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Guarnieri L, Castronuovo L, Flexner N, Yang Y, L'Abbe MR, Tiscornia V. Monitoring sodium content in processed and ultraprocessed foods in Argentina 2022: compliance with National Legislation and Regional Targets. Public Health Nutr 2024; 27:e193. [PMID: 39354662 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024001423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the current Na levels in a variety of processed food groups and categories available in the Argentinean market to monitor compliance with the National Law and to compare the current Na content levels with the updated Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO) regional targets. DESIGN Observational cross-sectional study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Argentina. Data were collected during March 2022 in the city of Buenos Aires in two of the main supermarket chains. We carried out a systematic survey of pre-packaged food products available in the food supply assessing Na content as reported in nutrition information panels. RESULTS We surveyed 3997 food products, and the Na content of 760 and 2511 of them was compared with the maximum levels according to the Argentinean law and the regional targets, respectively. All food categories presented high variability of Na content. More than 90 % of the products included in the National Sodium Reduction Law were found to be compliant. Food groups with high median Na, such as meat and fish condiments, leavening flour and appetisers are not included in the National Law. In turn, comparisons with PAHO regional targets indicated that more than 50 % of the products were found to exceed the regional targets for Na. CONCLUSIONS This evidence suggests that it is imperative to update the National Sodium Reduction Law based on regional public health standards, adding new food groups and setting more stringent legal targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Guarnieri
- Fundación Interamericana del Corazón Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Nadia Flexner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Yahan Yang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Mary R L'Abbe
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 1A8, Canada
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Cao X, Wang M, Zhou M, Mi Y, Fazekas-Pongor V, Major D, Lehoczki A, Guo Y. Trends in prevalence, mortality, and risk factors of dementia among the oldest-old adults in the United States: the role of the obesity epidemic. GeroScience 2024; 46:4761-4778. [PMID: 38696055 PMCID: PMC11336039 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The oldest-old population, those aged ≥ 80 years, is the fastest-growing group in the United States (US), grappling with an increasingly heavy burden of dementia. We aimed to dissect the trends in dementia prevalence, mortality, and risk factors, and predict future levels among this demographic. Leveraging data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, we examined the trends in dementia prevalence, mortality, and risk factors (with a particular focus on body mass index, BMI) for US oldest-old adults. Through decomposition analysis, we identified key population-level contributors to these trends. Predictive modeling was employed to estimate future prevalence and mortality levels over the next decade. Between 1990 and 2019, the number of dementia cases and deaths among the oldest-old in the US increased by approximately 1.37 million and 60,000 respectively. The population growth and aging were highlighted as the primary drivers of this increase. High BMI emerged as a growing risk factor. Females showed a disproportionately higher dementia burden, characterized by a unique risk factor profile, including BMI. Predictions for 2030 anticipate nearly 4 million dementia cases and 160,000 related deaths, with a marked increase in prevalence and mortality anticipated among those aged 80-89. The past 30 years have witnessed a notable rise in both the prevalence and mortality of dementia among the oldest-old in the US, accompanied by a significant shift in risk factors, with obesity taking a forefront position. Targeted age and sex-specific public health strategies that address obesity control are needed to mitigate the dementia burden effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueshan Cao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health , Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Minmin Wang
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengge Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanqi Mi
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - David Major
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Lehoczki
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral College, Health Sciences Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, National Institute for Haematology and Infectious Diseases, South Pest Central Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Yang Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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103
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Mendoza-Pinto C, Sánchez-Tecuatl M, Berra-Romani R, Maya-Castro ID, Etchegaray-Morales I, Munguía-Realpozo P, Cárdenas-García M, Arellano-Avendaño FJ, García-Carrasco M. Machine learning in the prediction of treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2024; 68:152501. [PMID: 39226650 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2024.152501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the current status and performance of machine learning (ML) approaches in providing reproducible treatment response predictions. METHODS This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement and the CHARMS checklist. We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCO databases for cohort studies that derived and/or validated ML models focused on predicting rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment response. We extracted data and critically appraised studies based on the Transparent Reporting of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis (TRIPOD) and Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) guidelines. RESULTS From 210 unduplicated records identified by the literature search, we retained 29 eligible studies. Of these studies, 10 developed a predictive model and reported a mean adherence to the TRIPOD guidelines of 45.6 % (95 % CI: 38.3-52.8 %). The remaining 19 studies not only developed a predictive model but also validated it externally, with a mean adherence of 42.9 % (95 % CI: 39.1-46.6 %). Most of the articles had an unclear risk of bias (41.4 %), followed by a high risk of bias, which was present in 37.9 %. CONCLUSIONS In recent years, ML methods have been increasingly used to predict treatment response in RA. Our critical appraisal revealed unclear and high risk of bias in most of the identified models, suggesting that researchers can do more to address the risk of bias and increase transparency, including the use of calibration measures and reporting methods for handling missing data. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Mendoza-Pinto
- Department of Rheumatology, Medicine School, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico; Rheumatology and Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Specialties Hospital UMAE-CIBIOR, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Marcial Sánchez-Tecuatl
- Electronics Department, National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Roberto Berra-Romani
- Department of Biomedicine, Medicine School, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico
| | | | - Ivet Etchegaray-Morales
- Department of Rheumatology, Medicine School, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico
| | - Pamela Munguía-Realpozo
- Department of Rheumatology, Medicine School, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico; Rheumatology and Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Specialties Hospital UMAE-CIBIOR, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - Maura Cárdenas-García
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Medicine School, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico.
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Nigam A, Vuddemarry M, Zadey S. Economic burden of suicide deaths in India (2019): a retrospective, cross-sectional study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. SOUTHEAST ASIA 2024; 29:100477. [PMID: 39315385 PMCID: PMC11417197 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2024.100477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Background India has the highest number of suicide deaths in the world. Suicide prevention requires policy attention and resource allocation. Evidence of economic losses due to disease burden can influence such allocations. We assessed the economic burden and its distribution across states and demographic groups in India. Methods We used the human capital approach in this retrospective cross-sectional analysis to assess the economic burden of suicide in India for the year 2019 for 28 Indian states and 3 union territories (UTs). We calculated the monetary value for the years of life lost disaggregated by states, age groups, and sexes. For sensitivity, we present a library of estimates using different discount rates, life expectancy thresholds, and estimates specific to the populations that can participate in the workforce. Findings The national economic burden of suicide was US$ 16,749,079,455 (95% Uncertainty Interval: 11,913,034,910-22,404,233,468). The top three states, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Maharashtra, contributed to 44.82% of the total burden in India. The age group 20-34 years had the largest suicide burden and contributed to 53.05% of the overall national economic burden (US$ 8,885,436,385 [6,493,912,818-11,694,138,884]). Twenty states and UTs had a greater economic burden for females than males. Interpretation The current analysis ascertains a high economic burden of suicide among the Indian youth and females, necessitating concerted multisectoral efforts and immediate investments. Funding None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anukrati Nigam
- Association for Socially Applicable Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- PEGASUS Institute, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Madhurima Vuddemarry
- Association for Socially Applicable Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Rajarshee Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj Govt. Medical College and Chhatrapati Pramilatai Raje Hospital, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Siddhesh Zadey
- Association for Socially Applicable Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- GEMINI Research Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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105
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McDevitt AW, McMullen J, Shepherd M. Empowering tomorrow's healers: a perspective on integrating person-centered care into physical therapist education. J Man Manip Ther 2024; 32:457-463. [PMID: 39279351 PMCID: PMC11421157 DOI: 10.1080/10669817.2024.2402100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amy W. McDevitt
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- UCHealth Sports Therapy Clinic, University of Colorado Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Jamie McMullen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mark Shepherd
- Department of Physical Therapy, Bellin College, Green Bay, WI, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins Health System, Odenton, MD, USA
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Mou P, Qu H, Guan J, Yao Y, Zhang Z, Dong J. Extreme temperature events, functional dependency, and cardiometabolic multimorbidity: Insights from a national cohort study in China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 284:117013. [PMID: 39241607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extreme temperature events (ETEs), including heatwaves and cold spells, are attracting increasing attention because of their impacts on human health. However, the association between ETEs and cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) and the role of functional dependency in this relationship remain unclear. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from 2011 to 2020, considering 12 definitions each for heatwaves and cold spells, and three levels of functional dependency. Mixed Cox models with time-varying variables were used to comprehensively assess the independent and combined effects of ETEs and functional dependency on CMM. Additionally, subgroup analyses were conducted to investigate whether the relationship between ETEs and CMM was modified by the baseline characteristics. RESULTS Heatwave and cold spell exposures were associated with an increased risk of CMM (HR range: 1.028-1.102 and 1.046-1.187, respectively). Compared to participants with normal functional abilities, the risk of CMM increased with higher levels of functional dependency (HR range: 1.938-2.185). ETEs exposure and functional dependency are jointly associated with CMM risk. Participants with high-intensity ETEs exposure and high functional dependency had the greatest risk of developing CMM. Participants aged 60 and above were more susceptible to the effects of ETEs on CMM. Additionally, urban residents and those in northern regions were more vulnerable to heatwaves. CONCLUSION Both ETEs exposure and functional dependency increase the risk of developing CMM. Participants with functional dependency exposed to high-intensity ETEs faced the highest risk of developing CMM. These findings highlight the significant impact of ETEs on CMM and the importance of protecting vulnerable populations during periods of extreme temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengsen Mou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Huiyan Qu
- Yichang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yichang, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Yuxin Yao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Zhongbo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping, Shenyang 110001, PR China.
| | - Jing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, PR China.
