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Sahoo K, Sundararajan V. Methods in DNA methylation array dataset analysis: A review. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:2304-2325. [PMID: 38845821 PMCID: PMC11153885 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the intricate relationships between gene expression levels and epigenetic modifications in a genome is crucial to comprehending the pathogenic mechanisms of many diseases. With the advancement of DNA Methylome Profiling techniques, the emphasis on identifying Differentially Methylated Regions (DMRs/DMGs) has become crucial for biomarker discovery, offering new insights into the etiology of illnesses. This review surveys the current state of computational tools/algorithms for the analysis of microarray-based DNA methylation profiling datasets, focusing on key concepts underlying the diagnostic/prognostic CpG site extraction. It addresses methodological frameworks, algorithms, and pipelines employed by various authors, serving as a roadmap to address challenges and understand changing trends in the methodologies for analyzing array-based DNA methylation profiling datasets derived from diseased genomes. Additionally, it highlights the importance of integrating gene expression and methylation datasets for accurate biomarker identification, explores prognostic prediction models, and discusses molecular subtyping for disease classification. The review also emphasizes the contributions of machine learning, neural networks, and data mining to enhance diagnostic workflow development, thereby improving accuracy, precision, and robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vino Sundararajan
- Correspondence to: Department of Bio Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Xu Q, Jin L, Wang L, Tang Y, Wu H, Chen Q, Sun L. The role of gonadal hormones in regulating opioid antinociception. Ann Med 2024; 56:2329259. [PMID: 38738380 PMCID: PMC11095291 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2329259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Opioids are the most prescribed drugs for the alleviation of pain. Both clinical and preclinical studies have reported strong evidence for sex-related divergence regarding opioid analgesia. There is an increasing amount of evidence indicating that gonadal hormones regulate the analgesic efficacy of opioids. This review presents an overview of the importance of gonadal steroids in modulating opioid analgesic responsiveness and focuses on elaborating what is currently known regarding the underlyingmechanism. We sought to identify the link between gonadal hormones and the effect of oipiod antinociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lin Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - LuYang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - YingYing Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - LiHong Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Zhao Q, Huang Y, Fu N, Cui C, Peng X, Kang H, Xiao J, Ke G. Podocyte senescence: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutics. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2398712. [PMID: 39248407 PMCID: PMC11385655 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2398712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
As an important component of the glomerular filtration membrane, the state of the podocytes is closely related to kidney function, they are also key cells involved in aging and play a central role in the damage caused by renal aging. Therefore, understanding the aging process of podocytes will allow us to understand their susceptibility to injury and identify targeted protective mechanisms. In fact, the process of physiological aging itself can induce podocyte senescence. Pathological stresses, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype, reduced autophagy, oncogene activation, altered transcription factors, DNA damage response, and other factors, play a crucial role in inducing premature senescence and accelerating aging. Senescence-associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) is a marker of aging, and β-hydroxybutyric acid treatment can reduce SA-β-gal activity to alleviate cellular senescence and damage. In addition, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α, transforming growth factor-β signaling, glycogen synthase kinase-3β, cycle-dependent kinase, programmed cell death protein 1, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 are closely related to aging. The absence or elevation of these factors can affect aging through different mechanisms. Podocyte injury is not an independent process, and injured podocytes interact with the surrounding epithelial cells or other kidney cells to mediate the injury or loss of podocytes. In this review, we discuss the manifestations, molecular mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic drugs for podocyte senescence. We included elamipretide, lithium, calorie restriction, rapamycin; and emerging treatment strategies, such as gene and immune therapies. More importantly, we summarize how podocyte interact with other kidney cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongzhang Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ningying Fu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caixia Cui
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Xuan Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyan Kang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guibao Ke
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Yu L, Zhang Q, Li X, Zhang M, Chen X, Lu M, Ouyang Z. Age-related changes of node degree in the multiple-demand network predict fluid intelligence. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 17:245-251. [PMID: 39297127 PMCID: PMC11409069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluid intelligence is an individual's innate ability to cope with complex situations and is gradually reduced across adults aging. The realization of fluid intelligence requires the simultaneous activity of multiple brain regions and depends on the structural connection of distributed brain regions. Uncovering the structural features of brain connections associated with fluid intelligence decline will provide reference for the development of intervention and treatment programs for cognitive decline. Using structural magnetic resonance imaging data of 454 healthy participants (18-87 years) from the Cam-CAN dataset, we constructed structural similarity network for each participant and calculated the node degree. Spearman correlation analysis showed that age was positively correlated with degree centrality in the cingulate cortex, left insula and subcortical regions, while negatively correlated with that in the orbito-frontal cortex, right middle temporal and precentral regions. Partial least squares (PLS) regression showed that the first PLS components explained 32 % (second PLS component: 20 %, p perm < 0.001) of the variance in fluid intelligence. Additionally, the degree centralities of anterior insula, supplementary motor area, prefrontal, orbito-frontal and anterior cingulate cortices, which are critical nodes of the multiple-demand network (MDN), were linked to fluid intelligence. Increased degree centrality in anterior cingulate cortex and left insula partially mediated age-related decline in fluid intelligence. Collectively, these findings suggest that the structural stability of MDN might contribute to the maintenance of fluid intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Yu
- Department of Radiology, Taian Municipal Hospital, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Taian Municipal Hospital, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Department of Radiology, Taian Municipal Hospital, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Taian Municipal Hospital, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Physical examination department, Taian Municipal Hospital, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Mingchun Lu
- Department of Radiology, Taian Municipal Hospital, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Ouyang
- Department of Radiology, Taian Municipal Hospital, Taian, Shandong, China
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Slan AR, Citrenbaum C, Corlier J, Ngo D, Vince-Cruz N, Jackson NJ, Valles TE, Wilke SA, Hoftman GD, Koek RJ, Leuchter MK, Krantz DE, Strouse TB, Tadayonnejad R, Ginder ND, Distler MG, Lee JH, Adelekun AE, Einstein EH, Oughli HA, Leuchter AF. The role of sex and age in the differential efficacy of 10 Hz and intermittent theta-burst (iTBS) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). J Affect Disord 2024; 366:106-112. [PMID: 39187197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex- and age-dependent outcome differences have been observed in treatment of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), including 10 Hz repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS). We examined whether there are sex- and age-dependent differences in outcome with intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation (iTBS), another rTMS protocol. METHODS The relationship between biological sex, age, and treatment outcome was retrospectively examined among 414 patients with MDD treated with 10 Hz or iTBS rTMS. Linear mixed-effects modeling was used to examine the association between treatment and change in the 30-item Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report (IDS-SR30) score from baseline to treatments 10 and 30, with biological sex (M/F), protocol (iTBS/10 Hz), age (≥/<50 years old), and time (treatment 1/10/30) included as fixed effects. The three-way sex-protocol-time and age-protocol-time interactions were used to determine any differential relationships between protocol and outcome dependent on sex and age. Post-hoc t-tests were conducted to examine differences in improvement. RESULTS There was a significant three-way sex-protocol-time interaction at treatments 10 (p = 0.016) and 30 (p = 0.031). Males showed significantly greater improvement with iTBS than females at treatments 10 (p = 0.041) and 30 (p = 0.035), while females showed numerically greater improvement with 10 Hz treatment. While there was not a significant three-way age-protocol-time interaction, there was a significant interaction between age (≥50 years old) and time at treatments 10 (p = 0.007) and 30 (p = 0.042), and among age, sex, and time at treatment 30 (p = 0.028). LIMITATIONS Retrospective naturalistic treatment protocol. CONCLUSIONS iTBS appeared less efficacious in females than in males, and rTMS overall was more efficacious in patients over fifty, particularly females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R Slan
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Cole Citrenbaum
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Juliana Corlier
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Doan Ngo
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nikita Vince-Cruz
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Jackson
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas E Valles
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott A Wilke
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gil D Hoftman
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ralph J Koek
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael K Leuchter
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David E Krantz
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas B Strouse
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Reza Tadayonnejad
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Nathaniel D Ginder
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Margaret G Distler
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John H Lee
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adesewa E Adelekun
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Evan H Einstein
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hanadi A Oughli
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew F Leuchter
- TMS Clinical and Research Service, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Woodruff E, Poltronieri BC, Sousa LPDA, de Oliveira YG, Reis MA, Scoriels L, Panizzutti R. Effects of bottom-up versus top-down digital cognitive training in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 127:105552. [PMID: 39002517 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Impairments in bottom-up perceptual processing have been associated to the age-related cognitive decline. Digital cognitive training focusing on bottom-up and/or top-down processes have been studied as a tool to remediate age-related cognitive decline. However, the most effective training type and order of application remain unclear. METHODS One hundred and fifteen older adults were randomly assigned to 40 h of bottom-up then top-down or top-down then bottom-up digital cognitive training or an active control group. We evaluated cognition at baseline, after 20 h and 40 h of training and at follow-up using a mixed-model analysis. RESULTS Global cognition improved, for the top-down group, after 20 h of training (p = 0.04; d = 0.7) and for all three groups after 40 h. The improvement in global cognition remained five months after the bottom-up/ top-down training (p = 0.009; d = 4.0). There were also improvements in the recall cognitive domain, after 20 h of training, for the bottom-up group and, after 40 h, for all three groups. Gains were observed in verbal fluency after 40 h of training for both therapeutic groups. Processing speed was significantly slower, after 20 h of training, for the control and bottom-up groups and, after 40 h, only for the control group. Emotion recognition improved, after 20 h, for the control group as compared to the therapeutic groups. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the bottom-up/top-down training has the most endurable effects, which reveals the importance of the order of application of the exercises for gains in cognition in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Woodruff
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno Costa Poltronieri
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luisa Pedrosa de Albuquerque Sousa
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Yasmin Guedes de Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos Alexandre Reis
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Linda Scoriels
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Université Paris Cité, LaPsyDE, CNRS, F-75005, Paris
| | - Rogério Panizzutti
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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van Andel M, van Schoor NM, Korten NC, Heijboer AC, Drent ML. Leptin, ghrelin and high-molecular-weight adiponectin in relation to anxiety in older adults. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 170:107190. [PMID: 39305810 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptin and ghrelin have been linked to depressive symptoms in older adults. There is a large overlap between depression and anxiety in this group. It is unclear whether the same associations exist with anxiety. Adiponectin has an inverse association with anxiety in older adults. However, the association between the most biologically active isoform - high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin - and anxiety has not been previously reported. METHODS We analyzed the association between leptin, ghrelin and HMW adiponectin and general symptoms of anxiety (HADS-A score ≥ 7) at baseline and after three years of follow-up in a population based cohort of older adults in the Netherlands (n = 898) using multivariable logistic regression analyses. RESULTS For leptin there was significant effect modification by sex. We found a positive association between leptin and general symptoms of anxiety in men at baseline and after three years of follow-up after adjusting for depressive symptoms, when comparing the third to the first leptin tertile (T3 vs T1 OR 3.40, 95 % CI 1.08 - 10.78). We found no significant associations for ghrelin. HMW adiponectin was associated with general symptoms of anxiety at follow up. We found a positive association both before and after adjustment for depressive symptoms (T3 vs T1 OR 3.26, 95 % CI 1.36 - 7.83). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed significant associations in men only between leptin and HMW adiponectin and general symptoms of anxiety after three years of follow up. Our findings contribute to further insight into the pathophysiology of anxiety in older adults. However, further research is necessary as we show associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel van Andel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Section, Amsterdam UMC, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands.
| | - Natasja M van Schoor
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands.
| | - Nicole C Korten
- Department of Medical Psychology, Northwest Clinics, Wilhelminalaan 12, Alkmaar 1815 JD, the Netherlands.
| | - Annemieke C Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 Hz, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreeft 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands.
| | - Madeleine L Drent
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Section, Amsterdam UMC, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, van der Boechorstraat 7, Amsterdam 1081 BT, the Netherlands.
