101
|
Li Z, Ouyang H, Zhu J. Traditional Chinese medicines and natural products targeting immune cells in the treatment of metabolic-related fatty liver disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1195146. [PMID: 37361209 PMCID: PMC10289001 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1195146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
MAFLD stands for metabolic-related fatty liver disease, which is a prevalent liver disease affecting one-third of adults worldwide, and is strongly associated with obesity, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes. It encompasses a broad spectrum of conditions ranging from simple liver fat accumulation to advanced stages like chronic inflammation, tissue damage, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. With limited approved drugs for MAFLD, identifying promising drug targets and developing effective treatment strategies is essential. The liver plays a critical role in regulating human immunity, and enriching innate and adaptive immune cells in the liver can significantly improve the pathological state of MAFLD. In the modern era of drug discovery, there is increasing evidence that traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions, natural products and herb components can effectively treat MAFLD. Our study aims to review the current evidence supporting the potential benefits of such treatments, specifically targeting immune cells that are responsible for the pathogenesis of MAFLD. By providing new insights into the development of traditional drugs for the treatment of MAFLD, our findings may pave the way for more effective and targeted therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
102
|
Weiss JM, Palmieri EM, Gonzalez-Cotto M, Bettencourt IA, Megill EL, Snyder NW, McVicar DW. Itaconic acid underpins hepatocyte lipid metabolism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in male mice. Nat Metab 2023; 5:981-995. [PMID: 37308721 PMCID: PMC10290955 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00801-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Itaconate, the product of the decarboxylation of cis-aconitate, regulates numerous biological processes. We and others have revealed itaconate as a regulator of fatty acid β-oxidation, generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and the metabolic interplay between resident macrophages and tumors. In the present study, we show that itaconic acid is upregulated in human non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and a mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Male mice deficient in the gene responsible for itaconate production (immunoresponsive gene (Irg)-1) have exacerbated lipid accumulation in the liver, glucose and insulin intolerance and mesenteric fat deposition. Treatment of mice with the itaconate derivative, 4-octyl itaconate, reverses dyslipidemia associated with high-fat diet feeding. Mechanistically, itaconate treatment of primary hepatocytes reduces lipid accumulation and increases their oxidative phosphorylation in a manner dependent upon fatty acid oxidation. We propose a model whereby macrophage-derived itaconate acts in trans upon hepatocytes to modulate the liver's ability to metabolize fatty acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Weiss
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Erika M Palmieri
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Marieli Gonzalez-Cotto
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ian A Bettencourt
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Emily L Megill
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel W McVicar
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Ma Q, Wen L, Tian Y, Ma L, Wen Z, Kun Y, Xu M, Liu X. Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate ameliorates the high-fat diet-induced obesity syndrome by reducing intestinal and hepatic absorption. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1193006. [PMID: 37305546 PMCID: PMC10254412 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1193006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A high-fat Western diet is a risk factor for obesity and steatosis. Reducing intestinal absorption of a high-fat diet (HFD) is a feasible strategy to control obesity. Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate (SSO) inhibits intestinal fatty acid transport. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of SSO on HFD-induced glucose and lipid metabolism in mice and its possible underlying mechanisms. Methods: Male C57/BL were fed a HFD (60% calories) for 12 weeks and were administered an oral dose of SSO (50 mg/kg/day). The expression of lipid absorption genes (CD36, MTTP, and DGAT1) and the serum levels of triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), and free fatty acids (FFAs) were detected. Lipid distribution in the liver was detected by oil red and hematoxylin and eosin staining. In addition, serum levels of inflammatory factors, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured to detect side effects. Results: SSO was effective in the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome induced by HFD in mice. It attenuated the assembly of intestinal epithelial chylomicrons by inhibiting intestinal epithelial transport and absorption of fatty acids, thereby reducing the gene expression levels of MTTP and DGAT1, resulting in decreased plasma TG and FFA levels. At the same time, it inhibited the transport of fatty acids in the liver and improved the steatosis induced by a HFD. The results of oil red staining showed that SSO treatment can reduce lipid accumulation in the liver by 70%, with no drug-induced liver injury detected on the basis of interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, ALT, and AST levels. In addition, SSO treatment significantly improved insulin resistance, decreased fasting blood glucose levels, and improved glucose tolerance in HFD-fed mice. Conclusion: SSO is effective in the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome induced by a HFD in mice. SSO reduces intestinal fatty acid absorption by reducing the inhibition of intestinal CD36 expression, followed by decreased TG and FFA levels, which attenuates HFD-induced fatty liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Ma
- The Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Neonatology, Ganzhou Maternal and Child Health Centre, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yanxia Tian
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liqin Ma
- The Second Department of Surgery, People’s Hospital of Shicheng County, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhangsheng Wen
- The CT Room of the Imaging Department, People’s Hospital of Shicheng County, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yang Kun
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mengping Xu
- The Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoping Liu
- The Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Xu GX, Wei S, Yu C, Zhao SQ, Yang WJ, Feng YH, Pan C, Yang KX, Ma Y. Activation of Kupffer cells in NAFLD and NASH: mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1199519. [PMID: 37261074 PMCID: PMC10228659 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1199519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are emerging as the leading causes of liver disease worldwide. These conditions can lead to cirrhosis, liver cancer, liver failure, and other related ailments. At present, liver transplantation remains the sole treatment option for end-stage NASH, leading to a rapidly growing socioeconomic burden. Kupffer cells (KCs) are a dominant population of macrophages that reside in the liver, playing a crucial role in innate immunity. Their primary function includes phagocytosing exogenous substances, presenting antigens, and triggering immune responses. Moreover, they interact with other liver cells during the pathogenesis of NAFLD, and this crosstalk may either delay or exacerbate disease progression. Stimulation by endogenous signals triggers the activation of KCs, resulting in the expression of various inflammatory factors and chemokines, such as NLRP3, TNF-α, IL-1B, and IL-6, and contributing to the inflammatory cascade. In the past 5 years, significant advances have been made in understanding the biological properties and immune functions of KCs in NAFLD, including their interactions with tissue molecules, underlying molecular mechanisms, signaling pathways, and relevant therapeutic interventions. Having a comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms and characteristics can have enormous potential in guiding future strategies for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yong Ma
- *Correspondence: Kun-Xing Yang, ; Yong Ma,
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Castro DC, Smith KW, Norsworthy MD, Rubakhin SS, Weisbrod CR, Hendrickson CL, Sweedler JV. Single-Cell and Subcellular Analysis Using Ultrahigh Resolution 21 T MALDI FTICR Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2023; 95:6980-6988. [PMID: 37070980 PMCID: PMC10190686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian brain contains ∼20,000 distinct lipid species that contribute to its structural organization and function. The lipid profiles of cells change in response to a variety of cellular signals and environmental conditions that result in modulation of cell function through alteration of phenotype. The limited sample material combined with the vast chemical diversity of lipids makes comprehensive lipid profiling of individual cells challenging. Here, we leverage the resolving power of a 21 T Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer for chemical characterization of individual hippocampal cells at ultrahigh mass resolution. The accuracy of the acquired data allowed differentiation of freshly isolated and cultured hippocampal cell populations, as well as finding differences in lipids between the soma and neuronal processes of the same cell. Differences in lipids include TG 42:2 observed solely in the cell bodies and SM 34:1;O2 found only in the cellular processes. The work represents the first mammalian single cells analyzed at ultrahigh resolution and is an advance in the performance of mass spectrometry (MS) for single-cell research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Castro
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Karl W. Smith
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1801 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32310, United States
| | - Miles D. Norsworthy
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801 United States
| | - Stanislav S. Rubakhin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana IL 61801, United States
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Chad R. Weisbrod
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1801 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32310, United States
| | - Christopher L. Hendrickson
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1801 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32310, United States
| | - Jonathan V. Sweedler
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana IL 61801, United States
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1406 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
de Lima JAM, Bezerra LR, Feitosa TJDO, Oliveira JR, de Oliveira DLV, Mazzetto SE, Cavalcanti MT, Pereira Filho JM, Oliveira RL, de Oliveira JPF, da Silva AL. Production, characterization, and dietary supplementation effect of rumen-protected fat on ruminal function and blood parameters of sheep. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:142. [PMID: 37016138 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03563-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Rumen-protected fat (RPF) was produced in the 1st experimental stage through melt-emulsification technique using buriti oil (BO) as core, at concentrations of 10% (BO10), 20% (BO20), and 30% (BO30) (w/w), and carnauba wax (CW) as encapsulant material. After obtention and characterization, protected fat microspheres were tested in a 2nd experimental stage on the sheep' diet using six castrated 2-year-old male Santa Ines with initial weight 48.9 ± 5.23 kg, fistulated in rumen and distributed in a double Latin square design with 3 treatments × 3 periods, to evaluate rumen pH, temperature, protozoal count, and blood parameters. There was no difference (P > 0.05) among RPF microspheres for microencapsulation yield. However, microencapsulation efficiency increased (P < 0.05) with BO addition ranging from 36 to 61.3% for BO10 and BO30, respectively. The inclusion of BO10 in the sheep's diet did not affect the ruminal dry matter degradability (DMD) of BO over time (P > 0.05); however, BO20 and BO30 had higher (P < 0.05) DMD values than BO10. No significant differences were observed among RPF for rumen pH and temperature (P > 0.05). There was an increase (P < 0.05) in the protozoal population in the rumen environment due to the microencapsulated BO30 inclusion. There was also increase (P < 0.05) in serum albumin, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and a reduction (P < 0.05) in serum triglycerides of the sheep when RPF microspheres increased in the diet. Melt-emulsification proved to be a good technique for microencapsulation of buriti oil into the carnauba wax matrix. RPF from buriti oil protected into carnauba wax is recommended for sheep diet because it increases energy density, without adverse effects on the protozoal populations and blood serum metabolites from the bypass effect in the rumen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana A M de Lima
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58708110, Brazil
| | - Leilson R Bezerra
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58708110, Brazil.