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107
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Marques YA, Custódio LA, Miyamoto GC, Nunes Cabral CM, de Toledo AM, Luiz Carregaro R. What are the costs of managing neck and low back pain in Brazil? Investigation of a ten-year period from the perspective of the Brazilian public health system. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2024; 24:943-952. [PMID: 38832499 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2024.2364038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Considering the prospects of increased prevalence and disability due to neck and low back pain, it is relevant to investigate the care processes adopted, to assist future public policies and decision-making for a better allocation of resources. Objective: the aim of this study was to estimate the costs arising from inpatient and outpatient care of individuals with Neck Pain (NP) and Low Back Pain (LBP) in Brazil, between 2010 and 2019. METHODS This is a cost-of-illness study from the perspective of the Brazilian public health system, based on health conditions with high prevalence (neck and low back pain). Data were presented descriptively using absolute and relative values. RESULTS Between 2010 and 2019, the health system spent more than $600 million (R$ 2.3 billion) to treat NP and LBP in adults, and LBP accounted for most of the expenses. Female had higher absolute expenses in inpatient care and in the outpatient system. CONCLUSION Our study showed that the costs with NP and LBP in Brazil were considerable. Female patients had higher outpatient costs and male patients had higher hospitalization costs. Healthcare expenses were concentrated for individuals between 34 and 63 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Andrade Marques
- Master Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Luciana Alves Custódio
- Master Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
- State Health Department of the Federal District (SES/DF), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Gisela Cristiane Miyamoto
- Master and Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Maria Nunes Cabral
- Master and Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Luiz Carregaro
- Master Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
- Department of Health Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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108
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Langjord T, Pedersen G, Bovim T, Bremer K, Christensen TB, Hove O, Kildahl AN, Mork E, Norheim AB, Ramleth RK, Romm KL, Siqveland J, Schønning T, Stänicke LI, Torgersen T, Pettersen MS, Tveit T, Urnes Ø, Walby FA, Kvarstein EH. Evaluation of health services and treatment alliance among extensively hospitalized patients due to severe self-harm - results from the Extreme Challenges project. Nord J Psychiatry 2024; 78:591-602. [PMID: 39126325 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2024.2376162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive psychiatric hospitalization due to repeated severe self-harm (SH), is a poorly researched area, but a challenge within health services (HS). Recent studies have demonstrated high levels of involuntary treatment among patients with severe personality disorder (PD) and complex comorbidity. Keeping focus on extensively hospitalized SH patients, this study aimed to investigate patients' and clinicians' evaluation of HS and treatment alliance. METHOD A cross-sectional study with an inpatient sample (age >18 years) with frequent (>5) or long (>4 weeks) psychiatric hospital admissions last year due to SH or SA recruited from 12 hospitals across health regions (N = 42). Evaluation included patient and clinician report. RESULTS A minority of the patients (14%) were satisfied with HS before the current admission, 45% (patients) and 20% (clinicians) found the current admission helpful, and 46% (patients) and 14% (clinicians) worried about discharge. Treatment complaints were received in 38% of the cases. Outpatient mental HS were available after discharge for 68% and a majority of clinicians indicated satisfactory contact across HS. More intensive or specialized formats were unusual (structured outpatient treatment 35%, day treatment 21%, ambulatory services 32%, planned inpatient services 31%). Mutual problem understanding, aims, and confidence in therapists during the hospital stay were limited (patient-rated satisfactory mutual problem understanding: 39%, aims of stay: 50%, confidence: 50%). Patient and therapist alliance-ratings were in concordance for the majority. CONCLUSION The study highlights poor HS satisfaction, poor patient-therapist coherence, limited treatment alliance and limited follow-up in structured treatments addressing SH or intermediary supportive ambulatory/day/inpatient services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuva Langjord
- Section for Personality Psychiatry and Specialized Treatments, Department for National and Regional Functions, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Pedersen
- Network for Personality Disorders, Section for Personality Psychiatry and Specialized Treatments, Department for National and Regional Functions, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tone Bovim
- Regional Centre - Violence, Trauma and Suicide Prevention, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Acute Medicine, Division of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Bremer
- Department for National and Regional Functions, National Advisory Unit Personality Psychiatry, Section for Personality Psychiatry and Specialized Treatments, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Oddbjørn Hove
- Department of Research and Innovation, Helse Fonna Health Trust, Haugesund, Norway
| | - Arvid Nikolai Kildahl
- National Advisory Unit Personality Psychiatry, Section for Personality Psychiatry and Specialized Treatments, Department for National and Regional Functions, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Nevsom Norwegian Centre of Expertise for Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Hypersomnias, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erlend Mork
- Early Intervention in Psychosis Advisory Unit for Southeast Norway, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ruth-Kari Ramleth
- Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Lie Romm
- Early Intervention in Psychosis Advisory Unit for Southeast Norway, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johan Siqveland
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department for Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Line Indrevoll Stänicke
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nic Waal Institute, Lovisenberg Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Terje Torgersen
- Department of Mental Health Care, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mona S Pettersen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tone Tveit
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Bergen University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Øyvind Urnes
- Department for National and Regional Functions, National Advisory Unit Personality Psychiatry, Section for Personality Psychiatry and Specialized Treatments, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fredrik A Walby
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elfrida Hartveit Kvarstein
- Section for Personality Psychiatry and Specialized Treatments, Department for National and Regional Functions, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Leung L, Mandrusiak A, Martin R, Ma TW, Forbes R. Prescribing exercise therapy for the management of musculoskeletal pain: new-graduate physiotherapists' perceptions and perceived training needs. Physiother Theory Pract 2024; 40:2321-2330. [PMID: 37534976 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2023.2242461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain management is a challenging area of practice for new-graduate physiotherapists during the transition from student to clinician. The attitudes and beliefs of new-graduate physiotherapists toward the use of exercise therapy as part of the management of musculoskeletal pain remain relatively unknown. PURPOSE The aim of the study was to investigate the perspectives of new-graduate physiotherapists toward prescribing exercise therapy in musculoskeletal pain management, and their perceptions of training and support needs in this area of practice. METHODS A qualitative study with a general inductive approach was used to investigate new-graduate physiotherapists' perspectives. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 participants. Interview data was subjected to thematic analysis. RESULTS Four themes were generated following analysis: 1) Balancing the value of exercise with practical challenges; 2) Communication and education are inherent in exercise; 3) Influence of support and training; and 4) The benefits of direct experience. CONCLUSION New-graduate physiotherapists acknowledge the pivotal role of exercise in managing musculoskeletal pain. Direct learning experiences in pre-professional training that develop knowledge and skills required for delivering exercise therapy were highly valued. New-graduates recognize pain management as a skill that requires further development and identify the importance of opportunities for professional development in exercise therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Leung
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Allison Mandrusiak
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Romany Martin
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Tsz Wun Ma
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Roma Forbes
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Girardi FA, Nogueira MC, Malta DC, Pissolati Simão FE, Bustamante-Teixeira MT, Guerra MR. The burden of lung cancer and mortality attributable to occupational risk factors between 1990 and 2019 in Brazil and federative units. Public Health 2024; 235:94-101. [PMID: 39084048 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyse the attributable risk of mortality and DALYs (Disability Adjusted Life Years) due to occupational carcinogens for lung cancer between 1990 and 2019 in Brazil and federation units, as well as its relationship with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). STUDY DESIGN Epidemiological study. METHODS This is an epidemiological study that used GBD 2019 (Global Burden of Disease Study) estimates of lung cancer mortality rates and DALYs attributable to occupational carcinogens. The relationship between these rates and SDI was assessed using panel data analysis. RESULTS In Brazil, occupational exposure to asbestos, silica and diesel vapours accounted for more than 85.00% of lung cancer deaths and DALYs attributable to occupational carcinogens in both sexes between 1990 and 2019. An increase in both rates was observed in women for almost all the occupational carcinogens assessed, especially in the North and Northeast regions of the country, with diesel vapours standing out the most. CONCLUSIONS The present study highlighted the urge to characterise exposure to occupational risks for lung cancer, especially for the female population in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Girardi
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - M C Nogueira
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - D C Malta
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Enfermagem Materno-Infantil e Saúde Pública, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - F E Pissolati Simão
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - M T Bustamante-Teixeira
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - M R Guerra
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
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Briones-Valdivieso C, Salerno PRVO, Navarrete-Muñoz EM, Valera-Gran D, López-Bueno R, Al-Kindi S, Deo SV, Petermann-Rocha F. Metabolic and behavioural risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in Southern Latin America: analysis of the Global Burden of Disease 1990-2019. Public Health 2024; 235:211-218. [PMID: 39163728 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of global mortality. Modifiable behavioural and metabolic risk factors significantly contribute to the burden of CVD. Given the vast socio-demographic and health outcome heterogeneity in Latin America, similar southern Latin American countries (Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay) were analysed as a distinct group to describe the CVD death rates related to metabolic and behavioural risk factors. STUDY DESIGN An ecological study was performed using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. METHODS Metabolic and behavioural risk factors-related CVD death were examined by analysing age-standardised rates per 100,000 individuals in the three countries between 1990 and 2019. RESULTS While exposure to behavioural risk is decreasing, an upwards trend was observed in metabolic risks. Among the assessed risk factors, metabolic factors emerged as the primary contributors to deaths. High fasting plasma glucose exhibited a remarkable increase in relative importance across most studied contexts. Dietary risks stood out among behavioural factors due to their complexity and substantial changes observed. Although mortality rates have declined for overall CVD, peripheral artery disease mortality is rising. CONCLUSION Modifiable behavioural and metabolic risk factors significantly influence CVD mortality in Southern Latin America. Despite the increasing exposure to metabolic risks, advancements in prevention and treatment are evidenced in the decline of mortality rates for most CVD. These findings emphasise the need for targeted interventions and comprehensive strategies to address their impact on cardiovascular health, advocating for healthy lifestyle behaviours to mitigate the progression and CVD development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P R V O Salerno
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - E M Navarrete-Muñoz
- Occupational Therapy Research Group (InTeO, Investigación en Terapia Ocupacional), Department of Surgery and Pathology, Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández (ISABIAL-UMH), Alicante, Spain; Joint Research Unit UMH-Fisabio (STATSALUT), Alicante, Spain
| | - D Valera-Gran
- Occupational Therapy Research Group (InTeO, Investigación en Terapia Ocupacional), Department of Surgery and Pathology, Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández (ISABIAL-UMH), Alicante, Spain
| | - R López-Bueno
- Department of Physical Medicine and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - S V Deo
- Surgical Services, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, USA; Case School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - F Petermann-Rocha
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile.
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112
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Childs A, Aidoo-Micah G, Maini MK, Meyer T. Immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. JHEP Rep 2024; 6:101130. [PMID: 39308986 PMCID: PMC11414669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2024.101130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major global healthcare challenge, with >1 million patients predicted to be affected annually by 2025. In contrast to other cancers, both incidence and mortality rates continue to rise, and HCC is now the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the treatment landscape for advanced HCC, with trials demonstrating a superior overall survival benefit compared to sorafenib in the first-line setting. Combination therapy with either atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) and bevacizumab (anti-VEGF) or durvalumab (anti-PD-L1) and tremelimumab (anti-CTLA-4) is now recognised as standard of care for advanced HCC. More recently, two phase III studies of ICI-based combination therapy in the early and intermediate disease settings have successfully met their primary end points of improved recurrence- and progression-free survival, respectively. Despite these advances, and in contrast to other tumour types, there remain no validated predictive biomarkers of response to ICIs in HCC. Ongoing research efforts are focused on further characterising the tumour microenvironment in order to select patients most likely to benefit from ICI and identify novel therapeutic targets. Herein, we review the current understanding of the immune landscape in which HCC develops and the evidence for ICI-based therapeutic strategies in HCC. Additionally, we describe the state of biomarker development and novel immunotherapy approaches in HCC which have progressed beyond the pre-clinical stage and into early-phase trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Childs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gloryanne Aidoo-Micah
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mala K. Maini
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tim Meyer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, UK
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113
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Chen Y, Gao R, Fang J, Ding S. A review: Polysaccharides targeting mitochondria to improve obesity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134448. [PMID: 39102922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are one of the most important and widely used bioactive components of natural products, which can be used to treat metabolic diseases. Natural polysaccharides (NPs) have been the subject of much study and research in the field of treating obesity in recent years. Studies in the past have demonstrated that mitochondria are important for the initiation, progression, and management of obesity. Additionally, NPs have the ability to improve mitochondrial dysfunction via a variety of mechanisms. This review summarized the relationship between the structure of NPs and their anti-obesity activity, focusing on the anti-obesity effects of these compounds at the mitochondrial level. We discussed the association between the structure and anti-obesity action of NPs, including molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkage, conformation and extraction methods. Furthermore, NPs can demonstrate a range of functions in adipose tissue, including but not limited to improving the mitochondrial oxidative respiratory chain, inhibiting oxidative stress, and maintaining mitochondrial mass homeostasis. The purpose of this work is to acquire a thorough understanding of the function that mitochondria play in the anti-obesity effects of NPs and to offer fresh insights for the investigation of how NPs prevent obesity and the creation of natural anti-obesity medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Rong Gao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Jun Fang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
| | - Sujuan Ding
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
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114
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Wang Q, Zhang J, Yin X, Liu T, Li C, Yuan H, Li D. Antiurolithiatic effect of triptonide in ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis in rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024; 34:926-935. [PMID: 38922301 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2024.2364882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Urolithiasis is one of the most prevalent benign urological disorders globally with a high incidence rate. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were chemically induced to have urolithiasis and treated with triptonide and the standard antiurolithic drug cystone. Kidney weight was measured to detect calculi formation, and urinary parameters such as pH, 24-h urine volume, and protein content were measured to analyze the urolithiasis induction in rats. The inorganic ions, organic solutes, antioxidant levels, and inflammatory cytokines were measured in the experimental rats. Triptonide treatment significantly modulated the urinary pH, decreased the protein concentration, and increased the urinary outflow in urolithiasis induced rats. It also significantly decreased the urinary excretion of calcium and phosphorous and increased the excretion of magnesium, potassium, sodium, creatinine, and uric acid. SOD, CAT, and GPx levels were increased in triptonide-treated rats, and it significantly reduced the MDA levels. Triptonide treatment also decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines and prevented the renal tissue from inflammation. To conclude, our results prove that triptonide significantly prevents calculi formation and protects renal tissue from urolithiasis-induced damage in rats. Further studies may prove triptonide a potent alternative to currently available antiurolithic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of Urology, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Jinghong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaosong Yin
- Department of Urology, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Tongwei Liu
- Department of Urology, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Chuangui Li
- Department of Urology, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Haibo Yuan
- Department of Urology, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Ding Li
- Department of Urology, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, China
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Shang Z, Lang X, Wang J, Zhang X. Prevalence and risk factors of suicide attempts in young, first-episode and drug-naïve Chinese Han outpatients with psychotic major depressive disorder. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:1517-1526. [PMID: 37878033 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01698-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between psychotic symptoms and suicide attempts in young first-episode, drug-naive Chinese Han outpatients diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The prevalence of Psychotic Major Depressive Disorder (PMD) was found to be 8.3% among the enrolled MDD patients. The study assessed 1289 participants using various scales to evaluate the severity of clinical symptoms, including the CGI-S, the HAMD, the HAMA, and the PANSS positive subscale. Additionally, thyroid hormone and glucolipid metabolism indicators were examined. The findings indicate that among patients with PMD, 41.12% had recent suicide attempts, while 6.54% had previous suicide attempts. Patients who recently attempted suicide exhibited higher scores on the HAMA and CGI scales, along with elevated serum levels of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and total cholesterol (TC), as well as higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Notably, TSH levels independently correlated with recent suicide attempts in PMD patients, with an impressive area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.923. Furthermore, the subgroup of patients with previous suicide attempts displayed longer illness duration and higher HAMD scores. Duration of illness and HAMD were found to be independently associated with previous suicide attempts among PMD patients, with a combined predictive effect showing a robust AUROC of 0.910. In conclusion, this study highlights the significant prevalence of recent and previous suicide attempts among young Chinese Han outpatients with PMD. The identification of risk factors, especially the link between TSH levels and recent suicide attempts, offers valuable insights for clinicians to develop targeted interventions and preventive strategies for this vulnerable patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhaoXuan Shang
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - XiaoE Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jikun Wang
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - XiangYang Zhang
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China.
