101
|
Huntington C, Rhoades G. Associations of sexting with dating partners with adolescents’ romantic relationship behaviors and attitudes. SEXUAL AND RELATIONSHIP THERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2021.1931096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Galena Rhoades
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Bianchi D, Morelli M, Baiocco R, Cattelino E, Chirumbolo A. Patterns of love and sexting in teen dating relationships: The moderating role of conflicts. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2021; 2021:133-155. [PMID: 34109733 PMCID: PMC9292559 DOI: 10.1002/cad.20427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
According to the triangular love theory, this study investigated the roles of three components of love (i.e., passion, intimacy, commitment) and the moderating role of conflicts in predicting different forms of sexting (i.e., experimental, nonconsensual, under pressure) in teen dating relationships. Participants were 409 adolescents (Mage = 17.20, SDage = 1.61; 62.6% girls) who completed an online questionnaire. Three moderated regressions were performed. Conflicts positively predicted all forms of sexting. Passion positively predicted experimental sexting. Intimacy negatively predicted experimental and nonconsensual sexting, and positively predicted sexting under pressure. Three interaction effects emerged, pointing out the moderating role of conflicts. Passion positively predicted nonconsensual sexting in the presence of high conflicts, while this relationship became negative when conflicts were low. Commitment negatively predicted nonconsensual sexting and sexting under pressure in the presence of high conflicts, but these relationships were not significant when conflicts were low. Research and applicative implications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dora Bianchi
- Department of Social & Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Morelli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Baiocco
- Department of Social & Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Cattelino
- Department of Human and Social Science, University of Valle d'Aosta, Aosta, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
103
|
Homophobia is online: Sexual victimization and risks on the internet and mental health among bisexual, homosexual, pansexual, asexual, and queer adolescents. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2021.106728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
104
|
Burén J, Holmqvist Gattario K, Lunde C. What Do Peers Think About Sexting? Adolescents’ Views of the Norms Guiding Sexting Behavior. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/07435584211014837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the content of injunctive peer norms (i.e., perceived peer approval) of sexting among Swedish adolescents. Written answers from 808 adolescents ( Mage = 14.22) to an open-ended question about peers’ views of sexting were analyzed qualitatively using content analysis. Eight categories were distinguished for when and why sexting is acceptable or not in the peer group. A substantial share of adolescents believed their peers approve of sexting, especially if sexting occurs within trusted relationships and when all parties have consented. A large share of adolescents described that peers were non-accepting of sexting, emphasizing that it can be spread to others. The participants also suggested that sexting is seen as a gendered phenomenon surrounded by sexual double standards, with girls at more risk of negative consequences. Some participants emphasized the peer view that adolescents sext to seek attention, and some emphasized that sexting is viewed as an enjoyable activity. Several of these categories’ likelihood to be mentioned was related to the adolescents’ age, gender, and prior experience of sexting. We concluded that adolescents might have a hard time navigating the social context of sexting, given the conflicting and gendered messages from peers.
Collapse
|
105
|
Boer S, Erdem Ö, de Graaf H, Götz H. Prevalence and Correlates of Sext-Sharing Among a Representative Sample of Youth in the Netherlands. Front Psychol 2021; 12:655796. [PMID: 34040564 PMCID: PMC8143518 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.655796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many adolescents use their electronic devices to send each other sexually explicit texts, photos, and videos of themselves-commonly known as sexting. This can be fun and is not usually problematic. However, if the intended recipient decides to share these sexts with a broader audience, the consequences for the depicted can be detrimental. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of (non-consensual) sext-sharing among Dutch adolescents and explore the characteristics of those who do, to gain a better understanding of factors involved in dissemination. We used data from "Sex under the age of 25," a representative national survey on sexual health among a sample of 20,834 Dutch 12-24-year-olds. The prevalence of sext-sharing was estimated using Complex Samples. Logistic regressions were used to assess associations between demographics, school-based sexting education, sexual- and online behavior, and mental health and sext-sharing. About 4% of the adolescents reported having shared someone else's sext in the last six months. Being male, aged 12-14 years, frequent social media usage, watching online porn, sexual experience, and being subjected to sext-sharing themselves associated most strongly with sext-sharing. Our findings show that the likelihood of sext-sharing is lower in older adolescents and that it associates with the extent of adolescents' sexual curiosity and online activity. The overlap between sharing sexts of others and having one's own sext shared suggests that dissemination of personal sexual content might be normalized or used as an act of retribution. Further research could be helpful to explain the mechanisms underlying this overlap. The results of this study illustrate the importance of exposing adolescents to evidence based preventive educational interventions on sexting from 12 years onwards and not just within the context of traditional school-based sex education, but also as a part of the (online) media-literacy curriculum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Boer
- Public Health Service Rotterdam-Rijnmond, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Özcan Erdem
- Public Health Service Rotterdam-Rijnmond, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Hannelore Götz
- Public Health Service Rotterdam-Rijnmond, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Soares Cajaiba-Soares AM, Martinez-Silveira MS, Paim Miranda DL, de Cássia Pereira Fernandes R, Reis MG. Healthcare Workers' Knowledge about Chagas Disease: A Systematic Review. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 104:1631-1638. [PMID: 33684063 PMCID: PMC8103490 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmission of Chagas disease (CD) has decreased in recent decades, but the disease remains an important problem in endemic areas. There was an increase in the proportion of nonvector transmission, mainly in non-endemic countries. The aim of this study was to gather evidence concerning healthcare professional's knowledge about CD. Searches were performed through Medline/PubMed, Lilacs, Web of Science databases, and Scielo archives, from which 13/97 articles were selected for a qualitative analysis after full-text reading. Most of the studies were from the United States, the oldest published in 2007 and the most recent in 2020, and most of them used surveys as the evaluation method. Each article used different methods, according to the epidemiological status of vector transmission. Two studies targeted specialty-related questions, and two used focus groups as methods for data gathering. Despite differences between the studies, all of them presented knowledge deficits among healthcare workers, regarding at least one of the evaluated aspects. In comparison with population surveys, healthcare professionals demonstrated higher results related to clinical aspects and awareness of the disease's importance. Most of the articles showed a low perception of CD's knowledge by the participants and a low probability of considering CD in the diagnosis of their patients. A previous contact with the subject was pointed by some studies as capable of improving knowledge of the participants. This study emphasizes the importance of continuing education to address deficits of healthcare professionals' knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mitermayer Galvão Reis
- Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (FAMEB-UFBA), Salvador, Brazil;,Instituto Gonçalo Muniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM-FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil;,Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut,Address correspondence to Mitermayer G. Reis, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Waldemar Falcão Street, 121, Salvador, 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Nobari H, Fashi M, Eskandari A, Villafaina S, Murillo-Garcia Á, Pérez-Gómez J. Effect of COVID-19 on Health-Related Quality of Life in Adolescents and Children: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4563. [PMID: 33923120 PMCID: PMC8123423 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present systematic review was to assess and provide an up-to-date analysis of the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of children and adolescents. Thus, an electronic search of the literature, in two well-known databases (PubMed and Web of Science), was performed until February 2021 (without date restriction). PRISMA guideline methodology was employed and data regarding the HRQoL were extracted from eligible studies. Articles were included if they met the following inclusion criteria: (a) children and/or adolescent population (4 to 19 years old); (b) HRQoL as a main assessment; (c) German, Spanish, Portuguese, French, and English language; and (d) pre-pandemic and during pandemic HRQoL data. Following the initial search, 241 possible related articles were identified. A total of 79 articles were identified as duplicates. Moreover, 129 articles were removed after reading the title and abstract. Of the remaining 33 articles, 27 were removed since they were not focused on children or adolescents (n = 19), articles did not report pre- and post- pandemic HRQoL values (n = 6), articles were not focused on HRQoL (n = 6), and one article was an editorial. Finally, six studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and, therefore, were included in the systematic review. A total of 3177 children and/or adolescents during COVID-19 were included in this systematic review. Three articles showed that COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the HRQoL of children and adolescents, and another did not report comparison between pre- and during COVID-19 pandemic, although a reduction in the HRQoL can be observed. Nevertheless, two articles did not find significant changes and another one did not report p-values. Regarding sex differences, only two studies analyzed this topic, observing no differences between girls and boys in the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on HRQoL. Taking into account these results, this systematic review might confirm that COVID-19 has a negative impact on the HRQoL of children and/or adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Nobari
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-7344, Iran
- HEME Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
| | - Mohamad Fashi
- Department of Biological Sciences in Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 198396-3113, Iran
| | - Arezoo Eskandari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Tehran University, Tehran 1417935840, Iran;
| | - Santos Villafaina
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Av. De Universidad s/n, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (S.V.); (Á.M.-G.)