| | - Thiago J de O Feitosa
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58708110, Brazil
| | - Jéssica R Oliveira
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60451970, Brazil
| | - Diego L V de Oliveira
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60451970, Brazil
| | - Selma E Mazzetto
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60451970, Brazil
| | - Mônica T Cavalcanti
- Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovations, National Institute of Semi-Arid, Campina Grande, 58434700, Brazil
| | - José M Pereira Filho
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58708110, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo L Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40170115, Brazil
| | - Juliana P F de Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Sergipe, Nossa Senhora da Glória, Sergipe, 49680000, Brazil
| | - André L da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58708110, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Ağagündüz D, Icer MA, Yesildemir O, Koçak T, Kocyigit E, Capasso R. The roles of dietary lipids and lipidomics in gut-brain axis in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Transl Med 2023; 21:240. [PMID: 37009872 PMCID: PMC10068184 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), one of the main types of Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by dysfunctional pancreatic β-cells and/or peripheral insulin resistance, resulting in impaired glucose and lipid metabolism. Genetic, metabolic, multiple lifestyle, and sociodemographic factors are known as related to high T2DM risk. Dietary lipids and lipid metabolism are significant metabolic modulators in T2DM and T2DM-related complications. Besides, accumulated evidence suggests that altered gut microbiota which plays an important role in the metabolic health of the host contributes significantly to T2DM involving impaired or improved glucose and lipid metabolism. At this point, dietary lipids may affect host physiology and health via interaction with the gut microbiota. Besides, increasing evidence in the literature suggests that lipidomics as novel parameters detected with holistic analytical techniques have important roles in the pathogenesis and progression of T2DM, through various mechanisms of action including gut-brain axis modulation. A better understanding of the roles of some nutrients and lipidomics in T2DM through gut microbiota interactions will help develop new strategies for the prevention and treatment of T2DM. However, this issue has not yet been entirely discussed in the literature. The present review provides up-to-date knowledge on the roles of dietary lipids and lipidomics in gut-brain axis in T2DM and some nutritional strategies in T2DM considering lipids- lipidomics and gut microbiota interactions are given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, 06490, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Arif Icer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Amasya University, 05100, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Ozge Yesildemir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Tevfik Koçak
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, 06490, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emine Kocyigit
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ordu University, 52200, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Fang H, Cao Y, Zhang J, Wang X, Li M, Hong Z, Wu Z, Fang M. Lipidome remodeling activities of DPA-EA in palmitic acid-stimulated HepG2 cells and the in vivo anti-obesity effect of the DPA-EA and DHA-EA mixture prepared from algae oil. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1146276. [PMID: 37063272 PMCID: PMC10090563 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1146276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The nuclear receptor Nur77 has been demonstrated to play a vital role in the inflammatory response and cellular metabolisms, and its ligands exhibit efficacy in the treatment of inflammation-related diseases (e.g., improving mouse acute lung injury (ALI) and obesity. Recently, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-ethanolamine derivatives (ω-3 PUFA-EAs), including DPA-EA and DHA-EA, have been reported as new Nur77-targeting anti-inflammatory agents. However, the lipid-lowering effect of ω-3 PUFA-EAs is still unknown, and lipid profile changes induced by Nur77-targeting anti-inflammatory agents also remain unclear.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the lipid-lowering effect and the underlying mechanism of DPA-EA acting as Nur77-targeting anti-inflammatory agents. It also aimed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo lipid-lowering effects of the DPA-EA and DHA-EA mixture prepared from algae oil.Methods: The in vitro lipid-lowing effect of DPA-EA and its mixture with DHA-EA was first evaluated in palmitic acid-stimulated HepG2 Cells. To confirm the lipid-lowering effect and explore the underlying mechanism, we performed untargeted lipidomic analysis using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole-time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry coupled with multivariate statistical analysis, with another Nur77-targeting anti-inflammatory compound Celastrol (Cel) as a reference. Finally, we examined the anti-obesity effect of the DPA-EA and DHA-EA mixture synthesized from algae oil in a high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice model.Results: DPA-EA significantly alleviated lipid accumulation with lower toxicity than Celastrol. Nur77-targeting compounds DPA-EA and Celastrol could simultaneously reduce 14 lipids (9 TGs, 2 PCs, 1 PA, 1 SM, and 1 LacCer) and increase 13 lipids (4 DGs, 6 LPEs, 2 PEs, and 1PC) in Pal-stimulated HepG2 cells. However, Cer lipids were more sensitive to DPA-EA, while the over-downregulation of SM lipids might be associated with the off-target toxicity of Celastrol. The mixture of DPA-EA and DHA-EA synthesized from algae oil could significantly decrease TG, TC, and LDL levels and increase HDL levels in HFD-fed mice, exerting an excellent anti-obesity effect.Conclusion: Nur77-targeting anti-inflammatory compound DAP-EA could promote the hydrolysis of PEs and TGs to ameliorate lipid accumulation. The DPA-EA and DHA-EA mixture prepared from algae oil might be a potential therapeutic agent for obesity and other inflammation-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Fang
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Yin Cao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianyu Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mengyu Li
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhuan Hong
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Meijuan Fang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Meijuan Fang,
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Ye Q, Liu Y, Zhang G, Deng H, Wang X, Tuo L, Chen C, Pan X, Wu K, Fan J, Pan Q, Wang K, Huang A, Tang N. Deficiency of gluconeogenic enzyme PCK1 promotes metabolic-associated fatty liver disease through PI3K/AKT/PDGF axis activation in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1402. [PMID: 36918564 PMCID: PMC10015095 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) encompasses a broad spectrum of hepatic disorders, including steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis. We demonstrated that phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1) plays a central role in MAFLD progression. Male mice with liver Pck1 deficiency fed a normal diet displayed hepatic lipid disorder and liver injury, whereas fibrosis and inflammation were aggravated in mice fed a high-fat diet with drinking water containing fructose and glucose (HFCD-HF/G). Forced expression of hepatic PCK1 by adeno-associated virus ameliorated MAFLD in male mice. PCK1 deficiency stimulated lipogenic gene expression and lipid synthesis. Moreover, loss of hepatic PCK1 activated the RhoA/PI3K/AKT pathway by increasing intracellular GTP levels, increasing secretion of platelet-derived growth factor-AA (PDGF-AA), and promoting hepatic stellate cell activation. Treatment with RhoA and AKT inhibitors or gene silencing of RhoA or AKT1 alleviated MAFLD progression in vivo. Hepatic PCK1 deficiency may be important in hepatic steatosis and fibrosis development through paracrine secretion of PDGF-AA in male mice, highlighting a potential therapeutic strategy for MAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ye
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guiji Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haijun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Tuo
- Department of Infectious Disease, Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuanming Pan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangao Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Ailong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Ni Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Kurlawala Z, Singh P, Hill BG, Haberzettl P. Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5)-Induced Pulmonary Oxidative Stress Contributes to Changes in the Plasma Lipidome and Liver Transcriptome in Mice. Toxicol Sci 2023; 192:kfad020. [PMID: 36857595 PMCID: PMC10109534 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution exposure increases the cardiovascular disease risk. Although the specific mechanisms remain elusive, it is thought that PM2.5-induced oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction contribute to this pathogenesis. Our previous findings indicate that PM2.5 impairs vascular health via a circulating factor and that plasma lipid changes contribute to the observed vascular effects. In the current study, we extend on these findings by further characterizing PM2.5-induced changes in circulating lipids and examining whether the observed changes were accompanied by related alterations in the liver transcriptome. To address the role of pulmonary oxidative stress, we exposed wild-type (WT) mice and mice that overexpress extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD-Tg) in the lungs to concentrated ambient PM2.5 (CAP, 9 days). We found that CAP decreased circulating complex lipids and increased free fatty acids and acylcarnitines in WT, but not ecSOD-Tg mice. These plasma lipid changes were accompanied by transcriptional changes in genes that regulate lipid metabolism (e.g., upregulation of lipid biosynthesis, downregulation of mitochondrial/peroxisomal FA metabolism) in the liver. The CAP-induced changes in lipid homeostasis and liver transcriptome were accompanied by pulmonary but not hepatic oxidative stress and were largely absent in ecSOD-Tg mice. Our results suggest that PM2.5 impacts hepatic lipid metabolism; however, it remains unclear whether the transcriptional changes in the liver contribute to PM2.5-induced changes in plasma lipids. Regardless, PM2.5-induced changes in the plasma lipidome and hepatic transcriptome are, at least in part, mediated by pulmonary oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zimple Kurlawala
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Parul Singh
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Bradford G Hill
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Petra Haberzettl
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Dyslipidemia is associated with inflammation and organ involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:1565-1572. [PMID: 36790644 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Disturbed lipid metabolism was observed in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. This study aimed to evaluate the relationships between dyslipidemia and visceral organ involvement, disease severity, inflammatory factors, and drug intake in SLE patients. METHOD Inpatients with SLE (n = 105) and healthy controls (HC) (n = 75) were recruited in this study. Clinical and laboratory data were collected from patient records. The concentrations of tumor necrosis factor receptors superfamily member1A (TNFRSF1A), member1B (TNFRSF1B) and adipokine angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) in plasma were measured by ELISA. RESULT Compared to HC, serum levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) were significantly increased, while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) were decreased in SLE patients. Patients with higher disease activity and renal damage suffered from more severe dyslipidemia. Renal functional parameters were closely correlated with serum lipid levels. Inflammatory factors were associated with dyslipidemia. The levels of TNFRSF1A and TNFRSF1B were obviously increased and associated with kidney involvement in SLE patients. Patients with high-dose glucocorticoid intake showed more severe dyslipidemia. CONCLUSIONS Attention should be paid to the dyslipidemia of SLE. Dyslipidemia is associated with inflammation and organ involvement in SLE. These findings might provide a new strategy for the treatment of SLE. Key Points • Serum levels of TG, TC, LDL, and ApoB were significantly increased, while HDL and ApoA1 were decreased in SLE patients. • Patients with higher disease activity and renal damage suffered from more severe dyslipidemia. Renal functional parameters and inflammatory factors were closely correlated with serum lipid levels. • Patients with high-dose glucocorticoid intake showed more severe dyslipidemia. • These findings might provide a new strategy for the treatment of SLE.