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Pan XG, Li XX, Xia CY, Yin WF, Ding K, Zuo GY, Wang MN, Zhang WK, He J, Xu JK. New polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols with antidepressant activities from Hypericum perforatum L. Bioorg Chem 2024; 151:107657. [PMID: 39053099 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Six new polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs), hyperidiones A-F (1-6), were obtained from Hypericum perforatum L. Their structures were characterized via extensive spectroscopic analyses, the circular dichroism data of the in situ formed [Mo2(OCOCH3)4] complexes, the nuclear magnetic resonance calculation with DP4 + probability analysis, and the calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Compounds 1-6 are bicyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols with a major bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,4,9-trione skeleton. Notably, compound 1 is a rare PPAP with a hydroperoxy group, and a plausible biosynthetic pathway for 1 was proposed. Compounds 4 and 6 exhibited significant neuroprotective effects under 10 μM against corticosterone (CORT)-injured SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, compound 4 demonstrated a noteworthy antidepressant effect at the dose of 5 mg/kg in the tail suspension test (TST) of mice, which was equivalent to 5 mg/kg of fluoxetine. And it potentially exerted an antidepressant effect through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ge Pan
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China; Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Xin Li
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong-Yuan Xia
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Feng Yin
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Ding
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Yan Zuo
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Man-Ni Wang
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ku Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie-Kun Xu
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
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Pineda JC, Alvis-Zakzuk NR, Moyano-Támara L, Fierro-Lozada J, Cera-Coll C, Celorio-Murillo W, Alvis-Zakzuk NJ, Zapata-Ospina J, Ruiz-Gómez JF, Zakzuk J, Alvis-Guzmán N, Castillo-Molina D. Clinical and Sociodemographic Features of Alopecia Areata in Five Colombian Cities: An Analysis of the RENAAC Registry. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2024; 115:T845-T851. [PMID: 39243883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2024.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by non-scaring hair loss and preservation of hair follicles. The information available on disease course, and clinical features of AA is scarce worldwide, and almost nonexistent in Colombia. OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of patients diagnosed with AA who presented to a dermatology consultation in five Colombian cities. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a retrospective and multicenter study on data from an ongoing National Registry of Alopecia Areata in Colombia (RENAAC) collected in Bogota, Cali, Cartagena, Barranquilla, and Medellin, Colombia from March 2022 through April 2023. Data was recorded in a standardized form by trained physicians. The variables were expressed as measures of central tendency and dispersion, and absolute and relative frequencies. RESULTS A total of 562 patients were included, 59.4% of whom were women, aged between 15 and 49 years (63.9%) with a mean disease course of 1.7 years. The most common finding was multiple plaque (53.2%), the predominant AA subtype was patchy (71.4%), and 29.5% of the patients had a past dermatological history, 18.3% had a past endocrinological history, and 8.9% had a past psychiatric history. The treatments most widely used were steroid injections (76.4%), 5% topical minoxidil (46.4%), followed by high-potency corticosteroids (42.5%). STUDY LIMITATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS AA was slightly predominant in women. As seen in other populations, this disease had an earlier onset in men vs women. Presentation in pediatric age was uncommon. The previous history of other dermatological diseases was checked in almost one third of the patients. Analysis of the co-presentation of AA with other autoimmune diseases is biased due to excluding patients with systemic erythematous lupus from the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Pineda
- ALZAK Foundation, Cartagena de Indias, Bolívar, Colombia; Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - N R Alvis-Zakzuk
- ALZAK Foundation, Cartagena de Indias, Bolívar, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación ALZAK, Cartagena de Indias, Bolívar, Colombia
| | - L Moyano-Támara
- ALZAK Foundation, Cartagena de Indias, Bolívar, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación ALZAK, Cartagena de Indias, Bolívar, Colombia
| | - J Fierro-Lozada
- Fundación Para la Investigación en Dermatología (FUNINDERMA), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - C Cera-Coll
- Fundación Para la Investigación en Dermatología (FUNINDERMA), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - W Celorio-Murillo
- Universidad Libre, Grupo de Investigación Grinder, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - N J Alvis-Zakzuk
- Universidad de la Costa, Grupo de Investigación Gestión Hospitalaria y Políticas de Salud, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia; Universidade de São Paulo, Programa de Posgraduação em Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - J Zapata-Ospina
- Hospital Alma Máter de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | | | - J Zakzuk
- Universidad de Cartagena, Grupo de Economía de la Salud, Cartagena de Indias, Bolívar, Colombia
| | - N Alvis-Guzmán
- Universidad de Cartagena, Grupo de Economía de la Salud, Cartagena de Indias, Bolívar, Colombia
| | - D Castillo-Molina
- Fundación Para la Investigación en Dermatología (FUNINDERMA), Bogotá, Colombia
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Wang H, Yu X, Guo J, Ma S, Liu Y, Hu Y, Li J, Song Y, Zou Z. Burden of cardiovascular disease among the Western Pacific region and its association with human resources for health, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2024; 51:101195. [PMID: 39286450 PMCID: PMC11404088 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Background A comprehensive profile of cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden and human resources for health (HRH) distribution in the WHO Western Pacific region has yet to be presented. Studies on the relationship between HRH and CVD in this region are limited. We aimed to describe CVD trends and HRH density in the Western Pacific region and explore the association of HRH with CVD burden. Methods Estimates of CVD deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021, and the annual density of HRH was retrieved from GBD 2019. We presented trends in CVD burden and HRH density across 31 Western Pacific countries. Spearman rank correlation analysis and generalized linear models were used to examine associations between CVD burden and HRH density. Findings In 2021, CVD caused six million deaths and 125 million DALYs in the Western Pacific region, accounting for 39.4% and 22.5% of all-cause deaths and DALYs. From 1990 to 2021, the number of CVD deaths and DALYs increased by 94.9% and 57.3% in this region, whereas the age-standardized rate of CVD deaths and DALYs declined in all countries. In 2021, stroke and ischemic heart disease were the leading causes in the Western Pacific region, and a 32-year increase in CVD burden was primarily driven by aortic aneurysm, lower extremity peripheral arterial disease, endocarditis, and atrial fibrillation and flutter. In 2019, there was an approximately 20-fold difference in HRH density across 31 countries from the lowest in Papua New Guinea to the highest in Australia. HRH density was negatively related to the age-standardized rate of CVD deaths (r s = -0.74) and DALYs (r s = -0.73), especially strong associations between CVD burden and the density of dentistry personnel, aides & emergency medical workers, and medical laboratory technicians. Interpretation CVD remains a pressing public health issue in the Western Pacific region where noticeable shortages in health workers exist. The negative associations between CVD burden and HRH density suggest that health workers, especially dentistry personnel, aides & emergency medical staff, and medical laboratory technicians merit more investment to reduce the CVD burden. Funding National Natural Science Foundation of China (82073573 to ZZ; 82273654 to YS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaoran Yu
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jianhui Guo
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Sheng Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yunfei Liu
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yifei Hu
- Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yi Song
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhiyong Zou
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, 100191, China
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Sterpetti AV, Campagnol M, Sapienza P, Marzo LD, Gabriele R. Decreasing levels of atmospheric pollution and simultaneous reduced number of cardiovascular hospital admissions and operations with improved results. Analysis of the Italian National Registries. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102774. [PMID: 39089408 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of our study was to determine a correlation between decrease of levels of atmospheric pollution (as determined by air levels of Particulate Matters with a diameter equal or less to 2.5 microns) and reduced number of hospital admissions and operations for patients with common cardiovascular diseases in Italy. METHODS We correlated number of hospital admissions and cardiovascular operations and atmospheric levels of PM.2.5 from 2015 to 2019 in Italy. This time interval was chosen because the possibility to analyze data about other established cardiovascular risk factors as reported by the European Union Eurostat. RESULTS A statistically significant decrease of hospital admissions for cardiovascular and pulmonary emergencies was registered in Italy from 2015 to 2019 (p<0.01). The number also of cardiovascular operations showed a trend towards reduction with improved 30-days results, without reaching a statistically significant correlation (p =0.10). In the period 2015-2019, there was a steady decrease of atmospheric levels of pM2.5, either in urban or rural areas (p<0.01). The decrease of atmospheric levels of PMs2.5 started in 2010 and continued with a steady trend until the year 2019. In the period 2015-2019 exposure of the Italian population to established risk factors for cardiovascular diseases showed a small increase. The number of admissions and operations for non- cardiovascular and non-pulmonary diseases remained unchanged in the period 2015-2019. CONCLUSIONS The findings of our study underline the possibility that decrease of atmospheric pollution may determine almost immediate decrease of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luca Di Marzo
