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Travica N, Ried K, Hudson I, Scholey A, Pipingas A, Sali A. The effects of cardiovascular and orthopaedic surgery on vitamin concentrations: a narrative review of the literature and mechanisms of action. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-31. [PMID: 34619992 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1983762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Given the rise in worldwide chronic diseases, supplemented by an aging population, the volume of global major surgeries, encompassing cardiac and orthopedic procedures is anticipated to surge significantly. Surgical trauma can be accompanied by numerous postoperative complications and metabolic changes. The present review summarized the results from studies assessing the effects of orthopedic and cardiovascular surgery on vitamin concentrations, in addition to exploring the possible mechanisms associated with changes in concentrations. Studies have revealed a potentially severe depletion in plasma/serum concentrations of numerous vitamins following these surgeries acutely. Vitamins C, D and B1 appear particularly vulnerable to significant depletions, with vitamin C and D depletions consistently transpiring into inadequate and deficient concentrations, respectively. The possible multifactorial mechanisms impacting postoperative vitamin concentrations include changes in hemodilution and vitamin utilization, redistribution, circulatory transport and absorption. For a majority of vitamins, there has been a lack of investigation into the effects of both, cardiac and orthopedic surgery. Additionally, studies were predominantly restricted to short-term postoperative investigations, primarily performed within the first postoperative week of surgery. Overall, results indicated that further examination is necessary to determine the severity and clinical significance of the possible depletions in vitamin concentrations that ensue cardiovascular and orthopedic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj Travica
- Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Geelong, Australia.,Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.,The National Institute of Integrative Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karin Ried
- The National Institute of Integrative Medicine, Melbourne, Australia.,Honorary Associate Professor, Discipline of General Practice, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Torrens University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Irene Hudson
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.,Digital Health, CRC, College of STEM, Mathematical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT), Melbourne, Australia.,School of Mathematical and Physical Science, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Avni Sali
- The National Institute of Integrative Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
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Walters GWM, Redman E, Gulsin GS, Henson J, Argyridou S, Yates T, Davies MJ, Parke K, McCann GP, Brady EM. Interrelationship between micronutrients and cardiovascular structure and function in type 2 diabetes. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e88. [PMID: 34733500 PMCID: PMC8532075 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronutrients are important for normal cardiovascular function. They may play a role in the increased risk of cardiovascular disease observed in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and T2D-related heart failure. The aims of this study were to (1) examine micronutrient status in people with T2D v. healthy controls; (2) assess any changes following a nutritionally complete meal replacement plan (MRP) compared with routine care; (3) determine if any changes were associated with changes in cardiovascular structure/function. This was a secondary analysis of data from a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded end-point trial of people with T2D, with a nested case-control [NCT02590822]. Anthropometrics, cardiac resonance imaging and fasting blood samples (to quantify vitamins B1, B6, B12, D and C; and iron and ferritin) were collected at baseline and 12 weeks following the MRP or routine care. Comparative data in healthy controls were collected at baseline. A total of eighty-three people with T2D and thirty-six healthy controls were compared at baseline; all had micronutrient status within reference ranges. Vitamin B1 was higher (148⋅9 v. 131⋅7; P 0⋅01) and B6 lower (37⋅3 v. 52⋅9; P 0⋅01) in T2D v. controls. All thirty participants randomised to routine care and twenty-four to the MRP completed the study. There was an increase in vitamins B1, B6, D and C following the MRP, which were not associated with changes in cardiovascular structure/function. In conclusion, changes in micronutrient status following the MRP were not independently associated with improvements in cardiovascular structure/function in people with T2D.
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Key Words
- BMI, body mass index
- CMR
- CMR, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- Cardiovascular function
- EF, ejection fraction
- HF, heart failure
- LV, left ventricular
- Low calorie
- Low-energy meal replacement plan
- MRP, meal replacement plan
- Micronutrients
- PLP, pyridoxal 5-phosphate
- RCT, randomised control trial
- T2D, type 2 diabetes
- Type 2 diabetes
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace W. M. Walters
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Emma Redman
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Gaurav S. Gulsin
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Joseph Henson
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Thomas Yates
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Melanie J. Davies
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Kelly Parke
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Gerry P. McCann
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Emer M. Brady
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
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53
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Ng CY, Amini F, Ahmad Bustami N, Tan ESS, Tan PY, Mitra SR. Association of DNA damage with vitamin D and hair heavy metals of obese women. Mol Cell Toxicol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-021-00149-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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54
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Schleu MF, Barreto-Duarte B, Arriaga MB, Araujo-Pereira M, Ladeia AM, Andrade BB, Lima ML. Lower Levels of Vitamin D Are Associated with an Increase in Insulin Resistance in Obese Brazilian Women. Nutrients 2021; 13:2979. [PMID: 34578857 PMCID: PMC8471993 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult women are more likely to be obese than men. Moreover, there is evidence that obesity is a risk factor for increased insulin resistance (IR) and hypovitaminosis D (VITD), conditions related to metabolic and endocrinologic disturbance. We performed a cross-sectional study with 103 women diagnosed with obesity, recruited between 2009 and 2013, in an obesity referral outpatient clinic in Bahia, Brazil. Laboratory and clinical characteristics were compared between the groups according to the degree of obesity (I, II and III), and levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were used to define the VITD status (insufficiency and no insufficiency). We calculated the homeostatic model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR) index to assess insulin resistance in the groups. Our analyses revealed that HOMA-IR values and VITD levels were inversely correlated. Furthermore, we observed a distinct expression profile of values of laboratory markers according to 25(OH)D levels. Negative correlations were found between HOMA-IR and body mass index (BMI) in VITD insufficient participants but not in those with the sufficiency. Furthermore, multivariate regression demonstrated independent associations between lower levels of 25(OH)D and increased values of HOMA-IR. These findings suggests that lower levels of VITD are strongly associated with the increased IR in obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna F. Schleu
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde Humana, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Salvador 40290-000, Brazil; (M.F.S.); (A.M.L.); (M.L.L.)
| | - Beatriz Barreto-Duarte
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Biomarcadores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (B.B.-D.); (M.B.A.); (M.A.-P.)
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador 41810-710, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Laureate Universities, Salvador 41720-200, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil
| | - Maria B. Arriaga
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Biomarcadores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (B.B.-D.); (M.B.A.); (M.A.-P.)
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador 41810-710, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Mariana Araujo-Pereira
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Biomarcadores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (B.B.-D.); (M.B.A.); (M.A.-P.)
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador 41810-710, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Ana Marice Ladeia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde Humana, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Salvador 40290-000, Brazil; (M.F.S.); (A.M.L.); (M.L.L.)
| | - Bruno B. Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde Humana, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Salvador 40290-000, Brazil; (M.F.S.); (A.M.L.); (M.L.L.)
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Biomarcadores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (B.B.-D.); (M.B.A.); (M.A.-P.)
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador 41810-710, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Laureate Universities, Salvador 41720-200, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Maria L. Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde Humana, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Salvador 40290-000, Brazil; (M.F.S.); (A.M.L.); (M.L.L.)
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55
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Skalny AV, Chang JS, Bobrovnitsky IP, Kopylov PY, Skalnaya MG, Huang SY, Paoliello MMB, Ivanova ES, Wang W, Tinkov AA. Relationship Between Elevated Hair Mercury Levels, Essential Element Status, and Metabolic Profile in Overweight and Obese Adults. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:2874-2881. [PMID: 33067716 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02430-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate hair essential and trace element levels and metabolic risk markers in overweight and obese subjects in relation to body mercury burden. According to 2 × 2 factorial design a total of 440 adults were distributed to four groups: (i) low-Hg normal-weight subjects (n = 114); (ii) high-Hg normal weight subjects (n = 113); (iii) low-Hg overweight (BMI > 25) subjects (n = 110); (iv) high-Hg overweight (BMI > 25) subjects (n = 110). Hg-exposed groups consisted of subjects characterized by frequent seafood consumption (> 4 times/week) subsequently evaluated by hair analysis (> 0.58 μg/g). Dietary-exposed subjects were characterized by a more than 3-fold higher hair Hg content irrespectively of body weight values. Both low-Hg and high-Hg overweight subjects were characterized by significantly higher ALT activity, as well as elevated serum glucose, LDL, and triglyceride levels as compared to the respective groups of normal weight subjects. High Hg body burden had a more significant effect on metabolic parameters in overweight and obese adults. Particularly, high-Hg overweight subjects were characterized by significantly higher serum creatinine and uric acid levels, as well as increased GGT and CK activity as compared to low-Hg overweight counterparts. In addition, hair Mg, Mn, and Sr content in high-Hg overweight subjects was significantly lower than that in low-Hg normal weight and overweight examinees. In turn, high Hg levels in overweight subjects were associated with significantly higher hair Se and Zn levels when compared to unexposed overweight adults. Generally, the obtained data demonstrate that increased hair Hg levels in overweight and obese subjects is associated with adverse metabolic profile. It is proposed that observed metabolic alterations may be at least partially mediated by Hg-associated disturbances in essential trace element and mineral metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly V Skalny
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119146, Russia.
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, 150000, Russia.
