101
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Joshi G, Arnold Anteraper S, Patil KR, Semwal M, Goldin RL, Furtak SL, Chai XJ, Saygin ZM, Gabrieli JDE, Biederman J, Whitfield-Gabrieli S. Integration and Segregation of Default Mode Network Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Transition-Age Males with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Brain Connect 2018; 7:558-573. [PMID: 28942672 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2016.0483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the resting-state functional connectivity (RsFc) profile of the default mode network (DMN) in transition-age males with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Resting-state blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from adolescent and young adult males with high-functioning ASD (n = 15) and from age-, sex-, and intelligence quotient-matched healthy controls (HCs; n = 16). The DMN was examined by assessing the positive and negative RsFc correlations of an average of the literature-based conceptualized major DMN nodes (medial prefrontal cortex [mPFC], posterior cingulate cortex, bilateral angular, and inferior temporal gyrus regions). RsFc data analysis was performed using a seed-driven approach. ASD was characterized by an altered pattern of RsFc in the DMN. The ASD group exhibited a weaker pattern of intra- and extra-DMN-positive and -negative RsFc correlations, respectively. In ASD, the strength of intra-DMN coupling was significantly reduced with the mPFC and the bilateral angular gyrus regions. In addition, the polarity of the extra-DMN correlation with the right hemispheric task-positive regions of fusiform gyrus and supramarginal gyrus was reversed from typically negative to positive in the ASD group. A wide variability was observed in the presentation of the RsFc profile of the DMN in both HC and ASD groups that revealed a distinct pattern of subgrouping using pattern recognition analyses. These findings imply that the functional architecture profile of the DMN is altered in ASD with weaker than expected integration and segregation of DMN RsFc. Future studies with larger sample sizes are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagan Joshi
- 1 Alan and Lorraine Bressler Clinical and Research Program for Autism Spectrum Disorder, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
- 3 McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sheeba Arnold Anteraper
- 1 Alan and Lorraine Bressler Clinical and Research Program for Autism Spectrum Disorder, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
- 3 McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kaustubh R Patil
- 1 Alan and Lorraine Bressler Clinical and Research Program for Autism Spectrum Disorder, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Meha Semwal
- 1 Alan and Lorraine Bressler Clinical and Research Program for Autism Spectrum Disorder, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rachel L Goldin
- 1 Alan and Lorraine Bressler Clinical and Research Program for Autism Spectrum Disorder, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephannie L Furtak
- 1 Alan and Lorraine Bressler Clinical and Research Program for Autism Spectrum Disorder, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Zeynep M Saygin
- 3 McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - John D E Gabrieli
- 3 McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
- 5 Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph Biederman
- 1 Alan and Lorraine Bressler Clinical and Research Program for Autism Spectrum Disorder, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli
- 3 McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
- 5 Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
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102
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Goksan S, Baxter L, Moultrie F, Duff E, Hathway G, Hartley C, Tracey I, Slater R. The influence of the descending pain modulatory system on infant pain-related brain activity. eLife 2018; 7:37125. [PMID: 30201093 PMCID: PMC6133549 DOI: 10.7554/elife.37125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The descending pain modulatory system (DPMS) constitutes a network of widely distributed brain regions whose integrated function is essential for effective modulation of sensory input to the central nervous system and behavioural responses to pain. Animal studies demonstrate that young rodents have an immature DPMS, but comparable studies have not been conducted in human infants. In Goksan et al. (2015) we used functional MRI (fMRI) to show that pain-related brain activity in newborn infants is similar to that observed in adults. Here, we investigated whether the functional network connectivity strength across the infant DPMS influences the magnitude of this brain activity. FMRI scans were collected while mild mechanical noxious stimulation was applied to the infant's foot. Greater pre-stimulus functional network connectivity across the DPMS was significantly associated with lower noxious-evoked brain activity (p = 0.0004, r = -0.86, n = 13), suggesting that in newborn infants the DPMS may regulate the magnitude of noxious-evoked brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezgi Goksan
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Baxter
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Moultrie
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eugene Duff
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Hathway
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Hartley
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Tracey
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rebeccah Slater
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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103
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Insel C, Somerville LH. Asymmetric neural tracking of gain and loss magnitude during adolescence. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 13:785-796. [PMID: 30016496 PMCID: PMC6123516 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsy058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence has been characterized as a developmental period of heightened reward seeking and attenuated aversive processing. However, it remains unclear how the neural bases of distinct outcome valuation processes shift during this stage of the lifespan. A total of 74 participants ranging in age from 13 to 20 years completed a value-modulated functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task in which participants earn low and high magnitude monetary outcomes to test whether gain and loss magnitude tracking-the neural representation of relative value in context-change differentially over this age span. Results revealed that gain and loss magnitude tracking follow asymmetric developmental trajectories. Gain magnitude tracking is elevated in the striatum during early adolescence and then decreases with age. By contrast, loss magnitude tracking in the anterior insula follows a quadratic pattern, undergoing a temporary attenuation during mid-late adolescence. A typical comparison of gain vs loss outcomes (collapsing over magnitude effects) showed robust activity across a suite of brain regions sensitive to value based on prior work including the ventral striatum, but they exhibited no changes with age. These findings suggest that value coding subprocesses follow divergent developmental paths across adolescence, which may contribute to normative shifts in adolescent motivated behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Insel
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University 52 Oxford Street, Room 290 Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Leah H Somerville
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University 52 Oxford Street, Room 290 Cambridge, MA USA
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104
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Oberlin BG, Dzemidzic M, Eiler WJA, Carron CR, Soeurt CM, Plawecki MH, Grahame NJ, O'Connor SJ, Kareken DA. Pairing neutral cues with alcohol intoxication: new findings in executive and attention networks. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:2725-2737. [PMID: 30066136 PMCID: PMC6119082 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4968-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alcohol-associated stimuli capture attention, yet drinkers differ in the precise stimuli that become paired with intoxication. OBJECTIVES Extending our prior work to examine the influence of alcoholism risk factors, we paired abstract visual stimuli with intravenous alcohol delivered covertly and examined brain responses to these Pavlovian-conditioned stimuli in fMRI when subjects were not intoxicated. METHODS Sixty healthy drinkers performed task-irrelevant alcohol conditioning that presented geometric shapes as conditioned stimuli. Shapes were paired with a rapidly rising alcohol limb (conditioned stimulus; CS+) using intravenous alcohol infusion targeting a final peak breath alcohol concentration of 0.045 g/dL or saline (CS-) infusion at matched rates. On day 2, subjects performed monetary delay discounting outside the scanner to assess delay tolerance and then underwent event-related fMRI while performing the same task with CS+, CS-, and an irrelevant symbol. RESULTS CS+ elicited stronger activation than CS- in frontoparietal executive/attention and orbitofrontal reward-associated networks. Risk factors including family history, recent drinking, sex, and age of drinking onset did not relate to the [CS+ > CS-] activation. Delay-tolerant choice and [CS+ > CS-] activation in right inferior parietal cortex were positively related. CONCLUSIONS Networks governing executive attention and reward showed enhanced responses to stimuli experimentally paired with intoxication, with the right parietal cortex implicated in both alcohol cue pairing and intertemporal choice. While different from our previous study results in 14 men, we believe this paradigm in a large sample of male and female drinkers offers novel insights into Pavlovian processes less affected by idiosyncratic drug associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon G Oberlin
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 355 W. 16th Street (GH 4800), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Stark Neurosciences Institute, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Mario Dzemidzic
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - William J A Eiler
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Claire R Carron
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Christina M Soeurt
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Martin H Plawecki
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 355 W. 16th Street (GH 4800), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Nicholas J Grahame
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sean J O'Connor
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 355 W. 16th Street (GH 4800), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Roudebush Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David A Kareken
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 355 W. 16th Street (GH 4800), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Institute, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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105
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Pritchett BL, Hoeflin C, Koldewyn K, Dechter E, Fedorenko E. High-level language processing regions are not engaged in action observation or imitation. J Neurophysiol 2018; 120:2555-2570. [PMID: 30156457 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00222.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A set of left frontal, temporal, and parietal brain regions respond robustly during language comprehension and production (e.g., Fedorenko E, Hsieh PJ, Nieto-Castañón A, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Kanwisher N. J Neurophysiol 104: 1177-1194, 2010; Menenti L, Gierhan SM, Segaert K, Hagoort P. Psychol Sci 22: 1173-1182, 2011). These regions have been further shown to be selective for language relative to other cognitive processes, including arithmetic, aspects of executive function, and music perception (e.g., Fedorenko E, Behr MK, Kanwisher N. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108: 16428-16433, 2011; Monti MM, Osherson DN. Brain Res 1428: 33-42, 2012). However, one claim about overlap between language and nonlinguistic cognition remains prominent. In particular, some have argued that language processing shares computational demands with action observation and/or execution (e.g., Rizzolatti G, Arbib MA. Trends Neurosci 21: 188-194, 1998; Koechlin E, Jubault T. Neuron 50: 963-974, 2006; Tettamanti M, Weniger D. Cortex 42: 491-494, 2006). However, the evidence for these claims is indirect, based on observing activation for language and action tasks within the same broad anatomical areas (e.g., on the lateral surface of the left frontal lobe). To test whether language indeed shares machinery with action observation/execution, we examined the responses of language brain regions, defined functionally in each individual participant (Fedorenko E, Hsieh PJ, Nieto-Castañón A, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Kanwisher N. J Neurophysiol 104: 1177-1194, 2010) to action observation ( experiments 1, 2, and 3a) and action imitation ( experiment 3b). With the exception of the language region in the angular gyrus, all language regions, including those in the inferior frontal gyrus (within "Broca's area"), showed little or no response during action observation/imitation. These results add to the growing body of literature suggesting that high-level language regions are highly selective for language processing (see Fedorenko E, Varley R. Ann NY Acad Sci 1369: 132-153, 2016 for a review). NEW & NOTEWORTHY Many have argued for overlap in the machinery used to interpret language and others' actions, either because action observation was a precursor to linguistic communication or because both require interpreting hierarchically-structured stimuli. However, existing evidence is indirect, relying on group analyses or reverse inference. We examined responses to action observation in language regions defined functionally in individual participants and found no response. Thus language comprehension and action observation recruit distinct circuits in the modern brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna L Pritchett
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Caitlyn Hoeflin
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kami Koldewyn
- School of Psychology, Bangor University, Gwynedd, United Kingdom
| | - Eyal Dechter
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Evelina Fedorenko
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
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106
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Chen Z, Jamadar SD, Li S, Sforazzini F, Baran J, Ferris N, Shah NJ, Egan GF. From simultaneous to synergistic MR-PET brain imaging: A review of hybrid MR-PET imaging methodologies. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:5126-5144. [PMID: 30076750 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanning is a recent major development in biomedical imaging. The full integration of the PET detector ring and electronics within the MR system has been a technologically challenging design to develop but provides capacity for simultaneous imaging and the potential for new diagnostic and research capability. This article reviews state-of-the-art MR-PET hardware and software, and discusses future developments focusing on neuroimaging methodologies for MR-PET scanning. We particularly focus on the methodologies that lead to an improved synergy between MRI and PET, including optimal data acquisition, PET attenuation and motion correction, and joint image reconstruction and processing methods based on the underlying complementary and mutual information. We further review the current and potential future applications of simultaneous MR-PET in both systems neuroscience and clinical neuroimaging research. We demonstrate a simultaneous data acquisition protocol to highlight new applications of MR-PET neuroimaging research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolin Chen
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sharna D Jamadar
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shenpeng Li
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Jakub Baran
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Nicholas Ferris
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Monash Imaging, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nadim Jon Shah
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum, Jülich, Germany
| | - Gary F Egan
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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107
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Stice E, Yokum S. Effects of gymnemic acids lozenge on reward region response to receipt and anticipated receipt of high-sugar food. Physiol Behav 2018; 194:568-576. [PMID: 30031752 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A gymnemic acids lozenge that blocks sweet taste receptors reduced the decision to consume candy in humans even before the candy was tasted after the gymnemic acids dose, suggesting that blocking sweet taste receptors reduces valuation of sweet foods. The present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test whether the gymnemic acids lozenge reduces reward region response to both intake and anticipated intake of high-sugar food, as well as ad lib candy intake relative to a placebo lozenge. Here we show for the first time that a gymnemic acids lozenge versus placebo lozenge significantly reduced activation in the striatum and orbitofrontal cortex in response to anticipated tastes of high-sugar milkshake, and significantly reduced dorsolateral prefrontal cortex response to tastes of milkshake. We also replicated evidence that a gymnemic acids lozenge versus placebo lozenge significantly reduced ad lib candy intake. Results also provide novel evidence that an initial taste of a high-sugar food increases reward region (i.e., caudate) response to anticipated intake of more of the high-sugar food. Results suggest that blocking sweet taste receptors not only reduces reward region response to intake of high-sugar foods, but also reduces anticipated reward from high-sugar foods, potentially via a feedback loop regarding the availability of sweet taste receptors to convey perceptual input regarding sweet tastes. Collectively, results imply that the gymnemic acids lozenge might prove useful in decreasing high-sugar food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Stice
- Oregon Research Institute, 1776 Millrace Drive, Eugene, OR 97403, United States.
