101
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Schenck CA, Maeda HA. Tyrosine biosynthesis, metabolism, and catabolism in plants. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 149:82-102. [PMID: 29477627 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
L-Tyrosine (Tyr) is an aromatic amino acid (AAA) required for protein synthesis in all organisms, but synthesized de novo only in plants and microorganisms. In plants, Tyr also serves as a precursor of numerous specialized metabolites that have diverse physiological roles as electron carriers, antioxidants, attractants, and defense compounds. Some of these Tyr-derived plant natural products are also used in human medicine and nutrition (e.g. morphine and vitamin E). While the Tyr biosynthesis and catabolic pathways have been extensively studied in microbes and animals, respectively, those of plants have received much less attention until recently. Accumulating evidence suggest that the Tyr biosynthetic pathways differ between microbes and plants and even within the plant kingdom, likely to support the production of lineage-specific plant specialized metabolites derived from Tyr. The interspecies variations of plant Tyr pathway enzymes can now be used to enhance the production of Tyr and Tyr-derived compounds in plants and other synthetic biology platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Schenck
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hiroshi A Maeda
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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102
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Dietary Vitamin E Status Dictates Oxidative Stress Outcomes by Modulating Effects of Fish Oil Supplementation in Alzheimer Disease Model APPswe/PS1dE9 Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:9204-9219. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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103
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Parthasarathy A, Cross PJ, Dobson RCJ, Adams LE, Savka MA, Hudson AO. A Three-Ring Circus: Metabolism of the Three Proteogenic Aromatic Amino Acids and Their Role in the Health of Plants and Animals. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:29. [PMID: 29682508 PMCID: PMC5897657 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan are the three aromatic amino acids (AAA) involved in protein synthesis. These amino acids and their metabolism are linked to the synthesis of a variety of secondary metabolites, a subset of which are involved in numerous anabolic pathways responsible for the synthesis of pigment compounds, plant hormones and biological polymers, to name a few. In addition, these metabolites derived from the AAA pathways mediate the transmission of nervous signals, quench reactive oxygen species in the brain, and are involved in the vast palette of animal coloration among others pathways. The AAA and metabolites derived from them also have integral roles in the health of both plants and animals. This review delineates the de novo biosynthesis of the AAA by microbes and plants, and the branching out of AAA metabolism into major secondary metabolic pathways in plants such as the phenylpropanoid pathway. Organisms that do not possess the enzymatic machinery for the de novo synthesis of AAA must obtain these primary metabolites from their diet. Therefore, the metabolism of AAA by the host animal and the resident microflora are important for the health of all animals. In addition, the AAA metabolite-mediated host-pathogen interactions in general, as well as potential beneficial and harmful AAA-derived compounds produced by gut bacteria are discussed. Apart from the AAA biosynthetic pathways in plants and microbes such as the shikimate pathway and the tryptophan pathway, this review also deals with AAA catabolism in plants, AAA degradation via the monoamine and kynurenine pathways in animals, and AAA catabolism via the 3-aryllactate and kynurenine pathways in animal-associated microbes. Emphasis will be placed on structural and functional aspects of several key AAA-related enzymes, such as shikimate synthase, chorismate mutase, anthranilate synthase, tryptophan synthase, tyrosine aminotransferase, dopachrome tautomerase, radical dehydratase, and type III CoA-transferase. The past development and current potential for interventions including the development of herbicides and antibiotics that target key enzymes in AAA-related pathways, as well as AAA-linked secondary metabolism leading to antimicrobials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anutthaman Parthasarathy
- Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Penelope J. Cross
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Renwick C. J. Dobson
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lily E. Adams
- Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Michael A. Savka
- Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - André O. Hudson
- Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States
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104
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Martin-Rubio A, Sopelana P, Ibargoitia M, Guillén MD. Prooxidant effect of α-tocopherol on soybean oil. Global monitoring of its oxidation process under accelerated storage conditions by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance. Food Chem 2018; 245:312-323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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105
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Antunes IC, Ribeiro MF, Pimentel FB, Alves SP, Oliveira MBPP, Bessa RJB, Quaresma MAG. Lipid profile and quality indices of ostrich meat and giblets. Poult Sci 2018; 97:1073-1081. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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106
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Wang M, Tang BC, Xiang JC, Cheng Y, Wang ZX, Ma JT, Wu YD, Wu AX. C(sp3)–H Bond Functionalization of Benzo[c]oxepines via C–O bond Cleavage: Formal [3+3] Synthesis of Multisubstituted Chromans. J Org Chem 2018; 83:3409-3416. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Hubei, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Cheng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Hubei, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Chen Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Hubei, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Hubei, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Hubei, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Tian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Hubei, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Dong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Hubei, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - An-Xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Hubei, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
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107
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Rastogi S, Shasany AK. Ocimum Genome Sequencing—A Futuristic Therapeutic Mine. THE OCIMUM GENOME 2018. [PMCID: PMC7124093 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-97430-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms from the past decade are in the continuous efforts of changing the impact of sequencing on our current knowledge about plant genes, genomes, and their regulation. Holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum L. or sanctum L.) genome sequencing has also paved the path for deeper exploration of the medicinal properties of this beneficial herb making it a true ‘elixir of life.’ The draft genome sequence of the holy basil has not only opened the avenues for the drug discovery but has also widened the prospects of the molecular breeding for development of new improved plant varieties.