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia.
| | | | - Igor P Bobrovnitsky
- Centre for Strategic Planning, Russian Ministry of Health, 119435, Moscow, Russia
| | - Philippe Yu Kopylov
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119146, Russia
| | | | | | - Monica Maria Bastos Paoliello
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, 86038-350, Brazil
| | - Ekaterina S Ivanova
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Weu Wang
- Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119146, Russia
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, 150000, Russia
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56
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Karampela I, Sakelliou A, Vallianou N, Christodoulatos GS, Magkos F, Dalamaga M. Vitamin D and Obesity: Current Evidence and Controversies. Curr Obes Rep 2021; 10:162-180. [PMID: 33792853 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-021-00433-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Evidence from observational studies suggests that obesity is associated with low vitamin D. As both obesity and hypovitaminosis D present an alarmingly increased prevalence worldwide, there is an intense research interest to clarify all aspects of this association. This review summarizes current evidence from meta-analyses investigating vitamin D status in obesity, including the effects of weight loss and bariatric surgery on vitamin D status and the outcomes of vitamin D supplementation on body weight. We also discuss potential pathophysiologic mechanisms and important controversies. RECENT FINDINGS Data from meta-analyses consistently support an inverse association of vitamin D levels with body weight. However, the impact of weight loss on improving vitamin D status is small, while studies on the supplementation with vitamin D after bariatric surgery have shown conflicting results regarding vitamin D status. Moreover, interventional studies do not support a beneficial effect of vitamin D supplementation on body weight. These findings warrant a cautious interpretation due to important methodological limitations and confounding factors, such as high heterogeneity of studies, variable methods of determination of vitamin D and definition of deficiency/insufficiency, use of various adiposity measures and definitions of obesity, and inadequate adjustment for confounding variables influencing vitamin D levels. The underlying pathogenetic mechanisms associating low vitamin D in obesity include volumetric dilution, sequestration into adipose tissue, limited sunlight exposure, and decreased vitamin D synthesis in the adipose tissue and liver. Experimental studies have demonstrated that low vitamin D may be implicated in adipose tissue differentiation and growth leading to obesity either by regulation of gene expression or through modulation of parathyroid hormone, calcium, and leptin. Obesity is associated with low vitamin D status but weight loss has little effect on improving this; vitamin D supplementation is also not associated with weight loss. Evidence regarding vitamin D status after bariatric surgery is contradicting. The link between vitamin D and obesity remains controversial due to important limitations and confounding of studies. More research is needed to clarify the complex interplay between vitamin D and adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Karampela
- Second Department of Critical Care, Medical School, Attikon General University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini St, Haidari, 12462, Athens, Greece.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Alexandra Sakelliou
- Second Department of Critical Care, Medical School, Attikon General University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini St, Haidari, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Natalia Vallianou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos General Hospital, 45-47 Ypsilantou St, 10676, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos-Socrates Christodoulatos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
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57
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Boaz M, Azoulay O, Kaufman‐Shriqui V, Weinstein T. Status of Nutrition In Hemodialysis Patients Survey (SNIPS): Malnutrition risk by diabetes status. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14543. [PMID: 33583032 PMCID: PMC8248169 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased malnutrition risk has been observed in more than 40% people on haemodialysis in Israel. It is not clear that this risk is homogeneously distributed among people with versus without diabetes. OBJECTIVES To examine the influence of diabetes on malnutrition risk among people on haemodialysis. METHODS This cross-sectional study included a representative sample of 375 individuals on haemodialysis treated in hospital dialysis centres throughout Israel. Of these, 126 had diabetes. Dietary intake, biochemistry, anthropometric and hemodynamic measures were recorded. Malnutrition risk categories were defined: "minimal": body mass index (BMI) ≥23 kg/m2 and serum albumin ≥38 mmol/L; "mild": BMI <23 kg/m2 and albumin ≥38 mmol/L; "moderate": BMI ≥23 kg/m2 and albumin <38 mmol/L; "severe": BMI<23 k/m2 and serum albumin <38 mmol/L. These categories were dichotomized to "minimal" versus elevated malnutrition risk. RESULTS Despite greater BMI, elevated malnutrition risk was identified in 58.8% of individuals with versus 39.3% without diabetes. Adherence to International Society for Renal Nutrition and Metabolism nutrition guidelines was poor regardless of diabetes status. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, diabetes: OR 2.15; C-reactive protein (nmol/L): OR 1.02; delivered dialysis dose (Kt/V): OR 6.07; and haemoglobin (g/L): OR 0.79, predicted elevated malnutrition risk, even after controlling for age, sex and years on haemodialysis. DISCUSSION Individuals on haemodialysis who have diabetes have elevated malnutrition risk compared to those without diabetes despite greater BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Boaz
- Department of Nutrition SciencesSchool of Health SciencesAriel UniversityArielIsrael
| | - Odile Azoulay
- Department of NephrologyRabin Medical CenterBeilinson CampusPetah TikvahIsrael
| | - Vered Kaufman‐Shriqui
- Department of Nutrition SciencesSchool of Health SciencesAriel UniversityArielIsrael
| | - Talia Weinstein
- Department of NephrologyTel Aviv‐Sourasky Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
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58
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Kolahdouz-Mohammadi R, Soltani S, Clayton ZS, Salehi-Abargouei A. Sodium status is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3543-3565. [PMID: 34052916 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02595-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The relationship between sodium intake and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is inconsistent. We, therefore, aimed to summarize the current evidence by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. METHODS We retrieved studies which compared any marker of sodium status between individuals with T2DM and those without diabetes published in any language by searching online databases from inception up to June 2019. Summary effects were derived using random-effects model. RESULTS A total of 44 studies with 503,830 participants from 25 countries were included in this study. Sodium status was significantly different between individuals with and without T2DM (Hedges' g = 0.21; 95% CI 0.02, 0.40; P = 0.029). Individuals with T2DM had higher sodium intake compared to non-diabetic controls (WMD = 621.79 mg/day; 95% CI 321.53, 922.06; P < 0.001) and 24-h urinary excretion was associated with likelihood of developing T2DM (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.15, 1.41; P < 0.001). Furthermore, salivary, hair, and platelet sodium were higher in patients with T2DM compared to controls (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The findings of the current meta-analysis suggest that sodium levels are higher in patients with T2DM compared to non-diabetic controls; however, given that these studies are observational, it is not possible to infer causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Kolahdouz-Mohammadi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Soltani
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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59
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Wild LE, Alderete TL, Naik NC, Patterson WB, Berger PK, Jones RB, Plows JF, Goran MI. Specific amino acids but not total protein attenuate postpartum weight gain among Hispanic women from Southern California. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:1842-1850. [PMID: 33841803 PMCID: PMC8020954 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a high prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes in the United States, particularly among Hispanic women, which may be partly explained by failure to lose gestational weight during the postpartum period. Previous work indicates that protein and amino acids may protect against weight gain; therefore, this study examined the impact of dietary protein and amino acid intake on changes in postpartum weight and the percent of women meeting the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for these dietary variables among Hispanic women from the Southern California Mother's Milk Study (n = 99). Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to examine the associations between protein and amino acid intake with change in weight after adjusting for maternal age, height, and energy intake. Women's weight increased from prepregnancy to 1-month and 6-months postpartum (71.1 ± 14.6 vs. 73.1 ± 13.1 vs. 74.5 ± 14.6 kg, p < .0001). Although dietary protein was not associated with weight change (β = -1.09; p = .13), phenylalanine (β = -1.46; p = .04), tryptophan (β = -1.71; p = .009), valine (β = -1.34; p = .04), isoleucine (β = -1.26; p = .045), and cysteine (β = -1.52; p = .02) intake were inversely associated with weight change. Additionally, fewer women met the EAR values for cysteine (11.1%), phenylalanine (60.6%), and methionine (69.7%), whereas most women met the EAR values for tryptophan (92.9%), valine (96.0%), and isoleucine (94.9%). Study results indicate that several essential and conditionally essential amino acids were associated with postpartum weight loss, with a significant portion of women not meeting recommended intake levels for some of these amino acids. These results highlight the importance of postpartum maternal diet as a potential modifiable risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Wild
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - Tanya L. Alderete
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - Noopur C. Naik
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | | | - Paige K. Berger
- Department of PediatricsThe Saban Research InstituteChildren's Hospital Los AngelesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Roshonda B. Jones
- Department of PediatricsThe Saban Research InstituteChildren's Hospital Los AngelesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Jasmine F. Plows
- Department of PediatricsThe Saban Research InstituteChildren's Hospital Los AngelesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Michael I. Goran
- Department of PediatricsThe Saban Research InstituteChildren's Hospital Los AngelesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
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60
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Magassouba AS, Touré AA, Diallo BD, Camara LM, Touré D, Conté N, Diaby M, Camara SN, Camara G, Bangoura AM, Kamano TA, Tounkara AF. Malnutrition prevalence and associated biochemical factors among drug-resistance tuberculosis (DR-TB) patients at key treatment sites in Conakry City, Republic of Guinea. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 38:279. [PMID: 34122706 PMCID: PMC8179982 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.279.27270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction drug-resistant tuberculosis is a major global health problem and a threat to health security given the increase in the number of cases and the challenges associated with care. Besides, the relationship between poor nutritional status and tuberculosis is clearly established. For relevant and evidence-based public health decision-making regarding the management of malnutrition in patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis in the initial phase, it is essential to estimate the prevalence of malnutrition and understand the risk factors associated with it. Methods we performed a retrospective cohort study in drug-resistant tuberculosis patients aged 18 years and older, among which the nutritional status was assessed through BMI. All predictors were included in a prediction model using the multivariate logistic model according to the lowest Akaike criterion. Discrimination and model calibration was evaluated using receiver performance analysis, and the Hosmer and Lemeshow test. Results this study revealed a prevalence of malnutrition of 64.7% in drug-resistant tuberculosis patients in our 218-patient series. The factors associated with malnutrition were: unsuccessful treatment, the active presence of mycobacterium tuberculosis, increased bacteriological conversion time, increased serum creatinine, increased transaminase SGPT of the liver, and anaemia. Some of the factors not associated with malnutrition included the history of anti-tuberculosis treatment, vomiting, hepatic SGPT, initial AFB count, smear and culture conversion time, depression, and chest X-ray. Conclusion malnutrition remains a concern among drug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Guinea as it affects more than half of them with a negative impact on the outcome of treatment. Implementing specific interventions for these high-risk patients, including nutritional supplementation, psychosocial support, and treatment for tuberculosis, can improve management for better treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Almamy Amara Touré
- Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Rurale de Maferinyah, Forecariah, Guinea
| | - Boubacar Djelo Diallo
- Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Lansana Mady Camara
- Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea.,Pneumo Physiology Department, Conakry University Hospital Ignace Deen, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Demba Touré
- Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea.,Pneumo Physiology Department, Conakry University Hospital Ignace Deen, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Nfanly Conté
- Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Macka Diaby
- Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Soriba Naby Camara
- Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Gnoume Camara
- Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
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Boaz M, Kaufman-Shriqui V, Azoulay O, Weinstein T. Status of Nutrition in Hemodialysis Patients Survey (SNIPS): Nutrition Intake in Obese and Overweight vs. Healthy Weight Patients. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:166. [PMID: 33669914 PMCID: PMC7924556 DOI: 10.3390/life11020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated body mass index (BMI) has been associated with improved survival and fewer hospitalizations in hemodialysis patients; however, it is not clear that dietary intake is associated with increased BMI in hemodialysis patients. The present analysis was designed to compare energy and macronutrient intake and distribution, as well as compliance with the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM) dietary guidelines, by body weight status (overweight/obese vs. normal weight) in hemodialysis patients. The status of nutrition in hemodialysis patients survey (SNIPS) cohort is a cross-sectional study including a representative sample of individuals on hemodialysis treated in hospital dialysis centers throughout Israel. Of the 375 patients eligible for the current analysis, 60.1% had BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (overweight/obese). For each participant, the following measures were recorded: dietary intake, blood biochemistry, anthropometric and hemodynamic measures. These were compared by body weight status. Compared to their normal-weight counterparts, overweight/obese hemodialysis patients did not differ by energy and macronutrient intake, distribution of these nutrients in the diet. Regardless of body weight status, hemodialysis patients have poor compliance with ISRNM dietary guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Boaz
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
| | - Vered Kaufman-Shriqui
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
| | - Odile Azoulay
- Department of Nephrology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tikvah 49100, Israel;
| | - Talia Weinstein
- Department of Nephrology, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 62431, Israel;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Oxidative Stress, Plant Natural Antioxidants, and Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041786. [PMID: 33670130 PMCID: PMC7916866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is important in the pathophysiology of obesity, altering regulatory factors of mitochondrial activity, modifying the concentration of inflammation mediators associated with a large number and size of adipocytes, promoting lipogenesis, stimulating differentiation of preadipocytes to mature adipocytes, and regulating the energy balance in hypothalamic neurons that control appetite. This review discusses the participation of oxidative stress in obesity and the important groups of compounds found in plants with antioxidant properties, which include (a) polyphenols such as phenolic acids, stilbenes, flavonoids (flavonols, flavanols, anthocyanins, flavanones, flavones, flavanonols, and isoflavones), and curcuminoids (b) carotenoids, (c) capsaicinoids and casinoids, (d) isothiocyanates, (e) catechins, and (f) vitamins. Examples are analyzed, such as resveratrol, quercetin, curcumin, ferulic acid, phloretin, green tea, Hibiscus Sabdariffa, and garlic. The antioxidant activities of these compounds depend on their activities as reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers and on their capacity to prevent the activation of NF-κB (nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), and reduce the expression of target genes, including those participating in inflammation. We conclude that natural compounds have therapeutic potential for diseases mediated by oxidative stress, particularly obesity. Controlled and well-designed clinical trials are still necessary to better know the effects of these compounds.