Collapse
|
112
|
Yeo XY, Tan LY, Chae WR, Lee DY, Lee YA, Wuestefeld T, Jung S. Liver's influence on the brain through the action of bile acids. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1123967. [PMID: 36816113 PMCID: PMC9932919 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1123967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver partakes as a sensor and effector of peripheral metabolic changes and a regulator of systemic blood and nutrient circulation. As such, abnormalities arising from liver dysfunction can influence the brain in multiple ways, owing to direct and indirect bilateral communication between the liver and the brain. Interestingly, altered bile acid composition resulting from perturbed liver cholesterol metabolism influences systemic inflammatory responses, blood-brain barrier permeability, and neuron synaptic functions. Furthermore, bile acids produced by specific bacterial species may provide a causal link between dysregulated gut flora and neurodegenerative disease pathology through the gut-brain axis. This review will cover the role of bile acids-an often-overlooked category of active metabolites-in the development of neurological disorders associated with neurodegeneration. Further studies into bile acid signaling in the brain may provide insights into novel treatments against neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yi Yeo
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore,Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Yang Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore,Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Woo Ri Chae
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore,Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Dong-Yup Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yong-An Lee
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore,*Correspondence: Yong-An Lee,
| | - Torsten Wuestefeld
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Siingapore,National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Torsten Wuestefeld,
| | - Sangyong Jung
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Sangyong Jung,
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Recent updates on targeting the molecular mediators of NAFLD. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:101-124. [PMID: 36792729 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02282-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly becoming the most common disease worldwide in an era of rapid economic growth. NAFLD is a multifactorial disease, involving multiple genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors, and is closely associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. NAFLD can be classified into nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFL) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can both progress to cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Due to the enormous burden of NAFLD and its complications, no FDA-approved drugs for the treatment of NAFLD are on the market, and therapeutic targets and drug therapies are being actively investigated. In view of the various pathological mechanisms of NAFLD, numbers of preclinical studies and clinical trials have made rapid progress. This review mainly summarizes the most recently characterized mechanisms and therapeutic targets in each mechanism of NAFLD, focusing on the mechanism and application potential.
Collapse
|
114
|
Qu J, Ye M, Wen C, Cheng X, Zou L, Li M, Liu X, Liu Z, Wen L, Wang J. Compound dark tea ameliorates obesity and hepatic steatosis and modulates the gut microbiota in mice. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1082250. [PMID: 36742427 PMCID: PMC9895393 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1082250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dark tea is a fermented tea that plays a role in regulating the homeostasis of intestinal microorganisms. Previous studies have found that dark tea can improve obesity and has a lipid-lowering effect. In this study, green tea, Ilex latifolia Thunb (kuding tea) and Momordica grosvenori (Luo Han Guo) were added to a new compound dark tea (CDT), to improve the taste and health of this beverage. High-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice were treated with low- (6 mg/mL) or high- (12 mg/mL) concentrations of CDT for 18 weeks to assess their effect on lipid metabolism. Our results suggest that low- and high-concentrations of CDT could reduce body weight by 15 and 16% and by 44 and 38% of body fat, respectively, by attenuating body weight gain and fat accumulation, improving glucose tolerance, alleviating metabolic endotoxemia, and regulating the mRNA expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes. In addition, low concentrations of CDT were able to reduce the abundance of Desulfovibrio, which is positively associated with obesity, and increase the abundance of Ruminococcus, which are negatively associated with obesity. This study demonstrates the effect of CDT on ameliorating lipid metabolism and provides new insights into the research and development of functional tea beverages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Qu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengke Ye
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Chi Wen
- Hunan Chu Ming Tea Industry Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Xianyu Cheng
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Lirui Zou
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangyan Liu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Zhonghua Liu ✉
| | - Lixin Wen
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China,Lixin Wen ✉
| | - Ji Wang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China,Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China,Changsha Lvye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Changsha, China,Ji Wang ✉
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Akl MG, Widenmaier SB. Immunometabolic factors contributing to obesity-linked hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1089124. [PMID: 36712976 PMCID: PMC9877434 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1089124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major public health concern that is promoted by obesity and associated liver complications. Onset and progression of HCC in obesity is a multifactorial process involving complex interactions between the metabolic and immune system, in which chronic liver damage resulting from metabolic and inflammatory insults trigger carcinogenesis-promoting gene mutations and tumor metabolism. Moreover, cell growth and proliferation of the cancerous cell, after initiation, requires interactions between various immunological and metabolic pathways that provide stress defense of the cancer cell as well as strategic cell death escape mechanisms. The heterogenic nature of HCC in addition to the various metabolic risk factors underlying HCC development have led researchers to focus on examining metabolic pathways that may contribute to HCC development. In obesity-linked HCC, oncogene-induced modifications and metabolic pathways have been identified to support anabolic demands of the growing HCC cells and combat the concomitant cell stress, coinciding with altered utilization of signaling pathways and metabolic fuels involved in glucose metabolism, macromolecule synthesis, stress defense, and redox homeostasis. In this review, we discuss metabolic insults that can underlie the transition from steatosis to steatohepatitis and from steatohepatitis to HCC as well as aberrantly regulated immunometabolic pathways that enable cancer cells to survive and proliferate in the tumor microenvironment. We also discuss therapeutic modalities targeted at HCC prevention and regression. A full understanding of HCC-associated immunometabolic changes in obesity may contribute to clinical treatments that effectively target cancer metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- May G. Akl
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada,Department of Physiology, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Scott B. Widenmaier
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada,*Correspondence: Scott B. Widenmaier,
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Fu R, Liang C, Chen D, Tian G, Zheng P, He J, Yu J, Mao X, Gu Z, Yang W, Yu B. Effects of low-energy diet supplemented with betaine on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and serum metabolomic profiles in growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad080. [PMID: 36930062 PMCID: PMC10066726 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of betaine (BET) supplementation in diets with reduced net energy (NE) levels on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and serum metabolomic profiles in growing pigs. In experiment 1, 24 growing pigs (initial body weight, BW, 30.83 ± 2.50 kg) were allotted to one of the four treatments (six replications with 1 pig per pen) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, including two dietary NE levels (2475 [N-NE] or 2395 [R80-NE] kcal/kg) and two BET doses (0 or 1500 mg/kg). In experiment 2, 72 growing pigs were used in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, including three dietary NE levels (2475 [N-NE], 2415 [R60-NE], or 2355 [R120-NE] kcal/kg) and two BET doses (0 or 1500 mg/kg). Pigs with initial BW of 31.44 ± 1.65 kg were divided to one of the six treatments (six replications with 2 pigs per pen). In experiment 1, lowing NE concentrations increased average daily feed intake (ADFI) by 10.69% in pigs fed the diet without BET (P > 0.05). BET significantly increased ADFI in N-NE diet (P < 0.05) but had no influence on ADFI in R80-NE diet (P > 0.05). BET enhanced the apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP), dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), gross energy (GE), and ether extract (EE) in R80-NE diet (P < 0.05). In experiment 2, lowing NE concentrations enhanced ADFI (P > 0.05) and decreased average daily gain (ADG; P < 0.05). The reduction in feed intake by BET was further enhanced as NE concentrations decreased from 2415 to 2355 kcal/kg (P < 0.10). BET reversed the elevation of serum triglyceride, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase levels caused by R120-NE diet (P < 0.05). The concentrations of cholecystokinin and glucagon-like peptide 1 were increased by BET in pigs fed the R120-NE diet (P < 0.05). Serum metabolomics reveals that lowing dietary NE concentrations affected mainly amino acid biosynthetic pathways (P < 0.05). BET supplementation in R120-NE diet up-regulated serum BET levels and down-regulated homocysteine, DL-carnitine, and four amino acid secondary metabolites (P < 0.05). In conclusion, lowing dietary NE contents reduced the growth performance and caused metabolic abnormalities in growing pigs. However, BET decreased feed intake to a certain extent and improved the metabolic health of pigs fed the low-NE diets, which may be related to the dual regulation of amino acid metabolism and the secretion of appetite related hormones by BET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runqi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Chan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zhemin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Wenwu Yang
- Technical Development Department, Skystone Feed Co., Ltd, Yixing, Jiangsu 214258, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Wang A, Zhang K, Fu C, Zhou C, Yan Z, Liu X. Alleviation effect of conjugated linoleic acid on estradiol benzoate induced fatty liver hemorrhage syndrome in Hy-line male chickens. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad045. [PMID: 36751705 PMCID: PMC9985313 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore whether conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) could alleviate fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) induced by estradiol benzoate intramuscular injection in laying hens. One hundred male Hy-Line white chickens were randomly divided into two groups, namely, the control (CON) and estradiol benzoate (E) groups, and both groups were fed the same basal diet. After injections of estradiol benzoate at 2 mg/kg every two days for a total of 7 times, chickens in the E group showed FLHS symptoms, including liver enlargement, hemorrhage, and steatosis. Then half of the chickens in the E group received an additional diet containing 5000 mg/kg CLA for 8 weeks. The results of morphological observations, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and Oil Red O staining showed that CLA alleviated liver enlargement, hemorrhage, and lipid accumulation in FLHS chickens. In addition, we measured liver function and lipid metabolism indicators, including ALT, AST, TG, TCH, HDL-C, and LDL-C, which further suggested that CLA mitigated the disturbance of serum and liver metabolism in FLHS chickens. Mechanistically, CLA inhibited hepatic de novo lipogenesis, cholesterol synthesis, and TG accumulation and increased TG hydrolysis in FLHS chickens by regulating the gene expression of CD36, ACC, FAS, SCD 1, DGAT2, LIPE, ATGL, CPT1A, SREBP-1c, SREBP-2, PPARγ, and PPARα. Furthermore, CLA ameliorated hepatic oxidative stress and inhibited NF-κB signaling pathway-mediated inflammation in FLHS chickens. In conclusion, CLA regulated lipid metabolism, thus further alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation to alleviate FLHS induced by estrogen in chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Chunyan Fu
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Poultry Diseases Diagnosis and Immunology, Jinan 250100, China
- Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Changming Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Heze University, Heze 274015, China
| | - Zhengui Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xuelan Liu
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Poultry Diseases Diagnosis and Immunology, Jinan 250100, China
- Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, Jinan 250100, China
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Badr AM, Sherif IO, Mahran YF, Attia HA. Role of Renin-Angiotensin System in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver. THE RENIN ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM IN CANCER, LUNG, LIVER AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023:179-197. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-23621-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
|
119
|
Derivation of metabolic point of departure using high-throughput in vitro metabolomics: investigating the importance of sampling time points on benchmark concentration values in the HepaRG cell line. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:721-735. [PMID: 36683062 PMCID: PMC9968698 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03439-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Amongst omics technologies, metabolomics should have particular value in regulatory toxicology as the measurement of the molecular phenotype is the closest to traditional apical endpoints, whilst offering mechanistic insights into the biological perturbations. Despite this, the application of untargeted metabolomics for point-of-departure (POD) derivation via benchmark concentration (BMC) modelling is still a relatively unexplored area. In this study, a high-throughput workflow was applied to derive PODs associated with a chemical exposure by measuring the intracellular metabolome of the HepaRG cell line following treatment with one of four chemicals (aflatoxin B1, benzo[a]pyrene, cyclosporin A, or rotenone), each at seven concentrations (aflatoxin B1, benzo[a]pyrene, cyclosporin A: from 0.2048 μM to 50 μM; rotenone: from 0.04096 to 10 μM) and five sampling time points (2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h). The study explored three approaches to derive PODs using benchmark concentration modelling applied to single features in the metabolomics datasets or annotated metabolites or lipids: (1) the 1st rank-ordered unannotated feature, (2) the 1st rank-ordered putatively annotated feature (using a recently developed HepaRG-specific library of polar metabolites and lipids), and (3) 25th rank-ordered feature, demonstrating that for three out of four chemical datasets all of these approaches led to relatively consistent BMC values, varying less than tenfold across the methods. In addition, using the 1st rank-ordered unannotated feature it was possible to investigate temporal trends in the datasets, which were shown to be chemical specific. Furthermore, a possible integration of metabolomics-driven POD derivation with the liver steatosis adverse outcome pathway (AOP) was demonstrated. The study highlights that advances in technologies enable application of in vitro metabolomics at scale; however, greater confidence in metabolite identification is required to ensure PODs are mechanistically anchored.