| | - Álvaro Murillo-Garcia
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Av. De Universidad s/n, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (S.V.); (Á.M.-G.)
| | - Jorge Pérez-Gómez
- HEME Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Ortega-Barón J, González-Cabrera J, Machimbarrena JM, Montiel I. Safety.Net: A Pilot Study on a Multi-Risk Internet Prevention Program. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4249. [PMID: 33923779 PMCID: PMC8073658 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Many programs exist to prevent bullying and cyberbullying. Nevertheless, despite evidence of the numerous overlapping risks of the Internet, programs that jointly and adequately address large sets of risks are not presently described in the scientific literature. This study's main objective was to assess the effectiveness of the Safety.net program in a pilot sample. This program prevents eight Internet risks: cyberbullying, sexting, online grooming, cyber dating abuse, problematic Internet use, nomophobia, Internet gaming disorder, and online gambling disorder. The Safety.net program comprises 16 sessions and 4 modules (digital skills, relational risks, dysfunctional risks, and change of attitudes and cognitions). Each session lasts one hour, but the program has a networked instructional design to recall previous content in later sessions. For its assessment, a pre/post-test repeated measures design with a control group and an intervention group was used. The study sample was 165 adolescents between 11 and 14 years old (M = 12.11, SD = 0.89). The intervention group demonstrated improvements compared to the control group concerning online grooming, problematic Internet use, Internet gaming disorder, and nomophobia. These results suggest that the Safety.net program is effective in preventing the increase of most of the assessed risks and that it reduces some of them with a small number of sessions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Ortega-Barón
- Faculty of Education, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR), Avenida de la Paz, 137, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (J.O.-B.); (I.M.)
| | - Joaquín González-Cabrera
- Faculty of Education, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR), Avenida de la Paz, 137, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (J.O.-B.); (I.M.)
| | - Juan M. Machimbarrena
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Avenida de Tolosa, 70, 20018 Donostia, Spain;
| | - Irene Montiel
- Faculty of Education, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR), Avenida de la Paz, 137, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (J.O.-B.); (I.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Foody M, Mazzone A, Laffan DA, Loftsson M, O'Higgins Norman J. “It's not just sexy pics”: An investigation into sexting behaviour and behavioural problems in adolescents. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
110
|
Van Ouytsel J, Walrave M, De Marez L, Vanhaelewyn B, Ponnet K. Sexting, pressured sexting and image-based sexual abuse among a weighted-sample of heterosexual and LGB-youth. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
111
|
Perceived Challenges and Online Harms from Social Media Use on a Severity Continuum: A Qualitative Psychological Stakeholder Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063227. [PMID: 33804723 PMCID: PMC8003875 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that problematic use of gaming, the internet, and social media among adolescents is on the rise, affecting multiple psycho-emotional domains. However, research providing a comprehensive and triangulated stakeholder perspective of perceived harms is lacking. How are adolescent online harms experienced and conceptualized by students, parents, and teachers? The present study comprised part of a qualitative needs assessment investigation with the use of focus groups and individual interviews among key stakeholder groups assessing perceived impacts with a focus on the negative consequences and perceived harms. The study’s sample consisted of students (N = 42, Mage = 13.5, SD = 2.3), parents (N = 9, Mage = 37, SD = 5.6) and teachers (N = 9, Mage = 34, SD = 4.9) from the UK. Data were analysed with thematic analysis. Findings focused primarily on social media use impacts and indicated that processes underlying impacts experienced by adolescents may be conceptualized on a severity continuum. Stakeholder consensus on perceptions of challenges and perceived harms formed the second theme, with impacts further analysed as relating to time displacement, peer judgement, sensory overload and context of the adolescent with functional (performance, task switching, use of multiple devices), cognitive (loss or deterioration of attentional focus, attention deficit), and emotional consequences (stress, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive/checking behaviours). A third theme formed was individual vulnerabilities predisposing poor mental health outcomes. The final theme related to impacts dependent on context and meaning attached. Findings suggest a consideration of a spectrum approach encompassing a broader range of potential psychological challenges and perceived harms beyond safety concerns and addiction in understanding problematic adolescent online experiences. Understanding perceived harms can aid the objective setting of interventions and consideration of mental health literacy in school curricula.
Collapse
|
112
|
Lu Y, Baumler E, Temple JR. Multiple Forms of Sexting and Associations with Psychosocial Health in Early Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052760. [PMID: 33803243 PMCID: PMC7967483 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the recent surge of sexting research, the link between sexting and psychosocial health remains inconclusive. To address this gap in the literature, we examined the link between multiple forms of sexting and a range of psychosocial health problems. Data were from a randomized controlled trial of a school-based dating violence prevention program. Participants were 2199 early adolescents (49.8% female) aged 14 years and under (mean age = 13.53, SD = 0.50) enrolled in middle-schools in southeast Texas. Participants self-reported to be 35.4% Hispanic, 7.9% Non-Hispanic White, 26.2% Non-Hispanic Black, 18.6% Asian, and 11.9% other. Multilevel multivariate regressions found that pressured sexting was associated with hostility and aggressive temperament. Receiving unsolicited sexts was associated with depression, impulsivity, hostility, emotion dysregulation, and aggressive temperament. Forwarding sexts without permission was linked to hostility. Asking someone for sexts was linked to impulsivity and aggressive temperament, while being asked to send a sext was associated with depression, anxiety, impulsivity, hostility, emotion dysregulation, and aggressive temperament. Finally, consensual sexting was not significantly associated with poor psychosocial health of any type. Interventions should focus on preventing pressured sexting and teaching early adolescents on how to respond to being pressured to sext.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Elizabeth Baumler
- Center for Violence Prevention, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (E.B.); (J.R.T.)
| | - Jeff R. Temple
- Center for Violence Prevention, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (E.B.); (J.R.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Mori C, Choi HJ, Temple JR, Madigan S. Patterns of sexting and sexual behaviors in youth: A Latent Class Analysis. J Adolesc 2021; 88:97-106. [PMID: 33684725 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A sizable minority of youth are sexting; however there are likely large individual differences in sexting and sexual behaviors, yet to be captured. A Latent Class Analysis was used to identify subgroups of youth characterized by differential engagement in sexting and sexual behaviors. METHODS Participants were an ethnically diverse sample of 894 youth (55.8% female; Mage = 17.04, SD = 0.77) from a longitudinal survey study in southeast Texas. Latent classes were identified through participants' responses to the following indicator variables: sending, receiving, and requesting sexts, sexual activity, contraception use, ≥ three partners, and substance use prior to sexual activity. Gender, ethnicity, impulsivity, and living situation were analyzed as predictors, and depressive symptoms as an outcome, of class membership. RESULTS The analysis revealed four distinct classes: No sexting-Low sex (42.2%), Sexting-Low sex (4.5%), No sexting-Moderately risky sex (28.3%), and Sexting-Moderately risky sex (24.9%). Gender and ethnicity predicted class membership wherein females and ethnic minority youth were less likely to be in groups displaying higher rates of sexting. Impulsivity and living situation predicted class membership, such that youth reporting higher impulsivity and living in a situation other than with two biological parents were less likely to be in classes displaying low sexting and sexual behaviors. Group membership predicted depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that not all youth who are sexting are having sex, and not all youth who are having sex are sexting. Evidence of individual differences in youth sexual behaviors should inform educational initiatives aimed at teaching youth about sexual and online health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Mori
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Hye Jeong Choi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Missouri, 701 S. 5th St., Columbia, 65211, USA
| | - Jeff R Temple
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, UTMB Health, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Morelli M, Urbini F, Bianchi D, Baiocco R, Cattelino E, Laghi F, Sorokowski P, Misiak M, Dziekan M, Hudson H, Marshall A, Nguyen TTT, Mark L, Kopecky K, Szotkowski R, Toplu Demirtaş E, Van Ouytsel J, Ponnet K, Walrave M, Zhu T, Chen Y, Zhao N, Liu X, Voiskounsky A, Bogacheva N, Ioannou M, Synnott J, Tzani-Pepelasi K, Balakrishnan V, Okumu M, Small E, Pavlova Nikolova S, Drouin M, Chirumbolo A. The Relationship between Dark Triad Personality Traits and Sexting Behaviors among Adolescents and Young Adults across 11 Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052526. [PMID: 33806314 PMCID: PMC7967332 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Sexting is an increasingly common phenomenon among adolescents and young adults. Some studies have investigated the role of personality traits in different sexting behaviors within mainstream personality taxonomies like Big Five and HEXACO. However, very few studies have investigated the role of maladaptive personality factors in sexting. Therefore, the present study investigated the relationship between Dark Triad Personality Traits and experimental (i.e., sharing own sexts), risky (i.e., sexting under substance use and with strangers), and aggravated sexting (i.e., non-consensual sexting and sexting under pressure) across 11 countries. Methods: An online survey was completed by 6093 participants (Mage = 20.35; SDage = 3.63) from 11 different countries which covered four continents (Europe, Asia, Africa, and America). Participants completed the Sexting Behaviors Questionnaire and the 12-item Dark Triad Dirty Dozen scale. Results: Hierarchical regression analyses showed that sharing own sexts was positively predicted by Machiavellianism and Narcissism. Both risky and aggravated sexting were positively predicted by Machiavellianism and Psychopathy. Conclusions: The present study provided empirical evidence that different sexting behaviors were predicted by Dark Triad Personality Traits, showing a relevant role of Machiavellianism in all kinds of investigated sexting behaviors. Research, clinical, and education implications for prevention programs are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mara Morelli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+39-06-4991-7677
| | - Flavio Urbini
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.U.); (A.C.)