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Ding R, Ding P, Tian L, Kuang X, Huang B, Lin C. Associations between sleep duration, depression status, and cognitive function among Chinese elderly: A community-based study. J Affect Disord 2024; 366:273-282. [PMID: 39218319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The associations of sleep duration and depressive status on cognitive function among the elderly remain controversial. This study aimed to investigate the associative effects and mediating mechanisms between sleep duration and depressive status on cognitive function in elderly adults. METHODS Participants were recruited from cross-sectional and cohort surveys of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). We identified thresholds for sleep duration and depression and used logistic regression to explore their independent and joint effects on cognitive impairment. Further, we analyze the mediating effects of depressive status on the association between sleep duration and cognitive function. RESULTS Of 13840 elderly (median age: 84 years, female: 54.6 %), 2835 (20.5 %) had cognitive impairment. Compared with those who slept 6-8 h, the ORs (95%CIs) for those who slept < 6 h and > 8 h were 0.98 (0.85, 1.12) and 1.48 (1.32, 1.66). Compared with non-depressed, the OR (95%CI) for the depressed participants was 1.74 (1.53, 1.98). Compared with those with sleep 6-8 h and none-depression, those with sleep > 8 h and depression had the highest odds of cognitive impairment (OR = 2.40, 95%CI: 1.88-3.07). Additionally, Compared with those who slept 6-8 h, the associations between depression-mediated short and long sleep and cognitive impairment were 51.1 % and 6.5 %, respectively. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional studies require caution in the interpretation of causal associations. CONCLUSIONS Long sleep and depression were independently and jointly associated with higher odds of cognitive impairment among the Chinese elderly, and short sleep increased the risk of cognitive impairment by promoting the prevalence of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxiu Ding
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Pan Ding
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liuhong Tian
- School of Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Kuang
- School of Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Baolong Huang
- Department of Medical Record Statistics, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chao Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Dhanasiri AK, Siciliani D, Kortner TM, Krogdahl Å. Epigenetic changes in pyloric caeca of Atlantic salmon fed diets containing increasing levels of lipids and choline. Epigenetics 2024; 19:2305079. [PMID: 38281164 PMCID: PMC10824149 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2305079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
An earlier study of ours investigating the effect of dietary lipid levels on the choline requirement of Atlantic salmon showed increasing severity of intestinal steatosis with increasing lipid levels. As choline is involved in epigenetic regulation by being the key methyl donor, pyloric caeca samples from the study were analysed for epigenetic effects of dietary lipid and choline levels. The diets varied in lipid levels between 16% and 28%, and choline levels between 1.9 and 2.3 g/kg. The diets were fed for 8 weeks to Atlantic salmon of 25 g of initial weight. Using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS), this study revealed that increasing dietary lipid levels induced methylation differences in genes involved in membrane transport and signalling pathways, and in microRNAs important for the regulation of lipid homoeostasis. Increasing choline levels also affected genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis and transport, lipolysis, and lipogenesis, as well as important immune genes. Our observations confirmed that choline is involved in epigenetic regulation in Atlantic salmon, as has been reported for higher vertebrates. This study showed the need for the inclusion of biomarkers of epigenetic processes in studies that must be conducted to define optimal choline levels in diets for Atlantic salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha K.S. Dhanasiri
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Daphne Siciliani
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Trond M. Kortner
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Åshild Krogdahl
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
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Xu YP, Fu JC, Hong ZL, Zeng DF, Guo CQ, Li P, Wu JX. Psychological stressors involved in the pathogenesis of premature ovarian insufficiency and potential intervention measures. Gynecol Endocrinol 2024; 40:2360085. [PMID: 38813955 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2024.2360085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a common gynecological endocrine disease, which seriously affects women's physical and mental health and fertility, and its incidence is increasing year by year. With the development of social economy and technology, psychological stressors such as anxiety and depression caused by social, life and environmental factors may be one of the risk factors for POI. We used PubMed to search peer-reviewed original English manuscripts published over the last 10 years to identify established and experimental studies on the relationship between various types of stress and decreased ovarian function. Oxidative stress, follicular atresia, and excessive activation of oocytes, caused by Stress-associated factors may be the main causes of ovarian function damage. This article reviews the relationship between psychological stressors and hypoovarian function and the possible early intervention measures in order to provide new ideas for future clinical treatment and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Pei Xu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ji-Chun Fu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhi-Lin Hong
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - De-Fei Zeng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chao-Qin Guo
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jin-Xiang Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Apostolou HL, McDonough IM. A seed and soil model of loneliness in Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2575-2576. [PMID: 38808988 PMCID: PMC11168500 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian M. McDonough
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
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Vandeputte MM, Bilel S, Tirri M, Corli G, Bassi M, Layle NK, Fantinati A, Walther D, Iula DM, Baumann MH, Stove CP, Marti M. Elucidating the harm potential of brorphine analogues as new synthetic opioids: Synthesis, in vitro, and in vivo characterization. Neuropharmacology 2024; 260:110113. [PMID: 39154855 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of new synthetic opioids (NSOs) has added complexity to recreational opioid markets worldwide. While NSOs with diverse chemical structures have emerged, brorphine currently remains the only NSO with a piperidine benzimidazolone scaffold. However, the emergence of new generations of NSOs, including brorphine analogues, can be anticipated. This study explored the pharmaco-toxicological, opioid-like effect profile of brorphine alongside its non-brominated analogue (orphine) and three other halogenated analogues (fluorphine, chlorphine, iodorphine). In vitro, radioligand binding assays in rat brain tissue indicated that all analogues bind to the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) with nM affinity. While analogues with smaller-sized substituents showed the highest MOR affinity, further in vitro characterization via two cell-based (HEK 293T) MOR activation (β-arrestin 2 and mini-Gαi recruitment) assays indicated that chlorphine, brorphine, and iodorphine were generally the most active MOR agonists. None of the compounds showed significant in vitro biased agonism compared to hydromorphone. In vivo, we investigated the effects of intraperitoneal (IP) administration of the benzimidazolones (0.01-15 mg/kg) on mechanical and thermal antinociception in male CD-1 mice. Chlorphine and brorphine overall induced the highest levels of antinociception. Furthermore, the effects on respiratory changes induced by a fixed dose (15 mg/kg IP) of the compounds were investigated using non-invasive plethysmography. Fluorphine-, chlorphine-, and brorphine-induced respiratory depressant effects were the most pronounced. For some compounds, pretreatment with naloxone (6 mg/kg IP) could not reverse respiratory depression. Taken together, brorphine-like piperidine benzimidazolones are opioid agonists that have the potential to cause substantial harm to users should they emerge as NSOs. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Novel Synthetic Opioids (NSOs)".
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe M Vandeputte
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sabrine Bilel
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Micaela Tirri
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgia Corli
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marta Bassi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nathan K Layle
- Forensic Chemistry Division, Cayman Chemical Company, Ann Arbor, MI, 48108, USA
| | - Anna Fantinati
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Donna Walther
- Designer Drug Research Unit (DDRU), Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Donna M Iula
- Forensic Chemistry Division, Cayman Chemical Company, Ann Arbor, MI, 48108, USA
| | - Michael H Baumann
- Designer Drug Research Unit (DDRU), Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Christophe P Stove
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Matteo Marti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Collaborative Center of the National Early Warning System, Department for Anti-Drug Policies, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Italy.
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63
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Youn S, Anderson BA. Relating distractor suppression to problematic drinking behavior. Addict Behav 2024; 159:108131. [PMID: 39182461 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired cognitive control has been linked to weakened self-regulatory processes underlying compulsive substance intake. Previous research has provided evidence for impaired task performance in substance-abusing groups during Stroop and Go/No-Go tasks. Mechanisms of distractor suppression in visual search might also involve overlapping regulatory components that support goal-directed behavior by resolving the attentional competition between distractors and the target of search. However, the efficiency of learning-dependent distractor suppression has not been examined in the context of drug abuse and a direct comparison between cognitive control and distractor suppression is lacking. METHOD A total of 84 participants were assigned either to the heavy drinking group (ALC, n = 42) or the control group (CTL, n = 42) based on self-reported substance use. Participants completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS). After that, participants completed a computerized version of the Stroop task, Go/No-go task, and a visual search task measuring learning-dependent distractor suppression. RESULTS The Stroop effect and the frequency of no-go errors did not differ between groups. However, learned distractor suppression was significantly blunted in the ALC group compared to the control group. Across participants, performance on the Stroop and Go/No-go task were correlated, while the magnitude of distractor suppression was related to neither. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support a divergence of mechanistic processes underlying cognitive control and attentional control, and demonstrate impaired learning-dependent distractor suppression in heavy drinkers relative to a control group. Impaired distractor suppression offers new insight into why drug cues can be difficult to ignore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojung Youn
- Psychological & Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 230 Psychology Bldg, 4235 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, United States.
| | - Brian A Anderson
- Psychological & Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 230 Psychology Bldg, 4235 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, United States.