| | - Sonja Yokum
- Oregon Research Institute, 1776 Millrace Drive, Eugene, OR 97403, United States
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108
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Sarlls JE, Lalonde F, Rettmann D, Shankaranarayanan A, Roopchansingh V, Talagala SL. Effectiveness of navigator-based prospective motion correction in MPRAGE data acquired at 3T. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199372. [PMID: 29953459 PMCID: PMC6023162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In MRI, subject motion results in image artifacts. High-resolution 3D scans, like MPRAGE, are particularly susceptible to motion because of long scan times and acquisition of data over multiple-shots. Such motion related artifacts have been shown to cause a bias in cortical measures extracted from segmentation of high-resolution MPRAGE images. Prospective motion correction (PMC) techniques have been developed to help mitigate artifacts due to subject motion. In this work, high-resolution MPRAGE images are acquired during intentional head motion to evaluate the effectiveness of navigator-based PMC techniques to improve both the accuracy and reproducibility of cortical morphometry measures obtained from image segmentation. The contribution of reacquiring segments of k-space affected by motion to the overall performance of PMC is assessed. Additionally, the effect of subject motion on subcortical structure volumes is investigated. In the presence of head motion, navigator-based PMC is shown to improve both the accuracy and reproducibility of cortical and subcortical measures. It is shown that reacquiring segments of k-space data that are corrupted by motion is an essential part of navigator-based PMC performance. Subcortical structure volumes are not affected by motion in the same way as cortical measures; there is not a consistent underestimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle E. Sarlls
- NIH MRI Research Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Francois Lalonde
- Functional MRI Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dan Rettmann
- GE Healthcare, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | | | - Vinai Roopchansingh
- Functional MRI Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - S. Lalith Talagala
- NIH MRI Research Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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109
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Liu J, de Zwart JA, van Gelderen P, Murphy-Boesch J, Duyn JH. Effect of head motion on MRI B 0 field distribution. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:2538-2548. [PMID: 29770481 PMCID: PMC6239980 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify and characterize the sources of B0 field changes due to head motion, to reduce motion sensitivity in human brain MRI. METHODS B0 fields were measured in 5 healthy human volunteers at various head poses. After measurement of the total field, the field originating from the subject was calculated by subtracting the external field generated by the magnet and shims. A subject-specific susceptibility model was created to quantify the contribution of the head and torso. The spatial complexity of the field changes was analyzed using spherical harmonic expansion. RESULTS Minor head pose changes can cause substantial and spatially complex field changes in the brain. For rotations and translations of approximately 5 º and 5 mm, respectively, at 7 T, the field change that is associated with the subject's magnetization generates a standard deviation (SD) of about 10 Hz over the brain. The stationary torso contributes to this subject-associated field change significantly with a SD of about 5 Hz. The subject-associated change leads to image-corrupting phase errors in multi-shot <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>*</mml:mo></mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> -weighted acquisitions. CONCLUSION The B0 field changes arising from head motion are problematic for multishot <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>*</mml:mo></mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> -weighted imaging. Characterization of the underlying sources provides new insights into mitigation strategies, which may benefit from individualized predictive field models in addition to real-time field monitoring and correction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaen Liu
- Advanced MRI, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jacco A de Zwart
- Advanced MRI, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Peter van Gelderen
- Advanced MRI, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joseph Murphy-Boesch
- Advanced MRI, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeff H Duyn
- Advanced MRI, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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110
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Mehta BB, Ma D, Pierre EY, Jiang Y, Coppo S, Griswold MA. Image reconstruction algorithm for motion insensitive MR Fingerprinting (MRF): MORF. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:2485-2500. [PMID: 29732610 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to increase the robustness of MR fingerprinting (MRF) toward subject motion. METHODS A novel reconstruction algorithm, MOtion insensitive MRF (MORF), was developed, which uses an iterative reconstruction based retrospective motion correction approach. Each iteration loops through the following steps: pattern recognition, metric based identification of motion corrupted frames, registration based motion estimation, and motion compensated data consistency verification. The proposed algorithm was validated using in vivo 2D brain MRF data with retrospective in-plane motion introduced at different stages of the acquisition. The validation was performed using qualitative and quantitative comparisons between results from MORF, the iterative multi-scale (IMS) algorithm, and with the IMS results using data without motion for a ground truth comparison. Additionally, the MORF algorithm was evaluated in prospectively motion corrupted in vivo 2D brain MRF datasets. RESULTS For datasets corrupted by in-plane motion both prospectively and retrospectively, MORF noticeably reduced motion artifacts compared with iterative multi-scale and closely resembled the results from data without motion, even when ∼54% of data was motion corrupted during different parts of the acquisition. CONCLUSIONS MORF improves the insensitivity of MRF toward rigid-body motion occurring during any part of the MRF acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dan Ma
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Eric Yann Pierre
- Imaging Division, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yun Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Simone Coppo
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mark Alan Griswold
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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111
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Richardson H, Lisandrelli G, Riobueno-Naylor A, Saxe R. Development of the social brain from age three to twelve years. Nat Commun 2018. [PMID: 29531321 PMCID: PMC5847587 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03399-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adults recruit distinct networks of brain regions to think about the bodies and minds of others. This study characterizes the development of these networks, and tests for relationships between neural development and behavioral changes in reasoning about others’ minds (‘theory of mind’, ToM). A large sample of children (n = 122, 3–12 years), and adults (n = 33), watched a short movie while undergoing fMRI. The movie highlights the characters’ bodily sensations (often pain) and mental states (beliefs, desires, emotions), and is a feasible experiment for young children. Here we report three main findings: (1) ToM and pain networks are functionally distinct by age 3 years, (2) functional specialization increases throughout childhood, and (3) functional maturity of each network is related to increasingly anti-correlated responses between the networks. Furthermore, the most studied milestone in ToM development, passing explicit false-belief tasks, does not correspond to discontinuities in the development of the social brain. Though adults’ brains process the internal states of others’ bodies versus others’ minds in distinct brain regions, it is not clear when this functional dissociation emerges. Here, authors study 3–12 year olds and show that these networks are distinct by age 3 and become even more distinct with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Richardson
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Grace Lisandrelli
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Saxe
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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112
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Park AT, Leonard JA, Saxler PK, Cyr AB, Gabrieli JDE, Mackey AP. Amygdala-medial prefrontal cortex connectivity relates to stress and mental health in early childhood. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018. [PMID: 29522160 PMCID: PMC5928403 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsy017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life stress has been associated with disrupted functional connectivity between the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), but it is unknown how early in development stress-related differences in amygdala–mPFC connectivity emerge. In a resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) analysis with 79 four- to seven-year-old children, we found a significant correlation between more adverse experiences and weaker amygdala–mPFC rs-FC. We also found that weaker amygdala–mPFC rs-FC was associated with higher levels of aggressive behavior and attention problems. These findings suggest that the impact of stress on emotional circuitry is detectable in early childhood and that this impact is associated with mental health difficulties. Connectivity in this circuit may be useful as a marker for mental health risk and for tracking the efficacy of early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne T Park
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Julia A Leonard
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Patricia K Saxler
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Abigail B Cyr
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - John D E Gabrieli
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Allyson P Mackey
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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113
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Pereira F, Lou B, Pritchett B, Ritter S, Gershman SJ, Kanwisher N, Botvinick M, Fedorenko E. Toward a universal decoder of linguistic meaning from brain activation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:963. [PMID: 29511192 PMCID: PMC5840373 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior work decoding linguistic meaning from imaging data has been largely limited to concrete nouns, using similar stimuli for training and testing, from a relatively small number of semantic categories. Here we present a new approach for building a brain decoding system in which words and sentences are represented as vectors in a semantic space constructed from massive text corpora. By efficiently sampling this space to select training stimuli shown to subjects, we maximize the ability to generalize to new meanings from limited imaging data. To validate this approach, we train the system on imaging data of individual concepts, and show it can decode semantic vector representations from imaging data of sentences about a wide variety of both concrete and abstract topics from two separate datasets. These decoded representations are sufficiently detailed to distinguish even semantically similar sentences, and to capture the similarity structure of meaning relationships between sentences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Pereira
- Medical Imaging Technologies, Siemens Healthineers, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
| | - Bin Lou
- Medical Imaging Technologies, Siemens Healthineers, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Brianna Pritchett
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | - Samuel J Gershman
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Nancy Kanwisher
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Matthew Botvinick
- DeepMind, London, N1C 4AG, UK
- Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Evelina Fedorenko
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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114
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Centanni TM, Norton ES, Park A, Beach SD, Halverson K, Ozernov-Palchik O, Gaab N, Gabrieli JDE. Early development of letter specialization in left fusiform is associated with better word reading and smaller fusiform face area. Dev Sci 2018; 21:e12658. [PMID: 29504651 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A functional region of left fusiform gyrus termed "the visual word form area" (VWFA) develops during reading acquisition to respond more strongly to printed words than to other visual stimuli. Here, we examined responses to letters among 5- and 6-year-old early kindergarten children (N = 48) with little or no school-based reading instruction who varied in their reading ability. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure responses to individual letters, false fonts, and faces in left and right fusiform gyri. We then evaluated whether signal change and size (spatial extent) of letter-sensitive cortex (greater activation for letters versus faces) and letter-specific cortex (greater activation for letters versus false fonts) in these regions related to (a) standardized measures of word-reading ability and (b) signal change and size of face-sensitive cortex (fusiform face area or FFA; greater activation for faces versus letters). Greater letter specificity, but not letter sensitivity, in left fusiform gyrus correlated positively with word reading scores. Across children, in the left fusiform gyrus, greater size of letter-sensitive cortex correlated with lesser size of FFA. These findings are the first to suggest that in beginning readers, development of letter responsivity in left fusiform cortex is associated with both better reading ability and also a reduction of the size of left FFA that may result in right-hemisphere dominance for face perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy M Centanni
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Norton
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, and Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Anne Park