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63
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Taneera J, Awadallah S, Khader Mohammed A, Unnikannan H, Sulaiman N. Vitamin A levels are decreased but not influenced by glucose- or lipid-lowering medications in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:572-577. [PMID: 33424341 PMCID: PMC7783824 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex polygenic disease with unclear mechanisms. Clinical studies on the association of vitamin A with T2D in humans are still controversial. Herein, we aimed to investigate the plasma levels of vitamin A, predictor factors, and its correlations with clinical phenotypes in Emirati population. The effect of glucose-and lipid-lowering medications on vitamin A levels was also studied. Methods A cross-sectional cohort comprised 158 T2D-subjects and 90 healthy controls were recruited from the United Arab Emirates National Diabetes Study (UAEDIAB). All anthropometric, clinical, and biomedical measurements were collected. Plasma levels of vitamin A were determined using ELISA assay. Results Levels of vitamin A were significantly lower in T2D-subjects compared to healthy control (p < 0.01). Vitamin A levels were unaffected by gender base and inversely correlated with age, fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), waist circumference, triglycerides, and body mass index (BMI). Regression analysis revealed that HbA1c and age are predictors for vitamin A. Intake of glucose- or lipid-lowering medications showed no effect on vitamin A levels. Conclusion HbA1c and age are predictors for low levels of vitamin A among Emirati-T2D subjects. No influence of glucose and lipid-lowering medications on the plasma levels of vitamin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Taneera
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samir Awadallah
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdul Khader Mohammed
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hema Unnikannan
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nabil Sulaiman
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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64
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Mechanick JI, Marchetti A, Hegazi R, Hamdy O. Diabetes-Specific Nutrition Formulas in the Management of Patients with Diabetes and Cardiometabolic Risk. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3616. [PMID: 33255565 PMCID: PMC7761009 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Food-based dietary management, enhanced with evidence-based commercial products, such as diabetes-specific nutrition formulas (DSNFs), can help control the development, progression, and severity of certain chronic diseases. In this review, evidence is detailed on the use of DSNFs in patients with or at risk for diabetes and cardiometabolic-based chronic disease. Many DSNF strategies target glycemic excursions and cardiovascular physiology, taking into account various elements of healthy eating patterns. Nevertheless, significant research, knowledge, and practice gaps remain. These gaps are actionable in terms of formulating and testing relevant and pragmatic research questions, developing an educational program for the uniform distribution of information, and collaboratively writing clinical practice guidelines that incorporate the evidence base for DSNF. In sum, the benefits of DNSF as part of validated clinical practice algorithms include mitigation of chronic disease progression, cost-savings for the healthcare system, and applicability on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey I. Mechanick
- The Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health at Mount Sinai Heart, Metabolic Support, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Albert Marchetti
- Medical Education and Research Alliance (Med-ERA, Inc.), Pompano Beach, FL 33069, USA
- Preventive Medicine and Community Health, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Refaat Hegazi
- Research and Development Department, Abbott Nutrition, Columbus, OH 43219, USA;
- Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Osama Hamdy
- Obesity Clinical Program and Inpatient Diabetes Program, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
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65
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Stover PJ, Garza C, Durga J, Field MS. Emerging Concepts in Nutrient Needs. J Nutr 2020; 150:2593S-2601S. [PMID: 33000157 PMCID: PMC7527270 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary reference intakes (DRIs) are quantitative, nutrient intake-based standards used for assessing the diets and specific nutrient intakes of healthy individuals and populations and for informing national nutrition policy and nutrition programs. Because nutrition needs vary by age, sex, and physiological state, DRIs are often specified for healthy subgroups within a population. Diet is known to be the leading modifiable risk factor for chronic disease, and the prevalence of chronic disease is growing in all populations globally and across all subgroups, but especially in older adults. It is known that nutrient needs can change in some chronic disease and other clinical states. Disease states and/or disease treatment can cause whole-body or tissue-specific nutrient depletion or excess, resulting in the need for altered nutrient intakes. In other cases, disease-related biochemical dysfunction can result in a requirement for a nonessential nutrient, rendering it as conditionally essential, or result in toxicity for a food component at levels usually tolerated by healthy people, as seen in inborn errors of metabolism. Here we summarize examples from a growing body of literature of disease-altering nutrient requirements, supporting the need to give more consideration to special nutrient requirements in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cutberto Garza
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Jane Durga
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Martha S Field
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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Schwartz AM, Wilson JM, Farley KX, Bradbury TL, Guild GN. Concomitant Malnutrition and Frailty Are Uncommon, but Significant Risk Factors for Mortality and Complication Following Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 2020; 35:2878-2885. [PMID: 32576431 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2020.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) demand continues to rise, but we are also gaining greater insight into patient risk factors for postoperative complications and excess resource utilization. There has been growing interest in frailty and malnutrition as risk factors, although they are often mistakenly used interchangeably. We aimed at identifying the incidence of their coexistence, and the magnitude of risk they confer to TKA patients. METHODS We queried the American College of Surgeons-National Surgery Quality Improvement Program database to identify 4 patient cohorts: healthy/normal serum albumin, healthy/hypoalbuminemic patients, normoalbuminemic/medically frail patients (defined by modified frailty index), and hypoalbuminemic/frail patients. We performed both univariate and multivariate analyses to quantify the risk conferred by each condition in isolation, and in coexistence. RESULTS Of 179,702 elective TKA cases from 2006 to 2018, 18.6% of patients were frail only, 3.0% were hypoalbuminemic -only, and just 1.2% were both frail and hypoalbuminemic. The raw rate of any complication was highest in frail/hypoalbuminemic patients (8.7%), 5.2% in hypoalbuminemic patients, 4.8% in frail patients, and just 3.4% in healthy patients (P < .001); the multivariate model revealed odds ratio of a complication in frail/hypoalbuminemic group of 2.40 (95% confidence interval = 1.27-1.63; P < .001). Mortality within 30 days was highest in the frail/hypoalbuminemic cohort (1.0%), and just 0.1% in healthy patients, and the multivariate model noted an odds ratio of 9.43 for these patients (95% confidence interval = 5.92-14.93; P < .001). The odds of all studied complications were highest in the frail/hypoalbuminemic group. CONCLUSION Frailty and hypoalbuminemia represent distinct conditions and are independent risk factors for a complication after TKA. Their coexistence imparts a synergistic association with the risk of post-TKA complications.
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Abstract
Abstract
Gluten consumption has been controversially associated with obesity in previous studies. We sought to examine this association at the worldwide level.
Country specific data were obtained from 168 countries. Scatter plots, bivariate, partial correlation and multiple linear regression models were used to explore and compare the coincidence between obesity prevalence and consumption of gluten, non-gluten cereal protein and total cereal protein respectively. The established risk factors of obesity: caloric intake, sedentary lifestyle, urbanization, socioeconomic status, meat protein intake and sugar consumption were included in analyses as potential confounders. The 168 countries were also stratified into developing and developed country groupings for further examination of the relationships.
Worldwide, bivariate correlation analyses revealed that the strength and direction of correlations between all variables (independent, dependent and potential confounders) were at similar levels. Obesity prevalence was positively correlated to gluten consumption but was negatively correlated to consumption of non-gluten cereal protein, and was in almost nil correlation to total cereal protein consumption. These relationships were similar across all countries (n= 168), developed country grouping (N=44) and developing country grouping (n=124). When caloric intake, Gross Domestic Product at Purchasing Power Parity, sedentary lifestyle and urbanization were kept statistically constant in the partial correlation analysis, obesity was significantly correlated to gluten consumption in all countries, developed country grouping and developing country grouping, and was significantly but inversely and weakly correlated to non-gluten cereal protein in all countries and developing countries, and was in almost nil correlation to total cereal protein in all country groupings. Globally, stepwise multiple regression analysis, when all the independent variables and potential confounding factors were included, selected consumption of sugar as the variable having the greatest influence on obesity with R2 = 0.510, while gluten was placed second increasing R2 to 0.596. Gluten consumption may have been emerging as an inconspicuous, but significant cause of obesity. While Westernization has driven the diet patterns worldwide to incorporate more gluten crops, obesity prevalence projection methods may estimate future obesity rates poorly if gluten consumption is not considered.