| | - Dora Bianchi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.B.); (R.B.); (F.L.)
| | - Roberto Baiocco
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.B.); (R.B.); (F.L.)
| | - Elena Cattelino
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Valle D’Aosta, 11100 Aosta, Italy;
| | - Fiorenzo Laghi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.B.); (R.B.); (F.L.)
| | - Piotr Sorokowski
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, 50-527 Wrocław, Poland; (P.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Michal Misiak
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, 50-527 Wrocław, Poland; (P.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Martyna Dziekan
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Adam Mickiewicz University, 60-658 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Heather Hudson
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR 72035, USA;
| | - Alexandra Marshall
- College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Thanh Truc T. Nguyen
- College of Education, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; (T.T.T.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Lauren Mark
- College of Education, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; (T.T.T.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Kamil Kopecky
- Centre for Prevention of Risky Virtual Communication, Palacky University Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (R.S.)
| | - René Szotkowski
- Centre for Prevention of Risky Virtual Communication, Palacky University Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Ezgi Toplu Demirtaş
- Psychological Counseling and Guidance, MEF University, Istanbul 34396, Turkey;
| | - Joris Van Ouytsel
- Department of Communication Studies, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (J.V.O.); (M.W.)
- Hugh Downs School of Human Communication, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Koen Ponnet
- Department of Communication Sciences, imec-mict-Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Michel Walrave
- Department of Communication Studies, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (J.V.O.); (M.W.)
| | - Tingshao Zhu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China; (T.Z.); (Y.C.); (N.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Ya Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China; (T.Z.); (Y.C.); (N.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Nan Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China; (T.Z.); (Y.C.); (N.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China; (T.Z.); (Y.C.); (N.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Alexander Voiskounsky
- Department of General Psychology, Lomonosow Moscow State University, 101000 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Nataliya Bogacheva
- Department of Pedagogy and Medical Psychology, Sechenov University, 101000 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Maria Ioannou
- Department of Psychology, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK; (M.I.); (J.S.); (K.T.-P.)
| | - John Synnott
- Department of Psychology, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK; (M.I.); (J.S.); (K.T.-P.)
| | - Kalliopi Tzani-Pepelasi
- Department of Psychology, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK; (M.I.); (J.S.); (K.T.-P.)
| | - Vimala Balakrishnan
- Department of Information System, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Moses Okumu
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Eusebius Small
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA;
| | - Silviya Pavlova Nikolova
- Department of Social Medicine and Healthcare Organization, Medical University-Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria;
| | - Michelle Drouin
- Department of Psychology, Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN 46805, USA;
| | - Antonio Chirumbolo
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.U.); (A.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Longobardi C, Fabris MA, Prino LE, Settanni M. The Role of Body Image Concerns in Online Sexual Victimization among Female Adolescents: The Mediating Effect of Risky Online Behaviors. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2021; 14:51-60. [PMID: 33708282 PMCID: PMC7900261 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-020-00301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Female adolescents are particularly at risk of body image concerns. These individuals tend to make greater use of Social Networks and this could lead adolescents into behaviors that increase the risk of online sexual victimization (OSV). This cross-sectional study seeks to investigate the relation between body image concerns and OSV in a sample of female adolescents (n = 229) and the mediating role of three types of risky online behaviors in this link. Body image concerns predict OSV both directly and indirectly. Two of the three risky online behaviors proved to be mediators of the indirect link, namely: indiscriminate expansion of online network of contacts; and willingness to have relationships with strangers met online. Surprisingly, the third behavior, Sexting and Exhibitionism, was not shown to be a mediating factor between body image concerns and OSV. From our results emerges that adolescent girls with a negative body perception have a higher risk of OSV, and the relation between the two variables can be mediated by some risky online behaviors. It is likely that female adolescents use SNs more and adopt risky online behaviors in order to receive gratification and reassurance about their negative body image.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Longobardi
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Verdi 10, 10124 Turin, TO Italy
| | - M A Fabris
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Verdi 10, 10124 Turin, TO Italy
| | - L E Prino
- Department of Philosophy and Educational Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - M Settanni
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Verdi 10, 10124 Turin, TO Italy
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Graham Holmes L, Nilssen AR, Cann D, Strassberg DS. A sex-positive mixed methods approach to sexting experiences among college students. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
117
|
Slane A, Martin J, Rimer JR. Views and Attitudes about Youth Self-Produced Sexual Images among Professionals with Expertise in Child Sexual Abuse. JOURNAL OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE 2021; 30:207-229. [PMID: 33586639 DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2021.1875095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation of youth self-produced sexual images (SPSI) raises complex practice challenges for professionals supporting victims of sexual abuse. This paper examines the views and perspectives about youth SPSI among professionals with expertise in child sexual abuse, who in the course of a study on child sexual abuse images, commonly raised SPSI without prompting. Eighty-four participants from three professional sectors (Internet child exploitation law enforcement, child protection, and children's mental health) took part in 12 focus groups, the analysis of which indicates that most participants regarded youth SPSI as a complex social phenomenon, and had trouble fitting it into their existing professional expertise. Participants were immersed in larger cultural narratives about youth sexual agency, the dangers of constantly evolving technology, and the digital age compounding generational differences. Lack of clarity about when and whether a young person requires support and/or legal intervention arose from a tangled web of punitive, permissive, and ambivalent perspectives on youth SPSI. Professionals experienced with victims of sexual abuse focused on SPSI as opposed to child abuse images, and struggled to distinguish between what is normal versus problematic youth sexuality in the digital age, confounding efforts to settle on appropriate legal and support responses and interventions.
