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Johnson A, Stewart A, El-Hakim I, Hamilton TJ. Effects of super-class cannabis terpenes beta-caryophyllene and alpha-pinene on zebrafish behavioural biomarkers. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17250. [PMID: 36241680 PMCID: PMC9568608 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21552-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpenes possess a wide range of medicinal properties and are potential therapeutics for a variety of pathological conditions. This study investigated the acute effects of two cannabis terpenes, β-caryophyllene and α-pinene, on zebrafish locomotion, anxiety-like, and boldness behaviour using the open field exploration and novel object approach tests. β-caryophyllene was administered in 0.02%, 0.2%, 2.0%, and 4% doses. α-pinene was administered in 0.01%, 0.02%, and 0.1% doses. As α-pinene is a racemic compound, we also tested its (+) and (-) enantiomers to observe any differential effects. β-caryophyllene had only a sedative effect at the highest dose tested. α-pinene had differing dose-dependent effects on anxiety-like and motor variables. Specifically, (+)-α-pinene and (-)-α-pinene had significant effects on anxiety measures, time spent in the thigmotaxis (outer) or center zone, in the open field test, as well as locomotor variables, swimming velocity and immobility. (+ /-)-α-pinene showed only a small effect on the open field test on immobility at the 0.1% dose. This study demonstrates that α-pinene can have a sedative or anxiolytic effect in zebrafish and may have different medicinal properties when isolated into its (+) or (-) enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Johnson
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Alycia Stewart
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ismaeel El-Hakim
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Trevor J Hamilton
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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102
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Saqib S, Ullah F, Naeem M, Younas M, Ayaz A, Ali S, Zaman W. Mentha: Nutritional and Health Attributes to Treat Various Ailments Including Cardiovascular Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196728. [PMID: 36235263 PMCID: PMC9572119 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A poor diet, resulting in malnutrition, is a critical challenge that leads to a variety of metabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Mentha species are famous as therapeutic herbs and have long served as herbal medicine. Recently, the demand for its products, such as herbal drugs, medicines, and natural herbal formulations, has increased significantly. However, the available literature lacks a thorough overview of Mentha phytochemicals' effects for reducing malnutritional risks against cardiovascular diseases. In this context, we aimed to review the recent advances of Mentha phytochemicals and future challenges for reducing malnutritional risks in cardiovascular patients. Current studies indicated that Mentha species phytochemicals possess unique antimicrobial, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, and antioxidant potential, which can be used as herbal medicine directly or indirectly (such as food ingredients) and are effective in controlling and curing cardiovascular diseases. The presence of aromatic and flavor compounds of Mentha species greatly enhance the nutritional values of the food. Further interdisciplinary investigations are pivotal to explore main volatile compounds, synergistic actions of phytochemicals, organoleptic effects, and stability of Mentha sp. phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saddam Saqib
- Department of Biotechnology, Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University, Nerian Sharif 12080, AJ&K, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- China Sinovita Bioengineering Group, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Muhammad Younas
- Department of Biotechnology, Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University, Nerian Sharif 12080, AJ&K, Pakistan
| | - Asma Ayaz
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Horticulture and Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (W.Z.)
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103
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Vukic MD, Obradovic AD, Vukovic NL, Kačániová M, Djurdjevic PM, Djelic GT, Matic MM. Chemical Composition, Antitumor Potential, and Impact on Redox Homeostasis of the Essential Oils of Orlaya grandiflora from Two Climate Localities. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27185908. [PMID: 36144644 PMCID: PMC9504480 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that abiotic components can affect biosynthetic pathways in the production of certain volatile compounds. The aim of this study was to compare the chemical composition of essential oils obtained from Orlaya grandiflora (L.) Hoffm. collected from two localities in Serbia (continental climate, OG1) and Montenegro (Mediterranean climate, OG2) and to assess their antitumor potential on the human colon cancer HCT-116 and breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell lines. EOs obtained by hydrodistillation were analyzed using GC-MS and GC-FID methods. The results indicate considerable differences in the chemical compositions of the two samples. Although in both samples the main class of volatiles observed was sesquiterpenes (47.5% for OG1 and 70.1% for OG2), the OG1 sample was characterized by a high amount of monoterpene hydrocarbons (29.3%), and sesquiterpene germacrene D (29.5%) as the most abundant compound. On the other hand, the OG2 sample contained a high quantity of oxygenated sesquiterpenes (20.6%), and β-elemene (22.7%) was the major constituent. The possible antitumor mechanisms of these EOs in the HCT-116 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines were examined by means of cell viability, apoptosis, redox potential, and migratory capacity. The antiviability potential appeared to be dose dependent, since the results showed that both EOs decreased the viability of the tested cells. Stronger antitumor effects were shown in MDA-MB-231 cells after short-term treatment, especially at the highest applied concentration, where the percentage of viability was reduced by over 40%. All tested concentrations of EOs exhibited proapoptotic activity and elevated activity of caspase-3 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The results also showed decreased concentrations of superoxide anion radical in the treated cells, which indicates their significant antioxidative role. Long-term treatments showed mild recovery effects on cell viability in both cell lines, probably caused by the balancing of redox homeostasis. Elevated levels of nitrites indicate high levels of nitric oxide (NO) production and suggest its higher bioavailability due to the antioxidative environment. The tested EOs also induced a drop in migratory capacity, especially after short-time treatments. Taken together, these results suggest considerable antitumor activity of both EOs, which could have potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena D. Vukic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ana D. Obradovic
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nenad L. Vukovic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Correspondence:
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
- Department of Bioenergy, Food Technology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St, 35601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Predrag M. Djurdjevic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic for Hematology Clinical Center Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Gorica T. Djelic
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milos M. Matic
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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104
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Dutta R, Bhattacharya E, Pramanik A, Hughes TA, Mandal Biswas S. Potent nutraceuticals having antioxidant, DNA damage protecting potential and anti-cancer properties from the leaves of four Ficus species. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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105
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Qin Y, Chen X, Wang L, Wei X, Mo H, Wei X, Liang J. Measurement and correlation of isothermal vapor-liquid equilibrium for (−)-β-caryophyllene + p-cymene with dehydroabietic acid at 313.15, 323.15, and 333.15K. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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106
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Miclea I. Secondary Metabolites with Biomedical Applications from Plants of the Sarraceniaceae Family. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9877. [PMID: 36077275 PMCID: PMC9456395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnivorous plants have fascinated researchers and hobbyists for centuries because of their mode of nutrition which is unlike that of other plants. They are able to produce bioactive compounds used to attract, capture and digest prey but also as a defense mechanism against microorganisms and free radicals. The main purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the secondary metabolites with significant biological activity found in the Sarraceniaceae family. The review also underlines the necessity of future studies for the biochemical characterization of the less investigated species. Darlingtonia, Heliamphora and Sarracenia plants are rich in compounds with potential pharmaceutical and medical uses. These belong to several classes such as flavonoids, with flavonol glycosides being the most abundant, monoterpenes, triterpenes, sesquiterpenes, fatty acids, alkaloids and others. Some of them are well characterized in terms of chemical properties and biological activity and have widespread commercial applications. The review also discusses biological activity of whole extracts and commercially available products derived from Sarraceniaceae plants. In conclusion, this review underscores that Sarraceniaceae species contain numerous substances with the potential to advance health. Future perspectives should focus on the discovery of new molecules and increasing the production of known compounds using biotechnological methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Miclea
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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107
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Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant Potential and Toxicity Evaluation of the Essential Oils from Duguetia and Xylopia Species (Annonaceae) from the Brazilian Amazon. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091709. [PMID: 36139777 PMCID: PMC9495368 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oils (EOs) of Duguetia echinophora, D. riparia, Xylopia emarginata and X. frutescens (Annonaceae) were obtained by hydrodistillation and the chemical composition was analyzed by GC-MS. An antioxidant assay using the ABTS and DPPH radicals scavenging method and cytotoxic assays against Artemia salina were also performed. We evaluated the interaction of the major compounds of the most toxic EO (X. emarginata) with the binding pocket of the enzyme Acetylcholinesterase, a molecular target related to toxicity in models of Artemia salina. The chemical composition of the EO of D. echinophora was characterized by β-phellandrene (39.12%), sabinene (17.08%) and terpinolene (11.17%). Spathulenol (22.22%), caryophyllene oxide (12.21%), humulene epoxide II (11.86%) and allo-aromadendrene epoxide (10.20%) were the major constituents of the EO from D. riparia. Spathulenol (5.65%) and caryophyllene oxide (5.63%) were the major compounds of the EO from X. emarginata. The EO of X. frutescens was characterized by α-pinene (20.84%) and byciclogermacrene (7.85%). The results of the radical scavenger DPPH assays ranged from 15.87 to 69.38% and the highest percentage of inhibition was observed for the EO of X. emarginata, while for ABTS radical scavenging, the antioxidant capacity of EOs varied from 14.61 to 63.67%, and the highest percentage of inhibition was observed for the EO of X. frutescens. The EOs obtained from D. echinophora, X. emarginata and X. frutescens showed high toxicity, while the EO of D. riparia was non-toxic. Because the EO of X. emarginata is the most toxic, we evaluated how its major constituents were able to interact with the Acetylcholinesterase enzyme. The docking results show that the compounds are able to bind to the binding pocket through non-covalent interactions with the residues of the binding pocket. The species X. emarginata and X. frutescens are the most promising sources of antioxidant compounds; in addition, the results obtained for preliminary cytotoxicity of the EOs of these species may also indicate a potential biological activity.
