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Spatio-Temporal Alterations in Synaptic Density During Epileptogenesis in the Rat Brain. Neuroscience 2022; 499:142-151. [PMID: 35878719 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) is a transmembrane protein that binds levetiracetam and is involved in neurotransmission via an unknown mechanism. SV2A-immunoreactivity is reduced in animal models of epilepsy, and in postmortem hippocampi from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. It is not known if other regions outside the hippocampus are affected in epilepsy, and whether SV2A is expression permanently reduced or regulated over time. In this study, we induced a generalized status epilepticus (SE) by systemic administration of lithium-pilocarpine to adult female rats. The brains from all animals experiencing SE were collected at different time points after the treatment. The radiotracer, [11C]-UCB-J, binds to SV2A with high affinity, and has been used for in vivo imaging as an a-proxy marker for synaptic density. Here we determined the level of tritiated UCB-J binding by semiquantitative autoradiography in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, and hypothalamus, and in subregions of these. A prominent and highly significant reduction in SV2A binding capacity was observed over the first days after SE in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus, but not in the thalamus and hypothalamus. The magnitude in reduction was larger and occurred earlier in the hippocampus and the piriform cortex, than in other cortical subregions. Interestingly, in all areas examined, the binding capacity returned to control levels 12 weeks after the SE comparable to the chronic phase. These data show that lithium-pilocarpine-induced epileptogenesis involves both loss and gain of synapses in the in a time-dependent manner.
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Faldu KG, Shah JS. Alzheimer's disease: a scoping review of biomarker research and development for effective disease diagnosis. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2022; 22:681-703. [PMID: 35855631 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2022.2104639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is regarded as the foremost reason for neurodegeneration that prominently affects the geriatric population. Characterized by extracellular accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ), intracellular aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau), and neuronal degeneration that causes impairment of memory and cognition. Amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration (ATN) classification is utilized for research purposes and involves amyloid, tau, and neuronal injury staging through MRI, PET scanning, and CSF protein concentration estimations. CSF sampling is invasive, and MRI and PET scanning requires sophisticated radiological facilities which limit its widespread diagnostic use. ATN classification lacks effectiveness in preclinical AD. AREAS COVERED This publication intends to collate and review the existing biomarker profile and the current research and development of a new arsenal of biomarkers for AD pathology from different biological samples, microRNA (miRNA), proteomics, metabolomics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning for AD screening, diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of AD treatments. EXPERT OPINION It is an accepted observation that AD-related pathological changes occur over a long period of time before the first symptoms are observed providing ample opportunity for detection of biological alterations in various biological samples that can aid in early diagnosis and modify treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Govind Faldu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Jigna Samir Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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103
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Healthy brain aging assessed with [ 18F]FDG and [ 11C]UCB-J PET. Nucl Med Biol 2022; 112-113:52-58. [PMID: 35820300 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The average human lifespan has increased dramatically over the past century. However, molecular and physiological alterations of the healthy brain during aging remain incompletely understood. Generalized synaptic restructuring may contribute to healthy aging and the reduced metabolism observed in the aged brain. The aim of this study was to assess healthy brain aging using [18F]FDG as a measure of cerebral glucose consumption and [11C]UCB-J PET as an indicator of synaptic density. METHOD Using in vivo PET imaging and the novel synaptic-vesicle-glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) radioligand [11C]UCB-J alongside with the fluorodeoxyglucose radioligand [18F]FDG, we obtained SUVR-1 values for 14 pre-defined volume-of-interest brain regions defined on MRI T1 scans. Regional differences in relative [18F]FDG and [11C]UCB-J uptake were investigated using a voxel-wise approach. Finally, correlations between [11C]UCB-J, [18F]FDG PET, and age were examined. RESULTS We found widespread cortical reduction of synaptic density in a cohort of older HC subjects (N = 15) compared with young HC subjects (N = 11). However, no reduction persisted after partial volume correction and corrections for multiple comparison. Our study confirms previously reported synaptic stability during aging. Regional differences in relative [18F]FDG and [11C]UCB-J uptake were observed with up to 20 % higher [11C]UCB-J uptake in the amygdala and temporal lobe and up to 34 % higher glucose metabolism in thalamus, striatum, occipital, parietal and frontal cortex. CONCLUSION In vivo PET using [11C]UCB-J does not support declining synaptic density levels during aging. Thus, loss of synaptic density may be unrelated to aging and does not seem to be a sufficient explanation for the recognized reduction in brain metabolism during aging. Our study also demonstrates that the relationship between glucose consumption and synaptic density is not uniform throughout the human brain with implications for our understanding of neuroenergetics.
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Behl T, Kaur I, Sehgal A, Singh S, Albarrati A, Albratty M, Najmi A, Meraya AM, Bungau S. The road to precision medicine: Eliminating the "One Size Fits All" approach in Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113337. [PMID: 35780617 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The expeditious advancement of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a threat to the global healthcare system, that is further supplemented by therapeutic failure. The prevalence of this disorder has been expected to quadrupole by 2050, thereby exerting a tremendous economic pressure on medical sector, worldwide. Thus, there is a dire need of a change in conventional approaches and adopt a novel methodology of disease prevention, treatment and diagnosis. Precision medicine offers a personalized approach to disease management, It is dependent upon genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors associated with the individual, aiding to develop tailored therapeutics. Precision Medicine Initiatives are launched, worldwide, to facilitate the integration of personalized models and clinical medicine. The review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the neuroinflammatory processes causing AD, giving a brief overview of the disease interventions. This is further followed by the role of precision medicine in AD, constituting the genetic perspectives, operation of personalized form of medicine and optimization of clinical trials with the 3 R's, showcasing an in-depth understanding of this novel approach in varying aspects of the healthcare industry, to provide an opportunity to the global AD researchers to elucidate suitable therapeutic regimens in clinically and pathologically complex diseases, like AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Ali Albarrati
- Rehabilitation Health Sciences College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim M Meraya
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania; Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania.
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Casula EP, Pellicciari MC, Bonnì S, Borghi I, Maiella M, Assogna M, Minei M, Motta C, D'Acunto A, Porrazzini F, Pezzopane V, Mencarelli L, Roncaioli A, Rocchi L, Spampinato DA, Caltagirone C, Santarnecchi E, Martorana A, Koch G. Decreased frontal gamma activity in Alzheimer's disease patients. Ann Neurol 2022; 92:464-475. [PMID: 35713198 PMCID: PMC9543336 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Objective In Alzheimer disease (AD) animal models, synaptic dysfunction has recently been linked to a disorder of high‐frequency neuronal activity. In patients, a clear relation between AD and oscillatory activity remains elusive. Here, we attempt to shed light on this relation by using a novel approach combining transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS‐EEG) to probe oscillatory activity in specific hubs of the frontoparietal network in a sample of 60 mild‐to‐moderate AD patients. Methods Sixty mild‐to‐moderate AD patients and 21 age‐matched healthy volunteers (HVs) underwent 3 TMS‐EEG sessions to assess cortical oscillations over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the precuneus, and the left posterior parietal cortex. To investigate the relations between oscillatory activity, cortical plasticity, and cognitive decline, AD patients underwent a TMS‐based neurophysiological characterization and a cognitive evaluation at baseline. The latter was repeated after 24 weeks to monitor clinical evolution. Results AD patients showed a significant reduction of frontal gamma activity as compared to age‐matched HVs. In addition, AD patients with a more prominent decrease of frontal gamma activity showed a stronger impairment of long‐term potentiation–like plasticity and a more pronounced cognitive decline at subsequent follow‐up evaluation at 24 weeks. Interpretation Our data provide novel evidence that frontal lobe gamma activity is dampened in AD patients. The current results point to the TMS‐EEG approach as a promising technique to measure individual frontal gamma activity in patients with AD. This index could represent a useful biomarker to predict disease progression and to evaluate response to novel pharmacological therapies. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:464–475
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias P Casula
- Experimental Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Behavioural and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via Ardeatina 354, 00179, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology, La Sapienza University, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria C Pellicciari
- Experimental Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Behavioural and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via Ardeatina 354, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Bonnì
- Experimental Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Behavioural and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via Ardeatina 354, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Borghi
- Experimental Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Behavioural and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via Ardeatina 354, 00179, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Maiella
- Experimental Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Behavioural and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via Ardeatina 354, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Assogna
- Experimental Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Behavioural and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via Ardeatina 354, 00179, Rome, Italy.,Memory Clinic, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Marilena Minei
- Experimental Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Behavioural and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via Ardeatina 354, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Motta
- Experimental Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Behavioural and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via Ardeatina 354, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia D'Acunto
- Experimental Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Behavioural and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via Ardeatina 354, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Porrazzini
- Experimental Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Behavioural and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via Ardeatina 354, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Pezzopane
- Experimental Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Behavioural and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via Ardeatina 354, 00179, Rome, Italy.,Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication (CTNSC), Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lucia Mencarelli
- Experimental Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Behavioural and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via Ardeatina 354, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Roncaioli
- Experimental Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Behavioural and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via Ardeatina 354, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Rocchi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Via Università 40, 09042, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Danny A Spampinato
- Experimental Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Behavioural and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via Ardeatina 354, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Experimental Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Behavioural and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via Ardeatina 354, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, 02114, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alessandro Martorana
- Memory Clinic, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Experimental Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Behavioural and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via Ardeatina 354, 00179, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
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Tang Y, Liu P, Li W, Liu Z, Zhou M, Li J, Yuan Y, Fang L, Wang M, Shen L, Huang Y, Tang B, Wang J, Hu S. Detection of changes in synaptic density in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients using 18 F-SynVesT-1 positron-emission tomography. Eur J Neurol 2022; 29:2934-2943. [PMID: 35708508 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synaptic loss is well established as the major correlate of characteristic and consistent pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We aimed to assess the possible discriminant diagnostic value of 18 F-SynVesT-1 positron-emission tomography (PET) as a marker of ALS pathology and investigate whether specific synaptic density signatures are present in ALS with different subtypes. METHODS Twenty-one patients with ALS and 25 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. All participants underwent 18 F-SynVesT-1-PET. Synaptic density between ALS and HCs and between different ALS subgroups were compared. Correlation between synaptic density and clinical features in ALS was also performed. RESULTS Low uptake distribution was found in the group comprising 21 ALS patients as compared with HCs in the right temporal lobe and the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate, and hippocampus-insula region. We also found a low uptake in the bilateral superior temporal gyrus, hippocampus-insula, anterior cingulate and left inferior frontal gyrus in ALS patients with cognitive impairment compared to HCs. Furthermore, compared to spinal-onset ALS, bulbar-onset ALS showed low uptake in the bilateral cingulate gyrus and high uptake in the bilateral superior temporal gyrus and left occipital lobe. No significant result was found in correlation analysis. CONCLUSION This approach may provide a direct measure of synaptic density, and it therefore might represent a potentially useful biomarker for ALS diagnosis, as well as for estimating the cognitive decline and site of onset in ALS. 18 F-SynVesT-1-PET is presently not justified as a routine investigation to detect evidence of brain dysfunction justifying progression in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Tang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Pan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Wanzhen Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Yanchun Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Liangjuan Fang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Mengli Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Lu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University
| | - Yiyun Huang
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University
| | - Junling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University.,Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Shuo Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Nanotechnology of National Health Commission, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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108
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Polsinelli AJ, Apostolova LG. Atypical Alzheimer Disease Variants. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2022; 28:676-701. [PMID: 35678398 PMCID: PMC10028410 DOI: 10.1212/con.0000000000001082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article discusses the clinical, neuroimaging, and biomarker profiles of sporadic atypical Alzheimer disease (AD) variants, including early-onset AD, posterior cortical atrophy, logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia, dysexecutive variant and behavioral variant AD, and corticobasal syndrome. RECENT FINDINGS Significant advances are being made in the recognition and characterization of the syndromically diverse AD variants. These variants are identified by the predominant cognitive and clinical features: early-onset amnestic syndrome, aphasia, visuospatial impairments, dysexecutive and behavioral disturbance, or motor symptoms. Although understanding of regional susceptibility to disease remains in its infancy, visualizing amyloid and tau pathology in vivo and CSF examination of amyloid-β and tau proteins are particularly useful in atypical AD, which can be otherwise prone to misdiagnosis. Large-scale research efforts, such as LEADS (the Longitudinal Early-Onset Alzheimer Disease Study), are currently ongoing and will continue to shed light on our understanding of these diverse presentations. SUMMARY Understanding the clinical, neuroimaging, and biomarker profiles of the heterogeneous group of atypical AD syndromes improves diagnostic accuracy in patients who are at increased risk of misdiagnosis. Earlier accurate identification facilitates access to important interventions, social services and disability assistance, and crucial patient and family education.