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108
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Bonacci S, Paonessa R, Costanzo P, Salerno R, Maiuolo J, Nardi M, Procopio A, Manuela O. Peracetylation as a strategy to improve oleuropein stability and its affinity to fatty foods. Food Funct 2018; 9:5759-5767. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01874j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Acetylated oleuropein, a safe, biologically active semi-synthetic stable derivative of oleuropein, is proposed as an easy alternative to make oleuropein more bioavailable and suitable to be added to fatty foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Bonacci
- Department of Health Sciences
- University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro
- 88100 Catanzaro
- Italy
| | - Rosina Paonessa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica
- Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro
- 88100 (CZ)
- Italy
| | - Paola Costanzo
- Department of Health Sciences
- University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro
- 88100 Catanzaro
- Italy
| | - Raffaele Salerno
- InterRegional Center for Food Safety and Health
- University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro
- 88100 Catanzaro
- Italy
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- InterRegional Center for Food Safety and Health
- University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro
- 88100 Catanzaro
- Italy
| | - Monica Nardi
- Telematic University San Raffaele
- Roma
- Italy
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calabria
| | - Antonio Procopio
- Department of Health Sciences
- University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro
- 88100 Catanzaro
- Italy
| | - Oliverio Manuela
- Department of Health Sciences
- University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro
- 88100 Catanzaro
- Italy
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109
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Chung E, Mo H, Wang S, Zu Y, Elfakhani M, Rios SR, Chyu MC, Yang RS, Shen CL. Potential roles of vitamin E in age-related changes in skeletal muscle health. Nutr Res 2018; 49:23-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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110
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T V, Bansal N, Kumari K, Prashat G R, Sreevathsa R, Krishnan V, Kumari S, Dahuja A, Lal SK, Sachdev A, Praveen S. Comparative Analysis of Tocopherol Biosynthesis Genes and Its Transcriptional Regulation in Soybean Seeds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:11054-11064. [PMID: 29121768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tocopherols composed of four isoforms (α, β, γ, and δ) and its biosynthesis comprises of three pathways: methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP), shikimate (SK) and tocopherol-core pathways regulated by 25 enzymes. To understand pathway regulatory mechanism at transcriptional level, gene expression profile of tocopherol-biosynthesis genes in two soybean genotypes was carried out, the results showed significantly differential expression of 5 genes: 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-P-reductoisomerase (DXR), geranyl geranyl reductase (GGDR) from MEP, arogenate dehydrogenase (TyrA), tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) from SK and γ-tocopherol methyl transferase 3 (γ-TMT3) from tocopherol-core pathways. Expression data were further analyzed for total tocopherol (T-toc) and α-tocopherol (α-toc) content by coregulation network and gene clustering approaches, the results showed least and strong association of γ-TMT3/tocopherol cyclase (TC) and DXR/DXS, respectively, with gene clusters of tocopherol biosynthesis suggested the specific role of γ-TMT3/TC in determining tocopherol accumulation and intricacy of DXR/DXS genes in coordinating precursor pathways toward tocopherol biosynthesis in soybean seeds. Thus, the present study provides insight into the major role of these genes regulating the tocopherol synthesis in soybean seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinutha T
- Division of Biochemistry, IARI , New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Navita Bansal
- Division of Biochemistry, IARI , New Delhi 110012, India
| | | | | | - Rohini Sreevathsa
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology , New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Veda Krishnan
- Division of Biochemistry, IARI , New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sweta Kumari
- Division of Biochemistry, IARI , New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Anil Dahuja
- Division of Biochemistry, IARI , New Delhi 110012, India
| | - S K Lal
- Division of Genetics, IARI , New Delhi 110012, India
| | | | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, IARI , New Delhi 110012, India
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111
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Xie L, Yu Y, Mao J, Liu H, Hu JG, Li T, Guo X, Liu RH. Evaluation of Biosynthesis, Accumulation and Antioxidant Activityof Vitamin E in Sweet Corn (Zea mays L.) during Kernel Development. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122780. [PMID: 29261149 PMCID: PMC5751378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweet corn kernels were used in this research to study the dynamics of vitamin E, by evaluatingthe expression levels of genes involved in vitamin E synthesis, the accumulation of vitamin E, and the antioxidant activity during the different stage of kernel development. Results showed that expression levels of ZmHPT and ZmTC genes increased, whereas ZmTMT gene dramatically decreased during kernel development. The contents of all the types of vitamin E in sweet corn had a significant upward increase during kernel development, and reached the highest level at 30 days after pollination (DAP). Amongst the eight isomers of vitamin E, the content of γ-tocotrienol was the highest, and increased by 14.9 folds, followed by α-tocopherolwith an increase of 22 folds, and thecontents of isomers γ-tocopherol, α-tocotrienol, δ-tocopherol,δ-tocotrienol, and β-tocopherol were also followed during kernel development. The antioxidant activity of sweet corn during kernel development was increased, and was up to 101.8 ± 22.3 μmol of α-tocopherol equivlent/100 g in fresh weight (FW) at 30 DAP. There was a positive correlation between vitamin E contents and antioxidant activity in sweet corn during the kernel development, and a negative correlation between the expressions of ZmTMT gene and vitamin E contents. These results revealed the relations amongst the content of vitamin E isomers and the gene expression, vitamin E accumulation, and antioxidant activity. The study can provide a harvesting strategy for vitamin E bio-fortification in sweet corn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Xie
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510641, China.
| | - Yongtao Yu
- Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics Improvement of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Jihua Mao
- Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics Improvement of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Haiying Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510641, China.
| | - Jian Guang Hu
- Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics Improvement of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Xinbo Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510641, China.
| | - Rui Hai Liu
- Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY 14853, USA.
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112
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Tewari K, Dahuja A, Sachdev A, Kumar V, Ali K, Kumar A, Kumari S. Molecular cloning, heterologous expression and functional characterization of gamma tocopherol methyl transferase (γ-TMT) from Glycine max. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 140:81-89. [PMID: 28811265 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
γ-Tocopherol methyltransferase (γ-TMT) (EC 2.1.1.95) is the last enzyme in the tocopherol biosynthetic pathway and it catalyzes the conversion of γ-tocopherol into α-tocopherol, the nutritionally significant and most bioactive form of vitamin E. Although the γ-TMT gene has been successfully overexpressed in many crops to enhance their α-tocopherol content but still only few attempts have been made to uncover its structural, functional and regulation aspects at protein level. In this study, we have cloned the complete 909bp coding sequence of Glycine max γ-TMT (Gm γ-TMT) gene that encodes the corresponding protein comprising of 302 amino acid residues. The deduced Gm γ-TMT protein showed 74-87% sequence identity with other characterized plant γ-TMTs. Gm γ-TMT belongs to Class I Methyl Transferases that have a Rossmann-like fold which consists of a seven-stranded β sheet joined by α helices. Heterologous expression of Gm γ-TMT in pET29a expression vector under the control of bacteriophage T7 promoter produced a 37.9 kDa recombinant Gm γ-TMT protein with histidine hexamer tag at its C-terminus. The expression of recombinant Gm γ-TMT protein was confirmed by western blotting using anti-His antibody. The recombinant protein was purified by Ni2+-NTA column chromatography. The purified protein showed SAM dependent methyltransferase activity. The α-tocopherol produced in the in-vitro reaction catalyzed by the purified enzyme was detected using reverse phase HPLC. This study has laid the foundation to unveil the biochemical understanding of Gm γ-TMT enzyme which can be further explored by studying its kinetic behaviour, substrate specificity and its interaction with other biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Tewari
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India; Basic Sciences Division, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, U.P., India.