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108
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Tripathi MK, Singh P, Kumar M, Sharma K, Singh TP, Ethayathulla AS, Kaur P. Identification of a promising inhibitor from Illicium verum (star anise) against the main protease of SARS-CoV-2: insights from the computational study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-17. [PMID: 35980746 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2112621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the causing agent of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), first broke out in Wuhan and rapidly spread worldwide, resulting in a global health emergency. The lack of specific drugs against the coronavirus has made its spread challenging to control. The main protease (Mpro) is a key enzyme of SARS-CoV-2 used as a key target in drug discovery against the coronavirus. Medicines derived from plant phytoconstituents have been widely exploited to treat various diseases. The present study has evaluated the potential of Illicium verum (star anise) phytoconstituents against Mpro by implementing a computational approach. We performed molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation study with a set of 60 compounds to identify their potential to inhibit the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2. DFT study and post dynamics free energy calculations were also performed to strengthen the findings. The identified four compounds by docking study exhibited the highest potential compared to other selected phytoconstituents. Further, density functional theory (DFT) calculation, molecular dynamics simulation and post dynamics MM-GBSA energy calculation predicted Verimol-G as a potential compound, which formed stable interactions through the catalytic dyad residues. The HOMO orbital energy (-0.250038) from DFT and the post dynamics binding free energy calculation (-73.33 Kcal/mol) correlate, suggesting Verimol-G is the best inhibitor compared to the other phytoconstituents. This compound also complies with the ADME properties of drug likeliness. Thus, based on a computational study, we suggest that Verimol G may be developed as a potential inhibitor against the main protease to combat COVID-19.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pushpendra Singh
- State Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kuldeep Sharma
- State Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India
| | - T P Singh
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A S Ethayathulla
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Punit Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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109
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Ahmed SS, Al-Mamun A, Hossain SI, Akter F, Ahammad I, Chowdhury ZM, Salimullah M. Virtual screening reveals liquiritigenin as a broad-spectrum inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern: an in silico study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-19. [PMID: 35971968 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2111361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 has severely impacted the lives of people worldwide. Global concern is on the rise due to a large number of unexpected mutations in the viral genome, resulting in new variants. Nature-based bioactive phytochemicals hold great promise as inhibitors against pathogenic viruses. The current study was aimed at evaluating some bioactive antiviral phytochemicals against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. A total of 46 phytochemicals were screened against the pathogenic spike protein of Alpha, Beta, Delta, Gamma, and Omicron variants. In addition to molecular docking, screening for favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity was undertaken. For each of the aforementioned five SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, a 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation was run to assess the stability of the complexes between their respective spike protein receptor-binding domain and the best-selected compound. From our current investigation, the natural compound liquiritigenin turned out to be the most promising potential lead compound against almost all the variants. These findings could pave the way for the development of effective medications against SARS-CoV-2 variants. However, in vivo trials in future studies are necessary for further validation of our results.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdullah Al-Mamun
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Shah Imran Hossain
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Akter
- Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ishtiaque Ahammad
- Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zeshan Mahmud Chowdhury
- Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Salimullah
- Molecular Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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110
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Weimer P, Kreutz T, Limberger RP, Rossi RC, de Lima ÁAN, Veiga VF, de Araújo BV, Koester LS. Correlation between the Skin Permeation Profile of the Synthetic Sesquiterpene Compounds, Beta-Caryophyllene and Caryophyllene Oxide, and the Antiedematogenic Activity by Topical Application of Nanoemulgels. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081102. [PMID: 36008995 PMCID: PMC9405972 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sesquiterpene compounds are applied as permeation promoters in topical formulations. However, studies exploring their impact on nanostructured systems, changes in permeation profile, and consequently, its biological activity are restricted. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the skin permeation of the major sesquiterpenes, beta-caryophyllene, and caryophyllene oxide from the oleoresin of Copaifera multijuga, after delivery into topical nanoemulgels, and the in vivo antiedematogenic activity. First, ten nanoemulgels were prepared and characterized, and their in vitro permeation profile and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity were evaluated. In equivalent concentrations, β-caryophyllene permeation was greater from oleoresin nanoemulgels, resulting in greater in vivo antiedematogenic activity. However, an inverse relationship was observed for caryophyllene oxide, which showed its favored permeation and better in vivo anti-inflammatory effect carried as an isolated compound in the nanoemulgels. These results suggest that the presence of similar compounds may interfere with the permeation profile when comparing the profiles of the compounds alone or when presented in oleoresin. Furthermore, the correlation results between the permeation profile and in vivo antiedematogenic activity corroborate the establishment of beta-caryophyllene as an essential compound for this pharmacological activity of C. multijuga oleoresin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Weimer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Tainá Kreutz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Renata P. Limberger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Rochele C. Rossi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Alimentos, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), São Leopoldo 93022-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Ádley A. N. de Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil
| | - Valdir F. Veiga
- Instituto Militar de Engenharia (IME), Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bibiana Verlindo de Araújo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia S. Koester
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-51-33085278; Fax: +55-51-33085437
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111
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Lu S, Zhou C, Guo X, Du Z, Cheng Y, Wang Z, He X. Enhancing fluxes through the mevalonate pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by engineering the HMGR and β-alanine metabolism. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:2292-2306. [PMID: 35531990 PMCID: PMC9328733 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mevalonate (MVA) pathway is the core for terpene and sterol biosynthesis, whose metabolic flux influences the synthesis efficiency of such compounds. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an attractive chassis for the native active MVA pathway. Here, the truncated form of Enterococcus faecalis MvaE with only 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) activity was found to be the most effective enzyme for MVA pathway flux using squalene as the metabolic marker, resulting in 431-fold and 9-fold increases of squalene content in haploid and industrial yeast strains respectively. Furthermore, a positive correlation between MVA metabolic flux and β-alanine metabolic activity was found based on a metabolomic analysis. An industrial strain SQ3-4 with high MVA metabolic flux was constructed by combined engineering HMGR activity, NADPH regeneration, cytosolic acetyl-CoA supply and β-alanine metabolism. The strain was further evaluated as the chassis for terpenoids production. Strain SQ3-4-CPS generated from expressing β-caryophyllene synthase in SQ3-4 produced 11.86 ± 0.09 mg l-1 β-caryophyllene, while strain SQ3-5 resulted from down-regulation of ERG1 in SQ3-4 produced 408.88 ± 0.09 mg l-1 squalene in shake flask cultivations. Strain SQ3-5 produced 4.94 g l-1 squalene in fed-batch fermentation in cane molasses medium, indicating the promising potential for cost-effective production of squalene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surui Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic EngineeringState Key Laboratory of MycologyInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Chenyao Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic EngineeringState Key Laboratory of MycologyInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Xuena Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic EngineeringState Key Laboratory of MycologyInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Zhengda Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic EngineeringState Key Laboratory of MycologyInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yanfei Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic EngineeringState Key Laboratory of MycologyInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Zhaoyue Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic EngineeringState Key Laboratory of MycologyInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Xiuping He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic EngineeringState Key Laboratory of MycologyInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
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112
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Investigating anticancer potency of in vitro propagated endemic Thymus cilicicus Boiss. & Bal. extract on human lung, breast, and prostate cancer cell lines. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01168-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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113
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Phytochemical Profile and Herbicidal (Phytotoxic), Antioxidants Potential of Essential Oils from Calycolpus goetheanus (Myrtaceae) Specimens, and in Silico Study. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154678. [PMID: 35897853 PMCID: PMC9331371 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oil (EO) of Calycolpus goetheanus (Myrtaceae) specimens (A, B, and C) were obtained through hydrodistillation. The analysis of the chemical composition of the EOs was by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry CG-MS, and gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector CG-FID. The phytotoxic activity of those EOs was evaluated against two weed species from common pasture areas in the Amazon region: Mimosa pudica L. and Senna obtusifolia (L.) The antioxidant capacity of the EOs was determined by (DPPH•) and (ABTS•+). Using molecular docking, we evaluated the interaction mode of the major EO compounds with the molecular binding protein 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD). The EO of specimen A was characterized by β-eudesmol (22.83%), (E)-caryophyllene (14.61%), and γ-eudesmol (13.87%), while compounds 1,8-cineole (8.64%), (E)-caryophyllene (5.86%), δ-cadinene (5.78%), and palustrol (4.97%) characterize the chemical profile of specimen B’s EOs, and specimen C had α-cadinol (9.03%), δ-cadinene (8.01%), and (E)-caryophyllene (6.74%) as the majority. The phytotoxic potential of the EOs was observed in the receptor species M. pudica with percentages of inhibition of 30%, and 33.33% for specimens B and C, respectively. The EOs’ antioxidant in DPPH• was 0.79 ± 0.08 and 0.83 ± 0.02 mM for specimens A and B, respectively. In the TEAC, was 0.07 ± 0.02 mM for specimen A and 0.12 ± 0.06 mM for specimen B. In the results of the in silico study, we observed that the van der Waals and hydrophobic interactions of the alkyl and pi-alkyl types were the main interactions responsible for the formation of the receptor–ligand complex.