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109
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Spurrier J, Nicholson L, Fang XT, Stoner AJ, Toyonaga T, Holden D, Siegert TR, Laird W, Allnutt MA, Chiasseu M, Brody AH, Takahashi H, Nies SH, Pérez-Cañamás A, Sadasivam P, Lee S, Li S, Zhang L, Huang YH, Carson RE, Cai Z, Strittmatter SM. Reversal of synapse loss in Alzheimer mouse models by targeting mGluR5 to prevent synaptic tagging by C1Q. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabi8593. [PMID: 35648810 PMCID: PMC9554345 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abi8593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microglia-mediated synaptic loss contributes to the development of cognitive impairments in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the basis for this immune-mediated attack on synapses remains to be elucidated. Treatment with the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) silent allosteric modulator (SAM), BMS-984923, prevents β-amyloid oligomer-induced aberrant synaptic signaling while preserving physiological glutamate response. Here, we show that oral BMS-984923 effectively occupies brain mGluR5 sites visualized by [18F]FPEB positron emission tomography (PET) at doses shown to be safe in rodents and nonhuman primates. In aged mouse models of AD (APPswe/PS1ΔE9 overexpressing transgenic and AppNL-G-F/hMapt double knock-in), SAM treatment fully restored synaptic density as measured by [18F]SynVesT-1 PET for SV2A and by histology, and the therapeutic benefit persisted after drug washout. Phospho-TAU accumulation in double knock-in mice was also reduced by SAM treatment. Single-nuclei transcriptomics demonstrated that SAM treatment in both models normalized expression patterns to a far greater extent in neurons than glia. Last, treatment prevented synaptic localization of the complement component C1Q and synaptic engulfment in AD mice. Thus, selective modulation of mGluR5 reversed neuronal gene expression changes to protect synapses from damage by microglial mediators in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Spurrier
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - LaShae Nicholson
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Xiaotian T Fang
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Austin J Stoner
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Takuya Toyonaga
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Daniel Holden
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - William Laird
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Mary Alice Allnutt
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Marius Chiasseu
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - A Harrison Brody
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Sarah Helena Nies
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.,Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany
| | - Azucena Pérez-Cañamás
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Pragalath Sadasivam
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Supum Lee
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Songye Li
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Le Zhang
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yiyun H Huang
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Zhengxin Cai
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Stephen M Strittmatter
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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Carson RE, Naganawa M, Toyonaga T, Koohsari S, Yang Y, Chen MK, Matuskey D, Finnema SJ. Imaging of Synaptic Density in Neurodegenerative Disorders. J Nucl Med 2022; 63:60S-67S. [PMID: 35649655 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.263201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PET technology has produced many radiopharmaceuticals that target specific brain proteins and other measures of brain function. Recently, a new approach has emerged to image synaptic density by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A), an integral glycoprotein in the membrane of synaptic vesicles and widely distributed throughout the brain. Multiple SV2A ligands have been developed and translated to human use. The most successful of these to date is 11C-UCB-J, because of its high uptake, moderate metabolism, and effective quantification with a 1-tissue-compartment model. Further, since SV2A is the target of the antiepileptic drug levetiracetam, human blocking studies have characterized specific binding and potential reference regions. Regional brain SV2A levels were shown to correlate with those of synaptophysin, another commonly used marker of synaptic density, providing the basis for SV2A PET imaging to have broad utility across neuropathologic diseases. In this review, we highlight the development of SV2A tracers and the evaluation of quantification methods, including compartment modeling and simple tissue ratios. Mouse and rat models of neurodegenerative diseases have been studied with small-animal PET, providing validation by comparison to direct tissue measures. Next, we review human PET imaging results in multiple neurodegenerative disorders. Studies on Parkinson disease and Alzheimer disease have progressed most rapidly at multiple centers, with generally consistent results of patterns of SV2A or synaptic loss. In Alzheimer disease, the synaptic loss patterns differ from those of amyloid, tau, and 18F-FDG, although intertracer and interregional correlations have been found. Smaller studies have been reported in other disorders, including Lewy body dementia, frontotemporal dementia, Huntington disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, and corticobasal degeneration. In conclusion, PET imaging of SV2A has rapidly developed, and qualified radioligands are available. PET studies on humans indicate that SV2A loss might be specific to disease-associated brain regions and consistent with synaptic density loss. The recent availability of new 18F tracers, 18F-SynVesT-1 and 18F-SynVesT-2, will substantially broaden the application of SV2A PET. Future studies are needed in larger patient cohorts to establish the clinical value of SV2A PET and its potential for diagnosis and progression monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases, as well as efficacy assessment of disease-modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mika Naganawa
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Takuya Toyonaga
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sheida Koohsari
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yanghong Yang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ming-Kai Chen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - David Matuskey
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale Positron Emission Tomography Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Sjoerd J Finnema
- Neuroscience Discovery Research, Translational Imaging, AbbVie, North Chicago, Illinois
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Vrillon A, Mouton-Liger F, Martinet M, Cognat E, Hourregue C, Dumurgier J, Bouaziz-Amar E, Brinkmalm A, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Hugon J, Paquet C. Plasma neuregulin 1 as a synaptic biomarker in Alzheimer's disease: a discovery cohort study. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:71. [PMID: 35606871 PMCID: PMC9125890 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synaptic dysfunction is an early core feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), closely associated with cognitive symptoms. Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) is a growth and differentiation factor with a key role in the development and maintenance of synaptic transmission. Previous reports have shown that changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NRG1 concentration are associated with cognitive status and biomarker evidence of AD pathology. Plasma biomarkers reflecting synaptic impairment would be of great clinical interest. OBJECTIVE To measure plasma NRG1 concentration in AD patients in comparison with other neurodegenerative disorders and neurological controls (NC) and to study its association with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) core AD and synaptic biomarkers. METHODS This retrospective study enrolled 127 participants including patients with AD at mild cognitive impairment stage (AD-MCI, n = 27) and at dementia stage (n = 35), non-AD dementia (n = 26, Aβ-negative), non-AD MCI (n = 19), and neurological controls (n=20). Plasma and CSF NRG1, as well as CSF core AD biomarkers (Aβ 42/Aβ 40 ratio, phospho-tau, and total tau), were measured using ELISA. CSF synaptic markers were measured using ELISA for GAP-43 and neurogranin and through immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry for SNAP-25. RESULTS Plasma NRG1 concentration was higher in AD-MCI and AD dementia patients compared with neurological controls (respectively P = 0.005 and P < 0.001). Plasma NRG1 differentiated AD MCI patients from neurological controls with an area under the curve of 88.3%, and AD dementia patients from NC with an area under the curve of 87.3%. Plasma NRG1 correlated with CSF NRG1 (β = 0.372, P = 0.0056, adjusted on age and sex). Plasma NRG1 was associated with AD CSF core biomarkers in the whole cohort and in Aβ-positive patients (β = -0.197-0.423). Plasma NRG1 correlated with CSF GAP-43, neurogranin, and SNAP-25 (β = 0.278-0.355). Plasma NRG1 concentration correlated inversely with MMSE in the whole cohort and in Aβ-positive patients (all, β = -0.188, P = 0.038; Aβ+: β = -0.255, P = 0.038). CONCLUSION Plasma NRG1 concentration is increased in AD patients and correlates with CSF core AD and synaptic biomarkers and cognitive status. Thus, plasma NRG1 is a promising non-invasive biomarker to monitor synaptic impairment in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Vrillon
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1144, Paris, France.
- Université Paris Cité, Center of Cognitive Neurology, Lariboisière Fernand-Widal Hospital, APHP, 200 rue du Faubourg Saint-Denis, 75010, Paris, France.