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Tao Y, Jin M, Zhang H, Ran M, Xu H, Zou S, Deng F, Huang L, Zhang H, Wang X, Wang Y, Hou H, Liang S, Ma X, Yin L. PRKCB methylation: a potential biomarker of MDD with childhood chronic stress, a cross-sectional study in drug-naive, first-episode adolescent MDD. Epigenetics 2024; 19:2408159. [PMID: 39342638 PMCID: PMC11444515 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2408159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between childhood chronic stress(CCS), Protein kinase C beta (PRKCB) methylation and adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD). After recruiting 100 adolescents with MDD and 50 healthy controls (HCs), we evaluated the severity of CCS. PRKCB methylation was assessed by pyrosequencing using whole blood-derived DNA. To explore the relationship between CCS, PRKCB and adolescent MDD, we conducted correlation analysis and regression analysis, and constructed multiplicative interaction models and generalized linear models. PRKCB methylation and CCS were both found to be associated with MDD, and CCS was associated with PRKCB methylation. No significant CCS-PRKCB methylation interactions were observed. However, we found the interaction of CCS and MDD on PRKCB methylation. Our results found that PRKCB methylation was influenced by CCS and the disease itself, and PRKCB methylation was significantly positively associated with MDD severity, suggesting that PRKCB methylation may be a potential biomarker for adolescent MDD. This study is a cross-sectional observational study, which cannot draw the conclusion of causality. Prospective cohort studies are needed to further examine the relationship between CCS, adolescent MDD, and PRKCB methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmei Tao
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Meijiang Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Maojia Ran
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanmei Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shoukang Zou
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Deng
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijuan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaolan Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huijin Hou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shufang Liang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute for Systematic Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Perez-Caballero L, Guillot de Suduiraut I, Romero LR, Grosse J, Sandi C, Andero R. Corticosterone administration immediately after peripuberty stress exposure does not prevent protracted stress-induced behavioral alterations. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 170:107164. [PMID: 39146600 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Stress-related disorders are commonly associated with abnormalities in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. Preliminary studies with cortisol administration in the aftermath of trauma suggest that this HPA axis hormone can potentially prevent maladaptive behavioral and biological stress responses. However, the efficacy of glucocorticoid administration during the peripuberty period has not been tested yet, although this lifetime is a critical time window in brain development and is highly sensitive to the harmful effects of stress. To further examine the short and long-lasting impact of glucocorticoids treatment given during the post-peripubertal stress period, the present study utilized a rat model of peripubertal stress-induced psychopathology and animals were subjected to a battery of tests to assess anxiety-like behaviors, exploratory behavior and reactivity to novelty at late adolescence and sociability, anhedonia and stress coping behaviors at adulthood. All the experiments were performed in males and females to evaluate the potential behavioral sex differences. Overall, our results demonstrated that rats exposed to peripubertal stress show decreased sociability in adulthood without differences in anxiety and depression-like behaviors. Moreover, this study shows that the administration of corticosterone after stress exposure at peripuberty does not prevent stress-induced behavioral alterations. However, we observed that some stress-induced behavioural alterations and corticosterone responses are sex-specific. Thus, the data obtained highlight that delineating sex differences in stress-related studies may ultimately contribute to the development of effective therapeutic interventions for each sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Perez-Caballero
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain; Departament de Psicobiologia i de Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Isabelle Guillot de Suduiraut
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Synapsy Center for Neuroscience and Mental Health Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leire R Romero
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Jocelyn Grosse
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Synapsy Center for Neuroscience and Mental Health Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Sandi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Synapsy Center for Neuroscience and Mental Health Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raul Andero
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain; Departament de Psicobiologia i de Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain; Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain; ICREA, Pg Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain.
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Polis B, Cuda CM, Putterman C. Animal models of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: deciphering the complexity and guiding therapeutic development. Autoimmunity 2024; 57:2330387. [PMID: 38555866 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2024.2330387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) poses formidable challenges due to its multifaceted etiology while impacting multiple tissues and organs and displaying diverse clinical manifestations. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to SLE complexity, with relatively limited approved therapeutic options. Murine models offer insights into SLE pathogenesis but do not always replicate the nuances of human disease. This review critically evaluates spontaneous and induced animal models, emphasizing their validity and relevance to neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE). While these models undoubtedly contribute to understanding disease pathophysiology, discrepancies persist in mimicking some NPSLE intricacies. The lack of literature addressing this issue impedes therapeutic progress. We underscore the urgent need for refining models that truly reflect NPSLE complexities to enhance translational fidelity. We encourage a comprehensive, creative translational approach for targeted SLE interventions, balancing scientific progress with ethical considerations to eventually improve the management of NPSLE patients. A thorough grasp of these issues informs researchers in designing experiments, interpreting results, and exploring alternatives to advance NPSLE research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baruh Polis
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
- Research Institute, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Carla M Cuda
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chaim Putterman
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
- Research Institute, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
- Division of Rheumatology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Kim JE, Lee DS, Wang SH, Kim TH, Kang TC. GPx1-ERK1/2-CREB pathway regulates the distinct vulnerability of hippocampal neurons to oxidative stress via modulating mitochondrial dynamics following status epilepticus. Neuropharmacology 2024; 260:110135. [PMID: 39214451 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx1) and cAMP/Ca2+ responsive element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB) regulate neuronal viability by maintaining the redox homeostasis. Since GPx1 and CREB reciprocally regulate each other, it is likely that GPx1-CREB interaction may play a neuroprotective role against oxidative stress, which are largely unknown. Thus, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of the reciprocal regulation between GPx1 and CREB in the male rat hippocampus. Under physiological condition, L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO)-induced oxidative stress increased GPx1 expression, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activity and CREB serine (S) 133 phosphorylation in CA1 neurons, but not dentate granule cells (DGC), which were diminished by GPx1 siRNA, U0126 or CREB knockdown. GPx1 knockdown inhibited ERK1/2 and CREB activations induced by BSO. CREB knockdown also decreased the efficacy of BSO on ERK1/2 activation. BSO facilitated dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1)-mediated mitochondrial fission in CA1 neurons, which abrogated by GPx1 knockdown and U0126. CREB knockdown blunted BSO-induced DRP1 upregulation without affecting DRP1 S616 phosphorylation ratio. Following status epilepticus (SE), GPx1 expression was reduced in CA1 neurons and DGC. SE also decreased CREB activity CA1 neurons, but not DGC. SE degenerated CA1 neurons, but not DGC, accompanied by mitochondrial elongation. These post-SE events were ameliorated by N-acetylcysteine (NAC, an antioxidant), but deteriorated by GPx1 knockdown. These findings indicate that a transient GPx1-ERK1/2-CREB activation may be a defense mechanism to protect hippocampal neurons against oxidative stress via maintenance of proper mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, South Korea.
| | - Duk-Shin Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, South Korea.
| | - Su Hyeon Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, South Korea
| | - Tae-Cheon Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, South Korea.
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Zhou Q, Zheng Y, Guo X, Wang Y, Pu C, Shi C, Yu X. Abnormal hedonic process in patients with stable schizophrenia: Relationships to negative symptoms and social functioning. Schizophr Res Cogn 2024; 38:100325. [PMID: 39263562 PMCID: PMC11388758 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2024.100325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Background Anhedonia is a deficit of dynamic reward process, and a large proportion of schizophrenia patients continue to experience anhedonia even during the stable phase. However, few studies have examined the multiple aspects of performance in reward processing in patients with stable schizophrenia and evidence suggests that physical and cognitive effort may involve different neural mechanisms. Methods Parallel measures of effort-based expenditure for reward tasks (EEfRT) and self-report questionnaires of pleasure were applied in 61 patients with stable schizophrenia (SSZ) and 46 healthy controls (HCs), and percentages of hard task choices (HTC%) were used to assess motivation in reward processing. Negative symptoms, neurocognitive and social function were evaluated in SSZ patients, and associations with performance in reward tasks were explored. Results SSZ patients reported more severe consummatory and anticipatory anhedonia and social anhedonia. HTC% in reward tasks of SSZ patients were significantly lower than that of HCs, especially in cognitive-effort tasks. HTC% in cognitive tasks were correlated with motivation and pleasure dimension of negative symptoms, whereas HTC% in physical tasks were associated with expression dimension. Anticipatory anhedonia and negative symptoms were correlated with Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP) scores. Conclusion Patients with stable schizophrenia have social anhedonia, physically consummatory and anticipatory anhedonia and reduced reward motivation. They are less willing to make cognitive effort than physical effort for reward. The different associations of physical and cognitive effort with negative symptoms indicate physical and cognitive effort may represent disparate neuropsychological processes. Anticipatory anhedonia is closely related to social functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Guo
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengcheng Pu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Shi
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
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Sapienza J, Agostoni G, Comai S, Nasini S, Dall'Acqua S, Sut S, Spangaro M, Martini F, Bechi M, Buonocore M, Bigai G, Repaci F, Nocera D, Ave C, Guglielmino C, Cocchi F, Cavallaro R, Deste G, Bosia M. Neuroinflammation and kynurenines in schizophrenia: Impact on cognition depending on cognitive functioning and modulatory properties in relation to cognitive remediation and aerobic exercise. Schizophr Res Cogn 2024; 38:100328. [PMID: 39281320 PMCID: PMC11399803 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2024.100328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Background In the last decade, the kynurenine pathway (KP) has gained attention in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia being at the croassroad between neuroinflammation and glutamatergic and cholinergic neurotransmission. However, clinical findings are scarse and conflicting, and the specific contributions of these two systems to the neurobiology of cognitive symptoms are far from being elucidated. Furthermore, little is known about the molecular underpinnings of non-pharmacological interventions for cognitive improvement, including rehabilitation strategies. Methods The current study examined 72 patients with schizophrenia, divided in two clusters depending on the severity of the cognitive impairment, with the aim to evaluate the impact of inflammatory biomarkers and KP metabolites depending on cognitive functioning. Moreover, we studied their possible link to the cognitive outcome in relation to sessions of cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) and aerobic exercise (AE) in a longitudinal arm of 42 patients. Results Neuroinflammation appeared to exert a more pronounced influence on cognition in patients exhibiting a higher cognitive functioning, contrasting with the activation of the KP, which had a greater impact on individuals with a lower cognitive profile. Cognitive improvements after the treatments were negatively predicted by levels of TNF-α and positively predicted by the 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK)/kynurenine (KYN) ratio, an index of the kynurenine-3-monooxygenase (KMO) enzyme activity. Conclusion Overall, these findings add novel evidence on the biological underpinnings of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia pointing at a differential role of neuroinflammation and KP metabolites in inducing cognitive deficits depending on the cognitive reserve and predicting outcomes after rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Sapienza
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Humanities and Life Sciences, University School for Advanced Studies IUSS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Agostoni
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Comai
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Division of Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sofia Nasini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefania Sut
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Spangaro
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Martini
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Bechi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Buonocore
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Bigai
- School of Medicine, Vita -Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Repaci
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Nocera
- School of Medicine, Vita -Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Ave
- School of Medicine, Vita -Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmelo Guglielmino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Cocchi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Cavallaro
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Vita -Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Deste
- Department of Mental Health, Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marta Bosia
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Vita -Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Chen L, Zhang ZQ, Li ZX, Qu M, Liao D, Guo ZP, Li DC, Liu CH. The impact of insomnia on brain networks topology in depressed patients: A resting-state fMRI study. Brain Res 2024; 1844:149169. [PMID: 39179194 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression and insomnia frequently co-occur, but the neural mechanisms between patients with varying degrees of these conditions are not fully understood. The specific topological features and connectivity patterns of this co-morbidity have not been extensively studied. This study aimed to investigate the topological characteristics of topological characteristics and functional connectivity of brain networks in depressed patients with insomnia. METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 32 depressed patients with a high level of insomnia (D-HI), 35 depressed patients with a low level of insomnia (D-LI), and 81 healthy controls (HC) were used to investigate alterations in brain topological organization functional networks. Nodal and global properties were analyzed using graph-theoretic techniques, and network-based statistical analysis was employed to identify changes in brain network functional connectivity. RESULTS Compared to the HC group, both the D-HI and D-LI groups showed an increase in the global efficiency (Eglob) values, local efficiency (Eloc) was decreased in the D-HI group, and Lambda and shortest path length (Lp) values were decreased in the D-LI group. At the nodal level, the right parietal nodal clustering coefficient (NCp) values were reduced in D-HI and D-LI groups compared to those in HC. The functional connectivity of brain networks in patients with D-HI mainly involves default mode network (DMN)-cingulo-opercular network (CON), DMN-visual network (VN), DMN-sensorimotor network (SMN), and DMN-cerebellar network (CN), while that in patients with D-LI mainly involves SMN-CON, SMN-SMN, SMN-VN, and SMN-CN. The values of the connection between the midinsula and postoccipital gyrus was negatively correlated with scores for early awakening in D-HI. CONCLUSION These findings may contribute to our understanding of the underlying neuropsychological mechanisms in depressed patients with insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Zhu-Qing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhao-Xue Li
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital, Xuzhou 221010, China
| | - Miao Qu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Dan Liao
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Guo
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - De-Chun Li
- Department of Radiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, China.
| | - Chun-Hong Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China.