| | - Anil Dahuja
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Sachdev
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Vaibhav Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India; Basic Sciences Division, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, U.P., India
| | - Kishwar Ali
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Amresh Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sweta Kumari
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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113
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Fritsche S, Wang X, Jung C. Recent Advances in our Understanding of Tocopherol Biosynthesis in Plants: An Overview of Key Genes, Functions, and Breeding of Vitamin E Improved Crops. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:E99. [PMID: 29194404 PMCID: PMC5745509 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6040099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tocopherols, together with tocotrienols and plastochromanols belong to a group of lipophilic compounds also called tocochromanols or vitamin E. Considered to be one of the most powerful antioxidants, tocochromanols are solely synthesized by photosynthetic organisms including plants, algae, and cyanobacteria and, therefore, are an essential component in the human diet. Tocochromanols potent antioxidative properties are due to their ability to interact with polyunsaturated acyl groups and scavenge lipid peroxyl radicals and quench reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus protecting fatty acids from lipid peroxidation. In the plant model species Arabidopsis thaliana, the required genes for tocopherol biosynthesis and functional roles of tocopherols were elucidated in mutant and transgenic plants. Recent research efforts have led to new outcomes for the vitamin E biosynthetic and related pathways, and new possible alternatives for the biofortification of important crops have been suggested. Here, we review 30 years of research on tocopherols in model and crop species, with emphasis on the improvement of vitamin E content using transgenic approaches and classical breeding. We will discuss future prospects to further improve the nutritional value of our food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffi Fritsche
- Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Xingxing Wang
- Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Christian Jung
- Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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114
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Chung IM, Kim JK, Yang JH, Lee JH, Park SK, Son NY, Kim SH. Effects of soil type and organic fertilizers on fatty acids and vitamin E in Korean ginseng ( Panax ginseng Meyer). Food Res Int 2017; 102:265-273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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115
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Jing Y, Zhu R, Liu C, Zhang D. Theoretical Elucidation of the Mechanism and Kinetic Experimental Phenomena on the Esterification of α-Tocopherol with Succinic Anhydride: Catalysis of a Histidine Derivative vs an Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquid. J Org Chem 2017; 82:12267-12275. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Jing
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface
Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Rongxiu Zhu
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface
Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Chengbu Liu
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface
Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Dongju Zhang
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface
Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
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116
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Żarczyńska K, Baumgartner W, Sobiech P. Coagulology, biochemical profile and muscle pathology in calves diagnosed with nutritional muscular dystrophy. Pol J Vet Sci 2017; 20:387-394. [PMID: 28865216 DOI: 10.1515/pjvs-2017-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explain the correlations between selenium deficiency, hemostatic and biochemical disorders, and the progression of pathological changes in calves diagnosed with nutritional muscular dystrophy (NMD). The study was performed on 20 calves with supplementation of 8 ml selenium and vitamin E preparation and 20 calves with symptoms of NMD. Blood was sampled from calves aged 5, 12 and 19 days. On day 19, samples of the biceps femoris muscle were collected from 6 animals in each group for histopathological analysis. The following blood parameters were determined: PLT, PT, TT, APTT, fibrinogen and D-dimer concentrations, antithrombin III activity, glucose, selenium and vitamin E concentrations, activity of CK, LDH and GSH-Px. Muscle sections were stained with H&E and HBFP. Platelet counts were significantly lower in calves with symptoms of NMD. No significant differences in coagulation parameters were observed between the groups. Sick calves were diagnosed with hyperglycemia and elevation of CK and LDH activity. Selenium and vitamin E concentrations in the blood serum were significantly lower in the experimental group together with significant drop in GSH-Px activity. Changes characteristic of Zenker's necrosis were observed in a muscle of the sick animals. To our best knowledge this is the first study in which the attempt was made to explain the relationship between selenium deficiency and changes in the coagulation system in ruminants.
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117
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Sussmann RAC, Fotoran WL, Kimura EA, Katzin AM. Plasmodium falciparum uses vitamin E to avoid oxidative stress. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:461. [PMID: 29017543 PMCID: PMC5634829 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2402-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmodium falciparum is sensitive to oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo, and many drugs such as artemisinin, chloroquine and cercosporin interfere in the parasite's redox system. To minimize the damage caused by reactive radicals, antioxidant enzymes and their substrates found in parasites and in erythrocytes must be functionally active. It was shown that P. falciparum synthesizes vitamin E and that usnic acid acts as an inhibitor of its biosynthesis. Vitamin E is a potent antioxidant that protects polyunsaturated fatty acids from lipid peroxidation, and this activity can be measured by detecting its oxidized product and by evaluating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. RESULTS Here, we demonstrated that ROS levels increased in P. falciparum when vitamin E biosynthesis was inhibited by usnic acid treatment and decreased to basal levels if exogenous vitamin E was added. Furthermore, we used metabolic labelling to demonstrate that vitamin E biosynthesized by the parasite acts as an antioxidant since we could detect its radiolabeled oxidized product. The treatment with chloroquine or cercosporin of the parasites increased the ratio between α-tocopherolquinone and α-tocopherol. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that vitamin E produced endogenously by P. falciparum is active as an antioxidant, probably protecting the parasite from the radicals generated by drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A C Sussmann
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wesley L Fotoran
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emilia A Kimura
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alejandro M Katzin
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Marian MJ. Dietary Supplements Commonly Used by Cancer Survivors: Are There Any Benefits? Nutr Clin Pract 2017; 32:607-627. [PMID: 28813230 DOI: 10.1177/0884533617721687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a cancer diagnosis, dietary supplements are reportedly used by 20%-80% of individuals. Supplements are most commonly used by breast cancer survivors, followed by patients with prostate, colorectal, and lung cancers, which is not surprising since these are the most common types of cancer diagnosed in adults. Reasons cited for such use include improving quality of life, reducing symptoms related to treatment and/or the disease process, and recommendation from medical practitioners; family and friends may also be an influence. However, controversy surrounds the use of dietary supplements, particularly during treatment-specifically, whether supplements affect treatment efficacy is unknown. This article discusses the evidence related to common dietary supplements used to prevent cancer or a recurrence.
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Abdel-Hafez SH, Abdelwahab AB, Kirsch G. Design, synthesis and cytotoxic activity of vitamin E bearing selenium compounds against human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2017.1333505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shams H. Abdel-Hafez
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Chen J, Liu C, Shi B, Chai Y, Han N, Zhu M, Bian H. Overexpression of HvHGGT Enhances Tocotrienol Levels and Antioxidant Activity in Barley. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:5181-5187. [PMID: 28581741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin E is a potent lipid-soluble antioxidant and essential nutrient for human health. Tocotrienols are the major form of vitamin E in seeds of most monocots. It has been known that homogentisate geranylgeranyl transferase (HGGT) catalyzes the committed step of tocotrienol biosynthesis. In the present study, we generated transgenic barley overexpressing HvHGGT under endogenous D-Hordein promoter (proHor). Overexpression of HvHGGT increased seed size and seed weight in transgenic barley. Notably, total tocotrienol content increased by 10-15% in seeds of transgenic lines, due to the increased levels of δ-, β-, and γ-tocotrienol, but not α-tocotrienol. Total tocopherol content decreased by 14-18% in transgenic lines, compared to wild type. The antioxidant activity of seeds was determined by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and lipid peroxidation assays. Compared to wild type, radical scavenging activity of seed extracts was enhanced by 17-18% in transgenic lines. Meanwhile, the lipid peroxidation level was decreased by about 20% in transgenic barley seeds. Taken together, overexpression of HvHGGT enhanced the tocotrienol levels and antioxidant capacity in barley seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshu Chen
- Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Biology, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China , 310058
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou, China , 310014
| | - Cuicui Liu
- Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Biology, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China , 310058
| | - Bo Shi
- Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Biology, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China , 310058
| | - Yuqiong Chai
- Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Biology, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China , 310058
| | - Ning Han
- Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Biology, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China , 310058
| | - Muyuan Zhu
- Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Biology, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China , 310058
| | - Hongwu Bian
- Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Biology, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China , 310058
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Sunarić S, Lalić J, Spasić A. Simultaneous Determination of Alpha-Tocopherol and Alpha-Tocopheryl Acetate in Dairy Products, Plant Milks and Health Supplements by Using SPE and HPLC Method. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0943-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Effect of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction Parameters on the Biological Activities and Metabolites Present in Extracts from Arthrospira platensis. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15060174. [PMID: 28604646 PMCID: PMC5484124 DOI: 10.3390/md15060174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthrospira platensis was used to obtain functional extracts through supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SFE-CO2). Pressure (P), temperature (T), co-solvent (CX), static extraction (SX), dispersant (Di) and dynamic extraction (DX) were evaluated as process parameters through a Plackett–Burman design. The maximum extract yield obtained was 7.48 ± 0.15% w/w. The maximum contents of bioactive metabolites in extracts were 0.69 ± 0.09 µg/g of riboflavin, 5.49 ± 0.10 µg/g of α-tocopherol, 524.46 ± 0.10 µg/g of β-carotene, 1.44 ± 0.10 µg/g of lutein and 32.11 ± 0.12 mg/g of fatty acids with 39.38% of palmitic acid, 20.63% of linoleic acid and 30.27% of γ-linolenic acid. A. platensis extracts had an antioxidant activity of 76.47 ± 0.71 µg GAE/g by Folin–Ciocalteu assay, 0.52 ± 0.02, 0.40 ± 0.01 and 1.47 ± 0.02 µmol TE/g by DPPH, FRAP and TEAC assays, respectively. These extracts showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Overall, co-solvent was the most significant factor for all measured effects (p < 0.05). Arthrospira platensis represents a sustainable source of bioactive compounds through SFE using the following extraction parameters P: 450 bar, CX: 11 g/min, SX: 15 min, DX: 25 min, T: 60 °C and Di: 35 g.