| | | | - Matthieu Martinet
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1144, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Center of Cognitive Neurology, Lariboisière Fernand-Widal Hospital, APHP, 200 rue du Faubourg Saint-Denis, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Cognat
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1144, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Center of Cognitive Neurology, Lariboisière Fernand-Widal Hospital, APHP, 200 rue du Faubourg Saint-Denis, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Claire Hourregue
- Université Paris Cité, Center of Cognitive Neurology, Lariboisière Fernand-Widal Hospital, APHP, 200 rue du Faubourg Saint-Denis, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Julien Dumurgier
- Université Paris Cité, Center of Cognitive Neurology, Lariboisière Fernand-Widal Hospital, APHP, 200 rue du Faubourg Saint-Denis, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Bouaziz-Amar
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1144, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Department of Biochemistry, APHP GHU Nord Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, Paris, France
| | - Ann Brinkmalm
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Salhgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Salhgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Salhgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jacques Hugon
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1144, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Center of Cognitive Neurology, Lariboisière Fernand-Widal Hospital, APHP, 200 rue du Faubourg Saint-Denis, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Claire Paquet
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1144, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Center of Cognitive Neurology, Lariboisière Fernand-Widal Hospital, APHP, 200 rue du Faubourg Saint-Denis, 75010, Paris, France
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Mattsson P, Cselényi Z, Andrée B, Borg J, Nag S, Halldin C, Farde L. Decreased 5-HT 1A binding in mild Alzheimer's disease - a PET study. Synapse 2022; 76:e22235. [PMID: 35587913 PMCID: PMC9285435 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Decreased 5-HT1A receptor binding has been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and interpreted as a consequence of neuron loss. The purpose of the present study was to compare [11 C]WAY100635 binding to the 5-HT1A receptor in hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, amygdala and pericalcarine cortex in mild AD patients and elderly controls. METHODS AD patients (n = 7) and elderly control subjects (n = 8) were examined with positron emission tomography (PET) and [11 C]WAY100635. PET data acquisition was performed with an ECAT EXACT HR system. Wavelet-aided parametric images of non-displaceable binding potential (BPND ) were generated using Logan's graphical analysis with cerebellum as reference region. Correction for partial volume effects (PVE) was performed with the Müller-Gärtner method (MG). Regions of interest (ROIs) were applied to the individual parametric images and the regional BPND was calculated as the average parametric voxel value within each ROI. Besides comparison between subject groups, correlations between BPND values and scores on Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Disability Assessment for Dementia (DAD), and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) were expressed by Pearson correlation coefficients. RESULTS Mean regional BPND was lower in AD patients compared to control subjects and the difference was statistically significant for hippocampus, entorhinal cortex and amygdala. A statistically significant correlation was obtained between hippocampal BPND values and DAD scores. CONCLUSION The results of the present study corroborate and extend previous findings of decreased 5-HT1A binding in AD and strengthen the support for 5-HT1A receptor PET as a tool for assessment of neurodegenerative changes in mild AD. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Mattsson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zsolt Cselényi
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County, Stockholm, Sweden.,PET Science Centre, Personalized Medicine, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Andrée
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacqueline Borg
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sangram Nag
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County, Stockholm, Sweden
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Rossi R, Arjmand S, Bærentzen SL, Gjedde A, Landau AM. Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2A: Features and Functions. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:864514. [PMID: 35573314 PMCID: PMC9096842 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.864514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the field of neuroimaging dramatically moved forward by means of the expeditious development of specific radioligands of novel targets. Among these targets, the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) is a transmembrane protein of synaptic vesicles, present in all synaptic terminals, irrespective of neurotransmitter content. It is involved in key functions of neurons, focused on the regulation of neurotransmitter release. The ubiquitous expression in gray matter regions of the brain is the basis of its candidacy as a marker of synaptic density. Following the development of molecules derived from the structure of the anti-epileptic drug levetiracetam, which selectively binds to SV2A, several radiolabeled markers have been synthetized to allow the study of SV2A distribution with positron emission tomography (PET). These radioligands permit the evaluation of in vivo changes of SV2A distribution held to be a potential measure of synaptic density in physiological and pathological conditions. The use of SV2A as a biomarker of synaptic density raises important questions. Despite numerous studies over the last decades, the biological function and the expressional properties of SV2A remain poorly understood. Some functions of SV2A were claimed, but have not been fully elucidated. While the expression of SV2A is ubiquitous, stronger associations between SV2A and Υ amino butyric acid (GABA)-ergic rather than glutamatergic synapses were observed in some brain structures. A further issue is the unclear interaction between SV2A and its tracers, which reflects a need to clarify what really is detected with neuroimaging tools. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of the SV2A protein and we discuss uncertain aspects of SV2A biology and physiology. As SV2A expression is ubiquitous, but likely more strongly related to a certain type of neurotransmission in particular circumstances, a more extensive knowledge of the protein would greatly facilitate the analysis and interpretation of neuroimaging results by allowing the evaluation not only of an increase or decrease of the protein level, but also of the type of neurotransmission involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Rossi
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Shokouh Arjmand
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simone Larsen Bærentzen
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne M Landau
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Pazarlar BA, Aripaka SS, Petukhov V, Pinborg L, Khodosevich K, Mikkelsen JD. Expression profile of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A, B, and C paralogues in temporal neocortex tissue from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Mol Brain 2022; 15:45. [PMID: 35578248 PMCID: PMC9109314 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-022-00931-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractSynaptic vesicle glycoprotein-2 (SV2) is a family of proteins consisting of SV2A, SV2B, and SV2C. This protein family has attracted attention in recent years after SV2A was shown to be an epileptic drug target and a perhaps a biomarker of synaptic density. So far, the anatomical localization of these proteins in the rodent and human brain have been reported, but co-expression of SV2 genes on a cellular level, their expressions in the human brain, comparison to radioligand binding, any possible regulation in epilepsy are not known. We have here analyzed the expression of SV2 genes in neuronal subtypes in the temporal neocortex in selected specimens by using single nucleus-RNA sequencing, and performed quantitative PCR in populations of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients and healthy controls. [3H]-UCB-J autoradiography was performed to analyze the correlation between the mRNA transcript and binding capacity to SV2A. Our data showed that the SV2A transcript is expressed in all glutamatergic and GABAergic cortical subtypes, while SV2B expression is restricted to only the glutamatergic neurons and SV2C has very limited expression in a small subgroup of GABAergic interneurons. The level of [3H]-UCB-J binding and the concentration of SV2A mRNA is strongly correlated in each patient, and the expression is lower in the TLE patients. There is no relationship between SV2A expression and age, sex, seizure frequency, duration of epilepsy, or whether patients were recently treated with levetiracetam or not. Collectively, these findings point out a neuronal subtype-specific distribution of the expression of the three SV2 genes, and the lower levels of both radioligand binding and expression further emphasize the significance of these proteins in this disease.
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Rossano S, Toyonaga T, Bini J, Nabulsi N, Ropchan J, Cai Z, Huang Y, Carson RE. Feasibility of imaging synaptic density in the human spinal cord using [ 11C]UCB-J PET. EJNMMI Phys 2022; 9:32. [PMID: 35503134 PMCID: PMC9065222 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-022-00464-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Neuronal damage and synapse loss in the spinal cord (SC) have been implicated in spinal cord injury (SCI) and neurodegenerative disorders such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Current standards of diagnosis for SCI include CT or MRI imaging to evaluate injury severity. The current study explores the use of PET imaging with [11C]UCB-J, which targets the synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A), in the human spinal cord, as a way to visualize synaptic density and integrity in vivo. RESULTS First, simulations of baseline and blocking [11C]UCB-J HRRT scans were performed, based on SC dimensions and SV2A distribution to predict VT, VND, and VS values. Next, human baseline and blocking [11C]UCB-J HRRT images were used to estimate these values in the cervical SC (cSC). Simulation results had excellent agreement with observed values of VT, VND, and VS from the real human data, with baseline VT, VND, and VS of 3.07, 2.15, and 0.92 mL/cm3, respectively, with a BPND of 0.43. Lastly, we explored full SC imaging with whole-body images. Using automated SC regions of interest (ROIs) for the full SC, cSC, and thoracic SC (tSC), the distribution volume ratio (DVR) was estimated using the brain gray matter as a reference region to evaluate SC SV2A density relative to the brain. In full body imaging, DVR values of full SC, cSC, and tSC were 0.115, 0.145, and 0.112, respectively. Therefore, measured [11C]UCB-J uptake, and thus SV2A density, is much lower in the SC than in the brain. CONCLUSIONS The results presented here provide evidence for the feasibility of SV2A PET imaging in the human SC, however, specific binding of [11C]UCB-J is low. Ongoing and future work include further classification of SV2A distribution in the SC as well as exploring higher-affinity PET radioligands for SC imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Rossano
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Takuya Toyonaga
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Jason Bini
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Jim Ropchan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Zhengxin Cai
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208048, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Jiang Z, Cheng X, Chen H, Zheng W, Sun Y, Yu Z, Yang T, Zhang L, Fan D, Yang Z, Liu Y, Ai L, Wu Z. [ 18F]BIBD-181: A Novel Positron Emission Tomography Tracer Specific for Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2A. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:720-726. [PMID: 35450380 PMCID: PMC9014511 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction or decreased expression of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) is closely related to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. The development of positron emission tomography (PET) tracers targeting SV2A can provide a strong imaging basis for the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. Herein we report the synthesis of the novel radiotracer [18F]BIBD-181 and its preclinical evaluation. The absolute configuration of BIBD-181 was confirmed by the single-crystal structure of its precursor. The in vitro binding assay of BIBD-181 showed high SV2A binding affinity. Compared with previously reported tracers, [18F]BIBD-181 has mild labeling conditions, simple operation, and high yield. The in vivo metabolism of [18F]BIBD-181 is similar to that of UCB derivatives, and the metabolites do not interfere with brain PET imaging. Biodistribution and PET studies showed that [18F]BIBD-181 has high brain uptake and good pharmacokinetics. Autoradiography and PET inhibition studies indicated that [18F]BIBD-181 specifically binds SV2A. Because [18F]BIBD-181 exhibits excellent properties, it may be a reliable probe of quantities for SV2A-related disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xuebo Cheng
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hualong Chen
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yuli Sun
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ziyue Yu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Tingyu Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Di Fan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhihao Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yajing Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lin Ai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zehui Wu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Serrano ME, Kim E, Petrinovic MM, Turkheimer F, Cash D. Imaging Synaptic Density: The Next Holy Grail of Neuroscience? Front Neurosci 2022; 16:796129. [PMID: 35401097 PMCID: PMC8990757 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.796129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is the central and most complex organ in the nervous system, comprising billions of neurons that constantly communicate through trillions of connections called synapses. Despite being formed mainly during prenatal and early postnatal development, synapses are continually refined and eliminated throughout life via complicated and hitherto incompletely understood mechanisms. Failure to correctly regulate the numbers and distribution of synapses has been associated with many neurological and psychiatric disorders, including autism, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, and schizophrenia. Therefore, measurements of brain synaptic density, as well as early detection of synaptic dysfunction, are essential for understanding normal and abnormal brain development. To date, multiple synaptic density markers have been proposed and investigated in experimental models of brain disorders. The majority of the gold standard methodologies (e.g., electron microscopy or immunohistochemistry) visualize synapses or measure changes in pre- and postsynaptic proteins ex vivo. However, the invasive nature of these classic methodologies precludes their use in living organisms. The recent development of positron emission tomography (PET) tracers [such as (18F)UCB-H or (11C)UCB-J] that bind to a putative synaptic density marker, the synaptic vesicle 2A (SV2A) protein, is heralding a likely paradigm shift in detecting synaptic alterations in patients. Despite their limited specificity, novel, non-invasive magnetic resonance (MR)-based methods also show promise in inferring synaptic information by linking to glutamate neurotransmission. Although promising, all these methods entail various advantages and limitations that must be addressed before becoming part of routine clinical practice. In this review, we summarize and discuss current ex vivo and in vivo methods of quantifying synaptic density, including an evaluation of their reliability and experimental utility. We conclude with a critical assessment of challenges that need to be overcome before successfully employing synaptic density biomarkers as diagnostic and/or prognostic tools in the study of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisa Serrano
- Department of Neuroimaging, The BRAIN Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eugene Kim
- Department of Neuroimaging, The BRAIN Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marija M Petrinovic
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Turkheimer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Cash
- Department of Neuroimaging, The BRAIN Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