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Preliminary Study on Phytochemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Essential Oil from Myriactis nepalensis Less. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144631. [PMID: 35889501 PMCID: PMC9324352 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to the need for novel therapeutic strategies to combat the development of microbial resistance, plant essential oils may represent a promising alternative source. This study set out to characterize the chemical composition and assess the antibacterial potential of Myriactis nepalensis Less. essential oil (MNEO). Essential oil isolated from M. nepalensis by hydrodistillation was analyzed using a GC–MS technique. The antibacterial properties of MNEO alone and combined with antibiotics (chloramphenicol and streptomycin) were tested via the disc diffusion, microbroth dilution, and checkerboard methods. MNEO was represented by oxygenated sesquiterpenes (60.3%) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (28.6%), with caryophyllene oxide, spathulenol, humulene epoxide II, β-elemene, neointermedeol, and β-caryophyllene as the main compounds. MNEO exhibited a strong antibacterial effect against Gram-positive bacteria, with MIC and MBC values of 0.039 mg/mL and 0.039–0.156 mg/mL, respectively, and synergistic effects were observed in both combinations with chloramphenicol and streptomycin. Furthermore, the antibiofilm and cytotoxic activities of MNEO were also evaluated. The crystal violet assay was used for quantification of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation, and an MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay was conducted to determine cell viability. The results revealed MNEO could dose-dependently inhibit Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation and possessed potential cytotoxic on both normal and cancer cells (IC50 values from 13.13 ± 1.90 to 35.22 ± 8.36 μg/mL). Overall, the results indicate that MNEO may have promising applications in the field of bacterial infections.
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Hu Q, Zuo T, Deng L, Chen S, Yu W, Liu S, Liu J, Wang X, Fan X, Dong Z. β-Caryophyllene suppresses ferroptosis induced by cerebral ischemia reperfusion via activation of the NRF2/HO-1 signaling pathway in MCAO/R rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 102:154112. [PMID: 35550220 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is a complex brain disease regulated by several cell death processes, including apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. β-Caryophyllene (BCP), a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene abundantly found in essential oils, has been demonstrated to have potential pharmacological benefits in many diseases, including ischemic stroke. PURPOSE This research was to determine the existence of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of acute ischemic stroke and investigate whether BCP can inhibit ferroptosis to improve cerebral ischemia injury by activating the NRF2/HO-1 signaling pathway in rats. METHODS First, we verified ferroptosis by assessing proferroptotic changes after middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion (MCAO/R), along with protein and lipid peroxidation levels. Then male rats were divided randomly into Sham, MCAO/R, ML385 (NRF2-specific inhibitor) and BCP groups. The effects of BCP on cerebral injury were detected by the modified neurological severity score, TTC staining, and hematoxylin-eosin staining. We conducted western blotting analyzes of proteins, including those involved in ferroptosis and related signaling pathways. To demonstrate the neuroprotective effect of BCP in vitro, primary astrocytes were pretreated with different concentrations of BCP (10, 20, and 40 μM) for 24 h before oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation (ODG/R). RESULTS We concluded that ferroptosis was engaged in the process of I/R-induced neurological damage, implying that this novel type of cell death might provide new therapeutic options for the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke. In vivo study proved that BCP improved neurological scores, infarct volume, and pathological features after MCAO/R. We demonstrated that BCP evidently enhanced NRF2 nuclear translocation, activated the NRF2/HO-1 pathway, which protected against ferroptosis. In vitro investigation revealed the same results. BCP decreased OGD/R-induced ROS generation and iron accumulation. Furthermore, the neuroprotective effects of BCP were reversed by the NRF2 inhibitor ML385. CONCLUSION Our results indicated the critical role of ferroptosis in cerebral I/R injury. For the first time, we showed that the significant neuroprotective effects of BCP in attenuating ischemic stroke injury are correlated with ferroptosis regulation, and its mechanism is associated with activation of the NRF2/HO-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Tianrui Zuo
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ling Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Sha Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wu Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shengwei Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - JingDong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaomei Fan
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhi Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Xiu Z, Zhu Y, Han J, Li Y, Yang X, Yang G, Song G, Li S, Li Y, Cheng C, Li Y, Fang J, Li X, Jin N. Caryophyllene Oxide Induces Ferritinophagy by Regulating the NCOA4/FTH1/LC3 Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:930958. [PMID: 35899120 PMCID: PMC9313605 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.930958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferritinophagy is associated with tumor occurrence, development, and therapy effects. Ferritinophagy and ferroptosis are regulated by iron metabolism and are closely connected. LC3 protein is a key protein in autophagy. Following the binding of NCOA4 to FTH1, it links to LC3Ⅱ in lysosomes, a symbol of ferritinophagy. A ferritinophagy’s inducer is likely to open new avenues for anticancer medication research and development. In this study, we discovered that caryophyllene oxide has a substantial inhibitory effect on HCCLM3 and HUH7 cells, by regulating the level of cellular oxidative stress, and the levels of autophagy and iron metabolism in HCCLM3 and HUH7 cells, leading to a ferritinophagy-related phenomenon. Furthermore, the results of T-AOC, DPPH free radical scavenging rate, and hydroxyl radical inhibition indicated that caryophyllene oxide can inhibit cell anti-oxidation. The examination of the ferritinophagy-related process revealed that caryophyllene oxide promotes the production and accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. NCOA4, FTH1, and LC3Ⅱ were found to be targeted regulators of caryophyllene oxide. Caryophyllene oxide regulated NCOA4, LC3 Ⅱ, and FTH1 to promote ferritinophagy. In vivo, we discovered that caryophyllene oxide can lower tumor volume, significantly improve NCOA4 and LC3 protein levels in tumor tissue, and raise Fe2+ and malondialdehyde levels in serum. The compound can also reduce NRF2, GPX4, HO-1, and FTH1 expression levels. The reduction in the expression levels of NRF2, GPX4, HO-1, and FTH1 by caryophyllene oxide also inhibited GSH and hydroxyl radical’s inhibitory capacities in serum, and promoted iron deposition in tumor tissue resulting in the inhibition of tumor growth. In summary, our study revealed that caryophyllene oxide mostly kills liver cancer cells through ferritinophagy-mediated ferroptosis mechanisms. In conclusion, caryophyllene oxide may be used as a ferritinophagy activator in the field of antitumor drug research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiru Xiu
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yilong Zhu
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jicheng Han
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yaru Li
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | | | - Gaojie Song
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Shanzhi Li
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Li
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yiquan Li
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yiquan Li, ; Jinbo Fang, ; Xiao Li, ; Ningyi Jin,
| | - Jinbo Fang
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yiquan Li, ; Jinbo Fang, ; Xiao Li, ; Ningyi Jin,
| | - Xiao Li
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yiquan Li, ; Jinbo Fang, ; Xiao Li, ; Ningyi Jin,
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yiquan Li, ; Jinbo Fang, ; Xiao Li, ; Ningyi Jin,
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Alsayadi AI, Abutaha N, Almutairi BO, Al-Mekhlafi FA, Wadaan MA. Evaluating the efficacy of an innovative herbal formulation (HF6) on different human cancer cell lines. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:51768-51777. [PMID: 35249198 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is reported to be the leading cause of death and illness worldwide. This research aims to evaluate the phytochemicals, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and apoptotic activities of the polyherbal formulation HF6. HF6 was prepared by blending equal quantities of plants powder, namely, Curcuma longa, Salvia officinalis, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Capsicum annuum, Zingiber officinale, and Syzygium aromaticum, and later extracted using hexane (HF6H), chloroform (HF6C), ethyl acetate (HF6E), and methanol (HF6M) in Soxhlet apparatus. Among the four different extracts, only the hexane extract (HF6H) was significantly effective. The HF6H extract showed antioxidant and anticancer potentials against different cancer cell lines, and moderate cytotoxicity against non-cancer cells, rendering it a promising remedy. In addition, it exerted tremendous cytotoxic effects on MCF-7, Huh-7, HCT116, MDA-MB-231, LoVo, and HepG2 cells with IC50 values of 2.02, 4.5, 6.9, 11.4, 23.5, and 34.7 µg/mL, respectively. The morphological hallmarks of apoptosis such as the rounding of cells, loss of contact with neighboring cells, formation of cell membrane blebbing, and microspike protrusion were detected using several different techniques. DAPI staining revealed apoptotic nuclear morphology such as condensation and DNA fragmentation. The morphological changes of MCF7 cells were also analyzed by AO/EB fluorescence staining. MCF7-stained green cells were viable cells, whereas the treated cells showed fragmented green nuclei representing early apoptosis. The phytochemical screening of HF6H showed positive results regarding the presence of alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, and sterols. The GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) analysis of the HF6H extract indicated the presence of 12 compounds, mainly trans-caryophyllene (21.55%), cis-isoeugenol (18.42%), acetyleugenol (17.53%), alpha farnesene (10.0%), and zingiberene (8.55%). However, further investigation could be carried out to examine the toxicity of the extract on animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I Alsayadi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nael Abutaha
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bader O Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahd A Al-Mekhlafi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Wadaan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Baradaran Rahimi V, Askari VR. A mechanistic review on immunomodulatory effects of selective type two cannabinoid receptor β-caryophyllene. Biofactors 2022; 48:857-882. [PMID: 35648433 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
β-Caryophyllene (BCP) is a plant-derived compound and occurs naturally in various foods and spices, including cinnamon, citrus, fruits, clove, curry, and pepper. BCP showed different pharmacological effects, such as antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. This article tried to gather updated knowledge of the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects of BCP and searched using various databases and appropriate keywords until April 2022. Several studies showed that the anti-inflammatory effects of BCP are mainly provided through cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2 ) receptor activation and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ pathway. It has also been demonstrated that BCP suppresses both protein and mRNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and reduces relevant proinflammatory cytokines but increases the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-13. Previous results indicated that the antioxidant effects of β-caryophyllene were suggested through different pathways, including activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)/antioxidant axis and inhibition of the HMG-CoA reductase activity, and oxidative stress biomarkers levels. Furthermore, various results showed immunomodulatory effects of BCP through inhibiting microglial cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, modulated Th1 /Treg immune balance through the activation of the CB2 receptor, and reducing mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38MAPK) and NF-kB activation and increased ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba-1) and IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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El Bakali I, Sakar EH, Boutahar A, Kadiri M, Merzouki A. A comparative phytochemical profiling of essential oils isolated from three hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivars grown in central-northern Morocco. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Lu L, Cao H, Li H, Zhang H, Li S, Wang J. Diversity and profiles of volatile compounds in twenty-five peppermint genotypes grown in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2082465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lu
- Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Hua Cao
- Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Han Li
- Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Shenchong Li
- Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jihua Wang
- Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
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Ismail HTH. The ameliorative efficacy of Thymus vulgaris essential oil against Escherichia coli O157:H7-induced hematological alterations, hepatorenal dysfunction and immune-inflammatory disturbances in experimentally infected rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:41476-41491. [PMID: 35088282 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18896-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the possible ameliorative role of Thymus vulgaris (T. vulgaris) essential oil against Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) deleterious effects in both blood and different tissues of rats by assessing the hematological, biochemical and immune-inflammatory parameters besides the histopathological alterations in the different organs. Forty male rats were randomly divided into four equal groups as follows: group I served as control, group II orally inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 at a dose of 1.0 × 109 cfu/ml, group III orally received 250 mg/kg BW T. vulgaris oil daily for 7 days and group IV orally inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 as the same dose of group II and orally received T. vulgaris oil as the same dose and duration of group III. Bacterial challenge in groups II and IV was once at the beginning of experiment and administration of oil began after 72 h from bacterial inoculation. At the end of the study, blood was sampled and complete blood picture, liver and kidney function alongside immunoglobulins and cytokines concentrations were estimated and tissues of large intestine (colon), liver and kidneys were collected for histopathological examinations. The results revealed that there was an increase of red blood cells count, hematocrit value and hemoglobin concentration besides white blood cells and thrombocytes counts and substantial increment of serum markers of hepatorenal damage such as the activities of transaminases and concentrations of bilirubin (total, direct and indirect), total proteins, albumin, creatinine and urea in E. coli O157:H7-challenged group. Also, there was a considerable increase in serum immunoglobulins M and G, interleukin 6 and 8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha as well as decreased serum alkaline phosphatase activity. Moreover, T. vulgaris oil could partially improve the hematological, biochemical and histopathological alterations induced by E. coli O157:H7 without any significant alterations in all measured parameters when used alone. The study concluded that the T. vulgaris oil relatively diminished the alterations in hematological parameters, hepatic and renal function markers and immune-inflammatory variables alongside the histopathological changes in different organs induced by E. coli O157:H7. The ameliorative effects of T. vulgaris oil are mediated through its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hager Tarek H Ismail
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 1 Alzeraa Street, Zagazig City, Postal Code 44511, Sharkia Province, Egypt.