Collapse
|
120
|
Yu C, Li X, Zhao Y, Hu Y. The role of FOXA family transcription factors in glucolipid metabolism and NAFLD. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1081500. [PMID: 36798663 PMCID: PMC9927216 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1081500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism are common pathological processes in many metabolic diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Many studies have shown that the forkhead box (FOX) protein subfamily FOXA has a role in regulating glucolipid metabolism and is closely related to hepatic steatosis and NAFLD. FOXA exhibits a wide range of functions ranging from the initiation steps of metabolism such as the development of the corresponding metabolic organs and the differentiation of cells, to multiple pathways of glucolipid metabolism, to end-of-life problems of metabolism such as age-related obesity. The purpose of this article is to review and discuss the currently known targets and signal transduction pathways of FOXA in glucolipid metabolism. To provide more experimental evidence and basis for further research and clinical application of FOXA in the regulation of glucolipid metabolism and the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuchu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affifiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affifiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affifiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Zhao, ; Yiyang Hu,
| | - Yiyang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affifiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Shuguang Hospital Affifiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Zhao, ; Yiyang Hu,
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Si H, Gao T, Yang J, Zhu J, Han Y, Li C, Wang J, Li J, Zhao Y, Chen L, Zheng Y, Jiang M. Multi-omics reveals hypertrophy of adipose tissue and lipid metabolism disorder via mitochondria in young mice under real-ambient exposure to air pollution. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1122615. [PMID: 37033660 PMCID: PMC10079078 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1122615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution has become one of the most serious health risks as a result of industrialization, especially in developing countries. More attention has been drawn to the relationship between obesity/overweight and fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Especially for susceptible populations, the impact of air pollution on children and adolescents has attracted more public attentions. However, the detailed underlying mechanism influencing obesity or overweight under PM2.5 exposure is still unknown. Therefore, young mice were exposed to PM2.5 using the real-ambient exposure system that we previously established in Shijiazhuang city. Compared with the traditionally concentrated air particle (CAP) system, our real-ambient exposure system provides similar PM2.5 concentrations and characteristics as outdoor ambient air and minimizes the influence of external interfering factors. After 8 weeks of exposure to PM2.5, the weight of gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT) and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) was considerably increased, accompanied by a significantly enlarged size of adipocytes in sWAT. Importantly, multiomics analysis indicated altered metabolites involved in the lipid metabolism pathway, and transcriptomic analysis revealed notably changed signaling pathways related to fatty acid metabolism. Moreover, the mtDNA copy number, mitochondrial activity and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) were increased in the liver under PM2.5 exposure. Taken together, our research investigated the hypotrophy of adipose tissue in young mice, supported an imbalance in lipid metabolism based on multiomics analysis, and revealed disordered mitochondrial function under PM2.5 exposure. Our study provided new insight into the hazardous effects of air pollution, and extended our understanding on the underlying mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Si
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tianlin Gao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Han
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengwei Li
- Linyi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Linyi, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianyu Li
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanjie Zhao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Menghui Jiang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Menghui Jiang,
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Fan FS. Small-interfering RNA targeting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 might promote fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma through upregulation of CD36. Tumour Biol 2023; 45:73-80. [PMID: 37694331 DOI: 10.3233/tub-230007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) binds to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor and fatty acid translocase CD36, inducing lysosomal degradation of these two receptors in the liver cells. Both monoclonal antibody (mAb) and small-interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting PCSK9 have been designed for treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia recently, with elevating LDL receptors on the liver cell surface and increasing LDL uptake as the main beneficial mechanism. However, given that the binding domains of PCSK9 for LDL receptor and CD36 are different, and PCSK9 mAb only attacks the domain for LDL receptor, CD36 expression remains partially controlled under PCSK9 mAb treatment. In contrast, PCSK9 siRNA brings on complete loss of PCSK9, resulting in overexpression of CD36. Based on the fact that CD36 is a key factor in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and subsequent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the risk of developing NAFLD and HCC on long-term use of PCSK9 siRNA is thus raised as a hypothesis. Additionally, because CD36 is also involved in the promotion of malignant diseases other than HCC, such as acute myeloid leukemia, gastric cancer, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer, the speculative danger of flourishing these malignancies by PCSK9 siRNA is discussed as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank S Fan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Luo S, Zhang H, Jiang X, Xia Y, Tang S, Duan X, Sun W, Gao M, Chen C, Zou Z, Zhou L, Qiu J. Antibiotics administration alleviates the high fat diet-induced obesity through altering the lipid metabolism in young mice. Lipids 2023; 58:19-32. [PMID: 36253942 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is a global trend of rapid increase in obesity, especially among adolescents. The antibiotics cocktails (ABX) therapy is commonly used as an adjunctive treatment for gut microbiota related diseases, including obesity. However, the effects of broad-spectrum antibiotics alone on young obese hosts have rarely been reported. In the present study, the 3-week-old C57BL/6J male mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) were intragastric administration with ampicillin, vancomycin, metronidazole or neomycin for 30 days. The lipid metabolites in plasma were assessed by biochemical assay kits, and genes related to lipid metabolite in the white adipose were assessed by qPCR. To further analyze the underlying mechanisms, the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism, inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress in the liver were determined by qPCR assay. In addition, the expression of oxidative damage-associated proteins in the liver were detected by western blot. The results showed that oral antibiotics exposure could reduce body weight and fat index in HFD-fed mice, concurrent with the increase of white adipose lipolysis genes and the decrease of hepatic lipogenic genes. Furthermore, antibiotics treatment could clearly reverse the HFD-induced elevation of oxidative damage-related proteins in the liver. Together, these findings will provide valuable clues into the effects of antibiotics on obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyue Luo
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyang Zhang
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Center of Experimental Teaching for Public Health, Experimental Teaching and Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinyin Xia
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixin Tang
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhao Duan
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhi Chen
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zou
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixiao Zhou
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfu Qiu
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Singdam P, Naowaboot J, Senggunprai L, Boonloh K, Pannangpetch P. Pluchea indica Leaf Extract Alleviates Dyslipidemia and Hepatic Steatosis by Modifying the Expression of Lipid Metabolism-Related Genes in Rats Fed a High Fat-High Fructose Diet. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2022; 27:384-398. [PMID: 36721751 PMCID: PMC9843721 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2022.27.4.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of Pluchea indica leaf extract (PIE) on dyslipidemia and lipid accumulation in the liver, emphasizing its molecular mechanisms in regulating lipid metabolism in rats fed a high fat-high fructose diet (HFFD). Male rats were fed HFFD (40% lard and 20% fructose) for ten weeks. They were then divided into four groups receiving distilled water, PIE (100 or 300 mg/kg/d), and pioglitazone (10 mg/kg/d) for a further six weeks, during which the HFFD was continued. After the experiment, fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance (OGT), serum insulin and leptin levels, lipid profiles, and hepatic triglyceride content were measured. Histological examination and expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes in the liver were measured. HFFD-fed rats indicated a significantly increased FBG, serum leptin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) scores with impaired OGT and dyslipidemia compared to rats fed a normal diet. PIE significantly reduced FBG, serum leptin, and HOMA-IR scores and improved OGT. Additionally, PIE significantly improved dyslipidemia and decreased serum-free fatty acids and liver triglyceride content. Hepatic histological examination showed a marked reduction lipid accumulation in relation to HFFD controls. Interestingly, PIE significantly downregulated the expression of lipid synthesis-related genes and upregulated the expression of fatty-acid oxidation-related genes. In conclusion, PIE alleviates dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis in HFFD rats plausibly by increasing insulin resistance and modifying the gene expression associated with lipid metabolism. PIE may be used as preventive nutrition for dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patcharin Singdam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jarinyaporn Naowaboot
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Laddawan Senggunprai
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Kampeebhorn Boonloh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Patchareewan Pannangpetch
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand,
Correspondence to Patchareewan Pannangpetch, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Glutamine supplementation moderately affects growth, plasma metabolite and free amino acid patterns in neonatal low birth weight piglets. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:2330-2340. [PMID: 35144703 PMCID: PMC9723486 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522000459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Low birth weight (LBW) neonates show impaired growth compared with normal birth weight (NBW) neonates. Glutamine (Gln) supplementation benefits growth of weaning piglets, while the effect on neonates is not sufficiently clear. We examined the effect of neonatal Gln supplementation on piglet growth, milk intake and metabolic parameters. Sow-reared pairs of newborn LBW (0·8-1·2 kg) and NBW (1·4-1·8 kg) male piglets received Gln (1 g/kg body mass (BM)/d; Gln-LBW, Gln-NBW; n 24/group) or isonitrogenous alanine (1·22 g/kg BM/d; Ala-LBW; Ala-NBW; n 24/group) supplementation at 1-5 or 1-12 d of age (daily in three equal portions at 07:00, 12:00 and 17:00 by syringe feeding). We measured piglet BM, milk intake (1, 11-12 d), plasma metabolite, insulin, amino acid (AA) and liver TAG concentrations (5, 12 d). The Gln-LBW group had higher BM (+7·5%, 10 d, P = 0·066; 11-12 d, P < 0·05) and milk intake (+14·7%, P = 0·015) than Ala-LBW. At 5 d, Ala-LBW group had higher plasma TAG (+34·7%, P < 0·1) and lower carnosine (-22·5%, P < 0·05) than Ala-NBW and Gln-LBW, and higher liver TAG (+66·9%, P = 0·029) than Ala-NBW. At 12 d, plasma urea was higher (+37·5%, P < 0·05) with Gln than Ala supplementation. Several proteinogenic AA in plasma were lower (P < 0·05) in Ala-NBW v. Gln-NBW. Plasma arginine was higher (P < 0·05) in Gln-NBW v Ala-NBW piglets (5, 12 d). Supplemental Gln moderately improved growth and milk intake and affected lipid metabolism in LBW piglets and AA metabolism in NBW piglets, suggesting effects on intestinal and liver function.