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Verk B, Nemec Svete A, Salobir J, Rezar V, Domanjko Petrič A. Markers of oxidative stress in dogs with heart failure. J Vet Diagn Invest 2017; 29:636-644. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638717711995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that indirect measures of oxidative stress (vitamin E, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde) differ in dogs in heart failure resulting from either myxomatous mitral valve disease or dilated cardiomyopathy. Dogs were classified according to the International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council (ISACHC) classification. Additionally, the effect of cardiac therapy on oxidative stress parameters and N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in advanced stages of congestive heart failure was investigated. There were no significant differences in oxidative stress parameters between healthy dogs and the individual groups of cardiac patients. Significantly lower malondialdehyde (MDA) was observed in the ISACHC II group in comparison to ISACHC groups III and I. A significant positive correlation in treated patients was observed between NT-proBNP and MDA, NT-proBNP and vitamin E, as well as between MDA and vitamin E (and lipid-standardized vitamin E). No significant differences in any of the measured parameters were found between treated and non-treated cardiac patients. Our results suggest an association between MDA (the extent of lipid peroxidation) and NT-proBNP, vitamin E and NT-proBNP, as well as between MDA and vitamin E in treated canine patients. Plasma vitamin E concentration was maintained in all stages of cardiovascular disease in these canine patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Verk
- Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (Verk, Nemec Svete, Domanjko Petrič)
- Institute of Nutrition, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Domžale, Slovenia (Salobir, Rezar)
| | - Alenka Nemec Svete
- Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (Verk, Nemec Svete, Domanjko Petrič)
- Institute of Nutrition, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Domžale, Slovenia (Salobir, Rezar)
| | - Janez Salobir
- Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (Verk, Nemec Svete, Domanjko Petrič)
- Institute of Nutrition, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Domžale, Slovenia (Salobir, Rezar)
| | - Vida Rezar
- Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (Verk, Nemec Svete, Domanjko Petrič)
- Institute of Nutrition, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Domžale, Slovenia (Salobir, Rezar)
| | - Aleksandra Domanjko Petrič
- Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (Verk, Nemec Svete, Domanjko Petrič)
- Institute of Nutrition, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Domžale, Slovenia (Salobir, Rezar)
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Brown JC, Valberg SJ, Hogg M, Finno CJ. Effects of feeding two RRR-α-tocopherol formulations on serum, cerebrospinal fluid and muscle α-tocopherol concentrations in horses with subclinical vitamin E deficiency. Equine Vet J 2017; 49:753-758. [PMID: 28432750 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha-tocopherol (α-TP) supplementation is recommended for the prevention of various equine neuromuscular disorders. Formulations available include RRR-α-TP acetate powder and a more expensive but rapidly water-dispersible liquid RRR-α-TP (WD RRR-α-TP). No cost-effective means of rapidly increasing serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) α-TP with WD RRR-α-TP and then sustaining concentrations with RRR-α-TP acetate has yet been reported. OBJECTIVES To evaluate serum, CSF and muscle α-TP concentrations in an 8-week dosing regimen in which horses were transitioned from WD RRR-α-TP to RRR-α-TP acetate. STUDY DESIGN Non-randomised controlled trial. METHODS Healthy horses with serum α-TP of <2 μg/mL were divided into three groups and followed for 8 weeks. In the control group (n = 5), no α-TP was administered. In the second group (Group A; n = 7), 5000 IU/day RRR-α-TP acetate was administered. In the third group (Group WD-A; n = 7), doses of 5000 IU/day of WD RRR-α-TP were administered over 3 weeks, followed by a 4-week transition from WD RRR-α-TP to RRR-α-TP acetate, and a final 1 week of treatment with RRR-α-TP acetate. Serum samples were obtained weekly; muscle biopsies were obtained before, at 2.5 weeks and after supplementation. CSF samples were obtained before and after the 8-week period of supplementation. RESULTS Serum α-TP increased significantly in Group WD-A at week 1 and remained significantly higher than in Group A and the control group throughout the transition, with inter-individual variation in response. Serum α-TP increased significantly by week 7 in Group A. CSF α-TP increased significantly in Group WD-A only. Muscle α-TP concentrations did not differ significantly across groups. Serum and CSF α-TP were closely correlated (r = 0.675), whereas serum and muscle-α-TP concentrations were not correlated. MAIN LIMITATIONS The study duration was short and data on pre-transition CSF was lacking. CONCLUSIONS The administration of 5000 IU/day of water-dispersible RRR-α-TP rapidly increases serum α-TP. Serum and CSF α-TP concentrations are sustained with a gradual transition to 5000 IU/day of RRR-α-TP acetate. Periodic evaluation of serum α-TP concentrations is recommended because responses vary among individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Brown
- University of Minnesota Equine Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - S J Valberg
- Mary Anne McPhail Equine Performance Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - M Hogg
- University of Minnesota Equine Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - C J Finno
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
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126
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Meng X, Lv S, Cheng D, Hu Q, Ma J, Liu B, Hu Y. Fused Multifunctionalized Chromenes from Tetraynes and α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes. Chemistry 2017; 23:6264-6271. [PMID: 28295732 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of fused, highly substituted chromenes in a one-pot-three-step cascade hexadehydro-Diels-Alder reaction of tetraynes followed by an intermolecular α,β-unsaturated aldehyde rearrangement is reported. The target compounds were prepared by the condensation of malonates with 3-bromo-1-propyne, and the resulting 2,2-di(1-propyn-3-yl)malonates underwent cross-coupling with phenylethynyl bromides to afford 2,2-di(5-phenyl-2,4-pentadiynyl)malonates, which underwent intramolecular cyclization to produce tricyclic chromenes. The overall transformation involves the formation of four new C-C bonds and one new C-aryl-O-C-aryl bond by both intramolecular cyclization and intermolecular rearrangement reactions. These constitute a key strategy for the construction of a highly substituted natural chromene core and a robust method for producing other chromenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhen Meng
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular-Based Materials, Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Lv
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular-Based Materials, Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, P. R. China
| | - Dong Cheng
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular-Based Materials, Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Hu
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular-Based Materials, Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, P. R. China
| | - Jie Ma
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular-Based Materials, Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, P. R. China
| | - Baohua Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular-Based Materials, Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, P. R. China
| | - Yimin Hu
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular-Based Materials, Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, P. R. China
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Arzani A, Ashraf M. Cultivated Ancient Wheats (Triticumspp.): A Potential Source of Health-Beneficial Food Products. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2017; 16:477-488. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Arzani
- Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture; Isfahan Univ. of Technology; Isfahan 84156-83111 Iran
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128