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Zheng C, Holden D, Zheng MQ, Pracitto R, Wilcox KC, Lindemann M, Felchner Z, Zhang L, Tong J, Fowles K, Finnema SJ, Nabulsi N, Carson RE, Huang Y, Cai Z. A metabolically stable PET tracer for imaging synaptic vesicle protein 2A: synthesis and preclinical characterization of [ 18F]SDM-16. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:1482-1496. [PMID: 34761284 PMCID: PMC8940841 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05597-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantify the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) changes in the whole central nervous system (CNS) under pathophysiological conditions, a high affinity SV2A PET radiotracer with improved in vivo stability is desirable to minimize the potential confounding effect of radiometabolites. The aim of this study was to develop such a PET tracer based on the molecular scaffold of UCB-A, and evaluate its pharmacokinetics, in vivo stability, specific binding, and nonspecific binding signals in nonhuman primate brains, in comparison with [11C]UCB-A, [11C]UCB-J, and [18F]SynVesT-1. METHODS The racemic SDM-16 (4-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1-((2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)pyrrolidin-2-one) and its two enantiomers were synthesized and assayed for in vitro binding affinities to human SV2A. We synthesized the enantiopure [18F]SDM-16 using the corresponding enantiopure arylstannane precursor. Nonhuman primate brain PET scans were performed on FOCUS 220 scanners. Arterial blood was drawn for the measurement of plasma free fraction (fP), radiometabolite analysis, and construction of the plasma input function. Regional time-activity curves (TACs) were fitted with the one-tissue compartment (1TC) model to obtain the volume of distribution (VT). Nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND) was calculated using either the nondisplaceable volume of distribution (VND) or the centrum semiovale (CS) as the reference region. RESULTS SDM-16 was synthesized in 3 steps with 44% overall yield and has the highest affinity (Ki = 0.9 nM) to human SV2A among all reported SV2A ligands. [18F]SDM-16 was prepared in about 20% decay-corrected radiochemical yield within 90 min, with greater than 99% radiochemical and enantiomeric purity. This radiotracer displayed high specific binding in monkey brains and was metabolically more stable than the other SV2A PET tracers. The fP of [18F]SDM-16 was 69%, which was higher than those of [11C]UCB-J (46%), [18F]SynVesT-1 (43%), [18F]SynVesT-2 (41%), and [18F]UCB-H (43%). The TACs were well described with the 1TC. The averaged test-retest variability (TRV) was 7 ± 3%, and averaged absolute TRV (aTRV) was 14 ± 7% for the analyzed brain regions. CONCLUSION We have successfully synthesized a novel SV2A PET tracer [18F]SDM-16, which has the highest SV2A binding affinity and metabolical stability among published SV2A PET tracers. The [18F]SDM-16 brain PET images showed superb contrast between gray matter and white matter. Moreover, [18F]SDM-16 showed high specific and reversible binding in the NHP brains, allowing for the reliable and sensitive quantification of SV2A, and has potential applications in the visualization and quantification of SV2A beyond the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zheng
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Daniel Holden
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Ming-Qiang Zheng
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Richard Pracitto
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Kyle C Wilcox
- Translational Imaging, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Marcel Lindemann
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Zachary Felchner
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Jie Tong
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Krista Fowles
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Sjoerd J Finnema
- Translational Imaging, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Zhengxin Cai
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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119
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Toyonaga T, Fesharaki-Zadeh A, Strittmatter SM, Carson RE, Cai Z. PET Imaging of Synaptic Density: Challenges and Opportunities of Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2A PET in Small Animal Imaging. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:787404. [PMID: 35345546 PMCID: PMC8957200 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.787404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of novel PET imaging agents for synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) allowed for the in vivo detection of synaptic density changes, which are correlated with the progression and severity of a variety of neuropsychiatric diseases. While multiple ongoing clinical investigations using SV2A PET are expanding its applications rapidly, preclinical SV2A PET imaging in animal models is an integral component of the translation research and provides supporting and complementary information. Herein, we overview preclinical SV2A PET studies in animal models of neurodegenerative disorders and discuss the opportunities and practical challenges in small animal SV2A PET imaging. At the Yale PET Center, we have conducted SV2A PET imaging studies in animal models of multiple diseases and longitudinal SV2A PET allowed us to evaluate synaptic density dynamics in the brains of disease animal models and to assess pharmacological effects of novel interventions. In this article, we discuss key considerations when designing preclinical SV2A PET imaging studies and strategies for data analysis. Specifically, we compare the brain imaging characteristics of available SV2A tracers, i.e., [11C]UCB-J, [18F]SynVesT-1, [18F]SynVesT-2, and [18F]SDM-16, in rodent brains. We also discuss the limited spatial resolution of PET scanners for small brains and challenges of kinetic modeling. We then compare different injection routes and estimate the maximum throughput (i.e., number of animals) per radiotracer synthesis by taking into account the injectable volume for each injection method, injected mass, and radioactivity half-lives. In summary, this article provides a perspective for designing and analyzing SV2A PET imaging studies in small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Toyonaga
- Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States,*Correspondence: Takuya Toyonaga,
| | - Arman Fesharaki-Zadeh
- Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States,Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Stephen M. Strittmatter
- Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States,Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Richard E. Carson
- Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Zhengxin Cai
- Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States,Zhengxin Cai,
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120
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Nathan PJ, Millais SB, Godwood A, Dewit O, Cross DM, Liptrot J, Ruparelia B, Jones SP, Bakker G, Maruff PT, Light GA, Brown AJH, Weir MP, Congreve M, Tasker T. A phase 1b/2a multicenter study of the safety and preliminary pharmacodynamic effects of selective muscarinic M 1 receptor agonist HTL0018318 in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2022; 8:e12273. [PMID: 35229025 PMCID: PMC8864442 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Introduction This study examined the safety and pharmacodynamic effects of selective muscarinic M1 receptor orthosteric agonist HTL0018318 in 60 patients with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) on background donepezil 10 mg/day. Methods A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled 4‐week safety study of HTL0018318 with up‐titration and maintenance phases, observing exploratory effects on electrophysiological biomarkers and cognition. Results Treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were mild and less frequently reported during maintenance versus titration. Headache was most commonly reported (7–21%); 0 to 13% reported cholinergic TEAEs (abdominal pain, diarrhea, fatigue, nausea) and two patients discontinued due to TEAEs. At 1 to 2 hours post‐dose, HTL0018318‐related mean maximum elevations in systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 5 to 10 mmHg above placebo were observed during up‐titration but not maintenance. Postive effects of HTL0018318 were found on specific attention and memory endpoints. Discussion HTL0018318 was well tolerated in mild‐to‐moderate AD patients and showed positive effects on attention and episodic memory on top of therapeutic doses of donepezil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep J Nathan
- Heptares Therapeutics Ltd Cambridge UK.,Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gregory A Light
- Department of Psychiatry University of San Diego San Diego California USA
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Association of entorhinal cortical tau deposition and hippocampal synaptic density in older individuals with normal cognition and early Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 111:44-53. [PMID: 34963063 PMCID: PMC8761170 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Sites of early neuropathologic change provide important clues regarding the initial clinical features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have shown significant reductions in hippocampal synaptic density in participants with AD, consistent with the early degeneration of entorhinal cortical (ERC) cells that project to hippocampus via the perforant path. In this study, [11C]UCB-J binding to synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) and [18F]flortaucipir binding to tau were measured via PET in 10 participants with AD (5 mild cognitive impairment, 5 mild dementia) and 10 cognitively normal participants. In the overall sample, ERC tau was inversely associated with hippocampal synaptic density (r = -0.59, p = 0.009). After correction for partial volume effects, the association of ERC tau with hippocampal synaptic density was stronger in the overall sample (r = -0.61, p = 0.007) and in the AD group where the effect size was large, but not statistically significant (r = -0.58, p = 0.06). This inverse association of ERC tau and hippocampal synaptic density may reflect synaptic failure due to tau pathology in ERC neurons projecting to the hippocampus.
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122
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Angarita GA, Worhunsky PD, Naganawa M, Toyonaga T, Nabulsi NB, Li CSR, Esterlis I, Skosnik PD, Radhakrishnan R, Pittman B, Gueorguieva R, Potenza MN, Finnema SJ, Huang Y, Carson RE, Malison RT. Lower prefrontal cortical synaptic vesicle binding in cocaine use disorder: An exploratory 11 C-UCB-J positron emission tomography study in humans. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13123. [PMID: 34852401 PMCID: PMC8891080 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical studies have revealed robust and long-lasting alterations in dendritic spines in the brain following cocaine exposure. Such alterations are hypothesized to underlie enduring maladaptive behaviours observed in cocaine use disorder (CUD). The current study explored whether synaptic density is altered in CUD. Fifteen individuals with DSM-5 CUD and 15 demographically matched healthy control (HC) subjects participated in a single 11 C-UCB-J positron emission tomography scan to assess density of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A). The volume of distribution (VT ) and the plasma-free fraction-corrected form of the total volume of distribution (VT /fP ) were analysed in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), dorsomedial and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (PFC), lateral and medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and ventral striatum. A significant diagnostic-group-by-region interaction was observed for VT and VT /fP . Post hoc analyses revealed no differences on VT , while for VT /fP showed lower values in CUD as compared with HC subjects in the ACC (-10.9%, p = 0.02), ventromedial PFC (-9.9%, p = 0.02) and medial OFC (-9.9%, p = 0.04). Regional VT /fP values in CUD, though unrelated to measures of lifetime cocaine use, were positively correlated with the frequency of recent cocaine use (p = 0.02-0.03) and negatively correlated with cocaine abstinence (p = 0.008-0.03). These findings provide initial preliminary in vivo evidence of altered (lower) synaptic density in the PFC of humans with CUD. Cross-sectional variation in SV2A availability as a function of recent cocaine use and abstinence suggests that synaptic density may be dynamically and plastically regulated by acute cocaine, an observation that merits direct testing by studies using more definitive longitudinal designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A. Angarita
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite # 901, New Haven, CT 06511
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Patrick D. Worhunsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite # 901, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Mika Naganawa
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 801 Howard Ave, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Takuya Toyonaga
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 801 Howard Ave, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Nabeel B. Nabulsi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 801 Howard Ave, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Chiang-Shan R. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite # 901, New Haven, CT 06511
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Irina Esterlis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite # 901, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Patrick D. Skosnik
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite # 901, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Rajiv Radhakrishnan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite # 901, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Brian Pittman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite # 901, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Ralitza Gueorguieva
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven CT 06520
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite # 901, New Haven, CT 06511
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, 100 Great Meadow Road, Wethersfield, CT 06109
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 234 South Frontage Road, New Haven, CT 06510
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Sjoerd J. Finnema
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 801 Howard Ave, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 801 Howard Ave, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Richard E. Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 801 Howard Ave, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Robert T. Malison
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite # 901, New Haven, CT 06511
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519
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Michiels L, Mertens N, Thijs L, Radwan A, Sunaert S, Vandenbulcke M, Verheyden G, Koole M, Van Laere K, Lemmens R. Changes in synaptic density in the subacute phase after ischemic stroke: A 11C-UCB-J PET/MR study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:303-314. [PMID: 34550834 PMCID: PMC9122519 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211047759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Functional alterations after ischemic stroke have been described with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and perfusion Positron Emission Tomography (PET), but no data on in vivo synaptic changes exist. Recently, imaging of synaptic density became available by targeting synaptic vesicle protein 2 A, a protein ubiquitously expressed in all presynaptic nerve terminals. We hypothesized that in subacute ischemic stroke loss of synaptic density can be evaluated with 11C-UCB-J PET in the ischemic tissue and that alterations in synaptic density can be present in brain regions beyond the ischemic core. We recruited ischemic stroke patients to undergo 11C-UCB-J PET/MR imaging 21 ± 8 days after stroke onset to investigate regional 11C-UCB-J SUVR (standardized uptake value ratio). There was a decrease (but residual signal) of 11C-UCB-J SUVR within the lesion of 16 stroke patients compared to 40 healthy controls (ratiolesion/controls = 0.67 ± 0.28, p = 0.00023). Moreover, 11C-UCB-J SUVR was lower in the non-lesioned tissue of the affected hemisphere compared to the unaffected hemisphere (ΔSUVR = -0.17, p = 0.0035). The contralesional cerebellar hemisphere showed a lower 11C-UCB-J SUVR compared to the ipsilesional cerebellar hemisphere (ΔSUVR = -0.14, p = 0.0048). In 8 out of 16 patients, the asymmetry index suggested crossed cerebellar diaschisis. Future research is required to longitudinally study these changes in synaptic density and their association with outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Michiels
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Mertens
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 26657KU Leuven, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liselot Thijs
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, 26657KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ahmed Radwan
- Translational MRI, 26657KU Leuven, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Sunaert
- Translational MRI, 26657KU Leuven, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vandenbulcke
- VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Centre, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Verheyden
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, 26657KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michel Koole
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 26657KU Leuven, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Laere
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 26657KU Leuven, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robin Lemmens
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Neuroimaging of Mouse Models of Alzheimer’s Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020305. [PMID: 35203515 PMCID: PMC8869427 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) have made great strides in the diagnosis and our understanding of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Despite the knowledge gained from human studies, mouse models have and continue to play an important role in deciphering the cellular and molecular evolution of AD. MRI and PET are now being increasingly used to investigate neuroimaging features in mouse models and provide the basis for rapid translation to the clinical setting. Here, we provide an overview of the human MRI and PET imaging landscape as a prelude to an in-depth review of preclinical imaging in mice. A broad range of mouse models recapitulate certain aspects of the human AD, but no single model simulates the human disease spectrum. We focused on the two of the most popular mouse models, the 3xTg-AD and the 5xFAD models, and we summarized all known published MRI and PET imaging data, including contrasting findings. The goal of this review is to provide the reader with broad framework to guide future studies in existing and future mouse models of AD. We also highlight aspects of MRI and PET imaging that could be improved to increase rigor and reproducibility in future imaging studies.