Collapse
|
126
|
Bao Y, Han X, Liu D, Tan Z, Deng Y. Gut microbiota: The key to the treatment of metabolic syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine - a case study of diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1072376. [PMID: 36618372 PMCID: PMC9816483 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1072376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome mainly includes obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) and cardiovascular diseases. According to the ancient experience philosophy of Yin-Yang, monarch-minister compatibility of traditional Chinese medicine, prescription is given to treat diseases, which has the advantages of small toxic and side effects and quick effect. However, due to the diversity of traditional Chinese medicine ingredients and doubts about the treatment theory of traditional Chinese medicine, the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine is still in doubt. Gastrointestinal tract is an important part of human environment, and participates in the occurrence and development of diseases. In recent years, more and more TCM researches have made intestinal microbiome a new frontier for understanding and treating diseases. Clinically, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) often co-occur. Our aim is to explain the mechanism of interaction between gastrointestinal microbiome and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) or traditional Chinese medicine formula to treat DM and NAFLD. Traditional Chinese medicine may treat these two diseases by influencing the composition of intestinal microorganisms, regulating the metabolism of intestinal microorganisms and transforming Chinese medicinal compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bao
- Department of Endosecretory Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Endosecretory Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Da Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China,*Correspondence: Yongzhi Deng, ; Zhaolin Tan, ; Da Liu,
| | - Zhaolin Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China,*Correspondence: Yongzhi Deng, ; Zhaolin Tan, ; Da Liu,
| | - Yongzhi Deng
- Department of Acupuncture and Massage, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China,*Correspondence: Yongzhi Deng, ; Zhaolin Tan, ; Da Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Pengnet S, Sumarithum P, Phongnu N, Prommaouan S, Kantip N, Phoungpetchara I, Malakul W. Naringin attenuates fructose-induced NAFLD progression in rats through reducing endogenous triglyceride synthesis and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1049818. [PMID: 36588703 PMCID: PMC9797507 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1049818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Excessive fructose consumption causes hepatic lipid accumulation via increased triglyceride (TG) synthesis, leading to the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NALFD). Naringin, a flavanone glycoside found in citrus fruit, has antioxidant and hypolipidemic properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of naringin on fructose-induced NAFLD in rats and the possible underlying mechanism. Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were given 10% (w/v) fructose in drinking water for 12 weeks. Naringin (100 mg/kg/day) was administered orally to rats for the last 4 weeks of fructose overload. After 12 weeks of treatment, the hepatic lipid content was determined. In addition, the expression of proteins involved in de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and TG synthesis as well as antioxidant and inflammatory mediators in the liver were examined by western blot analysis. Results: Treatment of fructose-fed rats with naringin significantly decreased the hepatic TG and cholesterol content as well as serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities. Naringin treatment also decreased the hepatic expression of carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and nuclear SREBP-1c (nSREBP-1c) as well as enzymes involved in DNL (acetyl CoA carboxylase [ACC] and fatty acid synthase [FAS]) and an enzyme involved in TG synthesis (glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1 [GPAT-1] and diacylglycerol acyltransferase2 [DGAT2]) in fructose-fed rats. In addition, naringin induced a significant decrease in the hepatic expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Furthermore, naringin administration restored the expression of the antioxidant mediators nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the liver of fructose-fed rats. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that oral administration of naringin protects against fructose-induced hepatic steatosis by decreasing DNL and TG synthesis. In addition, naringin could prevent NAFLD progression via targeting the Nrf2/HO-1 and the NF-κB/TNF-α pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sirinat Pengnet
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Phinsuda Sumarithum
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Nuttaphong Phongnu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Sakdina Prommaouan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Napapas Kantip
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Ittipon Phoungpetchara
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Wachirawadee Malakul
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand,Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand,*Correspondence: Wachirawadee Malakul,
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Deguchi S, Takayama K. State-of-the-art liver disease research using liver-on-a-chip. Inflamm Regen 2022; 42:62. [PMID: 36494740 PMCID: PMC9733013 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-022-00248-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand disease pathophysiologies, models that recapitulate human functions are necessary. In vitro models that consist of human cells are preferred to ones using animal cells, because organ functions can vary from species to species. However, conventional in vitro models do not recapitulate human organ functions well. Organ-on-a-chip technology provides a reliable in vitro model of the functional units of human organs. Organ-on-a-chip technology uses microfluidic devices and their accessories to impart organ functions to human cells. Using microfluidic devices, we can co-culture multiple cell types that compose human organs. Moreover, we can culture human cells under physiologically relevant stresses, such as mechanical and shear stresses. Current organ-on-a-chip technology can reproduce the functions of several organs including the liver. Because it is difficult to maintain the function of human hepatocytes, which are the gold standard of in vitro liver models, under conventional culture conditions, the application of liver-on-a-chips to liver disease research is expected. This review introduces the current status and future prospects of liver-on-a-chips in liver disease research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Deguchi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, 100-0004 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Pal SC, Eslam M, Mendez-Sanchez N. Detangling the interrelations between MAFLD, insulin resistance, and key hormones. Hormones (Athens) 2022; 21:573-589. [PMID: 35921046 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-022-00391-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has increasingly become a significant and highly prevalent cause of chronic liver disease, displaying a wide array of risk factors and pathophysiologic mechanisms of which only a few have so far been clearly elucidated. A bidirectional interaction between hormonal discrepancies and metabolic-related disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) has been described. Since the change in nomenclature from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to MAFLD is based on the clear impact of metabolic elements on the disease, the reciprocal interactions of hormones such as insulin, adipokines (leptin and adiponectin), and estrogens have strongly pointed to the intrinsic links that lead to the heterogeneous epidemiology, clinical presentations, and risk factors involved in MAFLD in different populations. The objective of this work is twofold. Firstly, there is a brief discussion regarding the change in nomenclature as well as epidemiology, risk factors, and pathophysiologic mechanisms other than hormonal effects, which include nutrition and the gut microbiome, as well as genetic and epigenetic influences. Secondly, we review the basis of the most important hormonal factors involved in the development and progression of MAFLD that act both independently and in an interrelated manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shreya C Pal
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, 4510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Puente de Piedra 150. Col. Toriello Guerra, 14050, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mohammed Eslam
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nahum Mendez-Sanchez
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, 4510, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Puente de Piedra 150. Col. Toriello Guerra, 14050, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Ismael LQ, Abdulhameed AR, Keong YY, Abdullah MNH, Bahari H, Jie TJ, Yin KB. Bisphenol A is a carcinogen that induces lipid accumulation, peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor‑γ expression and liver disease. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:735. [PMID: 36466761 PMCID: PMC9709766 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol (BP) A is an exogenous endocrine disruptor that mimics hormones closely associated with health complications, e.g., obesity and cancers. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of BPA on human liver cells and tissue. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ expression profile across tumour samples and paired normal tissue was first analysed using GEPIA. Subsequently, BPA-treated liver THLE-2 cell viability was evaluated using an MTT assay. Clusterin, PPARα and PPARγ gene expression in BPA-treated THLE-2 cells was assessed using GEPIA before validating the gene expression using real-time PCR and analysing overall survival using TCGA data in GEPIA. Cytoplasmic lipid accumulation was examined in BPA-treated THLE-2 cells using Oil Red O staining, and liver tissue was examined using haematoxylin and eosin staining. Finally, cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene expression was assessed in BPA-treated THLE-2 cells using real-time PCR. PPARγ is likely the primary nuclear receptor protein involved in lipid accumulation in THLE-2 cells following BPA treatment and is associated with liver disease. THLE-2 cells exposed to BPA showed a decrease in viability and lipid accumulation after 48 h treatment. Higher PPARγ gene expression was significantly associated with survival of patients with liver cancer, with an average survival time of <80 months. Haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections showed notable disruption of the liver architecture in tissue exposed to BPA. Downregulated CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 gene expression implied that BPA-treated THLE-2 cells decreased capacity for carcinogen metabolism, while upregulated CYP2S1 gene expression exerted minimal cytotoxicity. The present study revealed that BPA served as a carcinogen, enhanced tumorigenesis susceptibility and may induce other types of liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Layla Qasim Ismael
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, University Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil 44001, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Rashid Abdulhameed
- Physiology Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Yong Yoke Keong
- Physiology Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Nazrul Hakim Abdullah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Hasnah Bahari
- Physiology Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Tan Jun Jie
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, University Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Penang 13200, Malaysia
| | - Khoo Boon Yin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, University Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Noh DJ, Yoon GA. Mulberry ( Morus alba L.) ethanol extract attenuates lipid metabolic disturbance and adipokine imbalance in high-fat fed rats. Nutr Res Pract 2022; 16:716-728. [PMID: 36467763 PMCID: PMC9702542 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2022.16.6.716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES An imbalanced adipokine profile in obesity increases the susceptibility to obesity-related cardiometabolic alterations, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The mulberry plant has been reported to have health benefits, such as hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective effects. This study examined the effects of a mulberry (Morus alba L.) fruit ethanol extract (MBEE) on dyslipidemia, liver steatosis, and adipokine imbalance in response to a high-fat diet. MATERIALS/METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of 4 groups containing 6 rats each and fed either a control diet (CON), a high-fat diet (HFD), or a high-fat diet with MBEE of 150 mg/kg/day (LMB) or 300 mg/kg/day (HMB). The triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were measured spectrophotometrically. The leptin, adiponectin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The plasma TG levels were similar in the 4 groups. Plasma cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and TC/HDL-C ratio increased in the HFD group compared with the CON group, whereas those values decreased in the LMB group (P < 0.05), indicating that MBEE had a plasma lipid-lowering effect. HDL-C decreased in the HFD group, but MBEE did not affect the HDL-C level. The HFD rats significantly increased hepatic TG and cholesterol levels and plasma ALT and AST activities compared to the CON group. The hepatic TG level and ALT and AST activities were reduced markedly by the MBEE treatment. The HFD group showed a higher PAI-1 level, whereas MBEE treatment, especially in the HMB group, significantly reduced leptin level, and leptin/adiponectin and PAI-1/adiponectin ratios. These findings suggest that MBEE altered the imbalance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokines to a more anti-inflammatory state. CONCLUSIONS MBEE could protect against abnormal lipid metabolism and hepatic steatosis induced by a high-fat diet, lowering plasma cholesterol, LDL-C and TC/HDL-C, and hepatic TG. These findings are associated with the regulating effect of MBEE on the leptin/adiponectin and PAI-1/adiponectin ratios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da-jung Noh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Nursing, Healthcare Sciences and Human Ecology, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - Gun-Ae Yoon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Nursing, Healthcare Sciences and Human Ecology, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Ramms B, Pollow DP, Zhu H, Nora C, Harrington AR, Omar I, Gordts PL, Wortham M, Sander M. Systemic LSD1 Inhibition Prevents Aberrant Remodeling of Metabolism in Obesity. Diabetes 2022; 71:2513-2529. [PMID: 36162056 PMCID: PMC9750949 DOI: 10.2337/db21-1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The transition from lean to obese states involves systemic metabolic remodeling that impacts insulin sensitivity, lipid partitioning, inflammation, and glycemic control. Here, we have taken a pharmacological approach to test the role of a nutrient-regulated chromatin modifier, lysine-specific demethylase (LSD1), in obesity-associated metabolic reprogramming. We show that systemic administration of an LSD1 inhibitor (GSK-LSD1) reduces food intake and body weight, ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and improves insulin sensitivity and glycemic control in mouse models of obesity. GSK-LSD1 has little effect on systemic metabolism of lean mice, suggesting that LSD1 has a context-dependent role in promoting maladaptive changes in obesity. In analysis of insulin target tissues we identified white adipose tissue as the major site of insulin sensitization by GSK-LSD1, where it reduces adipocyte inflammation and lipolysis. We demonstrate that GSK-LSD1 reverses NAFLD in a non-hepatocyte-autonomous manner, suggesting an indirect mechanism potentially via inhibition of adipocyte lipolysis and subsequent effects on lipid partitioning. Pair-feeding experiments further revealed that effects of GSK-LSD1 on hyperglycemia and NAFLD are not a consequence of reduced food intake and weight loss. These findings suggest that targeting LSD1 could be a strategy for treatment of obesity and its associated complications including type 2 diabetes and NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Ramms