Collapse
|
118
|
Fix RL, Assini-Meytin LC, Harris AJ, Letourneau EJ. Caregivers' Perceptions and Responses to a New Norm: The Missing Link in Addressing Adolescent Sexting Behaviors in the U.S. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:575-588. [PMID: 32337659 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Youth sharing of self- or peer-produced sexual content via electronic communications, dubbed by the media as "sexting" (i.e., sexting behaviors), has generated concern among a wide variety of adult stakeholders in the U.S. Experts recognize the need to integrate perspectives and knowledge about adolescents' sexting behaviors from individuals who interact with adolescents (e.g., their caregivers) to inform the development of prevention policy and practice. The present study fills this gap by interviewing 10 separate groups of caregivers in three different states, with the sole focus on adolescent sexting behaviors. Results indicated seven themes: (1) characteristics of adolescent sexting behaviors, (2) influences on sexting behaviors, (3) communication about sexting behaviors, (4) gender and sexting behaviors, (5) sociohistorical conditions and sexting behaviors, (6) consequences of sexting behaviors, and (7) ways to address sexting behaviors; multiple themes emerged within each of the seven parent codes. Findings inform the need to integrate adolescent sexting behaviors into comprehensive sexual education curricula and to develop educational content on adolescent sexting behaviors for adolescents and caregivers in online and printable handout formats. Clearly defining sexting and norms around sexting are of particular importance in such educational materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Fix
- Department of Mental Health, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 415 N. Washington Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
| | - Luciana C Assini-Meytin
- Department of Mental Health, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 415 N. Washington Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Andrew J Harris
- School of Criminology and Justice Studies, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Letourneau
- Department of Mental Health, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 415 N. Washington Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Lee JR, Darcy KM. Sexting: What's Law Got to Do with It? ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:563-573. [PMID: 32445133 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01727-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Sexting, the phenomenon commonly defined as the sending, receiving, and forwarding of nude, semi-nude, or sexually explicit images within digital forms of communication, is a practice that has received heightened public attention. While many scholars consider consensual sexting to be innocuous and a normative part of development, the potential for youth engagement to result in instances of cyberbullying, revenge porn, and child pornography has ignited public fear and anxiety, resulting in a messy patchwork of legal responses that often yield disproportionately punitive responses. Upon exploring the legal parameters surrounding youth sexting in Canada, this paper will argue that while the logic of the current legislation in protecting youth from harm is appropriate, its method of implementation is misguided. The legal reform advocated here calls upon child pornography and online harm laws only when the case involves an adult perpetrator, and suggests a more nuanced, graduated juvenile scheme when the behavior involves youth sexting participants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ree Lee
- School of Criminal Justice, Michigan State University, 655 Auditorium Road, Baker Hall Rm 138, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Kathleen M Darcy
- School of Criminal Justice, Michigan State University, 655 Auditorium Road, Baker Hall Rm 138, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
The risk of sexual-erotic online behavior in adolescents – Which personality factors predict sexting and grooming victimization? COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
121
|
Molla-Esparza C, Losilla JM, López-González E. Prevalence of sending, receiving and forwarding sexts among youths: A three-level meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243653. [PMID: 33284862 PMCID: PMC7721144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
By systematic review with a three-level, mixed-effects meta-analysis, this paper examines the prevalence of sexting experiences among youths aimed at analyzing conceptual and methodological moderators that might explain its heterogeneity. A search was conducted of five bibliographic databases and grey literature up until February 2020. The risk of bias in primary studies was assessed. A total of seventy-nine articles met the set inclusion criteria. Mean prevalences for sending, receiving and forwarding sexts were .14 (95% CI: .12, .17), .31 (95% CI: .26, .36) and .07 (95% CI: .05, .09), respectively, expressed as fractions over one. Moderator analyses showed that all sexting experiences increased with age (e.g., the mean prevalence for sending sexts at the age of 12 was .04, whereas, at the age of 16, it was .21) and year of data collection (e.g., the mean prevalence for sending sexts in studies collecting data in 2009 was .07, whereas, in studies collecting data in 2018, it was .33). Subgroup analysis revealed that studies with probabilistic samples led to significantly lower mean prevalences for the sexting experiences of sending (.08, 95% CI: .06, .11), receiving (.19, 95% CI: .15, .24) and forwarding sexts (.04, 95% CI: .03, .07). Self-reported administration procedures also led to more homogeneous prevalence estimates than interviews. Prevalence estimates also varied according to the type of media content (e.g., the mean prevalence for sending sexual text messages was .22, whereas, for sending sexual images or videos, it was .12). Overall, our meta-analysis results suggest high and increasing prevalences of sending and receiving sexts among youths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Molla-Esparza
- Department of Research Methods and Educational Diagnosis, University of Valencia, UVEG, Valencia, Spain
| | - Josep-Maria Losilla
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Science, Autonomous University of Barcelona, UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emelina López-González
- Department of Research Methods and Educational Diagnosis, University of Valencia, UVEG, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Joleby M, Lunde C, Landström S, Jonsson LS. "All of Me Is Completely Different": Experiences and Consequences Among Victims of Technology-Assisted Child Sexual Abuse. Front Psychol 2020; 11:606218. [PMID: 33365004 PMCID: PMC7750528 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.606218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to gain a first-person perspective on the experiences of technology-assisted child sexual abuse (TA-CSA), and a deeper understanding of the way it may affect its victims. Seven young women (aged 17–24) with experience of TA-CSA before the age of 18 participated in individual in-depth interviews. The interviews were teller-focused with the aim of capturing the interviewee’s own story about how they made sense of their experiences over time, and what impact the victimization had on them in the short and long terms. Thematic analysis of the interviews revealed a broad range of abusive experiences that had profoundly impacted the individuals’ lives, health and self-concepts. Three dominant themes emerged from the analysis – From thrilling to abusive, Negative effect on health and wellbeing, and A new self after the abuse. From thrilling to abusive captures the wide range of experiences described, starting from the child’s own sexual curiosity to descriptions of having been manipulated or threatened into engaging in sexual activity, as well as the sometimes long and complex process of understanding the severity of one’s experiences. Negative effect on health and wellbeing describes the victimization’s comprehensive impact on the life and health of the participants, how they blamed themselves for what had happened, and the struggle of having to live with the constant fear of pictures from the abuse resurfacing. A new self after the abuse depicts how the victimization impacted the way participants viewed and thought about themselves in relation to others, and distorted their views of their bodies. The findings are discussed in relation to previous research on both offline CSA and TA-CSA, as well as theoretical and practical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malin Joleby
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Carolina Lunde
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Sara Landström
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Linda S Jonsson
- Department of Social Sciences, Ersta Sköndal Bräcke University College, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Raine G, Khouja C, Scott R, Wright K, Sowden AJ. Pornography use and sexting amongst children and young people: a systematic overview of reviews. Syst Rev 2020; 9:283. [PMID: 33280603 PMCID: PMC7720575 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-020-01541-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young people's use of pornography and participation in sexting are commonly viewed as harmful behaviours. This paper reports findings from a 'review of reviews', which aimed to systematically identify and synthesise the evidence on pornography and sexting amongst young people. Here, we focus specifically on the evidence relating to young people's use of pornography; involvement in sexting; and their beliefs, attitudes, behaviours and wellbeing to better understand potential harms and benefits, and identify where future research is required. METHODS We searched five health and social science databases; searches for grey literature were also performed. Review quality was assessed and findings synthesised narratively. RESULTS Eleven reviews of quantitative and/or qualitative studies were included. A relationship was identified between pornography use and more permissive sexual attitudes. An association between pornography use and stronger gender-stereotypical sexual beliefs was also reported, but not consistently. Similarly, inconsistent evidence of an association between pornography use and sexting and sexual behaviour was identified. Pornography use has been associated with various forms of sexual violence, aggression and harassment, but the relationship appears complex. Girls, in particular, may experience coercion and pressure to engage in sexting and suffer more negative consequences than boys if sexts become public. Positive aspects to sexting were reported, particularly in relation to young people's personal relationships. CONCLUSIONS We identified evidence from reviews of varying quality that linked pornography use and sexting amongst young people to specific beliefs, attitudes and behaviours. However, evidence was often inconsistent and mostly derived from observational studies using a cross-sectional design, which precludes establishing any causal relationship. Other methodological limitations and evidence gaps were identified. More rigorous quantitative studies and greater use of qualitative methods are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary Raine
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, Second floor, Alcuin B Block, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Claire Khouja
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, Second floor, Alcuin B Block, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Rachel Scott