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Xie X, Zhang G, Liu N. Comprehensive analysis of abnormal methylation modification differential expression mRNAs between low-grade and high-grade intervertebral disc degeneration and its correlation with immune cells. Ann Med 2024; 56:2357742. [PMID: 38819022 PMCID: PMC11146251 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2357742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is an important cause of low back pain. The aim of this study is to identify the potential molecular mechanism of abnormal methylation-modified DNA in the progression of IDD, hoping to contribute to the diagnosis and management of IDD. METHODS Low-grade IDD (grade I-II) and high-grade IDD (grade III-V) data were downloaded from GSE70362 and GSE129789 datasets. The abnormally methylated modified differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) were identified by differential expression analysis (screening criteria were p < .05 and |logFC| > 1) and differential methylation analysis (screening criteria were p < .05 and |δβ| > 0.1). The classification models were constructed, and the receiver operating characteristic analysis was also carried out. In addition, functional enrichment analysis and immune correlation analysis were performed and the miRNAs targeted for the abnormally methylated DEmRNAs were predicted. Finally, expression validation was performed using real-time PCR. RESULTS Compared with low-grade IDD, seven abnormal methylation-modified DEmRNAs (AOX1, IBSP, QDPR, ABLIM1, CRISPLD2, ACTC1 and EMILIN1) were identified in high-grade IDD, and the classification models of random forests (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) were constructed. Moreover, seven abnormal methylation-modified DEmRNAs and classification models have high diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve [AUC] > 0.8). We also found that AUC values of single abnormal methylation-modified DEmRNA were all lower than those of RF and SVM classification models. Pearson correlation analysis found that macrophages M2 and EMILIN1 had significant negative correlation, while macrophages M2 and IBSP had significant positive correlation. In addition, four targeted relationship pairs (hsa-miR-4728-5p-QDPR, hsa-miR-4533-ABLIM1, hsa-miR-4728-5p-ABLIM1 and hsa-miR-4534-CRISPLD2) and multiple signalling pathways (for example, PI3K-AKT signalling pathway, osteoclast differentiation and calcium signalling pathway) were also identified that may be involved in the progression of IDD. CONCLUSION The identification of abnormal methylation-modified DEmRNAs and the construction of classification models in this study were helpful for the diagnosis and management of IDD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehu Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
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Al-Aqtash R, Collier DM. Ionotropic purinergic receptor 7 (P2X7) channel structure and pharmacology provides insight regarding non-nucleotide agonism. Channels (Austin) 2024; 18:2355150. [PMID: 38762911 PMCID: PMC11110710 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2024.2355150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
P2X7 is a member of the Ionotropic Purinergic Receptor (P2X) family. The P2X family of receptors is composed of seven (P2X1-7), ligand-gated, nonselective cation channels. Changes in P2X expression have been reported in multiple disease models. P2Xs have large complex extracellular domains that function as receptors for a variety of ligands, including endogenous and synthetic agonists and antagonists. ATP is the canonical agonist. ATP affinity ranges from nanomolar to micromolar for most P2XRs, but P2X7 has uniquely poor ATP affinity. In many physiological settings, it may be difficult to achieve the millimolar extracellular ATP concentrations needed for P2X7 channel activation; however, channel function is implicated in pain sensation, immune cell function, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and osteoporosis. Multiple high-resolution P2X7 structures have been solved in apo-, ATP-, and antagonist-bound states. P2X7 structural data reveal distinct allosteric and orthosteric antagonist-binding sites. Both allosteric and orthosteric P2X7 antagonists are well documented to inhibit ATP-evoked channel current. However, a growing body of evidence supports P2X7 activation by non-nucleotide agonists, including extracellular histone proteins and human cathelicidin-derived peptides (LL-37). Interestingly, P2X7 non-nucleotide agonism is not inhibited by allosteric antagonists, but is inhibited by orthosteric antagonists. Herein, we review P2X7 function with a focus on the efficacy of available pharmacology on P2X7 channel current activation by non-nucleotide agonists in effort to understand agonist/antagonist efficacy, and consider the impact of these data on the current understanding of P2X7 in physiology and disease given these limitations of P2X7-selective antagonists and incomplete knockout mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rua’a Al-Aqtash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Daniel M. Collier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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Chen L, Cheng Y, Zhang G, Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Chen Q, Feng Y. WGBS of embryonic gonads revealed that long non-coding RNAs in the MHM region might be involved in cell autonomous sex identity and female gonadal development in chickens. Epigenetics 2024; 19:2283657. [PMID: 38037805 PMCID: PMC10761181 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2023.2283657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation plays a key role in sex determination and differentiation in vertebrates. However, there are few studies on DNA methylation involved in chicken gonad development, and most focused on male hypermethylated regions (MHM). It is unclear whether there are specific differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in chicken embryonic gonads regulating sex determination and differentiation. Here, the DNA methylation maps showed that the difference of DNA methylation level between sexes was much higher at embryonic day 10 (E10) than that at embryonic day 6 (E6), and the significant differentially methylated regions at both stages were mainly distributed on the Z chromosome, including MHM1 and MHM2. The results of bisulphite sequencing PCR (BSP) and qRT-PCR showed hypomethylation of female MHM and upregulation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) whose promoter in the MHM region was consistent with the sequencing results, and similar results were in brain and muscle. In female sex-reversed gonads, the methylation pattern of MHM remained unchanged, and the expression levels of the three candidate lncRNAs were significantly decreased compared with those in females, but were significantly increased compared to males. The fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results also showed that these lncRNAs were highly expressed in female embryonic gonads. The results of methyltransferase inhibitor and dual-luciferase reporter assay suggest that lncRNA expression may be regulated by DNA methylation within their promoters. Therefore, we speculated that MHM may be involved in cell-autonomous sex identity in chickens, and that lncRNAs regulated by MHM may be involved in female sexual differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanping Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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Huang CY, Zhao YF, Zhang ZX, Liu RB, Liu JL, Li XZ, Luo J, Yue L, Zhang C. Psychotherapeutic and pharmacological agents for post-traumatic stress disorder with sleep disorder: network meta-analysis. Ann Med 2024; 56:2381696. [PMID: 39061119 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2381696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current guidelines and canonical norms of diagnosis or treatment for Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with sleep disorder are still conflicting and have not yet reached a consensus. This study aimed to unravel the most effective countermeasures between two categories (psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy) put forward by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) and World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) respectively to treat PTSD individuals co-exist with sleep disorders. METHODS Four databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and APA PsyNet, were searched from inception to February 02, 2023. RESULTS Twenty articles with 24 Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and a total number of 1,647 participants were included. As demonstrated in the network meta-analysis comparison results, CBT-I (standardized mean differences (SMD) = -1.51,95% confidence interval (CI):-2.55 to -0.47), CBT-I plus IRT (SMD = -1.71, 95%CI:-3.39, -0.03), prazosin (SMD = -0.87,95%CI:-1.59 to -0.16) and hydroxyzine (SMD = -1.06, 95%CI: -1.94 to -0.19) significantly reduced PTSD symptoms compared with placebo. In contrast to placebo, CBT-I (SMD = -5.61,95%CI:-8.82 to -2.40) significantly improved sleep quality. For nightmare severity, IRT (SMD =-0.65, 95%CI:-1.00 to -0.31), prazosin (SMD = -1.20,95%CI:-1.72 to -0.67) and hydroxyzine (SMD = -0.98,95%CI:-1.58 to -0.37) significantly reduced nightmare severity in comparison with placebo. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that under most circumstances, psychotherapy namely CBT-I had a favorable profile, but pharmacotherapy with prazosin was effective in managing nightmare severity. The sole avail of CBT-I was recommended to improving sleep quality while CBT-I and CBT-I plus IRT showed excellent management of PTSD symptom severity. Exposure to CBT-I isrecommended for depression. The relevant clinical guidelines for the management of individuals with PTSD and sleep disorders may regard this as a reference. PROSPERO CRD42023415240.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yang Huang
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhao
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Zhang
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Run-Ben Liu
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Jia-Ling Liu
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Zheng Li
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Center for Neurological Diseases, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Yue
- Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
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van Vliet MM, Schoenmakers S, Gribnau J, Steegers-Theunissen RP. The one-carbon metabolism as an underlying pathway for placental DNA methylation - a systematic review. Epigenetics 2024; 19:2318516. [PMID: 38484284 PMCID: PMC10950272 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2318516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, are proposed mechanisms explaining the impact of parental exposures to foetal development and lifelong health. Micronutrients including folate, choline, and vitamin B12 provide methyl groups for the one-carbon metabolism and subsequent DNA methylation processes. Placental DNA methylation changes in response to one-carbon moieties hold potential targets to improve obstetrical care. We conducted a systematic review on the associations between one-carbon metabolism and human placental DNA methylation. We included 22 studies. Findings from clinical studies with minimal ErasmusAGE quality score 5/10 (n = 15) and in vitro studies (n = 3) are summarized for different one-carbon moieties. Next, results are discussed per study approach: (1) global DNA methylation (n = 9), (2) genome-wide analyses (n = 4), and (3) gene specific (n = 14). Generally, one-carbon moieties were not associated with global methylation, although conflicting outcomes were reported specifically for choline. Using genome-wide approaches, few differentially methylated sites associated with S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), or dietary patterns. Most studies taking a gene-specific approach indicated site-specific relationships depending on studied moiety and genomic region, specifically in genes involved in growth and development including LEP, NR3C1, CRH, and PlGF; however, overlap between studies was low. Therefore, we recommend to further investigate the impact of an optimized one-carbon metabolism on DNA methylation and lifelong health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein M van Vliet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sam Schoenmakers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joost Gribnau
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Nippert KE, Rowland CP, Vazey EM, Moorman DE. Alcohol, flexible behavior, and the prefrontal cortex: Functional changes underlying impaired cognitive flexibility. Neuropharmacology 2024; 260:110114. [PMID: 39134298 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive flexibility enables individuals to alter their behavior in response to changing environmental demands, facilitating optimal behavior in a dynamic world. The inability to do this, called behavioral inflexibility, is a pervasive behavioral phenotype in alcohol use disorder (AUD), driven by disruptions in cognitive flexibility. Research has repeatedly shown that behavioral inflexibility not only results from alcohol exposure across species but can itself be predictive of future drinking. Like many high-level executive functions, flexible behavior requires healthy functioning of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The scope of this review addresses two primary themes: first, we outline tasks that have been used to investigate flexibility in the context of AUD or AUD models. We characterize these based on the task features and underlying cognitive processes that differentiate them from one another. We highlight the neural basis of flexibility measures, focusing on the PFC, and how acute or chronic alcohol in humans and non-human animal models impacts flexibility. Second, we consolidate findings on the molecular, physiological and functional changes in the PFC elicited by alcohol, that may contribute to cognitive flexibility deficits seen in AUD. Collectively, this approach identifies several key avenues for future research that will facilitate effective treatments to promote flexible behavior in the context of AUD, to reduce the risk of alcohol related harm, and to improve outcomes following AUD. This article is part of the Special Issue on "PFC circuit function in psychiatric disease and relevant models".