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125
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Zhang W, Zhang M, Wu Q, Shi JS. Dendrobium nobile Lindl. Alkaloids Ameliorate Aβ25-35-Induced Synaptic Deficits by Targeting Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in Alzheimer’s Disease Models. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:297-313. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-215433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Dendrobium nobile Lindl. alkaloids (DNLA) are effective in ameliorating cognitive deficit in SAMP8, AβPP/PS1, and LPS-induced AD animal models, and prevented Aβ-induced synaptic degeneration in cultured hippocampal neurons. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unexplored. Objective: This study investigated the protective effects of DNLA on synaptic damage in an Aβ 25-35-induced rat AD model, in primary cortical neuron cultures, and in PC12 cells transfected with human AβPP695, focusing on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats received a single Aβ 25-35 injection (10μg) into the bilateral hippocampi. DNLA (40 and 80 mg/kg/d) was intragastrically administrated 7d prior to Aβ injection and continued for 28 days. The spatial learning and memory, synaptic morphology, synapse-related proteins, and Wnt signaling components GSK3β and β-catenin phosphorylation were evaluated. Rat primary cortical neuron cultures and AβPP695-PC12 cells were used to evaluate axonal mitochondria distribution, reactive oxygen species production, amyloidogenesis, and Wnt pathway in the protection. Results: DNLA ameliorated Aβ-induced cognitive impairment, increased the number of synapses, elevated the postsynaptic density thickness and expression of synapsin and PSD95 in the hippocampus, and suppressed Aβ-mediated GSK3β activity and the β-catenin phosphorylation. In primary neurons and AβPP695-PC12 cells, DNLA restored Aβ 25-35 induced mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibited reactive oxygen species production and amyloidogenesis. Furthermore, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor Dkk-1 blocked the effect of DNLA on the expression of Aβ 1-42 and PSD95. Conclusion: DNLA rescued Aβ-mediated synaptic and mitochondrial injury and inhibited amyloidogenesis in vivo and in vitro, probably through the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to protect synaptic integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- Tongren City People’s Hospital, Tongren, Guizhou, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jing-Shan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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126
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Reyes-Leiva D, Dols-Icardo O, Sirisi S, Cortés-Vicente E, Turon-Sans J, de Luna N, Blesa R, Belbin O, Montal V, Alcolea D, Fortea J, Lleó A, Rojas-García R, Illán-Gala I. Pathophysiological Underpinnings of Extra-Motor Neurodegeneration in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: New Insights From Biomarker Studies. Front Neurol 2022; 12:750543. [PMID: 35115992 PMCID: PMC8804092 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.750543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) lie at opposing ends of a clinical, genetic, and neuropathological continuum. In the last decade, it has become clear that cognitive and behavioral changes in patients with ALS are more frequent than previously recognized. Significantly, these non-motor features can impact the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of ALS. Partially overlapping neuropathological staging systems have been proposed to describe the distribution of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) aggregates outside the corticospinal tract. However, the relationship between TDP-43 inclusions and neurodegeneration is not absolute and other pathophysiological processes, such as neuroinflammation (with a prominent role of microglia), cortical hyperexcitability, and synaptic dysfunction also play a central role in ALS pathophysiology. In the last decade, imaging and biofluid biomarker studies have revealed important insights into the pathophysiological underpinnings of extra-motor neurodegeneration in the ALS-FTLD continuum. In this review, we first summarize the clinical and pathophysiological correlates of extra-motor neurodegeneration in ALS. Next, we discuss the diagnostic and prognostic value of biomarkers in ALS and their potential to characterize extra-motor neurodegeneration. Finally, we debate about how biomarkers could improve the diagnosis and classification of ALS. Emerging imaging biomarkers of extra-motor neurodegeneration that enable the monitoring of disease progression are particularly promising. In addition, a growing arsenal of biofluid biomarkers linked to neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation are improving the diagnostic accuracy and identification of patients with a faster progression rate. The development and validation of biomarkers that detect the pathological aggregates of TDP-43 in vivo are notably expected to further elucidate the pathophysiological underpinnings of extra-motor neurodegeneration in ALS. Novel biomarkers tracking the different aspects of ALS pathophysiology are paving the way to precision medicine approaches in the ALS-FTLD continuum. These are essential steps to improve the diagnosis and staging of ALS and the design of clinical trials testing novel disease-modifying treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Reyes-Leiva
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, Valencia, Spain
| | - Oriol Dols-Icardo
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Sirisi
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Cortés-Vicente
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, Valencia, Spain
| | - Janina Turon-Sans
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, Valencia, Spain
| | - Noemi de Luna
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Blesa
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olivia Belbin
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Montal
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Fortea
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricard Rojas-García
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ignacio Illán-Gala
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Ignacio Illán-Gala
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Li W, Wang Y, Lohith TG, Zeng Z, Tong L, Mazzola R, Riffel K, Miller P, Purcell M, Holahan M, Haley H, Gantert L, Hesk D, Ren S, Morrow J, Uslaner J, Struyk A, Wai JMC, Rudd MT, Tellers DM, McAvoy T, Bormans G, Koole M, Van Laere K, Serdons K, de Hoon J, Declercq R, De Lepeleire I, Pascual MB, Zanotti-Fregonara P, Yu M, Arbones V, Masdeu JC, Cheng A, Hussain A, Bueters T, Anderson MS, Hostetler ED, Basile AS. The PET tracer [ 11C]MK-6884 quantifies M4 muscarinic receptor in rhesus monkeys and patients with Alzheimer's disease. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabg3684. [PMID: 35020407 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abg3684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Li
- MRL, Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Yuchuan Wang
- MRL, Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | | | - Zhizhen Zeng
- MRL, Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Ling Tong
- MRL, Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | | | - Kerry Riffel
- MRL, Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | | | - Mona Purcell
- MRL, Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | | | - Hyking Haley
- MRL, Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Liza Gantert
- MRL, Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - David Hesk
- MRL, Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Sumei Ren
- MRL, Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - John Morrow
- MRL, Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | | | - Arie Struyk
- MRL, Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Guy Bormans
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michel Koole
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, KU Leuven and University Hospital Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Laere
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, KU Leuven and University Hospital Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kim Serdons
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, KU Leuven and University Hospital Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan de Hoon
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruben Declercq
- Translational Pharmacology Europe, MSD (Europe) Inc., 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Inge De Lepeleire
- Translational Pharmacology Europe, MSD (Europe) Inc., 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria B Pascual
- Nantz National Alzheimer Center, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Paolo Zanotti-Fregonara
- Nantz National Alzheimer Center, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Meixiang Yu
- Nantz National Alzheimer Center, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Victoria Arbones
- Nantz National Alzheimer Center, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joseph C Masdeu
- Nantz National Alzheimer Center, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Amy Cheng
- MRL, Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
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128
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Brumberg J, Varrone A. New PET radiopharmaceuticals for imaging CNS diseases. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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129
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The Role of Molecular Imaging as a Marker of Remyelination and Repair in Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010474. [PMID: 35008899 PMCID: PMC8745199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The appearance of new disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis (MS) has revolutionized our ability to fight inflammatory relapses and has immensely improved patients’ quality of life. Although remarkable, this achievement has not carried over into reducing long-term disability. In MS, clinical disability progression can continue relentlessly irrespective of acute inflammation. This “silent” disease progression is the main contributor to long-term clinical disability in MS and results from chronic inflammation, neurodegeneration, and repair failure. Investigating silent disease progression and its underlying mechanisms is a challenge. Standard MRI excels in depicting acute inflammation but lacks the pathophysiological lens required for a more targeted exploration of molecular-based processes. Novel modalities that utilize nuclear magnetic resonance’s ability to display in vivo information on imaging look to bridge this gap. Displaying the CNS through a molecular prism is becoming an undeniable reality. This review will focus on “molecular imaging biomarkers” of disease progression, modalities that can harmoniously depict anatomy and pathophysiology, making them attractive candidates to become the first valid biomarkers of neuroprotection and remyelination.