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Room 148, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Kath Wright
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, Second floor, Alcuin B Block, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Amanda J Sowden
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, Second floor, Alcuin B Block, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Morelli M, Chirumbolo A, Bianchi D, Baiocco R, Cattelino E, Laghi F, Sorokowski P, Misiak M, Dziekan M, Hudson H, Marshall A, Nguyen TTT, Mark L, Kopecky K, Szotkowski R, Demirtaş ET, Van Ouytsel J, Ponnet K, Walrave M, Zhu T, Chen Y, Zhao N, Liu X, Voiskounsky A, Bogacheva N, Ioannou M, Synnott J, Tzani-Pepelasi K, Balakrishnan V, Okumu M, Small E, Nikolova SP, Drouin M. The role of HEXACO personality traits in different kinds of sexting:A cross-cultural study in 10 countries. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
125
|
Colasanto M, Madigan S, Korczak DJ. Depression and inflammation among children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2020; 277:940-948. [PMID: 33065836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that youth with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) exhibit early indicators of cardiovascular disease. A leading hypothesized mechanism of this association is via inflammatory pathways, however, results examining this direct association are mixed. Our objective was to synthesize and quantify observational studies examining the association of depression and inflammation among children and adolescents. METHODS Electronic searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and Scopus, yielding 2,757 non-duplicate records from 1946 to 2019. The included studies measured depression or depressive symptoms and examined its association with inflammation in participants younger than 18 years. All relevant articles were reviewed and data extracted by two independent coders. Estimates were examined by using random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS Twenty-two studies (20,791 participants) were included. Significant associations were observed between concurrent depression and CRP (n = 7; r = 0.12; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.04 to 0.19), and IL-6 (n = 7; r = 0.17; 95% CI= 0.10 to 0.24). Longitudinal analyses revealed that depression is a significant predictor of IL-6 (n = 3; r = 0.29; 95% CI= 0.04 to 0.50) and conversely, that inflammation (measured by CRP or IL-6) predicts future depression (n = 4; r = 0.04; 95% CI= 0.00 to 0.08). LIMITATIONS Results are limited by the small number of studies preventing examination of some moderator variables. Findings are correlational, not causal. CONCLUSION Depression is positively associated with concurrent and future inflammation among children and adolescents. Results suggest that bidirectional associations may exist between depression and a pro-inflammatory state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Colasanto
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sheri Madigan
- University of Calgary, Calgary, ON, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Daphne J Korczak
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Nelson D, Schulte T, Packman W, Bunge E. Sexting and mandatory reporting: ethical issues in youth psychotherapy. ETHICS & BEHAVIOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2020.1835482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - E.L. Bunge
- Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Abstract
The problematic overuse of electronic devices, in particular smartphones, is negatively affecting the lives of American youth. Cell phone technology has advanced its capabilities with smartphones to now easily provide children and teens with endless access to the internet, social media, and other online activities. Research is showing that addictive, smart phone activities of youth in their formative years is directly impacting their wellbeing. The excessive time youth spend on their smartphones results in less human interaction, sleep, exercise, and productivity, as well as, increased risk of exposure to inappropriate or violent online media, anxiety, and depression. The purpose of this column is to explore the potential behavioral and developmental problems in youth related to the problematic overuse of the smartphone; inform the importance of monitoring and controlling indiscriminate youth use of technology, and the approaches pediatric nurses can employ to guide youth and their families to prevent negative outcomes for this evolving public health problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Solecki
- Drexel University, College of Nursing and Health Professions, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Molla Esparza C, Nájera P, López-González E, Losilla JM. Development and Validation of the Adolescent Sexting Scale (A-SextS) with a Spanish Sample. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17218042. [PMID: 33142818 PMCID: PMC7663141 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
“Sexting” is generally defined as the exchange of sexual media content via the internet. However, research on this topic has underscored the need to seek greater consensus when considering different conceptual elements that make up this definition. The aim of this study was to develop and validate an instrument for measuring sexting among adolescents, in order to cover a gap identified in the previous literature. The Adolescent Sexting Scale (A-SextS for short) was developed for validation on a sample of 579 Spanish secondary school pupils between the ages of 11 and 18. Evidence for face, content, concurrent, and criterion validity were assessed. A comprehensive set of 64 items, covering six defining characteristics of sexting (e.g., actions, recipient, media format, degree of sexual explicitness), was constructed after conducting an extensive literature review, two discussion groups, and a pilot study. Sexting prevalence rates measured by A-SextS were mostly concurrent with those found in previous studies. A-SextS subscales produced statistically significant positive associations with pornography consumption and physical sexual intercourse. The study shows that A-SextS can be an integrating instrument that facilitates a rigorous and comprehensive assessment of adolescent sexting experiences, as well as the formulation of an operationalized definition of the practice of sexting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Molla Esparza
- Department of Research Methods and Educational Diagnosis, Faculty of Philosophy and Educational Sciences, University of Valencia, Avenida Blasco Ibáñez 30, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Pablo Nájera
- Department of Social Psychology and Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Cantoblanco Campus, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Emelina López-González
- Department of Research Methods and Educational Diagnosis, Faculty of Philosophy and Educational Sciences, University of Valencia, Avenida Blasco Ibáñez 30, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Josep-Maria Losilla
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Carrer Fortuna Edifici B, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Van Ouytsel J, Walrave M, De Marez L, Vanhaelewyn B, Ponnet K. A first investigation into gender minority adolescents' sexting experiences. J Adolesc 2020; 84:213-218. [PMID: 33007516 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gender minority adolescents, such as transgender, gender nonconforming, gender diverse and non-binary youth, may face unique challenges with regard to online sexual communication. They may be especially vulnerable for sexting-related risks. The aim of this study is to explore the sexting experiences of gender minority youth among a school-based sample. METHODS This brief exploratory study reports on a survey that was conducted among 1293 respondents with an average age of 14.79 years old (SD = 1.97) in the Dutch-speaking area of Belgium, and compares engagement in sexting experiences between cisgender and gender minority youth. RESULTS The results of our exploratory study show that gender minority adolescents were more likely to have ever been pressured to send a sexting image. There were no significant differences with regard to receiving sexts, or receiving forwarded sexts. None of the gender minority youth reported that they had forwarded a sexting image from someone else, as opposed to 9.3% of cisgender youth who had forwarded a sext. CONCLUSIONS Despite the explorative nature of our study, the results suggest that gender minority youth may be at an increased risk to experience sexting-related pressure. Additional research is needed to investigate the sexting experiences of gender minority adolescents. Gender minority youth may benefit from education about safer sexting, and specifically ways to cope with sexting-related pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joris Van Ouytsel
- Department of Communication Studies, MIOS, University of Antwerp, Sint-Jacobsstraat 2, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Michel Walrave
- Department of Communication Studies, MIOS, University of Antwerp, Sint-Jacobsstraat 2, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Lieven De Marez
- Department of Communication Studies, IMEC-MICT-Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Bart Vanhaelewyn
- Department of Communication Studies, IMEC-MICT-Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Koen Ponnet
- Department of Communication Studies, IMEC-MICT-Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Cornelius TL, Bell KM, Kistler T, Drouin M. Consensual Sexting among College Students: The Interplay of Coercion and Intimate Partner Aggression in Perceived Consequences of Sexting. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197141. [PMID: 33003567 PMCID: PMC7579237 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent empirical data suggests that the majority of adolescents and emerging adults utilize digital technology to engage with texting and social media on a daily basis, with many using these mediums to engage in sexting (sending sexual texts, pictures, or videos via digital mediums). While research in the last decade has disproportionately focused on the potential risk factors and negative consequences associated with sexting, the data are limited by failing to differentiate consensual from non-consensual sexting and account for potential influences of intimate partner aggression (IPA) and sexting coercion in these contexts. In the current study, we assessed the positive and negative consequences associated with sexting, using behavioral theory as a framework, to determine the relationship between an individual's personal history of IPA victimization and the perceived consequences. Undergraduate students (N = 536) who reported consensual sexting completed a series of measures examining their most recent sexting experience, including perceived sexting consequences, and their history of sexting coercion and IPA. Results suggested that those reporting a history of any type of IPA victimization endorsed more negative reinforcing consequences after sending a sext, and those with a history of physical or sexual IPA victimization endorsed more punishing consequences after sending a sext than those without such history. Additionally, experience with IPA was found to be positively correlated with perceived pressure/coercion to send a sext. The implications of these data for research, policy, prevention, and intervention are explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tara L. Cornelius
- Department of Psychology, Grand Valley State University, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI 49401, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Kathryn M. Bell