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Nippert
- Neuroscience and Behavior Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Courtney P Rowland
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Elena M Vazey
- Neuroscience and Behavior Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA; Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - David E Moorman
- Neuroscience and Behavior Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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Cao HL, Yu H, Xue R, Yang X, Ma X, Wang Q, Deng W, Guo WJ, Li ML, Li T. Convergence and divergence in neurostructural signatures of unipolar and bipolar depressions: Insights from surface-based morphometry and prospective follow-up. J Affect Disord 2024; 366:8-15. [PMID: 39173928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is often misidentified as unipolar depression (UD) during its early stages, typically until the onset of the first manic episode. This study aimed to explore both shared and unique neurostructural changes in patients who transitioned from UD to BD during follow-up, as compared to those with UD. METHODS This study utilized high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to collect brain data from individuals initially diagnosed with UD. During the average 3-year follow-up, 24 of the UD patients converted to BD (cBD). For comparison, the study included 48 demographically matched UD patients who did not convert and 48 healthy controls. The MRI data underwent preprocessing using FreeSurfer, followed by surface-based morphometry (SBM) analysis to identify cortical thickness (CT), surface area (SA), and cortical volume (CV) among groups. RESULTS The SBM analysis identified shared neurostructural characteristics between the cBD and UD groups, specifically thinner CT in the right precentral cortex compared to controls. Unique to the cBD group, there was a greater SA in the right inferior parietal cortex compared to the UD group. Furthermore, no significant correlations were observed between cortical morphological measures and cognitive performance and clinical features in the cBD and UD groups. LIMITATIONS The sample size is relatively small. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that while cBD and UD exhibit some common alterations in cortical macrostructure, numerous distinct differences are also present. These differences offer valuable insights into the neuropathological underpinnings that distinguish these two conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ling Cao
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center, Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Nanhu Brain-computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou 311100, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Rui Xue
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center, Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center, Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Nanhu Brain-computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou 311100, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Wan-Jun Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center, Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Nanhu Brain-computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou 311100, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ming-Li Li
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, China.
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center, Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Nanhu Brain-computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou 311100, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China.
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Didikoglu A, Guler ES, Turk HK, Can K, Erim AN, Payton A, Murgatroyd C, Pakpahan E, Minshull J, Robinson AC, Maharani A. Depression in older adults and its associations with sleep and synaptic density. J Affect Disord 2024; 366:379-385. [PMID: 39216641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression among older adults is a global concern, contributing to disability and overall illness burden. Understanding its trajectory, associated risk factors, and implications for mortality is essential for effective intervention. Moreover, the relationship between depression, sleep disturbances, and synaptic density in the ageing brain remains complex and poorly understood. METHODS Using data from the University of Manchester Longitudinal Study of Cognition in Normal Healthy Old Age cohort, comprising 6375 participants, we conducted comprehensive assessments of depression trajectories using generalized linear mixed models and mortality risks using Cox mixed-effects models. Generalized structural equation modelling was performed to explore longitudinal associations between sleep duration and depression. Lastly, associations between post-mortem synaptic density and depression were investigated. RESULTS Our findings revealed that depression rates declined until age 80 before increasing again. Depression was associated with a 10 % increased risk of mortality in older adults. Reduced sleep was correlated with depression, and depression measured early in the study predicted future reduced sleep. Post-mortem analysis showed a global reduction in synaptic density associated with depression, particularly pronounced in the frontal lobe. LIMITATIONS Limitations include recall bias, limiting generalizability due to dominantly including White British participants and difficulty in establishing causation between synaptic density and depression. CONCLUSION Our study underscores the significance of addressing depression in older adults, not only for mental health but also for mortality risk and neurobiological health. Early detection and intervention strategies are crucial for improving outcomes in elderly populations, potentially mitigating adverse effects on sleep, synaptic density, cognitive health, and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altug Didikoglu
- Division of Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Izmir institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey; Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Division of Neuroscience, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Esin Simge Guler
- Division of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Halil Kaan Turk
- Division of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Kubilay Can
- Division of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aleyna Nur Erim
- Division of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Antony Payton
- Division of Informatics, Imaging & Data Science, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Chris Murgatroyd
- School of Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Eduwin Pakpahan
- Applied Statistics Research Group, Department of Mathematics, Physics & Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - James Minshull
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Division of Neuroscience, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew C Robinson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Division of Neuroscience, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Asri Maharani
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
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Sunde E, Harris A, Olsen OK, Pallesen S. Moral decision-making at night and the impact of night work with blue-enriched white light or warm white light: a counterbalanced crossover study. Ann Med 2024; 56:2331054. [PMID: 38635448 PMCID: PMC11028009 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2331054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive function, including moral decision-making abilities, can be impaired by sleep loss. Blue-enriched light interventions have been shown to ameliorate cognitive impairment during night work. This study investigated whether the quality of moral decision-making during simulated night work differed for night work in blue-enriched white light, compared to warm white light. METHODS Using a counterbalanced crossover design, three consecutive night shifts were performed in blue-enriched white light (7000 K) and warm white light (2500 K) provided by ceiling-mounted LED luminaires (photopic illuminance: ∼200 lx). At 03:30 h on the second shift (i.e. twice) and at daytime (rested), the Defining Issues Test-2, assessing the activation of cognitive schemas depicting different levels of cognitive moral development, was administered. Data from 30 (10 males, average age 23.3 ± 2.9 years) participants were analysed using linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS Activation of the post-conventional schema (P-score), that is, the most mature moral level, was significantly lower for night work in warm white light (EMM; estimated marginal mean = 44.3, 95% CI = 38.9-49.6; pholm=.007), but not blue-enriched white light (EMM = 47.5, 95% CI = 42.2-52.8), compared to daytime (EMM = 51.2, 95% CI = 45.9-56.5). Also, the P-score was reduced for night work overall (EMM = 45.9, 95% CI = 41.1-50.8; p=.008), that is, irrespective of light condition, compared to daytime. Neither activation of the maintaining norms schema (MN-score), that is, moderately developed moral level, nor activation of the personal interest schema (i.e. the lowest moral level) differed significantly between light conditions. The MN-score was however increased for night work overall (EMM = 26.8, 95% CI = 23.1-30.5; p=.033) compared to daytime (EMM = 23.1, 95% CI = 18.9-27.2). CONCLUSION The results indicate that moral decisions during simulated night work in warm white light, but not blue-enriched white light, become less mature and principle-oriented, and more rule-based compared to daytime, hence blue-enriched white light may function as a moderator. Further studies are needed, and the findings should be tentatively considered.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT03203538) Registered: 26/06/2017; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03203538.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlend Sunde
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anette Harris
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Olav Kjellevold Olsen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Leadership and Organizational Behaviour, BI Norwegian Business School, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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80
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Korolenko A, Skinner MK. Generational stability of epigenetic transgenerational inheritance facilitates adaptation and evolution. Epigenetics 2024; 19:2380929. [PMID: 39104183 PMCID: PMC11305060 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2380929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The epigenome and epigenetic inheritance were not included in the original modern synthesis theory or more recent extended evolutionary synthesis of evolution. In a broad range of species, the environment has been shown to play a significant role in natural selection, which more recently has been shown to occur through epigenetic alterations and epigenetic inheritance. However, even with this evidence, the field of epigenetics and epigenetic inheritance has been left out of modern evolutionary synthesis, as well as other current evolutionary models. Epigenetic mechanisms can direct the regulation of genetic processes (e.g. gene expression) and also can be directly changed by the environment. In contrast, DNA sequence cannot be directly altered by the environment. The goal of this review is to present the evidence of how epigenetics and epigenetic inheritance can alter phenotypic variation in numerous species. This can occur at a significantly higher frequency than genetic change, so correlates with the frequency of evolutionary change. In addition, the concept and importance of generational stability of transgenerational inheritance is incorporated into evolutionary theory. For there to be a better understanding of evolutionary biology, we must incorporate all aspects of molecular (e.g. genetics and epigenetics) and biological sciences (e.g. environment and adaptation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Korolenko
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Michael K. Skinner
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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81
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Yan X, Bedillion MF, Claus ED, Huang-Pollock C, Ansell EB. Sex differences in the prospective association of excessively long reaction times and hazardous cannabis use at six months. Addict Behav Rep 2024; 20:100558. [PMID: 39027408 PMCID: PMC11252613 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The neurocognitive risk mechanisms predicting divergent outcomes likely differ between men and women who use cannabis recreationally. Increasingly, the use of descriptive distributions including the ex-Gaussian has been applied to draw stronger inferences about neurocognitive health in clinical populations. The current project examines whether the long tail of reaction times (RTs) in a distribution, as characterized by the ex-Gaussian parameter tau which may represent difficulty with the regulation of arousal, predicts problematic cannabis use 6 months later in those who use cannabis recreationally, and whether sex moderates these prospective associations. Method Young adults (ages 18-30, mean age 20.5 years, N =159, 57.2% women, 69.2% Caucasian) who recreationally used cannabis either occasionally (at least once per month) or frequently (three times or more per week) completed the Stroop Color-Word Task at baseline. Ex-Gaussian parameter tau was estimated for each participant. Self-report of hazardous cannabis use (CUDIT-R) and dysregulation of negative (DERS) and positive emotions (DERS-Positive) were obtained at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Results For those with larger tau at baseline, being a man (but not a woman) was associated with increased difficulty regulating positive emotions concurrently (b = -0.01, F (1,159) = 5.48, p = 0.02), and with hazardous cannabis use six months later (b = -0.007, F (1,159) = 4.42, p = 0.037) after controlling for baseline hazardous cannabis use. Conclusions Excessively long RTs during cognitive performance may help characterize men at risk for increased hazardous use, which contributes to understanding between-sex heterogeneity in pathways towards cannabis use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yan
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, United States
| | - Margaret F. Bedillion
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, United States
| | - Eric D. Claus
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, United States
| | | | - Emily B. Ansell
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, United States
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Del Campo CMZM, Nicolson GL, Sfera A. Neurolipidomics in schizophrenia: A not so well-oiled machine. Neuropharmacology 2024; 260:110117. [PMID: 39153730 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Most patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) do not exhibit violent behaviors and are more likely to be victims rather than perpetrators of violent acts. However, a subgroup of forensic detainees with SCZ exhibit tendencies to engage in criminal violations. Although numerous models have been proposed, ranging from substance use, serotonin transporter gene, and cognitive dysfunction, the molecular underpinnings of violence in SCZ patients remains elusive. Lithium and clozapine have established anti-aggression properties and recent studies have linked low cholesterol levels and ultraviolet (UV) radiation with human aggression, while vitamin D3 reduces violent behaviors. A recent study found that vitamin D3, omega-3 fatty acids, magnesium, and zinc lower aggression in forensic population. In this review article, we take a closer look at aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and the dysfunctional lipidome in neuronal membranes, with emphasis on cholesterol and vitamin D3 depletion, as sources of aggressive behavior. We also discuss modalities to increase the fluidity of neuronal double layer via membrane lipid replacement (MLR) and natural or synthetic compounds. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Personality Disorders".