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Hosomi K, Kunisawa J. The Specific Roles of Vitamins in the Regulation of Immunosurveillance and Maintenance of Immunologic Homeostasis in the Gut. Immune Netw 2017; 17:13-19. [PMID: 28261016 PMCID: PMC5334118 DOI: 10.4110/in.2017.17.1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamins are micronutrients which are essential for the maintenance of biological responses including immune system. Hence, vitamin deficiency increases a risk of infectious, allergic, and inflammatory diseases. Accumulating evidence has recently revealed the molecular and cellular mechanisms of vitamin-mediated regulation in the active and quiescent immune responses. In this review, we focus on the immunologic roles of vitamins in the regulation of homeostasis and surveillance in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka 567-0085, Japan.; Graduate School of Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.; Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
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129
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Figueira JA, Pereira JAM, Câmara JS. Quantification of δ-, γ- and α-Tocopherol in Tomatoes Using an Improved Liquid-Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction Combined with Ultrahigh Pressure Liquid Chromatography. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0799-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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130
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Grażyna C, Hanna C, Adam A, Magdalena BM. Natural antioxidants in milk and dairy products. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cichosz Grażyna
- Department of Dairy Science and Quality Management; University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; ul. Oczapowskiego 7 10-719 Olsztyn Poland
| | - Czeczot Hanna
- Department of Biochemistry; I Faculty of Medicine; Medical University of Warsaw; ul. Banacha 1 02-097 Warszawa Poland
| | - Ambroziak Adam
- Department of Dairy Science and Quality Management; University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; ul. Oczapowskiego 7 10-719 Olsztyn Poland
| | - Bielecka Marika Magdalena
- Department of Dairy Science and Quality Management; University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; ul. Oczapowskiego 7 10-719 Olsztyn Poland
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Apaydin FG, Baş H, Kalender S, Kalender Y. Bendiocarb induced histopathological and biochemical alterations in rat liver and preventive role of vitamins C and E. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 49:148-155. [PMID: 28013143 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, biochemical changes and histological structure of rat liver after bendiocarb administration and possible preventive effects of vitamins C and E were studied. The animals were given with bendiocarb, vitamin C and vitamin E, daily 0,8mg/kg of body weight (bw), 100mg/kg-bw and 100mg/kg-bw for 28days, respectively. Lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities, histological alterations and antioxidant capacity assays of liver and also liver function tests and lipid profile were measured. Bendiocarb treatment decreased the antioxidant enzyme activities, FRAP and TEAC values and increased malondialdehyde levels compared to control. Also, there were statistically significant alterations in liver function tests, lipid profile parameters and histopathological changes in bendiocarb treated groups. Vitamins C and E showed protective effects against examining parameters. According to results we can say that co-treatment of vitamin C and vitamin E may be more effective than use of them alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Gökçe Apaydin
- Gazi University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 06500, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Hatice Baş
- Bozok University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, 66100, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Suna Kalender
- Gazi University, Faculty of Gazi Education, Department of Science, 06500, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Kalender
- Gazi University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 06500, Ankara, Turkey
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132
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Carrera CS, Seguin P. Factors Affecting Tocopherol Concentrations in Soybean Seeds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:9465-9474. [PMID: 27797523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Soybean seeds contain several health-beneficial compounds, including tocopherols, which are used by the nutraceutical and functional food industries. Soybean tocopherol concentrations are, however, highly variable. Large differences observed in tocopherol concentrations among soybean genotypes together with the relatively simple biosynthetic pathway involving few genes support the feasibility of selecting for high-tocopherol soybean. Tocopherol concentrations are also highly influenced by environmental factors and field management. Temperature during seed filling and soil moisture appear to be the main factors affecting tocopherol concentrations; other factors such as soil fertility and solar radiation also affect concentrations and composition. Field management decisions including seeding date, row spacing, irrigation, and fertilization also affect tocopherols. Knowledge of factors affecting soybean tocopherols is essential to develop management strategies that will lead to the production of seeds with consistent target concentrations that will meet the needs of the nutraceutical and functional food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza S Carrera
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University , Macdonald Campus, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
- Instituto de Fisiologı́a y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales (IFRGV), Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CIAP), Instituto Nacional de Tecnologı́a Agropecuaria (INTA) , Camino a 60 Cuadras Km 5 1/2, X5020 ICA Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas y Técnicas , Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Philippe Seguin
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University , Macdonald Campus, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
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Mohanty BP, Sankar TV, Ganguly S, Mahanty A, Anandan R, Chakraborty K, Paul BN, Sarma D, Dayal JS, Mathew S, Asha KK, Mitra T, Karunakaran D, Chanda S, Shahi N, Das P, Das P, Akhtar MS, Vijayagopal P, Sridhar N. Micronutrient Composition of 35 Food Fishes from India and Their Significance in Human Nutrition. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 174:448-458. [PMID: 27189049 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0714-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) are required in small amounts but are essential for health, development, and growth. Micronutrient deficiencies, which affect over two billion people around the globe, are the leading cause of many ailments including mental retardation, preventable blindness, and death during childbirth. Fish is an important dietary source of micronutrients and plays important role in human nutrition. In the present investigation, micronutrient composition of 35 food fishes (includes both finfishes and shellfishes) was investigated from varying aquatic habitats. Macrominerals (Na, K, Ca, Mg) and trace elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Se) were determined by either atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)/atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Phosphorus content was determined either spectrophotometrically or by ICP-AES. Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The analysis showed that, in general, the marine fishes were rich in sodium and potassium; small indigenous fishes (SIFs) in calcium, iron, and manganese; coldwater fishes in selenium; and the brackishwater fishes in phosphorous. The marine fishes Sardinella longiceps and Epinephelus spp. and the SIFs were rich in all fat-soluble vitamins. All these recommendations were made according to the potential contribution (daily value %) of the species to the recommended daily allowance (RDA). Information on the micronutrients generated would enhance the utility of fish in both community and clinical nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimal P Mohanty
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India.