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Liu L, Wang X, Lai Y, He G, Wen S, He H, Li Z, Zhang B, Zhang D. Transcriptomic analysis reveals the significant effects of fertilization on the biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes in Phoebe bournei. Genomics 2022; 114:110375. [PMID: 35490893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Phoebe bournei is a potential medicinal plant. Its essential oils (Eos) are mainly composed of sesquiterpenes that has potential activities of anti-bacteria and anti-tumors. In this study, we evaluated the effects of compost and compound fertilizer on the total amount and main components of Eos in P. bournei, we also studied the molecular mechanism undergoing this process by deep sequencing the genes involved in the biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes. Fertilization enhanced the total amount of main components in Eos from both leaves and twigs. Bicyclogermacrene, the primary sesquiterpene in the leaf EO, was significantly increased under compost treatment, while bicyclogermacrene and δ-cadinene (the second most abundant sesquiterpene) were decreased under compound fertilizer treatment. The two fertilizers had no significant effect on the abundance of the primary (+) - δ-cadinene in the twig EO, but had a positive effect on the second most abundant sesquiterpene copaene. Significant differences were observed in the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with the leaves showing greater number of DEGs as compared to the twigs after compost treatment. Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis (TBB) is a key pathway of sesquiterpenes synthesis. The expression of genes regulating several important enzymes in TBB was altered after fertilization. After the compost treatment, the expression of the leaf DXS gene (ACQ66107.1), being closely related to the sesquiterpene biosynthesis in P. bournei leaves, was decreased. Compost and compound fertilizer altered the expression of the two important branch-point enzymes (FPPS and GGPPS) genes (ART33314.1 and ATT59265.1), which contributed to the changes of the total amount and components of P. bournei sesquiterpenes. This study provides a new insight into the future use of P. bournei for Eos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Yong Lai
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Gongxiu He
- School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
| | - Shizhi Wen
- School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Hanjie He
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Zhenshan Li
- School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
| | - Dangquan Zhang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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Enhanced Oral Bioavailability of β-Caryophyllene in Healthy Subjects Using the VESIsorb® Formulation Technology, a Novel Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SEDDS). Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092860. [PMID: 35566210 PMCID: PMC9104399 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Caryophyllene (BCP), a common constituent of many spice and food plants, is gaining increased attention due to recent research identifying numerous potential health benefits. Due to limited oral bioavailability observed in preclinical models, the described benefits of BCP may be maximized by using a suitable delivery system. Additionally, human pharmacokinetics (PK) remain unknown. This study evaluates the relative oral bioavailability of BCP formulated in a self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) based on VESIsorb® formulation technology (BCP-SEDDS) compared to BCP neat oil. Hence, a randomized, double-blind, cross-over design, single oral dose study (100 mg BCP) in 24 healthy subjects (12 men/12 women) was performed under fasting conditions. Pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed from individual concentration-time curves. The data show that BCP-SEDDS resulted in a 2.2/2.0-fold increase in AUC0–12h/AUC0–24h and a 3.6-fold increase in Cmax compared to BCP neat oil. Moreover, BCP was absorbed faster from BCP-SEDDS (Tmax: 1.43 h) compared to BCP neat oil (Tmax: 3.07 h). Gender analysis revealed that there is no significant difference between men and women for both the investigated formulations and all investigated PK endpoints. In conclusion, BCP-SEDDS offers a well-tolerated and effective oral delivery system to significantly enhance the oral bioavailability of BCP in humans.
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Rutnik K, Ocvirk M, Košir IJ. Impact of Hop Freshness on Dry Hopped Beer Quality. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091310. [PMID: 35564033 PMCID: PMC9102888 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The hop plant is seasonal, but beer production continues throughout the whole year. The quality of hops begins to decrease immediately after harvesting; therefore, maintaining the highest possible quality is important. A good indicator of hop freshness is the hop storage index (HSI). In this study, three different varieties of hops with five different HSI values, from 0.3 to 0.7, were used for brewing with the dry hopping technique. The main goal was to evaluate the impact of the HSI value on beer quality in terms of hop aroma and bitterness. Alpha acids, iso-alpha acids, humulinones, bitterness units and hop aroma compounds were chemically analysed. Sensorial analysis was also conducted on all samples. Decreases in the intensity and quality of hop aroma were detected with increasing HSI. The quality of bitterness was also reduced. High HSI also led to undesirable gushing. Beers brewed with hops with HSI values greater than 0.4 had deviations in aroma and bitterness when compared with beers brewed with fresh hops.
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Younis NS. β-Caryophyllene Ameliorates Cyclophosphamide Induced Cardiac Injury: The Association of TLR4/NFκB and Nrf2/HO1/NQO1 Pathways. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9050133. [PMID: 35621844 PMCID: PMC9145742 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9050133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: β-caryophyllene (BCP), a natural sesquiterpene, is extensively present in the essential oils of several plants. Cyclophosphamide (CYC) is an anticancer drug. However, its clinical usage is inadequate due to its cardiotoxicity. The aim of this study was to study the effects of BCP on cardiac injury induced by CYC exposure, and to identify the underlying mechanism of action. Methods: Five groups of Wistar rats were allocated. Group I (Normal), II (BCP), and III (CYC) acted as controls. Group IV, V (CYC + BCP) received BCP in two doses (100 and 200 mg/kg, orally, respectively) for 14 days after CYC challenge. CYC groups received 200 mg/kg, i.p. of the drug once on the first day of experiments. Results: CYC group displayed numerous ECG and histological irregularities and cardiac markers elevation. CYC induced lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress intensification, as well as inflammatory and apoptotic markers escalation. Treatment with BCP resulted in modified ECG traces and histological sections. BCP mitigated cardiac markers and lipid peroxidation whereas intensified antioxidant capacity. BCP activated Nrf2, with subsequent HO1 and NQO1 amplification. BCP diminished TLR4/NFκB pathway, which consequently lessened the inflammatory and apoptosis responses. Conclusion: BCP administration was associated with activated Nrf2/HO1/NQO1 and inhibited TLR4/NFκB pathways with subsequent enhanced anti-oxidative capacity and diminished inflammatory and apoptosis responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy S Younis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Seasonal Variability of a Caryophyllane Chemotype Essential Oil of Eugenia patrisii Vahl Occurring in the Brazilian Amazon. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082417. [PMID: 35458612 PMCID: PMC9025321 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Eugenia patrisii Vahl is a native and non-endemic myrtaceous species of the Brazilian Amazon. Due to few botanical and phytochemical reports of this species, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the seasonal variability of their leaf essential oils, performed by GC and GC-MS and chemometric analysis. The results indicated that the variation in oil yields (0.7 ± 0.1%) could be correlated with climatic conditions and rainy (R) and dry seasons (D). (E)-caryophyllene (R = 17.1% ± 16.0, D = 20.2% ± 17.7) and caryophyllene oxide (R = 30.1% ± 18.4, D = 14.1% ± 19.3) are the major constituents and did not display significant differences between the two seasons. However, statistically, a potential correlation between the main constituents of E. patrisii essential oil and the climatic parameters is possible. It was observed that the higher temperature and insolation rates and the lower humidity rate, which are characteristics of the dry season, lead to an increase in the (E)-caryophyllene contents, while lower temperature and insolation and higher humidity, which occur in the rainy season, lead to an increase in the caryophyllene oxide content. The knowledge of variations in the E. patrisii essential oil composition could help choose the best plant chemical profile for medicinal purposes.