- Department of Psychology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada;
| | - Tylor Kistler
- Department of Psychology, Grand Valley State University, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI 49401, USA;
| | - Michelle Drouin
- Department of Psychology, Purdue University-Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN 46805, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Adigun OT. Self-esteem, self-efficacy, self-concept and intimate image diffusion among deaf adolescents: A structural equation model analysis. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04742. [PMID: 32885078 PMCID: PMC7452541 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the role of self-esteem, self-efficacy and self-concept on intimate image diffusion among in-school deaf adolescents in Lagos, Nigeria. The theory of planned behaviour served as a framework for the study. Data was collected through structured questionnaire from 276 (male = 39.5%; female = 60.5%) in-school deaf adolescents from five senior secondary (3 integrated and 2 inclusive). Data generated were analysed with IBM SPSS 22 and IBM AMOS 26.0 packages. Mean age of participants was ±16.5, all participants use WhatsApp while 71.7% had Facebook profile. It was observed that all the fit measures of the SEM fell within the acceptable range (χ2 = 104.34, df = 39, χ2/df = 2.67, GFI = 0.92, CFI = 0.91, NFI = 0.93, IFI = 0.91 and RMSEA = 0.54). According to the findings, self-esteem and self-efficacy had a positive and direct relationship with intimate image diffusion while a negative but direct link exists between self-concept and intimate image diffusion among deaf adolescents. Based on the finding, an appropriate recommendation was made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olufemi Timothy Adigun
- Department of Educational Psychology and Special Education, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Laird JJ, Klettke B, Hall K, Clancy E, Hallford D. Demographic and Psychosocial Factors Associated With Child Sexual Exploitation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e2017682. [PMID: 32960280 PMCID: PMC7509625 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.17682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Although research has examined factors associated with child sexual exploitation (CSE), consensus is lacking in regard to which factors should be prioritized, thereby hindering policy reform, prevention efforts, and development of early detection and intervention. OBJECTIVE To provide a meta-analytic synthesis of studies examining factors associated with CSE and to quantify their relative importance. DATA SOURCES Electronic databases searched to June 2019 included Medline, PsycINFO, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EMBASE, and Informit, yielding 396 nonduplicative records. Literature search was performed in July 2019. STUDY SELECTION Inclusion criteria were quantitative investigations of sexual exploitation and mean sample age of 18 years or younger. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Literature review and data extraction followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Thirty-seven studies met final inclusion criteria. Two independent reviewers extracted all relevant data. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to derive odds ratios (ORs) for each factor. Data were analyzed from September 1 to October 28, 2019, and prediction intervals calculated in June 2020. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Child sexual exploitation, defined as coerced sexual acts between a child or a young person (aged ≤18 years) and an individual or a group in exchange for money, gifts, substances, or other commodities and associated factors. RESULTS Thirty-seven unique studies were included with a total of 67 453 unique participants (mean [SD] age of 16.2 [2.5] years; 49.9% female). Fifty-two factors associated with CSE were included in the meta-analysis. The strongest factors significantly associated with exposure to sexual exploitation were engagement in sexual risk behaviors (OR, 6.31 [95% CI, 3.12-12.76]; P < .001), having more than 5 sexual partners (OR, 5.96 [95% CI, 1.63-21.87]; P = .007), a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (OR, 5.29 [95% CI, 3.40-8.22]; P < .001), historical exposure to child pornography (OR, 5.50 [95% CI, 0.99-30.53]; P = .049), and a history of childhood sexual abuse (OR, 3.80 [95% CI, 3.19-4.52]; P < .001). A number of other potentially modifiable factors had moderate to strong associations. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this systematic review and meta-analysis, children and adolescents affected by sexual exploitation showed high levels of sexual risk taking, multiple sexual partners, posttraumatic stress disorder, exposure to child pornography, and childhood trauma. Accurate detection of CSE may prevent this type of sexual violence occurring to adolescents and/or provide opportunities for intervention and recovery. Therefore, prevention and intervention efforts will likely benefit from integrating these factors into screening, assessment, and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J. Laird
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Bianca Klettke
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
- Center for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Kate Hall
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
- Addictive and Anti-Social Behaviour Research, Deakin University Centre for Drug Use, Geelong, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Clancy
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
- Center for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - David Hallford
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Lin L, Xu C. Arcsine-based transformations for meta-analysis of proportions: Pros, cons, and alternatives. Health Sci Rep 2020; 3:e178. [PMID: 32728636 PMCID: PMC7384291 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Meta-analyses have been increasingly used to synthesize proportions (eg, disease prevalence) from multiple studies in recent years. Arcsine-based transformations, especially the Freeman-Tukey double-arcsine transformation, are popular tools for stabilizing the variance of each study's proportion in two-step meta-analysis methods. Although they offer some benefits over the conventional logit transformation, they also suffer from several important limitations (eg, lack of interpretability) and may lead to misleading conclusions. Generalized linear mixed models and Bayesian models are intuitive one-step alternative approaches, and can be readily implemented via many software programs. This article explains various pros and cons of the arcsine-based transformations, and discusses the alternatives that may be generally superior to the currently popular practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Lin
- Department of StatisticsFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFlorida
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Population MedicineCollege of Medicine, Qatar UniversityDohaQatar
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
When Sexting Crosses the Line: Educator Responsibilities in the Support of Prosocial Adolescent Behavior and the Prevention of Violence. SOCIAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci9090150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents findings from a systematic literature review that examined various forms of adolescent sexting, and as relevant to educator responsibilities in the support of prosocial behavior and teen dating violence (TDV) prevention within the United States. Proceeding in three parts, part one documents study methodology and offers an overview of adolescent sexting. This section also discusses tensions between sexting as adolescent empowerment and as a form of dating violence. This is followed by a deeper examination of how adolescent sexting is connected to other forms of sexual violence documented to disproportionately affect heterosexual females. Though laws on sexting are minimal, part three discusses U.S. federal and Supreme Court guidance having particular significance for this issue. This section also presents the case of New York State (NYS) to consider the connection between localized policies and schooling practices. Concerned with sexting as a form of consensual adolescent behavior, this article concludes with considerations for educational research, policy, and practice. This article contributes to established research literature weighing the prosocial aspects of sexting against those factors that contribute to and make it difficult to leave a violent relationship. Though empirical research was limited, it also highlights existent research on sexting as relevant to underserved and marginalized adolescent subgroups.
Collapse
|
135
|
Glowacz F, Goblet M. Sexting à l’adolescence : des frontières
de l’intimité du couple à l’extimité à risque. ENFANCES, FAMILLES, GÉNÉRATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.7202/1070310ar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadre de la recherche : À l’adolescence,
les relations amoureuses jouent un rôle significatif et offrent un espace où les
adolescents approfondissent le développement de leurs compétences émotionnelles,
sociales et cognitives, qu’ils avaient déjà élaborées dans la sphère familiale
et avec leurs amis. À l’ère du numérique, l’intimité dans les relations
amoureuses des adolescents se teste et se construit dans un espace social
s’inscrivant à la fois dans le monde réel et dans l’espace virtuel. Le sexting,
nouvelle modalité de régulation de l’intimité envisagée sous le prisme de
l’extimité dans un environnement dominé par les technologies numériques, soulève
des questions quant aux risques réels et perçus par les jeunes et aux frontières
de l’intime.
Objectifs : Nos études visent à mieux
définir les contextes et motivations aux pratiques de sexting, les usages
abusifs et les liens avec les cyberviolences, les représentations et risques
perçus par les adolescents, ainsi que les perspectives et les besoins de
prévention tels que les jeunes les envisagent.
Méthodologie : Deux études ont été
menées en Belgique auprès d’adolescents (étude 1 : N= 1321 - 45 % garçons - âge
moyen : 15,1 ans [ÉT =2,1] et étude 2 : N= 340 - 65 %
garçons - âge moyen : 15,6 ans [ÉT =1,7]). Un
questionnaire a été proposé aux participants rencontrés au sein des
établissements scolaires dans le cadre de passations collectives.
Résultats : Au sein de l’étude 1, 18,7 %
des participants et 26 % dans l’étude 2 déclarent avoir déjà envoyé ou posté des
messages, photos ou vidéos sexy d’eux-mêmes. Les garçons sont plus susceptibles
que les filles d’avoir pratiqué le sexting au moins une fois et plus
spécifiquement d’avoir posté ce type de contenus en ligne. Plus de 60 % des
adolescents garçons et filles destinaient ces contenus à un partenaire amoureux.
Quant aux prévalences de victimisation, 17,1 % des participants rapportent avoir
déjà été victimes d’au moins une forme de cyberviolences sexuelles et/ou
sexistes, soit la diffusion non consentie de messages ou images à caractère
sexuel, ou menaces d’agir de la sorte, et la réception de messages insultants ou
rumeurs à caractère sexuel.
Conclusions : Inscrite dans une
exploration de la sexualité adolescente, la pratique du sexting est mise au
service de l’extimité dans une poursuite des tâches développementales. Pourtant
elle est susceptible de donner lieu à d’importantes dérives et de permettre la
reproduction virtuelle de violences et d’attitudes sexistes et déshumanisantes.
Les besoins de prévention suggérés tant par les filles que par les garçons
traduisent entre autres le besoin d’un cadre contenant pour réguler ces
pratiques.