| | - T V Sankar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, India
| | - Satabdi Ganguly
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India
| | - Arabinda Mahanty
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India
| | - R Anandan
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, India
| | | | - B N Paul
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Debajit Sarma
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, India
| | - J Syama Dayal
- ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai, India
| | - Suseela Mathew
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, India
| | - K K Asha
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, India
| | - Tandrima Mitra
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India
| | - D Karunakaran
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India
| | - Soumen Chanda
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Neetu Shahi
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, India
| | - Puspita Das
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, India
| | - Partha Das
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, India
| | | | - P Vijayagopal
- ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin, India
| | - N Sridhar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, India
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Jamilian M, Hashemi Dizaji S, Bahmani F, Taghizadeh M, Memarzadeh MR, Karamali M, Akbari M, Asemi Z. A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Investigating the Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Vitamin E Co-Supplementation on Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Pregnancy Outcomes in Gestational Diabetes. Can J Diabetes 2016; 41:143-149. [PMID: 27881297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Limited data are available for assessing the effects of omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E co-supplementation on metabolic profiles and pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes (GDM). This study was designed to determine the effects of omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E co-supplementation on biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation and pregnancy outcomes in women with GDM. METHODS This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in 60 patients with GDM who were not taking oral hypoglycemic agents. Patients were randomly allocated to intake either 1000 mg omega-3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil plus 400 IU vitamin E supplements (n=30) or placebo (n=30) for 6 weeks. Fasting blood samples were obtained from the women at the beginning of the study and after the 6-week intervention to quantify related markers. RESULTS After 6 weeks of intervention, omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E co-supplementation, compared with the placebo, resulted in a significant rise in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (+187.5±224.9 vs. -32.5±136.1 mmol/L; p<0.001); nitric oxide (NO) (+5.0±7.7 vs. -12.0±28.0 µmol/L; p=0.002) and a significant decrease in plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations (-0.1±0.9 vs. +0.6±1.4 µmol/L; p=0.03). Co-supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E showed no detectable changes in plasma glutathione and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels. Joint omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E supplementation resulted in lower incidences of hyperbilirubinemia in newborns (10.3% vs. 33.3%; p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Overall, omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E co-supplementation for 6 weeks in women with GDM had beneficial effects on plasma TAC, MDA and NO and on the incidence of the newborns' hyperbilirubinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Jamilian
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Hashemi Dizaji
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Bahmani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Taghizadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Karamali
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Akbari
- Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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135
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Georgiadou EC, Goulas V, Ntourou T, Manganaris GA, Kalaitzis P, Fotopoulos V. Regulation of On-Tree Vitamin E Biosynthesis in Olive Fruit during Successive Growing Years: The Impact of Fruit Development and Environmental Cues. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1656. [PMID: 27899927 PMCID: PMC5111394 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The term vitamin E refers to a group of eight lipophilic compounds known as tocochromanols. The tocochromanols are divided into two groups, that is, tocopherols and tocotrienols, with four forms each, namely α-, β-, γ-, and δ-. In order to explore the temporal biosynthesis of tocochromanols in olive (Olea europaea cv. 'Koroneiki') fruit during on-tree development and ripening over successive growing years, a combined array of analytical, molecular, bioinformatic, immunoblotting, and antioxidant techniques were employed. Fruits were harvested at eight successive developmental stages [10-30 weeks after flowering (WAF)], over three consecutive years. Intriguingly, climatic conditions affected relative transcription levels of vitamin E biosynthetic enzymes; a general suppression to induction pattern (excluding VTE5) was monitored moving from the 1st to the 3rd growing year, probably correlated to decreasing rainfall levels and higher temperature, particularly at the fruit ripening stage. A gradual diminution of VTE5 protein content was detected during the fruit development of each year, with a marked decrease occurring after 16 WAF. Alpha-tocopherol was the most abundant metabolite with an average percentage of 96.82 ± 0.23%, 91.13 ± 0.95%, and 88.53 ± 0.96% (during the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd year, respectively) of total vitamin E content in 10-30 WAF. The concentrations of α-tocopherol revealed a generally declining pattern, both during the on-tree ripening of the olive fruit and across the 3 years, accompanied by a parallel decline of the total antioxidant capacity of the drupe. Contrarily, all other tocochromanols demonstrated an inverse pattern with lowest levels being recorded during the 1st year. It is likely that, in a defense attempt against water deficit conditions and increased air temperature, transcription of genes involved in vitamin E biosynthesis (excluding VTE5) is up-regulated in olive fruit, probably leading to the blocking/deactivating of the pathway through a negative feedback regulatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egli C. Georgiadou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of TechnologyLemesos, Cyprus
| | - Vlasios Goulas
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of TechnologyLemesos, Cyprus
| | - Thessaloniki Ntourou
- Department of Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of ChaniaChania, Greece
| | - George A. Manganaris
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of TechnologyLemesos, Cyprus
| | - Panagiotis Kalaitzis
- Department of Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of ChaniaChania, Greece
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of TechnologyLemesos, Cyprus
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136
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Ourique GM, Saccol EM, Pês TS, Glanzner WG, Schiefelbein SH, Woehl VM, Baldisserotto B, Pavanato MA, Gonçalves PB, Barreto KP. Protective effect of vitamin E on sperm motility and oxidative stress in valproic acid treated rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 95:159-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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137
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Finno CJ, Kaese HJ, Miller AD, Gianino G, Divers T, Valberg SJ. Pigment retinopathy in warmblood horses with equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy and equine motor neuron disease. Vet Ophthalmol 2016; 20:304-309. [PMID: 27491953 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A pigment retinopathy has been reported in adult horses with equine motor neuron disease (EMND) arising from chronic α-tocopherol (α-TP) deficiency. A pigment retinopathy has not been identified in horses with neuroaxonal dystrophy/equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy (NAD/EDM) that affects genetically susceptible young horses with α-TP deficiency. The objective of this report is to describe, for the first time, a pigment retinopathy in a family of α-TP-deficient Warmbloods (WB) with clinically apparent NAD/EDM or EMND. ANIMALS AND PROCEDURES Twenty-five WB horses from one farm underwent complete neurologic and ophthalmic examinations and serum α-TP concentrations were assessed. Two of the most severely ataxic horses were euthanized and postmortem examinations performed. RESULTS Alpha-TP deficiency was widespread on this farm (22 of 25 horses). Eleven of 25 horses were clinically normal (age range 2-12 years), one had signs of EMND (6 years of age), 10 had signs of ataxia consistent with NAD/EDM (1-10 years), and two of these were postmortem confirmed concurrent NAD/EDM and EMND. A pigment retinopathy characterized by varying amounts of granular dark pigment in the tapetal retina was observed in four clinically apparent NAD/EDM horses (two postmortem confirmed concurrent NAD/EDM and EMND) and one horse with clinical signs of EMND. CONCLUSIONS A pigment retinopathy can be present in young α-TP-deficient Warmblood horses with clinical signs of EMND as well as those with signs of NAD/EDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie J Finno
- Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | | | - Andrew D Miller
- Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences Medicine, Cornell University College of Veterinary, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Giuliana Gianino
- Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Thomas Divers
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Stephanie J Valberg
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48895, USA
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138
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Qu YH, Fu JC, Liu K, Zuo ZY, Jia HN, Ma Y, Luo HL. Screening of α-Tocopherol Transfer Protein Sensitive Genes in Human Hepatoma Cells (HepG2). Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071016. [PMID: 27355945 PMCID: PMC4964392 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP) is a ~32 kDa protein expressed mainly in hepatocytes. The major function of the protein is to bind specifically to α-tocopherol and, together, the complex transfers from late lysosomes to the cell membrane. A previous study indicated that some factors might be required in the transferring process. However, there is little information available about the potential transferring factors. In addition, there remains much to learn about other physiological processes which α-TTP might participate in. Thus, in this study a human α-TTP eukaryotic expression vector was successfully constructed and expressed in human hepatoma cells (HepG2). The sensitive genes related to α-TTP were then screened by microarray technology. Results showed that expression of the vector in HepG2 cells led to the identification of 323 genes showing differential expression. The differentially expressed transcripts were divided into four main categories, including (1) cell inflammation; (2) cell cycle and cell apoptosis; (3) cell signaling and gene regulation; and (4) cellular movement. A few cellular movement related transcripts were selected and verified by quantitative real-time PCR. Expressions of some were significantly increased in α-TTP-expressed group, which indicated that these factors were likely to play a role in the transferring process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Hua Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jun-Cai Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhao-Yun Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hui-Na Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hai-Ling Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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139
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Daniell H, Lin CS, Yu M, Chang WJ. Chloroplast genomes: diversity, evolution, and applications in genetic engineering. Genome Biol 2016; 17:134. [PMID: 27339192 PMCID: PMC4918201 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-016-1004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 716] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroplasts play a crucial role in sustaining life on earth. The availability of over 800 sequenced chloroplast genomes from a variety of land plants has enhanced our understanding of chloroplast biology, intracellular gene transfer, conservation, diversity, and the genetic basis by which chloroplast transgenes can be engineered to enhance plant agronomic traits or to produce high-value agricultural or biomedical products. In this review, we discuss the impact of chloroplast genome sequences on understanding the origins of economically important cultivated species and changes that have taken place during domestication. We also discuss the potential biotechnological applications of chloroplast genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Daniell
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, South 40th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6030, USA.
| | - Choun-Sea Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, South 40th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6030, USA
| | - Wan-Jung Chang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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140
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Vonder Haar C, Peterson TC, Martens KM, Hoane MR. Vitamins and nutrients as primary treatments in experimental brain injury: Clinical implications for nutraceutical therapies. Brain Res 2016; 1640:114-129. [PMID: 26723564 PMCID: PMC4870112 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With the numerous failures of pharmaceuticals to treat traumatic brain injury in humans, more researchers have become interested in combination therapies. This is largely due to the multimodal nature of damage from injury, which causes excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, edema, neuroinflammation and cell death. Polydrug treatments have the potential to target multiple aspects of the secondary injury cascade, while many previous therapies focused on one particular aspect. Of specific note are vitamins, minerals and nutrients that can be utilized to supplement other therapies. Many of these have low toxicity, are already FDA approved and have minimal interactions with other drugs, making them attractive targets for therapeutics. Over the past 20 years, interest in supplementation and supraphysiologic dosing of nutrients for brain injury has increased and indeed many vitamins and nutrients now have a considerable body of the literature backing their use. Here, we review several of the prominent therapies in the category of nutraceutical treatment for brain injury in experimental models, including vitamins (B2, B3, B6, B9, C, D, E), herbs and traditional medicines (ginseng, Gingko biloba), flavonoids, and other nutrients (magnesium, zinc, carnitine, omega-3 fatty acids). While there is still much work to be done, several of these have strong potential for clinical therapies, particularly with regard to polydrug regimens. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI:Brain injury and recovery.
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141
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Ramis MR, Sarubbo F, Terrasa JL, Moranta D, Aparicio S, Miralles A, Esteban S. Chronic α-Tocopherol Increases Central Monoamines Synthesis and Improves Cognitive and Motor Abilities in Old Rats. Rejuvenation Res 2016; 19:159-71. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2015.1685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita R. Ramis
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Departamento de Biología, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Fiorella Sarubbo
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Departamento de Biología, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Juan L. Terrasa
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Departamento de Biología, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - David Moranta
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Departamento de Biología, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Laboratorio de Infección e Inmunidad, Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (FISIB)-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Hospital Joan March, Mallorca, Spain
| | - Sara Aparicio
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Departamento de Biología, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonio Miralles
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Departamento de Biología, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Susana Esteban
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Departamento de Biología, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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142
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Ziegler V, Vanier NL, Ferreira CD, Paraginski RT, Monks JLF, Elias MC. Changes in the Bioactive Compounds Content of Soybean as a Function of Grain Moisture Content and Temperature during Long-Term Storage. J Food Sci 2016; 81:H762-8. [PMID: 26816290 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Soybean is a rich source of bioactive compounds, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, isoflavones, carotenoids, and tocopherols. The amount of bioactive compounds in freshly harvested soybeans and their derived products has been determined; however, when they are used in the food industry, soybeans are generally stored prior to being processed. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soybean moisture content (12%, 15%, and 18%) and storage temperature (11, 18, 25, and 32 °C) on the free phenolic, total flavonoid, vanillic acid, total carotenoid, and δ- and γ-tocopherol content of soybeans stored for 12 mo. Moreover, the ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities of phenolic extracts were determined. There was an increase in free phenolics and total flavonoids in the stored grains compared with the grains on the 1st d of storage. Vanillic acid showed a decrease in soybeans stored at 15% and 18% moisture content and 25 or 32 °C, which indicated some degradation into other metabolites. Total carotenoid content decreased as a function of storage temperature and showed some temperature-dependent degradation. The δ- and γ-tocopherol content also tended to decrease in grains stored at 15% or 18% moisture content or 25 or 32 °C, regardless of the moisture content studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valmor Ziegler
- Dept. of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Federal Univ. of Pelotas, CEP: 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Nathan Levien Vanier
- Dept. of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Federal Univ. of Pelotas, CEP: 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Dietrich Ferreira
- Dept. of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Federal Univ. of Pelotas, CEP: 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Tadeu Paraginski
- Inst. Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Farroupilha - Campus Alegrete, RS 377, Km 27, Passo Novo, CEP: 97541-970, Alegrete, RS, Brazil
| | - Jander Luis Fernandes Monks
- Inst. Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Sul-Riograndense - Câmpus Pelotas, CEP: 96015-360 - Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Moacir Cardoso Elias
- Dept. of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Federal Univ. of Pelotas, CEP: 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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143
