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Nieman DC, Ramamoorthy S, Kay CD, Goodman CL, Capps CR, Shue ZL, Heyl N, Grace MH, Lila MA. Influence of Ingesting a Flavonoid-Rich Supplement on the Metabolome and Concentration of Urine Phenolics in Overweight/Obese Women. J Proteome Res 2017. [PMID: 28631923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of ingesting a flavonoid-rich supplement (329 mg/d) on total urine phenolics and shifts in plasma metabolites in overweight/obese female adults using untargeted metabolomics procedures. Participants (N = 103, 18-65 y, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) were randomized to flavonoid (F) or placebo (P) groups for 12 weeks with blood and 24 h urine samples collected prestudy and after 4 and 12 weeks in a parallel design. Supplements were prepared as chewable tablets and included vitamin C, wild bilberry fruit extract, green tea leaf extract, quercetin, caffeine, and omega 3 fatty acids. At 4 weeks, urine total phenolics increased 24% in F versus P with similar changes at 12 weeks (interaction effect, P = 0.041). Groups did not differ in markers of inflammation (IL-6, MCP-1, CRP) or oxidative stress (oxLDL, FRAP). Metabolomics data indicated shifts in 63 biochemicals in F versus P with 70% from the lipid and xenobiotics superpathways. The largest fold changes in F were measured for three gut-derived phenolics including 3-methoxycatechol sulfate, 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid sulfate, and 1,2,3-benzenetriol sulfate (interaction effects, p ≤ 0.050). This randomized clinical trial of overweight/obese women showed that 12 weeks ingestion of a mixed flavonoid nutrient supplement was associated with a corresponding increase in urine total phenolics and gut-derived phenolic metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Nieman
- Human Performance Lab, Appalachian State University , North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | | | - Colin D Kay
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, North Carolina State University , North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Courtney L Goodman
- Human Performance Lab, Appalachian State University , North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Christopher R Capps
- Human Performance Lab, Appalachian State University , North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Zack L Shue
- Human Performance Lab, Appalachian State University , North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Nicole Heyl
- Human Performance Lab, Appalachian State University , North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Mary H Grace
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, North Carolina State University , North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Mary A Lila
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, North Carolina State University , North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
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102
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Effects of Commercial Apple Varieties on Human Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolic Output Using an In Vitro Colonic Model. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9060533. [PMID: 28538678 PMCID: PMC5490512 DOI: 10.3390/nu9060533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Apples are a rich source of polyphenols and fiber. A major proportion of apple polyphenols escape absorption in the small intestine and together with non-digestible polysaccharides reach the colon, where they can serve as substrates for bacterial fermentation. Animal studies suggest a synergistic interaction between apple polyphenols and the soluble fiber pectin; however, the effects of whole apples on human gut microbiota are less extensively studied. Three commercial apple varieties—Renetta Canada, Golden Delicious and Pink Lady—were digested and fermented in vitro using a batch culture colonic model (pH 5.5–6.0, 37 °C) inoculated with feces from three healthy donors. Inulin and cellulose were used as a readily and a poorly fermentable plant fiber, respectively. Fecal microbiota composition was measured by 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing (V3-V4 region) and Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and polyphenol microbial metabolites were determined. The three apple varieties significantly changed bacterial diversity, increased Actinobacteria relative abundance, acetate, propionate and total SCFAs (p < 0.05). Renetta Canada and Golden Delicious significantly decreased Bacteroidetes abundance and increased Proteobacteria proportion and bifidobacteria population (p < 0.05). Renetta Canada also increased Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, butyrate levels and polyphenol microbial metabolites (p < 0.05). Together, these data suggest that apples, particularly Renetta Canada, can induce substantial changes in microbiota composition and metabolic activity in vitro, which could be associated with potential benefits to human health. Human intervention studies are necessary to confirm these data and potential beneficial effects.
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103
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Impact of Novel Sorghum Bran Diets on DSS-Induced Colitis. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9040330. [PMID: 28346392 PMCID: PMC5409669 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have demonstrated that polyphenol-rich sorghum bran diets alter fecal microbiota; however, little is known regarding their effect on colon inflammation. Our aim was to characterize the effect of sorghum bran diets on intestinal homeostasis during dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 20/diet) were provided diets containing 6% fiber from cellulose, or Black (3-deoxyanthocyanins), Sumac (condensed tannins) or Hi Tannin Black (both) sorghum bran. Colitis was induced (N = 10/diet) with three separate 48-h exposures to 3% DSS, and feces were collected. On Day 82, animals were euthanized and the colon resected. Only discrete mucosal lesions, with no diarrhea or bloody stools, were observed in DSS rats. Only bran diets upregulated proliferation and Tff3, Tgfβ and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) transporter expression after a DSS challenge. DSS did not significantly affect fecal SCFA concentrations. Bran diets alone upregulated repair mechanisms and SCFA transporter expression, which suggests these polyphenol-rich sorghum brans may suppress some consequences of colitis.
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104
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Mirza A, Mao-Draayer Y. The gut microbiome and microbial translocation in multiple sclerosis. Clin Immunol 2017; 183:213-224. [PMID: 28286112 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) have a distinct intestinal microbial community (microbiota) and increased low-grade translocation of bacteria from the intestines into the circulation. The observed change of intestinal bacteria in MS patients regulate immune functions involved in MS pathogenesis. These functions include: systemic and central nervous system (CNS) immunity (including peripheral regulatory T cell function), the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and CNS-resident cell activity. This review discusses the MS intestinal microbiota implication on MS systemic- and CNS-immunopathology. We introduce the possible contributions of MS low-grade microbial translocation (LG-MT) to the development of MS, and end on a discussion on microbiota therapies for MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mirza
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 4258 Alfred Taubman Biomedical Sciences Research Bldg. 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 4258 Alfred Taubman Biomedical Sciences Research Bldg. 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, United States
| | - Yang Mao-Draayer
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 4015 Alfred Taubman Biomedical Sciences Research Bldg. 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, United States.