- Department of Surgery, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Khorami AK, Chiarotto A, Kongsted A, Hartvigsen J, Koes BW. Characteristics and outcomes of patients with low back pain with and without radiating leg pain following the GLA:D back program. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2024; 73:103144. [PMID: 39038395 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2024.103144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some patients with low back pain (LBP) also report radiating leg pain which is a prognostic factor for poorer clinical outcomes. We aimed: 1) to compare the baseline characteristics of patients with LBP with - (LBP + leg pain) and without radiating leg pain (LBP - alone); 2) to investigate whether patients with LBP + leg pain show similar post-treatment outcomes as compared to LBP - alone, after participation in an exercise and patient education program, i.e. the GLA:D Back program. METHODS The patient sample included 3508 patients in the GLA:D Back program between March 2018 and August 2022. The outcomes were mean changes in LBP intensity, back-related activity limitation, self-efficacy and fear of movement measured from baseline to 3, 6 and 12 months. Baseline characteristics were compared with descriptive statistics, and linear mixed models were used to estimate group differences in changes from baseline to 3-, 6- and 12 months. RESULTS 1915 (55%) of the patients were in the group LBP- alone and 1593 (45%) in the LBP + leg pain. The LBP + leg pain group displayed higher STarT back classification (greater risk of chronicity) compared to the LBP-alone. The LBP + leg pain group showed almost similar improvements in all outcomes compared to LBP - alone after the GLA:D Back program. CONCLUSION In long-lasting (chronic) LBP patients, the LBP + leg pain group improved to the same extent as LBP - alone regarding LBP intensity, disability, and fear of movement following an exercise and patient education program, GLA:D Back.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Khoshal Khorami
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Alessandro Chiarotto
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alice Kongsted
- Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Chiropractic Knowledge Hub, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jan Hartvigsen
- Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Chiropractic Knowledge Hub, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bart W Koes
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Research Unit of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Lin S, Lei S, Liu W, Zhu X, Yin L, Liu Q, Feng B. Global trends in pharmacovigilance-related events: a 30-year analysis from the 2019 global burden of disease study. Int J Clin Pharm 2024; 46:1076-1090. [PMID: 38727779 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-024-01738-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Establishing effective pharmacovigilance systems globally is challenging due to the need for comprehensive epidemiological data on pharmacovigilance-related events, particularly in countries at different stages of development. AIM This study aimed to determine magnitude and drivers of change in the global and regional burden of pharmacovigilance-related events from 1990 to 2019, analyzing variations between age groups and sex, providing data support for policymakers to adjust their pharmacovigilance policies. METHOD Pharmacovigilance-related events were defined as Adverse Effects of Medical Treatment (AEMT) and Drug Use Disorders (DUD) in the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019. Time trend analysis utilized joinpoint regression, age-period-cohort model, and decomposition method. Disease burden was measured in incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). RESULTS The global burden of pharmacovigilance-related events remained high, driven predominantly by population growth. Children and older adults were identified as particularly susceptible groups. Across various regions and periods of the socio-demographic index (SDI), the risk of death from AEMT showed a decreasing trend. In contrast, the incidence of AEMT and both the incidence and death rates from DUD showed a stable or worsening trend. Significant regional disparities in the burden of these diseases were noted between different SDI levels. CONCLUSION The study underscores the critical need for robust pharmacovigilance systems worldwide. The observed trends in the burden of pharmacovigilance-related events offer a clear direction for countries to refine and strengthen their pharmacovigilance policies and practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhi Lin
- The Department of Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- The Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuang Lei
- The Department of Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- The Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Liu
- The Department of Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- The Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhu
- The Department of Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- The Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Yin
- The Department of Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- The Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Liu
- The Department of Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- The Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bianling Feng
- The Department of Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
- The Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Li N, Li Y, Cui L, Shu R, Song H, Wang J, Chen S, Liu B, Shi H, Gao H, Huang T, Gao X, Geng T, Wu S. Association between different stages of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome and the risk of all-cause mortality. Atherosclerosis 2024; 397:118585. [PMID: 39255681 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.118585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Poor cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) health is a major determinant of all-cause mortality, which poses a significant burden on global public health systems and socio-economics. However, the association between different stages of CKM syndrome and the risk of all-cause mortality remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between different stages of CKM syndrome and risk of all-cause mortality. METHODS A total of 97,777 adults from the Kailuan Study were included. Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) of all-cause mortality according to different stages of CKM syndrome. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 15.0 (14.7-15.2) years, we identified 14,805 all-cause mortality cases. The stage of CKM syndrome was positively associated with the risk of all-cause mortality (p-trend <0.001). Compared with Stage 0, the multivariable-adjusted HRs (95 % CIs) of all-cause mortality were 1.24 (1.06-1.45) for Stage 1, 1.72 (1.48-2.00) for Stage 2, 2.58 (2.22-3.01) for Stage 3 and 3.73 (3.19-4.37) for Stage 4. Moreover, the observed associations were more pronounced in younger adults (aged <60 years) compared with older adults (p for interaction <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that a higher stage of CKM syndrome was associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality, with a particularly pronounced association observed in younger adults. The study emphasized the need for targeted public health strategies and clinical management tailored to the stages of CKM syndrome, aiming to alleviate its burden on individuals and healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Yaqi Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Liufu Cui
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Rong Shu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Haicheng Song
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Jierui Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Shuohua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, No. 57 Xinhua East Road, Lubei District, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Bailu Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Huijing Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Huanqing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Tingting Geng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, No. 57 Xinhua East Road, Lubei District, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei Province, China.
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Lawton A, Tripodi N, Feehan J. Running on empty: Exploring stem cell exhaustion in geriatric musculoskeletal disease. Maturitas 2024; 188:108066. [PMID: 39089047 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2024.108066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Ageing populations globally are associated with increased musculoskeletal disease, including osteoporosis and sarcopenia. These conditions place a significant burden of disease on the individual, society and the economy. To address this, we need to understand the underpinning biological changes, including stem cell exhaustion, which plays a key role in the ageing of the musculoskeletal system. This review of the recent evidence provides an overview of the associated biological processes. The review utilised the PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases. Mechanisms of ageing identified involve a reaction to the chronic inflammation and oxidative stress associated with ageing, resulting in progenitor cell senescence and adipogenic differentiation, leading to decreased mass and quality of both bone and muscle tissue. Although the mechanisms underpinning stem cell exhaustion are unclear, it remains a promising avenue through which to identify new strategies for prevention, detection and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Lawton
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; College of Sport, Health and Engineering, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nicholas Tripodi
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; First Year College, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jack Feehan
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, STEM College, RMIT, Melbourne, Australia.
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Liu Z, Duan Y, Yang L, Du J, Liu H. Global burden of childhood nutritional deficiencies, 1990-2019. Public Health 2024; 235:26-32. [PMID: 39038426 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to estimate the global burden, trends and health inequality of childhood nutritional deficiencies (CND) from 1990 to 2019. STUDY DESIGN This was an epidemiological study. METHODS Data were extracted from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study. Estimates and 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for the rates and numbers were used to evaluate the global burden of CND. Temporal trends in the burden of CND were examined using Joinpoint analysis and average annual percentage changes. To assess health inequality, the slope index was used. RESULTS In 2019, 52 million new cases of CND and 105,000 deaths related to CND were recorded. Additionally, 435 million prevalence cases and 26 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were recorded in the same year. From 1990 to 2019, the incidence rate of CND generally increased globally, except for the years 2010-2017; conversely, the prevalence, death and DALY rates exhibited decreasing trends over the study period. Half of the analysed regions and countries/territories demonstrated decreasing trends in the incidence, prevalence, death and DALY rates associated with CND. The incidence and prevalence of CND remained high in low-middle sociodemographic index (SDI) and low-SDI regions; however, they exhibited decreasing trends over the 30-year study period. The slope indexes showed that there were no significant changes in SDI-related inequality over 30 years. CONCLUSIONS Despite decreasing trends in the prevalence, death and DALY rates associated with CND over the three decades, the degree of inequality related to SDI in the burden of nutritional deficiencies has not shown a significant decline. In summary, CND remain a major public health burden in middle-SDI and low-SDI countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Liu
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical University, Donghai Avenue 2600, Bengbu, China.
| | - Ying Duan
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical University, Donghai Avenue 2600, Bengbu, China.
| | - Ling Yang
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical University, Donghai Avenue 2600, Bengbu, China.
| | - Jing Du
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical University, Donghai Avenue 2600, Bengbu, China.
| | - Huaqing Liu
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical University, Donghai Avenue 2600, Bengbu, China.