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sara D Beach
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kelly Halverson
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Nadine Gaab
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John DE Gabrieli
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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115
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Whitaker KJ, Vendetti MS, Wendelken C, Bunge SA. Neuroscientific insights into the development of analogical reasoning. Dev Sci 2018; 21:e12531. [PMID: 28295877 PMCID: PMC5887920 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Analogical reasoning, or the ability to find correspondences between entities based on shared relationships, supports knowledge acquisition. As such, the development of this ability during childhood is thought to promote learning. Here, we sought to better understand the mechanisms by which analogical reasoning about semantic relations improves over childhood and adolescence (e.g. chalk is to chalkboard as pen is to…?). We hypothesized that age-related differences would manifest as differences in the brain regions associated with one or more of the following cognitive functions: (1) controlled semantic retrieval, or the ability to retrieve task-relevant semantic associations; (2) response control, or the ability to override the tendency to respond to a salient distractor; and/or (3) relational integration, or the ability to consider jointly two mental relations. In order to test these hypotheses, we analyzed patterns of fMRI activation during performance of a pictorial propositional analogy task across 95 typically developing children between the ages of 6 and 18 years old. Despite large age-related differences in task performance, particularly over ages 6-10 but through to around age 14, participants across the whole age range recruited a common network of frontal, parietal and temporal regions. However, activation in a brain region that has been implicated in controlled semantic retrieval - left anterior prefrontal cortex (BA 47/45) - was positively correlated with age, and also with performance after controlling for age. This finding indicates that improved performance over middle childhood and early adolescence on this analogical reasoning task is driven largely by improvements in the ability to selectively retrieve task-relevant semantic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael S. Vendetti
- Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of California at BerkeleyUSA
- Oracle CorporationRedwood CityCaliforniaUSA
| | - Carter Wendelken
- Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of California at BerkeleyUSA
- Vicarious FPC, IncUnion CityCAUSA
| | - Silvia A. Bunge
- Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of California at BerkeleyUSA
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of California at BerkeleyUSA
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116
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Kim B, Seo H, Kim D, Park H. Retrospective motion gating in cardiac MRI using a simultaneously acquired navigator. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:e3874. [PMID: 29266452 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A simultaneous acquisition technique of image and navigator signals (simultaneously acquired navigator, SIMNAV) is proposed for cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) in Cartesian coordinates. To simultaneously acquire both image and navigator signals, a conventional balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) pulse sequence is modified by adding a radiofrequency (RF) pulse, which excites a supplementary slice for the navigator signal. Alternating phases of the RF pulses make it easy to separate the simultaneously acquired magnetic resonance data into image and navigator signals. The navigator signals of the proposed SIMNAV were compared with those of current gating devices and self-gating techniques for seven healthy subjects. In vivo experiments demonstrated that SIMNAV could provide cardiac cine images with sufficient image quality, similar to those from electrocardiogram (ECG) gating with breath-hold. SIMNAV can be used to acquire a cardiac cine image without requiring an ECG device and breath-hold, whilst maintaining feasible imaging time efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungjai Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyunseok Seo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dongchan Kim
- College of Medicine, Gachon University, Hambakmoero 191, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, South Korea
| | - HyunWook Park
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
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117
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Abreu R, Leal A, Figueiredo P. EEG-Informed fMRI: A Review of Data Analysis Methods. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:29. [PMID: 29467634 PMCID: PMC5808233 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The simultaneous acquisition of electroencephalography (EEG) with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a very promising non-invasive technique for the study of human brain function. Despite continuous improvements, it remains a challenging technique, and a standard methodology for data analysis is yet to be established. Here we review the methodologies that are currently available to address the challenges at each step of the data analysis pipeline. We start by surveying methods for pre-processing both EEG and fMRI data. On the EEG side, we focus on the correction for several MR-induced artifacts, particularly the gradient and pulse artifacts, as well as other sources of EEG artifacts. On the fMRI side, we consider image artifacts induced by the presence of EEG hardware inside the MR scanner, and the contamination of the fMRI signal by physiological noise of non-neuronal origin, including a review of several approaches to model and remove it. We then provide an overview of the approaches specifically employed for the integration of EEG and fMRI when using EEG to predict the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) fMRI signal, the so-called EEG-informed fMRI integration strategy, the most commonly used strategy in EEG-fMRI research. Finally, we systematically review methods used for the extraction of EEG features reflecting neuronal phenomena of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Abreu
- ISR-Lisboa/LARSyS and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico - Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alberto Leal
- Department of Neurophysiology, Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Figueiredo
- ISR-Lisboa/LARSyS and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico - Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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118
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Lanka P, Deshpande G. Resting state fMRI data from subjects scanned with the EPI-PACE (Echoplanar Imaging - Prospective Acquisition CorrEction) sequence. Data Brief 2018; 20:2072-2075. [PMID: 30345338 PMCID: PMC6192010 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the confounding effects of head motion artifacts on resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC), there has been a growing interest in both acquisition and preprocessing strategies for removing motion-related artifacts from resting state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Rs-fMRI) data. Prospective motion correction by the Siemens’ EPI-PACE sequence could offer new insights on the effectiveness of this sequence to correct head motion artifacts in Rs-fMRI data. The head motion parameters along with Rs-fMRI data obtained from 47 healthy individuals scanned with the EPI-PACE sequence is presented in this article. This data is useful to understand the effectiveness of prospective motion correction strategies such as 3D PACE for reducing head motion artifacts in Rs-fMRI data and help devise effective motion correction strategies. The utility of the EPI-PACE sequence in reducing motion correction artifacts in healthy controls can be found in our research article on the topic [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradyumna Lanka
- AU MRI Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Gopikrishna Deshpande
- AU MRI Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Department of Psychology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Alabama Advanced Imaging Consortium, Auburn University and University of Alabama Birmingham, AL, USA
- Center for Health Ecology and Equity Research, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Corresponding author at: AU MRI Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
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119
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Keller KL, English LK, Fearnbach SN, Lasschuijt M, Anderson K, Bermudez M, Fisher JO, Rolls BJ, Wilson SJ. Brain response to food cues varying in portion size is associated with individual differences in the portion size effect in children. Appetite 2018; 125:139-151. [PMID: 29408590 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Large portions promote intake of energy dense foods (i.e., the portion size effect--PSE), but the neurobiological drivers of this effect are not known. We tested the association between blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) brain response to food images varied by portion size (PS) and energy density (ED) and children's intake at test-meals of high- and low-ED foods served at varying portions. Children (N = 47; age 7-10 years) participated in a within-subjects, crossover study consisting of 4 meals of increasing PS of high- and low-ED foods and 1 fMRI to evaluate food images at 2 levels of PS (Large, Small) and 2 levels of ED (High, Low). Contrast values between PS conditions (e.g., Large PS - Small PS) were calculated from BOLD signal in brain regions implicated in cognitive control and reward and input as covariates in mixed models to determine if they moderated the PSE curve. Results showed a significant effect of PS on intake. Responses to Large relative to Small PS in brain regions implicated in salience (e.g., ventromedial prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex) were positively associated with the linear slope (i.e., increase in intake from baseline) of the PSE curve, but negatively associated with the quadratic coefficient for the total meal. Responses to Large PS High ED relative to Small PS High ED cues in regions associated with cognitive control (e.g., dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) were negatively associated with the linear slope of the PSE curve for high-ED foods. Brain responses to PS cues were associated with individual differences in children's susceptibility to overeating from large portions. Responses in food salience regions positively associated with PSE susceptibility while activation in control regions negatively associated with PSE susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen L Keller
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Laural K English
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - S Nicole Fearnbach
- Brain and Metabolism Imaging in Chronic Disease, Louisiana State University Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Marlou Lasschuijt
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kaitlin Anderson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Maria Bermudez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer O Fisher
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Barbara J Rolls
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Stephen J Wilson
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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120
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Visual Short-Term Memory Activity in Parietal Lobe Reflects Cognitive Processes beyond Attentional Selection. J Neurosci 2018; 38:1511-1519. [PMID: 29311140 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1716-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual short-term memory (VSTM) and attention are distinct yet interrelated processes. While both require selection of information across the visual field, memory additionally requires the maintenance of information across time and distraction. VSTM recruits areas within human (male and female) dorsal and ventral parietal cortex that are also implicated in spatial selection; therefore, it is important to determine whether overlapping activation might reflect shared attentional demands. Here, identical stimuli and controlled sustained attention across both tasks were used to ask whether fMRI signal amplitude, functional connectivity, and contralateral visual field bias reflect memory-specific task demands. While attention and VSTM activated similar cortical areas, BOLD amplitude and functional connectivity in parietal cortex differentiated the two tasks. Relative to attention, VSTM increased BOLD amplitude in dorsal parietal cortex and decreased BOLD amplitude in the angular gyrus. Additionally, the tasks differentially modulated parietal functional connectivity. Contrasting VSTM and attention, intraparietal sulcus (IPS) 1-2 were more strongly connected with anterior frontoparietal areas and more weakly connected with posterior regions. This divergence between tasks demonstrates that parietal activation reflects memory-specific functions and consequently modulates functional connectivity across the cortex. In contrast, both tasks demonstrated hemispheric asymmetries for spatial processing, exhibiting a stronger contralateral visual field bias in the left versus the right hemisphere across tasks, suggesting that asymmetries are characteristic of a shared selection process in IPS. These results demonstrate that parietal activity and patterns of functional connectivity distinguish VSTM from more general attention processes, establishing a central role of the parietal cortex in maintaining visual information.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Visual short-term memory (VSTM) and attention are distinct yet interrelated processes. Cognitive mechanisms and neural activity underlying these tasks show a large degree of overlap. To examine whether activity within the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) reflects object maintenance across distraction or sustained attention per se, it is necessary to control for attentional demands inherent in VSTM tasks. We demonstrate that activity in PPC reflects VSTM demands even after controlling for attention; remembering items across distraction modulates relationships between parietal and other areas differently than during periods of sustained attention. Our study fills a gap in the literature by directly comparing and controlling for overlap between visual attention and VSTM tasks.
