galway Galway Ireland
| | - Laura Whitton
- Cognitive Genetics & Cognitive Therapy Group, The Center for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), School of Psychology and Discipline of BiochemistryNational University of Ireland Galway Galway Ireland
| | - Denise Harold
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular MedicineTrinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- School of BiotechnologyDublin City University Dublin Ireland
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular MedicineTrinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Michael Gill
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular MedicineTrinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - David O. Mothersill
- Cognitive Genetics & Cognitive Therapy Group, The Center for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), School of Psychology and Discipline of BiochemistryNational University of Ireland Galway Galway Ireland
| | - Derek W. Morris
- Cognitive Genetics & Cognitive Therapy Group, The Center for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), School of Psychology and Discipline of BiochemistryNational University of Ireland Galway Galway Ireland
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Cognitive Genetics & Cognitive Therapy Group, The Center for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), School of Psychology and Discipline of BiochemistryNational University of Ireland Galway Galway Ireland
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Stapleton CP, Heinzel A, Guan W, van der Most PJ, van Setten J, Lord GM, Keating BJ, Israni AK, de Borst MH, Bakker SJ, Snieder H, Weale ME, Delaney F, Hernandez‐Fuentes MP, Reindl-Schwaighofer R, Oberbauer R, Jacobson PA, Mark PB, Chapman FA, Phelan PJ, Kennedy C, Sexton D, Murray S, Jardine A, Traynor JP, McKnight AJ, Maxwell AP, Smyth LJ, Oetting WS, Matas AJ, Mannon RB, Schladt DP, Iklé DN, Cavalleri GL, Conlon PJ. The impact of donor and recipient common clinical and genetic variation on estimated glomerular filtration rate in a European renal transplant population. Am J Transplant 2019; 19:2262-2273. [PMID: 30920136 PMCID: PMC6989089 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variation across the human leukocyte antigen loci is known to influence renal-transplant outcome. However, the impact of genetic variation beyond the human leukocyte antigen loci is less clear. We tested the association of common genetic variation and clinical characteristics, from both the donor and recipient, with posttransplant eGFR at different time-points, out to 5 years posttransplantation. We conducted GWAS meta-analyses across 10 844 donors and recipients from five European ancestry cohorts. We also analyzed the impact of polygenic risk scores (PRS), calculated using genetic variants associated with nontransplant eGFR, on posttransplant eGFR. PRS calculated using the recipient genotype alone, as well as combined donor and recipient genotypes were significantly associated with eGFR at 1-year posttransplant. Thirty-two percent of the variability in eGFR at 1-year posttransplant was explained by our model containing clinical covariates (including weights for death/graft-failure), principal components and combined donor-recipient PRS, with 0.3% contributed by the PRS. No individual genetic variant was significantly associated with eGFR posttransplant in the GWAS. This is the first study to examine PRS, composed of variants that impact kidney function in the general population, in a posttransplant context. Despite PRS being a significant predictor of eGFR posttransplant, the effect size of common genetic factors is limited compared to clinical variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caragh P. Stapleton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andreas Heinzel
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Weihua Guan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter J. van der Most
- Departments of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica van Setten
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Graham M. Lord
- King’s College London, MRC Centre for Transplantation, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St Thomas’, NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Brendan J. Keating
- Department of Surgery, Penn Transplant Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ajay K. Israni
- Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Martin H. de Borst
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan J.L. Bakker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- Departments of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael E. Weale
- Division of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Florence Delaney
- King’s College London, MRC Centre for Transplantation, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St Thomas’, NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - Roman Reindl-Schwaighofer
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Oberbauer
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pamala A. Jacobson
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Patrick B. Mark
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Fiona A. Chapman
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Paul J. Phelan
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, UK
| | - Claire Kennedy
- Department of Nephrology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Donal Sexton
- Department of Nephrology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Susan Murray
- Department of Nephrology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alan Jardine
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Jamie P. Traynor
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Laura J. Smyth
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - William S. Oetting
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Arthur J. Matas
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Roslyn B. Mannon
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gianpiero L. Cavalleri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter J. Conlon
- Department of Nephrology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Prata DP, Costa-Neves B, Cosme G, Vassos E. Unravelling the genetic basis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with GWAS: A systematic review. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 114:178-207. [PMID: 31096178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically review findings of GWAS in schizophrenia (SZ) and in bipolar disorder (BD); and to interpret findings, with a focus on identifying independent replications. METHOD PubMed search, selection and review of all independent GWAS in SZ or BD, published since March 2011, i.e. studies using non-overlapping samples within each article, between articles, and with those of the previous review (Li et al., 2012). RESULTS From the 22 GWAS included in this review, the genetic associations surviving standard GWAS-significance were for genetic markers in the regions of ACSL3/KCNE4, ADCY2, AMBRA1, ANK3, BRP44, DTL, FBLN1, HHAT, INTS7, LOC392301, LOC645434/NMBR, LOC729457, LRRFIP1, LSM1, MDM1, MHC, MIR2113/POU3F2, NDST3, NKAPL, ODZ4, PGBD1, RENBP, TRANK1, TSPAN18, TWIST2, UGT1A1/HJURP, WHSC1L1/FGFR1 and ZKSCAN4. All genes implicated across both reviews are discussed in terms of their function and implication in neuropsychiatry. CONCLUSION Taking all GWAS to date into account, AMBRA1, ANK3, ARNTL, CDH13, EFHD1 (albeit with different alleles), MHC, PLXNA2 and UGT1A1 have been implicated in either disorder in at least two reportedly non-overlapping samples. Additionally, evidence for a SZ/BD common genetic basis is most strongly supported by the implication of ANK3, NDST3, and PLXNA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana P Prata
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, UK; Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Bernardo Costa-Neves
- Lisbon Medical School, University of Lisbon, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal; Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa, Av. do Brasil, 53 1749-002, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Cosme
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Evangelos Vassos
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, UK
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63
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Suzuki TA, Phifer-Rixey M, Mack KL, Sheehan MJ, Lin D, Bi K, Nachman MW. Host genetic determinants of the gut microbiota of wild mice. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:3197-3207. [PMID: 31141224 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Identifying a common set of genes that mediate host-microbial interactions across populations and species of mammals has broad relevance for human health and animal biology. However, the genetic basis of the gut microbial composition in natural populations remains largely unknown outside of humans. Here, we used wild house mouse populations as a model system to ask three major questions: (a) Does host genetic relatedness explain interindividual variation in gut microbial composition? (b) Do population differences in the microbiota persist in a common environment? (c) What are the host genes associated with microbial richness and the relative abundance of bacterial genera? We found that host genetic distance is a strong predictor of the gut microbial composition as characterized by 16S amplicon sequencing. Using a common garden approach, we then identified differences in microbial composition between populations that persisted in a shared laboratory environment. Finally, we used exome sequencing to associate host genetic variants with microbial diversity and relative abundance of microbial taxa in wild mice. We identified 20 genes that were associated with microbial diversity or abundance including a macrophage-derived cytokine (IL12a) that contained three nonsynonymous mutations. Surprisingly, we found a significant overrepresentation of candidate genes that were previously associated with microbial measurements in humans. The homologous genes that overlapped between wild mice and humans included genes that have been associated with traits related to host immunity and obesity in humans. Gene-bacteria associations identified in both humans and wild mice suggest some commonality to the host genetic determinants of gut microbial composition across mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi A Suzuki
- Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Megan Phifer-Rixey
- Department of Biology, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, New Jersey, USA
| | - Katya L Mack
- Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Michael J Sheehan
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Dana Lin
- Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Ke Bi
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Michael W Nachman
- Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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Novel MED12 variant in a multiplex Fragile X syndrome family: dual molecular etiology of two X-linked intellectual disabilities with autism in the same family. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:4185-4193. [PMID: 31098807 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04869-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Studies of X-linked pedigrees were the first to identify genes implicated in intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, some pedigrees present a huge clinical variability between the affected members. This intrafamilial heterogeneity may be due to cooccurrence of two disorders. In the present study, we describe a multiplex X-linked pedigree in which three siblings have ID, ASD and dysmorphic features but with variable severity. Through Fragile X syndrome test, we identified the full FMR1 mutation in only two males. Whole exome sequencing allowed us to identify a novel hemizygous variant (p.Gln2080_Gln2083del) in MED12 gene in two males. So, the first patient has FXS, the second has both FMR1 and MED12 mutations while the third has only the MED12 variant. MED12 mutations are implicated in several forms of X-linked ID. Family segregation and genotype-phenotype-correlation were in favor of a cooccurrence of two forms of X-linked ID. Our work provides further evidence of the involvement of MED12 in XLID. Moreover, through these results, it is noteworthy to raise awareness that intrafamilial heterogeneity in FXS multiplex families could result from the cooccurrence of multiple clinical entities involving at least two separate genetic loci. This should be taken into consideration for genetic testing and counselling in patients/families with atypical disease symptoms.