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van de Wijdeven B, Visser B, Kuijer PPFM. Evaluating the categorisation of interventions in individual working practice aimed at preventing work-related musculoskeletal disorders: An international experts consultation. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2024; 120:104338. [PMID: 38968738 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
In a previous scoping review, eight categories of interventions in individual work practice were defined. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the relevance and completeness of these eight categories and to increase the clarity of the nomenclature and definitions of each category. An international expert consultation has been carried out for this purpose. Thirty-eight experts from 13 countries participated. Data collection was conducted using a survey design comprising structured questions. Consensus was reached if 75% of the experts answered 'Strongly agree' or 'Agree' on a 5-point Likert scale. For the topic 'Relevance', there was consensus for six of the eight categories (range 78%-86%), the exceptions were the categories: 'Exercising' (72%) and 'Professional manners' (64%). With regard to the topic 'Nomenclature', consensus was reached for six categories and for the topic 'Definition' this was five categories. The present definitions have been improved based on the expert recommendations. With respect to the topic 'Completeness': although a limited number of suggestions were given, this did not lead to one or more categories being added to the existing eight categories. The final 'Nomenclature' for the categories is: 'Variation', 'Professional behaviour', 'Motoric skills', 'Vocational working techniques', 'Physical workplace', 'Physical training', 'Assistive devices and tools' and 'Task content and task organisation'. This expert consultation has provided a solid basis for endorsing the categorisation of interventions in IWP and is an important step in building a framework to develop and evaluate interventions in IWP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert van de Wijdeven
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Bart Visser
- Centre of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied SCs, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - P Paul F M Kuijer
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Guo E, Gupta M, Rossong H, Boone L, Manoranjan B, Ahmed S, Stukalin I, Lama S, Sutherland GR. Healthcare spending versus mortality in central nervous system cancer: Has anything changed? Neurooncol Pract 2024; 11:566-574. [PMID: 39279779 PMCID: PMC11398934 DOI: 10.1093/nop/npae039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The financial implications of central nervous system (CNS) cancers are substantial, not only for the healthcare service and payers, but also for the patients who bear the brunt of direct, indirect, and intangible costs. This study sought to investigate the impact of healthcare spending on CNS cancer survival using recent US data. Methods This study used public data from the Disease Expenditure Project 2016 and the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The primary outcome was the annual healthcare spending trend from 1996 and 2016 on CNS tumors adjusted for disease prevalence, alongside morbidity and mortality. Secondary outcomes included drivers of change in healthcare expenditures for CNS cancers. Subgroup analysis was performed stratified by age group, expenditure type, and care type provided. Results There was a significant increase in total healthcare spending on CNS cancers from $2.72 billion (95% CI: $2.47B to $2.97B) in 1996 to $6.85 billion (95% CI: $5.98B to $7.57B) in 2016. Despite the spending increase, the mortality rate per 100 000 people increased, with 5.30 ± 0.47 in 1996 and 7.02 ± 0.47 in 2016, with an average of 5.78 ± 0.47 deaths per 100 000 over the period. The subgroups with the highest expenditure included patients aged 45 to 64, those with private insurance, and those receiving inpatient care. Conclusions This study highlights a significant rise in healthcare costs for CNS cancers without corresponding improvements in mortality rate, indicating a mismatch of healthcare spending, contemporary advances, and patient outcomes as it relates to mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie Guo
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Project neuroArm, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mehul Gupta
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Heather Rossong
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lyndon Boone
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Branavan Manoranjan
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shubidito Ahmed
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Igor Stukalin
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sanju Lama
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Project neuroArm, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Garnette R Sutherland
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Project neuroArm, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Szymanski R, Abraham M, Childs W, Le K, Velez C, Vaughn I, Lamerato L, Budzynska K. Factors associated with receiving an obesity diagnosis and obesity-related treatment for patients with obesity class II and III within a single integrated health system. Prev Med Rep 2024; 46:102879. [PMID: 39309697 PMCID: PMC11416652 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The prevalence and associated adverse effects of obesity on health and healthcare cost make it a primary public health concern. However, individuals with the physiological features of obesity may be underdiagnosed and undertreated. We aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity diagnoses and obesity-related treatments in an integrated health system and determine the factors associated with receiving an obesity diagnosis and treatment for this indication. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study of data from the Henry Ford Health electronic health record included adult patients with a body mass index (BMI) indicating clinical evidence of class II and III (severe) obesity in 2017 and who received treatment through 2019. The primary outcome was prevalence of obesity diagnosis and obesity-related treatment. Logistic regression evaluated the patient-level factors associated with odds of having obesity diagnosis and treatment. Results Among 64,741 patients meeting the clinical definition of definition of severe obesity, only 40.7 % were clinically diagnosed with obesity, and 23.5 % received an obesity-related intervention. Patients with BMI≥40 kg/m2 (class III) were more likely to be diagnosed with obesity than those with BMI 35-39.9 kg/m2 (class II) (odds ratio [OR] 5.84; 95 % CI, 5.62-6.07). Patients with a diagnosis of obesity (OR 2.92; 95 % CI, 2.80-3.05), Black patients (OR 1.46; 95 % CI, 1.40-1.53), and female patients (OR 1.47; 95 % CI, 1.41-1.54) were more likely to be offered obesity-related treatment. Conclusions Severe obesity may be underdiagnosed in patients who have BMI 35-39.9 kg/m2 and 1 comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Szymanski
- Department of Family Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Megha Abraham
- Department of Family Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - William Childs
- Department of Family Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kristina Le
- Department of Family Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Christopher Velez
- Department of Family Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ivana Vaughn
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
- Henry Ford Health + Michigan State University Health Sciences, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Lois Lamerato
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
- Henry Ford Health + Michigan State University Health Sciences, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Katarzyna Budzynska
- Department of Family Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
- Henry Ford Health + Michigan State University Health Sciences, Detroit, MI, USA
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Tan X, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Li J, Yang X, Wang L, Liao X. Comparative study on the incidence of non-COVID-19 viral pneumonia before and after the COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective analysis based on respiratory non-COVID viral nucleic acid results. JOURNAL OF INTENSIVE MEDICINE 2024; 4:491-495. [PMID: 39310063 PMCID: PMC11411423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jointm.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Background The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the etiology of non-COVID-19 viral pneumonia remains to be identified. We investigated the evolution of non-COVID-19 viral pneumonia in hospitalized patients before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This is a single-center retrospective study. Patients who came to West China Hospital of Sichuan University diagnosed with non-COVID-19 viral pneumonia from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2021, were included and divided into pre- and post-COVID-19 groups according to the date of the COVID-19 outbreak in China. The results of 13 viral nucleic acid tests were compared between the two groups. Results A total of 5937 patients (3954 in the pre-COVID-19 group and 1983 in the post-COVID-19 group) were analyzed. Compared with the pre-COVID-19 group, the proportion of patients tested for respiratory non-COVID-19 viral nucleic acid was significantly increased in the post-COVID-19 group (14.78% vs. 22.79%, P <0.05). However, the non-COVID-19 virus-positive rates decreased from 37.9% to 14.6% after the COVID-19 outbreak (P < 0.001). Notably, non-COVID-19 viral pneumonia caused by the influenza A virus H1N1 (InfAH1N1) (2009) dropped to 0% after the pandemic. The top three viruses were InfAH1N1 (2009) (13.9%), human rhinovirus (7.4%), and human adenovirus (3.4%) in the pre-COVID-19 group, and human rhinovirus (3.8%), human respiratory syncytial virus (2.0%), human parainfluenza virus (1.1%) and InfAH3N2 (1.1%) in the post-COVID-19 group. Conclusions The proportion of non-COVID-19 viral pneumonia decreased significantly after the COVID-19 outbreak, among which InfAH1N1 (2009) pneumonia decreased the most dramatically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Tan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuewei Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijie Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuelian Liao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Tianfu Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Khan MS, Shahid I, Bennis A, Rakisheva A, Metra M, Butler J. Global epidemiology of heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024; 21:717-734. [PMID: 38926611 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-024-01046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome marked by substantial morbidity and mortality. The natural history of HF is well established; however, epidemiological data are continually evolving owing to demographic shifts, advances in treatment and variations in access to health care. Although the incidence of HF has stabilized or declined in high-income countries over the past decade, its prevalence continues to increase, driven by an ageing population, an increase in risk factors, the effectiveness of novel therapies and improved survival. This rise in prevalence is increasingly noted among younger adults and is accompanied by a shift towards HF with preserved ejection fraction. However, disparities exist in our epidemiological understanding of HF burden and progression in low-income and middle-income countries owing to the lack of comprehensive data in these regions. Therefore, the current epidemiological landscape of HF highlights the need for periodic surveillance and resource allocation tailored to geographically vulnerable areas. In this Review, we highlight global trends in the burden of HF, focusing on the variations across the spectrum of left ventricular ejection fraction. We also discuss evolving population-based estimates of HF incidence and prevalence, the risk factors for and aetiologies of this disease, and outcomes in different geographical regions and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Izza Shahid
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ahmed Bennis
- Department of Cardiology, The Ibn Rochd University Hospital Center, Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | - Marco Metra
- Cardiology Unit and Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Javed Butler
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Lamberti O, Terris-Prestholt F, Bustinduy AL, Bozzani F. A health decision analytical model to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of female genital schistosomiasis screening strategies: The female genital schistosomiasis SCREEN framework. Trop Med Int Health 2024; 29:859-868. [PMID: 39095942 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.14040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Female genital schistosomiasis is a chronic gynaecological disease caused by the waterborne parasite Schistosoma (S.) haematobium. It affects an estimated 30-56 million girls and women globally, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa where it is endemic, and negatively impacts their sexual and reproductive life. Recent studies found evidence of an association between female genital schistosomiasis and increased prevalence of HIV and cervical precancer lesions. Despite the large population at risk, the burden and impact of female genital schistosomiasis are scarcely documented, resulting in neglect and insufficient resource allocation. There is currently no standardised method for individual or population-based female genital schistosomiasis screening and diagnosis which hinders accurate assessment of disease burden in endemic countries. To optimise financial allocations for female genital schistosomiasis screening, it is necessary to explore the cost-effectiveness of different strategies by combining cost and impact estimates. Yet, no economic evaluation has explored the value for money of alternative screening methods. This paper describes a novel application of health decision analytical modelling to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of different female genital schistosomiasis screening strategies across endemic settings. The model combines a decision tree for female genital schistosomiasis screening strategies, and a Markov model for the natural history of cervical cancer to estimate the cost per disability-adjusted life-years averted for different screening strategies, stratified by HIV status. It is a starting point for discussion and for supporting priority setting in a data-sparse environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olimpia Lamberti
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Fern Terris-Prestholt
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Amaya L Bustinduy
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Fiammetta Bozzani
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Pineda JC, Alvis-Zakzuk NR, Moyano-Támara L, Fierro-Lozada J, Cera-Coll C, Celorio-Murillo W, Alvis-Zakzuk NJ, Zapata-Ospina J, Ruiz-Gómez JF, Zakzuk J, Alvis-Guzmán N, Castillo-Molina D. Clinical and Sociodemographic Features of Alopecia Areata in Five Colombian Cities: An Analysis of the RENAAC Registry. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2024; 115:845-851. [PMID: 38395225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2024.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by non-scaring hair loss and preservation of hair follicles. The information available on disease course, and clinical features of AA is scarce worldwide, and almost nonexistent in Colombia. OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of patients diagnosed with AA who presented to a dermatology consultation in five Colombian cities. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a retrospective and multicenter study on data from an ongoing National Registry of Alopecia Areata in Colombia (RENAAC) collected in Bogota, Cali, Cartagena, Barranquilla, and Medellin, Colombia from March 2022 through April 2023. Data was recorded in a standardized form by trained physicians. The variables were expressed as measures of central tendency and dispersion, and absolute and relative frequencies. RESULTS A total of 562 patients were included, 59.4% of whom were women, aged between 15 and 49 years (63.9%) with a mean disease course of 1.7 years. The most common finding was multiple plaque (53.2%), the predominant AA subtype was patchy (71.4%), and 29.5% of the patients had a past dermatological history, 18.3% had a past endocrinological history, and 8.9% had a past psychiatric history. The treatments most widely used were steroid injections (76.4%), 5% topical minoxidil (46.4%), followed by high-potency corticosteroids (42.5%). STUDY LIMITATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS AA was slightly predominant in women. As seen in other populations, this disease had an earlier onset in men vs women. Presentation in pediatric age was uncommon. The previous history of other dermatological diseases was checked in almost one third of the patients. Analysis of the co-presentation of AA with other autoimmune diseases is biased due to excluding patients with systemic erythematous lupus from the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Pineda
- ALZAK Foundation, Cartagena de Indias, Bolívar, Colombia; Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - N R Alvis-Zakzuk
- ALZAK Foundation, Cartagena de Indias, Bolívar, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación ALZAK, Cartagena de Indias, Bolívar, Colombia
| | - L Moyano-Támara
- ALZAK Foundation, Cartagena de Indias, Bolívar, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación ALZAK, Cartagena de Indias, Bolívar, Colombia
| | - J Fierro-Lozada
- Fundación Para la Investigación en Dermatología (FUNINDERMA), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - C Cera-Coll
- Fundación Para la Investigación en Dermatología (FUNINDERMA), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - W Celorio-Murillo
- Universidad Libre, Grupo de Investigación Grinder, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - N J Alvis-Zakzuk
- Universidad de la Costa, Grupo de Investigación Gestión Hospitalaria y Políticas de Salud, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia; Universidade de São Paulo, Programa de Posgraduação em Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - J Zapata-Ospina
- Hospital Alma Máter de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | | | - J Zakzuk