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121
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Eiler WJA, Dzemidzic M, Soeurt CM, Carron CR, Oberlin BG, Considine RV, Harezlak J, Kareken DA. Family history of alcoholism and the human brain response to oral sucrose. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017; 17:1036-1046. [PMID: 29349037 PMCID: PMC5767843 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A heightened hedonic response to sweet tastes has been associated with increased alcohol preference and alcohol consumption in both humans and animals. The principal goal of this study was to examine blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) activation to high- and low-concentration sweet solutions in subjects who are either positive (FHP) or negative (FHN) for a family history of alcoholism. Seventy-four non-treatment seeking, community-recruited, healthy volunteers (22.8 ± 1.6 SD years; 43% men) rated a range of sucrose concentrations in a taste test and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during oral delivery of water, 0.83 M, and 0.10 M sucrose. Sucrose compared to water produced robust activation in primary gustatory cortex, ventral insula, amygdala, and ventral striatum. FHP subjects displayed greater bilateral amygdala activation than FHN subjects in the low sucrose concentration (0.10 M). In secondary analyses, the right amygdala response to the 0.10 M sucrose was greatest in FHP women. When accounting for group differences in drinks per week, the family history groups remained significantly different in their right amygdala response to 0.10 M sucrose. Our findings suggest that the brain response to oral sucrose differs with a family history of alcoholism, and that this response to a mildly reinforcing primary reward might be an endophenotypic marker of alcoholism risk. Studies in humans and animals have suggested sweet tastes as a trait correlate of alcohol risk. Oral sucrose resulted in robust BOLD activation of gustatory and limbic areas. Amygdala responses to 0.10 M sucrose were greatest in drinkers with family histories of alcoholism. This study is first to suggest endophenotypic brain responses to sucrose in familial alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J A Eiler
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mario Dzemidzic
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Christina M Soeurt
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Claire R Carron
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Brandon G Oberlin
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Robert V Considine
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jaroslaw Harezlak
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - David A Kareken
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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122
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Insel C, Kastman EK, Glenn CR, Somerville LH. Development of corticostriatal connectivity constrains goal-directed behavior during adolescence. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1605. [PMID: 29184096 PMCID: PMC5705718 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01369-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
When pursuing high-value goals, mature individuals typically titrate cognitive performance according to environmental demands. However, it remains unclear whether adolescents similarly integrate value-based goals to selectively enhance goal-directed behavior. We used a value-contingent cognitive control task during fMRI to assess how stakes-the value of a prospective outcome-modulate flexible goal-directed behavior and underlying neurocognitive processes. Here we demonstrate that while adults enhance performance during high stakes, adolescents perform similarly during low and high stakes conditions. The developmental emergence of value-contingent performance is mediated by connectivity between the striatum and prefrontal cortex; this connectivity selectively increases during high stakes and with age. These findings suggest that adolescents may not benefit from high stakes to the same degree adults do-a behavioral profile that may be constrained by ongoing maturation of corticostriatal connectivity. We propose that late development of corticostriatal connectivity sets the stage for optimal goal-directed behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Insel
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Room 290, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - Erik K Kastman
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Room 290, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Catherine R Glenn
- Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester, 460 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Leah H Somerville
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Room 290, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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123
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Zepf FD, Bubenzer-Busch S, Runions KC, Rao P, Wong JWY, Mahfouda S, Morandini HAE, Stewart RM, Moore JK, Biskup CS, Eickhoff SB, Fink GR, Langner R. Functional connectivity of the vigilant-attention network in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Brain Cogn 2017; 131:56-65. [PMID: 29150311 PMCID: PMC6432906 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
ADHD affects functional connectivity in a brain network for vigilant attention (VA). First evidence showing the VA network is intrinsically coupled in older children. ADHD patients showed less consistent network connectivity, forming 2 subnetworks. Lower network integrity in ADHD is due to both weaker and stronger connections. Aberrant connectivity between several regions is linked to ADHD symptomatology.
The ability to maintain attention to simple tasks (i.e., vigilant attention, VA) is often impaired in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms at the brain network level are not clear yet. We therefore investigated ADHD-related differences in resting-state functional connectivity within a meta-analytically defined brain network of 14 distinct regions subserving VA (comprising 91 connections in total), as well as the association of connectivity with markers of behavioural dysfunction in 17 children (age range: 9–14 years) with a diagnosis of ADHD and 21 age-matched neurotypical controls. Our analyses revealed selective, rather than global, differences in the intrinsic coupling between nodes of the VA-related brain network in children with ADHD, relative to controls. In particular, ADHD patients showed substantially diminished intrinsic coupling for 7 connections and increased coupling for 4 connections, with many differences involving connectivity with the anterior insula. Moreover, connectivity strength of several aberrant connections was found to be associated with core aspects of ADHD symptomatology, such as poor attention, difficulties with social functioning, and impaired cognitive control, attesting to the behavioural relevance of specific connectivity differences observed in the resting state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian D Zepf
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences & Division of Pediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Specialised Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS), Department of Health in Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Sarah Bubenzer-Busch
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kevin C Runions
- Community Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS), Department of Health in Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - Pradeep Rao
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences & Division of Pediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Community Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS), Department of Health in Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Janice W Y Wong
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences & Division of Pediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Specialised Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS), Department of Health in Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - Simone Mahfouda
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences & Division of Pediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - Hugo A E Morandini
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences & Division of Pediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Richard M Stewart
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences & Division of Pediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Julia K Moore
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences & Division of Pediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Paediatric Consultation-Liaison Program, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Department of Health in Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Caroline S Biskup
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1, INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Langner
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1, INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience & Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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124
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Characterization of a Factual Knowledge–Associated Brain Memory Area by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Implementation in Tumor and Epilepsy Brain Surgery. World Neurosurg 2017; 107:291-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.07.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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125
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Hoinkiss DC, Porter DA. Prospective motion correction in 2D multishot MRI using EPI navigators and multislice-to-volume image registration. Magn Reson Med 2017; 78:2127-2135. [PMID: 28983957 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prospective motion correction reduces artifacts in MRI by correcting for subject motion in real time, but techniques are limited for multishot 2-dimensional (2D) sequences. This study addresses this limitation by using 2D echo-planar imaging (EPI) slice navigator acquisitions together with a multislice-to-volume image registration. METHODS The 2D-EPI navigators were integrated into 2D imaging sequences to allow a rapid, real-time motion correction based on the registration of three navigator slices to a reference volume. A dedicated slice-iteration scheme was used to limit mutual spin-saturation effects between navigator and image data. The method was evaluated using T2 -weighted spin echo and multishot rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) sequences, and its motion-correction capabilities were compared with those of periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction (PROPELLER). Validation was performed in vivo using a well-defined motion protocol. RESULTS Data acquired during subject motion showed residual motion parameters within ±0.5 mm and ±0.5°, and demonstrated a substantial improvement in image quality compared with uncorrected scans. In a comparison to PROPELLER, the proposed technique preserved a higher level of anatomical detail in the presence of subject motion. CONCLUSIONS EPI-navigator-based prospective motion correction using multislice-to-volume image registration can substantially reduce image artifacts, while minimizing spin-saturation effects. The method can be adapted for use in other 2D MRI sequences and promises to improve image quality in routine clinical examinations. Magn Reson Med 78:2127-2135, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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126
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Nam S, Kim DS. Reconstruction of Arm Movement Directions from Human Motor Cortex Using fMRI. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:434. [PMID: 28798663 PMCID: PMC5529394 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have been used to reconstruct cognitive states based on brain activity evoked by sensory or cognitive stimuli. To date, such decoding paradigms were mostly used for visual modalities. On the other hand, reconstructing functional brain activity in motor areas was primarily achieved through more invasive electrophysiological techniques. Here, we investigated whether non-invasive fMRI responses from human motor cortex can also be used to predict individual arm movements. To this end, we conducted fMRI studies in which participants moved their arm from a center position to one of eight target directions. Our results suggest that arm movement directions can be distinguished from the multivoxel patterns of fMRI responses in motor cortex. Furthermore, compared to multivoxel pattern analysis, encoding models were able to also reconstruct unknown movement directions from the predicted brain activity. We conclude for our study that non-invasive fMRI signal can be utilized to predict directional motor movements in human motor cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungkyu Nam
- Brain Reverse Engineering and Imaging Lab, School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeon, South Korea
| | - Dae-Shik Kim
- Brain Reverse Engineering and Imaging Lab, School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeon, South Korea
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127
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Lerch JP, van der Kouwe AJW, Raznahan A, Paus T, Johansen-Berg H, Miller KL, Smith SM, Fischl B, Sotiropoulos SN. Studying neuroanatomy using MRI. Nat Neurosci 2017; 20:314-326. [PMID: 28230838 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The study of neuroanatomy using imaging enables key insights into how our brains function, are shaped by genes and environment, and change with development, aging and disease. Developments in MRI acquisition, image processing and data modeling have been key to these advances. However, MRI provides an indirect measurement of the biological signals we aim to investigate. Thus, artifacts and key questions of correct interpretation can confound the readouts provided by anatomical MRI. In this review we provide an overview of the methods for measuring macro- and mesoscopic structure and for inferring microstructural properties; we also describe key artifacts and confounds that can lead to incorrect conclusions. Ultimately, we believe that, although methods need to improve and caution is required in interpretation, structural MRI continues to have great promise in furthering our understanding of how the brain works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Lerch
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - André J W van der Kouwe
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Armin Raznahan
- Developmental Neurogenomics Unit, Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tomáš Paus
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Canada.,Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Heidi Johansen-Berg
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Karla L Miller
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen M Smith
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bruce Fischl
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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128