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Biological activities of extract-loaded nanocarriers: A comparison of aerial part, seed, and rhizome of Phlomoides labiosa. Eur J Integr Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2022.102135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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128
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Mastinu A, Ascrizzi R, Ribaudo G, Bonini SA, Premoli M, Aria F, Maccarinelli G, Gianoncelli A, Flamini G, Pistelli L, Memo M. Prosocial Effects of Nonpsychotropic Cannabis sativa in Mice. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2022; 7:170-178. [PMID: 34370607 PMCID: PMC9070742 DOI: 10.1089/can.2021.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction:Cannabis sativa L. (C. sativa) is used since ancient times to produce fabrics, baskets, and cords. Later, different ethnic groups used to burn the leaves and flowers of psychotropic cultivars with high Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (D9-THC) levels, during the religious or propitiatory rites to alter the state of consciousness. To date, it is not known whether also nonpsychotropic cultivars of C. sativa were used during these rites, and whether these varieties could have an effect on human behavior. This study aimed to evaluate the behavioral effects of an extract of nonpsychotropic C. sativa (NP-CS) in mice. Materials and Methods: An extract of a nonpsychotropic cultivar of C. sativa dissolved in medium-chain triglyceride oil was used and the different phytochemical components were evaluated. The relative composition in terms of phytocannabinoid content was assessed by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to UV detection (RP-HPLC-UV), and the volatile components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition, the behavioral effect of NP-CS was assessed on a wild-type mouse model. The animals were treated for 14 days (oral gavage) and motility, anxiety, and social effects were assessed. Results: RP-HPLC-UV analysis demonstrated that D9-THC was present in lower concentration with respect to other cannabinoids, like cannabidiol. Furthermore, the GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of several terpenoids. Concerning in vivo studies, chronic treatment with NP-CS did not alter body weight, motility, and anxiety and increased social interaction. Conclusions: This study highlighted the prosocial effects of NP-CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mastinu
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Ribaudo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Anna Bonini
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marika Premoli
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Aria
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Maccarinelli
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gianoncelli
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Guido Flamini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Memo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Moghrovyan A, Parseghyan L, Sevoyan G, Darbinyan A, Sahakyan N, Gaboyan M, Karabekian Z, Voskanyan A. Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic properties of Origanum vulgare essential oil, rich with β-caryophyllene and β-caryophyllene oxide. Korean J Pain 2022; 35:140-151. [PMID: 35354677 PMCID: PMC8977206 DOI: 10.3344/kjp.2022.35.2.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Essential oils are of great interest for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. We aimed to study the content of the essential oil of the Origanum vulgare of the Armenian highlands (OVA) in different periods of vegetation and to investigate its antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in mice (in vivo) and cytotoxic action in cultured cells (in vitro). OVA essential oil was extracted from fresh plant material by hydro-distillation. Methods For OVA essential oil contents determination the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was used. Formalin and hot plate tests and analysis of cell viability using the methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium (MTT) assay were used. Results The maximal content of β-caryophyllene and β-caryophyllene oxide in OVA essential oil was revealed in the period of blossoming (8.18% and 13.36%, correspondently). In the formalin test, 4% OVA essential oil solution (3.5 mg/mouse) exerts significant antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects (P = 0.003). MTT assay shows approximately 60% cytotoxicity in HeLa and Vero cells for 2.0 μL/mL OVA essential oil in media. Conclusions The wild oregano herb of Armenian highlands, harvested in the blossoming period, may be considered as a valuable source for developing pain-relieving preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armenuhi Moghrovyan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Lilya Parseghyan
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology, Laboratory of Physiologically Active Substances Investigations, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Gohar Sevoyan
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology, Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Anna Darbinyan
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology, Laboratory of Physiologically Active Substances Investigations, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Naira Sahakyan
- Yerevan State University, Research Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Monica Gaboyan
- Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Zaruhi Karabekian
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology, Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Armen Voskanyan
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology, Laboratory of Physiologically Active Substances Investigations, Yerevan, Armenia
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Sankhuan D, Niramolyanun G, Kangwanrangsan N, Nakano M, Supaibulwatana K. Variation in terpenoids in leaves of Artemisia annua grown under different LED spectra resulting in diverse antimalarial activities against Plasmodium falciparum. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:128. [PMID: 35313811 PMCID: PMC8935710 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03528-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Productivities of bioactive compounds in high-value herbs and medicinal plants are often compromised by uncontrollable environmental parameters. Recent advances in the development of plant factories with artificial lighting (PFAL) have led to improved qualitative and/or quantitative production of bioactive compounds in several medicinal plants. However, information concerning the effect of light qualities on plant pharmaceutical properties is limited. The influence of three different light-emitting diode (LED) spectra on leaf fresh weight (FW), bioactive compound production and bioactivity of Artemisia annua L. against the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum NF54 was investigated. Correlation between the A. annua metabolites and antimalarial activity of light-treated plant extracts were also determined. RESULTS Artemisia annua plants grown under white and blue spectra that intersected at 445 nm exhibited higher leaf FW and increased amounts of artemisinin and artemisinic acid, with enhanced production of several terpenoids displaying a variety of pharmacological activities. Conversely, the red spectrum led to diminished production of bioactive compounds and a distinct metabolite profile compared with other wavelengths. Crude extracts obtained from white and blue spectral treatments exhibited 2 times higher anti-Plasmodium falciparum activity than those subjected to the red treatment. Highest bioactivity was 4 times greater than those obtained from greenhouse-grown plants. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) revealed a strong correlation between levels of several terpenoids and antimalarial activity, suggesting that these compounds might be involved in increasing antimalarial activity. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrated a strategy to overcome the limitation of A. annua cultivation in Bangkok, Thailand. A specific LED spectrum that operated in a PFAL system promoted the accumulation of some useful phytochemicals in A. annua, leading to increased antimalarial activity. Therefore, the application of PFAL with appropriate light spectra showed promise as an alternative method for industrial production of A. annua or other useful medicinal plants with minimal environmental influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darunmas Sankhuan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi District, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Gamolthip Niramolyanun
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi District, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Niwat Kangwanrangsan
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi District, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Masaru Nakano
- Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, 2-8050, Ikarashi, Niigata, 9502181, Japan
| | - Kanyaratt Supaibulwatana
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi District, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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131
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Dębczak A, Tyśkiewicz K, Fekner Z, Kamiński P, Florkowski G, Konkol M, Rój E, Grzegorczyk A, Malm A. Molecular Distillation of Lavender Supercritical Extracts: Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Characterization of Feedstocks and Assessment of Distillates Enriched with Oxygenated Fragrance Components. Molecules 2022; 27:1470. [PMID: 35268571 PMCID: PMC8911675 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lavandula angustifolia is one of the most widely cultivated non-food crops used in the production of essential oil; it is used in perfumery, aromatherapy, pharmaceutical preparations, and food ingredients. In this study, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and molecular distillation (MD) were combined, primarily to enrich scCO2 extracts with lavender oxygenated monoterpenes, avoiding thermal degradation, hydrolysis, and solvent contamination, and maintaining the natural characteristics of the obtained oils. Molecular distillation was developed for the first time for the extraction of crucial lavender fragrance ingredients, i.e., from two scCO2 extracts obtained from dry flower stems of lavender cultivated in Poland and Bulgaria. The best results for high-quality distillates were obtained at 85 °C (EVT) and confirmed that linalyl acetate content increased from 51.54 mg/g (initial Bulgarian lavender extract, L-Bg-E) and 89.53 mg/g (initial Polish lavender extract, L-Pl-E) to 118.41 and 185.42 mg/g, respectively, corresponding to increases of 2.3 and 2.1 times in both distillate streams, respectively. The distillates, light oils, and extracts from lavender were also evaluated for their antimicrobial properties by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by the broth microdilution method. Generally, Gram-positive bacteria and Candida spp. were more sensitive to all distilled fractions and extracts than Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacteria).
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Dębczak
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 13A, 24-110 Puławy, Poland; (K.T.); (Z.F.); (P.K.); (G.F.); (M.K.); (E.R.)
| | - Katarzyna Tyśkiewicz
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 13A, 24-110 Puławy, Poland; (K.T.); (Z.F.); (P.K.); (G.F.); (M.K.); (E.R.)
| | - Zygmunt Fekner
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 13A, 24-110 Puławy, Poland; (K.T.); (Z.F.); (P.K.); (G.F.); (M.K.); (E.R.)
| | - Piotr Kamiński
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 13A, 24-110 Puławy, Poland; (K.T.); (Z.F.); (P.K.); (G.F.); (M.K.); (E.R.)
| | - Grzegorz Florkowski
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 13A, 24-110 Puławy, Poland; (K.T.); (Z.F.); (P.K.); (G.F.); (M.K.); (E.R.)
| | - Marcin Konkol
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 13A, 24-110 Puławy, Poland; (K.T.); (Z.F.); (P.K.); (G.F.); (M.K.); (E.R.)
| | - Edward Rój
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 13A, 24-110 Puławy, Poland; (K.T.); (Z.F.); (P.K.); (G.F.); (M.K.); (E.R.)
| | - Agnieszka Grzegorczyk
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Anna Malm
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.G.); (A.M.)