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105
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106
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Gutiérrez-Díaz I, Fernández-Navarro T, Salazar N, Bartolomé B, Moreno-Arribas MV, de Andres-Galiana EJ, Fernández-Martínez JL, de Los Reyes-Gavilán CG, Gueimonde M, González S. Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet Influences the Fecal Metabolic Profile of Microbial-Derived Phenolics in a Spanish Cohort of Middle-Age and Older People. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:586-595. [PMID: 28029051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite the evidence regarding the influence of certain polyphenol food sources on the metabolic profile in feces, the association between the different phenolics provided by the diet and the fecal phenolic profile has not been elucidated. In this study, the composition of phenolic metabolites in fecal solutions was analyzed by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS in 74 volunteers. This fecal phenolic profile showed a high interindividual variation of the different compounds analyzed, phenylacetic and phenylpropionic acids being the major classes of phenolic metabolites excreted in feces. Subjects with higher adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern presented greater fecal concentrations of benzoic and 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acids, positively correlated with the intake of the principal classes and subclasses of polyphenols and fibers, and higher levels of Clostridium cluster XVIa and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. These results provide a link among the Mediterranean dietary pattern, the bioactive compounds of the diet, and the fecal metabolic phenolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Gutiérrez-Díaz
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo , C/Julián Clavería s/n, Oviedo, 33006 Asturias, Spain
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC) , Paseo Río Linares s/n, Villaviciosa, 33300 Asturias, Spain
| | - Tania Fernández-Navarro
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo , C/Julián Clavería s/n, Oviedo, 33006 Asturias, Spain
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC) , Paseo Río Linares s/n, Villaviciosa, 33300 Asturias, Spain
| | - Nuria Salazar
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC) , Paseo Río Linares s/n, Villaviciosa, 33300 Asturias, Spain
| | - Begoña Bartolomé
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM-CSIC , C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Victoria Moreno-Arribas
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM-CSIC , C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Clara G de Los Reyes-Gavilán
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC) , Paseo Río Linares s/n, Villaviciosa, 33300 Asturias, Spain
| | - Miguel Gueimonde
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC) , Paseo Río Linares s/n, Villaviciosa, 33300 Asturias, Spain
| | - Sonia González
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo , C/Julián Clavería s/n, Oviedo, 33006 Asturias, Spain
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107
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Sandhu KV, Sherwin E, Schellekens H, Stanton C, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Feeding the microbiota-gut-brain axis: diet, microbiome, and neuropsychiatry. Transl Res 2017; 179:223-244. [PMID: 27832936 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The microbial population residing within the human gut represents one of the most densely populated microbial niche in the human body with growing evidence showing it playing a key role in the regulation of behavior and brain function. The bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the brain, the microbiota-gut-brain axis, occurs through various pathways including the vagus nerve, the immune system, neuroendocrine pathways, and bacteria-derived metabolites. This axis has been shown to influence neurotransmission and the behavior that are often associated with neuropsychiatric conditions. Therefore, research targeting the modulation of this gut microbiota as a novel therapy for the treatment of various neuropsychiatric conditions is gaining interest. Numerous factors have been highlighted to influence gut microbiota composition, including genetics, health status, mode of birth, and environment. However, it is diet composition and nutritional status that has repeatedly been shown to be one of the most critical modifiable factors regulating the gut microbiota at different time points across the lifespan and under various health conditions. Thus the microbiota is poised to play a key role in nutritional interventions for maintaining brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran V Sandhu
- APC Microbiome institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eoin Sherwin
- APC Microbiome institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Harriët Schellekens
- APC Microbiome institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry & Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co, Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry & Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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108
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Guo H, Xu Y, Huang W, Zhou H, Zheng Z, Zhao Y, He B, Zhu T, Tang S, Zhu Q. Kuwanon G Preserves LPS-Induced Disruption of Gut Epithelial Barrier In Vitro. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111597. [PMID: 27879681 PMCID: PMC6272946 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in the gut epithelial barrier have now been recognized to be responsible for diabetic endotoxemia. In everyday life, Mulberry leaf tea is widely used in Asian nations due to its proposed benefits to health and control of diabetes. Evidence indicates the potential role of Kuwanon G (KWG), a component from Morus alba L., on blocking the gut epithelial barrier. In lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-damaged Caco-2 cells, it was found that KWG increased the viability of cells in a concentration-dependent manner. KWG administration significantly elevated the anti-oxidant abilities via increasing ratio of superoxidase dismutase (SOD)/malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the cells. During KWG incubation, pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were significantly reduced, tight junction proteins including zonula occludens (ZO)-1, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and Occludin were dramatically increased as detected by immunofluorescence assay, trans-epithelial electrical resistance was significantly increased and the transmission of albumin-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) across the barrier was decreased. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that KWG could ameliorate LPS-induced disruption of the gut epithelial barrier by increasing cell viability and tight junction between cells, and decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengli Guo
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China.
| | - Youhua Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China.
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 640000, China.
| | - Hua Zhou
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China.
- Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China.
| | - Zhaoguang Zheng
- Institute of Consun Co. for Chinese Medicine in Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Consun Pharmaceutical Group, Dongpeng Road 71, Guangzhou 510760, China.
| | - Yonghua Zhao
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China.
| | - Bao He
- Institute of Consun Co. for Chinese Medicine in Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Consun Pharmaceutical Group, Dongpeng Road 71, Guangzhou 510760, China.
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China.
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 640000, China.
| | - Shanshan Tang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China.
| | - Quan Zhu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China.
- Institute of Consun Co. for Chinese Medicine in Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Consun Pharmaceutical Group, Dongpeng Road 71, Guangzhou 510760, China.
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109
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Effects of flavonoids on intestinal inflammation, barrier integrity and changes in gut microbiota during diet-induced obesity. Nutr Res Rev 2016; 29:234-248. [PMID: 27841104 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422416000159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation, which, in most cases, leads to the development of metabolic disorders, primarily insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Although prior studies have implicated the adipose tissue as being primarily responsible for obesity-associated inflammation, the latest discoveries have correlated impairments in intestinal immune homeostasis and the mucosal barrier with increased activation of the inflammatory pathways and the development of insulin resistance. Therefore, it is essential to define the mechanisms underlying the obesity-associated gut alterations to develop therapies to prevent and treat obesity and its associated diseases. Flavonoids appear to be promising candidates among the natural preventive treatments that have been identified to date. They have been shown to protect against several diseases, including CVD and various cancers. Furthermore, they have clear anti-inflammatory properties, which have primarily been evaluated in non-intestinal models. At present, a growing body of evidence suggests that flavonoids could exert a protective role against obesity-associated pathologies by modulating inflammatory-related cellular events in the intestine and/or the composition of the microbiota populations. The present paper will review the literature to date that has described the protective effects of flavonoids on intestinal inflammation, barrier integrity and gut microbiota in studies conducted using in vivo and in vitro models.