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65
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Liu Y, Fu X, Tang Z, Li C, Xu Y, Zhang F, Zhou D, Zhu C. Altered expression of the CSMD1 gene in the peripheral blood of schizophrenia patients. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:113. [PMID: 30987620 PMCID: PMC6466712 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a heritable, refractory, and devastating psychiatric disorder. Previous studies have shown that the variants of CUB and sushi multiple domains 1 (CSMD1) demonstrate significant genome-wide association with SCZ. However, few studies have been conducted on the effect of antipsychotics on the expression levels of CSMD1. This study explored whether a change occurs in the expression of the CSMD1 gene before and after antipsychotic treatment in SCZ patients. METHODS The study population comprised Han Chinese patients from eastern China, including 32 SCZ patients and 48 healthy controls. The expression of CSMD1 before and after treatment in the SCZ group and between the two groups was analyzed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS The expression levels of the CSMD1 gene in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of SCZ patients were lower than those in the healthy controls. The expression levels of the CSMD1 gene in the PBMCs of the SCZ patients after antipsychotic treatment were higher than those in the baseline SCZ patients (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that the expression levels of CSMD1 are correlated with the development and treatment of SCZ, providing further evidence for the involvement of CSMD1 in SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Liu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215137, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoqian Fu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215137, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Tang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215137, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cui Li
- Department of Psychology, Xinghua People's Hospital, Xinghua, 225700, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Clinical Medical College/First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fuquan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, 156 Qianrong Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214151, China
| | - Deyi Zhou
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, 156 Qianrong Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214151, China.
| | - Chunming Zhu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, 156 Qianrong Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214151, China.
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66
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Porter T, Burnham SC, Savage G, Lim YY, Maruff P, Milicic L, Peretti M, Ames D, Masters CL, Martins RN, Rainey-Smith S, Rowe CC, Salvado O, Taddei K, Groth D, Verdile G, Villemagne VL, Laws SM. A Polygenic Risk Score Derived From Episodic Memory Weighted Genetic Variants Is Associated With Cognitive Decline in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:423. [PMID: 30620773 PMCID: PMC6305908 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of Alzheimer’s disease risk-weighted polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for cognitive performance have reported inconsistent associations. This inconsistency is particularly evident when PRSs are assessed independent of APOE genotype. As such, the development and assessment of phenotype-specific weightings to derive PRSs for cognitive decline in preclinical AD is warranted. To this end a episodic memory-weighted PRS (emPRS) was derived and assessed against decline in cognitive performance in 226 healthy cognitively normal older adults with high brain Aβ-amyloid burden participants from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study. The effect size for decline in a verbal episodic memory was determined individually for 27 genetic variants in a reference sample (n = 151). These were then summed to generate a emPRS either including APOE (emPRSc¯APOE) or excluding APOE (emPRSs¯APOE). Resultant emPRS were then evaluated, in a test sample (n = 75), against decline in global cognition, verbal episodic memory and a pre-Alzheimer’s cognitive composite (AIBL-PACC) over 7.5 years. The mean (SD) age of the 226 participants was 72.2 (6.6) years and 116 (51.3%) were female. Reference and test samples did not differ significantly demographically. Whilst no association of emPRSs were observed with baseline cognition, the emPRSc¯APOE was associated with longitudinal global cognition (-0.237, P = 0.0002), verbal episodic memory (-0.259, P = 0.00003) and the AIBL-PACC (-0.381, P = 0.02). The emPRSs¯APOE was also associated with global cognition (-0.169, P = 0.021) and verbal episodic memory (-0.208, P = 0.004). Stratification by APOE ε4 revealed that the association between the emPRS and verbal episodic memory was limited to carriage of no ε4 or one ε4 allele. This was also observed for global cognition. The emPRS and rates of decline in AIBL-PACC were associated in those carrying one ε4 allele. Overall, the described novel emPRS has utility for the prediction of decline in cognition in preclinical AD. This study provides evidence to support the further use and evaluation of phenotype weightings in PRS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenielle Porter
- Collaborative Genomics Group, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Samantha C Burnham
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Greg Savage
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Yen Ying Lim
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Maruff
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,CogState Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lidija Milicic
- Collaborative Genomics Group, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Madeline Peretti
- Collaborative Genomics Group, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - David Ames
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, St. Vincent's Health, The University of Melbourne, Kew, VIC, Australia.,National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ralph N Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Stephanie Rainey-Smith
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Christopher C Rowe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Kevin Taddei
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - David Groth
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Verdile
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon M Laws
- Collaborative Genomics Group, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
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Xie X, Yang Y, Ren Q, Ding X, Bao P, Yan B, Yan X, Han J, Yan P, Qiu Q. Accumulation of deleterious mutations in the domestic yak genome. Anim Genet 2018; 49:384-392. [DOI: 10.1111/age.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X. Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem; School of Life Sciences; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Y. Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem; School of Life Sciences; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Q. Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem; School of Life Sciences; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - X. Ding
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province; Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science; Lanzhou 730050 China
| | - P. Bao
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province; Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science; Lanzhou 730050 China
| | - B. Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem; School of Life Sciences; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - X. Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem; School of Life Sciences; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - J. Han
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem; School of Life Sciences; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - P. Yan
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province; Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science; Lanzhou 730050 China
| | - Q. Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem; School of Life Sciences; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 China
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Saeed M. Genomic convergence of locus-based GWAS meta-analysis identifies AXIN1 as a novel Parkinson's gene. Immunogenetics 2018; 70:563-570. [PMID: 29923028 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-018-1068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common, disabling neurodegenerative disorder with significant genetic underpinnings. Multiple genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been conducted with identification of several PD loci. However, these only explain about 25% of PD genetic risk indicating that additional loci of modest effect remain to be discovered. Association clustering methods such as gene-based tests are more powerful than single-variant analysis for identifying modest genetic effects. Combined with the locus-based algorithm, OASIS, the most significant association signals can be homed in. Here, two dbGAP GWAS datasets (7415 subjects (2750 PD and 4845 controls) genotyped for 0.78 million SNPs) were analyzed using combined clustering algorithms to identify 88 PD candidate genes in 24 loci. These were further investigated for gene expression in substantia nigra (SN) of PD and control subjects on GEO datasets. Expression differences were also assessed in normal brains SN versus white matter on BRAINEAC datasets. This genetic and functional analysis identified AXIN1, a key regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, as a novel PD gene. This finding links PD with inflammation. Other significantly associated genes were CSMD1, CLDN1, ZNF141, ZNF721, RHOT2, RICTOR, KANSL1, and ARHGAP27. Novel PD genes were identified using genomic convergence of gene-wide and locus-based tests and expression studies on archived datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saeed
- Consultant Rheumatology and Immunogenetics, ImmunoCure, Clinic and Lab, Suite 116, 1st Floor, The Plaza, 2-Talwar, Main Clifton Road, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Novel potential inhibitors of complement system and their roles in complement regulation and beyond. Mol Immunol 2018; 102:73-83. [PMID: 30217334 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The complement system resembles a double-edged sword since its activation can either benefit or harm the host. Thus, regulation of this system is of utmost importance and performed by several circulating and membrane-bound complement inhibitors. The pool of well-established regulators has recently been enriched with proteins that either share structural homology to known complement inhibitors such as Sushi domain-containing (SUSD) protein family and Human CUB and Sushi multiple domains (CSMD) families or extracellular matrix (ECM) macromolecules that interact with and modulate complement activity. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about newly discovered complement inhibitors and discuss their implications in complement regulation, as well as in processes beyond complement regulation such cancer development. Understanding the behavior of these proteins will introduce new mechanisms of complement regulation and may provide new avenues in the development of novel therapies.