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Converting Sugars into Cannabinoids—The State-of-the-Art of Heterologous Production in Microorganisms. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The legal cannabis market worldwide is facing new challenges regarding innovation in the production of cannabinoid-based drugs. The usual cannabinoid production involves growing Cannabis sativa L. outdoor or in dedicated indoor growing facilities, followed by isolation and purification steps. This process is limited by the growth cycles of the plant, where the cannabinoid content can deeply vary from each harvest. A game change approach that does not involve growing a single plant has gained the attention of the industry: cannabinoids fermentation. From recombinant yeasts and bacteria, researchers are able to reproduce the biosynthetic pathway to generate cannabinoids, such as (-)-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and (-)-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (Δ9-THCV). This approach avoids pesticides, and natural resources such as water, land, and energy are reduced. Compared to growing cannabis, fermentation is a much faster process, although its limitation regarding the phytochemical broad range of molecules naturally present in cannabis. So far, there is not a consolidated process for this brand-new approach, being an emerging and promising concept for countries in which cultivation of Cannabis sativa L. is illegal. This survey discusses the techniques and microorganisms already established to accomplish the task and those yet in seeing for the future, exploring upsides and limitations about metabolic pathways, toxicity, and downstream recovery of cannabinoids throughout heterologous production. Therapeutic potential applications of cannabinoids and in silico methodology toward optimization of metabolic pathways are also explored. Moreover, conceptual downstream analysis is proposed to illustrate the recovery and purification of cannabinoids through the fermentation process, and a patent landscape is presented to provide the state-of-the-art of the transfer of knowledge from the scientific sphere to the industrial application.
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Ramachandhiran D, Sankaranarayanan C, Murali R, Babukumar S, Vinothkumar V. β-Caryophyllene promotes oxidative stress and apoptosis in KB cells through activation of mitochondrial-mediated pathway - An in-vitro and in-silico study. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:148-162. [PMID: 31583906 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1669057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Beta-caryophyllene (BCP), are natural bicyclic sesquiterpenes which are present in numerous plants worldwide. BCP has antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antifungal properties. Here, we studied its anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic effects. Cells treated with BCP, in a dose-dependent manner, exhibited morphological changes, showed lower cell growth, underwent apoptosis and lost the ability to metastasis through the suppression of NF-ҡ B via PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. These results elucidate that the inhibition of NF-ҡ B and PI3K/AKT is one of the most important mechanism by which BCP suppresses cancer cell proliferation and enhances apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duraisamy Ramachandhiran
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
| | | | - Raju Murali
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Biochemistry, Government Arts College For Women, Krishnagiri, India
| | - Sukumar Babukumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
| | - Veerasamy Vinothkumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
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Egbuta MA, McIntosh S, Waters DLE, Vancov T, Liu L. In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Essential Oil and β-Bisabolol Derived from Cotton Gin Trash. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27020526. [PMID: 35056836 PMCID: PMC8779114 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural α-bisabolol has been widely used in cosmetics and is sourced mainly from the stems of Candeia trees that have become endangered due to over exploitation. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of cotton gin trash (CGT) essential oil and the major terpenoid (β-bisabolol) purified from the oil were investigated against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages as well as the 3t3 and HS27 fibroblast cell lines. Nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 8 (IL-8) were measured using Greiss reagent, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and cytokine bead array (CBA)-flow cytometry. Non-toxic concentrations of CGT oil and β-bisabolol (1.6–50.0 µg/mL) significantly inhibited the production of the inflammatory mediators in a dose-dependent manner. Maximal inhibition by β-bisabolol was 55.5% for NO, 62.3% for PGE2, and 45.3% for TNF-α production in RAW cells. β-Bisabolol induced a level of inhibition similar to an equal concentration of α-bisabolol (50.0 µg/mL), a known anti-inflammatory agent. These results suggest β-bisabolol exerts similar in vitro effects to known topical anti-inflammatory agents and could therefore be exploited for cosmetic and therapeutic uses. This is the first study to report the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of β-bisabolol in CGT essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary A. Egbuta
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (M.A.E.); (S.M.); (D.L.E.W.)
| | - Shane McIntosh
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (M.A.E.); (S.M.); (D.L.E.W.)
| | - Daniel L. E. Waters
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (M.A.E.); (S.M.); (D.L.E.W.)
| | - Tony Vancov
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Planning, Industry & Environment, DPI Agriculture, Woodbridge Rd, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia;
| | - Lei Liu
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (M.A.E.); (S.M.); (D.L.E.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-02-6620-3293
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135
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Sun J, Sun P, Kang C, Zhang L, Guo L, Kou Y. Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils from six lamiaceae folk medicinal plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:919294. [PMID: 35979072 PMCID: PMC9376358 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.919294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils have attracted wide attention in recent years due to their extensive applications in natural functional ingredients, pharmaceutical preparations, biomedical products, and the cosmetics industry. In this study, the chemical compositions and biological activities of essential oils extracted from six Lamiaceae herbs, including Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. (PCEO), Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton (PFEO), Salvia japonica Thunb. (SJEO), Rosmarinus officinalis L. (ROEO), Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (LAEO), and Agastache rugosa (Fisch. & C. A. Mey.) Kuntze (AREO), were determined and analyzed. A total of 167 components were identified from the six essential oils by GC-MS analysis, with 35, 24, 47, 46, 54, and 37 components in PCEO, PFEO, SJEO, ROEO, LAEO, and AREO, respectively. Hierarchical cluster analysis of chemical compositions showed that the composition of the six essential oils was significantly different in content, and they were clearly divided into six classes. However, all of these six essential oils exhibited promising anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the expression of interleukin-1, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and cyclooxygenase-2 in rats with adjuvant arthritis, among which PFEO had the best performance. In addition, the six essential oils displayed significant cytotoxicity on B16 (IC50 = 86.91-228.91 μg/mL) and LNCaP cell lines (IC50 = 116.4-189.63 μg/mL). Meanwhile, all of them presented satisfactory antioxidant activity (IC50 = 4.88-13.89 μg/mL) compared with Trolox C (IC50 = 13.83 μg/mL), and SJEO (IC50 = 7.93 μg/mL) served as an optimal candidate natural antioxidant by DPPH assay. Taken together, these results indicate that the six Lamiaceae essential oils manifest excellent and diverse biological activities, enabling them to be used as perfect natural functional ingredients in antioxidant, antitumor, or anti-arthritic drugs. This study provides more references for pharmaphylogeny research and drug discovery from folk medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Sun
- National Resources Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peipei Sun
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanzhi Kang
- National Resources Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lanyue Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Lanyue Zhang
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resources Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Lanping Guo
| | - Yaping Kou
- National Center of China for Flowers Improvement, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Flower Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yaping Kou
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Pinto KB, Santos PHBD, Krause LC, Caramão EB, Bjerk TR. Preliminary prospection of phytotherapic compounds from the essential oils from barks and leaves of Umburana (Commiphora Leptophloeos). BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e21609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elina Bastos Caramão
- Universidade Tiradentes, Brasil; Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa, Brasil; INCT, Brasil
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137
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Caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide: a variety of chemical transformations and biological activities. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01865-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Vladić J, Duarte ARC, Radman S, Simić S, Jerković I. Enzymatic and Microwave Pretreatments and Supercritical CO 2 Extraction for Improving Extraction Efficiency and Quality of Origanum vulgare L. spp. hirtum Extracts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:54. [PMID: 35009059 PMCID: PMC8747452 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the study was to establish a procedure for improving the efficiency of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction of Origanum vulgare L. spp. hirtum (Greek oregano) and enhancing the quality of obtained extracts. Microwave and enzymatic pretreatments of the plant material were applied prior to the scCO2 extraction. It was determined that the microwave pretreatment with irradiation power 360 W during 2 min accelerated the extraction of lipophilic compounds and provided a twofold higher extraction yield compared to the control. Moreover, this pretreatment also led to an increase in oxygenated monoterpenes content and the most dominant component carvacrol, as well as the extracts' antioxidant activity. The enzymatic pretreatment caused a significant increase in the extraction yield and the attainment of the extract with the most potent antioxidant properties. Coupling the pretreatments with scCO2 extraction improves the process of obtaining high value lipophilic products of oregano in terms of utilization of the plant material, acceleration of the extraction with the possibility to adjust its selectivity and quality of extracts, and enhancement of biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Vladić
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Ana Rita C. Duarte
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Sanja Radman
- Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia; (S.R.); (I.J.)
| | - Siniša Simić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Igor Jerković
- Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia; (S.R.); (I.J.)
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Balogun TA, Ige OM, Alausa AO, Onyeani CO, Tiamiyu ZA, Omoboyowa DA, Saibu OA, Abdullateef OT. Receptor tyrosine kinases as a therapeutic target by natural compounds in cancer treatment. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00346-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are single-pass transmembrane proteins that play significant roles in regulating cellular processes, including cell division and growth. Overexpression and mutations of RTKs have been found in clinical manifestations of different forms of cancer. Therefore, RTKs have received considerable interest as a therapeutic biomarker in the treatment of cancer cells.
Main body of the abstract
Comprehensive data on RTKs, pharmacological and biological properties of natural compounds were systematically searched up to 2021 using relevant keywords from various databases, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The scientific search by various standard electronic resources and databases unveils the effectiveness of medicinal plants in the treatment of various cancers. In vitro and in vivo studies suggested that bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, and many others can be used pharmacologically as RTKs inhibitors (RTKI) either by competing with ATP at the ATP binding site of the tyrosine kinase domain or competing for the receptor extracellular domain. Additionally, studies conducted on animal models indicated that inhibition of RTKs catalytic activity by natural compounds is one of the most effective ways to block the activation of RTKs signaling cascades, thereby hampering the proliferation of cancer cells. Furthermore, various pharmacological experiments, transcriptomic, and proteomic data also reported that cancer cells treated with different plants extracts or isolated phytochemicals exhibited better anticancer properties with minimal side effects than synthetic drugs. Clinically, natural compounds have demonstrated significant anti-proliferative effect via induction of cell apoptosis in cancer cell lines.