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130
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Perez-Nievas BG, Johnson L, Beltran-Lobo P, Hughes MM, Gammallieri L, Tarsitano F, Myszczynska MA, Vazquez-Villasenor I, Jimenez-Sanchez M, Troakes C, Wharton SB, Ferraiuolo L, Noble W. Astrocytic C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-1 mediates β-amyloid-induced synaptotoxicity. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:306. [PMID: 34963475 PMCID: PMC8715604 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02371-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathological interactions between β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau drive synapse loss and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Reactive astrocytes, displaying altered functions, are also a prominent feature of AD brain. This large and heterogeneous population of cells are increasingly recognised as contributing to early phases of disease. However, the contribution of astrocytes to Aβ-induced synaptotoxicity in AD is not well understood. METHODS We stimulated mouse and human astrocytes with conditioned medium containing concentrations and species of human Aβ that mimic those in human AD brain. Medium from stimulated astrocytes was collected and immunodepleted of Aβ before being added to naïve rodent or human neuron cultures. A cytokine, identified in unbiased screens of stimulated astrocyte media and in postmortem human AD brain lysates was also applied to neurons, including those pre-treated with a chemokine receptor antagonist. Tau mislocalisation, synaptic markers and dendritic spine numbers were measured in cultured neurons and organotypic brain slice cultures. RESULTS We found that conditioned medium from stimulated astrocytes induces exaggerated synaptotoxicity that is recapitulated following spiking of neuron culture medium with recombinant C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-1 (CXCL1), a chemokine upregulated in AD brain. Antagonism of neuronal C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) prevented synaptotoxicity in response to CXCL1 and Aβ-stimulated astrocyte secretions. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that astrocytes exacerbate the synaptotoxic effects of Aβ via interactions of astrocytic CXCL1 and neuronal CXCR2 receptors, highlighting this chemokine-receptor pair as a novel target for therapeutic intervention in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz G Perez-Nievas
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 5 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RX, UK.
| | - Louisa Johnson
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 5 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Paula Beltran-Lobo
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 5 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Martina M Hughes
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 5 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Luciana Gammallieri
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 5 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Francesca Tarsitano
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 5 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Monika A Myszczynska
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Irina Vazquez-Villasenor
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Maria Jimenez-Sanchez
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 5 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Claire Troakes
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 5 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Stephen B Wharton
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Laura Ferraiuolo
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Wendy Noble
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 5 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RX, UK.
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Abstract
Abstract
In this partial review and partial attempt at vision of what may be the future of dedicated brain PET scanners, the key implementations of the PET technique, we postulate that we are still on a development path and there is still a lot to be done in order to develop optimal brain imagers. Optimized for particular imaging tasks and protocols, and also mobile, that can be used outside the PET center, in addition to the expected improvements in sensitivity and resolution. For this multi-application concept to be more practical, flexible, adaptable designs are preferred. This task is greatly facilitated by the improved TOF performance that allows for more open, adjustable, limited angular coverage geometries without creating image artifacts. As achieving uniform very high resolution in the whole body is not practical due to technological limits and high costs, hybrid systems using a moderate-resolution total body scanner (such as J-PET) combined with a very high performing brain imager could be a very attractive approach. As well, as using magnification inserts in the total body or long-axial length imagers to visualize selected targets with higher resolution. In addition, multigamma imagers combining PET with Compton imaging should be developed to enable multitracer imaging.
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132
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Möck EEA, Honkonen E, Airas L. Synaptic Loss in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review of Human Post-mortem Studies. Front Neurol 2021; 12:782599. [PMID: 34912290 PMCID: PMC8666414 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.782599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gray matter pathology plays a central role in the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). The occurrence of synaptic loss appears to be important but, to date, still poorly investigated aspect of MS pathology. In this systematic review, we drew from the recent knowledge about synaptic loss in human post-mortem studies. Methods: We conducted a systematic search with PubMed to identify relevant publications. Publications available from15 June 2021 were taken into account. We selected human post-mortem studies that quantitatively assessed the synapse number in MS tissue. Results: We identified 14 relevant publications out of which 9 reported synaptic loss in at least one investigated subregion. The most commonly used synaptic marker was synaptophysin; non-etheless, we found substantial differences in the methodology and the selection of reference tissue. Investigated regions included the cortex, the hippocampus, the cerebellum, the thalamus, and the spinal cord. Conclusion: Synaptic loss seems to take place throughout the entire central nervous system. However, the results are inconsistent, probably due to differences in the methodology. Moreover, synaptic loss appears to be a dynamic process, and thus the nature of this pathology might be captured using in vivo synaptic density measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Amelie Möck
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eveliina Honkonen
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Airas
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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133
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In vivo evidence of lower synaptic vesicle density in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:7690-7698. [PMID: 34135473 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01184-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Decreased synaptic spine density has been the most consistently reported postmortem finding in schizophrenia (SCZ). A recently developed in vivo measure of synaptic vesicle density estimated using the novel positron emission tomography (PET) ligand [11C]UCB-J is a proxy measure of synaptic density. In this study we determined whether [11C]UCB-J binding, an in vivo measure of synaptic vesicle density, is altered in SCZ. SCZ patients (n = 13, 3 F) and age-, gender-matched healthy controls (HCs) (n = 15, 3 F) underwent PET imaging using [11C]UCB-J and high-resolution research tomography (HRRT). [11C]UCB-J distribution volume (VT) and binding potential (BPND) were estimated using a 1T model with centrum-semiovale as the reference region. Relative to HCs, SCZ patients, showed significantly lower [11C]UCB-J BPND with significant differences in the frontal cortex (-10%, Cohen's d = 1.01), anterior cingulate (-11%, Cohen's d = 1.24), hippocampus (-15%, Cohen's d = 1.29), occipital cortex (-14%, Cohen's d = 1.34), parietal cortex (-10%, p = 0.03, Cohen's d = 0.85) and temporal cortex (-11%, Cohen's d = 1.23). These differences remained significant after partial volume correction. [11C]UCB-J BPND did not correlate with cumulative antipsychotic exposure or gray-matter volume. Consistent with the postmortem and in vivo findings, synaptic vesicle density is lower across several brain regions in SCZ. Frontal synaptic vesicle density correlated with psychosis symptom severity and cognitive performance on social cognition and processing speed. These findings indicate that [11C]UCB-J PET is a sensitive tool to detect lower synaptic density in SCZ and holds promise for future studies of early detection and disease progression.
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134
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Liu X, Wei Q, Yang X, Wang X, Zhang J, Xu R, Zhang H, Wang S, Wan X, Jiang L, He Y, Li S, Chen R, Wang Y, Chen Y, Qin F, Chen Y, Dai Y, Li H, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Bu Q, Wang H, Tian J, Zhao Y, Cen X. Lipidomics Reveals Dysregulated Glycerophospholipid Metabolism in the Corpus Striatum of Mice Treated with Cefepime. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:4449-4464. [PMID: 34762393 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cefepime exhibits a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and thus is a widely used treatment for severe bacterial infections. Adverse effects on the central nervous system (CNS) have been reported in patients treated with cefepime. Current explanation for the adverse neurobehavioral effect of cefepime is mainly attributed to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and competitively bind to the GABAergic receptor; however, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. In this study, mice were intraperitoneally administered 80 mg/kg cefepime for different periods, followed by neurobehavioral tests and a brain lipidomic analysis. LC/MS-MS-based metabolomics was used to investigate the effect of cefepime on the brain lipidomic profile and metabolic pathways. Repeated cefepime treatment time-dependently caused anxiety-like behaviors, which were accompanied by reduced locomotor activity in the open field test. Cefepime profoundly altered the lipid profile, acyl chain length, and unsaturation of fatty acids in the corpus striatum, and glycerophospholipids accounted for a large proportion of those significantly modified lipids. In addition, cefepime treatment caused obvious alteration in the lipid-enriched membrane structure, neurites, mitochondria, and synaptic vesicles of primary cultured striatal neurons; moreover, the spontaneous electrical activity of striatal neurons was significantly reduced. Collectively, cefepime reprograms glycerophospholipid metabolism in the corpus striatum, which may interfere with neuronal structure and activity, eventually leading to aberrant neurobehaviors in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Liu
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingfan Wei
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiamei Zhang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Xu
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoluo Zhang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaomin Wang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Wan
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linhong Jiang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuman He
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu Li
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Chen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghai Wang
- Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaxing Chen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Qin
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanping Dai
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongchun Li
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhao
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaqin Zhang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Bu
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Tian
- Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
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Saeger HN, Olson DE. Psychedelic-inspired approaches for treating neurodegenerative disorders. J Neurochem 2021; 162:109-127. [PMID: 34816433 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Psychedelics are increasingly being recognized for their potential to treat a wide range of brain disorders including depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance use disorder. Their broad therapeutic potential might result from an ability to rescue cortical atrophy common to many neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases by impacting neurotrophic factor gene expression, activating neuronal growth and survival mechanisms, and modulating the immune system. While the therapeutic potential of psychedelics has not yet been extended to neurodegenerative disorders, we provide evidence suggesting that approaches based on psychedelic science might prove useful for treating these diseases. The primary target of psychedelics, the 5-HT2A receptor, plays key roles in cortical neuron health and is dysregulated in Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, evidence suggests that psychedelics and related compounds could prove useful for treating the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). While more research is needed to probe the effects of psychedelics in models of neurodegenerative diseases, the robust effects of these compounds on structural and functional neuroplasticity and inflammation clearly warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah N Saeger
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - David E Olson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
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136
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Ni R. Positron Emission Tomography in Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease Amyloidosis: Translational Implications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1179. [PMID: 34832961 PMCID: PMC8623863 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models of Alzheimer's disease amyloidosis that recapitulate cerebral amyloid-beta pathology have been widely used in preclinical research and have greatly enabled the mechanistic understanding of Alzheimer's disease and the development of therapeutics. Comprehensive deep phenotyping of the pathophysiological and biochemical features in these animal models is essential. Recent advances in positron emission tomography have allowed the non-invasive visualization of the alterations in the brain of animal models and in patients with Alzheimer's disease. These tools have facilitated our understanding of disease mechanisms and provided longitudinal monitoring of treatment effects in animal models of Alzheimer's disease amyloidosis. In this review, we focus on recent positron emission tomography studies of cerebral amyloid-beta accumulation, hypoglucose metabolism, synaptic and neurotransmitter receptor deficits (cholinergic and glutamatergic system), blood-brain barrier impairment, and neuroinflammation (microgliosis and astrocytosis) in animal models of Alzheimer's disease amyloidosis. We further propose the emerging targets and tracers for reflecting the pathophysiological changes and discuss outstanding challenges in disease animal models and future outlook in the on-chip characterization of imaging biomarkers towards clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Ni
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH & University of Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland
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137
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Pursuit of precision medicine: Systems biology approaches in Alzheimer's disease mouse models. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 161:105558. [PMID: 34767943 PMCID: PMC10112395 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex disease that is mediated by numerous factors and manifests in various forms. A systems biology approach to studying AD involves analyses of various body systems, biological scales, environmental elements, and clinical outcomes to understand the genotype to phenotype relationship that potentially drives AD development. Currently, there are many research investigations probing how modifiable and nonmodifiable factors impact AD symptom presentation. This review specifically focuses on how imaging modalities can be integrated into systems biology approaches using model mouse populations to link brain level functional and structural changes to disease onset and progression. Combining imaging and omics data promotes the classification of AD into subtypes and paves the way for precision medicine solutions to prevent and treat AD.