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110
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Giménez-Bastida JA, Zielinski H, Piskula M, Zielinska D, Szawara-Nowak D. Buckwheat bioactive compounds, their derived phenolic metabolites and their health benefits. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [PMID: 27709826 PMCID: PMC6599964 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Buckwheat (BW) consumption has been associated with a broad range of health benefits: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer. These beneficial effects have been partially related to the presence of flavonoids. However, some of these compounds (i.e., rutin and quercetin) are metabolized in the gastrointestinal tract generating derived phenolic metabolites. In this study, we investigated the biological activity of rutin (Ru), quercetin (Q) an their derived phenolic metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (3,4-DHPAA), 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (3-HPAA), and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetic acid (homovanillic acid, HVA). METHODS AND RESULTS Q showed the highest antioxidant and reducing activity, and Ru the maximum chelating activity (85.33%). Antioxidant activity of 3,4-DHPAA was 5-fold higher than that of HVA, whereas their reducing activity was similar. The formation of methylglyoxal (MGO)-BSA and glucose-BSA (advanced glycation end products) was inhibited by Ru (98.5 and 92.7%), Q (95.6 and 89.1%) and 3,4-DHPPA (84.4.6 and 77.5%). Furthermore, Q (10-50 μM) and Ru (1-50 μM) downregulated the release of PGE2 , IL-8 and MCP-1, molecules involved in the inflammatory response, in IL1β-inflamed myofibroblasts of colon CCD-18Co. CONCLUSION This study suggests that BW phytochemicals and their phenolic metabolites may be responsible for the beneficial effects against chronic diseases attributed to BW consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Giménez-Bastida
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, Olsztyn, Poland.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Henryk Zielinski
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Mariusz Piskula
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Danuta Zielinska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dorota Szawara-Nowak
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, Olsztyn, Poland
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111
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Anderson JJB, Nieman DC. Diet Quality-The Greeks Had It Right! Nutrients 2016; 8:E636. [PMID: 27754409 PMCID: PMC5084023 DOI: 10.3390/nu8100636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is upheld in the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines as an example of an eating pattern that promotes good health, a healthy body weight, and disease prevention throughout the lifespan. The Mediterranean eating pattern is based on a variety of unprocessed plant foods including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds that are high in polyphenols. The majority of polyphenols arrive in the colon where bacteria degrade them into smaller phenolics that can be translocated via the portal vein to the liver. In the liver, the phenolics undergo additional biotransformation prior to release into the circulation and transport to specific tissues where bioactive effects take place before removal in the urine. Recent epidemiologic studies using improved assessment techniques support that high versus low dietary polyphenol intake predicts reduced risk for neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, obesity, and early death from all causes. Emerging science reveals that many of these health-related benefits can be traced to the biotransformed, gut-derived phenolics. In conclusion, the high consumption of unprocessed plant foods by inhabitants of countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea has been linked to multiple health and disease prevention benefits that are in large part due to a varied intake of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J B Anderson
- Department of Nutrition, Schools of Public Health and Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - David C Nieman
- Human Performance Laboratory, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
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112
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Aschoff JK, Riedl KM, Cooperstone JL, Högel J, Bosy-Westphal A, Schwartz SJ, Carle R, Schweiggert RM. Urinary excretion of Citrus flavanones and their major catabolites after consumption of fresh oranges and pasteurized orange juice: A randomized cross-over study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:2602-2610. [PMID: 27488098 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Orange juice contains flavanones including hesperidin and narirutin, albeit at lower concentrations as compared to orange fruit. Therefore, we compared bioavailability and colonic catabolism of flavanones from orange juice to a 2.4-fold higher dose from fresh oranges. METHODS AND RESULTS Following a randomized two-way cross-over design, 12 healthy subjects consumed a test meal comprising either fresh oranges or pasteurized orange juice, delivering 1774 and 751 μmol of total Citrus flavanones, respectively. Deglucuronidated and desulfated hesperetin, naringenin, and the flavanone catabolites 3-(3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)propionic acid, 3-(3'-hydroxyphenyl)hydracrylic acid, 4-hydroxyhippuric acid, and hippuric acid were quantitated in 24-h urine by UHPLC-MS/MS. Differences in urinary hesperetin excretion were found to be nonsignificant (p = 0.5209) both after consumption of orange fruit (21.6 ± 8.0 μmol) and juice (18.3 ± 7.2 μmol). By analogy, postprandial flavanone catabolite excretions were highly similar between treatments. Excretion of 3-(3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)propionic acid was inversely related to that of hesperetin, illustrating the catabolite/precursor relationship. CONCLUSION Despite 2.4-fold higher doses, excretion of flavanones from ingested fresh orange fruit did not differ from that following orange juice consumption, possibly due to a saturation of absorption or their entrapment in the fiber-rich matrix of the fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian K Aschoff
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ken M Riedl
- Department of Food Science & Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jessica L Cooperstone
- Department of Food Science & Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Josef Högel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Steven J Schwartz
- Department of Food Science & Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Reinhold Carle
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.,Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ralf M Schweiggert
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Dihydrocaffeic acid, a major microbial metabolite of chlorogenic acids, shows similar protective effect than a yerba mate phenolic extract against oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Food Res Int 2016; 87:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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114
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Xue Z, Yang B. Phenylethanoid Glycosides: Research Advances in Their Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activity and Pharmacokinetics. Molecules 2016; 21:E991. [PMID: 27483229 PMCID: PMC6273160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21080991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) are widely distributed in traditional Chinese medicines as well as in other medicinal plants, and they were characterized by a phenethyl alcohol (C₆-C₂) moiety attached to a β-glucopyranose/β-allopyranose via a glycosidic bond. The outstanding activity of PhGs in diverse diseases proves their importance in medicinal chemistry research. This review summarizes new findings on PhGs over the past 10 years, concerning the new structures, their bioactivities, including neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial and antivirus, cytotoxic, immunomodulatory, and enzyme inhibitory effects, and pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Xue
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Bin Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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115
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Vezza T, Rodríguez-Nogales A, Algieri F, Utrilla MP, Rodriguez-Cabezas ME, Galvez J. Flavonoids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review. Nutrients 2016; 8:211. [PMID: 27070642 PMCID: PMC4848680 DOI: 10.3390/nu8040211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the intestine that compromises the patients’ life quality and requires sustained pharmacological and surgical treatments. Since their etiology is not completely understood, non-fully-efficient drugs have been developed and those that have shown effectiveness are not devoid of quite important adverse effects that impair their long-term use. In this regard, a growing body of evidence confirms the health benefits of flavonoids. Flavonoids are compounds with low molecular weight that are widely distributed throughout the vegetable kingdom, including in edible plants. They may be of great utility in conditions of acute or chronic intestinal inflammation through different mechanisms including protection against oxidative stress, and preservation of epithelial barrier function and immunomodulatory properties in the gut. In this review we have revised the main flavonoid classes that have been assessed in different experimental models of colitis as well as the proposed mechanisms that support their beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Vezza
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n 18016-Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - Alba Rodríguez-Nogales
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n 18016-Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - Francesca Algieri
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n 18016-Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - Maria Pilar Utrilla
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n 18016-Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - Maria Elena Rodriguez-Cabezas
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n 18016-Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - Julio Galvez
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n 18016-Armilla, Granada, Spain.