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Centanni TM, King LW, Eddy MD, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Gabrieli JDE. Development of sensitivity versus specificity for print in the visual word form area. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2017; 170:62-70. [PMID: 28411527 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An area near the left lateral occipito-temporal sulcus that responds preferentially to print has been designated as the visual word form area (VWFA). Research suggests that specialization in this brain region increases as reading expertise is achieved. Here we aimed to characterize that development in terms of sensitivity (response to printed words relative to non-linguistic faces) versus specificity (response to printed words versus line drawings of nameable objects) in typically reading children ages 7-14 versus young adults as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Relative to adults, children displayed equivalent sensitivity but reduced specificity. These findings suggest that sensitivity for print relative to non-linguistic stimuli develops relatively early in the VWFA in the course of reading development, but that specificity for printed words in VWFA is still developing through at least age 14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy M Centanni
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 43 Vassar St., 46-4033 Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Livia W King
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 43 Vassar St., 46-4033 Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Marianna D Eddy
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 43 Vassar St., 46-4033 Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 43 Vassar St., 46-4033 Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - John D E Gabrieli
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 43 Vassar St., 46-4033 Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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129
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Caballero-Gaudes C, Reynolds RC. Methods for cleaning the BOLD fMRI signal. Neuroimage 2017; 154:128-149. [PMID: 27956209 PMCID: PMC5466511 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood oxygen-level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD fMRI) has rapidly become a popular technique for the investigation of brain function in healthy individuals, patients as well as in animal studies. However, the BOLD signal arises from a complex mixture of neuronal, metabolic and vascular processes, being therefore an indirect measure of neuronal activity, which is further severely corrupted by multiple non-neuronal fluctuations of instrumental, physiological or subject-specific origin. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of existing methods for cleaning the BOLD fMRI signal. The description is given from a methodological point of view, focusing on the operation of the different techniques in addition to pointing out the advantages and limitations in their application. Since motion-related and physiological noise fluctuations are two of the main noise components of the signal, techniques targeting their removal are primarily addressed, including both data-driven approaches and using external recordings. Data-driven approaches, which are less specific in the assumed model and can simultaneously reduce multiple noise fluctuations, are mainly based on data decomposition techniques such as principal and independent component analysis. Importantly, the usefulness of strategies that benefit from the information available in the phase component of the signal, or in multiple signal echoes is also highlighted. The use of global signal regression for denoising is also addressed. Finally, practical recommendations regarding the optimization of the preprocessing pipeline for the purpose of denoising and future venues of research are indicated. Through the review, we summarize the importance of signal denoising as an essential step in the analysis pipeline of task-based and resting state fMRI studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard C Reynolds
- Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, USA
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130
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Eisenblätter A, Lewis R, Dörfler A, Forster C, Zimmermann K. Brain mechanisms of abnormal temperature perception in cold allodynia induced by ciguatoxin. Ann Neurol 2017; 81:104-116. [PMID: 27997033 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cold allodynia occurs as a major symptom of neuropathic pain states. It remains poorly treated with current analgesics. Ciguatoxins (CTXs), ichthyosarcotoxins that cause ciguatera, produce a large peripheral sensitization to dynamic cold stimuli in Aδ-fibers by activating sodium channels without producing heat or mechanical allodynia. We used CTXs as a surrogate model of cold allodynia to dissect the framework of cold allodynia-activated central pain pathways. METHODS Reversible cold allodynia was induced in healthy male volunteers by shallow intracutaneous injection of low millimolar concentrations of CTX into the dorsal skin of the forefoot. Cold and warm stimuli were delivered to the treated and the control site using a Peltier-driven thermotest device. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans were acquired with a 3T MRI scanner using a blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) protocol. RESULTS The CTX-induced substantial peripheral sensitization to cooling stimuli in Aδ-fibers is particularly retrieved in BOLD changes due to dynamic temperature changes and less during constant cooling. Brain areas that responded during cold allodynia were almost always located bilaterally and appeared in the medial insula, medial cingulate cortex, secondary somatosensory cortex, frontal areas, and cerebellum. Whereas these areas also produced changes in BOLD signal during the dynamic warming stimulus on the control site, they remained silent during the warming stimuli on the injected site. INTERPRETATION We describe the defining feature of the cold allodynia pain percept in the human brain and illustrate why ciguatera sufferers often report a perceptual temperature reversal. ANN NEUROL 2017;81:104-116.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneka Eisenblätter
- Department of Anesthesiology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Richard Lewis
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Arnd Dörfler
- Department of Neuroradiology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Clemens Forster
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina Zimmermann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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131
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Yakupov R, Lei J, Hoffmann MB, Speck O. False fMRI activation after motion correction. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:4497-4510. [PMID: 28580597 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Motion correction of echo-planar imaging (EPI) data used in functional MRI (fMRI) is an essential preprocessing step performed prior to statistical analysis. At ultra-high resolution fMRI, current requirements regarding translational and rotational motion may no longer be acceptable. This prompts the need for a systematic investigation of the effects of motion correction procedures with in vivo fMRI data. Here we systematically evaluated the effect of retrospective motion correction with freely available fMRI analysis software packages (FSL, AFNI, and SPM) on activation maps using fMRI data acquired with prospective motion detection, to identify and quantify confounding effects of retrospective motion correction, and to evaluate its dependence on spatial resolution and motion correction algorithms. Brain activation maps were obtained for two different resolutions, an ultrahigh, that is, 0.653 mm3 , and a more widely used 2.03 mm3 isotropic resolutions at 7 T. The EPI data were acquired using simultaneous non-image-based optical moiré phase tracking (MPT) of physical motion. The results showed that image-based motion detection, performed by SPM8 software package, may be erroneous in high-field fMRI data with partial brain coverage and can introduce spurious motion leading to false-positive and false-negative activation. Further analyses demonstrated that limited acquisition field of view has the dominant influence on the effect. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4497-4510, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renat Yakupov
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Juan Lei
- Visual Processing Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Brain Imaging Center, Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael B Hoffmann
- Visual Processing Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Speck
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Magdeburg, Germany
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132
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Havsteen I, Ohlhues A, Madsen KH, Nybing JD, Christensen H, Christensen A. Are Movement Artifacts in Magnetic Resonance Imaging a Real Problem?-A Narrative Review. Front Neurol 2017; 8:232. [PMID: 28611728 PMCID: PMC5447676 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Movement artifacts compromise image quality and may interfere with interpretation, especially in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications with low signal-to-noise ratio such as functional MRI or diffusion tensor imaging, and when imaging small lesions. High image resolution has high sensitivity to motion artifacts and often prolongs scan time that again aggravates movement artifacts. During the scan fast imaging techniques and sequences, optimal receiver coils, careful patient positioning, and instruction may minimize movement artifacts. Physiological noise sources are motion from respiration, flow and pulse coupled to cardiac cycles, from the swallowing reflex and small spontaneous head movements. Par example, in resting-state functional MRI spontaneous neuronal activity adds 1–2% of signal change, even under optimal conditions signal contributions from physiological noise remain a considerable fraction hereof. Movement tracking during imaging may allow for prospective correction or postprocessing steps separating signal and noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Havsteen
- Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Ohlhues
- Department of Clinical Engineering Diagnostic Imaging Section, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer H Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Janus Damm Nybing
- Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Christensen
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Christensen
- Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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133
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Li Z, Prudente CN, Stilla R, Sathian K, Jinnah HA, Hu X. Alterations of resting-state fMRI measurements in individuals with cervical dystonia. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:4098-4108. [PMID: 28504361 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical dystonia (CD) is a neurological disorder with typical symptoms of involuntary and abnormal movements and postures of the head. CD-associated alterations of functional brain networks have not been well characterized. Previous studies of CD using resting-state functional MRI (rfMRI) are limited in two aspects: (i) the analyses were not directly focused on the functional brain network related to head movement and (ii) rfMRI measurements other than functional connectivity (FC) were not investigated. The present study examined alterations of FC in CD by capitalizing on newly identified brain regions supporting isometric head rotation (Prudente et al.: J Neurosci 35 (2015) 9163-9172). In addition to FC, which only reflects inter-regional signal synchronization, local, or intraregional alterations were also examined using rfMRI measurements of the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations and regional homogeneity (ReHo). Finally, with alterations of different rfMRI measures identified, a support vector machine (SVM) learning algorithm was implemented for group classification. The results revealed both inter- (FC) and intra-regional (ReHo) alterations extensively distributed in both cortical and subcortical structures; and common alterations of these measures were identified bilaterally in the postcentral gyrus as well as in the basal ganglia and thalamus. Of the rfMRI features examined, seven of them (four FC and three ReHo measures) survived the SVM procedure of recursive feature elimination and together provided the highest group classification accuracy of 90.6%. The present findings extend previous studies of rfMRI in CD and offer insight into the underlying pathophysiology of the disorder in relation to network dysfunction and somatosensory disturbances. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4098-4108, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Li
- School of Psychology and Sociology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Cecília N Prudente
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Randall Stilla
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - K Sathian
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Rehabilitation R&D Center for Visual & Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VAMC, Decatur, Georgia
| | - H A Jinnah
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California
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134
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Randerath J, Valyear KF, Philip BA, Frey SH. Contributions of the parietal cortex to increased efficiency of planning-based action selection. Neuropsychologia 2017; 105:135-143. [PMID: 28438707 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Response selection is foundational to adaptive behavior, and considerable attention has been devoted to investigating this behavior under conditions in which the mapping between stimuli and responses is fixed. Results from prior studies implicate the left supramarginal gyrus (SMg), premotor and prefrontal cortices, as well as the cerebellum in this essential function. Yet, many goal-directed motor behaviors have multiple solutions with flexible mappings between stimuli and responses whose solutions are believed to involve prospective planning. Studies of selection under conditions of flexible mappings also reveal involvement of the left SMg, as well as bilateral premotor, superior parietal cortex (SPL) and pre-supplementary motor (pre-SMA) cortices, along with the cerebellum. This evidence is, however, limited by exclusive reliance on tasks that involve selection in the absence of overt action execution and without complete control of possible confounding effects related to differences in stimulus and response processing demands. Here, we address this limitation through use of a novel fMRI repetition suppression (FMRI-RS) paradigm. In our prime-probe design, participants select and overtly pantomime manual object rotation actions when the relationship between stimuli and responses is either flexible (experimental condition) or fixed (control condition). When trials were repeated in prime-probe pairs of the experimental condition, we detected improvements in performance accompanied by a significant suppression of blood oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) responses in: left SMg extending into and along the length of the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), right IPS, bilateral caudal superior parietal lobule (cSPL), dorsal premotor cortex (dPMC), pre-SMA, and in the lateral cerebellum. Further, region-of-interest analyses revealed interaction effects of fMRI-RS in the experimental versus control condition within left SMg and cerebellum, as well as in bilateral caudal SPL. These efficiency effects cannot be attributed to the repetition of stimulus or response processing, but instead are planning-specific and generally consistent with earlier findings from conventional fMRI investigations. We conclude that repetition-related increases in the efficiency of planning-based selection appears to be associated with parieto-cerebellar networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Randerath
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Germany; Lurija Institute, Kliniken Schmieder, Germany.