- Universidad de Cartagena, Grupo de Economía de la Salud, Cartagena de Indias, Bolívar, Colombia
| | - N Alvis-Guzmán
- Universidad de Cartagena, Grupo de Economía de la Salud, Cartagena de Indias, Bolívar, Colombia
| | - D Castillo-Molina
- Fundación Para la Investigación en Dermatología (FUNINDERMA), Bogotá, Colombia
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Cayuela L, Cabrera Fernández S, Pereyra-Rodríguez JJ, Hernández-Rodríguez JC, Cayuela A. Rising testicular cancer incidence in Spain despite declining mortality: an age-period-cohort analysis. Actas Urol Esp 2024; 48:596-602. [PMID: 38734070 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testicular cancer, primarily affecting young men, has seen an alarming rise globally. This study delves into incidence and mortality trends in Spain from 1990 to 2019 using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database and the Age-Period-Cohort (A-P-C) model. METHODS We analyzed GBD data on testicular cancer cases and deaths in Spain, calculating age-standardized rates (ASIR and ASMR) and employing Joinpoint regression to identify significant shifts. The A-P-C model further dissected the effects of age, period, and birth cohort on these trends. RESULTS A striking doubling in testicular cancer incidence was observed, from 3.09 to 5.40 per 100,000 men (1.9% annual increase), while mortality rates remained stable and even decreased in younger age groups (0.34 to 0.26 per 100,000, 0.8% annual decrease). Joinpoint analysis revealed four distinct periods of increasing incidence, with a recent slowdown. The A-P-C model highlighted a consistent rise in incidence risk with each successive generation born after 1935, contrasting with a progressive decline in mortality risk across cohorts, particularly marked for those born since the 1960s. CONCLUSION While mortality rates are encouraging, Spain reflects the global trend of escalating testicular cancer incidence. The A-P-C analysis suggests a generational influence, but the underlying causes remain elusive. Further research is crucial to understand these trends and implement effective prevention strategies to combat this growing health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cayuela
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Severo Ochoa, Leganés, Spain
| | - S Cabrera Fernández
- 061 Centro de Emergencias Sanitarias, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Sevilla, Andalucía, Spain
| | - J J Pereyra-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain; Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - A Cayuela
- Unidad de Salud Pública, Prevención y Promoción de la Salud, Área de Gestión Sanitaria Sur de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
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Liu H, Lin X, Qiao L, Liu M, Bai Z, Han J. Secular trends in type 2 diabetes mellitus attributable to PM 2.5 exposure in China from 1990 to 2019: an age-period-cohort analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:3659-3671. [PMID: 38323408 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2314639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Secular trends of mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) attributable to PM2.5 exposure in China remain unclear. This study applied the joinpoint regression analysis and age-period-cohort model to assess the secular trends. There was a slight alternation in age-standardized rate of mortality and DALY in the total population, while the changes were increased in males and decreased in females from 1990 to 2019. Meanwhile, the changes attributable to ambient particular matter pollution exposure (APE) increased significantly and reduced household air pollution from solid fuels exposure (HPE). Longitudinal age curves showed that T2DM mortality and DALY increased with age. Period rate ratios (RR) attributable to APE increased but fell to HPE. Similar trends were observed in the cohort RR. PM2.5 exposure is more harmful to males and older people. The type of air pollution responsible for T2DM has changed from HPE to APE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobiao Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xue Lin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lichun Qiao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mian Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhenbo Bai
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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134
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Filipponi T, Oommen H, Harris A, Evans P. Food consumption patterns, seasonal dietary diversity, and factors affecting food intake in rural Eastern Uganda: A mixed-methods cross-sectional study. Appetite 2024; 201:107550. [PMID: 38880283 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
This mixed-methods cross-sectional study examines food consumption patterns, dietary diversity, and factors affecting food intake and malnutrition in the rural Mbale District in Eastern Uganda, during both wet and dry seasons. Participants (n = 100; 66% females) completed a food frequency questionnaire identifying foods and beverages consumed in the preceding 12 months. Individual interviews (n = 8) were conducted with key workers. Analysis of seventeen food items revealed seasonal variations in carbohydrate and protein sources. During the dry season, staples like matooke (mashed boiled plantains) and sweet and Irish potatoes were affected, while protein-rich foods such as beans and groundnuts saw increased consumption in the wet season. Fruit and vegetable intake also rose during the wet season. The main causes of malnutrition that emerged from the interviews were the lack of knowledge about food and nutrition, financial struggles, climate impact, and cultural beliefs. The last theme covered strategies to combat malnutrition. Although carbohydrate intake remains consistent throughout seasons due to reliance on posho (maize flour porridge) and cassava, variations in the number of meals and protein sources, particularly beans and groundnuts, were observed. Both of these, being the primary protein sources in rural households' diets, are highly susceptible to climate fluctuations. This may pose significant implications for food security, as heightened climate instability may impede their production. Solutions to combat malnutrition discussed by the interviewees include education, employment, family planning, and healthcare improvements. Professionals emphasise the need for comprehensive approaches to address these complex issues. In addition, data on food consumption during the dry and wet seasons should be collected as a difference in food consumption during the seasons may become more prominent with the need to implement tailored interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Filipponi
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, Wales, United Kingdom.
| | - Hanna Oommen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sørlandet Hospital Kristiansand, Kristiansand, Norway; The Research Centre for Women's, Family and Child Health, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Buskerud, Norway
| | - Anthony Harris
- Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Evans
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, Wales, United Kingdom
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Danpanichkul P, Tothanarungroj P, Diaz LA, Arab JP, Liangpunsakul S, Wijarnpreecha K. Letter: Optimising public health policies to combat alcohol-associated liver disease in youth-Authors' reply. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2024; 60:1156-1157. [PMID: 39235430 DOI: 10.1111/apt.18250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Danpanichkul et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18101 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18239
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Affiliation(s)
- Pojsakorn Danpanichkul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | | | - Luis Antonio Diaz
- MASLD Research Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Observatorio Multicéntrico de Enfermedades Gastrointestinales, OMEGA, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Arab
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Observatorio Multicéntrico de Enfermedades Gastrointestinales, OMEGA, Santiago, Chile
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Roudebush Veterans' Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Karn Wijarnpreecha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Banner-University Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- BIO5 Institute, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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136
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Thompson AS, Gaggl M, Bondonno NP, Jennings A, O'Neill JK, Hill C, Karavasiloglou N, Rohrmann S, Cassidy A, Kühn T. Adherence to a healthful plant-based diet and risk of mortality among individuals with chronic kidney disease: A prospective cohort study. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:2448-2457. [PMID: 39305755 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant-rich dietary patterns may protect against negative health outcomes among individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), although aspects of plant-based diet quality have not been studied. This study aimed to examine associations between healthful and unhealthful plant-based dietary patterns with risk of all-cause mortality among CKD patients for the first time. METHODS This prospective analysis included 4807 UK Biobank participants with CKD at baseline. We examined associations of adherence to both the healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI) and unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI), calculated from repeated 24-h dietary assessments, with risk of all-cause mortality using multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models. RESULTS Over a 10-year follow-up, 675 deaths were recorded. Participants with the highest hPDI scores showed a 34% lower risk of mortality [HRQ4vsQ1 (95% CI): 0.66 (0.52-0.83), ptrend <0.001]. Those with the highest uPDI scores had a 52% [1.52 (1.20-1.93), ptrend = 0.002] higher risk of mortality compared to participants with the lowest respective scores. In food group-specific analyses, higher wholegrain intakes were associated with a 29% lower mortality risk, while intakes of refined grains, and sugar-sweetened beverages were associated a 30% and 34% higher risk, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In CKD patients, a higher intake of healthy plant-based foods was associated with a lower risk of mortality, while a higher intake of less healthy plant-based foods was associated with a higher risk of mortality. These results underscore the importance of plant food quality and support the potential role of healthy plant food consumption in the treatment and management of CKD to mitigate unfavourable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysha S Thompson
- The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Martina Gaggl
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Public Health, Public Health Nutrition, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicola P Bondonno
- The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom; Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Amy Jennings
- The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua K O'Neill
- The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Hill
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Nena Karavasiloglou
- Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Cancer Registry of the Cantons Zurich, Zug, Schaffhausen and Schwyz, Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; European Food Safety Authority, Parma, Italy
| | - Sabine Rohrmann
- Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Cancer Registry of the Cantons Zurich, Zug, Schaffhausen and Schwyz, Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aedín Cassidy
- The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
| | - Tilman Kühn
- The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom; Medical University of Vienna, Center for Public Health, Public Health Nutrition, Vienna, Austria; University of Vienna, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
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Xu J, Shi Y, He G, Guo Y, Ruan Y, Hu J, Zhu Q, Chen Z, Liang S, Zheng Y, Huang Z, Yu S, Zhu R, Dong X, Wu F, Ma W, Liu T. Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Formaldehyde on Hypertension and Angina Pectoris Symptoms: Evidence From the WHO SAGE Cohort Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e035341. [PMID: 39291508 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.124.035341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate the associations of long-term exposure to ambient formaldehyde with hypertension and angina pectoris symptoms in Chinese adults. METHODS AND RESULTS Participants' information was obtained from the WHO SAGE (World Health Organization Study on Global Aging and Adult Health) study. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was applied to estimate the associations of formaldehyde with hypertension and angina pectoris symptoms. Mediating effect analysis was used to investigate the mediating effect of hypertension between formaldehyde exposure and angina pectoris symptoms. Long-term exposure to formaldehyde was positively associated with the risk of angina pectoris symptoms (hazard ratio [HR], 1.66 [95% CI, 1.29-2.13], per interquartile range [IQR], 3.33, 1015 molecules/cm2) and hypertension (HR, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.02-1.34], per IQR, 3.34, 1015 molecules/cm2). The associations between formaldehyde and angina pectoris symptoms were greater in participants aged ≥65 years (HR, 1.90 [95% CI, 1.29-2.80]) and in rural areas (HR, 2.71 [95% CI, 1.54-4.77]), whereas the associations of formaldehyde with hypertension were stronger in men (HR, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.02-1.58]), rural areas (HR, 1.22 [95% CI, 0.94-1.59]), and in ever smokers (HR, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.02-1.72]). The mediation effect analysis indicated that 18.44% (95% CI, 2.17-37.65) of the association between formaldehyde exposure and angina pectoris symptoms was mediated by hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to ambient formaldehyde was positively associated with hypertension and angina pectoris symptoms. The effects of formaldehyde may be modified by age, sex, urbanicity, and smoking status. Hypertension might play a mediating effect in formaldehyde-induced angina pectoris symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Xu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou China
- China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Yan Shi
- Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention Shanghai China
| | - Guanhao He
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou China
- China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Yanfei Guo
- Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention Shanghai China
| | - Ye Ruan
- Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention Shanghai China
| | - Jianxiong Hu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou China
- China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Qijiong Zhu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou China
- China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Zhiqing Chen
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou China
- China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Shuru Liang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou China
- China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Yuan Zheng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou China
- China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Zhongguo Huang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou China
- China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Siwen Yu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou China
- China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Ruotong Zhu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaomei Dong
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health Fudan University Shanghai China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou China
- China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control(Jinan University) Ministry of Education Guangzhou China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou China
- China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control(Jinan University) Ministry of Education Guangzhou China
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Yang C, Jia J, Yu Y, Lu H, Zhang L. Temporal trends in prevalence of liver cancer and etiology-specific liver cancer from 1990 to 2019. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2024; 48:102451. [PMID: 39174005 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2024.102451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cancer (LC) remains a major cause of cancer death worldwide. Grasping prevalence trends is key to informing strategies for control and prevention. We analyzed the global, regional and national trends in LC prevalence and its major causes from 1990 to 2019. METHODS We obtained LC age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019 and assessed trends using Joinpoint regression. LC cases were categorized into those due to hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), alcohol use, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and other causes. RESULTS While the ASPR of LC has shown a global decrease, there are specific regions where an increase in ASPR has been observed, with the highest rates in America. HBV remained the leading cause of LC (41.45 %) but significant increases occurred for HCV, alcohol use and NASH. Prevalence correlated with socioeconomic development. High-income countries had higher LC rates from HCV and alcohol but lower HBV-related LC. In high-income nations, LC prevalence climbs; the converse holds in middle- and low-income countries. CONCLUSIONS Despite a global ASPR decrease, LC due to HCV, NASH, and alcohol is rising. Prevention strategies must prioritize HBV vaccination, HCV treatment, and alcohol regulation. IMPACT The study informs targeted LC control policies and emphasizes the importance of continued monitoring and regional cooperation to combat LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Yang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China.
| | - Jia Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Thoracic and Comprehensive Cancers Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital of University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Hao Lu
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China.