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70
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Lenz KM, Nelson LH. Microglia and Beyond: Innate Immune Cells As Regulators of Brain Development and Behavioral Function. Front Immunol 2018; 9:698. [PMID: 29706957 PMCID: PMC5908908 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells play a well-documented role in the etiology and disease course of many brain-based conditions, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain and spinal cord injury, and brain cancers. In contrast, it is only recently becoming clear that innate immune cells, primarily brain resident macrophages called microglia, are also key regulators of brain development. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding microglia in brain development, with particular emphasis on how microglia during development are distinct from microglia later in life. We also summarize the effects of early life perturbations on microglia function in the developing brain, the role that biological sex plays in microglia function, and the potential role that microglia may play in developmental brain disorders. Finally, given how new the field of developmental neuroimmunology is, we highlight what has yet to be learned about how innate immune cells shape the development of brain and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Lenz
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Lars H Nelson
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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71
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Porter T, Villemagne VL, Savage G, Milicic L, Ying Lim Y, Maruff P, Masters CL, Ames D, Bush AI, Martins RN, Rainey-Smith S, Rowe CC, Taddei K, Groth D, Verdile G, Burnham SC, Laws SM. Cognitive gene risk profile for the prediction of cognitive decline in presymptomatic Alzheimer’s disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmip.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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72
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Gong S, Johnson MD, Dopierala J, Gaccioli F, Sovio U, Constância M, Smith GC, Charnock-Jones DS. Genome-wide oxidative bisulfite sequencing identifies sex-specific methylation differences in the human placenta. Epigenetics 2018; 13:228-239. [PMID: 29376485 PMCID: PMC5989156 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2018.1429857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is an important regulator of gene function. Fetal sex is associated with the risk of several specific pregnancy complications related to placental function. However, the association between fetal sex and placental DNA methylation remains poorly understood. We carried out whole-genome oxidative bisulfite sequencing in the placentas of two healthy female and two healthy male pregnancies generating an average genome depth of coverage of 25x. Most highly ranked differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were located on the X chromosome but we identified a 225 kb sex-specific DMR in the body of the CUB and Sushi Multiple Domains 1 (CSMD1) gene on chromosome 8. The sex-specific differential methylation pattern observed in this region was validated in additional placentas using in-solution target capture. In a new RNA-seq data set from 64 female and 67 male placentas, CSMD1 mRNA was 1.8-fold higher in male than in female placentas (P value = 8.5 × 10−7, Mann-Whitney test). Exon-level quantification of CSMD1 mRNA from these 131 placentas suggested a likely placenta-specific CSMD1 isoform not detected in the 21 somatic tissues analyzed. We show that the gene body of an autosomal gene, CSMD1, is differentially methylated in a sex- and placental-specific manner, displaying sex-specific differences in placental transcript abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungsam Gong
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , University of Cambridge, NIHR Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre , Cambridge , CB2 0SW , United Kingdom
| | - Michelle D Johnson
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , University of Cambridge, NIHR Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre , Cambridge , CB2 0SW , United Kingdom.,b Centre for Trophoblast Research (CTR), Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , CB2 3EG , United Kingdom
| | - Justyna Dopierala
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , University of Cambridge, NIHR Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre , Cambridge , CB2 0SW , United Kingdom.,b Centre for Trophoblast Research (CTR), Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , CB2 3EG , United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Gaccioli
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , University of Cambridge, NIHR Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre , Cambridge , CB2 0SW , United Kingdom.,b Centre for Trophoblast Research (CTR), Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , CB2 3EG , United Kingdom
| | - Ulla Sovio
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , University of Cambridge, NIHR Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre , Cambridge , CB2 0SW , United Kingdom.,b Centre for Trophoblast Research (CTR), Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , CB2 3EG , United Kingdom
| | - Miguel Constância
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , University of Cambridge, NIHR Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre , Cambridge , CB2 0SW , United Kingdom.,b Centre for Trophoblast Research (CTR), Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , CB2 3EG , United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Cs Smith
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , University of Cambridge, NIHR Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre , Cambridge , CB2 0SW , United Kingdom.,b Centre for Trophoblast Research (CTR), Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , CB2 3EG , United Kingdom
| | - D Stephen Charnock-Jones
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , University of Cambridge, NIHR Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre , Cambridge , CB2 0SW , United Kingdom.,b Centre for Trophoblast Research (CTR), Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , CB2 3EG , United Kingdom
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73
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The Role of Cell Adhesion Molecule Genes Regulating Neuroplasticity in Addiction. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:9803764. [PMID: 29675039 PMCID: PMC5838467 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9803764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of genetic approaches, including twin studies, linkage studies, and candidate gene studies, has established a firm genetic basis for addiction. However, there has been difficulty identifying the precise genes that underlie addiction liability using these approaches. This situation became especially clear in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of addiction. Moreover, the results of GWAS brought into clarity many of the shortcomings of those early genetic approaches. GWAS studies stripped away those preconceived notions, examining genes that would not previously have been considered in the study of addiction, consequently creating a shift in our understanding. Most importantly, those studies implicated a class of genes that had not previously been considered in the study of addiction genetics: cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). Considering the well-documented evidence supporting a role for various CAMs in synaptic plasticity, axonal growth, and regeneration, it is not surprising that allelic variation in CAM genes might also play a role in addiction liability. This review focuses on the role of various cell adhesion molecules in neuroplasticity that might contribute to addictive processes and emphasizes the importance of ongoing research on CAM genes that have been implicated in addiction by GWAS.
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74
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Li MF, Sun L. Characterization of a teleost membrane-associated protein that is involved in the regulation of complement activation and bacterial infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 79:142-149. [PMID: 29066398 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, membrane-associated complement regulatory proteins (MCRP) can protect host cells from the damaging of the activated complement. In teleost, few studies on the function of MCRP have been documented. In the present report, we identified a MCRP (named CsMCRP) from the teleost fish tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis and examined its immune function. CsMCRP shares moderate sequence identities with fish DAF-like molecules. CsMCRP was predicted to be a transmembrane protein with three short consensus repeats located in the extracellular region. CsMCRP expression occurred in nine different tissues, especially blood, and in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL). Recombinant CsMCRP inhibited complement activation and interacted with bacterial pathogen, the latter in a highly selective manner. Antibody blocking the CsMCRP on PBL significantly inhibited bacterial infection of PBL. These results indicate that teleost CsMCRP is both a regulator of complement activation and a cellular receptor involved in bacterial invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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75
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Amini-Nik S, Yousuf Y, Jeschke MG. Scar management in burn injuries using drug delivery and molecular signaling: Current treatments and future directions. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 123:135-154. [PMID: 28757325 PMCID: PMC5742037 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, there have been tremendous improvements in burn care that have allowed patients to survive severe burn injuries that were once fatal. However, a major limitation of burn care currently is the development of hypertrophic scars in approximately 70% of patients. This significantly decreases the quality of life for patients due to the physical and psychosocial symptoms associated with scarring. Current approaches to manage scarring include surgical techniques and non-surgical methods such as laser therapy, steroid injections, and compression therapy. These treatments are limited in their effectiveness and regularly fail to manage symptoms. As a result, the development of novel treatments that aim to improve outcomes and quality of life is imperative. Drug delivery that targets the molecular cascades of wound healing to attenuate or prevent hypertrophic scarring is a promising approach that has therapeutic potential. In this review, we discuss current treatments for scar management after burn injury, and how drug delivery targeting molecular signaling can lead to new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Amini-Nik
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Yusef Yousuf
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marc G Jeschke
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Ross-Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada.