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138
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Garcia-Romeu A, Darcy S, Jackson H, White T, Rosenberg P. Psychedelics as Novel Therapeutics in Alzheimer's Disease: Rationale and Potential Mechanisms. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2021; 56:287-317. [PMID: 34734390 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) agonist "classic psychedelics" are drawing increasing interest as potential mental health treatments. Recent work suggests psychedelics can exert persisting anxiolytic and antidepressant effects lasting up to several months after a single administration. Data indicate acute subjective drug effects as important psychological factors involved in observed therapeutic benefits. Additionally, animal models have shown an important role for 5-HT2AR agonists in modulating learning and memory function with relevance for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and related dementias. A number of biological mechanisms of action are under investigation to elucidate 5-HT2AR agonists' therapeutic potential, including enhanced neuroplasticity, anti-inflammatory effects, and alterations in brain functional connectivity. These diverse lines of research are reviewed here along with a discussion of AD pathophysiology and neuropsychiatric symptoms to highlight classic psychedelics as potential novel pharmacotherapies for patients with AD. Human clinical research suggests a possible role for high-dose psychedelic administration in symptomatic treatment of depressed mood and anxiety in early-stage AD. Preclinical data indicate a potential for low- or high-dose psychedelic treatment regimens to slow or reverse brain atrophy, enhance cognitive function, and slow progression of AD. In conclusion, rationale and potential approaches for preliminary research with psychedelics in patients with AD are presented, and ramifications of this line of investigation for development of novel AD treatments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Garcia-Romeu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Sean Darcy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hillary Jackson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Toni White
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Memory and Alzheimer's Treatment Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul Rosenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Memory and Alzheimer's Treatment Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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139
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Kong Y, Zhang S, Huang L, Zhang C, Xie F, Zhang Z, Huang Q, Jiang D, Li J, Zhou W, Hua T, Sun B, Wang J, Guan Y. Positron Emission Computed Tomography Imaging of Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2A in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:731114. [PMID: 34795573 PMCID: PMC8593388 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.731114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder seen in age-dependent dementia. There is currently no effective treatment for AD, which may be attributed in part to lack of a clear underlying mechanism. Early diagnosis of AD is of great significance to control the development of the disease. Synaptic loss is an important pathology in the early stage of AD, therefore the measurement of synaptic density using molecular imaging technology may be an effective way to early diagnosis of AD. Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) is located in the presynaptic vesicle membrane of virtually all synapses. SV2A Positron Emission Computed Tomography (PET) could provide a way to measure synaptic density quantitatively in living humans and to track changes in synaptic density in AD. In view of the fact that synaptic loss is the pathology of both epilepsy and AD, this review summarizes the potential role of SV2A in the pathogenesis of AD, and suggests that SV2A should be used as an important target molecule of PET imaging agent for the early diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Kong
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shibo Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chencheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Xie
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengwei Zhang
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Huang
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Donglang Jiang
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junpeng Li
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiyan Zhou
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Hua
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bomin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihui Guan
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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140
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Positron emission tomography in multiple sclerosis - straight to the target. Nat Rev Neurol 2021; 17:663-675. [PMID: 34545219 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-021-00537-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Following the impressive progress in the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), the major challenge ahead is the development of treatments to prevent or delay the irreversible accumulation of clinical disability in progressive forms of the disease. The substrate of clinical progression is neuro-axonal degeneration, and a deep understanding of the mechanisms that underlie this process is a precondition for the development of therapies for progressive MS. PET imaging involves the use of radiolabelled compounds that bind to specific cellular and metabolic targets, thereby enabling direct in vivo measurement of several pathological processes. This approach can provide key insights into the clinical relevance of these processes and their chronological sequence during the disease course. In this Review, we focus on the contribution that PET is making to our understanding of extraneuronal and intraneuronal mechanisms that are involved in the pathogenesis of irreversible neuro-axonal damage in MS. We consider the major challenges with the use of PET in MS and the steps necessary to realize clinical benefits of the technique. In addition, we discuss the potential of emerging PET tracers and future applications of existing compounds to facilitate the identification of effective neuroprotective treatments for patients with MS.
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141
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Pracitto R, Wilcox KC, Lindemann M, Tong J, Zheng C, Li S, Finnema SJ, Huang Y, Cai Z. Further Investigation of Synaptic Vesicle Protein 2A (SV2A) Ligands Designed for Positron Emission Tomography and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Imaging: Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship of Substituted Pyridinylmethyl-4-(3,5-difluorophenyl)pyrrolidin-2-ones. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:27676-27683. [PMID: 34722967 PMCID: PMC8552234 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A series of synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) ligands were synthesized to explore the structure-activity relationship and to help further investigate a hydrogen bonding pharmacophore hypothesis. Racemic SynVesT-1 was used as a lead compound to explore the replacement of the 3-methyl group on the pyridinyl moiety with halogens and hydrocarbons. Pyridinyl isomers of racemic SynVesT-1 were also investigated. Highly potent analogs were discovered including a 3-iodo pyridinyl ligand amenable to investigation as a PET or SPECT imaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Pracitto
- PET
Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Kyle C. Wilcox
- Translational
Imaging Neuroscience, AbbVie, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Marcel Lindemann
- PET
Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Jie Tong
- PET
Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Chao Zheng
- PET
Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Songye Li
- PET
Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Sjoerd J. Finnema
- PET
Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Translational
Imaging Neuroscience, AbbVie, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Yiyun Huang
- PET
Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Zhengxin Cai
- PET
Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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142
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Trujillo-Estrada L, Vanderklish PW, Nguyen MMT, Kuang RR, Nguyen C, Huynh E, da Cunha C, Javonillo DI, Forner S, Martini AC, Sarraf ST, Simmon VF, Baglietto-Vargas D, LaFerla FM. SPG302 Reverses Synaptic and Cognitive Deficits Without Altering Amyloid or Tau Pathology in a Transgenic Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:2468-2483. [PMID: 34738197 PMCID: PMC8804111 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01143-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is conceptualized as a synaptic failure disorder in which loss of glutamatergic synapses is a major driver of cognitive decline. Thus, novel therapeutic strategies aimed at regenerating synapses may represent a promising approach to mitigate cognitive deficits in AD patients. At present, no disease-modifying drugs exist for AD, and approved therapies are palliative at best, lacking in the ability to reverse the synaptic failure. Here, we tested the efficacy of a novel synaptogenic small molecule, SPG302 - a 3rd-generation benzothiazole derivative that increases the density of axospinous glutamatergic synapses - in 3xTg-AD mice. Daily dosing of 3xTg-AD mice with SPG302 at 3 and 30 mg/kg (i.p.) for 4 weeks restored hippocampal synaptic density and improved cognitive function in hippocampal-dependent tasks. Mushroom and stubby spine profiles were increased by SPG302, and associated with enhanced expression of key postsynaptic proteins - including postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), drebrin, and amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) - and increased colocalization of PSD95 with synaptophysin. Notably, SPG302 proved efficacious in this model without modifying Aβ and tau pathology. Thus, our study provides preclinical support for the idea that compounds capable of restoring synaptic density offer a viable strategy to reverse cognitive decline in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Trujillo-Estrada
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Departamento Biología Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter W Vanderklish
- Spinogenix Inc, 10210 Campus Point Drive, Suite 150, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
| | - Marie Minh Thu Nguyen
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Run Rong Kuang
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Caroline Nguyen
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Eric Huynh
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Celia da Cunha
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Dominic Ibarra Javonillo
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Stefania Forner
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Alessandra C Martini
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Stella T Sarraf
- Spinogenix Inc, 10210 Campus Point Drive, Suite 150, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Vincent F Simmon
- Spinogenix Inc, 10210 Campus Point Drive, Suite 150, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
| | - David Baglietto-Vargas
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-1450, USA.
- Departamento Biología Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain.
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Frank M LaFerla
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-1450, USA.
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143
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Walker CK, Herskowitz JH. Dendritic Spines: Mediators of Cognitive Resilience in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease. Neuroscientist 2021; 27:487-505. [PMID: 32812494 PMCID: PMC8130863 DOI: 10.1177/1073858420945964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive resilience is often defined as the ability to remain cognitively normal in the face of insults to the brain. These insults can include disease pathology, such as plaques and tangles associated with Alzheimer's disease, stroke, traumatic brain injury, or other lesions. Factors such as physical or mental activity and genetics may contribute to cognitive resilience, but the neurobiological underpinnings remain ill-defined. Emerging evidence suggests that dendritic spine structural plasticity is one plausible mechanism. In this review, we highlight the basic structure and function of dendritic spines and discuss how spine density and morphology change in aging and Alzheimer's disease. We note evidence that spine plasticity mediates resilience to stress, and we tackle dendritic spines in the context of cognitive resilience to Alzheimer's disease. Finally, we examine how lifestyle and genetic factors may influence dendritic spine plasticity to promote cognitive resilience before discussing evidence for actin regulatory kinases as therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney K. Walker
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Jeremy H. Herskowitz
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
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144
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Bertoglio D, Verhaeghe J, Wyffels L, Miranda A, Stroobants S, Mrzljak L, Dominguez C, Skinbjerg M, Bard J, Liu L, Munoz-Sanjuan I, Staelens S. Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A is affected in the CNS of Huntington's Disease mice and post-mortem human HD brain. J Nucl Med 2021; 63:942-947. [PMID: 34531262 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.262709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic dysfunction is a primary mechanism underlying Huntington's Disease (HD) progression. This study investigated changes in synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) density by means of 11C-UCB-J microPET imaging in the central nervous system (CNS) of HD mice. METHODS: Dynamic 11C-UCB-J microPET imaging was performed at clinically relevant disease stages (at 3, 7, 10, and 16 months, M) in the heterozygous knock-in Q175DN mouse model of HD and WT littermates (n = 16-18/genotype and time point). Cerebral 11C-UCB-J analyses were performed to assess genotypic differences during pre-symptomatic (3M) and symptomatic (7-16M) disease stages. 11C-UCB-J binding in the spinal cord was quantified at 16M. 3H-UCB-J autoradiography and SV2A immunofluorescence were performed post-mortem in mouse and human brain tissue. RESULTS: 11C-UCB-J binding was declined in symptomatic heterozygous mice compared to WT littermates in parallel with disease progression (7M: p<0.01, 16M: p<0.0001). Specific 11C-UCB-J binding was detectable in the spinal cord, with symptomatic heterozygous mice displaying a significant reduction (p<0.0001). 3H-UCB-J autoradiography and SV2A immunofluorescence corroborated the in vivo measurements demonstrating lowered SV2A in heterozygous mice (p<0.05). Finally, preliminary analysis of SV2A in post-mortem human brain suggested lower SV2A in HD gene carrier compared to nondemented control. CONCLUSION: 11C-UCB-J PET detects SV2A deficits during symptomatic disease in heterozygous mice in both brain and spinal cord, offering a novel marker of synaptic integrity widely distributed in CNS. Upon clinical application, 11C-UCB-J PET imaging yields promise for SV2A measurement in patients with HD during disease progression and following disease-modifying therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Longbin Liu