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Dennis P. Pollow
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Han Zhu
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Chelsea Nora
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Austin R. Harrington
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Ibrahim Omar
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Philip L.S.M. Gordts
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Matthew Wortham
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Maike Sander
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Chua D, Low ZS, Cheam GX, Ng AS, Tan NS. Utility of Human Relevant Preclinical Animal Models in Navigating NAFLD to MAFLD Paradigm. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314762. [PMID: 36499091 PMCID: PMC9737809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver disease is an emerging contributor to disease burden worldwide. The past decades of work established the heterogeneous nature of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) etiology and systemic contributions to the pathogenesis of the disease. This called for the proposal of a redefinition in 2020 to that of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) to better reflect the current understanding of the disease. To date, several clinical cohort studies comparing NAFLD and MAFLD hint at the relevancy of the new nomenclature in enriching for patients with more severe hepatic injury and extrahepatic comorbidities. However, the underlying systemic pathogenesis is still not fully understood. Preclinical animal models have been imperative in elucidating key biological mechanisms in various contexts, including intrahepatic disease progression, interorgan crosstalk and systemic dysregulation. Furthermore, they are integral in developing novel therapeutics against MAFLD. However, substantial contextual variabilities exist across different models due to the lack of standardization in several aspects. As such, it is crucial to understand the strengths and weaknesses of existing models to better align them to the human condition. In this review, we consolidate the implications arising from the change in nomenclature and summarize MAFLD pathogenesis. Subsequently, we provide an updated evaluation of existing MAFLD preclinical models in alignment with the new definitions and perspectives to improve their translational relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damien Chua
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (N.S.T.); Tel.: +65-63162941 (N.S.T.); Fax: +65-67913856 (N.S.T.)
| | - Zun Siong Low
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Guo Xiang Cheam
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Aik Seng Ng
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (N.S.T.); Tel.: +65-63162941 (N.S.T.); Fax: +65-67913856 (N.S.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Furuya F, Fujita Y, Matsuo N, Minamino H, Oguri Y, Isomura N, Ikeda K, Takesue K, Li Y, Kondo A, Mano F, Inagaki N. Liver autophagy-induced valine and leucine in plasma reflect the metabolic effect of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin. EBioMedicine 2022; 86:104342. [PMID: 36423374 PMCID: PMC9682354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are anti-diabetic drugs for type 2 diabetes that lower blood glucose levels and body weight. It is of special interest that SGLT2 inhibitors also improve liver metabolism and fatty liver. Liver is an important organ in regulation of energy metabolism, but the metabolic action of SGLT inhibitors in liver remains unclear. METHODS We investigated the factors associated with the beneficial effects of dapagliflozin, a SGLT2 inhibitor, in the liver after confirming its glucose-lowering and weight loss effects using an obesity and diabetes mouse model. We also performed clinical study of patients with type 2 diabetes to explore candidate biomarkers that reflect the beneficial action of dapagliflozin in the liver. FINDINGS In animal study, dapagliflozin induced autophagy in the liver (LC3-II to LC3-I expression ratio: P < 0·05 vs. control), and valine and leucine levels were increased in plasma (P < 0·01 vs. control) as well as in liver (P < 0·05 vs. control). Thus, increased plasma valine and leucine levels are potential biomarkers for improved liver metabolism. Clinical study found that valine and leucine levels were markedly higher in patients treated with dapagliflozin (valine: P < 0·05 vs. control, leucine: P < 0·01 vs. control) than those not treated after one week intervention. INTERPRETATION Dapagliflozin improves liver metabolism via hepatic autophagy, and plasma valine and leucine levels may reflect its metabolic effect. FUNDING AstraZeneca K.K., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., and Japan Foundation for Applied Enzymology, and MSD Life Science Foundation International.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshihito Fujita
- Corresponding author. Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin, Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Corresponding author. Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin, Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Chen C, Wen Q, Ma C, Li X, Huang T, Ke J, Gong C, Hei Z. Hypertriglyceridemia is associated with stroke after non-cardiac, non-neurological surgery in the older patients: A nested case-control study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:935934. [DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.935934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionGeriatric postoperative stroke is a rare but serious complication after surgery. The association between hypertriglyceridemia and postoperative stroke remains controversial, especially in older patients undergoing non-cardiac, non-neurological surgery. The study aims to address this clinical dilemma.Materials and methodsWe conducted a nested case-control study among 9601 aged patients undergoing non-cardiac non-neurological surgery from October 2015 to 2021. A total of 22 positive cases were matched for the surgical type and time, to 88 control patients by a ratio of 1:4. The effect of hypertriglyceridemia on the occurrence of postoperative stroke within 30 days after surgery was estimated using conditional logistic regression analysis by adjusting to various potential confounders.ResultsA total of 22 cases developed ischemia stroke after surgery, and compared with the non-stroke group, they had more postoperative ICU admission, longer postoperative hospitalization and higher total cost (all p < 0.05), and more patients were presenting with preoperative hypertriglyceridemia [8 (36.4%) vs. 15 (17.0%), p = 0.045]. There was a significant association between hypertriglyceridemia and postoperative stroke, with adjusted odds ratios of 6.618 (95% CI 1.286, 34.064) (p = 0.024). The above results remained robust in the sensitivity analyses.ConclusionAmong older patients undergoing non-cardiac and non-neurological surgery, hypertriglyceridemia was associated with significant increased risk of postoperative stroke.
Collapse
|
136
|
Lou K, Sun P, Zhang C, Jiang Q, Pang S. X-box binding protein 1: A new metabolic mediator and drug target of metformin? Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1013218. [PMID: 36438823 PMCID: PMC9691898 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1013218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that metformin improved hypertriglyceridemia. The present study aim to investigate the molecular mechanism by which metformin improves hypertriglyceridemia via regulation of diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) and X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) in the liver and whether AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is involved. Mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or high-fat diet with metformin for 5 weeks to evaluate the effect of metformin on triglyceride (TG) levels and expression of DGAT2 and XBP1 in the liver. In vitro HepG2 cells or XBP1 knockout AML12 hepatocytes were stimulated with metformin, palmitic acid or small interfering RNA inducing XBP1 knockdown, or dominant-negative mutant AMPK plasmid. Metformin treatment reduced hepatic TG levels in the liver of HFD-fed mice. Expression of nuclear and cytoplasmic XBP1 protein and its downstream target gene DGAT2 decreased in the liver of HFD-fed mice and HepG2 cells after metformin treatment. AMPK inactivation or overexpression of XBP1 attenuates this effect. Our preliminary results demonstrate that metformin activates AMPK to reduce TG synthesis by inhibiting the XBP1-mediated DGAT2 pathway, at least in part, suggesting that XBP1 is a new metabolic mediator for metformin treatment of hypertriglyceridemia and associated metabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lou
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Pei Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunxue Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiang Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuguang Pang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Shuguang Pang,
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Liu M, Zhao Q, Liu J, Huang A, Xia X. Buyang Huanwu decoction affects gut microbiota and lipid metabolism in a ZDF rat model of co-morbid type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity: An integrated metabolomics analysis. Front Chem 2022; 10:1036380. [PMID: 36438869 PMCID: PMC9682010 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1036380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease associated with many severe complications such as blindness, amputation, renal failure, and cardiovascular disease. Currently, the prevention and treatment of T2DM is a major global challenge as the number of aging and obese people is increasing. Traditional Chinese medicine offers the advantages of multi-target holistic and individual treatment for obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, most of the TCMs for T2DM are not scientifically evaluated. Here, Buyang Huanwu decoction (BYHWD), a widely used TCM formula, was used to explore scientific pharmacological activity against T2DM in rat models. First, BYHWD exhibited excellent inhibitory actions against body fat accumulation and increased blood triglyceride levels, and a high-fat diet (HFD) induced blood glucose elevation in diabetic rats. Moreover, 16S rDNA sequencing of fecal samples identified the distinct changes in the community composition of gut flora following BYHWD treatment, displayed as significantly increased Bacteroidetes and dramatically decreased Firmicutes at the phyla level, and the remarkable increase in the abundance of Lactobacillus and Blautia. Additionally, lipid metabolomics based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed a significant shift of lipid metabolites in the liver after BYHWD treatment. Notably, these differential lipid metabolites were particularly involved in biological processes such as cholesterol metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, insulin resistance, arachidonic acid metabolism, and alpha-linoleic acid metabolism. Importantly, Spearman correlation analyses suggested an association between disturbed gut microbiota and altered lipid metabolites. Moreover, they were also closely associated with the bioactivities of BYHWD to reduce the blood lipid and blood glucose levels. Collectively, these results suggest that BYHWD could meliorate gut microbiota dysbiosis and lipid metabolite alterations induced by the HFD in diabetic rats. These results not only provide a novel perspective on understanding the mechanisms underlying BYHWD bioactivity against T2DM but also suggest the use of advanced systems biology methods to reveal some unknown scientific laws in TCM theories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinmian Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayan Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aijing Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - XinHua Xia
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Yuan Q, Zhou Q, Wang N, Zheng Y, Hu H, Hu S, Wang H. Integrative proteomics and metabolomics of Guizhou Miao Sour Soup affecting simple obese rats. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1019205. [DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1019205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Miao Sour Soup (MSS) is a fermented product from the Qiandongnan region of Guizhou Province, which enrich many beneficial ingredients and is widely consumed in the whole China. Fermented food is beneficial to physical health with the potential positive regulating affection on simple obesity. In this study, we analyzed the mechanism of action of MSS to prevent simple obesity induced by high-fat diet by proteomics and metabolomics. Quantitative proteomics with tandem mass tagging labeling and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze the changes of liver proteins and metabolites after the MSS intervention. MSS intervention upregulated 33 proteins and 9 metabolites and downregulated 19 proteins and 10 metabolites. Bioinformatics analysis showed that MSS could prevent simple obesity by acting on the PPAR signaling pathway, retinol metabolism, fatty acid β-oxidation, fatty acid degradation, fatty acid biosynthesis, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, citrate cycle (TCA cycle) and other signaling pathways. This study provides new insights into the use of MSS to prevent simple obesity caused by high-fat diets and the search for healthy eating patterns with MSS.