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76
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Stepanov V, Marusin A, Vagaitseva K, Bocharova A, Makeeva O. Genetic Variants in CSMD1 Gene Are Associated with Cognitive Performance in Normal Elderly Population. GENETICS RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6293826. [PMID: 29379655 PMCID: PMC5742897 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6293826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recently, genetic markers rs10503253 and rs2616984 in the CUB and Sushi multiple domains-1 (CSMD1) gene have been reported to be associated with schizophrenia and cognitive functions in genome-wide association studies. We examined the associations of the above SNPs with cognitive performance evaluated by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) tool in a cohort of the normal elderly from the Russian population. Significant association of rs2616984 genotypes with the MoCA scores was found using nonparametric analysis. No association of rs10503253 with MoCA scores was observed using both parametric and nonparametric statistics. Significant combined effect of two-locus CSMD1 genotypes on MoCA scores was demonstrated by median test. Allele "A" and genotype "AA" of rs2616984 were significantly associated with the lower MoCA scores in comparison of 1st and 4th quartiles of MoCA total score distribution. The results suggest that genetic variants in CSMD1 gene are likely a part of genetic component of cognitive performance in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Stepanov
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Medical Research Center, Tomsk, Russia
- Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Andrey Marusin
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Medical Research Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Kseniya Vagaitseva
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Medical Research Center, Tomsk, Russia
- Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Anna Bocharova
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Medical Research Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Oksana Makeeva
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Medical Research Center, Tomsk, Russia
- Nebbiolo Center for Clinical Trials, Tomsk, Russia
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77
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Paparelli A, Iwata K, Wakuda T, Iyegbe C, Murray RM, Takei N. Perinatal Asphyxia in Rat Alters Expression of Novel Schizophrenia Risk Genes. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:341. [PMID: 29163023 PMCID: PMC5663725 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that obstetric complications, particularly those related to hypoxia during labor and delivery, are a risk factor for development of schizophrenia. The impact of perinatal asphyxia on postnatal life has been studied in a rodent model of global hypoxia, which is accompanied by cesarean section birth. This asphyxia model shows several behavioral, pharmacological, neurochemical, and neuroanatomical abnormalities in adulthood that have relevance to schizophrenia. Further, it is suggested that schizophrenia has a strong genetic component, and indeed novel candidate genes were recently identified by a genome-wide association study. Here, we examined alteration in the novel schizophrenia risk genes, CNNM2, CSMD1, and MMP16 in the brains of rats undergoing cesarean section with or without global hypoxia. The brain regions studied were the prefrontal cortex, striatum, and hippocampus, which are all relevant to schizophrenia. Risk gene expression was measured at three time periods: neonatal, adolescence, and adulthood. We also performed an in vitro analysis to determine involvement of these genes in CNS maturation during differentiation of human neuronal and glial cell lines. Cnnm2 expression was altered in the brains of asphyxia model rats. However, Csmd1 and Mmp16 showed altered expression by exposure to cesarean section only. These findings suggest that altered expression of these risk genes via asphyxia and cesarean section may be associated, albeit through distinct pathways, with the pathobiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Paparelli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Keiko Iwata
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.,Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Tomoyasu Wakuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Conrad Iyegbe
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nori Takei
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Neuropsychological Development and Health Sciences, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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78
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Shi S, Lin S, Chen B, Zhou Y. Isolated chromosome 8p23.2‑pter deletion: Novel evidence for developmental delay, intellectual disability, microcephaly and neurobehavioral disorders. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6837-6845. [PMID: 28901431 PMCID: PMC5865842 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study presents a patient carrying a de novo ~6 Mb deletion of the isolated chromosome 8p23.2-pter that was identified with a single-nucleotide polymorphism array. The patient was characterized by developmental delay (DD)/intellectual disability (ID), microcephaly, autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders and mildly dysmorphic features. The location, size and gene content of the deletion observed in this patient were compared with those in 7 patients with isolated 8p23.2 to 8pter deletions reported in previous studies (4 patients) or recorded in the Database of Chromosomal Imbalance and Phenotype in Humans Using Ensembl Resources (DECIPHER) database (3 patients). The deletions reported in previous studies were assessed using a chromosomal microarray analysis. The 8p23.2-pter deletion was a distinct microdeletion syndrome, as similar phenotypes were observed in patients with this deletion. Furthermore, following a detailed review of the potential associations between the genes located from 8p23.2 to 8pter and their clinical significance, it was hypothesized that DLG associated protein 2, ceroid-lipofuscinosis neuronal 8, Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 10 and CUB and sushi multiple domains 1 may be candidate genes for DD/ID, microcephaly and neurobehavioral disorders. However, firm evidence should be accumulated from high-resolution studies of patients with small, isolated, overlapping and interstitial deletions involving the region from 8p23.2 to 8pter. These studies will allow determination of genotype-phenotype associations for the specific genes crucial to 8p23.2-pter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Shi
- Fetal Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Shaobin Lin
- Fetal Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Baojiang Chen
- Fetal Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Fetal Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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79
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Ruiz-Martínez J, Azcona LJ, Bergareche A, Martí-Massó JF, Paisán-Ruiz C. Whole-exome sequencing associates novel CSMD1 gene mutations with familial Parkinson disease. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2017; 3:e177. [PMID: 28808687 PMCID: PMC5540655 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the enormous advancements made in deciphering the genetic architecture of Parkinson disease (PD), the majority of PD is idiopathic, with single gene mutations explaining only a small proportion of the cases. METHODS In this study, we clinically evaluated 2 unrelated Spanish families diagnosed with PD, in which known PD genes were previously excluded, and performed whole-exome sequencing analyses in affected individuals for disease gene identification. RESULTS Patients were diagnosed with typical PD without relevant distinctive symptoms. Two different novel mutations were identified in the CSMD1 gene. The CSMD1 gene, which encodes a complement control protein that is known to participate in the complement activation and inflammation in the developing CNS, was previously shown to be associated with the risk of PD in a genome-wide association study. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the CSMD1 mutations identified in this study might be responsible for the PD phenotype observed in our examined patients. This, along with previous reported studies, may suggest the complement pathway as an important therapeutic target for PD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ruiz-Martínez
- Department of Neurology (J.R.-M., A.B., J.F.M.-M.), University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Research Institute (J.R.-M., A.B., J.F.M.-M.), San Sebastián, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases Network (CIBERNED) (J.R.-M., A.B., J.F.M.-M.), Madrid, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (L.J.A.), Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences (C.P.-R.), Friedman Brain and Mindich Child Health and Development Institutes (C.P.-R.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; and Department of Neuroscience (J.F.M.-M.), University of the Basque Country-UPV-EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Luis J Azcona
- Department of Neurology (J.R.-M., A.B., J.F.M.-M.), University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Research Institute (J.R.-M., A.B., J.F.M.-M.), San Sebastián, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases Network (CIBERNED) (J.R.-M., A.B., J.F.M.-M.), Madrid, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (L.J.A.), Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences (C.P.-R.), Friedman Brain and Mindich Child Health and Development Institutes (C.P.-R.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; and Department of Neuroscience (J.F.M.-M.), University of the Basque Country-UPV-EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alberto Bergareche
- Department of Neurology (J.R.-M., A.B., J.F.M.-M.), University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Research Institute (J.R.-M., A.B., J.F.M.-M.), San Sebastián, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases Network (CIBERNED) (J.R.-M., A.B., J.F.M.-M.), Madrid, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (L.J.A.), Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences (C.P.-R.), Friedman Brain and Mindich Child Health and Development Institutes (C.P.-R.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; and Department of Neuroscience (J.F.M.-M.), University of the Basque Country-UPV-EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jose F Martí-Massó
- Department of Neurology (J.R.-M., A.B., J.F.M.-M.), University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Research Institute (J.R.-M., A.B., J.F.M.-M.), San Sebastián, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases Network (CIBERNED) (J.R.-M., A.B., J.F.M.-M.), Madrid, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (L.J.A.), Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences (C.P.-R.), Friedman Brain and Mindich Child Health and Development Institutes (C.P.-R.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; and Department of Neuroscience (J.F.M.-M.), University of the Basque Country-UPV-EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Coro Paisán-Ruiz
- Department of Neurology (J.R.-M., A.B., J.F.M.-M.), University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain; Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Research Institute (J.R.-M., A.B., J.F.M.-M.), San Sebastián, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases Network (CIBERNED) (J.R.-M., A.B., J.F.M.-M.), Madrid, Spain; Department of Neuroscience (L.J.A.), Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences (C.P.-R.), Friedman Brain and Mindich Child Health and Development Institutes (C.P.-R.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; and Department of Neuroscience (J.F.M.-M.), University of the Basque Country-UPV-EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
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80
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Abstract
The complement system is an arm of innate immunity that aids in the removal of pathogens and dying cells. Due to its harmful, pro-inflammatory potential, complement is controlled by several soluble and membrane-bound inhibitors. This family of complement regulators has been recently extended by the discovery of several new members, and it is becoming apparent that these proteins harbour additional functions. In this review, the current state of knowledge of the physiological functions of four complement regulators will be described: cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), CUB and sushi multiple domains 1 (CSMD1), sushi domain-containing protein 4 (SUSD4) and CD59. Complement activation is involved in both the development of and defence against cancer. COMP expression is pro-oncogenic, whereas CSMD1 and SUSD4 act as tumour suppressors. These effects may be related in part to the complex influence of complement on cancer but also depend on unrelated functions such as the protection of cells from endoplasmic reticulum stress conveyed by intracellular COMP. CD59 is the main inhibitor of the membrane attack complex, and its deficiency leads to complement attack on erythrocytes and severe haemolytic anaemia, which is now amenable to treatment with an inhibitor of C5 cleavage. Unexpectedly, the intracellular pool of CD59 is crucial for insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. This finding is one of several relating to the intracellular functions of complement proteins, which until recently were only considered to be present in the extracellular space. Understanding the alternative functions of complement inhibitors may unravel unexpected links between complement and other physiological systems, but is also important for better design of therapeutic complement inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Blom