| | - Kenneth F Valyear
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, USA; School of Psychology, Bangor University, UK
| | - Benjamin A Philip
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, USA; School of Medicine, Washington University Saint Louis, USA
| | - Scott H Frey
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, USA; Brain Imaging Center, University of Missouri, USA
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Zhang Y, Aganj I, van der Kouwe AJW, Tisdall MD. Effects of Resolution and Registration Algorithm on the Accuracy of EPI vNavs for Real Time Head Motion Correction in MRI. CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOPS. IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION. WORKSHOPS 2017; 2016:583-591. [PMID: 28396821 DOI: 10.1109/cvprw.2016.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Low-resolution, EPI-based Volumetric Navigators (vNavs) have been used as a prospective motion-correction system in a variety of MRI neuroimaging pulse sequences. The use of low-resolution volumes represents a trade-off between motion tracking accuracy and acquisition time. However, this means that registration must be accurate on the order of 0.2 voxels or less to be effective for motion correction. While vNavs have shown promising results in clinical and research use, the choice of navigator and registration algorithm have not previously been systematically evaluated. In this work we experimentally evaluate the accuracy of vNavs, and possible design choices for future improvements to the system, using real human data. We acquired navigator volumes at three isotropic resolutions (6.4 mm, 8 mm, and 10 mm) with known rotations and translations. The vNavs were then rigidly registered using trilinear, tricubic, and cubic B-spline interpolation. We demonstrate a novel refactoring of the cubic B-spline algorithm that stores pre-computed coefficients to reduce the per-interpolation time to be identical to tricubic interpolation. Our results show that increasing vNav resolution improves registration accuracy, and that cubic B-splines provide the highest registration accuracy at all vNav resolutions. Our results also suggest that the time required by vNavs may be reduced by imaging at 10 mm resolution, without substantial cost in registration accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhuo Zhang
- Institute for Applied Computational Science and Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Iman Aganj
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - André J W van der Kouwe
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Dylan Tisdall
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Hoinkiss DC, Porter DA. Prospective motion correction in diffusion-weighted imaging using intermediate pseudo-trace-weighted images. Neuroimage 2017; 149:1-14. [PMID: 28011251 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Subject head motion is a major challenge in diffusion-weighted imaging, which requires a precise alignment of images from different time points to allow a reliable quantification of diffusion parameters within each voxel. The technique requires long measurement times, making it highly sensitive to long-term subject motion, even when head restraint is used. Current methods of data analysis rely on retrospective motion correction, but there are potential benefits to using prospective motion correction, in which motion is tracked and compensated for during data acquisition. This technique is regularly used to enhance image quality in blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) imaging, but its application to diffusion-weighted imaging has been limited by the contrast variation between images acquired with different diffusion-gradient directions. This paper describes a novel approach to this topic that exploits the rotational invariance of the trace of the diffusion tensor to reduce the effect of this contrast variation, making it possible to perform a fast image registration using a least-squares cost function. This results in an image-based motion detection algorithm that can be applied in real time during data acquisition to adapt the slice position and orientation in response to subject motion. The motion detection capabilities of the technique were evaluated in a study of ten subjects with b-values up to 3000s/mm². The resulting motion-parameter estimates were in close agreement with reference values provided by interleaved low-b-value images with a correlation coefficient of R=0.9634 for the voxel displacements measured across all subjects and b-values. The technique was also used to perform prospective motion correction on a standard clinical MRI system with b-values up to 2000s/mm². The correction was evaluated in 3 subjects using interleaved low-b-value images, retrospective image registration using the AFNI processing package and mean diffusivity histogram analysis. Compared to acquisitions without motion correction, prospective motion correction based on pseudo-trace-weighted images was found to provide a robust method for substantially reducing the level of misregistration between volumes. In most cases, misregistrations were reduced to less than 0.2mm of translation and 0.2° of rotation for an isotropic voxel size of 2mm, yielding high-quality diffusion parameter maps even in the absence of head restraint and post-acquisition image registration.
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Liu RW, Shi L, Yu SCH, Xiong N, Wang D. Reconstruction of Undersampled Big Dynamic MRI Data Using Non-Convex Low-Rank and Sparsity Constraints. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 17:E509. [PMID: 28273827 PMCID: PMC5375795 DOI: 10.3390/s17030509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been extensively utilized for enhancing medical living environment visualization, however, in clinical practice it often suffers from long data acquisition times. Dynamic imaging essentially reconstructs the visual image from raw (k,t)-space measurements, commonly referred to as big data. The purpose of this work is to accelerate big medical data acquisition in dynamic MRI by developing a non-convex minimization framework. In particular, to overcome the inherent speed limitation, both non-convex low-rank and sparsity constraints were combined to accelerate the dynamic imaging. However, the non-convex constraints make the dynamic reconstruction problem difficult to directly solve through the commonly-used numerical methods. To guarantee solution efficiency and stability, a numerical algorithm based on Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) is proposed to solve the resulting non-convex optimization problem. ADMM decomposes the original complex optimization problem into several simple sub-problems. Each sub-problem has a closed-form solution or could be efficiently solved using existing numerical methods. It has been proven that the quality of images reconstructed from fewer measurements can be significantly improved using non-convex minimization. Numerous experiments have been conducted on two in vivo cardiac datasets to compare the proposed method with several state-of-the-art imaging methods. Experimental results illustrated that the proposed method could guarantee the superior imaging performance in terms of quantitative and visual image quality assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Wen Liu
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 999077, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 999077, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
- Chow Yuk Ho Technology Center for Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 999077, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
| | - Simon Chun Ho Yu
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 999077, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
| | - Naixue Xiong
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Northeastern State University, Tahlequah, OK 74464, USA.