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Wang C, Tong Y, Tang T, Wang X, Fang L, Wen X, Su P, Wang J, Wang G. Association between adolescent depression and adult suicidal behavior: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 100:104185. [PMID: 39106588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
This meta-analysis aims to estimate the association between adolescent depression and adult suicidal behavior, while systematically evaluating gender differences reported in literature. A random-effects model was used to determine the pooled association, reporting odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Nine articles comprising over 6084 adolescents together showed that people with a history of depression in adolescence are more likely to gain suicidal behaviors during adulthood (OR = 3.97, 95 % Cl: 2.79, 5.63). Sex-specific analysis indicated that males who experienced depression in adolescence developed a higher incidence of suicidal behavior in adulthood compared to females with a similar history (Males: OR = 3.61, 95 % Cl: 1.02, 12.78; Females: OR = 3.56, 95 % Cl: 1.71, 7.43). Furthermore, suicide attempts emerged as the predominant outcome among various suicidal behaviors (OR = 3.43, 95 % Cl: 1.75, 6.71). This meta-analysis provides robust evidence that depression in adolescence significantly increases the risk of suicidal behavior in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Yingying Tong
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Ting Tang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Lulu Fang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xue Wen
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Puyu Su
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
| | - Gengfu Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
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140
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Tian J, Kong Q, Yu H, Liu P, Shen L, Luo Y. Comparative Efficacy of Acute Exercise Intervention on Anxiety in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Network Meta-Analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14735. [PMID: 39317982 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Acute exercise is a promising non-pharmacological therapy for alleviating anxiety. However, the effects of different types of acute exercise on anxiety in adolescents and young adults remain unclear. Therefore, our study aims to conduct a network meta-analysis to compare the effectiveness of various exercise interventions in improving anxiety in adolescents and young adults. We conducted an online literature search in five databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and PsycINFO. The search was conducted from inception to March 1, 2023, and was limited to English-language publications. Pairwise and network meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework was applied to rate the certainty of evidence. A total of 33 studies involving 1121 participants were included. The network meta-analysis results revealed that mind-body exercise was the most effective intervention for reducing anxiety in adolescents and young adults (SMD = -0.36, 95% CI: -0.70, -0.03, moderate certainty). Additionally, aerobic exercise (SMD = -0.16, 95% CI: -0.28, -0.03, high certainty) showed significant reduction in anxiety, while resistance exercise (SMD = -0.09, 95% CI: -0.33, 0.14, moderate certainty) and multicomponent exercise (SMD = -0.01, 95% CI: -0.59, 0.57, moderate certainty) did not show significant reduction in anxiety. Moderate certainty evidence suggests that acute mind-body exercise may be the most effective type of exercise for reducing anxiety in adolescents and young adults. Future research should focus on conducting more multi-arm randomized controlled trials to provide more direct evidence on the relative effectiveness of different exercise interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Tian
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingtao Kong
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Yu
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peifeng Liu
- Department of Physical Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liqun Shen
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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141
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Cho SMJ, Rivera R, Koyama S, Kim MS, Ganesh S, Bhattacharya R, Paruchuri K, Masson P, Honigberg MC, Allen NB, Hornsby W, Natarajan P. Improving Cardiovascular Disease Primary Prevention Treatment Thresholds in a New England Health Care System. JACC. ADVANCES 2024; 3:101257. [PMID: 39290815 PMCID: PMC11406032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2024.101257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Background Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk estimation based on the pooled cohort equation (PCE) overestimates in population-based cohorts. Whether it performs equally across disaggregated demographics in health care populations is less known. Objectives The purpose of the study was to recalibrate PCE and rederive prevention thresholds in a contemporary health care system and evaluate its performance across sociodemographics. Methods We retrospectively inspected electronic health records between 2010 to 2012 and 2020 to 2022 within Mass General Brigham health care in New England region. We compared performance of the original vs recalibrated PCE measured by calibration, discrimination, reclassification rate, and net benefit among 160,926 patients aged 40 to 79 years and without prior ASCVD or lipid-lowering medication. Results Of the 160,926 patients (mean age: 54.6 ± 8.6 years; 61.4% female), 20,373 (12.7%) developed ASCVD over 10 years. The original PCE globally underestimated ASCVD risk (observed vs predicted incidence rate: 0.13 vs 0.05). Recalibration upclassified risk primarily among individuals with low-to-borderline risk by the original PCE and additionally identified 40% of patients who had undergone ASCVD events yet deemed statin-ineligible based on the original PCE. Treatment thresholds yielding the greatest net benefit were ≥24.0% for women (+23.3%) vs ≥26.0% for men (+18.7%), whereas ≥26.0% for White or other race (+24.7%) vs ≥14.0% Black or African American (+12.5%), respectively. Specifically, Hispanic or Latino and non-Hispanic Black patients conferred the greatest sensitivity improvement at ≥12.3% threshold compared to higher ≥23.6% among non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islanders. Generally, lower thresholds earlier in life were optimal. Conclusions Recalibration and personalized treatment thresholds derived within a health system may improve prevention treatment allocation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Mi Jemma Cho
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Integrative Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rachel Rivera
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Satoshi Koyama
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Min Seo Kim
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shriienidhie Ganesh
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Romit Bhattacharya
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kaavya Paruchuri
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patricia Masson
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael C Honigberg
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Norrina B Allen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Whitney Hornsby
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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142
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Danpanichkul P, Aboona MB, Sukphutanan B, Kongarin S, Duangsonk K, Ng CH, Muthiah MD, Huang DQ, Seko Y, Díaz LA, Arab JP, Yang JD, Chen VL, Kim D, Noureddin M, Liangpunsakul S, Wijarnpreecha K. Incidence of liver cancer in young adults according to the Global Burden of Disease database 2019. Hepatology 2024; 80:828-843. [PMID: 38598364 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The worldwide burden of cancer is increasing in younger populations. However, the epidemiology of primary liver cancer remains understudied in young adults compared to other cancer forms. APPROACH AND RESULTS This study analyzed data from the Global Burden of Disease study between 2010 and 2019 to assess the age-standardized incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years associated with primary liver cancer in the young (15-49 y), stratified by region, nation, sociodemographic index, and sex. The study found a global estimate of 78,299 primary liver cancer cases, 60,602 deaths, and 2.90 million disability-adjusted life years in the young population. The Western Pacific region exhibited the highest burden in 2019, showing the most significant increase compared to other regions between 2010 and 2019. More than half of the countries worldwide have undergone an increase in primary liver cancer incidence rates in young adults. Around 12.51% of deaths due to primary liver cancer occur in young individuals. Throughout the study period, there was a significant decline in primary liver cancer mortality due to most etiologies, except for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease-attributable primary liver cancer (annual percentage change + 0.87%, 95% CI: 0.70%-1.05%) and alcohol-attributable primary liver cancer (annual percentage change + 0.21%, 95% CI: 0.01%-0.42%). The limitations of the Global Burden of Disease database include reliance on the quality of primary data and possible underestimation of alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS Over the past decade, there has been a marked increase in the burden of primary liver cancer, especially that originating from steatotic liver disease. This trend calls for the development of urgent and comprehensive strategies to mitigate this rising burden globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pojsakorn Danpanichkul
- Immunology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Majd B Aboona
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | - Kwanjit Duangsonk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Cheng Han Ng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Health System, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Mark D Muthiah
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel Q Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Health System, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- MASLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yuya Seko
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyou-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Luis Antonio Díaz
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Observatorio Multicéntrico de Enfermedades Gastrointestinales, OMEGA, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Arab
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University & London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ju Dong Yang
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Comprehensive Transplant Center, and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Vincent L Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Donghee Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Mazen Noureddin
- Houston Research Institute and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Karn Wijarnpreecha
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Banner University Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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143
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Kario K, Kanegae H, Okawara Y, Tomitani N, Hoshide S. Home Blood Pressure Variability Risk Prediction Score for Cardiovascular Disease Using Data From the J-HOP Study. Hypertension 2024; 81:2173-2180. [PMID: 39136129 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.124.23397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Home blood pressure (BP) is more closely associated with cardiovascular event risk than office BP, but cardiovascular risk prediction based on home BP variability is lacking. This study developed a simple cardiovascular event prediction score, including home BP variability data, from the J-HOP study (Japan Morning Surge-Home Blood Pressure). METHODS The J-HOP study extended follow-up from December 2017 to May 2018 generated the study data set (4231 patients). Cardiovascular events included fatal/nonfatal stroke (n=94), coronary heart disease (n=124), heart failure (n=42), and aortic dissection (n=8). Cox proportional hazards models were used to predict overall cardiovascular risk. Potential covariates included age, sex, body mass index, smoking, history of diabetes, statin use, history of cardiovascular disease, total cholesterol:high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, office systolic BP (SBP), mean of morning-evening average (MEave), home SBP, and average real variability of MEave home SBP. A risk score and models were constructed, and model performance was assessed. RESULTS Model performance was best when average real variability of MEave SBP was included (C statistic, 0.760). The risk score assigns points for age (5-year bands), sex, cardiovascular disease history, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mean MEave home SBP, and average real variability of MEave home SBP. Estimated 10-year cardiovascular risk ranged from ≤0.6% (score ≤0) to >32% (score ≥26). Calibration 2 statistics values for the model (2.66) and risk score (5.29) indicated excellent goodness of fit. CONCLUSIONS This simple cardiovascular disease prediction algorithm, including day-by-day home BP variability, could be used as part of a home BP-centered approach to hypertension management in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuomi Kario
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan (K.K., H.K., Y.O., N.T., S.H.)
| | - Hiroshi Kanegae
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan (K.K., H.K., Y.O., N.T., S.H.)
- Genki Plaza Medical Center for Health Care, Tokyo, Japan (H.K.)
| | - Yukie Okawara
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan (K.K., H.K., Y.O., N.T., S.H.)
| | - Naoko Tomitani
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan (K.K., H.K., Y.O., N.T., S.H.)
| | - Satoshi Hoshide
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan (K.K., H.K., Y.O., N.T., S.H.)