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116
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Differential absorption and metabolism of hydroxytyrosol and its precursors oleuropein and secoiridoids. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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117
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Martin DA, Bolling BW. A review of the efficacy of dietary polyphenols in experimental models of inflammatory bowel diseases. Food Funct 2016; 6:1773-86. [PMID: 25986932 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00202h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis presently have no cure and are treated with anti-inflammatory drugs or monoclonal antibodies targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines. A variety of rodent models have been used to model chronic and acute colitis. Dietary polyphenols in foods and botanicals are of considerable interest for prevention and treatment of colitis. Many dietary polyphenols have been utilized for prevention of colitis in rodent models. Berries, green tea polyphenols, curcumin, and stilbenes have been the most extensively tested polyphenols in rodent models of colitis. The majority of polyphenols tested have inhibited colitis in rodents, but increasing doses of EGCG and green tea, isoflavones, flaxseed, and α-mangostin have exacerbated colitis. Few studies have examined combination of polyphenols or other bioactives for inhibition of colitis. Translating polyphenol doses used in rodent models of colitis to human equivalent doses reveals that supplemental doses are most likely required to inhibit colitis from a single polyphenol treatment. The ability to translate polyphenol treatments in rodent models is likely to be limited by species differences in xenobiotic metabolism and microbiota. Given these limitations, data from polyphenols in rodent models suggests merit for pursuing additional clinical studies for prevention of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek A Martin
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1605 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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118
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Magistrelli D, Zanchi R, Malagutti L, Galassi G, Canzi E, Rosi F. Effects of Cocoa Husk Feeding on the Composition of Swine Intestinal Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:2046-2052. [PMID: 26877143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A two-diet/two-period change over experiment was performed to investigate the effects of cocoa husks, as a source of dietary fiber and polyphenols, on pig intestinal microbial composition. Six pigs were fed a conventional cereal-based diet or a diet obtained by substitution of 7.5% of the conventional diet with cocoa husks for 3 weeks. Experimental diets were isoproteic and isoenergetic. At the end of each 3 week testing period, samples of fresh feces were collected and analyzed for microbial composition by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Cocoa husks did not affect feed intake, weight gain, and feed efficiency. Analysis of fecal microbial populations, grouped by phyla, showed a decrease of Firmicutes and an increase of Bacteroidetes in cocoa husk-fed pigs. Particularly, cocoa husks reduced fecal populations of the Lactobacillus-Enterococcus group and Clostridium histolyticum and increased the Bacteroides-Prevotella group and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, suggesting a potential for cocoa husks in the improvement of intestinal microbial balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Magistrelli
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences and ‡Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan , via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Zanchi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences and ‡Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan , via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Malagutti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences and ‡Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan , via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Galassi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences and ‡Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan , via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Enrica Canzi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences and ‡Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan , via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabia Rosi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences and ‡Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan , via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
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119
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Cardozo Junior EL, Morand C. Interest of mate ( Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) as a new natural functional food to preserve human cardiovascular health – A review. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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120
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Najmanová I, Pourová J, Vopršalová M, Pilařová V, Semecký V, Nováková L, Mladěnka P. Flavonoid metabolite 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid formed by human microflora decreases arterial blood pressure in rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:981-91. [PMID: 26790841 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There are reports of positive effects of quercetin on cardiovascular pathologies, however, mainly due to its low biovailability, the mechanism remains elusive. Here, we report that one metabolite formed by human microflora (3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid)relaxed isolated rat aorta and decreased arterial blood pressure in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveta Najmanová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Pourová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Vopršalová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Pilařová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Semecký
- Department of Biological and Medical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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121
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Low dose aspirin like analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of mono-hydroxybenzoic acids in stressed rodents. Life Sci 2016; 148:53-62. [PMID: 26874033 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To compare analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of aspirin and mono-hydroxybenzoic acids after their daily oral doses. MAIN METHODS Efficacies of repeated daily stress response suppressing low oral doses (20mg/kg) of aspirin and 2-, 3-, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acids in mice hot plate test for centrally acting analgesics, and in acetic acid induced writing test were compared. Effects of their same daily doses and treatment regimen in cotton pellet granuloma and carrageenan edema test for anti-inflammatory drugs in stressed rats were compared in a second experiment. Effects of treatments on body weights, basal rectal temperatures, organ weights and plasma glucose, insulin and cortisol levels in stressed animals were compared also. KEY FINDINGS Although stress response suppressing effects of aspirin and all the three hydroxybenzoic acids in both mice and rats were almost equal, effectiveness of 3- and 4-hydroxybenzoic acids as analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents were lower than those of aspirin or salicylic acid. SIGNIFICANCE Observations made after single oral doses of aspirin or of mono-hydroxybenzoic acids are not very reliable predictors of their pharmacologically interesting bioactivity profiles and efficacies. Prostaglandin synthesis inhibition is not involved in low dose anti-inflammatory activities of 3- and 4-hydroxybenzoic acids. After their repeated daily low oral doses they are almost as potent stress response desensitizers as aspirin or salicylic acid.