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Garth L Nicolson
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA, 92647, USA
| | - Adonis Sfera
- Patton State Hospital, Loma Linda University, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Riverside, USA.
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83
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Zhang W, Young JI, Gomez L, Schmidt MA, Lukacsovich D, Varma A, Chen XS, Kunkle B, Martin ER, Wang L. Critical evaluation of the reliability of DNA methylation probes on the Illumina MethylationEPIC v1.0 BeadChip microarrays. Epigenetics 2024; 19:2333660. [PMID: 38564759 PMCID: PMC10989698 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2333660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation (DNAm) plays a crucial role in a number of complex diseases. However, the reliability of DNAm levels measured using Illumina arrays varies across different probes. Previous research primarily assessed probe reliability by comparing duplicate samples between the 450k-450k or 450k-EPIC platforms, with limited investigations on Illumina EPIC v1.0 arrays. We conducted a comprehensive assessment of the EPIC v1.0 array probe reliability using 69 blood DNA samples, each measured twice, generated by the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study. We observed higher reliability in probes with average methylation beta values of 0.2 to 0.8, and lower reliability in type I probes or those within the promoter and CpG island regions. Importantly, we found that probe reliability has significant implications in the analyses of Epigenome-wide Association Studies (EWAS). Higher reliability is associated with more consistent effect sizes in different studies, the identification of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and methylation quantitative trait locus (mQTLs), and significant correlations with downstream gene expression. Moreover, blood DNAm measurements obtained from probes with higher reliability are more likely to show concordance with brain DNAm measurements. Our findings, which provide crucial reliability information for probes on the EPIC v1.0 array, will serve as a valuable resource for future DNAm studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Juan I. Young
- Dr. John T MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lissette Gomez
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michael A. Schmidt
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - David Lukacsovich
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Achintya Varma
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - X. Steven Chen
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Brian Kunkle
- Dr. John T MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Eden R. Martin
- Dr. John T MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lily Wang
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Dr. John T MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Chen H, Li J, Huang Z, Fan X, Wang X, Chen X, Guo H, Liu H, Li S, Yu S, Li H, Huang X, Ma X, Deng X, Wang C, Liu Y. Dopaminergic system and neurons: Role in multiple neurological diseases. Neuropharmacology 2024; 260:110133. [PMID: 39197818 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
The dopaminergic system is a complex and powerful neurotransmitter system in the brain. It plays an important regulatory role in motivation, reward, cognition, and motor control. In recent decades, research in the field of the dopaminergic system and neurons has increased exponentially and is gradually becoming a point of intervention in the study and understanding of a wide range of neurological diseases related to human health. Studies have shown that the dopaminergic system and neurons are involved in the development of many neurological diseases (including, but not limited to Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, etc.) and that dopaminergic neurons either have too much stress or too weak function in the dopaminergic system can lead to disease. Therefore, targeting dopaminergic neurons is considered key to treating these diseases. This article provides a comprehensive review of the dopaminergic system and neurons in terms of brain region distribution, physiological function and subtypes of dopaminergic neurons, as well as the role of the dopaminergic system and neurons in a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Chen
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jieshu Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Zhixing Huang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Fan
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xing Chen
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Haitao Guo
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Shuqi Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Shaojun Yu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Honghong Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xinyu Huang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xuehua Ma
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Xinqi Deng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Chunguo Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Yonggang Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
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Nasir A, Rehman MU, Khan T, Husn M, Khan M, Khan A, Nuh AM, Jiang W, Farooqi HMU, Bai Q. Advances in nanotechnology-assisted photodynamic therapy for neurological disorders: a comprehensive review. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 52:84-103. [PMID: 38235991 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2024.2304814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Neurological disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases and nervous system tumours affect more than one billion people throughout the globe. The physiological sensitivity of the nervous tissue limits the application of invasive therapies and leads to poor treatment and prognosis. One promising solution that has generated attention is Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which can potentially revolutionise the treatment landscape for neurological disorders. PDT attracted substantial recognition for anticancer efficacy and drug conjugation for targeted drug delivery. This review thoroughly explained the basic principles of PDT, scientific interventions and advances in PDT, and their complicated mechanism in treating brain-related pathologies. Furthermore, the merits and demerits of PDT in the context of neurological disorders offer a well-rounded perspective on its feasibility and challenges. In conclusion, this review encapsulates the significant potential of PDT in transforming the treatment landscape for neurological disorders, emphasising its role as a non-invasive, targeted therapeutic approach with multifaceted applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Nasir
- Medical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mujeeb Ur Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Tamreez Khan
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Mansoor Husn
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Manzar Khan
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Khan
- Department of Psychology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Abdifatah Mohamed Nuh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Medical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Qain Bai
- Medical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Simon L, Terhorst Y, Cohrdes C, Pryss R, Steinmetz L, Elhai JD, Baumeister H. The predictive value of supervised machine learning models for insomnia symptoms through smartphone usage behavior. Sleep Med X 2024; 7:100114. [PMID: 38765885 PMCID: PMC11099321 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleepx.2024.100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Digital phenotyping can be an innovative and unobtrusive way to improve the detection of insomnia. This study explores the correlations between smartphone usage features (SUF) and insomnia symptoms and their predictive value for detecting insomnia symptoms. Methods In an observational study of a German convenience sample, the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and smartphone usage data (e.g., time the screen was active, longest time the screen was inactive in the night) for the previous 7 days were obtained. SUF (e.g., min, mean) were calculated from the smartphone usage data. Correlation analyses between the ISI and SUF were conducted. For the specification of the machine learning models (ML), 80 % of the data was allocated to training, 20 % to testing, and five-fold cross-validation was used. Six algorithms (support vector machine, XGBoost, Random Forest, k-Nearest-Neighbor, Naive Bayes, and Logistic Regressions) were specified to predict ISI scores ≥15. Results 752 participants (51.1 % female, mean ISI = 10.23, mean age = 41.92) were included in the analyses. Small correlations between some of the SUF and insomnia symptoms were found. In the ML models, sensitivity was low, ranging from 0.05 to 0.27 in the testing subsample. Random Forest and Naive Bayes were the best-performing algorithms. Yet, their AUCs (0.57, 0.58 respectively) in the testing subsample indicated a low discrimination capacity. Conclusions Given the small magnitude of the correlations and low discrimination capacity of the ML models, SUFs, as measured in this study, do not appear to be sufficient for detecting insomnia symptoms. Further research is necessary to explore whether examining intra-individual variations and subpopulations or employing alternative smartphone sensors yields more promising outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Simon
- Institute of Psychology and Education, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Lise-Meitner-Str. 16, Ulm, Germany
| | - Yannik Terhorst
- Institute of Psychology and Education, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Lise-Meitner-Str. 16, Ulm, Germany
| | - Caroline Cohrdes
- Mental Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute Berlin, Nordufer 20, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Pryss
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Sanderring 2, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Steinmetz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hauptstraße 5, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jon D. Elhai
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Harald Baumeister
- Institute of Psychology and Education, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Lise-Meitner-Str. 16, Ulm, Germany
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Huang S, Dong W, Lin X, Bian J. Na+/K+-ATPase: ion pump, signal transducer, or cytoprotective protein, and novel biological functions. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2684-2697. [PMID: 38595287 PMCID: PMC11168508 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Na+/K+-ATPase is a transmembrane protein that has important roles in the maintenance of electrochemical gradients across cell membranes by transporting three Na+ out of and two K+ into cells. Additionally, Na+/K+-ATPase participates in Ca2+-signaling transduction and neurotransmitter release by coordinating the ion concentration gradient across the cell membrane. Na+/K+-ATPase works synergistically with multiple ion channels in the cell membrane to form a dynamic network of ion homeostatic regulation and affects cellular communication by regulating chemical signals and the ion balance among different types of cells. Therefore, it is not surprising that Na+/K+-ATPase dysfunction has emerged as a risk factor for a variety of neurological diseases. However, published studies have so far only elucidated the important roles of Na+/K+-ATPase dysfunction in disease development, and we are lacking detailed mechanisms to clarify how Na+/K+-ATPase affects cell function. Our recent studies revealed that membrane loss of Na+/K+-ATPase is a key mechanism in many neurological disorders, particularly stroke and Parkinson's disease. Stabilization of plasma membrane Na+/K+-ATPase with an antibody is a novel strategy to treat these diseases. For this reason, Na+/K+-ATPase acts not only as a simple ion pump but also as a sensor/regulator or cytoprotective protein, participating in signal transduction such as neuronal autophagy and apoptosis, and glial cell migration. Thus, the present review attempts to summarize the novel biological functions of Na+/K+-ATPase and Na+/K+-ATPase-related pathogenesis. The potential for novel strategies to treat Na+/K+-ATPase-related brain diseases will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songqiang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong Universities for Vascular Homeostasis and Diseases, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wanting Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaoqian Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong Universities for Vascular Homeostasis and Diseases, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jinsong Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong Universities for Vascular Homeostasis and Diseases, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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88
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Zheng M, Hong T, Zhou H, Garland EL, Hu Y. The acute effect of mindfulness-based regulation on neural indices of cue-induced craving in smokers. Addict Behav 2024; 159:108134. [PMID: 39178637 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Mindfulness has garnered attention for its potential in alleviating cigarette cravings; however, the neural mechanisms underlying its efficacy remain inadequately understood. This study (N=46, all men) aims to examine the impact of a mindfulness strategy on regulating cue-induced craving and associated brain activity. Twenty-three smokers, consuming over 10 cigarettes daily for at least 2 years, were compared to twenty-three non-smokers. During a regulation of craving task, participants were asked to practice mindfulness during smoking cue-exposure or passively view smoking cues while fMRI scans were completed. A 2 (condition: mindfulness-cigarette and look-cigarette) × 2 (phase: early, late of whole smoking cue-exposure period) repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant interaction of the craving scores between condition and phase, indicating that the mindfulness strategy dampened late-phase craving. Additionally, within the smoker group, the fMRI analyses revealed a significant main effect of mindfulness condition and its interaction with time in several brain networks involving reward, emotion, and interoception. Specifically, the bilateral insula, ventral striatum, and amygdala showed lower activation in the mindfulness condition, whereas the activation of right orbitofrontal cortex mirrored the strategy-time interaction effect of the craving change. This study illuminates the dynamic interplay between mindfulness, smoking cue-induced craving, and neural activity, offering insights into how mindfulness may effectively regulate cigarette cravings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zheng
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tiantian Hong
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- The State Key Lab of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Eric L Garland
- Sanford Institute for Empathy and Compassion, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Yuzheng Hu
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; The State Key Lab of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; MOE Frontiers Science Center for Brain Science & Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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89