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144
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Weijs RWJ, de Roos BM, Thijssen DHJ, Claassen JAHR. Intensive antihypertensive treatment does not lower cerebral blood flow or cause orthostatic hypotension in frail older adults. GeroScience 2024; 46:4635-4646. [PMID: 38724874 PMCID: PMC11335707 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effects of intensive antihypertensive treatment (AHT), i.e., systolic blood pressure target ≤ 140 mmHg, on cerebral blood flow, cerebral autoregulation, and orthostatic hypotension, in a representative population of frail older adults. Fourteen frail hypertensive patients (six females; age 80.3 ± 5.2 years; Clinical Frailty Scale 4-7; unattended SBP ≥ 150 mmHg) underwent measurements before and after a median 7-week AHT targeting SBP ≤ 140 mmHg. Transcranial Doppler measurements of middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv), reflecting changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF), were combined with finger plethysmography recordings of continuous BP. Transfer function analysis assessed cerebral autoregulation (CA). ANCOVA analysed AHT-induced changes in CBF and CA and evaluated non-inferiority of the relative change in CBF (margin: -10%; covariates: pre-AHT values and AHT-induced relative mean BP change). McNemar-tests analysed whether the prevalence of OH and initial OH, assessed by sit/supine-to-stand challenges, increased with AHT. Unattended mean arterial pressure decreased by 15 mmHg following AHT. Ten (71%) participants had good quality TCD assessments. Non-inferiority was confirmed for the relative change in MCAv (95%CI: -2.7, 30.4). CA remained normal following AHT (P > 0.05), and the prevalence of OH and initial OH did not increase (P ≥ 0.655). We found that AHT in frail, older patients does not reduce CBF, impair autoregulation, or increase (initial) OH prevalence. These observations may open doors for more intensive AHT targets upon individualized evaluation and monitoring of hypertensive frail patients.Clinical Trial Registration: This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05529147; September 1, 2022) and EudraCT (2022-001283-10; June 28, 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf W J Weijs
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Geriatric Medicine (696), Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bente M de Roos
- Department of Geriatric Medicine (696), Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dick H J Thijssen
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jurgen A H R Claassen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine (696), Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
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145
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Quek S, Hadermann A, Wu Y, De Coninck L, Hegde S, Boucher JR, Cresswell J, Foreman E, Steven A, LaCourse EJ, Ward SA, Wanji S, Hughes GL, Patterson EI, Wagstaff SC, Turner JD, Parry RH, Kohl A, Heinz E, Otabil KB, Matthijnssens J, Colebunders R, Taylor MJ. Diverse RNA viruses of parasitic nematodes can elicit antibody responses in vertebrate hosts. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:2488-2505. [PMID: 39232205 PMCID: PMC11445058 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01796-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Parasitic nematodes have an intimate, chronic and lifelong exposure to vertebrate tissues. Here we mined 41 published parasitic nematode transcriptomes from vertebrate hosts and identified 91 RNA viruses across 13 virus orders from 24 families in ~70% (28 out of 41) of parasitic nematode species, which include only 5 previously reported viruses. We observe widespread distribution of virus-nematode associations across multiple continents, suggesting an ancestral acquisition event and host-virus co-evolution. Characterization of viruses of Brugia malayi (BMRV1) and Onchocerca volvulus (OVRV1) shows that these viruses are abundant in reproductive tissues of adult parasites. Importantly, the presence of BMRV1 RNA in B. malayi parasites mounts an RNA interference response against BMRV1 suggesting active viral replication. Finally, BMRV1 and OVRV1 were found to elicit antibody responses in serum samples from infected jirds and infected or exposed humans, indicating direct exposure to the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Quek
- Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Amber Hadermann
- Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Yang Wu
- Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lander De Coninck
- Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shrilakshmi Hegde
- Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jordan R Boucher
- Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jessica Cresswell
- Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ella Foreman
- Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew Steven
- Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - E James LaCourse
- Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Stephen A Ward
- Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Samuel Wanji
- Parasite and Vector Biology Research Unit, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Research Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, Cameroon
| | - Grant L Hughes
- Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Departments of Tropical Disease Biology and Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Edward I Patterson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon C Wagstaff
- Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Joseph D Turner
- Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rhys H Parry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alain Kohl
- Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Departments of Tropical Disease Biology and Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Eva Heinz
- Departments of Vector Biology and Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kenneth Bentum Otabil
- Consortium for Neglected Tropical Diseases and One Health, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Jelle Matthijnssens
- Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Mark J Taylor
- Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
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Dickreuter JL, Schmoor C, Jähne A, Bengel J, Pschichholz B, Lorz C, Schulz C, Vozelj J, Leifert JA. Effectiveness of residential versus outpatient therapy for smoking cessation: The START randomized clinical trial. Addiction 2024; 119:1762-1773. [PMID: 38982899 DOI: 10.1111/add.16594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Tobacco smoking represents a major cause for preventable death and morbidity. Results from non-randomized studies suggest that smoking cessation therapy in a residential setting might be a new viable way to facilitate smoking abstinence. We aimed to test the effects of residential multicomponent group therapy for smoking cessation compared with outpatient group therapy. DESIGN Prospective parallel-group open-label randomized superiority trial, with assessments at baseline, 6 and 12 months. SETTING Recruitment throughout Germany via media advertisements. PARTICIPANTS Adult smokers (≥10 cigarettes/day) randomly assigned to residential (n = 157) or outpatient (n = 158) therapy. 51.8% female; mean age 53.2 years; mean years of smoking 34.4. INTERVENTION AND COMPARATOR Residential 9-day smoking cessation group therapy comprising six daily therapy sessions and supportive interventions for cessation and daily structure embedded in the routines of a somatic rehabilitation center, compared with weekly outpatient smoking cessation group therapy (3-7 weeks) provided in routine care courses close to the participants' places of residence, both including at least 9 h of behavioral therapy. MEASUREMENTS Co-primary outcomes were self-reported continuous 6- and 12-month abstinence (hierarchically ordered). Primary analyses were conducted in the therapy-uptake population including participants who started therapy with sensitivity analyses in the intention-to-treat population of all randomized participants. FINDINGS Intervention uptake rates were 87.3% (n = 137) in the residential and 60.1% (n = 95) in the outpatient group. In the therapy-uptake population, abstinence rates were 46.7% in the residential versus 26.3% in the outpatient group at 6 months (odds ratio [OR] = 2.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.39-4.33, P = 0.0019) and 39.4% versus 24.2% at 12 months (OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.14-3.64, P = 0.017). Biochemically validated abstinence rates at 12 months were 33.1% in the residential versus 17.4% in the outpatient group (OR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.22-4.51, P = 0.011). In the intention-to-treat population, self-reported and biochemically validated abstinence rates at 12 months were 34.4% in the residential versus 14.6% in the outpatient group (OR = 3.08, 95% CI = 1.77-5.34, P < 0.0001) and 28.6% versus 10.3% (OR = 3.48, 95% CI = 1.85-6.52, P = 0.0001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Residential therapy exclusively for smoking cessation is feasible and effective and could be a beneficial new treatment for smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Levin Dickreuter
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCCF), Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Claudia Schmoor
- Clinical Trials Unit, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | | | - Jürgen Bengel
- Department of Rehabilitation Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Barbara Pschichholz
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCCF), Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Christina Lorz
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCCF), Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Christina Schulz
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCCF), Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Jana Vozelj
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCCF), Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Jens Albert Leifert
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCCF), Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Breisgau-Klinik, Bad Krozingen, Germany
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147
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Mensah GA. Is a Low-Dose Triple-Drug Combination Pill Protocol the Answer for Hypertension Control in Sub-Saharan Africa? JAMA 2024; 332:1057-1058. [PMID: 39215617 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2024.18166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- George A Mensah
- Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Danandeh K, Rasoulian P, Seyedmirzaei H, Mahmoudvand B, Avand Amini B, Samadian F, Ranjbar Pazuki G, Memari AH, Nakhostin-Ansari A. Burden of alcohol use disorder and its consequences in Iran from 1990 to 2019: Findings from the global burden of disease study. Prev Med Rep 2024; 46:102872. [PMID: 39253724 PMCID: PMC11382207 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to provide an up-to-date evaluation of the burden of alcohol use disorder and its consequences in Iran from 1990 to 2019. Methods We assessed the burden of alcohol use disorder and its three subsequent disorders, including cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases, liver cancer, and cardiomyopathy using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data. We retrieved data on incidence, prevalence, death, Years of Life Lost from mortality (YLL), Years of healthy life Lost due to Disability (YLD), and Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY), which is calculated by summing YLL and YLD values, indices, as well as sociodemographic index (SDI) values. Results Age-standardized DALY rate of alcohol use disorder reduced from 55.5 in 1990 to 41.8 per 100,000 in 2019 (-24.1 %). Similarly, age-standardized DALY rates of cirrhosis due to alcohol use (-28.7 %), liver cancer due to alcohol use (-20.9 %), and alcoholic cardiomyopathy (-36.3 %) decreased in Iran from 1990 to 2019. In 2019, alcohol use disorder had the highest DALY rate among individuals younger than 55 years, while cirrhosis due to alcohol use imposed the greatest burden on those older than 55. After adjusting for the year, SDI was negatively associated with the age-standardized DALY rate of liver cancer due to alcohol use (p < 0.001), positively associated with that of alcoholic cardiomyopathy (p = 0.002), and not significantly associated with the burden of other conditions (p > 0.05). Conclusions Despite reductions in the age-standardized DALY rate of alcohol use disorders and related consequences among Iranians, they remain a serious public health concern in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khashayar Danandeh
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Rasoulian
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Seyedmirzaei
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Mahmoudvand
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Samadian
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amir Hossein Memari
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Nakhostin-Ansari
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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149
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Elafros MA, Reynolds EL, Callaghan BC. Obesity-related neuropathy: the new epidemic. Curr Opin Neurol 2024; 37:467-477. [PMID: 38864534 PMCID: PMC11371529 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000001292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To examine the evidence evaluating the association between obesity and neuropathy as well as potential interventions. RECENT FINDINGS Although diabetes has long been associated with neuropathy, additional metabolic syndrome components, including obesity, are increasingly linked to neuropathy development, regardless of glycemic status. Preclinical rodent models as well as clinical studies are shedding light on the mechanisms of obesity-related neuropathy as well as challenges associated with slowing progression. Dietary and surgical weight loss and exercise interventions are promising, but more data is needed. SUMMARY High-fat-diet rodent models have shown that obesity-related neuropathy is a product of excess glucose and lipid accumulation leading to inflammation and cell death. Clinical studies consistently demonstrate obesity is independently associated with neuropathy; therefore, likely a causal risk factor. Dietary weight loss improves neuropathy symptoms but not examination scores. Bariatric surgery and exercise are promising interventions, but larger, more rigorous studies are needed. Further research is also needed to determine the utility of weight loss medications and ideal timing for obesity interventions to prevent neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evan Lee Reynolds
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Beckmann A, Strassner C, Kwanbunjan K. Thailand - how far are we from achieving a healthy and sustainable diet? A longitudinal ecological study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. SOUTHEAST ASIA 2024; 29:100478. [PMID: 39315384 PMCID: PMC11418144 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2024.100478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Background Newly industrialized countries like Thailand have been influenced by globalization, westernization, and urbanization over the last decades, leading to changes in dietary habits as well as food production. Consequences of these changes include rising non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and environmental degradation, which are defined as the leading global challenges today. The objectives of this study are to identify Thailand's dietary changes, considering health and sustainability aspects, and to determine correlations between these changes and NCD cases as well as environmental impacts (GHG emissions, land-, nitrogen-, phosphorus-use). In this way, diet-related adjustments can be identified to promote planetary and human health. Methods In this longitudinal ecological study, relative differences between the average food consumption in Thailand and the reference values of a healthy and sustainable diet, the Planetary Health Diet (PHD), were calculated. Furthermore, a bivariate correlation analysis was conducted, using data, based on Food and Agriculture Organization's (FAO's) data, results from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD), and PHD's reference values. Findings The consumption quantities of meat, eggs, saturated oils, and sugar increased significantly since 1961. The food groups, that have exceeded PHD's upper reference values, include sugar (+452%), red meat (+220%), grains (+143%), saturated oils (+20%) and eggs (+19%), while vegetables (-63%), and unsaturated oils (-61%) have fallen below PHD's lower limits. Concerning the bivariate correlation analyses, all investigated variables show significant correlations. The most significant correlations were found in NCD cases (r = 0.903, 95% CI 0.804-0.953), nitrogen use (r = 0.872, 95% CI 0.794-0.922), and land use (r = 0.870, 95% CI 0.791-0.921), followed by phosphorus use (r = 0.832, 95% CI 0.733-0.897), and green-house gas (GHG) emissions (r = 0.479, 95% CI 0.15-0.712). Interpretation The results show, that the determined differences of unhealthy or unsustainable food groups have increased concurrently with NCD cases and environmental impacts over the last decades in Thailand. A shift towards a reduced intake of sugar, red meat, grains, saturated oils and eggs along with an increase in vegetables and unsaturated oils, might support environmental and human health. Funding None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Beckmann
- Department of Food Nutrition Facilities, FH Münster University of Applied Sciences, Corrensstraße 25, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Carola Strassner
- Department of Food Nutrition Facilities, FH Münster University of Applied Sciences, Corrensstraße 25, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Karunee Kwanbunjan
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 10400, Bangkok, Thailand
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