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122
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Mechanisms by which cocoa flavanols improve metabolic syndrome and related disorders. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 35:1-21. [PMID: 27560446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dietary administration of cocoa flavanols may be an effective complementary strategy for alleviation or prevention of metabolic syndrome, particularly glucose intolerance. The complex flavanol composition of cocoa provides the ability to interact with a variety of molecules, thus allowing numerous opportunities to ameliorate metabolic diseases. These interactions likely occur primarily in the gastrointestinal tract, where native cocoa flavanol concentration is high. Flavanols may antagonize digestive enzymes and glucose transporters, causing a reduction in glucose excursion, which helps patients with metabolic disorders maintain glucose homeostasis. Unabsorbed flavanols, and ones that undergo enterohepatic recycling, will proceed to the colon where they can exert prebiotic effects on the gut microbiota. Interactions with the gut microbiota may improve gut barrier function, resulting in attenuated endotoxin absorption. Cocoa may also positively influence insulin signaling, possibly by relieving insulin-signaling pathways from oxidative stress and inflammation and/or via a heightened incretin response. The purpose of this review is to explore the mechanisms that underlie these outcomes, critically review the current body of literature related to those mechanisms, explore the implications of these mechanisms for therapeutic utility, and identify emerging or needed areas of research that could advance our understanding of the mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of cocoa flavanols.
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123
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Orrego-Lagarón N, Vallverdú-Queralt A, Martínez-Huélamo M, Lamuela-Raventos RM, Escribano-Ferrer E. Metabolic profile of naringenin in the stomach and colon using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization linear ion trap quadrupole-Orbitrap-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) and LC-ESI-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 120:38-45. [PMID: 26698229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Several biological activities (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic) are attributed to naringenin (NAR)-a predominant flavonoid of citrus fruit and tomato-despite its low bioavailability after ingestion. NAR undergoes extensive metabolism when crossing the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in enteric, hepatic and microbial metabolites, some of them with recognized beneficial effects on human health. This study sought to provide new insights into the metabolism of NAR in regions of the gastrointestinal tract where it has been less studied: the stomach and colon. With this purpose, liquid chromatography coupled with an electrospray ionization hybrid linear ion trap quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry technique (LC-ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) was used for an accurate identification of NAR metabolites, and liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) on a triple quadrupole was used for their identification and quantification. The combination of both analytical techniques provided a broader metabolic profile of NAR. As far as we know, this is the first in-depth metabolic profiling study of NAR in the stomach of mice. Three of the metabolites determined using the LC-LTQ-Orbitrap could not be identified by LC-ESI-MS/MS in stomach perfusion samples: apigenin, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid and phloroglucinol. The number of colonic metabolites determined using the LTQ-Orbitrap-MS was more than twice the number identified by LC-ESI-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Orrego-Lagarón
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN(2)UB), University of Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Vallverdú-Queralt
- INRA, UMR1083 Sciences Pour l' Œnologie, 2 Place Pierre Viala, Montpellier Cedex 34060, France; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Martínez-Huélamo
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain; Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M Lamuela-Raventos
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain; Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elvira Escribano-Ferrer
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN(2)UB), University of Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
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A Molecular-Level Landscape of Diet-Gut Microbiome Interactions: Toward Dietary Interventions Targeting Bacterial Genes. mBio 2015; 6:e01263-15. [PMID: 26507230 PMCID: PMC4626853 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01263-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As diet is considered the major regulator of the gut ecosystem, the overall objective of this work was to demonstrate that a detailed knowledge of the phytochemical composition of food could add to our understanding of observed changes in functionality and activity of the gut microbiota. We used metatranscriptomic data from a human dietary intervention study to develop a network that consists of >400 compounds present in the administered plant-based diet linked to 609 microbial targets in the gut. Approximately 20% of the targeted bacterial proteins showed significant changes in their gene expression levels, while functional and topology analyses revealed that proteins in metabolic networks with high centrality are the most “vulnerable” targets. This global view and the mechanistic understanding of the associations between microbial gene expression and dietary molecules could be regarded as a promising methodological approach for targeting specific bacterial proteins that impact human health. It is a general belief that microbiome-derived drugs and therapies will come to the market in coming years, either in the form of molecules that mimic a beneficial interaction between bacteria and host or molecules that disturb a harmful interaction or proteins that can modify the microbiome or bacterial species to change the balance of “good” and “bad” bacteria in the gut microbiome. However, among the numerous factors, what has proven the most influential for modulating the microbial composition of the gut is diet. In line with this, we demonstrate here that a systematic analysis of the interactions between the small molecules present in our diet and the gut bacterial proteome holds great potential for designing dietary interventions to improve human health.
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125
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Li Y, Zhou G, Xing S, Tu P, Li X. Identification of Echinacoside Metabolites Produced by Human Intestinal Bacteria Using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:6764-71. [PMID: 26186273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Echinacoside (ECH) is one of the representative phenylethanoid glycosides. It is widely present in plants and exhibits various bioactivities. However, the extremely low oral bioavailability of ECH in rats implies that ECH may go through multiple hydrolysis steps in the gastrointestinal tract prior to its absorption into the blood. Therefore, the gastrointestinal metabolites of ECH are more likely to be the bioactive components. This study established an approach combining ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) with MS(E) technology and MetaboLynx software for rapid analysis of the ECH metabolic profile produced by human intestinal bacteria. As a result, 13 ECH metabolites and 5 possible metabolic pathways (including deglycosylation, dehydroxylation, reduction, hydroxylation, and acetylation) were identified. Furthermore, hydroxytyrosol (HT) and 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid (3-HPP) were found to be the two bioactive metabolites of ECH produced by human intestinal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- †School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Guisheng Zhou
- †School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihua Xing