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Lai KY, Li CJ, Tsai CS, Chou WJ, Huang WT, You HL, Lee SY, Wang LJ. Appetite hormones, neuropsychological function and methylphenidate use in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 170:107169. [PMID: 39226626 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Appetite hormones may play a significant role in neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity and may also affect brain function development. This study aimed to explore the role of appetite hormones in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), including aspects of pathophysiology, pharmacotherapy, and side effects. We recruited 119 patients with ADHD who were undergoing methylphenidate treatment (ADHD+MPH), 77 unmedicated ADHD patients (ADHD-MPH), and 87 healthy controls. Blood samples were collected from all participants to examine serum levels of orexin A, ghrelin, leptin, and adiponectin. Behavioral symptoms were assessed using the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale, and visual and auditory attention were evaluated using computerized neuropsychological tests. The side effects of methylphenidate treatment were measured using Barkley's Side Effects Rating Scale. Orexin levels in the control group were significantly higher than in the ADHD-MPH (p=0.037) and ADHD+MPH (p<0.001) groups; additionally, orexin levels in the ADHD-MPH group were significantly higher than in the ADHD+MPH group (p=0.032). Leptin levels in both the ADHD+MPH (p=0.011) and ADHD-MPH (p=0.011) groups were significantly lower than in the control group. Ghrelin levels were positively associated with auditory attention across all ADHD groups (p=0.015). Furthermore, ghrelin levels were positively correlated with methylphenidate dosage (p=0.024), and negatively correlated with methylphenidate side effects (p=0.044) in the ADHD+MPH group. These findings provide further insight into the relationships between appetite hormones, pharmacotherapy, and ADHD. Orexin A and leptin are associated with the etiology of ADHD, while orexin A and ghrelin play important roles in attention deficits and methylphenidate usage in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Yu Lai
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shu Tsai
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jiun Chou
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Ling You
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yu Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Jen Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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90
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Piccoli LR, Albertella L, Christensen E, Fontenelle LF, Suo C, Richardson K, Yücel M, Lee RS. Cognitive inflexibility moderates the relationship between relief-driven drinking motives and alcohol use. Addict Behav Rep 2024; 20:100559. [PMID: 39045445 PMCID: PMC11263493 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Drinking motives and neurocognition play significant roles in predicting alcohol use. There is limited research examining how relief-driven drinking motives interact with neurocognition in alcohol use, which would help to elucidate the neurocognitive-motivational profiles most susceptible to harmful drinking. This study investigated the interactions between neurocognition (response inhibition and cognitive flexibility) and relief-driven drinking, in predicting problem drinking. Methods Participants completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test - Consumption items (AUDIT-C) to measure drinking behaviour, and online cognitive tasks, including the Value-Modulated Attentional Capture and Reversal Task (VMAC-R) and the Stop Signal Task (SST). The sample (N = 368) were individuals who drink alcohol, which included a subsample (N = 52) with problematic drinking, as defined by self-identifying as having a primary drinking problem. Drinking motives were assessed using a binary coping question in the overall sample, and the Habit, Reward, and Fear Scale (HRFS) in the subsample. Moderation analyses were conducted to investigate whether cognitive flexibility and response inhibition moderated relationships between relief-driven motives and drinking. Results Cognitive flexibility moderated the relationship between relief-driven motives and drinking (overall sample: β = 13.69, p = 0.017; subsample: β = 1.45, p = 0.013). Greater relief-driven motives were associated with heavier drinking for individuals with low cognitive flexibility. There was no significant interaction between response inhibition and relief-driven motives. Conclusions Relief-driven drinking motives interact with cognitive inflexibility to drive heavier drinking. Greater understanding of these neurocognitive-motivational mechanisms may help to develop more targeted and effective interventions for reducing harmful drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara R. Piccoli
- BrainPark, Monash Biomedical Imaging, The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lucy Albertella
- BrainPark, Monash Biomedical Imaging, The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Erynn Christensen
- BrainPark, Monash Biomedical Imaging, The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Leonardo F. Fontenelle
- Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Chao Suo
- BrainPark, Monash Biomedical Imaging, The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karyn Richardson
- BrainPark, Monash Biomedical Imaging, The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Murat Yücel
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Australia
| | - Rico S.C. Lee
- BrainPark, Monash Biomedical Imaging, The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- The Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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91
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Titisari N, Fauzi A, Abdul Razak IS, Mohd Noor MH, Samsulrizal N, Ahmad H. Dietary menhaden fish oil supplementation suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in diabetic rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2024; 62:447-455. [PMID: 38753370 PMCID: PMC11100436 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2024.2351933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Menhaden fish oil (FO) is widely recognized for inhibiting neuroinflammatory responses and preserving brain function. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of FO influencing brain cognitive function in diabetic states remain unclear. OBJECTIVE This study examines the potential role of FO in suppressing LPS-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in diabetic animals (DA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: i) DA received LPS induction (DA-LPS); ii) DA received LPS induction and 1 g/kg FO (DA-LPS-1FO); iii) DA received LPS induction and 3 g/kg FO (DA-LPS-3FO); iv) animals received normal saline and 3 g/kg FO (NS-3FO) and v) control animals received normal saline (CTRL). Y-maze test was used to measure cognitive performance, while brain samples were collected for inflammatory markers and morphological analysis. RESULTS DA received LPS induction, and 1 or 3 g/kg FO significantly inhibited hyperglycaemia and brain inflammation, as evidenced by lowered levels of pro-inflammatory mediators. Additionally, both DA-LPS-1FO and DA-LPS-3FO groups exhibited a notable reduction in neuronal damage and glial cell migration compared to the other groups. These results were correlated with the increasing number of entries and time spent in the novel arm of the Y-maze test. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This study indicates that supplementation of menhaden FO inhibits the LPS signaling pathway and protects against neuroinflammation, consequently maintaining cognitive performance in diabetic animals. Thus, the current study suggested that fish oil may be effective as a supporting therapy option for diabetes to avoid diabetes-cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurina Titisari
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Fauzi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Intan Shameha Abdul Razak
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hezmee Mohd Noor
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Hafandi Ahmad
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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92
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Grützmann K, Kraft T, Meinhardt M, Meier F, Westphal D, Seifert M. Network-based analysis of heterogeneous patient-matched brain and extracranial melanoma metastasis pairs reveals three homogeneous subgroups. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:1036-1050. [PMID: 38464935 PMCID: PMC10920107 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer, can metastasize to different organs. Molecular differences between brain and extracranial melanoma metastases are poorly understood. Here, promoter methylation and gene expression of 11 heterogeneous patient-matched pairs of brain and extracranial metastases were analyzed using melanoma-specific gene regulatory networks learned from public transcriptome and methylome data followed by network-based impact propagation of patient-specific alterations. This innovative data analysis strategy allowed to predict potential impacts of patient-specific driver candidate genes on other genes and pathways. The patient-matched metastasis pairs clustered into three robust subgroups with specific downstream targets with known roles in cancer, including melanoma (SG1: RBM38, BCL11B, SG2: GATA3, FES, SG3: SLAMF6, PYCARD). Patient subgroups and ranking of target gene candidates were confirmed in a validation cohort. Summarizing, computational network-based impact analyses of heterogeneous metastasis pairs predicted individual regulatory differences in melanoma brain metastases, cumulating into three consistent subgroups with specific downstream target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Grützmann
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Theresa Kraft
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Meinhardt
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Friedegund Meier
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dana Westphal
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Seifert
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), D-01307 Dresden, Germany
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93
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Katirtzoglou A, Hansen SB, Sveier H, Martin MD, Brealey JC, Limborg MT. Genomic context determines the effect of DNA methylation on gene expression in the gut epithelium of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar). Epigenetics 2024; 19:2392049. [PMID: 39151124 PMCID: PMC11332636 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2392049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The canonical view of DNA methylation, a pivotal epigenetic regulation mechanism in eukaryotes, dictates its role as a suppressor of gene activity, particularly within promoter regions. However, this view is being challenged as it is becoming increasingly evident that the connection between DNA methylation and gene expression varies depending on the genomic location and is therefore more complex than initially thought. We examined DNA methylation levels in the gut epithelium of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, which we correlated with gene expression data from RNA sequencing of the same gut tissue sample (RNA-seq). Assuming epigenetic signals might be pronounced between distinctive phenotypes, we compared large and small fish, finding 22 significant associations between 22 differentially methylated regions and 21 genes. We did not detect significant methylation differences between large and small fish. However, we observed a consistent signal of methylation levels around the transcription start sites (TSS), being negatively correlated with the expression levels of those genes. We found both negative and positive associations of methylation levels with gene expression further upstream or downstream of the TSS, revealing a more unpredictable pattern. The 21 genes showing significant methylation-expression correlations were involved in biological processes related to salmon health, such as growth and immune responses. Deciphering how DNA methylation affects the expression of such genes holds great potential for future applications. For instance, our results suggest the importance of genomic context in targeting epigenetic modifications to improve the welfare of aquaculture species like Atlantic salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Katirtzoglou
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren B. Hansen
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Michael D. Martin
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jaelle C. Brealey
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Terrestrial Biodiversity, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Morten T. Limborg
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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94
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Bø R, Kraft B, Skilbrei A, Jonassen R, Harmer CJ, Landrø NI. Inhibition moderates the effect of attentional bias modification for reducing residual depressive symptoms: A randomized sham-controlled clinical trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2024; 85:101982. [PMID: 39111231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Residual symptoms represent risk factor for relapse. Attention bias modification (ABM) may reduce clinical and sub-clinical depressive symptoms, indicating that is may be of relevance when preventing relapse. Current evidence suggests that executive functions may moderate the outcome of interventions targeting depressive symptoms. METHODS We assessed inhibition and shifting as indicators of executive functioning by means of the Color-Word Interference Test (i.e., "Stroop task"). These baseline characteristics were investigated as moderator of the effect of ABM on depression symptoms in a double-blinded randomized sham-controlled trial of ABM including patients with a history of recurrent depression (N = 301). Inclusion and follow-ups took place from January 2015 to October 2016. The trial was retrospectively registered #NCT02658682 January 2016. RESULTS The moderation analysis was based on the interaction term ABM x Stroop. Scaled inhibition scores ≤10.8, but not shifting ability, moderated the effect of ABM compared to sham on clinician-rated depression (HDRS). The difference from the 15th to the 85th percentile of the inhibition score was about 1 HDRS-point, indicating a small effect size. No moderation was found when self-reported depression and AB were the outcome. Post-hoc power calculation indicates risk of Type-II error. CONCLUSION When targeting depressive symptoms, ABM seems to be somewhat more effective in patients with weak inhibitory control. This suggests that evaluating the level of inhibition in individual patients could provide some information when making decisions about prescribing ABM to reduce residual symptoms, but the clinical implications of this is uncertain due to an overall small effect size attributable to ABM. Future studies should examine whether inhibitory control still is a relevant moderator when comparing ABM to treatment options other than the sham control condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragnhild Bø
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Brage Kraft
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway; Division of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Norway; Department of Behavioural Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway
| | - August Skilbrei
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Rune Jonassen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway
| | - Catherine J Harmer
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, United Kingdom; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
| | - Nils Inge Landrø
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway; Division of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Norway
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95