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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81
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Mandage R, Telford M, Rodríguez JA, Farré X, Layouni H, Marigorta UM, Cundiff C, Heredia-Genestar JM, Navarro A, Santpere G. Genetic factors affecting EBV copy number in lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from the 1000 Genome Project samples. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179446. [PMID: 28654678 PMCID: PMC5487016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpes virus 4, has been classically associated with infectious mononucleosis, multiple sclerosis and several types of cancers. Many of these diseases show marked geographical differences in prevalence, which points to underlying genetic and/or environmental factors. Those factors may include a different susceptibility to EBV infection and viral copy number among human populations. Since EBV is commonly used to transform B-cells into lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) we hypothesize that differences in EBV copy number among individual LCLs may reflect differential susceptibility to EBV infection. To test this hypothesis, we retrieved whole-genome sequenced EBV-mapping reads from 1,753 LCL samples derived from 19 populations worldwide that were sequenced within the context of the 1000 Genomes Project. An in silico methodology was developed to estimate the number of EBV copy number in LCLs and validated these estimations by real-time PCR. After experimentally confirming that EBV relative copy number remains stable over cell passages, we performed a genome wide association analysis (GWAS) to try detecting genetic variants of the host that may be associated with EBV copy number. Our GWAS has yielded several genomic regions suggestively associated with the number of EBV genomes per cell in LCLs, unraveling promising candidate genes such as CAND1, a known inhibitor of EBV replication. While this GWAS does not unequivocally establish the degree to which genetic makeup of individuals determine viral levels within their derived LCLs, for which a larger sample size will be needed, it potentially highlighted human genes affecting EBV-related processes, which constitute interesting candidates to follow up in the context of EBV related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Mandage
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, PRBB, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marco Telford
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, PRBB, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Rodríguez
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, PRBB, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavier Farré
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, PRBB, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Hafid Layouni
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, PRBB, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Bioinformatics Studies, ESCI-UPF, Pg. Pujades 1, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Urko M. Marigorta
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, PRBB, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Caitlin Cundiff
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jose Maria Heredia-Genestar
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, PRBB, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Arcadi Navarro
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, PRBB, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- National Institute for Bioinformatics (INB), PRBB, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), PRBB, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), PRBB, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- * E-mail: (AN); (GS)
| | - Gabriel Santpere
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, PRBB, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AN); (GS)
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Kamal M, Holliday DL, Morrison EE, Speirs V, Toomes C, Bell SM. Loss of CSMD1 expression disrupts mammary duct formation while enhancing proliferation, migration and invasion. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:283-292. [PMID: 28534981 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The CUB and sushi multiple domains 1 (CSMD1) gene maps to chromosome 8p23, a region deleted in many cancers. Loss of CSMD1 expression is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer suggesting that it acts as a tumour suppressor in this cancer. However, the function of CSMD1 is largely unknown. Herein, we investigated CSMD1 functions in cell line models. CSMD1 expression was suppressed in MCF10A and LNCaP cells using short hairpin RNA. Functional assays were performed focusing on the 'normal' MCF10A cell line. Suppression of CSMD1 significantly increased the proliferation, cell migration and invasiveness of MCF10A cells compared to shcontrols. shCSMD1 cells also showed significantly reduced adhesion to Matrigel and fibronectin. In a three-dimensional Matrigel model of MCF10A cells, reduced CSMD1 expression resulted in the development of larger and more poorly differentiated breast acini-like structures that displayed impaired lumen formation. Loss of CSMD1 expression disrupts a model of mammary duct formation while enhancing proliferation, migration and invasion. Our data suggest that CSMD1 is involved in the suppression of a transformed phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Kamal
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Deborah L Holliday
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Ewan E Morrison
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Valerie Speirs
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Carmel Toomes
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Sandra M Bell
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
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Athanasiu L, Giddaluru S, Fernandes C, Christoforou A, Reinvang I, Lundervold AJ, Nilsson LG, Kauppi K, Adolfsson R, Eriksson E, Sundet K, Djurovic S, Espeseth T, Nyberg L, Steen VM, Andreassen OA, Le Hellard S. A genetic association study of CSMD1 and CSMD2 with cognitive function. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 61:209-216. [PMID: 27890662 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement cascade plays a role in synaptic pruning and synaptic plasticity, which seem to be involved in cognitive functions and psychiatric disorders. Genetic variants in the closely related CSMD1 and CSMD2 genes, which are implicated in complement regulation, are associated with schizophrenia. Since patients with schizophrenia often show cognitive impairments, we tested whether variants in CSMD1 and CSMD2 are also associated with cognitive functions per se. We took a discovery-replication approach, using well-characterized Scandinavian cohorts. A total of 1637 SNPs in CSMD1 and 206 SNPs in CSMD2 were tested for association with cognitive functions in the NCNG sample (Norwegian Cognitive NeuroGenetics; n=670). Replication testing of SNPs with p-value<0.001 (7 in CSMD1 and 3 in CSMD2) was carried out in the TOP sample (Thematically Organized Psychosis; n=1025) and the BETULA sample (Betula Longitudinal Study on aging, memory and dementia; n=1742). Finally, we conducted a meta-analysis of these SNPs using all three samples. The previously identified schizophrenia marker in CSMD1 (SNP rs10503253) was also included. The strongest association was observed between the CSMD1 SNP rs2740931 and performance in immediate episodic memory (p-value=5×10-6, minor allele A, MAF 0.48-0.49, negative direction of effect). This association reached the study-wide significance level (p⩽1.2×10-5). SNP rs10503253 was not significantly associated with cognitive functions in our samples. In conclusion, we studied n=3437 individuals and found evidence that a variant in CSMD1 is associated with cognitive function. Additional studies of larger samples with cognitive phenotypes will be needed to further clarify the role of CSMD1 in cognitive phenotypes in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Athanasiu
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway; NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sudheer Giddaluru
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Carla Fernandes
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Andrea Christoforou
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ivar Reinvang
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Astri J Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Jonas Lies vei 91, Bergen, Norway; K. G. Jebsen Center for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen 5009, Norway
| | - Lars-Göran Nilsson
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden; Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karolina Kauppi
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umea University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rolf Adolfsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Umea University, SE 901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elias Eriksson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Physiology and Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, SE 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Kjetil Sundet
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umea University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Vidar M Steen
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
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84
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Bocharova AV, Stepanov VA, Marusin AV, Kharkov VN, Vagaitseva KV, Fedorenko OY, Bokhan NA, Semke AV, Ivanova SA. Association study of genetic markers of schizophrenia and its cognitive endophenotypes. RUSS J GENET+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795417010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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85
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Coan PM, Hummel O, Garcia Diaz A, Barrier M, Alfazema N, Norsworthy PJ, Pravenec M, Petretto E, Hübner N, Aitman TJ. Genetic, physiological and comparative genomic studies of hypertension and insulin resistance in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:297-306. [PMID: 28130354 PMCID: PMC5374317 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.026716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously mapped hypertension-related insulin resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs) to rat chromosomes 4, 12 and 16 using adipocytes from F2 crosses between spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats, and subsequently identified Cd36 as the gene underlying the chromosome 4 locus. The identity of the chromosome 12 and 16 genes remains unknown. To identify whole-body phenotypes associated with the chromosome 12 and 16 linkage regions, we generated and characterised new congenic strains, with WKY donor segments introgressed onto an SHR genetic background, for the chromosome 12 and 16 linkage regions. We found a >50% increase in insulin sensitivity in both the chromosome 12 and 16 strains. Blood pressure and left ventricular mass were reduced in the two congenic strains consistent with the congenic segments harbouring SHR genes for insulin resistance, hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. Integrated genomic analysis, using physiological and whole-genome sequence data across 42 rat strains, identified variants within the congenic regions in Upk3bl, RGD1565131 and AABR06087018.1 that were associated with blood pressure, cardiac mass and insulin sensitivity. Quantitative trait transcript analysis across 29 recombinant inbred strains showed correlation between expression of Hspb1, Zkscan5 and Pdgfrl with adipocyte volume, systolic blood pressure and cardiac mass, respectively. Comparative genome analysis showed a marked enrichment of orthologues for human GWAS-associated genes for insulin resistance within the syntenic regions of both the chromosome 12 and 16 congenic intervals. Our study defines whole-body phenotypes associated with the SHR chromosome 12 and 16 insulin-resistance QTLs, identifies candidate genes for these SHR QTLs and finds human orthologues of rat genes in these regions that associate with related human traits. Further study of these genes in the congenic strains will lead to robust identification of the underlying genes and cellular mechanisms. Summary: Comparative genome analyses identify candidate genes for hypertension and insulin resistance on rat chromosomes 12 and 16, and marked enrichment of insulin resistance genes in the syntenic regions of the human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Coan