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Aktary ML, Eller LK, Nicolucci AC, Reimer RA. Cross-sectional analysis of the health profile and dietary intake of a sample of Canadian adults diagnosed with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Food Nutr Res 2020; 64:4548. [PMID: 33061886 PMCID: PMC7534951 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v64.4548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary intake is an important factor in the development and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, optimal dietary composition remains unclear. Moreover, there is minimal evidence on the relationship between dietary intake and markers of liver health in Canadian adults diagnosed with NAFLD. Objective The aim of this study is to characterize the dietary intake of a sample of Canadian adults diagnosed with NAFLD and examine the correlations with markers of liver health. Design Forty-two adults recruited from the community and hepatology clinics in Calgary, Canada from 2016 to 2019 completed a 3-day food record. Anthropometrics, blood biomarkers, liver stiffness (FibroScan), and liver fat (magnetic resonance imaging) were measured. Nutrient intake was compared with the data from the 2004 and 2015 Canadian Community Health Surveys. Relationships were assessed using Pearson’s correlation and regression analysis. Results Relative to Canadian dietary recommendations, participants consumed lower magnesium, fiber, calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin E, and higher cholesterol, saturated fat, total fat, fructose, iron, vitamin B12, selenium, phosphorus, and sodium. Compared with the national average, participants consumed more energy, fiber, sodium, total fat, and saturated fat. Systolic blood pressure (P = 0.012), serum α-2 macroglobulin (P = 0.008), carbohydrate (P = 0.022), total fat (P = 0.029), and saturated fat intakes (P = 0.029) were associated with FibroScan scores. Liver fat was correlated with serum triglycerides (P < 0.001), trunk fat (P = 0.029), added sugar (P = 0.042), phosphorus (P = 0.017), and magnesium intake (P = 0.013). In females, selenium intake was associated with liver fat (P = 0.015) and FibroScan score (P = 0.05), while in males, liver fat was associated with trunk fat (P = 0.004), body weight (P = 0.004), high-density lipoprotein (P < 0.001), and fructose intake (P = 0.037). Regression analysis showed that increasing magnesium intake corresponds to a decrease in liver fat. Conclusion Despite the higher energy intake of participants, overall nutrient intake is low, suggesting lower diet quality. Associations between select micronutrients and liver health markers warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindsay K Eller
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | | | - Raylene A Reimer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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69
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Bacârea A, Bacârea VC, Tarcea M. The relation between prepregnancy maternal body mass index and total gestational weight gain with the characteristics of the newborns. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 35:3284-3289. [PMID: 32924693 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1818205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the relationship between the maternal body mass index (BMI) and total gestational weight gain (GWG) with the characteristics of newborns, taking into consideration the birth weight (BW), weight for age score (WfA), length for age (LfA), and weight for length (WfL), APGAR score, and premature delivery. METHODS We conducted a study, from March 2015 to 2016. We included a number of 1218 pregnant women who delivered single babies, from three different hospitals that serve the entire Mures County and who met our inclusion criteria. RESULTS We did not find significant differences regarding weight, length at birth, and gestational age, between girls and boys, neither between total GWG during pregnancy and the measured anthropometric parameters of the newborns, or between maternal GWG and gestational age of the newborns. We found a positive correlation between the mothers' BMI and the BW of the newborns (p =.03, r = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.0036-0.1169), but not between BMI and the birth length and nor with APGAR score. The statistical analysis showed a positive correlation between BMI and LfA (p = .01, r = 0.07, 95%CI = 0.0141-0.1269), but not with WfA and WfL. Women with higher BMI before getting pregnant showed significantly higher frequency of preterm delivery (p = .0078). We found a statistically significant correlation between GWG and BW (p<.0001). Excessive GWG correlates statistically significant with BW (p < .0001). CONCLUSIONS We found a positive correlation between the mothers' BMI and excessive GWG and the BW of their newborns in women delivering a single baby. Women with higher BMI showed significantly higher frequency of preterm delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Bacârea
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology "George Emil Palade", Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Vladimir Constantin Bacârea
- Department of Scientific Research Methodology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology "George Emil Palade", Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Monica Tarcea
- Department of Community Nutrition and Food Safety, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology "George Emil Palade", Targu Mures, Romania
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Czick M, Shapter C, Shapter R. COVID's Razor: RAS Imbalance, the Common Denominator Across Disparate, Unexpected Aspects of COVID-19. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:3169-3192. [PMID: 32982349 PMCID: PMC7495349 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s265518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A modern iteration of Occam's Razor posits that "the simplest explanation is usually correct." Coronavirus Disease 2019 involves widespread organ damage and uneven mortality demographics, deemed unexpected from what was originally thought to be "a straightforward respiratory virus." The simplest explanation is that both the expected and unexpected aspects of COVID-19 share a common mechanism. Silent hypoxia, atypical acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), stroke, olfactory loss, myocarditis, and increased mortality rates in the elderly, in men, in African-Americans, and in patients with obesity, diabetes, and cancer-all bear the fingerprints of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) imbalance, suggesting that RAS is the common culprit. This article examines what RAS is and how it works, then from that baseline, the article presents the evidence suggesting RAS involvement in the disparate manifestations of COVID-19. Understanding the deeper workings of RAS helps one make sense of severe COVID-19. In addition, recognizing the role of RAS imbalance suggests potential routes to mitigate COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Czick
- University of Connecticut, Department of Anesthesia, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | - Robert Shapter
- Independent Consultant ( Medical Research, Medical Communications, and Medical Education), Hartford, CT, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for severe and complex obesity; however, the risk of developing nutrient deficiencies varies based upon the type of surgery, degree of malabsorption, and level of nutrition intervention. There are numerous factors that can impact the nutrition status of a patient during their pre- and postoperative journey. We review the critical components and considerations needed in order to provide optimal nutrition care for patients with bariatric surgery. RECENT FINDINGS A dietitian, specializing in bariatric surgery, is the best equipped healthcare provider to prepare and support patients in achieving and maintaining optimal nutrition status. We present best practices for both the pre- and postoperative nutrition-related phases of a patient's journey. The dietitian specialist is integral in the assessment and ongoing nutrition care of patients with bariatric surgery. Further consideration should be given to enable access for lifelong follow-up and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Parrott
- Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Program, Penn Medicine, Clinical Practices of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | | | - Mary O'Kane
- Department of nutrition and dietetics, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Great George Street, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS1 3EX, UK.
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Scrinis G. Reframing malnutrition in all its forms: A critique of the tripartite classification of malnutrition. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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73
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Αntoniadou M, Varzakas T. Breaking the vicious circle of diet, malnutrition and oral health for the independent elderly. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3233-3255. [PMID: 32686465 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1793729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging impairs senses, mastication, oral status and function, causing nutritional needs and diet insufficiencies. The present needs of independent older adults suggest that health research and oral health care should shift from reductionist disease management to integral and personal treatment plans, including lifestyle, psychological, nutritional and oral health coaching approaches. Dentists and other medical professionals that work in the field of gerodontology should be educated on the macro and micronutrient needs of the elderly and incorporate certain nutritional plans early in the life of their patients with their approval and cooperation, in order to postpone tooth loss and masticatory impairment. Old recipes such as the Mediterranean diet should be kept as a base for all the elderly and be enriched in a customized interpersonal way from the dentist as well as the medical professional according to the specific needs of one's oral and general health status. In this nonsystematic review paper, the basic aspects of the vicious cycle of nutrition and oral health status are discussed and suggestions of major nutrients' influence and needs for independent elders are reported. Based on the scientific data collected, suggestions are made for the food industry for better quality and dosage of foods for this category of individuals. Such strategies can be a whole new area of interest for the food industry in order to obtain better quality of food packaging for the independent OA with accepted texture, odor, colors, macronutrients and micronutrients' consistency and in specific portions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Αntoniadou
- Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Varzakas
- Dept. Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, Kalamata, Greece
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74
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Said E, Mousa S, Fawzi M, Sabry NA, Farid S. Combined effect of high-dose vitamin A, vitamin E supplementation, and zinc on adult patients with diabetes: A randomized trial. J Adv Res 2020; 28:27-33. [PMID: 33364042 PMCID: PMC7753230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hyperglycemia leads to oxidative insult. Vitamins A and E have antioxidant potentials and may help in managing diabetes. The combined effect of high-dose vitamin A plus E supplementation with and without zinc on T2DM, has never been examined. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of high-dose vitamin A plus E supplementation (AE) versus high-dose vitamin A plus E with zinc (AEZ), on different diabetic parameters. Ninety-eight patients with T2DM were randomized to receive either: 50,000 IU vitamin A and 100 mg vitamin E (AE group, N = 36), an equivalent dose of vitamin A and E combined with 25 mg zinc (AEZ group, N = 35), or no supplements (control group, N = 27) for three months. Compared to control, AEZ group showed significant reductions in fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) with significant increases in homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function and difference value of fasting insulin. Two hair loss cases were recorded in both treated groups. Although vitamin A needs dose moderation, these results suggest that, high-dose vitamin A plus E supplementation combined with zinc may improve glycemic control, β-cell function, and insulin secretion in adults with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Said
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Shrook Mousa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - May Fawzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Nirmeen A Sabry
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Samar Farid