- †School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- §State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- †School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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Pereira-Caro G, Oliver CM, Weerakkody R, Singh T, Conlon M, Borges G, Sanguansri L, Lockett T, Roberts SA, Crozier A, Augustin MA. Chronic administration of a microencapsulated probiotic enhances the bioavailability of orange juice flavanones in humans. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 84:206-214. [PMID: 25801290 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Orange juice (OJ) flavanones are bioactive polyphenols that are absorbed principally in the large intestine. Ingestion of probiotics has been associated with favorable changes in the colonic microflora. The present study examined the acute and chronic effects of orally administered Bifidobacterium longum R0175 on the colonic microflora and bioavailability of OJ flavanones in healthy volunteers. In an acute study volunteers drank OJ with and without the microencapsulated probiotic, whereas the chronic effects were examined when OJ was consumed after daily supplementation with the probiotic over 4 weeks. Bioavailability, assessed by 0-24h urinary excretion, was similar when OJ was consumed with and without acute probiotic intake. Hesperetin-O-glucuronides, naringenin-O-glucuronides, and hesperetin-3'-O-sulfate were the main urinary flavanone metabolites. The overall urinary excretion of these metabolites after OJ ingestion and acute probiotic intake corresponded to 22% of intake, whereas excretion of key colon-derived phenolic and aromatic acids was equivalent to 21% of the ingested OJ (poly)phenols. Acute OJ consumption after chronic probiotic intake over 4 weeks resulted in the excretion of 27% of flavanone intake, and excretion of selected phenolic acids also increased significantly to 43% of (poly)phenol intake, corresponding to an overall bioavailability of 70%. Neither the probiotic bacterial profiles of stools nor the stool moisture, weight, pH, or levels of short-chain fatty acids and phenols differed significantly between treatments. These findings highlight the positive effect of chronic, but not acute, intake of microencapsulated B. longum R0175 on the bioavailability of OJ flavanones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Pereira-Caro
- Department of Technology, Postharvest and Food Industry, IFAPA-Alameda del Obispo, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | | | - Tanoj Singh
- CSIRO Food & Nutrition Flagship, Werribee, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Conlon
- CSIRO Food & Nutrition Flagship, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Gina Borges
- Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Luz Sanguansri
- CSIRO Food & Nutrition Flagship, Werribee, VIC, Australia
| | - Trevor Lockett
- CSIRO Food & Nutrition Flagship, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan A Roberts
- Global Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, The Coca-Cola Company, Atlanta, GA 30313, USA
| | - Alan Crozier
- Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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127
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Blatchford P, Bentley-Hewitt KL, Stoklosinski H, McGhie T, Gearry R, Gibson G, Ansell J. In vitro characterisation of the fermentation profile and prebiotic capacity of gold-fleshed kiwifruit. Benef Microbes 2015; 6:829-39. [PMID: 26123782 DOI: 10.3920/bm2015.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A new Actinidia chinensis gold-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar 'Zesy002' was tested to investigate whether it could positively modulate the composition of the human colonic microbiota. Digested Zesy002 kiwifruit was added to in vitro pH-controlled anaerobic batch fermenters that were inoculated with representative human faecal microbiota. Alterations to the gut microbial ecology were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolic end products were measured using gas chromatography and liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry. Results indicated a substantial shift in the composition of bacteria within the gut models caused by kiwifruit supplementation. Zesy002 supplemented microbiota had a significantly higher abundance of Bacteroides spp., Parabacteroides spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. after 48 h of fermentation compared with the start of the fermentation. Organic acids from kiwifruit were able to endure simulated gastrointestinal digestion and were detectable in the first 10 h of fermentation. The fermentable carbohydrates were converted to beneficial organic acids with a particular predilection for propionate production, corresponding with the rise in Bacteroides spp. and Parabacteroides spp. These results support the claim that Zesy002 kiwifruit non-digestible fractions can effect favourable changes to the human colonic microbial community and primary metabolites, and demonstrate a hitherto unknown effect of Zesy002 on colonic microbiota under in vitro conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Blatchford
- 1 The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.,2 Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - K L Bentley-Hewitt
- 1 The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - H Stoklosinski
- 1 The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - T McGhie
- 1 The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - R Gearry
- 3 Department of Gastroenterology, Christchurch Hospital, Private Bag 4710, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - G Gibson
- 2 Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - J Ansell
- 4 Zespri International Limited, 400 Maunganui Road, P.O. Box 4043, Mt Maunganui 3149, New Zealand
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Strugała P, Gładkowski W, Kucharska AZ, Sokół-Łętowska A, Gabrielska J. Antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effect of fruit extracts from blackcurrant, chokeberry, hawthorn, and rosehip, and their mixture with linseed oil on a model lipid membrane. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201500001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Strugała
- Department of Physics and Biophysics; Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wrocław Poland
| | - Witold Gładkowski
- Department of Chemistry; Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wrocław Poland
| | - Alicja Z. Kucharska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable, and Cereal Technology; Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wrocław Poland
| | - Anna Sokół-Łętowska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable, and Cereal Technology; Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wrocław Poland
| | - Janina Gabrielska
- Department of Physics and Biophysics; Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wrocław Poland
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129
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Apples and cardiovascular health--is the gut microbiota a core consideration? Nutrients 2015; 7:3959-98. [PMID: 26016654 PMCID: PMC4488768 DOI: 10.3390/nu7063959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is now considerable scientific evidence that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables can improve human health and protect against chronic diseases. However, it is not clear whether different fruits and vegetables have distinct beneficial effects. Apples are among the most frequently consumed fruits and a rich source of polyphenols and fiber. A major proportion of the bioactive components in apples, including the high molecular weight polyphenols, escape absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract and reach the large intestine relatively intact. There, they can be converted by the colonic microbiota to bioavailable and biologically active compounds with systemic effects, in addition to modulating microbial composition. Epidemiological studies have identified associations between frequent apple consumption and reduced risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease. Human and animal intervention studies demonstrate beneficial effects on lipid metabolism, vascular function and inflammation but only a few studies have attempted to link these mechanistically with the gut microbiota. This review will focus on the reciprocal interaction between apple components and the gut microbiota, the potential link to cardiovascular health and the possible mechanisms of action.