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine & Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Oliver Hummel
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana Garcia Diaz
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Marjorie Barrier
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine & Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Neza Alfazema
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine & Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Penny J Norsworthy
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Michal Pravenec
- Department of Model Diseases, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Enrico Petretto
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Norbert Hübner
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, 13316 Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Timothy J Aitman
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine & Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.,Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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86
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Loh KH, Stawski PS, Draycott AS, Udeshi ND, Lehrman EK, Wilton DK, Svinkina T, Deerinck TJ, Ellisman MH, Stevens B, Carr SA, Ting AY. Proteomic Analysis of Unbounded Cellular Compartments: Synaptic Clefts. Cell 2016; 166:1295-1307.e21. [PMID: 27565350 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cellular compartments that cannot be biochemically isolated are challenging to characterize. Here we demonstrate the proteomic characterization of the synaptic clefts that exist at both excitatory and inhibitory synapses. Normal brain function relies on the careful balance of these opposing neural connections, and understanding how this balance is achieved relies on knowledge of their protein compositions. Using a spatially restricted enzymatic tagging strategy, we mapped the proteomes of two of the most common excitatory and inhibitory synaptic clefts in living neurons. These proteomes reveal dozens of synaptic candidates and assign numerous known synaptic proteins to a specific cleft type. The molecular differentiation of each cleft allowed us to identify Mdga2 as a potential specificity factor influencing Neuroligin-2's recruitment of presynaptic neurotransmitters at inhibitory synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken H Loh
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Philipp S Stawski
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Austin S Draycott
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Emily K Lehrman
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital (BCH) and Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel K Wilton
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital (BCH) and Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tanya Svinkina
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Thomas J Deerinck
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mark H Ellisman
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Beth Stevens
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital (BCH) and Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Steven A Carr
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alice Y Ting
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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87
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Cagan A, Theunert C, Laayouni H, Santpere G, Pybus M, Casals F, Prüfer K, Navarro A, Marques-Bonet T, Bertranpetit J, Andrés AM. Natural Selection in the Great Apes. Mol Biol Evol 2016; 33:3268-3283. [PMID: 27795229 PMCID: PMC5100057 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msw215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural selection is crucial for the adaptation of populations to their environments. Here, we present the first global study of natural selection in the Hominidae (humans and great apes) based on genome-wide information from population samples representing all extant species (including most subspecies). Combining several neutrality tests we create a multi-species map of signatures of natural selection covering all major types of natural selection. We find that the estimated efficiency of both purifying and positive selection varies between species and is significantly correlated with their long-term effective population size. Thus, even the modest differences in population size among the closely related Hominidae lineages have resulted in differences in their ability to remove deleterious alleles and to adapt to changing environments. Most signatures of balancing and positive selection are species-specific, with signatures of balancing selection more often being shared among species. We also identify loci with evidence of positive selection across several lineages. Notably, we detect signatures of positive selection in several genes related to brain function, anatomy, diet and immune processes. Our results contribute to a better understanding of human evolution by putting the evidence of natural selection in humans within its larger evolutionary context. The global map of natural selection in our closest living relatives is available as an interactive browser at http://tinyurl.com/nf8qmzh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Cagan
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Theunert
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Hafid Laayouni
- Departament de Ciencies Experimentals i de la Salut, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gabriel Santpere
- Departament de Ciencies Experimentals i de la Salut, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Marc Pybus
- Departament de Ciencies Experimentals i de la Salut, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ferran Casals
- Genomics Core Facility, Departament de Ciencies Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Kay Prüfer
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arcadi Navarro
- Departament de Ciencies Experimentals i de la Salut, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Tomas Marques-Bonet
- Departament de Ciencies Experimentals i de la Salut, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jaume Bertranpetit
- Departament de Ciencies Experimentals i de la Salut, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aida M Andrés
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
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88
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Abstract
The complement system is an important part of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Originally characterized as a single serum component contributing to the killing of bacteria, we now know that there are close to sixty complement proteins, multiple activation pathways and a wide range of effector functions mediated by complement. The system plays a critical role in host defense against bacteria, viruses, fungi and other pathogens. However, inappropriate complement activation contributes to the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases and many inflammatory syndromes. Over the last several decades, therapeutic approaches to inhibit complement activation at various steps in the pathways have met with initial success, particularly at the level of the terminal pathway. This success, combined with insight from animal model studies, has lead to an unprecedented effort by biotech and pharmaceutical companies to begin developing complement inhibitors. As a result, complement has been brought for the first time to the attention of pharmacologists, toxicologists, project managers and others in the drug development industry, as well as those in the investment world. The purpose of this primer is to provide a broad overview of complement immunobiology to help those new to complement understand the rationale behind the current therapeutic directions and the investment potential of these new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott R Barnum
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 845 19th St. S., BBRB/744, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 845 19th St. S., BBRB/744, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
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89
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Naseer MI, Chaudhary AG, Rasool M, Kalamegam G, Ashgan FT, Assidi M, Ahmed F, Ansari SA, Zaidi SK, Jan MM, Al-Qahtani MH. Copy number variations in Saudi family with intellectual disability and epilepsy. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:757. [PMID: 27766957 PMCID: PMC5073808 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epilepsy is genetically complex but common brain disorder of the world affecting millions of people with almost of all age groups. Novel Copy number variations (CNVs) are considered as important reason for the numerous neurodevelopmental disorders along with intellectual disability and epilepsy. DNA array based studies contribute to explain a more severe clinical presentation of the disease but interoperation of many detected CNVs are still challenging. Results In order to study novel CNVs with epilepsy related genes in Saudi family with six affected and two normal individuals with several forms of epileptic seizures, intellectual disability (ID), and minor dysmorphism, we performed the high density whole genome Agilent sure print G3 Hmn CGH 2x 400 K array-CGH chips analysis. Our results showed de novo deletions, duplications and deletion plus duplication on differential chromosomal regions in the affected individuals that were not shown in the normal fathe and normal kids by using Agilent CytoGenomics 3.0.6.6 softwear. Copy number gain were observed in the chromosome 1, 16 and 22 with LCE3C, HPR, GSTT2, GSTTP2, DDT and DDTL genes respectively whereas the deletions observed in the chromosomal regions 8p23-p21 (4303127–4337759) and the potential gene in this region is CSMD1 (OMIM: 612279). Moreover, the array CGH results deletions and duplication were also validated by using primer design of deleted regions utilizing the flanked SNPs using simple PCR and also by using quantitative real time PCR. Conclusions We found some of the de novo deletions and duplication in our study in Saudi family with intellectual disability and epilepsy. Our results suggest that array-CGH should be used as a first line of genetic test for epilepsy except there is a strong indication for a monogenic syndrome. The advanced high through put array-CGH technique used in this study aim to collect the data base and to identify new mechanisms describing epileptic disorder, may help to improve the clinical management of individual cases in decreasing the burden of epilepsy in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad I Naseer
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Adeel G Chaudhary
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood Rasool
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gauthaman Kalamegam
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fai T Ashgan
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mourad Assidi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farid Ahmed
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakeel A Ansari
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Kashif Zaidi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Jan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Box 80215, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad H Al-Qahtani
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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90
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Array-CGH diagnosis in ovarian failure: identification of new molecular actors for ovarian physiology. J Ovarian Res 2016; 9:63. [PMID: 27716277 PMCID: PMC5048446 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-016-0272-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian failure (OF) is considered premature if it occurs before the age of 40. This study investigates the genetic aetiology underlying OF in women under the age of 40 years. Methods We conducted an experimental prospective study performing all genome microarrays in 60 patients younger than 40 years presenting an OF revealed by a decrease of circulating Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) and leading to an oocyte donation program. Results We identified nine significant copy number variations (CNVs) including candidate genes potentially implicated in reproductive function. These genes are principally involved in cell division and chromosome segregation (SYCE1, CLASP1, CENP-A, CDC16), in ciliary development and/or function (RSPH1, KIF24), are linked with known gonadal genes or expressed in female genital tract (CSMD1, SEMA6D, KIAA1324). Conclusions Our data strengthen the idea that microarrays should be used in combination with karyotype for aetiological assessment of patients with OF. This analysis may have a therapeutic impact as the identification of new molecular actors for gonadal development or ovarian physiology is useful for the prediction of an ovarian reserve decline and makes possible preventive fertility preservation.