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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Adenan DM, Jaafar Z, Jayapalan JJ, Abdul Aziz A. Plasma antioxidants and oxidative stress status in obese women: correlation with cardiopulmonary response. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9230. [PMID: 32477840 PMCID: PMC7243812 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A high body fat coupled with low cardiopulmonary fitness and an increase in oxidative stress has been connoted as contributing factors in developing cardiovascular comorbidities. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between antioxidants and oxidative stress status with cardiopulmonary responses in women of different body mass index (BMI). SUBJECTS AND METHODS Eighty female adults were recruited and divided into three groups; normal weight (n = 23), overweight (n = 28) and obese (n = 29), according to their BMI. Blood samples were obtained prior to cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Plasma samples were separated by centrifugation and analysed for enzymatic antioxidant activity including catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Non-enzymatic antioxidant activities were assessed using 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assays. To evaluate the oxidative stress status of subjects, levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, the by-product of lipid peroxidation, were measured. Cardiopulmonary responses were analysed using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) which involved 15 various parameters such as peak oxygen consumption, metabolic equivalents and respiratory exchange ratio. RESULTS The obese group had significantly lower ABTS radical scavenging and FRAP activities than the normal weight group. A higher catalase activity was observed in the obese group than the normal weight group. Spearman's correlation showed an inverse relationship between catalase and peak oxygen consumption, while partial correlation analysis showed inverse correlations between superoxide dismutase and respiratory frequency, ABTS activity and oxygen pulse, and between ABTS activity and cardiac output. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate a lower cardiovascular fitness and antioxidant capacity in obese women; the higher catalase activity may be a compensatory mechanism. The negative correlations found between these two parameters may indicate the potential effect of antioxidants on the cardiopulmonary system and deserve further analysis in a larger population. Nevertheless, this study provides the basis for future studies to further explore the relationships between redox status and cardiopulmonary responses. This can potentially be used to predict future risk of developing diseases associated with oxidative stress, especially pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dyg Mastura Adenan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zulkarnain Jaafar
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Azlina Abdul Aziz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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76
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McKay J, Ho S, Jane M, Pal S. Overweight & obese Australian adults and micronutrient deficiency. BMC Nutr 2020; 6:12. [PMID: 32377370 PMCID: PMC7193396 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-020-00336-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Micronutrients have been implicated as an important factor in regulating various metabolic processes and thus playing a role in the aetiology of obesity. Many studies have been conducted worldwide that clearly show a direct link between obesity and micronutrient deficiencies. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status of overweight and obese Australian adults to see if there were any associations between BMI and serum micronutrient levels. Methods Baseline serum micronutrient data of overweight and obese individuals with a body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 40 kg/m2 and aged between 18 and 65 years was compared to the clinical micronutrient reference ranges for associations between BMI and micronutrient status. Results There were significant negative associations between BMI and serum vitamin D (p = 0.044), folate (p = 0.025), magnesium (p = 0.010) and potassium (p = 0.023). Conclusions Overweight and obesity appears to impact on the bioavailability and utilisation of micronutrients with absorption, excretion, storage/distribution (fat sequestering, tissue dispersion), metabolism (catabolic losses, possibly oxidative), increased physiologic requirements, and lower absolute total dietary intake being the current theory for observed differences. While vitamins D, folate, magnesium and potassium showed a negative relationship to BMI, other micronutrients did not. This may be explained by the fortification of certain processed foods, or the possibility of overweight and obese people eating more to satisfy their nutritional requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny McKay
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Suleen Ho
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Monica Jane
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Sebely Pal
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
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77
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Ratsavong K, van Elsacker T, Doungvichit D, Siengsounthone L, Kounnavong S, Essink D. Are dietary intake and nutritional status influenced by gender? The pattern of dietary intake in Lao PDR: a developing country. Nutr J 2020; 19:31. [PMID: 32278347 PMCID: PMC7151640 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-020-00545-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recognition of discrepancies between men and women in nutritional intake is important to tackle food and nutrition insecurity and the often-double burden of malnutrition. The purpose of this study was to assess nutritional status and dietary intake of the Lao population, with a focus on possible influences of gender. Methods Dietary intake was assessed in a national cross-sectional study of 1771 randomized participants aged from 1.01 to 89 years, using 24-h dietary recall. Dietary reference intakes were used to assess nutrient insufficiency. Chi-square test was used to evaluate gender differences and multiple univariate logistic regression to examine associations between gender, nutritional status, demographics and nutrient insufficiency. Results Nutrient insufficiencies were higher among pregnant and lactating women than other adult men and women, especially for protein and micronutrients such as vitamin B3, B1, C and other vitamins. Dietary intake and BMI were similar between men and women; all had insufficient intake of all types of nutrients, except sodium. However, women had lower intake than men for almost all nutrients and age groups. The prevalence of overnutrition was higher among those aged 18 years and over for both sexes. Among adult women (15–49.9 years old) and older adult women (50 years old or above), the proportions were: underweight 8.6% (both groups), overweight 18.4 and 20.5%, and obese 34.2 and 39.1%, respectively. Among pregnant and lactating women, the rates of underweight were 7.5 and 1.4%, of overweight were 17.8 and 27.1%, and obese, 21.9 and 40.0%. Among adult and older men, 3.2 and 8.3% were underweight; 21.0 and 18.6% were overweight and 28.2 and 27.6% were obese. Multiple univariate logistic regressions revealed that the factors rural area, dry season and Northern-Lowland region were associated with inadequate micronutrient intake among children, adolescents and adults of both genders. Conclusions Dietary intakes were alarmingly micronutrient-insufficient. Macronutrient imbalance and double burden of malnutrition were confirmed in both sexes. Gender differences were limited; men and women had similarly insufficient intakes, but pregnant and lactating women were disproportionately affected. Nutritional interventions should also take men and older people into account to solve nutrition problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dirk Essink
- Athena Institute, Vrije University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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78
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Szczuko M, Hawryłkowicz V, Kikut J, Drozd A. The implications of vitamin content in the plasma in reference to the parameters of carbohydrate metabolism and hormone and lipid profiles in PCOS. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 198:105570. [PMID: 31883924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
So far, there have been no analyses of correlations between the level of water-soluble vitamins in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hormone and lipid profiles as well as carbohydrate metabolism. The unpopular concept that PCOS may also be conditioned by a chronic infection leads to a suspicion that water-soluble vitamins may be involved in the struggle against PCOS. This is why the aim of this research was to determine whether there are any indications that could confirm this hypothesis. The study included 64 women of Caucasian race: 50 patients aged 29.52 ± 7.01 years with PCOS, diagnosed according to the Rotterdam criteria. The control group consisted of 14 women aged 30.23 ± 6.3 years with correct BMI. HPLC Infinity1260 Binary LC (Agilent Technologies, Waldbronn, Germany) was used to analyze nine vitamins. The vitamins were separated using the gradient method, a buffer of 25 mM HK2PO4 with pH equal to 7.0, and 100 % methanol buffer. The acquired results were compared using Statistica 12.0 (Statsoft, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA). Non-parametric tests were used: Mann-Whitney tests for comparisons between groups (PCOS and control group, CG), in which p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Subsequently, we performed a correlation matrix of the biochemical parameters of blood with vitamins at p ≤ 0.05. Higher concentrations of ascorbic acid were observed in PCOS. The content of the remaining vitamins was higher in the control group, and the statistical differences were significant in reference to thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine and folic acid in comparison to the control group. A significant positive correlation was observed between vitamin C and testosterone/insulin, another between riboflavin and androstenedione/testosterone, next between biotin and thyrotropic hormone (TSH), between pantothenic acid and dehydroepiandrosteron (DHEA-SO4), and finally between pyridoxine and androstenedione. A negative correlation was observed in the case of niacin with sex hormone binding protein (SHBG) and high density lipoprotein (HDL). Water-soluble vitamins play an important role in the therapy of women with PCOS through the reduction of antioxidative stress and low-intensity inflammation caused by various factors, including chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Szczuko
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Viktoria Hawryłkowicz
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Justyna Kikut
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Arleta Drozd
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland.
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79
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Rahman TM, Fleifel D, Padela MT, Anoushiravani A, Rizvi SA, El-Othmani MM, Sayeed Z. Interventions for Obesity and Nutritional Status in Arthroplasty Patients. JBJS Rev 2020; 8:e0161. [PMID: 32224637 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.19.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional risk in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty has been well-studied with regard to diagnostic criteria; however, therapeutic management of abnormal body mass index (BMI) values and serum markers remains to be studied in patients undergoing joint replacement surgery. Patients with a BMI value of >40 kg/m2 are at increased risk for postoperative complications; weight loss programs and bariatric surgery are therapeutic modalities that can be used in the prehabilitation and long-term rehabilitation of patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty. Management of patients with abnormal nutritional status should be multidisciplinary and allow for the incorporation of dietitians and nutritionists in therapeutic planning. Hypoalbuminemia correction can be completed intravenously or orally; however, arthroplasty studies remain lacking with regard to the preferred modalities of correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahsin M Rahman
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Dominik Fleifel
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Muhammad T Padela
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | | | | | - Zain Sayeed
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan
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80