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130
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Ritchie LE, Sturino JM, Carroll RJ, Rooney LW, Azcarate-Peril MA, Turner ND. Polyphenol-rich sorghum brans alter colon microbiota and impact species diversity and species richness after multiple bouts of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2015; 91:fiv008. [PMID: 25764457 PMCID: PMC4573659 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiv008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota affects host health, and dysbiosis is involved in colitis. Sorghum bran influences butyrate concentrations during dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis, suggesting microbiota changes. We aimed to characterize the microbiota during colitis, and ascertain if polyphenol-rich sorghum bran diets mitigate these effects. Rats (n = 80) were fed diets containing 6% fiber from cellulose, or Black (3-deoxyanthocyanins), Sumac (condensed tannins), or Hi Tannin black (both) sorghum bran. Inflammation was induced three times using 3% DSS for 48 h (40 rats, 2 week separation), and the microbiota characterized by pyrosequencing. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was higher in Cellulose DSS rats. Colonic injury negatively correlated with Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Lactobacillales and Lactobacillus, and positively correlated with Unknown/Unclassified. Post DSS#2, richness was significantly lower in Sumac and Hi Tannin black. Post DSS#3 Bacteroidales, Bacteroides, Clostridiales, Lactobacillales and Lactobacillus were reduced, with no Clostridium identified. Diet significantly affected Bacteroidales, Bacteroides, Clostridiales and Lactobacillus post DSS#2 and #3. Post DSS#3 diet significantly affected all genus, including Bacteroides and Lactobacillus, and diversity and richness increased. Sumac and Hi Tannin black DSS had significantly higher richness compared to controls. Thus, these sorghum brans may protect against alterations observed during colitis including reduced microbial diversity and richness, and dysbiosis of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Ritchie
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2253, USA
| | - Joseph M Sturino
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2253, USA Nutrition and Food Science Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2253, USA
| | - Raymond J Carroll
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3143, USA
| | - Lloyd W Rooney
- Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2474, USA
| | - M Andrea Azcarate-Peril
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7545, USA
| | - Nancy D Turner
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2253, USA Nutrition and Food Science Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2253, USA
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131
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Zhang Y, Zhao F, Deng Y, Zhao Y, Ren H. Metagenomic and metabolomic analysis of the toxic effects of trichloroacetamide-induced gut microbiome and urine metabolome perturbations in mice. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:1752-61. [PMID: 25609144 DOI: 10.1021/pr5011263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water have been linked to various diseases, including colon, colorectal, rectal, and bladder cancer. Trichloroacetamide (TCAcAm) is an emerging nitrogenous DBP, and our previous study found that TCAcAm could induce some changes associated with host-gut microbiota co-metabolism. In this study, we used an integrated approach combining metagenomics, based on high-throughput sequencing, and metabolomics, based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), to evaluate the toxic effects of TCAcAm exposure on the gut microbiome and urine metabolome. High-throughput sequencing revealed that the gut microbiome's composition and function were significantly altered after TCAcAm exposure for 90 days in Mus musculus mice. In addition, metabolomic analysis showed that a number of gut microbiota-related metabolites were dramatically perturbed in the urine of the mice. These results may provide novel insight into evaluating the health risk of environmental pollutants as well as revealing the potential mechanism of TCAcAm's toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Fuzheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yongfeng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yanping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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Pereira-Caro G, Borges G, Ky I, Ribas A, Calani L, Del Rio D, Clifford MN, Roberts SA, Crozier A. In vitro colonic catabolism of orange juice (poly)phenols. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:465-75. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gema Pereira-Caro
- Department of Technology; Postharvest and Food Industry; IFAPA-Alameda del Obispo; Córdoba Spain
| | - Gina Borges
- Department of Nutrition; University of California; Davis CA USA
| | - Isabelle Ky
- Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin; Université Bordeaux Segalen; Villenave d'Ornon Cedex France
| | - Aleix Ribas
- Bioquímica i Biotecnologia; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Luca Calani
- Department of Food Science; University of Parma; Parma Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Department of Food Science; University of Parma; Parma Italy
| | - Michael N. Clifford
- Department of Nutritional Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey UK
| | - Susan A. Roberts
- Global Scientific and Regulatory Affairs; The Coca-Cola Company; Atlanta GA USA
| | - Alan Crozier
- Department of Nutrition; University of California; Davis CA USA
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133
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Li AN, Li S, Zhang YJ, Xu XR, Chen YM, Li HB. Resources and biological activities of natural polyphenols. Nutrients 2014; 6:6020-47. [PMID: 25533011 PMCID: PMC4277013 DOI: 10.3390/nu6126020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxidative stress imposed by reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role in many chronic and degenerative diseases. As an important category of phytochemicals, phenolic compounds universally exist in plants, and have been considered to have high antioxidant ability and free radical scavenging capacity, with the mechanism of inhibiting the enzymes responsible for ROS production and reducing highly oxidized ROS. Therefore, phenolic compounds have attracted increasing attention as potential agents for preventing and treating many oxidative stress-related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, ageing, diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes current knowledge of natural polyphenols, including resource, bioactivities, bioavailability and potential toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Na Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Sha Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Yu-Jie Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Xiang-Rong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Yu-Ming Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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134
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Impact of basal diet on dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis in rats. Eur J Nutr 2014; 54:1217-27. [PMID: 25410748 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0800-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis is a widely used model for inflammatory bowel disease. However, various factors including nutrition may affect the development of this colitis. This study aimed to compare and characterize the impact of purified and non-purified basal diets on the development of DSS-induced colitis in the rat. METHODS Wistar rats were fed a non-purified or a semi-synthetic purified diet for 21 days. Colitis was then induced in half of the rats by administration of DSS in drinking water (4% w/v) during the last 7 days of experimentation. At the end of the experimental period, colon sections were taken for histopathological examination, determination of various markers of inflammation (myeloperoxidase: MPO, cytokines) and oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase: SOD, catalase: CAT, glutathione peroxidase: GPx and glutathione reductase: GRed activities), and evaluation of the expression of various genes implicated in this disorder. RESULTS DSS ingestion induced a more marked colitis in animals receiving the purified diet, as reflected by higher histological score and increased MPO activity. A significant decrease in SOD and CAT activities was also observed in rats fed the purified diet. Also, in these animals, administration of DSS induced a significant increase in interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β and IL-6. In addition, various genes implicated in inflammation were over-expressed after ingestion of DSS by rats fed the purified diet. CONCLUSIONS These results show that a purified diet promotes the onset of a more severe induced colitis than a non-purified one, highlighting the influence of basal diet in colitis development.