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91
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Abdel-Rahman SM. Genetic Predictors of Susceptibility to Dermatophytoses. Mycopathologia 2016; 182:67-76. [PMID: 27502504 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-016-0046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Countless observational studies conducted over the last century reveal that dermatophytes infect humans of every age, race, gender, and socioeconomic status with strikingly high rates. The curious disparity in dermatophyte infection patterns observed within and between populations has led countless investigators to explore whether genetics underlie a susceptibility to, or confer protection against, dermatophyte infections. This paper examines the data that offer a link between genetics and dermatophytoses and discusses the underlying mechanisms that support these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Abdel-Rahman
- UMKC School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA. .,Section of Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA. .,Division of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, 2401 Gillham Rd., Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.
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92
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Liu Y, Cheng Z, Wang J, Jin C, Yuan J, Wang G, Zhang F, Zhao X. No association between the rs10503253 polymorphism in the CSMD1 gene and schizophrenia in a Han Chinese population. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:206. [PMID: 27377754 PMCID: PMC4932686 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-0923-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex, heritable, and devastating psychiatric disorder. Recent genome-wide association studies have identified a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; rs10503253) in the CUB and SUSHI multiple domains 1 (CSMD1) gene as a risk factor for SCZ. In this study, we investigated whether the rs10503253 in CSMD1 contributes to the risk of SCZ in a Han Chinese population. METHODS We conducted a case-control study in a population from eastern China, involving 1378 SCZ patients and 1091 unrelated healthy controls, using the ligase detection reaction-polymerase chain reaction method to genotype the rs10503253 polymorphism in the CSMD1 gene. RESULTS No significant association was found between the SCZ patients and controls for any allele or genotype frequency of the SNP rs10503253 (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not support an association between CSMD1 rs10503253 and SCZ in a Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Liu
- />Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Zaohuo Cheng
- />Wuxi Mental Health Center, Wuxi, 214151 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Jun Wang
- />Wuxi Mental Health Center, Wuxi, 214151 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Chunhui Jin
- />Wuxi Mental Health Center, Wuxi, 214151 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Jianmin Yuan
- />Wuxi Mental Health Center, Wuxi, 214151 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- />Wuxi Mental Health Center, Wuxi, 214151 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Fuquan Zhang
- />Wuxi Mental Health Center, Wuxi, 214151 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- />Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092 China
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93
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Kirschner G, Balla B, Horváth P, Kövesdi A, Lakatos G, Takács I, Nagy Z, Tóbiás B, Árvai K, Kósa JP, Lakatos P. Effects of imatinib and nilotinib on the whole transcriptome of cultured murine osteoblasts. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2025-37. [PMID: 27430367 PMCID: PMC4991674 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous clinical observations have confirmed that breakpoint cluster region-abelson fusion oncoprotein tyrosine kinase inhibitors used in leukemia treatment alter bone physiology in a complex manner. The aim of the present study was to analyze the whole transcriptome of cultured murine osteoblasts and determine the changes following treatment with imatinib and nilotinib using Sequencing by Oligonucleotide Ligation and Detection next generation RNA sequencing. This study also aimed to identify candidate signaling pathways and network regulators by multivariate Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Based on the right-tailed Fisher's exact test, significantly altered pathways including upstream regulators were defined for each drug. The correlation between these pathways and bone metabolism was also examined. The preliminary results suggest the two drugs have different mechanisms of action on osteoblasts, and imatinib was shown to have a greater effect on gene expression. Data also indicated the potential role of a number of genes and signaling cascades that may contribute to identifying novel targets for the treatment of metabolic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyöngyi Kirschner
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Balla
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Horváth
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Kövesdi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Lakatos
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Takács
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Nagy
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Tóbiás
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kristóf Árvai
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Pál Kósa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Lakatos
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
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94
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Mokhtari M, Narayanan B, Hamm JP, Soh P, Calhoun VD, Ruaño G, Kocherla M, Windemuth A, Clementz BA, Tamminga CA, Sweeney JA, Keshavan MS, Pearlson GD. Multivariate Genetic Correlates of the Auditory Paired Stimuli-Based P2 Event-Related Potential in the Psychosis Dimension From the BSNIP Study. Schizophr Bull 2016; 42:851-62. [PMID: 26462502 PMCID: PMC4838080 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbv147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The complex molecular etiology of psychosis in schizophrenia (SZ) and psychotic bipolar disorder (PBP) is not well defined, presumably due to their multifactorial genetic architecture. Neurobiological correlates of psychosis can be identified through genetic associations of intermediate phenotypes such as event-related potential (ERP) from auditory paired stimulus processing (APSP). Various ERP components of APSP are heritable and aberrant in SZ, PBP and their relatives, but their multivariate genetic factors are less explored. METHODS We investigated the multivariate polygenic association of ERP from 64-sensor auditory paired stimulus data in 149 SZ, 209 PBP probands, and 99 healthy individuals from the multisite Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes study. Multivariate association of 64-channel APSP waveforms with a subset of 16 999 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (reduced from 1 million SNP array) was examined using parallel independent component analysis (Para-ICA). Biological pathways associated with the genes were assessed using enrichment-based analysis tools. RESULTS Para-ICA identified 2 ERP components, of which one was significantly correlated with a genetic network comprising multiple linearly coupled gene variants that explained ~4% of the ERP phenotype variance. Enrichment analysis revealed epidermal growth factor, endocannabinoid signaling, glutamatergic synapse and maltohexaose transport associated with P2 component of the N1-P2 ERP waveform. This ERP component also showed deficits in SZ and PBP. CONCLUSIONS Aberrant P2 component in psychosis was associated with gene networks regulating several fundamental biologic functions, either general or specific to nervous system development. The pathways and processes underlying the gene clusters play a crucial role in brain function, plausibly implicated in psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Mokhtari
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford Hospital, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT
| | - Balaji Narayanan
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford Hospital, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT;
| | - Jordan P. Hamm
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Pauline Soh
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford Hospital, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM;,Image Analysis and MR Research Center, The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Gualberto Ruaño
- Genetics Research Center, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT;,Genomas Inc, Hartford, CT
| | - Mohan Kocherla
- Genetics Research Center, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT;,Genomas Inc, Hartford, CT
| | | | | | - Carol A. Tamminga
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX
| | - John A. Sweeney
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX
| | - Matcheri S. Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Godfrey D. Pearlson
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford Hospital, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT;,Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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95