| | - Defeng Wang
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 999077, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
- Research Center for Medical Image Computing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 999077, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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138
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Song H, Ruan D, Liu W, Stenger VA, Pohmann R, Fernández-Seara MA, Nair T, Jung S, Luo J, Motai Y, Ma J, Hazle JD, Gach HM. Respiratory motion prediction and prospective correction for free-breathing arterial spin-labeled perfusion MRI of the kidneys. Med Phys 2017; 44:962-973. [PMID: 28074528 DOI: 10.1002/mp.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Respiratory motion prediction using an artificial neural network (ANN) was integrated with pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) MRI to allow free-breathing perfusion measurements in the kidney. In this study, we evaluated the performance of the ANN to accurately predict the location of the kidneys during image acquisition. METHODS A pencil-beam navigator was integrated with a pCASL sequence to measure lung/diaphragm motion during ANN training and the pCASL transit delay. The ANN algorithm ran concurrently in the background to predict organ location during the 0.7-s 15-slice acquisition based on the navigator data. The predictions were supplied to the pulse sequence to prospectively adjust the axial slice acquisition to match the predicted organ location. Additional navigators were acquired immediately after the multislice acquisition to assess the performance and accuracy of the ANN. The technique was tested in eight healthy volunteers. RESULTS The root-mean-square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) for the eight volunteers were 1.91 ± 0.17 mm and 1.43 ± 0.17 mm, respectively, for the ANN. The RMSE increased with transit delay. The MAE typically increased from the first to last prediction in the image acquisition. The overshoot was 23.58% ± 3.05% using the target prediction accuracy of ± 1 mm. CONCLUSION Respiratory motion prediction with prospective motion correction was successfully demonstrated for free-breathing perfusion MRI of the kidney. The method serves as an alternative to multiple breathholds and requires minimal effort from the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Song
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dan Ruan
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Biomedical Physics and Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Wenyang Liu
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Biomedical Physics and Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - V Andrew Stenger
- Department of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Rolf Pohmann
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076, Tubingen, Germany
| | | | - Tejas Nair
- DMC R&D Center, Samsung Electronics Inc., Seocho-gu, 06765, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungkyu Jung
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jingqin Luo
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yuichi Motai
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Jingfei Ma
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - John D Hazle
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - H Michael Gach
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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English LK, Fearnbach SN, Wilson SJ, Fisher JO, Savage JS, Rolls BJ, Keller KL. Food portion size and energy density evoke different patterns of brain activation in children. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:295-305. [PMID: 27881393 PMCID: PMC5267299 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.136903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large portions of food promote intake, but the mechanisms that drive this effect are unclear. Previous neuroimaging studies have identified the brain-reward and decision-making systems that are involved in the response to the energy density (ED) (kilocalories per gram) of foods, but few studies have examined the brain response to the food portion size (PS). OBJECTIVE We used functional MRI (fMRI) to determine the brain response to food images that differed in PSs (large and small) and ED (high and low). DESIGN Block-design fMRI was used to assess the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response to images in 36 children (7-10 y old; girls: 50%), which was tested after a 2-h fast. Pre-fMRI fullness and liking were rated on visual analog scales. A whole-brain cluster-corrected analysis was used to compare BOLD activation for main effects of the PS, ED, and their interaction. Secondary analyses were used to associate BOLD contrast values with appetitive traits and laboratory intake from meals for which the portions of all foods were increased. RESULTS Compared with small-PS cues, large-PS cues were associated with decreased activation in the inferior frontal gyrus (P < 0.01). Compared with low-ED cues, high-ED cues were associated with increased activation in multiple regions (e.g., in the caudate, cingulate, and precentral gyrus) and decreased activation in the insula and superior temporal gyrus (P < 0.01 for all). A PS × ED interaction was shown in the superior temporal gyrus (P < 0.01). BOLD contrast values for high-ED cues compared with low-ED cues in the insula, declive, and precentral gyrus were negatively related to appetitive traits (P < 0.05). There were no associations between the brain response to the PS and either appetitive traits or intake. CONCLUSIONS Cues regarding food PS may be processed in the lateral prefrontal cortex, which is a region that is implicated in cognitive control, whereas ED activates multiple areas involved in sensory and reward processing. Possible implications include the development of interventions that target decision-making and reward systems differently to moderate overeating.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jennifer O Fisher
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | - Kathleen L Keller
- Departments of Nutritional Science, .,Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA; and
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Contreras JA, Goñi J, Risacher SL, Amico E, Yoder K, Dzemidzic M, West JD, McDonald BC, Farlow MR, Sporns O, Saykin AJ. Cognitive complaints in older adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease are associated with altered resting-state networks. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING 2016; 6:40-49. [PMID: 28149942 PMCID: PMC5266473 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pathophysiological changes that accompany early clinical symptoms in prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD) may have a disruptive influence on brain networks. We investigated resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI), combined with brain connectomics, to assess changes in whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) in relation to neurocognitive variables. METHODS Participants included 58 older adults who underwent rsfMRI. Individual FC matrices were computed based on a 278-region parcellation. FastICA decomposition was performed on a matrix combining all subjects' FC. Each FC pattern was then used as a response in a multilinear regression model including neurocognitive variables associated with AD (cognitive complaint index [CCI] scores from self and informant, an episodic memory score, and an executive function score). RESULTS Three connectivity independent component analysis (connICA) components (RSN, VIS, and FP-DMN FC patterns) associated with neurocognitive variables were identified based on prespecified criteria. RSN-pattern, characterized by increased FC within all resting-state networks, was negatively associated with self CCI. VIS-pattern, characterized by an increase in visual resting-state network, was negatively associated with CCI self or informant scores. FP-DMN-pattern, characterized by an increased interaction of frontoparietal and default mode networks (DMN), was positively associated with verbal episodic memory. DISCUSSION Specific patterns of FC were differently associated with neurocognitive variables thought to change early in the course of AD. An integrative connectomics approach relating cognition to changes in FC may help identify preclinical and early prodromal stages of AD and help elucidate the complex relationship between subjective and objective indices of cognitive decline and differences in brain functional organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey A. Contreras
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana University Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana University Network Science Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Joaquín Goñi
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana University Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West-Lafayette, IN, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West-Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Shannon L. Risacher
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana University Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Enrico Amico
- Department of Data Analysis, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karmen Yoder
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mario Dzemidzic
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - John D. West
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana University Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Brenna C. McDonald
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana University Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Martin R. Farlow
- Indiana University Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Olaf Sporns
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana University Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana University Network Science Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana University Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana University Network Science Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Corresponding author.
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141
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Herbst M, Poser BA, Singh A, Deng W, Knowles B, Zaitsev M, Stenger VA, Ernst T. Motion correction for diffusion weighted SMS imaging. Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 38:33-38. [PMID: 27988191 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Herbst
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA; Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - B A Poser
- Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre, Faculty of Psychology & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Netherlands
| | - A Singh
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - W Deng
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - B Knowles
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Zaitsev
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - V A Stenger
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - T Ernst
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Altered Intrinsic Functional Brain Architecture in Children at Familial Risk of Major Depression. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 80:849-858. [PMID: 26826874 PMCID: PMC4956583 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroimaging studies of patients with major depression have revealed abnormal intrinsic functional connectivity measured during the resting state in multiple distributed networks. However, it is unclear whether these findings reflect the state of major depression or reflect trait neurobiological underpinnings of risk for major depression. METHODS We compared resting-state functional connectivity, measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging, between unaffected children of parents who had documented histories of major depression (at-risk, n = 27; 8-14 years of age) and age-matched children of parents with no lifetime history of depression (control subjects, n = 16). RESULTS At-risk children exhibited hyperconnectivity between the default mode network and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex/orbital frontal cortex, and the magnitude of connectivity positively correlated with individual symptom scores. At-risk children also exhibited 1) hypoconnectivity within the cognitive control network, which also lacked the typical anticorrelation with the default mode network; 2) hypoconnectivity between left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex; and 3) hyperconnectivity between the right amygdala and right inferior frontal gyrus, a key region for top-down modulation of emotion. Classification between at-risk children and control subjects based on resting-state connectivity yielded high accuracy with high sensitivity and specificity that was superior to clinical rating scales. CONCLUSIONS Children at familial risk for depression exhibited atypical functional connectivity in the default mode, cognitive control, and affective networks. Such task-independent functional brain measures of risk for depression in children could be used to promote early intervention to reduce the likelihood of developing depression.
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Prudente CN, Stilla R, Singh S, Buetefisch C, Evatt M, Factor SA, Freeman A, Hu XP, Hess EJ, Sathian K, Jinnah HA. A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Head Movements in Cervical Dystonia. Front Neurol 2016; 7:201. [PMID: 27895619 PMCID: PMC5108767 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical dystonia (CD) is a neurological disorder characterized by abnormal movements and postures of the head. The brain regions responsible for these abnormal movements are not well understood, because most imaging techniques for assessing regional brain activity cannot be used when the head is moving. Recently, we mapped brain activation in healthy individuals using functional magnetic resonance imaging during isometric head rotation, when muscle contractions occur without actual head movements. In the current study, we used the same methods to explore the neural substrates for head movements in subjects with CD who had predominantly rotational abnormalities (torticollis). Isometric wrist extension was examined for comparison. Electromyography of neck and hand muscles ensured compliance with tasks during scanning, and any head motion was measured and corrected. Data were analyzed in three steps. First, we conducted within-group analyses to examine task-related activation patterns separately in subjects with CD and in healthy controls. Next, we directly compared task-related activation patterns between participants with CD and controls. Finally, considering that the abnormal head movements in CD occur in a consistently patterned direction for each individual, we conducted exploratory analyses that involved normalizing data according to the direction of rotational CD. The between-group comparisons failed to reveal any significant differences, but the normalization procedure in subjects with CD revealed that isometric head rotation in the direction of dystonic head rotation was associated with more activation in the ipsilateral anterior cerebellum, whereas isometric head rotation in the opposite direction was associated with more activity in sensorimotor cortex. These findings suggest that the cerebellum contributes to abnormal head rotation in CD, whereas regions in the cerebral cortex are involved in opposing the involuntary movements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Randall Stilla
- Department of Neurology, Emory University , Atlanta, GA , USA
| | - Shivangi Singh
- Department of Neurology, Emory University , Atlanta, GA , USA
| | - Cathrin Buetefisch
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Marian Evatt
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Atlanta Parkinson's Consortium Center, Atlanta VAMC, Decatur, GA, USA
| | | | - Alan Freeman
- Department of Neurology, Emory University , Atlanta, GA , USA
| | - Xiaoping Philip Hu
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University , Atlanta, GA , USA
| | - Ellen J Hess
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - K Sathian
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, USA; Rehabilitation R&D Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VAMC, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - H A Jinnah