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Law KC, O'Connell KL, Jacobson SV, Baer MM, Baker PM, Tull MT. Influences of sleep, cortisol reactivity, and risk/reward-based decision-making on suicide. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2024; 85:101975. [PMID: 38870548 PMCID: PMC11347093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Poor sleep quality is a known contributor to suicidal thoughts and behaviors. This study examines whether sleep quality modulates the effect of an individual's stress response and risk/reward-based decision making on suicide risk. METHODS Participants were 160 adults at a residential substance use treatment facility with lifetime exposure to trauma who completed a clinician-administered measure of suicide risk, the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), and a self-report measure of sleep. Cortisol reactivity (i.e., changes in cortisol before and after a personalized trauma script) was used to measure stress response. We used quantile regression to examine the effects of sleep, cortisol, and risk/reward decision-making on suicide risk. RESULTS We found poor sleep quality to be increasingly salient in individuals at greater risk for suicide than those at lower risk for suicide. Furthermore, individuals with moderate to moderate-high levels of suicide risk seem to have greater cortisol reactivity. In the low-moderate quantile, we found suicide risk to be associated with both high stress reactivity and low-risk, high-reward decision-making, as well as low stress reactivity and high-risk/low-reward decision-making. LIMITATIONS These findings should be interpreted considering several methodological constraints, such as the use of a pre-determined sample and instruments not tailored for our hypotheses, the MINI 'Suicide' Module's limited differentiation between suicidal ideation and behavior, and variably timed cortisol sampling. CONCLUSIONS Despite these limitations, the findings from this study support the use of evidence-based interventions focused on improving sleep quality and managing emotional reactivity to decrease suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyne C Law
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | | | - Samantha V Jacobson
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Margaret M Baer
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Phillip M Baker
- Department of Psychology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew T Tull
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA; Lyra Health Inc., Burlingame, CA, USA
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de Freitas RL, Acunha RM, Bendaña-Córdoba FR, Medeiros P, Melo-Thomas L, Coimbra NC. Nitric oxide-signalling affects panic-like defensive behaviour and defensive antinociception neuromodulation in the prelimbic cerebral cortex. Brain Res 2024; 1844:149134. [PMID: 39097217 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE The prelimbic division (PrL) of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a key structure in panic. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in defensive behaviour and antinociception. METHODS Either Nω-propyl-L-arginine (NPLA) or Carboxy-PTIO was microinjected in the PrL cortex, followed by hypothalamic treatment with bicuculline. The exploratory behaviours, defensive reactions and defensive antinociception were recorded. Encephalic c-Fos protein was immunolabelled after escape behaviour. RESULTS NPLA (an inhibition of nNOs) decreased panic-like responses and innate fear-induced antinociception. The c-PTIO (a membrane-impermeable NO scavenger) decreased the escape behaviour. PrL cortex pre-treatment with c-PTIO at all doses decreased defensive antinociception. c-Fos protein was labelled in neocortical areas, limbic system, and mesencephalic structures. CONCLUSION The NPLA and c-PTIO in the PrL/mPFC decreased the escape behaviour and defensive antinociception organised by medial hypothalamic nuclei. The oriented escape behaviour recruits neocortical areas, limbic system, and mesencephalic structures. These findings suggest that the organisation of defensive antinociception recruits NO-signalling mechanisms within the PrL cortex. Furthermore, the present findings also support the role of NO as a retrograde messenger in the PrL cortex during panic-like emotional reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Leonardo de Freitas
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; Laboratory of Neurosciences of Pain & Emotions and Multi-User Centre of Neuroelectrophysiology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, FMRP-USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; Institute of Neuroscience and Behaviour (INeC) Ophidiarium, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-901, Brazil; Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples 80138, Italy; Institute of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Str. Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Alfenas, 37130-000 Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil.
| | - Renata Moreira Acunha
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; Laboratory of Neurosciences of Pain & Emotions and Multi-User Centre of Neuroelectrophysiology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, FMRP-USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando René Bendaña-Córdoba
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; Laboratory of Neurosciences of Pain & Emotions and Multi-User Centre of Neuroelectrophysiology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, FMRP-USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Priscila Medeiros
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; Laboratory of Neurosciences of Pain & Emotions and Multi-User Centre of Neuroelectrophysiology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, FMRP-USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; Department of General and Specialized Nursing, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing (EERP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Liana Melo-Thomas
- Marburg Centre for Mind, Brain, and Behaviour (MCMBB) of the Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany; Behavioural Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Norberto Cysne Coimbra
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; Institute of Neuroscience and Behaviour (INeC) Ophidiarium, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-901, Brazil.
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97
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Leonard BT, Kark SM, Granger SJ, Adams JG, McMillan L, Yassa MA. Anhedonia is associated with higher functional connectivity between the nucleus accumbens and paraventricular nucleus of thalamus. J Affect Disord 2024; 366:1-7. [PMID: 39197547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anhedonia stands as a life-threatening transdiagnostic feature of many mental illnesses, most notably major depression and involves neural circuits for processing reward information. The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) is associated with reward-seeking behavior, however, links between the PVT circuit and anhedonia have not been investigated in humans. METHODS In a sample of adults with and without psychiatric symptoms (n = 75, 18-41 years, 55 female), we generated an anhedonia factor score for each participant using a latent factor analysis, utilizing data from depression and anxiety assessments. Functional connectivity between the PVT and the nucleus accumbens (NAc) was calculated from high-resolution (1.5 mm) resting state fMRI. RESULTS Anhedonia factor scores showed a positive relationship with functional connectivity between the PVT and the NAc, principally in males and in those with psychiatric symptoms. In males, connectivity between other midline thalamic nuclei and the NAc did not show these relationships, suggesting that this link may be specific to PVT. LIMITATIONS This cohort was originally recruited to study depression and not anhedonia per se. The distribution of male and female participants in our cohort was not equal. Partial acquisition in high-resolution fMRI scans restricted regions of interest outside of the thalamus and reward networks. CONCLUSIONS We report evidence that anhedonia is associated with enhanced functional connectivity between the PVT and the NAc, regions that are relevant to reward processing. These results offer clues as to the potential prevention and prevention and treatment of anhedonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca T Leonard
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine 92697, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine 92697, USA
| | - Sarah M Kark
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine 92697, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine 92697, USA
| | - Steven J Granger
- Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joren G Adams
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; VA HSR&D Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Liv McMillan
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine 92697, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine 92697, USA
| | - Michael A Yassa
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine 92697, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine 92697, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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98
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Zang Z, Yin Y, Liu C, Zhu Q, Huang X, Li H, Yang R. IL21R hypomethylation as a biomarker for distinguishing benign and malignant breast tumours. Epigenetics 2024; 19:2352683. [PMID: 38723244 PMCID: PMC11086039 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2352683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Some benign and malignant breast tumours are similar in pathological morphology, which are difficult to be distinguished in clinical diagnosis. In this study, we intended to explore novel biomarkers for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tumours. Methylation EPIC 850K beadchip and RNA-sequencing were used to analyse 29 tissue samples from patients with early-stage breast cancer (BC) and benign breast tumours for differently methylated and expressed genes. The altered methylation of IL21R was semi-quantitatively validated in an independent study with 566 tissue samples (279 BC vs. 287 benign breast tumours) using mass spectrometry. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between IL21R methylation and BC. BC-associated IL21R hypomethylation and overexpression were identified in the discovery round. In the validation round, BC patients presented significant IL21R hypomethylation compared to women with benign breast tumours (ORs ≥1.29 per-10% methylation, p-values ≤ 5.69E-14), and this hypomethylation was even enhanced in BC patients with ER-negative and PR-negative tumours as well as with triple-negative tumours. The methylation of IL21R showed efficient discriminatory power to distinguish benign breast tumours from BC (area under curve (AUC) = 0.88), and especially from ER-negative BC (AUC = 0.95), PR-negative BC (AUC = 0.93) and triple-negative BC (AUC = 0.96). We disclosed significant IL21R hypomethylation in patients with BC compared to women with benign breast tumours, and revealed the somatic change of DNA methylation could be a potential biomarker for molecular pathology of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishan Zang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifei Yin
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People’s Hospital of Huai’an, Huaian, China
| | - Chunlan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuandong Huang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People’s Hospital of Huai’an, Huaian, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People’s Hospital of Huai’an, Huaian, China
| | - Rongxi Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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99
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Herhaus B, Heni M, Bloch W, Petrowski K. Dynamic interplay of cortisol and BDNF in males under acute and chronic psychosocial stress - A randomized controlled study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 170:107192. [PMID: 39332135 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
The neurotrophic protein brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a pivotal role in brain function and is affected by acute and chronic stress. We here investigate the patterns of BDNF and cortisol stress reactivity and recovery under the standardized stress protocol of the TSST and the effect of perceived chronic stress on the basal BDNF levels in healthy young men. Twenty-nine lean young men underwent the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and a resting condition. Serum BDNF and cortisol were measured before and repeatedly after both conditions. The perception of chronic stress was assessed by the Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress (TICS). After the TSST, there was a significant increase over time for BDNF and cortisol. Stronger increase in cortisol in response to stress was linked to an accelerated BDNF decline after stress. Basal resting levels of BDNF was significantly predicted by chronic stress perception. The increased BDNF level following psychosocial stress suggest a stress-induced neuroprotective mechanism. The presumed interplay between BDNF and the HPA-axis indicates an antagonistic relationship of cortisol on BDNF recovery post-stress. Chronically elevated high cortisol levels, as present in chronic stress, could thereby contribute to reduced neurogenesis, and an increased risk of neurodegenerative conditions in persons suffering from chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Herhaus
- Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Martin Heni
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany; Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Katja Petrowski
- Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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100
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Doan TNA, Cowley JM, Phillips AL, Briffa JF, Leemaqz SY, Burton RA, Romano T, Wlodek ME, Bianco-Miotto T. Imprinted gene alterations in the kidneys of growth restricted offspring may be mediated by a long non-coding RNA. Epigenetics 2024; 19:2294516. [PMID: 38126131 PMCID: PMC10761017 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2023.2294516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered epigenetic mechanisms have been previously reported in growth restricted offspring whose mothers experienced environmental insults during pregnancy in both human and rodent studies. We previously reported changes in the expression of the DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3a and the imprinted genes Cdkn1c (Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C) and Kcnq1 (Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1) in the kidney tissue of growth restricted rats whose mothers had uteroplacental insufficiency induced on day 18 of gestation, at both embryonic day 20 (E20) and postnatal day 1 (PN1). To determine the mechanisms responsible for changes in the expression of these imprinted genes, we investigated DNA methylation of KvDMR1, an imprinting control region (ICR) that includes the promoter of the antisense long non-coding RNA Kcnq1ot1 (Kcnq1 opposite strand/antisense transcript 1). Kcnq1ot1 expression decreased by 51% in growth restricted offspring compared to sham at PN1. Interestingly, there was a negative correlation between Kcnq1ot1 and Kcnq1 in the E20 growth restricted group (Spearman's ρ = 0.014). No correlation was observed between Kcnq1ot1 and Cdkn1c expression in either group at any time point. Additionally, there was a 11.25% decrease in the methylation level at one CpG site within KvDMR1 ICR. This study, together with others in the literature, supports that long non-coding RNAs may mediate changes seen in tissues of growth restricted offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu N. A. Doan
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - James M. Cowley
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Aaron L. Phillips
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jessica F. Briffa
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shalem Y. Leemaqz
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Rachel A. Burton
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tania Romano
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mary E. Wlodek
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tina Bianco-Miotto
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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