Contribution : La prévention dans le
domaine de la vie sexuelle et affective, incluant le sexting, reste la voie pour
éduquer et sécuriser les adolescents aux saines pratiques en la matière, et ce,
dès l’enfance dans le cadre scolaire.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Glowacz
- Professeure, Psychologie clinique de la délinquance, Unité de Recherche ARCh, Université de Liège,
| | - Margot Goblet
- Chercheure, Psychologie clinique de la délinquance, Unité de Recherche ARCh, Université de Liège,
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Wong WCW, Choi EPH, Holroyd E, Ip P, Fan S, Yip PSF. Impact of household composition and satisfaction with family life on self-reported sexual health outcomes of high-school students in Hong Kong. BMJ SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2020; 46:184-191. [PMID: 31754063 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsrh-2019-200372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to examine the impact of household composition and satisfaction with family life on sexual behaviours among high school male and female students (aged 11-22 years) in Hong Kong. METHOD High schools were randomly selected, and the final sample comprised 25 schools. Students were divided into two groups ('living with both biological parents' vs 'not living with both biological parents'). Students were asked to rate their satisfaction with family life on a five-point Likert scale in a self-administered questionnaire. Dependent variables were sexual experience, sexual harassment, sexting and nude chats. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyse the results. RESULTS 3907 students were included in the analysis. 202 students (5.2%) were sexually active. 505 students had ever (13.0%) sexually harassed others and 303 students (7.8%) had ever been sexually harassed by others. 58 students (1.5%) had ever had nude chats. 1005 students (25.8%) had sexted in the last 12 months. Students who lived with both biological parents were less like to be sexually active, to sext and to have nude chats than those who did not. Students who had higher family life satisfaction were less likely to be sexually active, to sexually harass others, to be sexually harassed by others, to sext and to have nude chats than students who had lower satisfaction with their family life. CONCLUSIONS Sexual health programmes and interventions should consider family functioning. Students who have low family satisfaction and those who do not live with both their biological parents should be targeted for sexual health interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Chi Wai Wong
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Edmond P H Choi
- School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Eleanor Holroyd
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Patrick Ip
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Susan Fan
- The Family Planning Association of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Paul S F Yip
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Barrense-Dias Y, Akre C, Auderset D, Leeners B, Morselli D, Surís JC. Non-consensual sexting: characteristics and motives of youths who share received-intimate content without consent. Sex Health 2020; 17:SH19201. [PMID: 32594970 DOI: 10.1071/sh19201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:One of the possible negative consequences of sexting is the non-consensual sharing of received-intimate content. This study aimed to determine the characteristics and motives of youths who shared received-intimate images without consent. Methods: Data were obtained from a self-administrated Swiss survey on sexual behaviours among young adults (aged 24-26 years). Out of the 7142 participants, 5175 responded to the question 'Have you ever shared (forwarding or showing) a sexy photograph/video of someone else (known or unknown) without consent'?; 85% had never shared (Never), 6% had shared once (Once) and 9% had shared several times (Several). Data are presented as relative risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Results: Participants who had shared received-intimate content without consent had higher odds of being male [2.73 (2.14-3.47)], foreign-born [1.45 (1.04-2.03)], reporting a non-heterosexual orientation [1.46 (1.10-1.93)], having sent one's own intimate image [1.76 (1.32-2.34)] and receiving a shared-intimate image of someone unknown [4.56 (3.28-6.36)] or known [2.76 (1.52-5.01)] compared with participants who had never shared. The main reported motivations were for fun (62%), showing off (30%) and failure to realise what they were doing (9%). Conclusions: Given the reported motivations, it appears crucial to remind youths of the seriousness of non-consensual sharing. Although females may also be perpetrators, the behaviour was more prevalent among males. Prevention and education need to consider a broad range of young people in their scenarios. Even if a particular focus on understanding and preventing males' perpetration must be considered, overall perpetration, including female's, must be discussed.
Collapse
|
138
|
Kim S, Martin-Storey A, Drossos A, Barbosa S, Georgiades K. Prevalence and Correlates of Sexting Behaviors in a Provincially Representative Sample of Adolescents. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2020; 65:401-408. [PMID: 31835912 PMCID: PMC7265605 DOI: 10.1177/0706743719895205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the prevalence and correlates of sending and receiving sexts (i.e., sexually explicit images) in a provincially representative sample of adolescents in Canada. METHODS Data from the 2014 Ontario Child Health Study, a provincial survey of households with children in Ontario, which includes a sample of 2,537 adolescents aged 14 to 17 years (mean age = 15.42, male = 51.6%) were used to address the research objectives. RESULTS The past 12 months prevalence of sending and receiving sexts was 14.4% and 27.0%, respectively. In unadjusted logistic regression analyses, non-White adolescents and those living in low-income households were less likely to send or receive sexts compared to White and non-low-income adolescents. Adolescents who disclosed their sexual and/or gender minority identities were 3 to 4 times more likely to send and receive sexts than youth who had not disclosed these identities. Higher levels of mental health problems generally observed among adolescents who sent or received sexts. In fully adjusted models, low income and ethnic minority status were associated with reduced odds of sending and receiving sexts, while sexual and/or gender minority disclosure status was associated with increased odds. Social anxiety was associated with reduced odds of sending and receiving sexts, while conduct disorder was associated with elevated odds. CONCLUSION The prevalence of sexting behavior was higher among adolescents who disclosed their sexual or gender minority identities. Sexting behaviors were associated with higher levels of mental health problems. Identifying vulnerable populations and the potential mental health ramifications associated with sexting behavior is vital to mitigating negative sequelae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Kim
- Offord Centre for Child Studies and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Alexander Drossos
- Child and Youth Mental Health Program and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Ron Joyce Children’s Health Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samantha Barbosa
- Offord Centre for Child Studies and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katholiki Georgiades
- Offord Centre for Child Studies and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Calvete E, Fernández-González L, González-Cabrera J, Machimbarrena JM, Orue I. Internet-Risk Classes of Adolescents, Dispositional Mindfulness and Health-Related Quality of Life: A Mediational Model. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2020; 23:533-540. [PMID: 32391724 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2019.0705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study was primarily aimed at identifying classes of adolescents in relation to their probability of endorsing several risks associated with the Internet (cyberbullying victimization and perpetration, cyberdating abuse victimization, and perpetration, sexting, and grooming). The second objective was to examine a mediational model linking dispositional mindfulness, risk perception, exposure to antisocial content in the media, Internet-risk classes of adolescents, and health-related quality of life (HRQL). The sample comprised 3,076 adolescents (46.2% boys, ages between 12 and 21). Latent class analyses indicated the existence of five classes related to the probability of endorsing Internet risks: No risk (60.75%), only cyberbullying (25.5%), cyberbullying and cyberdating abuse (6.7%), all risks (4.3%), and sexual risk (2.9%). Three mindfulness facets, namely, acting with awareness, nonreacting, and nonjudging, were associated with all the classes of risks. This association was partially explained by the degree of exposure to antisocial content in the media and risk perception. Finally, membership in the Internet-risk classes was associated with a lower HRQL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Calvete
- Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment, and Treatment, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Liria Fernández-González
- Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment, and Treatment, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Joaquín González-Cabrera
- Department of Educational Psychology and Psychobiology, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | | | - Izaskun Orue
- Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment, and Treatment, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Mori C, Cooke JE, Temple JR, Ly A, Lu Y, Anderson N, Rash C, Madigan S. The Prevalence of Sexting Behaviors Among Emerging Adults: A Meta-Analysis. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2020; 49:1103-1119. [PMID: 32072397 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01656-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Sexting is the sharing of sexually explicit images, videos, and/or messages via electronic devices. Prevalence estimates of sexting have varied substantially, potentially due to broad age ranges being examined. The current study sought to synthesize relevant findings examining the prevalence of consensual and non-consensual sexting in a specific developmental period, emerging adulthood (≥ 18-< 29), to try to explain discrepancies in the literature. Searches were conducted in electronic databases for articles published up to April 2018. Relevant data from 50 studies with 18,122 emerging adults were extracted. The prevalence of sexting behaviors were: sending 38.3% (k = 41; CI 32.0-44.6), receiving 41.5% (k = 19; CI 31.9-51.2), and reciprocal sexting 47.7% (k = 16; CI 37.6-57.8). Thus, sexting is a common behavior among emerging adults. The prevalence of non-consensual forwarding of sexts was also frequent in emerging adults at 15.0% (k = 7; CI 6.9-23.2). Educational awareness initiatives on digital citizenship and psychological consequences of the non-consensual forwarding of sexts should be targeted to youth and emerging adults with the hopes of mitigating this potentially damaging and illegal behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Mori
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W., Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jessica E Cooke
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W., Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jeff R Temple
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Anh Ly
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W., Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Nina Anderson
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W., Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Christina Rash
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W., Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W., Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
An Exploratory Study of Transactional Sexting Among High School Students. J Adolesc Health 2020; 66:510-513. [PMID: 31937483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.11.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to gain more insight into the prevalence and associations of transactional sexting, which refers to the sending of self-made sexually explicit images or videos in exchange for something else. METHODS A survey was conducted among 2,626 high school students (n = 1,530 girls; 58.4% female) aged between 14 and 21 years (M = 16.14; SD = 1.02). We compared youth who engaged in transactional sexting and those who did not for a range of demographic and sexual health variables. RESULTS Youth who engaged in transactional sexting were more likely to be male, to identify as a sexual minority, to have retaken a year of school, and to be sexually active, than those who did not. We also found associations with sexual risk behaviors. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight the need for future research. Clinicians may screen for sexual health behaviors when counseling youth who have engaged in transactional sexting.