Collapse
|
139
|
Marcinkiewicz K, Horodnicka-Józwa A, Jackowski T, Strączek K, Biczysko-Mokosa A, Walczak M, Petriczko E. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children with obesity- observations from one clinical centre in the Western Pomerania region. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:992264. [PMID: 36387906 PMCID: PMC9659621 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.992264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing health problem in the pediatric population, due to the constantly increasing percentage of children with obesity. The objective of the study was to assess the occurrence of NAFLD based on ultrasound (USG) analysis and the use of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in children with overweight and obesity depending on glucose tolerance. Medical records of 228 consecutive patients aged 2-18 years with overweight and obesity were reviewed retrospectively. Based on the oral glucose tolerance test children were divided into groups according to the severity of carbohydrate metabolism disorders. ALT, lipid parameters and insulin sensitivity indices HOMA, Matsuda and Quicki were analyzed. NAFLD was diagnosed (based on the USG) in 51 patients (23.61%) - the incidence in the impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) group was significantly higher when compared to ones without glucose intolerance. Because of extreme values of metabolic parameters in TDM2 children being outliers, they were not considered in the statistical analysis of the study. 22 (11.58%) patients had elevated ALT values, of which 12 (54.55%) had hepatic steatosis features on ultrasound. 72.73% (n=32) patients with fatty liver features on USG had ALT values considered normal with cut-off point 42 U/l accepted in this study. Almost every fourth obese child in the study group presents features of fatty liver in ultrasound examination. Although ultrasound is not recommended by North American Society For Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology &Nutrition(NASPGHAN) for the diagnosis of NAFLD in children, it allows identifying a high percentage of children with features of fatty liver. This percentage increases significantly in children with glucose intolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Marcinkiewicz
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Cardiology of the Developmental Age, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
140
|
Riazi K, Swain MG, Congly SE, Kaplan GG, Shaheen AA. Race and Ethnicity in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:4556. [PMID: 36364818 PMCID: PMC9658200 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a significant public health concern worldwide with a complex etiology attributed to behavioural, environmental, and genetic causes. The worldwide prevalence of NAFLD is estimated to be 32.4% and constantly rising. Global data, however, indicate considerable heterogeneity among studies for both NAFLD prevalence and incidence. Identifying variables that affect the estimated epidemiological measures is essential to all stakeholders, including patients, researchers, healthcare providers, and policymakers. Besides helping with the research on disease etiology, it helps to identify individuals at risk of the disease, which in turn will outline the focus of the preventive measures and help to fittingly tailor individualized treatments, targeted prevention, screening, or treatment programs. Several studies suggest differences in the prevalence and severity of NAFLD by race or ethnicity, which may be linked to differences in lifestyle, diet, metabolic comorbidity profile, and genetic background, among others. Race/ethnicity research is essential as it can provide valuable information regarding biological and genetic differences among people with similar cultural, dietary, and geographical backgrounds. In this review, we examined the existing literature on race/ethnicity differences in susceptibility to NAFLD and discussed the contributing variables to such differences, including diet and physical activity, the comorbidity profile, and genetic susceptibility. We also reviewed the limitations of race/ethnicity studies in NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiarash Riazi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Mark G. Swain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Stephen E. Congly
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Gilaad G. Kaplan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
- O’Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Abdel-Aziz Shaheen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
- O’Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Mandal A. The Focus on Core Genetic Factors That Regulate Hepatic Injury in Cattle Seems to be Important for the Dairy Sector’s Long-Term Development. Vet Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.108151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cattle during the perinatal period, as well as malnutrition, generate oxidative stress which leads to high culling rates of calves after calving across the world. Although metabolic diseases have such a negative impact on the welfare and economic value of dairy cattle, that becomes a serious industrial concern across the world. According to research, genetic factors have a role or controlling fat deposition in the liver by influencing the biological processes of hepatic lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, gluconeogenesis, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation, all of which contribute to hepatic damage. This review focuses on the critical regulatory mechanisms of VEGF, mTOR/AKT/p53, TNF-alpha, Nf-kb, interleukin, and antioxidants that regulate lipid peroxidation in the liver via direct or indirect pathways, suggesting that they could be a potential critical therapeutic target for hepatic disease.
Collapse
|
142
|
Wang Y, Liu L, Liu X, Tan X, Zhu Y, Luo N, Zhao G, Cui H, Wen J. SLC16A7 Promotes Triglyceride Deposition by De Novo Lipogenesis in Chicken Muscle Tissue. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1547. [PMID: 36358250 PMCID: PMC9687483 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Triglyceride (TG) content in chicken muscle tissue signifies intramuscular fat (IMF) content, which is important for improving meat quality. However, the genetic basis of TG deposition in chicken is still unclear. Using 520 chickens from an artificially selected line with significantly increased IMF content and a control line, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) with TG content reports a region of 802 Kb located in chromosome 1. The XP-EHH and gene expression analysis together reveal that the solute carrier family 16 member A7 (SLC16A7) gene is the key candidate gene associated with TG content in chicken muscle tissue. Furthermore, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) confirmed the regulatory effects of SLC16A7 on promoting TG deposition by de novo lipogenesis (DNL). Functional verification of SLC16A7 in vitro also supports this view, and reveals that this effect mainly occurs in myocytes. Our data highlight a potential IMF deposition pathway by DNL, induced by SLC16A7 in chicken myocytes. These findings will improve the understanding of IMF regulation in chicken and guide the formulation of breeding strategies for high-quality chicken.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaodong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Na Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guiping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huanxian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Role of Inflammatory Factors in Mediating the Effect of Lipids on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Two-Step, Multivariable Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204434. [PMID: 36297117 PMCID: PMC9609493 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS 20-80% of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) have been observed to have dyslipidemia. Nevertheless, the probable mechanism of dyslipidemia's effect on NAFLD remains unclear. Mendelian randomization (MR) was utilized to investigate the relationship between lipids, inflammatory factors, and NAFLD; and also, to determine the proportion mediated by interleukin-17(IL-17) and interleukin-1β(IL-1β) for the effect between lipids and NAFLD. METHODS Summary statistics of traits were obtained from the latest and largest genome-wide association study (GWAS). The UK Biobank provided a summary of lipid statistics, which comprised up to 500,000 participants of European descent. And NAFLD GWAS summary statistics were obtained from the FinnGen Biobank which included a total sample size of 218,792 participants of European ancestry. In order to gain an overall picture of how lipids affect NAFLD, MR with two samples was carried out. Multivariable MR determined lipids direct effects on NAFLD after adjusting for inflammatory factors, namely IL-1β, interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-16(IL-16), IL-17, and interleukin-18(IL-18); those lipids comprise HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TGs), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), and apolipoprotein B (ApoB). For the purpose of determining the MR impact, an inverse variance weighted (IVW) meta-analysis of each Wald Ratio was carried out, while other methods were also performed for sensitivity analysis. RESULTS We discovered a positive association between genetically predicted TGs levels and a 45.5% elevated risk of NAFLD, while genetically predicted IL-1β [(IVW: OR 1.315 (1.060-1.630), p = 0.012) and IL-17 [(IVW: OR 1.468 (1.035-2.082), p = 0.032] were positively associated with 31.5% and 46.8% increased risk of NAFLD, respectively. Moreover, TG was positively associated with 10.5% increased risk of IL-1β and 17.3% increased risk of IL-17. The proportion mediated by IL-17 and IL-1β respectively and both was 2.6%, 3.1%, 14.1%. CONCLUSION Genetically predicted TGs, IL-1β, and IL-17 were positively associated with increased risk of NAFLD, with evidence that IL-1β and IL-17 mediated TGs effect upon NAFLD risk. It indicated that early diet management, weight management, lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory treatment should be carried out for patients with hyperlipidemia to prevent the NAFLD.