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Sherva R, Wang Q, Kranzler H, Zhao H, Koesterer R, Herman A, Farrer LA, Gelernter J. Genome-wide Association Study of Cannabis Dependence Severity, Novel Risk Variants, and Shared Genetic Risks. JAMA Psychiatry 2016; 73:472-80. [PMID: 27028160 PMCID: PMC4974817 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Cannabis dependence (CAD) is a serious problem worldwide and is of growing importance in the United States because cannabis is increasingly available legally. Although genetic factors contribute substantially to CAD risk, at present no well-established specific genetic risk factors for CAD have been elucidated. OBJECTIVE To report findings for DSM-IV CAD criteria from association analyses performed in large cohorts of African American and European American participants from 3 studies of substance use disorder genetics. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This genome-wide association study for DSM-IV CAD criterion count was performed in 3 independent substance dependence cohorts (the Yale-Penn Study, Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment [SAGE], and International Consortium on the Genetics of Heroin Dependence [ICGHD]). A referral sample and volunteers recruited in the community and from substance abuse treatment centers included 6000 African American and 8754 European American participants, including some from small families. Participants from the Yale-Penn Study were recruited from 2000 to 2013. Data were collected for the SAGE trial from 1990 to 2007 and for the ICGHD from 2004 to 2009. Data were analyzed from January 2, 2013, to November 9, 2015. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Criterion count for DSM-IV CAD. RESULTS Among the 14 754 participants, 7879 were male, 6875 were female, and the mean (SD) age was 39.2 (10.2) years. Three independent regions with genome-wide significant single-nucleotide polymorphism associations were identified, considering the largest possible sample. These included rs143244591 (β = 0.54, P = 4.32 × 10-10 for the meta-analysis) in novel antisense transcript RP11-206M11.7;rs146091982 (β = 0.54, P = 1.33 × 10-9 for the meta-analysis) in the solute carrier family 35 member G1 gene (SLC35G1); and rs77378271 (β = 0.29, P = 2.13 × 10-8 for the meta-analysis) in the CUB and Sushi multiple domains 1 gene (CSMD1). Also noted was evidence of genome-level pleiotropy between CAD and major depressive disorder and for an association with single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genes associated with schizophrenia risk. Several of the genes identified have functions related to neuronal calcium homeostasis or central nervous system development. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These results are the first, to our knowledge, to identify specific CAD risk alleles and potential genetic factors contributing to the comorbidity of CAD with major depression and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Sherva
- Section of Biomedical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Qian Wang
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Henry Kranzler
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 4Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs (VA) Stars and Stripes Healthcare Network, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphi
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut5Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, Connecticut6Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut7VA Coop
| | - Ryan Koesterer
- Section of Biomedical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aryeh Herman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Section of Biomedical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts9Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts10Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School
| | - Joel Gelernter
- VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, West Haven, Connecticut8Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut13Department of Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, Yale University School of Medicine, West Hav
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96
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Abstract
Refinement of genetic variants within the major histocompatibility complex reveals three distinct genetic influences on schizophrenia risk and sheds light on the disease’s neurobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Ruzzo
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics and Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics and Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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97
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Sood RF, Arbabi S, Honari S, Gibran NS. Missense Variant in MAPK Inactivator PTPN5 Is Associated with Decreased Severity of Post-Burn Hypertrophic Scarring. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149206. [PMID: 26872063 PMCID: PMC4752497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic scarring (HTS) is hypothesized to have a genetic mechanism, yet its genetic determinants are largely unknown. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are important mediators of inflammatory signaling, and experimental evidence implicates MAPKs in HTS formation. We hypothesized that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MAPK-pathway genes would be associated with severity of post-burn HTS. METHODS We analyzed data from a prospective-cohort genome-wide association study of post-burn HTS. We included subjects with deep-partial-thickness burns admitted to our center who provided blood for genotyping and had at least one Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) assessment. After adjusting for HTS risk factors and population stratification, we tested MAPK-pathway gene SNPs for association with the four VSS variables in a joint regression model. In addition to individual-SNP analysis, we performed gene-based association testing. RESULTS Our study population consisted of 538 adults (median age 40 years) who were predominantly White (76%) males (71%) admitted to our center from 2007-2014 with small-to-moderate-sized burns (median burn size 6% total body surface area). Of 2,146 SNPs tested, a rare missense variant in the PTPN5 gene (rs56234898; minor allele frequency 1.5%) was significantly associated with decreased severity of post-burn HTS (P = 1.3×10-6). In gene-based analysis, PTPN5 (P = 1.2×10-5) showed a significant association and BDNF (P = 9.5×10-4) a borderline-significant association with HTS severity. CONCLUSIONS We report PTPN5 as a novel genetic locus associated with HTS severity. PTPN5 is a MAPK inhibitor expressed in neurons, suggesting a potential role for neurotrophic factors and neuroinflammatory signaling in HTS pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi F. Sood
- Department of Surgery, UW Medicine Regional Burn Center, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Saman Arbabi
- Department of Surgery, UW Medicine Regional Burn Center, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Shari Honari
- Department of Surgery, UW Medicine Regional Burn Center, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Nicole S. Gibran
- Department of Surgery, UW Medicine Regional Burn Center, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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98
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The analysis of association between SNCA, HUSEYO and CSMD1 gene variants and Parkinson’s disease in Iranian population. Neurol Sci 2016; 37:731-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-015-2420-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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99
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Individual risk alleles of susceptibility to schizophrenia are associated with poor clinical and social outcomes. J Hum Genet 2015; 61:329-34. [PMID: 26674612 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2015.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Many patients with schizophrenia have poor clinical and social outcomes. Some risk alleles closely related to the onset of schizophrenia have been reported to be associated with their clinical phenotypes, but the direct relationship between genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia and clinical/social outcomes of schizophrenia, as evaluated by both practical clinical scales and 'real-world' function, has not been investigated. We evaluated the clinical and social outcomes of 455 Japanese patients with schizophrenia by severity of illness according to the Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale (CGI-S) and social outcomes by social adjustment/maladjustment at 5 years after the first visit. We examined whether 46 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) selected from a Japanese genome-wide association study of susceptibility to schizophrenia were associated with clinical and social outcomes. We also investigated the polygenic risk scores of 46 SNPs. Allele-wise association analysis detected three SNPs, including rs2623659 in the CUB and Sushi multiple domains-1 (CSMD1) gene, associated with severity of illness at end point. The severity of illness at end point was associated with treatment response, but not with the severity of illness at baseline. Three SNPs, including rs2294424 in the C6orf105 gene, were associated with social outcomes. Point estimates of odds ratios showed positive relationships between polygenic risk scores and clinical/social outcomes; however, the results were not statistically significant. Because these results are exploratory, we need to replicate them with a larger sample in a future study.
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100
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify genetic variants associated with the severity of postburn hypertrophic scarring (HTS) using a genome-wide approach. BACKGROUND Risk of severe postburn HTS is known to depend on race, but the genetic determinants of HTS are unknown. METHODS We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a prospective cohort of adults admitted with deep-partial-thickness burns from 2007 through 2014. Scar severity was assessed over time using the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), and DNA was genotyped with a >500,000-marker array. We performed association testing of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with minor allele frequency (MAF) >0.01 using linear regression of VSS height score on genotype adjusted for patient and injury characteristics as well as population genetic structure. Array-wide significance was based on Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. RESULTS Of 538 patients (median age 40 years, median burn size 6.0% of body surface area), 71% were men and 76% were White. The mean VSS height score was 1.2 (range: 0-3). Of 289,639 SNPs tested, a variant in the CUB and Sushi multiple domains 1 (CSMD1) gene (rs11136645; MAF = 0.49), was significantly associated with decreased scar height (regression coefficient = -0.23, P = 7.9 × 10). CONCLUSIONS In the first published GWAS of HTS, we report that a common intronic variant in the CSMD1 gene is associated with reduced severity of postburn HTS. If this association is confirmed in an independent cohort, investigating the potential role of CSMD1 in wound healing may elucidate HTS pathophysiology.
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