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Zaitsev M, Akin B, LeVan P, Knowles BR. Prospective motion correction in functional MRI. Neuroimage 2016; 154:33-42. [PMID: 27845256 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the intrinsic low sensitivity of BOLD-fMRI long scanning is required. Subject motion during fMRI scans reduces statistical significance of the activation maps and increases the prevalence of false activations. Motion correction is therefore an essential tool for a successful fMRI data analysis. Retrospective motion correction techniques are now commonplace and are incorporated into a wide range of fMRI analysis toolboxes. These techniques are advantageous due to robustness, sequence independence and have minimal impact on the fMRI study setup. Retrospective techniques however, do not provide an accurate intra-volume correction, nor can these techniques correct for the spin-history effects. The application of prospective motion correction in fMRI appears to be effective in reducing false positives and increasing sensitivity when compared to retrospective techniques, particularly in the cases of substantial motion. Especially advantageous in this regard is the combination of prospective motion correction with dynamic distortion correction. Nevertheless, none of the recent methods are able to recover activations in presence of motion that are comparable to no-motion conditions, which motivates further research in the area of adaptive dynamic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Zaitsev
- Department of Radiology - Medical Physics, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg - Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Burak Akin
- Department of Radiology - Medical Physics, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg - Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pierre LeVan
- Department of Radiology - Medical Physics, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg - Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin R Knowles
- Department of Radiology - Medical Physics, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg - Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany
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Afacan O, Erem B, Roby DP, Roth N, Roth A, Prabhu SP, Warfield SK. Evaluation of motion and its effect on brain magnetic resonance image quality in children. Pediatr Radiol 2016; 46:1728-1735. [PMID: 27488508 PMCID: PMC5083190 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-016-3677-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motion artifacts pose significant problems for the acquisition of MR images in pediatric populations. OBJECTIVE To evaluate temporal motion metrics in MRI scanners and their effect on image quality in pediatric populations in neuroimaging studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS We report results from a large pediatric brain imaging study that shows the effect of motion on MRI quality. We measured motion metrics in 82 pediatric patients, mean age 13.4 years, in a T1-weighted brain MRI scan. As a result of technical difficulties, 5 scans were not included in the subsequent analyses. A radiologist graded the images using a 4-point scale ranging from clinically non-diagnostic because of motion artifacts to no motion artifacts. We used these grades to correlate motion parameters such as maximum motion, mean displacement from a reference point, and motion-free time with image quality. RESULTS Our results show that both motion-free time (as a ratio of total scan time) and average displacement from a position at a fixed time (when the center of k-space was acquired) were highly correlated with image quality, whereas maximum displacement was not as good a predictor. Among the 77 patients whose motion was measured successfully, 17 had average displacements of greater than 0.5 mm, and 11 of those (14.3%) resulted in non-diagnostic images. Similarly, 14 patients (18.2%) had less than 90% motion-free time, which also resulted in non-diagnostic images. CONCLUSION We report results from a large pediatric study to show how children and young adults move in the MRI scanner and the effect that this motion has on image quality. The results will help the motion-correction community in better understanding motion patterns in pediatric populations and how these patterns affect MR image quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Afacan
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave., WB215, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Burak Erem
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave., WB215, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Diona P Roby
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave., WB215, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Noam Roth
- Robin Medical Inc., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amir Roth
- Robin Medical Inc., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sanjay P Prabhu
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave., WB215, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Simon K Warfield
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave., WB215, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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146
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Baran B, Karahanoğlu FI, Agam Y, Mantonakis L, Manoach DS. Failure to mobilize cognitive control for challenging tasks correlates with symptom severity in schizophrenia. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2016; 12:887-893. [PMID: 27872811 PMCID: PMC5109850 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Deficits in the adaptive, flexible control of behavior contribute to the clinical manifestations of schizophrenia. We used functional MRI and an antisaccade paradigm to examine the neural correlates of cognitive control deficits and their relations to symptom severity. Thirty-three chronic medicated outpatients with schizophrenia and 31 healthy controls performed an antisaccade paradigm. We examined differences in recruitment of the cognitive control network and task performance for Hard (high control) versus Easy (low control) antisaccade trials within and between groups. We focused on the key regions involved in ‘top-down’ control of ocular motor structures – dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. In patients, we examined whether difficulty implementing cognitive control correlated with symptom severity. Patients made more errors overall, and had shorter saccadic latencies than controls on correct Hard vs. Easy trials. Unlike controls, patients failed to increase activation in the cognitive control network for Hard vs. Easy trials. Reduced activation for Hard vs. Easy trials predicted higher error rates in both groups and increased symptom severity in schizophrenia. These findings suggest that patients with schizophrenia are impaired in mobilizing cognitive control when presented with challenges and that this contributes to deficits suppressing prepotent but contextually inappropriate responses, to behavior that is stimulus-bound and error-prone rather than flexibly guided by context, and to symptom expression. Therapies aimed at increasing cognitive control may improve both cognitive flexibility and reduce the impact of symptoms. Patients with schizophrenia fail to mobilize the cognitive control network during a challenging cognitive task. This deficit results in behavior that is stimulus-bound and error-prone rather than flexibly guided by context. Therapies aimed at increasing cognitive control may improve both cognitive flexibility and reduce the impact of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengi Baran
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - F Işık Karahanoğlu
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Yigal Agam
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Leonidas Mantonakis
- Psychiatry Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dara S Manoach
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, United States
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147
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Fehlner A, Hirsch S, Weygandt M, Christophel T, Barnhill E, Kadobianskyi M, Braun J, Bernarding J, Lützkendorf R, Sack I, Hetzer S. Increasing the spatial resolution and sensitivity of magnetic resonance elastography by correcting for subject motion and susceptibility-induced image distortions. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 46:134-141. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Fehlner
- Department of Radiology; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Sebastian Hirsch
- Institute of Medical Informatics; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Martin Weygandt
- Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience; Berlin Germany
| | - Thomas Christophel
- Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience; Berlin Germany
| | - Eric Barnhill
- Department of Radiology; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Mykola Kadobianskyi
- Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience; Berlin Germany
| | - Jürgen Braun
- Institute of Medical Informatics; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Johannes Bernarding
- Institute of Biometry and Medical Informatics; Otto-von-Guericke University; Magdeburg Germany
| | - Ralf Lützkendorf
- Institute of Biometry and Medical Informatics; Otto-von-Guericke University; Magdeburg Germany
| | - Ingolf Sack
- Department of Radiology; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Stefan Hetzer
- Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience; Berlin Germany
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148
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Marami B, Scherrer B, Afacan O, Erem B, Warfield SK, Gholipour A. Motion-Robust Diffusion-Weighted Brain MRI Reconstruction Through Slice-Level Registration-Based Motion Tracking. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2016; 35:2258-2269. [PMID: 27834639 PMCID: PMC5108524 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2016.2555244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This work proposes a novel approach for motion-robust diffusion-weighted (DW) brain MRI reconstruction through tracking temporal head motion using slice-to-volume registration. The slice-level motion is estimated through a filtering approach that allows tracking the head motion during the scan and correcting for out-of-plane inconsistency in the acquired images. Diffusion-sensitized image slices are registered to a base volume sequentially over time in the acquisition order where an outlier-robust Kalman filter, coupled with slice-to-volume registration, estimates head motion parameters. Diffusion gradient directions are corrected for the aligned DWI slices based on the computed rotation parameters and the diffusion tensors are directly estimated from the corrected data at each voxel using weighted linear least squares. The method was evaluated in DWI scans of adult volunteers who deliberately moved during scans as well as clinical DWI of 28 neonates and children with different types of motion. Experimental results showed marked improvements in DWI reconstruction using the proposed method compared to the state-of-the-art DWI analysis based on volume-to-volume registration. This approach can be readily used to retrieve information from motion-corrupted DW imaging data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Marami
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Benoit Scherrer
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Onur Afacan
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Burak Erem
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Simon K. Warfield
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Ali Gholipour
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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149
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Li X, Thermenos HW, Wu Z, Momura Y, Wu K, Keshavan M, Seidman L, DeLisi LE. Abnormal interactions of verbal- and spatial-memory networks in young people at familial high-risk for schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2016; 176:100-105. [PMID: 27481817 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Working memory impairment (especially in verbal and spatial domains) is the core neurocognitive impairment in schizophrenia and the familial high-risk (FHR) population. Inconsistent results have been reported in clinical and neuroimaging studies examining the verbal- and spatial-memory deficits in the FHR subjects, due to sample differences and lack of understanding on interactions of the brain regions for processing verbal- and spatial-working memory. METHODS Functional MRI data acquired during a verbal- vs. spatial-memory task were included from 51 young adults [26 FHR and 25 controls]. Group comparisons were conducted in brain activation patterns responding to 1) verbal-memory condition (A), 2) spatial-memory condition (B), 3) verbal higher than spatial (A-B), 4) spatial higher than verbal (B-A), 5) conjunction of brain regions that were activated during both A and B (A∧B). Group difference of the laterality index (LI) in inferior frontal lobe for condition A was also assessed. RESULTS Compared to controls, the FHR group exhibited significantly decreased brain activity in left inferior frontal during A, and significantly stronger involvement of ACC, PCC, paracentral gyrus for the contrast of A-B. The LI showed a trend of reduced left-higher-than-right pattern for verbal-memory processing in the HR group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that in the entire functional brain network for working-memory processing, verbal information processing associated brain pathways are significantly altered in people at familial high risk for developing schizophrenia. Future studies will need to examine whether these alterations may indicate vulnerability for predicting the onset of Schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Electric and Computer Engineering, , New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA.
| | | | - Ziyan Wu
- Department of Electric and Computer Engineering, , New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Yoko Momura
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Beth Israel-Deakoness Hospital, MA, USA
| | - Lawrence Seidman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Beth Israel-Deakoness Hospital, MA, USA
| | - Lynn E DeLisi
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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150
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Goksan S, Hartley C, Hurley SA, Winkler AM, Duff EP, Jenkinson M, Rogers R, Clare S, Slater R. Optimal echo time for functional MRI of the infant brain identified in response to noxious stimulation. Magn Reson Med 2016; 78:625-631. [PMID: 27654315 PMCID: PMC5516146 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) brain activity, measured using functional MRI (fMRI), is dependent on the echo time (TE) and the reversible spin–spin relaxation time constant (
T2*) that describes the decay of transverse magnetization. Use of the optimal TE during fMRI experiments allows maximal sensitivity to BOLD to be achieved. Reports that
T2* values are longer in infants (due to higher water concentrations and lower lipid content) have led to the use of longer TEs during infant fMRI experiments; however, the optimal TE has not been established. Methods In this study, acute experimental mildly noxious stimuli were applied to the heel in 12 term infants (mean gestational age = 40 weeks, mean postnatal age = 3 days); and the percentage change in BOLD activity was calculated across a range of TEs, from 30 to 70 ms, at 3 Tesla. In addition,
T2* maps of the whole brain were collected in seven infants. Results The maximal change in BOLD occurred at a TE of 52 ms, and the average
T2* across the whole brain was 99 ms. Conclusion A TE of approximately 50 ms is recommended for use in 3T fMRI investigations in term infants. Magn Reson Med 78:625–631, 2017. © 2016 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezgi Goksan
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Hartley
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel A Hurley
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anderson M Winkler
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eugene P Duff
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Jenkinson
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Rogers
- Nuffield Department of Anaesthetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Clare
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rebeccah Slater
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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