Collapse
|
142
|
Douglass CH, Wright CJC, Davis AC, Lim MSC. Non-consensual sharing of personal sexually explicit imagery among young people in Australia: results from an online survey. Sex Health 2020; 17:182-186. [PMID: 32135074 DOI: 10.1071/sh19147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Consensual sharing of personal sexually explicit imagery (SEI) is part of young people's sexual practise; however, harms arise if content is shared without consent. Australians aged 15-29 years were recruited for an online survey. Participants indicated if they had ever sent SEI of themselves to someone else, received SEI directly from the person in the imagery and whether they thought it was illegal to forward SEI without consent. Participants reported whether anyone shared their SEI without permission, if they told people, made official reports or if there were consequences for perpetrator(s). Logistic regression was used to identify associations between victimisation, gender, age group, sexual identity and knowledge of SEI-related law. In total, 1007 participants (65% female, mean age 23 years, 67% heterosexual) were recruited; 63% sent personal SEI to another person, 71% received SEI from the person pictured and 77% correctly identified it is illegal to forward SEI without consent. Thirteen percent (n = 126) indicated another person forwarded personal SEI without consent. In univariate analysis, victimisation was associated with identifying as non-heterosexual (odds ratio = 1.51, confidence interval = 1.03-2.22), but was independent from age group, gender and knowledge. In multivariate analysis, sexual identity, age group, gender and knowledge were not significantly associated with victimisation. Among participants who experienced non-consensual sharing of personal SEI, 63% told friends, 10% told family, 93% made no official report and 94% reported no consequences for perpetrator(s). Initiatives are needed to promote legal rights and enable young people to seek support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin H Douglass
- Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Vic. 3004, Australia; and School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 235 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Vic. 3053, Australia; and Corresponding author.
| | - Cassandra J C Wright
- Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Vic. 3004, Australia; and School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Plenty Road and Kingsbury Drive, Bundoora, Vic. 3086, Australia
| | - Angela C Davis
- Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Vic. 3004, Australia; and School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Vic. 3004, Australia
| | - Megan S C Lim
- Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Vic. 3004, Australia; and School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 235 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Vic. 3053, Australia; and School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Vic. 3004, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Vannucci A, Simpson EG, Gagnon S, Ohannessian CM. Social media use and risky behaviors in adolescents: A meta-analysis. J Adolesc 2020; 79:258-274. [PMID: 32018149 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the associations between social media use and risky behaviors during adolescence, and evaluated study characteristics (e.g., sample age, type of social media platform assessed) that may moderate these relationships. METHODS A comprehensive search strategy identified relevant studies from PsycInfo, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Proquest Dissertations and Theses Global. RESULTS The final sample included 27 independent cross-sectional studies with a total of 67,407 adolescents (Mage = 15.5, range: 12.6-18.0 years; 51.7% girls; 57.2% White). Results from random effects models indicated that there were positive, small-to-medium correlations between social media use and engagement in risky behaviors generally (r = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.16-0.25), substance use (r = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.12-0.26), and risky sexual behaviors (r = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.15-0.28). There were an insufficient number of independent samples available to conduct a random effect models for violence-related behaviors (k = 3). Moderator analyses suggested that studies assessing solely early social media platforms (e.g., Facebook/MySpace only) in relation to substance use had smaller effect sizes than substance use studies assessing a broader range of contemporary social media platforms. In addition, younger samples had larger effect sizes for studies focused on social media use and risky sexual behaviors. CONCLUSIONS The positive links identified between social media and risky behaviors during adolescence in this meta-analysis suggest that developmental theories of risk taking would benefit from incorporating the social media context. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify directionality and make more specific practice and policy recommendations so that social media is a safe place in which adolescents can thrive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vannucci
- Center for Behavioral Health, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, 282 Washington Street, Hartford, CT, 06106, USA.
| | - Emily G Simpson
- Center for Behavioral Health, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, 282 Washington Street, Hartford, CT, 06106, USA; Department of Human Development and Families Studies, University of Connecticut, 380-398 Mansfield Drive, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Sonja Gagnon
- Center for Behavioral Health, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, 282 Washington Street, Hartford, CT, 06106, USA
| | - Christine McCauley Ohannessian
- Center for Behavioral Health, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, 282 Washington Street, Hartford, CT, 06106, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Affiliation(s)
- Joris Van Ouytsel
- Department of Communication Studies, Research Foundation Flanders, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Patchin JW, Hinduja S. It is Time to Teach Safe Sexting. J Adolesc Health 2020; 66:140-143. [PMID: 31831321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin W Patchin
- Department of Political Science, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin.
| | - Sameer Hinduja
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Evans R, Widman L, Kamke K, Stewart JL. Gender Differences in Parents' Communication With Their Adolescent Children about Sexual Risk and Sex-Positive Topics. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2020; 57:177-188. [PMID: 31517541 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2019.1661345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A healthy sexual self-concept that captures an understanding of the risky and the positive aspects of sexuality is imperative to life-long well-being. Parents have a unique opportunity to instill knowledge of sexual risk as well as confidence and comfort around sexuality in their adolescents. Although parent-child communication about sexual risk is fairly common, less is known regarding the frequency of parent-child communication about sex-positive topics, such as sexual desire and satisfaction. This study examined the frequency of parents' communication with their children about sexual risk and sex-positive topics among a sample of 901 parents of 13-17-year-old adolescents (parent Mage= 40.61; 71% mothers) from across the U.S. Parents reported on sexual communication with their adolescent children (child Mage = 14.68; 50% daughters). We examined gender differences in communication patterns. Few parents communicated with their adolescents about sex-positive topics. Only 38% discussed sexual satisfaction, 38% discussed different types of sexual practices (e.g., oral sex), and 55% discussed sexual desire. Parents communicate more about sexual risk than sex-positive topics with their adolescents and this discrepancy was largest for mothers of daughters. Fathers of daughters communicate the least about sex-positive topics. Implications for intervention development and future research on sexual communication are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reina Evans
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University
| | - Laura Widman
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University
| | - Kristyn Kamke
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University
| | - J L Stewart
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Mori
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeff R Temple
- UMTB Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston
| | - Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Maheux AJ, Evans R, Widman L, Nesi J, Prinstein MJ, Choukas-Bradley S. Popular peer norms and adolescent sexting behavior. J Adolesc 2019; 78:62-66. [PMID: 31841872 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescents misperceive and are heavily influenced by the behavior of their popular peers, yet research has not yet investigated this phenomenon for a relatively new and potentially risky behavior: adolescent sexting. The present study investigates rates of sexting among popular and non-popular adolescents and the association between adolescents' perceptions of popular peers' sexting behavior and their own sexting behavior. METHODS A school-based sample of 626 adolescents from a rural high school in the Southeastern U.S. (Mage = 17.4, 53.5% female) completed surveys indicating whether they had sent a sext in the past year. Participants also reported on perceptions of popular peers' sexting behavior and completed sociometric nominations of peer status. RESULTS While 87.4% of adolescents believed the typical popular boy or girl in their class had sent a sext in the past year, only 62.5% of popular adolescents had actually sent a sext. There was no significant difference between rates of sexting among popular and non-popular (54.8%) adolescents. After adjusting for gender and sexual activity status, adolescents who believed that the typical popular peer sent a sext were over ten times more likely to have also sexted in the past year. Among adolescents who believed their popular peers had not sexted, girls were more likely than boys to have sexted themselves; however, this gender difference disappeared among adolescents who believed their popular peers had sexted. CONCLUSIONS These results underscore the importance of peer status and perceptions of peer norms in adolescents' sexting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne J Maheux
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychology, 210 S. Bouquet St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
| | - Reina Evans
- North Carolina State University, Department of Psychology, 640 Poe Hall, Campus Box 7650, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7650, USA
| | - Laura Widman
- North Carolina State University, Department of Psychology, 640 Poe Hall, Campus Box 7650, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7650, USA
| | - Jacqueline Nesi
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, 222 Richmond St., Providence, RI, 02903, USA; Bradley/Hasbro Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, 1 Hoppin St., Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Mitchell J Prinstein
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology, 235 E. Cameron Ave, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Sophia Choukas-Bradley
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychology, 210 S. Bouquet St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Shafer A. Advancing Research on Adolescent Sexting. J Adolesc Health 2019; 65:711-712. [PMID: 31753293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Autumn Shafer
- School of Journalism and Communication, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Choi HJ, Mori C, Van Ouytsel J, Madigan S, Temple JR. Adolescent Sexting Involvement Over 4 Years and Associations With Sexual Activity. J Adolesc Health 2019; 65:738-744. [PMID: 31277988 PMCID: PMC6874725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate how demographic factors, dating, and sexual behaviors are related to both initial and changing rates of sexting over time, we examined sexting involvement among ethnically diverse adolescents over a 4-year period. METHODS A total of 1,042 participants from seven public high schools throughout southeast Texas (Dating it Safe study) were asked yearly about sexting involvement, as well as sexual and dating behaviors. RESULTS Using latent growth curve modeling, results revealed that males and white participants had greater initial involvement in sexting compared with females and Hispanic and other ethnicities, respectively. In addition, we found that sexting significantly increased over the 4-year period. Finally, participants who had sex and who had more dating partners at each wave were significantly more likely to be involved in sexting than their counterparts, even after controlling for their initial sexting involvement. CONCLUSIONS Involvement in sexting increases steadily from adolescence into emerging adulthood. The present study extends prior research by identifying a longitudinal association between sexting and sexual activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jeong Choi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.
| | - Camille Mori
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jeff R. Temple
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, UTMB Health, Galveston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|