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Abdollahi S, Toupchian O, Jayedi A, Meyre D, Tam V, Soltani S. Zinc Supplementation and Body Weight: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:398-411. [PMID: 31504083 PMCID: PMC7442320 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of zinc supplementation on anthropometric measures. In this systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from database inception to August 2018 for relevant randomized controlled trials. Mean differences and SDs for each outcome were pooled using a random-effects model. Furthermore, a dose-response analysis for zinc dosage was performed using a fractional polynomial model. Quality of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. Twenty-seven trials (n = 1438 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. There were no significant changes in anthropometric measures after zinc supplementation in the overall analysis. However, subgroup analyses revealed that zinc supplementation increased body weight in individuals undergoing hemodialysis (HD) [3 trials, n = 154 participants; weighted mean difference (WMD) = 1.02 kg; 95% CI: 0.38, 1.65 kg; P = 0.002; I2 = 11.4%] and decreased body weight in subjects who are overweight/obese but otherwise healthy (5 trials, n = 245 participants; WMD = -0.55 kg; 95% CI: -1.06, -0.04 kg; P = 0.03; I2 = 31.5%). Dose-response analyses revealed a significant nonlinear effect of supplementation dosage on BMI (P = 0.001). Our data suggest that zinc supplementation increases body weight in patients undergoing HD and decreases body weight in individuals who are overweight/obese but otherwise healthy, although after normalization for study duration, the association observed in subjects who are overweight/obese disappeared. Although more high-quality studies are needed to reach a definitive conclusion, our study supports the view that zinc may be associated with body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Abdollahi
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Omid Toupchian
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jayedi
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - David Meyre
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vivian Tam
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sepideh Soltani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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81
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Lee YA, Kim SH, Kim HN, Song SW. Are There Differences in Hair Mineral Concentrations Between Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obese Adults? Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 193:311-318. [PMID: 30972534 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01714-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. However, obesity is not a homogenous state and not all subjects in an obese population are at an increased risk for metabolic abnormalities. Thus, obesity types can be subdivided into metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) according to metabolic status. Body minerals are important and are involved in various metabolic processes that may be related to obesity. Thus, this study determined whether hair mineral concentrations differ between MHO and MUO adults. The associations between metabolic risk factors and hair mineral concentrations were analyzed in 141 obese Korean adults (62 MHO subjects and 79 MUO subjects). The MUO subjects showed significantly higher triglyceride levels, systolic blood pressure, waist circumference and body mass index, lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and greater insulin resistance as reflected by the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index compared with MHO subjects. No significant differences in hair mineral concentrations were detected between MHO and MUO adults. Hair iron and cobalt concentrations were significantly negatively correlated with blood pressure in subjects with MHO. In addition, hair zinc concentration was associated with decreased systolic blood pressure. The results of this study suggest that mineral status in obese adults may play a role in metabolic abnormalities. Further studies with a larger number of subjects are warranted to identify the nature of the relationship between hair mineral status and metabolic risk in MHO and MUO subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ah Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hong Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Na Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Song
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
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82
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Huang X, Guo Y, Li P, Ma X, Dong S, Hu H, Li Y, Yuan L. Association of Circulating Retinol and α-TOH Levels with Cognitive Function in Aging Subject with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Nutr Health Aging 2020; 24:290-299. [PMID: 32115610 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Malnutrition of vitamin A (retinol) and vitamin E (α-tocopherol, α-TOH) was observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or dementia patients. However, how these vitamins affect cognitive function of subjects with T2DM was seldom reported. The objective of this study was to determine the association of circulating retinol and α-TOH with cognition in aging subjects with T2DM. METHODS A total of 448 T2DM subjects and 448 age, gender and education matched control subjects (aged 55-75 years) were included in the study. Demographic characters of the participants were collected. Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) method was used to collect dietary intake information. To assess the status of cognition, the MoCA test was used. Circulating retinol and α-TOH levels were compared between T2DM and non-T2DM subjects. Correlation of circulating retinol and α-TOH levels with cognitive function was analyzed in T2DM subjects. The effect of serum retinol and α-TOH levels on the risk of MCI in T2DM patients was explored. RESULTS We found that T2DM-MCI subjects demonstrate lower serum retinol level than T2DM-nonMCI subjects (P < 0.01). Serum retinol level was positively correlated to cognitive function in T2DM subject (P < 0.05). T2DM subjects with higher circulating retinol level demonstrate higher cognitive scores in visual and executive, attention, language, memory and delayed recall domains (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Diminished circulating retinol predicts an increased risk of MCI in T2DM patients. Our findings provide suggestions that optimal retinol nutritional status might benefit cognition and decrease the risk of MCI in aging subjects with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Huang
- Linhong Yuan, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China, E-mail: , Tel: +86-010-83911652; Fax: +86-010-83911512
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83
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Bold J, Harris M, Fellows L, Chouchane M. Nutrition, the digestive system and immunity in COVID-19 infection. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2020; 13:331-340. [PMID: 33244375 PMCID: PMC7682975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The current review aimed to synthesize the literature on the complex relationship between food consumption and nutritional status as well as the digestive system in order to examine the relationship between immunity and potential responses to COVID-19 infection. The goal is to help inform the many healthcare professionals working with COVID-19 patients. A literature search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE databases. Hand searches were also undertaken using Google and reference lists to identify recent evidence. Studies were critically appraised, and the findings were analyzed by narrative synthesis. Nutritional status can impact immunity in several ways, including affecting susceptibility to infection, severity of disease, and recovery time, and is therefore a significant consideration in the management of COVID-19. COVID-19 can also impact digestive function, which can further impact nutritional status. The role of Vitamin D deficiency in vulnerability to severe respiratory infections, including COVID-19, has been recognized, and it may have a role in treatment where deficiency is indicated. Healthcare professionals should be aware that obesity may be accompanied by micronutrient malnutrition including vitamin D deficiency and alterations in the microbiome and inflammatory responses, which can further impact immunity and disease severity. Multidisciplinary team-work is recommended in the management of patients with COVID-19, and approaches should include a consideration of nutritional status (both macronutrients and micronutrients), body weight, and gastrointestinal signs and symptom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Bold
- School of Allied Health & Community, University of Worcester, Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK
- Centre for Medical Education, Medical School, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK
| | - Miranda Harris
- School of Allied Health & Community, University of Worcester, Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK
| | - Lindsey Fellows
- School of Allied Health & Community, University of Worcester, Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK
| | - Manal Chouchane
- School of Allied Health & Community, University of Worcester, Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK
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84
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Harari A, Coster ACF, Jenkins A, Xu A, Greenfield JR, Harats D, Shaish A, Samocha-Bonet D. Obesity and Insulin Resistance Are Inversely Associated with Serum and Adipose Tissue Carotenoid Concentrations in Adults. J Nutr 2020; 150:38-46. [PMID: 31504714 PMCID: PMC6946897 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low tissue concentrations of carotenoids have been suggested to contribute to insulin resistance in obesity. OBJECTIVES The objectives of the study were to 1) evaluate the relations of adipose tissue and serum carotenoids with body fat, abdominal fat distribution, muscle, adipose tissue and liver insulin resistance, and dietary intake; 2) evaluate the relations and distributions of carotenoids detected in adipose tissue and serum; and 3) compare serum carotenoids and retinol concentrations in subjects with and without obesity. METHODS Post hoc analysis of serum and adipose tissue carotenoids in individuals [n = 80; 31 men, 49 women; age (mean ± SEM): 51.4 ± 1.1 y] who participated in 2 separate studies conducted at the Clinical Research Facility at the Garvan Institute of Medical Research (Sydney) between 2008 and 2013. Retinol, α-carotene, β-carotene, ζ-carotene, lutein, lycopene, phytoene, and phytofluene were measured using HPLC. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Insulin resistance was measured by 2-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps with deuterated glucose (n = 64), and subcutaneous and visceral abdominal volume and liver and pancreatic fat by MRI (n = 60). Periumbilical subcutaneous fat biopsy was performed and carotenoids and retinol measured in the tissue (n = 16). RESULTS We found that ζ-carotene, phytoene, and phytofluene were stored in considerable amounts in adipose tissue (25% of adipose tissue carotenoids). Carotenoid concentrations in adipose tissue and serum correlated significantly, but they followed different distributions: ζ-carotene was 3-fold higher in adipose tissue compared with serum, while lutein and lycopene made up 20% and 21% of serum carotenoids compared with 2% and 12% of adipose tissue carotenoids, respectively. Liver (P ≤ 0.028) and adipose tissue (P = 0.023), but not muscle (P ≥ 0.16), insulin resistance correlated inversely with many of the serum carotenoids. CONCLUSIONS Multiple serum and adipose tissue carotenoids are associated with favorable metabolic traits, including insulin sensitivity in liver and adipose tissue in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Harari
- The Bert W Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Arthur Jenkins
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia,School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jerry R Greenfield
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dror Harats
- The Bert W Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aviv Shaish
- The Bert W Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel,Achva Academic College, Arugot, Israel
| | - Dorit Samocha-Bonet
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia,Address correspondence to DS-B (E-mail: )
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Diet Quality and Micronutrient Intake among Long-Term Weight Loss Maintainers. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11123046. [PMID: 31847176 PMCID: PMC6950482 DOI: 10.3390/nu11123046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inadequate vitamin and mineral intake is documented among individuals with obesity, but is unknown among long-term weight loss maintainers (WLM). This study examined dietary quality and micronutrient adequacy among WLMs in a commercial weight management program. Participants were 1207 WLM in Weight Watchers (WW) who had maintained a 9.1 kg or greater weight loss (29.7 kg on average) for 3.4 years and had a body mass index (BMI) of 28.3 kg/m2. A control group of weight stable adults with obesity (controls; N = 102) had a BMI of 41.1 kg/m2. Measures included the Diet History Questionnaire-II, Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI), and Dietary References Intakes. WLM versus controls had a 10.1 point higher HEI score (70.2 (69.7–70.7) vs. 60.1 (58.4–61.8); p = 0.0001) and greater odds of meeting recommendations for copper (OR = 5.8 (2.6–13.1)), magnesium (OR = 2.9 (1.8–4.7)), potassium (OR = 4.7 (1.4–16.5)), vitamin A (OR = 2.8 (1.7–4.8)), vitamin B6 (OR = 2.9 (1.6–5.2)), and vitamin C (OR = 5.0 (2.8–8.8)). WLM, compared to controls, also reported higher percentages of calories from carbohydrates (50.3% (49.7–50.8) vs. 46.7% (44.8–48.7); p = 0.0001) and protein (18.2% (18.0–18.5) vs. 15.9% (15.1–16.6); p = 0.0001) and lower calories from fat (32.3% (31.9–32.8) vs. 37.4% (35.8–38.9); p = 0.0001). Long-term weight loss maintenance in a widely used commercial program was associated with a healthier diet pattern, including consuming foods with higher micronutrient density.