Short conclusion
An in-depth knowledge of the mechanism of inhibition and structural characterization of RTKs is important to the design of novel and selective RTKIs. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms and structures of natural compounds RTKI targeting vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor receptor, insulin receptor, and platelet-derived growth factor while also giving future directions to ameliorate the scientific burden of cancer.
Graphic abstract
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Nowak A, Duchnik W, Makuch E, Kucharski Ł, Ossowicz-Rupniewska P, Cybulska K, Sulikowski T, Moritz M, Klimowicz A. Epilobium angustifolium L. Essential Oil-Biological Activity and Enhancement of the Skin Penetration of Drugs-In Vitro Study. Molecules 2021; 26:7188. [PMID: 34885770 PMCID: PMC8658823 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilobium angustifolium L. is a popular medicinal plant found in many regions of the world. This plant contains small amounts of essential oil whose composition and properties have not been extensively investigated. There are few reports in the literature on the antioxidant and antifungal properties of this essential oil and the possibility of applying it as a potential promoter of the skin penetration of drugs. The essential oil was obtained by distillation using a Clavenger type apparatus. The chemical composition was analyzed by the GC-MS method. The major active compounds of E. angustifolium L. essential oil (EOEa) were terpenes, including α-caryophyllene oxide, eucalyptol, β-linalool, camphor, (S)-carvone, and β-caryophyllene. The analyzed essential oil was also characterized by antioxidant activity amounting to 78% RSA (Radical Scavenging Activity). Antifungal activity against the strains Aspergillus niger, A. ochraceus, A. parasiticum, and Penicillium cyclopium was also determined. The largest inhibition zone was observed for strains from the Aspergillus group. The EOEa enhanced the percutaneous penetration of ibuprofen and lidocaine. After a 24 h test, the content of terpene in the skin and the acceptor fluid was examined. It has been shown that the main compounds contained in the essential oil do not penetrate through the skin, but accumulate in it. Additionally, FTIR-ATR analysis showed a disturbance of the stratum corneum (SC) lipids caused by the essential oil application. Due to its rich composition and high biological activity, EOEa may be a potential candidate to be applied, for example, in the pharmaceutical or cosmetic industries. Moreover, due to the reaction of the essential oil components with SC lipids, the EOEa could be an effective permeation enhancer of topically applied hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nowak
- Department of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, PL-70111 Szczecin, Poland; (Ł.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Wiktoria Duchnik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, PL-70111 Szczecin, Poland; (W.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Edyta Makuch
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, PL-70322 Szczecin, Poland; (E.M.); (P.O.-R.)
| | - Łukasz Kucharski
- Department of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, PL-70111 Szczecin, Poland; (Ł.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Paula Ossowicz-Rupniewska
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, PL-70322 Szczecin, Poland; (E.M.); (P.O.-R.)
| | - Krystyna Cybulska
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, PL-71434 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Tadeusz Sulikowski
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, PL-71252 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Michał Moritz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, PL-70111 Szczecin, Poland; (W.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Adam Klimowicz
- Department of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, PL-70111 Szczecin, Poland; (Ł.K.); (A.K.)
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de Jesús Calva-Cruz O, Badillo-Larios NS, De León-Rodríguez A, Espitia-Rangel E, González-García R, Turrubiartes-Martinez EA, Castro-Gallardo A, Barba de la Rosa AP. Lippia graveolens HBK oleoresins, extracted by supercritical fluids, showed bactericidal activity against multidrug resistance Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus strains. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:1546-1555. [PMID: 34791982 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.2008417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to characterize Lippia graveolens oleoresins, obtained by Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE), from crops collected at different locations in Mexico. The antimicrobial effect of oleoresins was tested in reference strains and clinical isolates of susceptible and multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. SIGNIFICANCE The increasing of MDR strains is becoming a global public health problem that has led to the search for new treatments, and essential oils have resurged as a source of compounds with bactericidal functions. Oregano essential oil has attracted attention recently, however, this oil is mainly obtained by hydro-distillation (uses large amounts of water) or solvents extraction (potential contaminant). SFE has gained popularity as it represents an environmentally friendly technology. METHODS L. graveolens oleoresins were obtained by SFE, total phenol contents were quantified by Folin-Ciocalteu method, the identification of compounds and thymol and carvacrol quantification was carried out by GC-MS. The antimicrobial activity was tested by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). RESULTS SFE showed higher yields compared with the hydro-distillation process. L. graveolens grown in different Mexican locations showed differences in oleoresin composition and a slightly different antimicrobial capacity against clinical isolates. CONCLUSIONS It was demonstrated that SFE is an efficient technology for extracting L. graveolens oleoresins. Additionally, the solvent-free extraction method and the observed antimicrobial effect, increases the applications of these oleoresins in fields such as cosmetics, food industry, medicine, amongst others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar de Jesús Calva-Cruz
- IPICYT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A. C., Camino a la Presa San José 2055, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., C.P. 78216, México
| | - Nallely S Badillo-Larios
- CICSaB, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., C.P. 78212, México
| | - Antonio De León-Rodríguez
- IPICYT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A. C., Camino a la Presa San José 2055, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., C.P. 78216, México
| | - Eduardo Espitia-Rangel
- INIFAP, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias. Campo Experimental Valle de México, km 13.5 Carr. Los Reyes-Texcoco, Coatlinchán, Texcoco Estado de México, C.P. 56250, México
| | - Raúl González-García
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., C.P. 78210, México
| | - Edgar Alejandro Turrubiartes-Martinez
- CICSaB, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., C.P. 78212, México.,Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., C.P. 78210, México
| | - Arnulfo Castro-Gallardo
- Centro de Investigación para los Recursos Naturales, Antigua Normal Rural de Salaices, Municipio de López, Chihuahua, C.P. 33943, México
| | - Ana Paulina Barba de la Rosa
- IPICYT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A. C., Camino a la Presa San José 2055, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., C.P. 78216, México
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Abstract
Hundreds of terpenoids have been isolated from Basidiomycota, among them are volatile mono- and sesquiterpenes with amazing sensory qualities, representing a promising alternative to essential oils from endangered plant species. Sesquiterpene synthases (STS) appear to be an abundant class of enzymes in these fungi. The basidiomycete Cerrena unicolor, a known sesquiterpene producer, was in silico screened for sesquiterpene cyclases via homology Basic Local Alignment Search Tool searches. Cyclase genes identified were cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli Bl21 using pCOLD I as the expression vector. Ten cyclases were successfully produced and purified, and their identity was confirmed using amino acid sequencing of tryptic peptides by nano-liquid chromatography-high resolution-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis was applied to characterize these cyclases according to the formation of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxidized terpenoids. Bioinformatic characterization and phylogenetic determination allowed for the classification of these diverse fungal enzymes. A representative single and a multi-product STS, respectively, were further analyzed for their dependency from divalent metal cations as a cofactor for the catalytic activity.
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R R. GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Compounds in Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Hellenia speciosa (J.Koenig) S.R. Dutta. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 194:176-186. [PMID: 34762268 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03742-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hellenia speciosa (J.Koenig) S.R. Dutta is a plant species belonging to the family Costaceae. It is widely distributed in China, India, Malaysia, Indonesia, tropical, and subtropical Asia. In Ayurveda, the rhizome of this plant has been extensively used to treat fever, rash, asthma, bronchitis, and intestinal worms. The objective of the present study was to investigate the phytochemical constituents of the leaf of Hellenia speciosa using gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy analysis (GC-MS). The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 17 phytochemical components in the ethanolic leaf extract of Hellenia speciosa. The prevailing bioactive compounds present in Hellenia speciosa were thymol (RT-10.019; 3.59%), caryophyllene (RT-11.854; 0.62%), caryophyllene oxide (RT-13.919; 1.34%), artumerone (RT-14.795; 1.35%), hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (RT-17.536; 2.77%), 9,12-octadecanoic acid methyl ester (RT-19.163; 1.35%), squalene (RT-24.980; 1.19%), piperine (RT-25.745; 3.11%), beta tocopherol (RT-26.681; 2.88%), vitamin E (RT-27.290; 2.64%), progesterone (RT-29.608; 3.18%), caparratriene (RT-29.861; 9.72%), and testosterone (RT-30.73; 5.81%). The compounds were identified by comparing their retention time and peak area with that of the literature and by interpretation of mass spectra. The results and findings of the present study suggest that the plant leaf can be used as a valuable source in the field of herbal drug discovery. The presence of bioactive compounds justifies the use of plant leaves for treating various diseases with fewer side effects and recommended the plant of pharmaceutical importance. However, further studies are needed to undertake its bioactivity and toxicity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya R
- Department of Biochemistry, J.B.A.S College for Women, Teynampet, Chennai, 600018, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Discovery of New Ginsenol-Like Compounds with High Antiviral Activity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226794. [PMID: 34833886 PMCID: PMC8619001 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of framework amides with a ginsenol backbone have been synthesized using the Ritter reaction. We named the acetamide as Ginsamide. A method was developed for the synthesis of the corresponding amine and thioacetamide. The new compounds revealed a high activity against H1N1 influenza, which was confirmed using an animal model. Biological experiments were performed to determine the mechanism of action of the new agents, a ginsamide-resistant strain of influenza virus was obtained, and the pathogenicity of the resistant strain and the control strain was studied. It was shown that the emergence of resistance to Ginsamide was accompanied by a reduction in the pathogenicity of the influenza virus.