Collapse
|
144
|
Parksepp M, Haring L, Kilk K, Taalberg E, Kangro R, Zilmer M, Vasar E. A Marked Low-Grade Inflammation and a Significant Deterioration in Metabolic Status in First-Episode Schizophrenia: A Five-Year Follow-Up Study. Metabolites 2022; 12:983. [PMID: 36295885 PMCID: PMC9610466 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate how schizophrenia spectrum disorders and applied long-term (5.1 years) antipsychotic (AP) treatment affect the serum level of acylcarnitines (ACs), cytokines and metabolic biomarkers and to characterize the dynamics of inflammatory and metabolic changes in the early course of the disorder. A total of 112 adults participated in the study (54 patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and 58 control subjects). Biomolecule profiles were measured at the onset of first-episode psychosis and 0.6 years and 5.1 years after the initiation of APs. The results of the present study confirmed that specific metabolic-inflammatory imbalance characterizes AP-naïve patients. Short-term (0.6-years) AP treatment has a favourable effect on psychotic symptoms, as well as the recovery of metabolic flexibility and resolution of low-level inflammation. However, 5.1 years of AP treatment resulted in weight gain and increased serum levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, interferon-γ, hexoses, acetylcarnitine, short-chain ACs (C3, C4) and long-chain ACs (C16:2, C18:1, C18:2). In conclusion, despite the improvement in psychotic symptoms, 5.1 years of AP treatment was accompanied by a pronounced metabolic-inflammatory imbalance, which was confirmed by the presence of enhanced pro-inflammatory activity and increased obesity with changes in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and their metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madis Parksepp
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 50417 Tartu, Estonia
- Psychiatry Clinic of Viljandi Hospital, 71024 Viljandi, Estonia
| | - Liina Haring
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 50417 Tartu, Estonia
- Psychiatry Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, 50417 Tartu, Estonia
- Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Univesignallingrsity of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kalle Kilk
- Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Univesignallingrsity of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Egon Taalberg
- Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Univesignallingrsity of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Raul Kangro
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, 51009 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mihkel Zilmer
- Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Univesignallingrsity of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eero Vasar
- Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Univesignallingrsity of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Liu J, Zhu Y, Zhu D, Shi Y, Lu L, Li W, Li L, Zhou X, Zhang P, Yang H, Li M, Wang B, Sun M. GDF15 negatively regulates RGS16 to impair hepatic lipid metabolism in male mice offspring conceived by in vitro fertilization. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:7535-7551. [PMID: 36398249 PMCID: PMC9641458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We generated an in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) mouse model to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the abnormal lipid metabolism found in IVF-ET offspring. METHODS The glucose metabolism levels of offspring were assessed by glucose tolerance test (GTT), insulin tolerance test (ITT), and pyruvate tolerance test (PTT). The lipid metabolism levels were assessed by triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). RNA-seq was performed on liver tissues. mRNA and protein expression of relevant genes was verified by the quantitative real-time PCR and protein immunoblotting. HepG2 cells were transfected with either interfering RNA or overexpression plasmids to investigate the gene functions. RESULTS Compared to the control, male IVF-ET offspring showed: 1) higher body, liver, and epididymal white adipose tissue weight; 2) disrupted glucolipid metabolism with abnormal GTT, ITT, and PTT; 3) significantly decreased GDF15 along with increased RGS16. Furthermore, phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and AKT was significantly reduced. In HepG2 cells, knockdown of GDF15 caused an abnormally increased RGS16 and decreased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and AKT, accompanied by increased lipid deposition. In contrast, overexpression of GDF15 reduced expression of RGS16. Simultaneous knockdown of both GDF15 and RGS16 reversed lipid deposition. CONCLUSIONS Down-regulation of GDF15 results in elevated RGS16, which causes the weakening of the downstream ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation, leading to abnormal lipid metabolism in the livers of IVF-ET male offspring. This suggests that the GDF15-RGS16-p-ERK1/2/p-AKT pathway plays a crucial role in liver lipid deposition in IVF-ET male offspring and could be a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingliu Liu
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yichen Zhu
- Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Research, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yajun Shi
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Likui Lu
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weisheng Li
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingjun Li
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuwen Zhou
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengjie Zhang
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miao Sun
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Ballav S, Biswas B, Sahu VK, Ranjan A, Basu S. PPAR-γ Partial Agonists in Disease-Fate Decision with Special Reference to Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:3215. [PMID: 36291082 PMCID: PMC9601205 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) has emerged as one of the most extensively studied transcription factors since its discovery in 1990, highlighting its importance in the etiology and treatment of numerous diseases involving various types of cancer, type 2 diabetes mellitus, autoimmune, dermatological and cardiovascular disorders. Ligands are regarded as the key determinant for the tissue-specific activation of PPAR-γ. However, the mechanism governing this process is merely a contradictory debate which is yet to be systematically researched. Either these receptors get weakly activated by endogenous or natural ligands or leads to a direct over-activation process by synthetic ligands, serving as complete full agonists. Therefore, fine-tuning on the action of PPAR-γ and more subtle modulation can be a rewarding approach which might open new avenues for the treatment of several diseases. In the recent era, researchers have sought to develop safer partial PPAR-γ agonists in order to dodge the toxicity induced by full agonists, akin to a balanced activation. With a particular reference to cancer, this review concentrates on the therapeutic role of partial agonists, especially in cancer treatment. Additionally, a timely examination of their efficacy on various other disease-fate decisions has been also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Ballav
- Cancer and Translational Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune 411033, India
| | - Bini Biswas
- Cancer and Translational Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune 411033, India
| | - Vishal Kumar Sahu
- Cancer and Translational Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune 411033, India
| | - Amit Ranjan
- Cancer and Translational Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune 411033, India
| | - Soumya Basu
- Cancer and Translational Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune 411033, India
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Liu L, Liu Y, Zhou X, Xu Z, Zhang Y, Ji L, Hong C, Li C. Analyzing the metabolic fate of oral administration drugs: A review and state-of-the-art roadmap. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:962718. [PMID: 36278150 PMCID: PMC9585159 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.962718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The key orally delivered drug metabolism processes are reviewed to aid the assessment of the current in vivo/vitro experimental systems applicability for evaluating drug metabolism and the interaction potential. Orally administration is the most commonly used state-of-the-art road for drug delivery due to its ease of administration, high patient compliance and cost-effectiveness. Roles of gut metabolic enzymes and microbiota in drug metabolism and absorption suggest that the gut is an important site for drug metabolism, while the liver has long been recognized as the principal organ responsible for drugs or other substances metabolism. In this contribution, we explore various experimental models from their development to the application for studying oral drugs metabolism of and summarized advantages and disadvantages. Undoubtedly, understanding the possible metabolic mechanism of drugs in vivo and evaluating the procedure with relevant models is of great significance for screening potential clinical drugs. With the increasing popularity and prevalence of orally delivered drugs, sophisticated experimental models with higher predictive capacity for the metabolism of oral drugs used in current preclinical studies will be needed. Collectively, the review seeks to provide a comprehensive roadmap for researchers in related fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Changyu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Berk BA, Ottka C, Hong Law T, Packer RMA, Wessmann A, Bathen-Nöthen A, Jokinen TS, Knebel A, Tipold A, Lohi H, Volk HA. Metabolic fingerprinting of dogs with idiopathic epilepsy receiving a ketogenic medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:935430. [PMID: 36277072 PMCID: PMC9584307 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.935430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) has been shown to improve seizure control, reduce behavioural comorbidities and improve cognitive function in epileptic dogs. However, the exact metabolic pathways affected by dietary MCT remain poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to identify changes in the metabolome and neurotransmitters levels relevant to epilepsy and behavioural comorbidities associated with the consuming of an MCT supplement (MCT-DS) in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy (IE). Metabolic alterations induced by a commercial MCT-DS in a population of 28 dogs with IE were evaluated in a 6-month multi-centre, prospective, randomised, double-blinded, controlled cross-over trial design. A metabolic energy requirement-based amount of 9% MCT or control oil was supplemented to the dogs' stable base diet for 3 months, followed by the alternative oil for another 3 months. A validated, quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy platform was applied to pre- and postprandially collected serum samples to compare the metabolic profile between both DS and baseline. Furthermore, alterations in urinary neurotransmitter levels were explored. Five dogs (30%) had an overall reduction in seizure frequency of ≥50%, and were classified as MCT-responders, while 23 dogs showed a ≤50% reduction, and were defined as MCT non-responders. Amino-acid metabolism was significantly influenced by MCT consumption compared to the control oil. While the serum concentrations of total fatty acids appeared similar during both supplements, the relative concentrations of individual fatty acids differed. During MCT supplementation, the concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids and arachidonic acid were significantly higher than under the control oil. β-Hydroxybutyric acid levels were significantly higher under MCT supplementation. In total, four out of nine neurotransmitters were significantly altered: a significantly increased γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration was detected during the MCT-phase accompanied by a significant shift of the GABA-glutamate balance. MCT-Responders had significantly lowered urinary concentrations of histamine, glutamate, and serotonin under MCT consumption. In conclusion, these novel data highlight metabolic changes in lipid, amino-acid and ketone metabolism due to MCT supplementation. Understanding the metabolic response to MCT provides new avenues to develop better nutritional management with improved anti-seizure and neuroprotective effects for dogs with epilepsy, and other behavioural disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Andreas Berk
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom,BrainCheck.Pet, Tierärztliche Praxis für Epilepsie, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Claudia Ottka
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,PetBiomics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tsz Hong Law
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Rowena Mary Anne Packer
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Annette Wessmann
- Pride Veterinary Centre, Neurology/Neurosurgery Service, Derby, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tarja Susanna Jokinen
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Knebel
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrea Tipold
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hannes Lohi
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,PetBiomics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland
| | - Holger Andreas Volk
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom,Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany,*Correspondence: Holger Andreas Volk
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Liu X, Jiang Y, Ye J, Wang X. Helminth infection and helminth-derived products: A novel therapeutic option for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:999412. [PMID: 36263053 PMCID: PMC9573989 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.999412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely related to obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome (MetS), and it has become the most common chronic liver disease. Helminths have co-evolved with humans, inducing multiple immunomodulatory mechanisms to modulate the host's immune system. By using their immunomodulatory ability, helminths and their products exhibit protection against various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and MetS, which are closely associated with NAFLD. Here, we review the pathogenesis of NAFLD from abnormal glycolipid metabolism, inflammation, and gut dysbiosis. Correspondingly, helminths and their products can treat or relieve these NAFLD-related diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and MetS, by promoting glycolipid metabolism homeostasis, regulating inflammation, and restoring the balance of gut microbiota. Considering that a large number of clinical trials have been carried out on helminths and their products for the treatment of inflammatory diseases with promising results, the treatment of NAFLD and obesity-related diseases by helminths is also a novel direction and strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuyun Jiang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jixian Ye
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Lim JM, Yoo YJ, Lee SH, Jang TH, Seralathan KK, Lee EY, Tae HJ, Yim EJ, Jeong DY, Oh BT. Anti-inflammatory, anti-lipogenesis, and anti-obesity benefits of fermented Aronia vinegar evaluated in 3T3-L1 cells and high-fat diet induced C57BL/6 mice. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2022.2124263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Muk Lim
- Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Yeo-Jin Yoo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Seong-Hyeon Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hu Jang
- Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Kamala-Kannan Seralathan
- Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Eui-Yong Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Tae
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Yim
- Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry (MIFI), Sunchang, South Korea
| | - Do-Youn Jeong
- Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry (MIFI), Sunchang, South Korea
| | - Byung-Taek Oh
- Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|