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Andraos S, Wake M, Saffery R, Burgner D, Kussmann M, O'Sullivan J. Perspective: Advancing Understanding of Population Nutrient-Health Relations via Metabolomics and Precision Phenotypes. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:944-952. [PMID: 31098626 PMCID: PMC6855971 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet and lifestyle are vital to population health, but their true contribution is difficult to quantify using traditional methods. Nutrient-health relations are typically based on epidemiological associations that are assessed at the population level, traditionally using self-reported dietary and lifestyle data. Unfortunately, such measures are inherently inaccurate. New technologies such as metabolomics can measure nutritional and micronutrient profiles in body fluids, providing objective evaluation of nutritional status. A critical step toward accurate health prediction models would be the building of integrated repositories of nutritional measures combining subjective methods of reporting with objective metabolomics profiles and precise phenotypic data. Here we outline a roadmap to achieve this goal and discuss both the advantages and risks of this approach. We also highlight the uncertain associations between the complexity of high-dimensional data generated in 'omics research (along with the public confusion this may engender) and the rapid adoption of 'omics approaches by nutrition and health companies to develop nutritional products and services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa Wake
- The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Burgner
- The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin Kussmann
- Liggins Institute, Auckland, New Zealand,New Zealand National Science Challenge, High-Value Nutrition, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,Frontiers Media SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Justin O'Sullivan
- Liggins Institute, Auckland, New Zealand,New Zealand National Science Challenge, High-Value Nutrition, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,Address correspondence to JO (e-mail: )
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87
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Taleban R, Heidari-Beni M, Qorbani M, Esmaeil Motlagh M, Fazel-Tabar Malekshah A, Moafi M, Hani-Tabaei Zavareh N, Kelishadi R. Is dietary vitamin B intake associated with weight disorders in children and adolescents? The weight disorders survey of the CASPIAN-IV Study. Health Promot Perspect 2019; 9:299-306. [PMID: 31777710 PMCID: PMC6875549 DOI: 10.15171/hpp.2019.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Weight disorders are highly prevalent at the global level. Vitamin B groups are clearly involved in intracellular mechanisms, energy equation, and weight gain. The present study aims to evaluate the association of dietary vitamin B intake and obesity in a large pediatric population. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among children and adolescents, aged 6-18years, living in urban and rural areas of 30 provinces of Iran. The BMI-for-age classifications were as follow: percentile <0.1, (emaciated), 0.1 ≤percentile <2.35 (thin), 2.35 ≤percentile≤84.1 (normal), 84.1 <percentile ≤97.7 (overweight), 97.1 <percentile (obese). A valid 168-item semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess the usual dietary intake including vitamin B. Results: Out of 5606 children and adolescents participated (mean age: 11.62, SD: 3.32),46.8% were girls. The intake of thiamin, pyridoxine, niacin and pantothenic acid increased the likelihood of obesity, compared with the normal-weight group. Odds ratios (ORs) (95% CI) of obesity for vitamin B1, B3, B5, and B6 were 1.32 (1.14-1.53), 1.01 (1.00-1.02), 1.04 (1.00-1.08),and 1.20 (1.04-1.38), respectively. Riboflavin, cyanocobalamin, biotin and folic acid did not have any significant association with weight disorders (B2: OR=1.09, 95% CI =0.99-1.20); B12:OR=1.00, 95% CI=0.98-1.03; B8: OR=1.00, 95% CI=0.99-1.00 B9: OR=1.00, 95% CI=1.00-1.00). Conclusion: The current study showed a significant correlation between consumption of vitamin B group and increased risk of excess weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Taleban
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Motahar Heidari-Beni
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | | | - Mohammad Moafi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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88
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Surendran S, Jayashri R, Drysdale L, Bodhini D, Lakshmipriya N, Shanthi Rani CS, Sudha V, Lovegrove JA, Anjana RM, Mohan V, Radha V, Pradeepa R, Vimaleswaran KS. Evidence for the association between FTO gene variants and vitamin B12 concentrations in an Asian Indian population. GENES & NUTRITION 2019; 14:26. [PMID: 31516636 PMCID: PMC6728975 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-019-0649-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low vitamin B12 concentrations have been associated with major clinical outcomes, including adiposity, in Indian populations. The Fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) is an established obesity-susceptibility locus; however, it remains unknown whether it influences vitamin B12 status. Hence, we investigated the association of two previously studied FTO polymorphisms with vitamin B12 concentrations and metabolic disease-related outcomes and examined whether these associations were modified by dietary factors and physical activity. METHODS A total of 176 individuals with type 2 diabetes, 152 with pre-diabetes, and 220 normal glucose-tolerant individuals were randomly selected from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study. Anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical investigations, which included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, vitamin B12, homocysteine, and folic acid were measured. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used for dietary assessment and self-reported physical activity measures were collected. An unweighted genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated for two FTO single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs8050136 and rs2388405) by summation of the number of risk alleles for obesity. Interaction analyses were performed by including the interaction terms in the regression model. RESULTS The GRS was significantly associated with increased BMI (P = 0.009) and risk of obesity (P = 0.023). Individuals carrying more than one risk allele for the GRS had 13.13% lower vitamin B12 concentrations, compared to individuals carrying zero risk alleles (P = 0.018). No associations between the GRS and folic acid and homocysteine concentrations were observed. Furthermore, no statistically significant GRS-diet or GRS-physical activity interactions with vitamin B12, folic acid, homocysteine or metabolic-disease outcomes were observed. CONCLUSION The study shows for the first time that a genetic risk score using two FTO SNPs is associated with lower vitamin B12 concentrations; however, we did not identify any evidence for the influence of lifestyle factors on this association. Further replication studies in larger cohorts are warranted to investigate the association between the GRS and vitamin B12 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelini Surendran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP UK
| | - Ramamoorthy Jayashri
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan’s Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600086 India
| | - Lauren Drysdale
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Dhanasekaran Bodhini
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - Nagarajan Lakshmipriya
- Department of Foods, Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | | | - Vasudevan Sudha
- Department of Foods, Nutrition and Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - Julie A. Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP UK
| | - Ranjit M. Anjana
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan’s Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600086 India
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan’s Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600086 India
| | - Venkatesan Radha
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - Rajendra Pradeepa
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan’s Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, ICMR Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600086 India
| | - Karani S. Vimaleswaran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP UK
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89
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Potential Nutritional Deficiencies in Obese Subjects 5 Years After Bariatric Surgery. Bariatr Surg Pract Patient Care 2019. [DOI: 10.1089/bari.2019.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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90
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New York Arthroplasty Council (NYAC) Consensus on Reducing Risk in Total Joint Arthroplasty: Obesity. Tech Orthop 2019. [DOI: 10.1097/bto.0000000000000392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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91
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Abstract
Bariatric surgeries are considered the only effective way of weight loss therapy in morbidly obese patients, i.e. body mass index ≥ 35. However, micronutrient deficiencies and malnutrition are common after most bariatric procedures and thus, pre- and postoperative nutritional assessment and corrections are advised. The present review is presented in an effort to describe in some detail about prevalence, and mechanisms of macro- and micronutrient deficiencies in obese and post-bariatric surgery individuals. We also aimed to summarize the data on screening and supplementation of macro- and micronutrients before and after bariatric surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonmoon Mohapatra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Peter's University Hospital - Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Keerthana Gangadharan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Peter's University Hospital - Rutgers Robert Wood, Johnson School of Medicine, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Capecomorin S Pitchumoni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Nutrition, Saint Peter's University Hospital - Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, New Brunswick, NJ, United States.
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92
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Risk Factors for Unhealthy Weight Gain and Obesity among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133285. [PMID: 31277383 PMCID: PMC6650879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder characterized by social and communication deficits and repetitive behaviors. Children with ASD are also at a higher risk for developing overweight or obesity than children with typical development (TD). Childhood obesity has been associated with adverse health outcomes, including insulin resistance, diabetes, heart disease, and certain cancers. Importantly some key factors that play a mediating role in these higher rates of obesity include lifestyle factors and biological influences, as well as secondary comorbidities and medications. This review summarizes current knowledge about behavioral and lifestyle factors that could contribute to unhealthy weight gain in children with ASD, as well as the current state of knowledge of emerging risk factors such as the possible influence of sleep problems, the gut microbiome, endocrine influences and maternal metabolic disorders. We also discuss some of the clinical implications of these risk factors and areas for future research.
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93
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Miclotte L, Van de Wiele T. Food processing, gut microbiota and the globesity problem. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1769-1782. [PMID: 30945554 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1596878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the context of diseases of affluence, western diets have in the past years mainly been studied on their fat and sugar content and lack of dietary fiber. Yet, the more general aspect of food processing has recently sparked scientific interest as well. In addition, the gut microbiota have been put forward as an important link between diet, obesity and non-communicable diseases (NCD). Western dietary patterns, containing large amounts of processed foods might create an imbalance in the gut system by affecting gut bacteria and their metabolism. Here we discuss what has been already published regarding the relationship between several recently researched features of processed foods and the etiology of obesity and NCD. The addressed features concern micronutrient and energy density, several types of food additives and the generation of advanced glycation end products by thermal treatment during food processing. Overall, literature indicates that all discussed aspects can be linked to western ailments and that they can have a potential negative impact on human microbiota. Therefore, we propose that the thesis that a distressed gut microbiota is a mechanism that might explain how food processing features could harm human health is gaining empirical evidence. Future research will need to address the question whether the alteration of the gut microbiota is a direct or an indirect (via the host) effect. These conclusions are important assets in the fight against the continuing worldwide upsurge of obesity and NCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Miclotte
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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94
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Adnan MT, Amin MN, Uddin MG, Hussain MS, Sarwar MS, Hossain MK, Uddin SMN, Islam MS. Increased concentration of serum MDA, decreased antioxidants and altered trace elements and macro-minerals are linked to obesity among Bangladeshi population. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:933-938. [PMID: 31336547 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Obesity is an emerging public health concern in Bangladesh. This study aimed to find the levels of the serum malondialdehyde (MDA), non-enzymatic antioxidants (vitamin A, C and E), trace elements (zinc and iron) and macro-minerals (calcium, potassium and sodium) in obesity and its action in disease advancement. METHODS Level of lipid peroxidation was estimated by measurement of the serum concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA). Vitamin A and E concentration was found by RP-HPLC method and vitamin C was assessed for serum ascorbic acid by UV spectrophotometric method. Serum trace elements (Zn and Fe) and macro-minerals (Na, K and Ca) were estimated by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). RESULTS Our study observed significantly elevated concentrations of MDA (p < 0.001) and depleted concentrations of antioxidants (vitamin A, E and C) (p < 0.05) in the patient than control group. Analysis of serum trace elements (Zn and Fe) and macro-minerals (Na, K and Ca) and found that the mean values of Zn, Fe, Na, K and Ca were 0.39 ± 0.02 and 0.43 ± 0.03, 3284.81 ± 34.51, 162.18 ± 3.72, 44.62 ± 2.13 mg/L for the patient and 0.91 ± 0.13, 0.88 ± 0.06, 2562.74 ± 95.92, 243.58 ± 8.97, 87.66 ± 2.10 mg/L for the controls, consequently. There was a substantial difference in trace elements and macro-minerals between the patients and controls (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our study proposes that increased serum concentrations of MDA and decreased non-enzymatic antioxidant and altered trace elements and macro-minerals are powerfully related with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Tarek Adnan
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Nurul Amin
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Uttara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Giash Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Uttara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saddam Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahid Sarwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kamrul Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh
| | - S M Naim Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Safiqul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh.