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Ugbogu OC, Emmanuel O, Agi GO, Ibe C, Ekweogu CN, Ude VC, Uche ME, Nnanna RO, Ugbogu EA. A review on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of clove basil ( Ocimum gratissimum L.). Heliyon 2021; 7:e08404. [PMID: 34901489 PMCID: PMC8642617 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In traditional medicine, Ocimum gratissimum (clove basil) is used in the treatment of various diseases such as diabetes, cancer, inflammation, anaemia, diarrhoea, pains, and fungal and bacterial infections. The present study reviewed the phytochemicals, essential oils, and pharmacological activities of O. gratissimum. The bioactive compounds extracted from O. gratissimum include phytochemicals (oleanolic acid, caffeic acid, ellagic acid, epicatechin, sinapic acid, rosmarinic acid, chlorogenic acid, luteolin, apigenin, nepetoidin, xanthomicrol, nevadensin, salvigenin, gallic acid, catechin, quercetin, rutin, and kaempfero) and essential oils (camphene, β-caryophyllene, α- and β-pinene, α-humulene, sabinene, β-myrcene, limonene, 1,8-cineole, trans-β-ocimene, linalool, α- and δ-terpineol, eugenol, α-copaene, β-elemene, p-cymene, thymol, and carvacrol). Various in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that O. gratissimum and its bioactive constituents possess pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antidiarrhoeal, and antimicrobial properties. This review demonstrated that O. gratissimum has a strong preventive and therapeutic effect against several diseases. The effectiveness of O. gratissimum to ameliorate various diseases may be attributed to its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties as well as its capacity to improve the antioxidant systems. However, despite the widespread pharmacological activities of O. gratissimum, further experiments in human clinical trial studies are needed to establish effective and safe doses for the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Okezie Emmanuel
- Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University, PMB 2000, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Grace Oka Agi
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Chibuike Ibe
- Department of Microbiology, Abia State University, Uturu, PMB 2000, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Celestine Nwabu Ekweogu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Imo State University, PMB 2000, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Victor Chibueze Ude
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine Enugu State University of Science and Technology, PMB 01660, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Miracle Ebubechi Uche
- Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University, PMB 2000, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
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Amrati FEZ, Bourhia M, Slighoua M, Mohammad Salamatullah A, Alzahrani A, Ullah R, Bari A, Bousta D. Traditional medicinal knowledge of plants used for cancer treatment by communities of mountainous areas of Fez-Meknes-Morocco. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:1185-1204. [PMID: 34703372 PMCID: PMC8523330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their existence on earth, humans have used herbal medicine to meet their requirements for medication. The aim of the study: This work refers to a study conducted to carry out an ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants used for the treatment of cancer in Fez-Meknes region of Morocco. Material and Methods: To achieve this goal, 300 informants including 237 local people and 63 herbalists. They were requested to fill a survey related questionnaire aiming at the collection of data about the addressed objective. Informants were asked about the vernacular names, parts of medicinal plants used, mode of preparation, route of administration, reference area as well as the ecological distribution. The Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) and Fidelity Level (FL) were calculated to identify the most effective plants recommended by informants for disease treatment. Results: The findings obtained in the present survey revealed that 94 species belonging to 47 families have been used for cancer treatment in the region of Fez-Meknes. Fruits, leaves, and seeds are the most commonly used plant parts, by the time powder and infusion arethe most common methods used fordrug preparations. Conclusion: This work may contribute towards the society as it provides interesting data on traditional medicinal knowledge of medicinal plantsused to fight cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Ez-Zahra Amrati
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Agrofood and environment (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Nutrition, and Environment, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Meryem Slighoua
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Agrofood and environment (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhakeem Alzahrani
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department of Pharmacognosy (Medicinal Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amina Bari
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Agrofood and environment (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Dalila Bousta
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Agrofood and environment (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
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Liu Y, He Y, Wang F, Xu R, Yang M, Ci Z, Wu Z, Zhang D, Lin J. From longevity grass to contemporary soft gold: Explore the chemical constituents, pharmacology, and toxicology of Artemisia argyi H.Lév. & vaniot essential oil. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114404. [PMID: 34246739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Artemisia argyi H.Lév. & Vaniot is known as the longevity grass in eastern countries for its warm effect to cure many cold diseases. It has been widely used in medicine, food, bathing, moxibustion, and fumigation for more than two thousand years. Nowadays it even becomes the cultural symbol of the Dragon Boat Festival. In traditional application, A. argyi is considered to be an important hemostatic drug and a common drug for gynecological diseases. In modern application, the Artemisia argyi H.Lév. & Vaniot essential oil (AAEO) is regarded as the important medicinal substance of A. argyi, and has been made into many health products, forming a large-scale A. argyi industry. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to summarize the research status of AAEO and evaluate its application value. The manuscript focuses on the reported extraction methods, chemical components and influencing factors, pharmacological action, and toxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the literature search, several databases, such as Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, Elsevier, CNKI, and Wanfang, were searched for key words, including "Artemisia argyi H.Lév. & Vaniot essential oil," "Artemisia argyi H.Lév. & Vaniot," "cineole," "caryophyllene," "cyclamen," "borneol," and "camphor." RESULTS At present, more than 200 kinds of chemical components have been detected in AAEO, including terpenes, ketones (aldehydes), alcohols (phenols), acids (esters), alkanes (olefins) hydrocarbons, and so on. It has great anti-disease-resistant microorganism, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-cancer effects in clinical treatment and has good development potential and application prospects. CONCLUSION Present review provides an insight into chemical composition, extraction method, quality influencing factors, pharmacological action and toxicological action of AAEO. As an important traditional medicine herb, remarkable efficacy has been demonstrated in comprehensive literature reports, which has shown the great medicinal potential of this plant. However, the toxicity of AAEO cannot be ignored, the exact mechanism of action remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yanan He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovation Medicine and High Efficiency and Energy Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Runchun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovation Medicine and High Efficiency and Energy Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Zhimin Ci
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Zhenfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Innovation Medicine and High Efficiency and Energy Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Junzhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China.
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148
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Taxonomic Insights and Its Type Cyclization Correlation of Volatile Sesquiterpenes in Vitex Species and Potential Source Insecticidal Compounds: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216405. [PMID: 34770814 PMCID: PMC8587464 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sesquiterpenes (SS) are secondary metabolites formed by the bonding of 3 isoprene (C5) units. They play an important role in the defense and signaling of plants to adapt to the environment, face stress, and communicate with the outside world, and their evolutionary history is closely related to their physiological functions. This review considers their presence and extensively summarizes the 156 sesquiterpenes identified in Vitextaxa, emphasizing those with higher concentrations and frequency among species and correlating with the insecticidal activities and defensive responses reported in the literature. In addition, we classify the SS based on their chemical structures and addresses cyclization in biosynthetic origin. Most relevant sesquiterpenes of the Vitex genus are derived from the germacredienyl cation mainly via bicyclogermacrene and germacrene C, giving rise to aromadrendanes, a skeleton with the highest number of representative compounds in this genus, and 6,9-guaiadiene, respectively, indicating the production of 1.10-cyclizing sesquiterpene synthases. These enzymes can play an important role in the chemosystematics of the genus from their corresponding routes and cyclizations, constituting a new approach to chemotaxonomy. In conclusion, this review is a compilation of detailed information on the profile of sesquiterpene in the Vitex genus and, thus, points to new unexplored horizons for future research.
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149
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Shunnarah A, Tumlinson R, Calderón AI. Natural Products with Potential for Nonhormonal Male Contraception. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:2762-2774. [PMID: 34633803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite increased access to contraception over the last 60 years, unplanned pregnancies continue to contribute to economic disparities and overpopulation. Additionally, the burden of family planning falls primarily on women, as a reliable pharmaceutical male contraceptive has yet to be developed. The objective of this literature-based systematic review was to identify compounds for future study from natural sources with potential nonhormonal male contraceptive activity. After the exclusion of extracts and compounds with known hormonal mechanisms, 26 unique compounds were identified from natural species. The plant source, compound class, structure, target, mechanism of action, safety/toxicity profile, and in vitro, in vivo, and human studies for each compound were evaluated and discussed. β-Caryophyllene, embelin, oleanolic acid, triptonide, and N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ) were selected as the five most promising compounds for future study using prespecified criteria such as number of studies, efficacy and safety profile, reversibility, and previous use in humans for any indication. In order to move forward with development of a male contraceptive from a natural source, additional studies are needed to determine the predicted safety and efficacy for in vivo and human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana Shunnarah
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy, 2316 Walker Building, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Robin Tumlinson
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy, 2316 Walker Building, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Angela I Calderón
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy, 2316 Walker Building, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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150
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Caryophyllene Oxide, the Active Compound Isolated from Leaves of Hymenaea courbaril L. (Fabaceae) with Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Effects on PC-3 Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer Cell Line. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206142. [PMID: 34684723 PMCID: PMC8538860 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment frequently carries side effects, therefore, the search for new selective and effective molecules is indispensable. Hymenaea courbaril L. has been used in traditional medicine in South America to treat several diseases, including prostate cancer. Leaves’ extracts from different polarities were evaluated using the 3-(4,5-methyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability assay to determine the cytotoxicity in prostate p53-null cells, followed by bio-guided fractionations to obtain the most cytotoxic fraction considering the selectivity index. The most cytotoxic fraction was analyzed by GC/MS to identify the active compounds. The majority compound, caryophyllene oxide, induced early and late apoptosis, depolarized the mitochondrial membrane, leading to several morphological changes and shifts in apoptotic proteins, and caspases were evidenced. Depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane releases the pro-apoptotic protein Bax from Bcl-xL. The apoptosis process is caspase-7 activation-dependent. Caryophyllene oxide is a safe anti-proliferative agent against PC-3 cells, inducing apoptosis with low toxicity towards normal cells.
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