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, United States
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145
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Wang R, Liu H, Toyonaga T, Shi L, Wu J, Onofrey JA, Tsai YJ, Naganawa M, Ma T, Liu Y, Chen MK, Mecca AP, O’Dell RS, van Dyck CH, Carson RE, Liu C. Generation of synthetic PET images of synaptic density and amyloid from 18 F-FDG images using deep learning. Med Phys 2021; 48:5115-5129. [PMID: 34224153 PMCID: PMC8455448 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with various tracers is increasingly used in Alzheimer's disease (AD) studies. However, access to PET scans using new or less-available tracers with sophisticated synthesis and short half-life isotopes may be very limited. Therefore, it is of great significance and interest in AD research to assess the feasibility of generating synthetic PET images of less-available tracers from the PET image of another common tracer, in particular 18 F-FDG. METHODS We implemented advanced deep learning methods using the U-Net model to predict 11 C-UCB-J PET images of synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A), a surrogate of synaptic density, from 18 F-FDG PET data. Dynamic 18 F-FDG and 11 C-UCB-J scans were performed in 21 participants with normal cognition (CN) and 33 participants with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cerebellum was used as the reference region for both tracers. For 11 C-UCB-J image prediction, four network models were trained and tested, which included 1) 18 F-FDG SUV ratio (SUVR) to 11 C-UCB-J SUVR, 2) 18 F-FDG Ki ratio to 11 C-UCB-J SUVR, 3) 18 F-FDG SUVR to 11 C-UCB-J distribution volume ratio (DVR), and 4) 18 F-FDG Ki ratio to 11 C-UCB-J DVR. The normalized root mean square error (NRMSE), structure similarity index (SSIM), and Pearson's correlation coefficient were calculated for evaluating the overall image prediction accuracy. Mean bias of various ROIs in the brain and correlation plots between predicted images and true images were calculated for ROI-based prediction accuracy. Following a similar training and evaluation strategy, 18 F-FDG SUVR to 11 C-PiB SUVR network was also trained and tested for 11 C-PiB static image prediction. RESULTS The results showed that all four network models obtained satisfactory 11 C-UCB-J static and parametric images. For 11 C-UCB-J SUVR prediction, the mean ROI bias was -0.3% ± 7.4% for the AD group and -0.5% ± 7.3% for the CN group with 18 F-FDG SUVR as the input, -0.7% ± 8.1% for the AD group, and -1.3% ± 7.0% for the CN group with 18 F-FDG Ki ratio as the input. For 11 C-UCB-J DVR prediction, the mean ROI bias was -1.3% ± 7.5% for the AD group and -2.0% ± 6.9% for the CN group with 18 F-FDG SUVR as the input, -0.7% ± 9.0% for the AD group, and -1.7% ± 7.8% for the CN group with 18 F-FDG Ki ratio as the input. For 11 C-PiB SUVR image prediction, which appears to be a more challenging task, the incorporation of additional diagnostic information into the network is needed to control the bias below 5% for most ROIs. CONCLUSIONS It is feasible to use 3D U-Net-based methods to generate synthetic 11 C-UCB-J PET images from 18 F-FDG images with reasonable prediction accuracy. It is also possible to predict 11 C-PiB SUVR images from 18 F-FDG images, though the incorporation of additional non-imaging information is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Takuya Toyonaga
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Luyao Shi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John Aaron Onofrey
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yu-Jung Tsai
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mika Naganawa
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tianyu Ma
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqiang Liu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Kai Chen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Adam P. Mecca
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ryan S. O’Dell
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christopher H. van Dyck
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard E. Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Chen MK, Mecca AP, Naganawa M, Gallezot JD, Toyonaga T, Mondal J, Finnema SJ, Lin SF, O’Dell RS, McDonald JW, Michalak HR, Vander Wyk B, Nabulsi NB, Huang Y, Arnsten AFT, van Dyck CH, Carson RE. Comparison of [ 11C]UCB-J and [ 18F]FDG PET in Alzheimer's disease: A tracer kinetic modeling study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:2395-2409. [PMID: 33757318 PMCID: PMC8393289 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211004312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[11C]UCB-J PET for synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 A (SV2A) has been proposed as a suitable marker for synaptic density in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We compared [11C]UCB-J binding for synaptic density and [18F]FDG uptake for metabolism (correlated with neuronal activity) in 14 AD and 11 cognitively normal (CN) participants. We assessed both absolute and relative outcome measures in brain regions of interest, i.e., K1 or R1 for [11C]UCB-J perfusion, VT (volume of distribution) or DVR to cerebellum for [11C]UCB-J binding to SV2A; and Ki or KiR to cerebellum for [18F]FDG metabolism. [11C]UCB-J binding and [18F]FDG metabolism showed a similar magnitude of reduction in the medial temporal lobe of AD -compared to CN participants. However, the magnitude of reduction of [11C]UCB-J binding in neocortical regions was less than that observed with [18F]FDG metabolism. Inter-tracer correlations were also higher in the medial temporal regions between synaptic density and metabolism, with lower correlations in neocortical regions. [11C]UCB-J perfusion showed a similar pattern to [18F]FDG metabolism, with high inter-tracer regional correlations. In summary, we conducted the first in vivo PET imaging of synaptic density and metabolism in the same AD participants and reported a concordant reduction in medial temporal regions but a discordant reduction in neocortical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Kai Chen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Adam P Mecca
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mika Naganawa
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jean-Dominique Gallezot
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Takuya Toyonaga
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jayanta Mondal
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sjoerd J Finnema
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shu-fei Lin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ryan S O’Dell
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Julia W McDonald
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hannah R Michalak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Brent Vander Wyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nabeel B Nabulsi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Amy FT Arnsten
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Richard E Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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147
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Mecca AP, Rogers K, Jacobs Z, McDonald JW, Michalak HR, DellaGioia N, Zhao W, Hillmer AT, Nabulsi N, Lim K, Ropchan J, Huang Y, Matuskey D, Esterlis I, Carson RE, van Dyck CH. Effect of age on brain metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 measured with [ 18F]FPEB PET. Neuroimage 2021; 238:118217. [PMID: 34052464 PMCID: PMC8378132 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) is integral to the brain glutamatergic system and cognitive function. This study investigated whether aging is associated with decreased brain mGluR5 availability. METHODS Cognitively normal participants (n = 45), aged 18 to 84 years, underwent [18F]FPEB positron emission tomography scans to quantify brain mGluR5. Distribution volume (VT) was computed using a venous or arterial input function and equilibrium modeling from 90 to 120 min. In the primary analysis, the association between age and VT in the hippocampus and association cortex was evaluated using a linear mixed model. Exploratory analyses assessed the association between age and VT in multiple brain regions. The contribution of gray matter tissue alterations and partial volume effects to associations with age was also examined. RESULTS In the primary analysis, older age was associated with lower [18F]FPEB binding to mGluR5 (P = 0.026), whereas this association was not significant after gray matter masking or partial volume correction to account for age-related tissue loss. Post hoc analyses revealed an age-related decline in mGluR5 availability in the hippocampus of 4.5% per decade (P = 0.007) and a non-significant trend in the association cortex (P = 0.085). An exploratory analysis of multiple brain regions revealed broader inverse associations of age with mGluR5 availability, but not after partial volume correction. CONCLUSION Reductions in mGluR5 availability with age appear to be largely mediated by tissue loss. Quantification of [18F]FPEB binding to mGluR5 may expand our understanding of age-related molecular changes and the relationship with brain tissue loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P Mecca
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Yale University School of Medicine, One Church Street, 8th Floor, New Haven, CT, 06514, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Kelly Rogers
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Yale University School of Medicine, One Church Street, 8th Floor, New Haven, CT, 06514, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zachary Jacobs
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Yale University School of Medicine, One Church Street, 8th Floor, New Haven, CT, 06514, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Julia W McDonald
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Yale University School of Medicine, One Church Street, 8th Floor, New Haven, CT, 06514, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hannah R Michalak
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Yale University School of Medicine, One Church Street, 8th Floor, New Haven, CT, 06514, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nicole DellaGioia
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wenzhen Zhao
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Yale University School of Medicine, One Church Street, 8th Floor, New Haven, CT, 06514, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ansel T Hillmer
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Keunpoong Lim
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jim Ropchan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David Matuskey
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Irina Esterlis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christopher H van Dyck
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Yale University School of Medicine, One Church Street, 8th Floor, New Haven, CT, 06514, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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148
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Meder A, Liepelt-Scarfone I, Sulzer P, Berg D, Laske C, Preische O, Desideri D, Zipser CM, Salvadore G, Tatikola K, Timmers M, Ziemann U. Motor cortical excitability and paired-associative stimulation-induced plasticity in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:2264-2273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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149
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Abstract
The use of PET imaging agents in oncology, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disease shows the power of this technique in evaluating the molecular and biological characteristics of numerous diseases. These agents provide crucial information for designing therapeutic strategies for individual patients. Novel PET tracers are in continual development and many have potential use in clinical and research settings. This article discusses the potential applications of tracers in diagnostics, the biological characteristics of diseases, the ability to provide prognostic indicators, and using this information to guide treatment strategies including monitoring treatment efficacy in real time to improve outcomes and survival.
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150
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Fang XT, Toyonaga T, Hillmer AT, Matuskey D, Holmes SE, Radhakrishnan R, Mecca AP, van Dyck CH, D’Souza DC, Esterlis I, Worhunsky PD, Carson RE. Identifying brain networks in synaptic density PET ( 11C-UCB-J) with independent component analysis. Neuroimage 2021; 237:118167. [PMID: 34000404 PMCID: PMC8452380 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human brain is inherently organized into distinct networks, as reported widely by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), which are based on blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal fluctuations. 11C-UCB-J PET maps synaptic density via synaptic vesicle protein 2A, which is a more direct structural measure underlying brain networks than BOLD rs-fMRI. METHODS The aim of this study was to identify maximally independent brain source networks, i.e., "spatial patterns with common covariance across subjects", in 11C-UCB-J data using independent component analysis (ICA), a data-driven analysis method. Using a population of 80 healthy controls, we applied ICA to two 40-sample subsets and compared source network replication across samples. We examined the identified source networks at multiple model orders, as the ideal number of maximally independent components (IC) is unknown. In addition, we investigated the relationship between the strength of the loading weights for each source network and age and sex. RESULTS Thirteen source networks replicated across both samples. We determined that a model order of 18 components provided stable, replicable components, whereas estimations above 18 were not stable. Effects of sex were found in two ICs. Nine ICs showed age-related change, with 4 remaining significant after correction for multiple comparison. CONCLUSION This study provides the first evidence that human brain synaptic density can be characterized into organized covariance patterns. Furthermore, we demonstrated that multiple synaptic density source networks are associated with age, which supports the potential utility of ICA to identify biologically relevant synaptic density source networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian T. Fang
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520, USA,Corresponding author. (X.T. Fang)
| | - Takuya Toyonaga
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ansel T. Hillmer
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David Matuskey
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sophie E. Holmes
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Adam P. Mecca
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christopher H. van Dyck
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Irina Esterlis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Richard E. Carson
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 801 Howard Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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