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95
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Armendáriz-Fernández KV, Herrera-Hernández IM, Muñoz-Márquez E, Sánchez E. Characterization of Bioactive Compounds, Mineral Content, and Antioxidant Activity in Bean Varieties Grown with Traditional Methods in Oaxaca, Mexico. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8010026. [PMID: 30654515 PMCID: PMC6356504 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study is to characterize the bean varieties produced in the State of Oaxaca (Mexico) with the purpose of selecting varieties with the potential of being biofortified with micronutrients. Eleven bean varieties representative of the State of Oaxaca (Mexico) were harvested, the color was characterized and the physicochemical analysis, mineral content, antioxidant capacity, reducing power, and bioactive compounds were determined. Data obtained were subjected to a variance analysis for the difference between the means of the bean varieties studied through the 95% Tukey test. The results obtained show the significant difference was found among the 11 bean varieties harvested in Oaxaca (México). The analysis found five outstanding varieties with a larger quantity of favorable characteristics on the iron, zinc, protein content, antioxidant capacity and reducing power. The outstanding varieties relating Fe and Zn content were Michigan for Fe 67.4 ppm, Sangre de Toro 62.4 ppm, which showed the larger content of antioxidant capacity (82.12%) scavenging activity and Biche for Zn 34.7 ppm. The variety with a larger quantity of protein (26.66%) was Biche bean, followed by the Peruano bean with 24.91% of protein. The variety with larger content of reducing power 0.16% was Blanco Michigan bean. Lastly, it is also remarkable that such outstanding bean varieties are important to include in a biofortification program with micro-nutrients to improve the food safety and the nutrition in vulnerable communities of the urban and rural sector of Oaxaca (Mexico).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Vanesa Armendáriz-Fernández
- Universidad Tecnológica de Camargo, Campus Meoqui, Avenida Ignacio Zaragoza y Manuel Ojinaga. Cd. Meoqui, Chihuahua C.P 33130, Mexico.
| | - Ibeth Marlene Herrera-Hernández
- Universidad Tecnológica de Camargo, Campus Meoqui, Avenida Ignacio Zaragoza y Manuel Ojinaga. Cd. Meoqui, Chihuahua C.P 33130, Mexico.
| | - Ezequiel Muñoz-Márquez
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Avenida Cuarta Sur No. 3820 Fraccionamiento Vencedores del desierto. Delicias, Chihuahua C.P 33089, Mexico.
| | - Esteban Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Avenida Cuarta Sur No. 3820 Fraccionamiento Vencedores del desierto. Delicias, Chihuahua C.P 33089, Mexico.
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96
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Armborst D, Metzner C, Bitterlich N, Lemperle M, Siener R. Effect of a weight-loss stabilization following a weight reduction with or without meal replacement on cardiometabolic risk in overweight women. A randomized controlled trial. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 70:453-466. [PMID: 30621476 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2018.1537363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of a 3-month weight-loss-stabilization phase (phase 2) following a successful 3-month weight-loss phase (phase 1), including a conventional energy-restricted diet with (MR) or without (C) meal replacement, on the cardiometabolic risk profile in 80 overweight women. In phase 2, both groups continued to significantly reduce weight and sustained the significant decreases in waist circumference and LDL-C. During the study, folic acid concentration significantly increased in the MR-group, while homocysteine concentration significantly worsened in the C-group. After 6 months, the number of women with hypertriglyceridemic waist was significantly reduced in both the groups, however with metabolic syndrome and metabolically unhealthy abdominal obesity (MUHAO) only in the MR-group. In conclusion, both strategies were equally effective for weight loss and weight-loss stabilization. The micronutrient supplementation with MR seemed to have an additional beneficial impact on the cardiometabolic risk in the MR-group versus the C-group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Armborst
- a Department of Urology , Medical Nutrition Science, University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Christine Metzner
- b Department of Internal Medicine III , University Hospital, RWTH , Aachen , Germany.,c Bonn Education Association for Dietetics r. A , Cologne , Germany
| | - Norman Bitterlich
- d Department of Biostatistics , Medicine and Service Ltd , Chemnitz , Germany
| | - Martin Lemperle
- e Outpatient Center for Nutrition Education , Frankfurt/Main , Germany
| | - Roswitha Siener
- a Department of Urology , Medical Nutrition Science, University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
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97
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Kim M, Basharat A, Santosh R, Mehdi SF, Razvi Z, Yoo SK, Lowell B, Kumar A, Brima W, Danoff A, Dankner R, Bergman M, Pavlov VA, Yang H, Roth J. Reuniting overnutrition and undernutrition, macronutrients, and micronutrients. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019; 35:e3072. [PMID: 30171821 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over-nutrition and its late consequences are a dominant theme in medicine today. In addition to the health hazards brought on by over-nutrition, the medical community has recently accumulated a roster of health benefits with obesity, grouped under "obesity paradox." Throughout the world and throughout history until the 20th century, under-nutrition was a dominant evolutionary force. Under-nutrition brings with it a mix of benefits and detriments that are opposite to and continuous with those of over-nutrition. This continuum yields J-shaped or U-shaped curves relating body mass index to mortality. The overweight have an elevated risk of dying in middle age of degenerative diseases while the underweight are at increased risk of premature death from infectious conditions. Micronutrient deficiencies, major concerns of nutritional science in the 20th century, are being neglected. This "hidden hunger" is now surprisingly prevalent in all weight groups, even among the overweight. Because micronutrient replacement is safe, inexpensive, and predictably effective, it is now an exceptionally attractive target for therapy across the spectrum of weight and age. Nutrition-related conditions worthy of special attention from caregivers include excess vitamin A, excess vitamin D, and deficiency of magnesium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miji Kim
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Anam Basharat
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Ramchandani Santosh
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Syed F Mehdi
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Zanali Razvi
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Sun K Yoo
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Barbara Lowell
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Amrat Kumar
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Wunnie Brima
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Ann Danoff
- Department of Medicine, Cpl. Michael J Crescenz Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel Dankner
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Bergman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Valentin A Pavlov
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Center for Biomedical Science and Center for Bioelectric Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Huan Yang
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Center for Biomedical Science and Center for Bioelectric Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Jesse Roth
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
- Center for Biomedical Science and Center for Bioelectric Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
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98
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Dutta S, Biswas A, Sengupta P. Obesity, endocrine disruption and male infertility. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/2305-0500.268133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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99
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Malnutrition and Metabolic Changes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/jim-2018-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background/Aim: In patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), malnutrition has been recognized as a serious health problem mainly in hospitalized conditions, but there is little data regarding malnutrition outside hospital settings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of malnutrition and associated metabolic changes in ambulatory patients with T2D.
Material and methods: This analysis used data collected from 161 patients with T2D enrolled in a larger cross-sectional study. Several anthropometric and metabolic parameters were obtained. Nutritional status was evaluated using the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score. Correlations between nutritional status and metabolic and anthropometric parameters of interest were examined.
Results: Of all T2D patients, 29.8% had mild malnutrition (CONUT score 2–4). These patients presented lower triglyceride (124.8 ± 42.3 mg/dL vs. 165.7 ± 84.3 mg/dL, p <0.01) and LDL cholesterol concentrations (62.7 ± 20.0 mg/dL vs. 104.9 ± 30.6 mg/dL, p <0.0001), higher leptin levels (10.2 [1.6–44.9] ng/mL vs. 7.3 [0.9–49.8] ng/mL, p <0.05) and free leptin index (0.65 [0.04–2.88] vs. 0.36 [0.01–3.98], p <0.05) compared with patients with normal nutritional status. They also had higher total body adiposity. In patients with obesity, triglycerides levels were lower in those with mild malnutrition vs. those without malnutrition (mean difference: 27.26 mg/dL, p <0.05). Serum C peptide/leptin ratio was higher in T2D patients with normal nutritional status without obesity, the differences being significant vs. the two groups with obesity (with or without malnutrition, 0.71 ± 0.53, 0.42 ± 0.33, and 0.49 ± 0.68, respectively). HOMA-IR was lower in patients with normal nutritional status without obesity vs. those with obesity (mean difference: −0.7126, p <0.05), while in patients with mild malnutrition, HOMA-IR values were higher, but no differences were noted between the groups with or without obesity.
Conclusion: In patients with T2D, malnutrition associated with lower triglycerides concentrations, even in the presence of obesity. Malnutrition and/or obesity associated with higher HOMA-IR, serum leptin levels and lower C peptide/leptin ratio.
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Skalnaya MG, Skalny AV, Grabeklis AR, Serebryansky EP, Demidov VA, Tinkov AA. Hair Trace Elements in Overweight and Obese Adults in Association with Metabolic Parameters. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 186:12-20. [PMID: 29497998 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1282-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the level of toxic and essential trace elements in hair of adult overweight and obese persons as well as its association with metabolic parameters. Hair trace element levels were assessed using inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry in 112 overweight and obese patients and 106 lean controls. Serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), glucose, uric acid (UA) levels, and cholinesterase (CE) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity were also assessed. Excessive body weight significantly affected hair trace element levels. In particular, hair Co (33%), Cu (13%), I (30%), Mg (2-fold), Mn (25%), Zn (17%), and Ni (21%) levels were lower, whereas Al (14%) and As levels were higher in comparison to those in the control group. Correlation analysis demonstrated the most significant correlations for hair Mg with body weight, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and UA, and for hair Al with body weight, BMI, TC, glucose, TG, CE, GGT, and UA. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that trace elements were not associated with TC and LDL-C levels neither in crude nor in adjusted models. In turn, crude and adjusted models accounted for 25 and 43% of serum TG variance. The most significant associations were observed for hair Al, Fe, Si, and V in adjusted model. The obtained data demonstrate that obesity-related metabolic disorders may be at least partially mediated by altered trace element and mineral levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita G Skalnaya
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklay St., 10/2, Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklay St., 10/2, Moscow, 117198, Russia
- Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya St., 14, Yaroslavl, 150000, Russia
- Institute of Bioelementology, Orenburg State University, Pobedy Ave., 13, Orenburg, 460018, Russia
| | - Andrey R Grabeklis
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklay St., 10/2, Moscow, 117198, Russia
- Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya St., 14, Yaroslavl, 150000, Russia
| | - Eugeny P Serebryansky
- Russian Society for Trace Elements in Medicine, Zemlyanoi Val, 46, Moscow, 105064, Russia
| | - Vasily A Demidov
- Russian Society for Trace Elements in Medicine, Zemlyanoi Val, 46, Moscow, 105064, Russia
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklay St., 10/2, Moscow, 117198, Russia.
- Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya St., 14, Yaroslavl, 150000, Russia.
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