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Li W. Bringing Bioactive Compounds into Membranes: The UbiA Superfamily of Intramembrane Aromatic Prenyltransferases. Trends Biochem Sci 2016; 41:356-370. [PMID: 26922674 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The UbiA superfamily of intramembrane prenyltransferases catalyzes a key biosynthetic step in the production of ubiquinones, menaquinones, plastoquinones, hemes, chlorophylls, vitamin E, and structural lipids. These lipophilic compounds serve as electron and proton carriers for cellular respiration and photosynthesis, as antioxidants to reduce cell damage, and as structural components of microbial cell walls and membranes. This article reviews the biological functions and enzymatic activities of representative members of the superfamily, focusing on the remarkable recent research progress revealing that the UbiA superfamily is centrally implicated in several important physiological processes and human diseases. Because prenyltransferases in this superfamily have distinctive substrate preferences, two recent crystal structures are compared to illuminate the general mechanism for substrate recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikai Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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144
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Tang Y, Fu X, Shen Q, Tang K. Roles of MPBQ-MT in Promoting α/γ-Tocopherol Production and Photosynthesis under High Light in Lettuce. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148490. [PMID: 26867015 PMCID: PMC4750918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
2-methyl-6-phytyl-1, 4-benzoquinol methyltransferase (MPBQ-MT) is a vital enzyme catalyzing a key methylation step in both α/γ-tocopherol and plastoquinone biosynthetic pathway. In this study, the gene encoding MPBQ-MT was isolated from lettuce (Lactuca sativa) by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), named LsMT. Overexpression of LsMT in lettuce brought about a significant increase of α- and γ-tocopherol contents with a reduction of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) content, suggesting a competition for a common substrate phytyl diphosphate (PDP) between the two biosynthetic pathways. Besides, overexpression of LsMT significantly increased plastoquinone (PQ) level. The increase of tocopherol and plastoquinone levels by LsMT overexpression conduced to the improvement of plants' tolerance and photosynthesis under high light stress, by directing excessive light energy toward photosynthetic production rather than toward generation of more photooxidative damage. These findings suggest that the role and function of MPBQ-MT can be further explored for enhancing vitamin E value, strengthening photosynthesis and phototolerance under high light in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueli Tang
- Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueqing Fu
- Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kexuan Tang
- Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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145
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Ziegler JU, Flockerzie M, Longin CFH, Würschum T, Carle R, Schweiggert RM. Development of Lipophilic Antioxidants and Chloroplasts during the Sprouting of Diverse Triticum spp. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:913-922. [PMID: 26752117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The influence of sprouting times and illumination conditions on lipophilic antioxidants (carotenoids, tocochromanols, alkylresorcinols, and steryl ferulates), chlorophylls, and α-amylase activity was investigated using four varieties each of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. aestivum), spelt (T. aestivum ssp. spelta), durum (T. durum), emmer (T. dicoccum), and einkorn (T. monococcum). Carotenoid levels significantly increased during sprouting, particularly, under light exposure. In contrast, concentrations of other lipophilic antioxidants were affected to a lesser extent. Moreover, the quantitative development of lipophilic antioxidants was evidently determined by genotype. On the basis of the levels of carotenoids newly synthesized during sprouting, a chloroplast development index indicated that chloroplast ontogenesis during sprouting occurred at different species-dependent rates. Thermal degradation of carotenoids, tocochromanols, chlorophylls, and α-amylase activity was observed during the drying of sprouts at 40 and 90 °C, while alkylresorcinol and steryl ferulate levels remained unaffected. Wheat sprouts were shown to be potential functional ingredients to increase the nutritional value of cereal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen U Ziegler
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim , Garbenstraße 25, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Miriam Flockerzie
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim , Garbenstraße 25, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - C Friedrich H Longin
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim , Fruwirthstraße 21, D-70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tobias Würschum
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim , Fruwirthstraße 21, D-70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Reinhold Carle
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim , Garbenstraße 25, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
- Faculty of Science, Biological Science Department, King Abdulaziz University , P.O. Box 80257, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ralf M Schweiggert
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim , Garbenstraße 25, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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146
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Fabre G, Bayach I, Berka K, Paloncýová M, Starok M, Rossi C, Duroux JL, Otyepka M, Trouillas P. Synergism of antioxidant action of vitamins E, C and quercetin is related to formation of molecular associations in biomembranes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:7713-6. [PMID: 25851839 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00636h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vitamins E, C and polyphenols (flavonoids and non-flavonoids) are major natural antioxidants capable of preventing damage generated by oxidative stress. Here we show the capacity of these antioxidants to form non-covalent association within lipid bilayers close to the membrane/cytosol interface. Antioxidant regeneration is significantly enhanced in these complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabin Fabre
- LCSN EA1069, Univ. Limoges, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France
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Ziegler JU, Schweiggert RM, Würschum T, Longin CFH, Carle R. Lipophilic antioxidants in wheat (Triticum spp.): A target for breeding new varieties for future functional cereal products. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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148
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Broznić D, Jurešić GČ, Milin Č. Involvement of α-, γ- and δ-Tocopherol Isomers from
Pumpkin ( Cucurbita pepo L.) Seed Oil or Oil Mixtures in
the Biphasic DPPH˙ Disappearance Kinetics. Food Technol Biotechnol 2016; 54:200-210. [PMID: 27904410 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.54.02.16.4063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant activity of three types of pumpkin seed oil or oil mixtures (cold- -pressed, produced from roasted seed paste and salad) produced in the northern part of Croatia and the kinetics of their behaviour as free radical scavengers were investigated using DPPH˙. In addition, the involvement of oil tocopherol isomers (α-, γ- and δ-) in different steps of DPPH˙ disappearance and their impact on the rate of reaction were analysed. The kinetics of DPPH˙ disappearance is a two-step process. In the first step, rapid disappearance of DPPH˙ occurs during the first 11 min of the reaction, depending on the oil type, followed by a slower decline in the second step. To describe DPPH˙ disappearance kinetics, six mathematical models (mono- and biphasic) were tested. Our findings showed that γ- and δ-tocopherols affected DPPH˙ disappearance during the first step, and α-tocopherol in the second step of the reaction. Moreover, α-tocopherol demonstrated 30 times higher antioxidant activity than γ- and δ-tocopherols. The results indicated the biphasic double-exponential behaviour of DPPH˙ disappearance in oil samples, due to the complexity of reactions that involve different tocopherol isomers and proceed through different chemical pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalibor Broznić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka,
Braće Branchetta 20, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Gordana Čanadi Jurešić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka,
Braće Branchetta 20, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Čedomila Milin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka,
Braće Branchetta 20, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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149
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Taheri A, Lai B, Yang J, Zhang J, Gu Y. Facile synthesis of densely substituted chroman derivatives through Brønsted acid ionic liquid catalyzed three-component reactions of aromatic aldehydes, 1,1-diarylethylenes and nucleophiles. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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150
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Quaresma MA, Rodrigues I, Alves SP, Bessa RJ. Meat lipid profile of suckling goat kids from certified and noncertified production systems. Small Rumin Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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