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Goodrich KM, Dorenkott MR, Ye L, O'Keefe SF, Hulver MW, Neilson AP. Dietary supplementation with cocoa flavanols does not alter colon tissue profiles of native flavanols and their microbial metabolites established during habitual dietary exposure in C57BL/6J mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:11190-11199. [PMID: 25336378 DOI: 10.1021/jf503838q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism of flavanols (catechins, procyanidins) by gut microbiota has been extensively characterized. Comparatively little is known about accumulation of flavanols and their metabolites in the colon tissues, particularly during chronic exposure to low doses. Mice were fed low doses of cocoa flavanols for 12 weeks. Supplementation of the control diet with flavanols did not increase colonic tissue accumulation of flavanols nor microbial metabolites versus control. The type of cocoa flavanols did not affect colonic tissue accumulation of native flavanols or metabolites. Total phenolic content of the diets indicated that these results are not explained by background levels of undetected phenolics in the control diet. This is the longest known chronic flavanol feeding study to examine colonic tissue accumulation. Vast differences appear to exist between acute high doses and chronic low doses, to which gut microbiota and epithelium adapt. These results indicate that the fate of flavanols in the colon during chronic exposure is not fully understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katheryn M Goodrich
- Department of Food Science and Technology, ‡Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, and #Metabolic Phenotyping Core Facility, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
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136
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Yamada S, Koyama T, Noguchi H, Ueda Y, Kitsuyama R, Shimizu H, Tanimoto A, Wang KY, Nawata A, Nakayama T, Sasaguri Y, Satoh T. Marine hydroquinone zonarol prevents inflammation and apoptosis in dextran sulfate sodium-induced mice ulcerative colitis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113509. [PMID: 25409433 PMCID: PMC4237432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM We previously identified an anti-inflammatory compound, zonarol, a hydroquinone isolated from the brown algae Dictyopteris undulata as a marine natural product. To ascertain the in vivo functions of zonarol, we examined the pharmacological effects of zonarol administration on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced inflammation in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis (UC). Our goal is to establish a safe and effective cure for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using zonarol. METHODS AND RESULTS We subjected Slc:ICR mice to the administration of 2% DSS in drinking water for 14 days. At the same time, 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) at a dose of 50 mg/kg (positive control) and zonarol at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg, were given orally once a day. DSS-treated animals developed symptoms similar to those of human UC, such as severe bloody diarrhea, which were evaluated by the disease activity index (DAI). Treatment with 20 mg/kg of zonarol, as well as 5-ASA, significantly suppressed the DAI score, and also led to a reduced colonic ulcer length and/or mucosal inflammatory infiltration by various immune cells, especially macrophages. Zonarol treatment significantly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory signaling molecules, and prevented the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells. Finally, zonarol protected against in vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation in the RAW264.7 mouse macrophage cell line. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report that a marine bioproduct protects against experimental UC via the inhibition of both inflammation and apoptosis, very similar to the standard-of-care sulfasalazine, a well-known prodrug that releases 5-ASA. We believe that the oral administration of zonarol might offer a better treatment for human IBDs than 5-ASA, or may be useful as an alternative/additive therapeutic strategy against UC, without any evidence of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohsuke Yamada
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koyama
- Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods Science, Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Noguchi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yuki Ueda
- Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods Science, Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Ryo Kitsuyama
- Department of Welfare Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroya Shimizu
- Department of Welfare Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8551, Japan
| | - Akihide Tanimoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Ke-Yong Wang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
- Shared-Use Research Center, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Aya Nawata
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nakayama
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sasaguri
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
- Laboratory of Pathology, Fukuoka Wajiro Hospital, Fukuoka 811-0213, Japan
| | - Takumi Satoh
- Department of Welfare Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8551, Japan
- Department of Anti-Aging Food Research, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji 192-0982, Japan
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137
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Cosyns SMR, Huyghe L, Thoonen R, Stasch JP, Brouckaert P, Lefebvre RA. Influence of cinaciguat on gastrointestinal motility in apo-sGC mice. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014; 26:1573-85. [PMID: 25200007 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cinaciguat (BAY 58-2667), an NO- and heme-independent sGC activator, was shown to be more effective when the heme-group of sGC is oxidized in vascular tissue. In apo-sGC mice (sGCβ1 (His105Phe) knockin) both sGC isoforms (sGCα1 β1 and sGCα2 β1 ) are heme-deficient and can no longer be activated by NO; these mice, showing decreased gastrointestinal nitrergic relaxation and decreased gastric emptying, can be considered as a model to study the consequence of heme-oxidation in sGC. Our aim was to compare the influence of cinaciguat, on in vitro muscle tone of gastrointestinal tissues, and on gastric emptying in WT and apo-sGC mice. METHODS Gastrointestinal smooth muscle strips were mounted in organ baths for isometric force recording and cGMP levels were determined by enzyme immunoassay. Protein levels of sGC subunits were assessed by immunoblotting. Gastric emptying was determined by phenol red recovery. KEY RESULTS Although protein levels of the sGC subunits were lower in gastrointestinal tissues of apo-sGC mice, cinaciguat induced concentration-dependent relaxations and increased cGMP levels in apo-sGC fundus and colon to a similar or greater extent than in WT mice. The sGC inhibitor ODQ increased cinaciguat-induced relaxations and cGMP levels in WT fundus and colon. In apo-sGC antrum, pylorus and jejunum, cinaciguat was not able to induce relaxations. Cinaciguat did not improve delayed gastric emptying in apo-sGC mice. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Cinaciguat relaxes the fundus and colon efficiently when sGC is in the heme-free condition; the non-effect of cinaciguat in pylorus explains its inability to improve the delayed gastric emptying in apo-sGC mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M R Cosyns
- Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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138
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Muñoz-González I, Espinosa-Martos I, Rodríguez JM, Jiménez-Girón A, Martín-Álvarez PJ, Bartolomé B, Moreno-Arribas MV. Moderate consumption of red wine can modulate human intestinal inflammatory response. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:10567-10575. [PMID: 25263395 DOI: 10.1021/jf503310c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 24 immune markers were analyzed in feces from healthy volunteers (n = 34) before and after consumption of a red wine (12% ethanol, 1758 mg/L total polyphenols) for 4 weeks. Analysis of the data permitted the differentiation of a six-volunteer subgroup showing unusually high basal values of cytokines. For this subgroup, consumption of wine significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the content of 16 markers to usual values, especially noticeable for those cytokines that promote initial inflammation (TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ). On the contrary, no significant differences in the concentration of any immune marker were observed after wine consumption for the rest of the volunteers. Additionally, significant and negative correlations among cytokines IFN-γ, IL-8, and IL-6 and the total fecal content of phenolic metabolites were found for the high-cytokines-values subgroup, before wine intake. This study shows, for the first time, that moderate consumption of red wine could modulate inflammatory intestinal response in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Muñoz-González
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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139
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Louis P, Hold GL, Flint HJ. The gut microbiota, bacterial metabolites and colorectal cancer. Nat Rev Microbiol 2014; 12:661-72. [PMID: 25198138 DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro3344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1708] [Impact Index Per Article: 170.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the human intestinal microbiota contributes to the aetiology of colorectal cancer (CRC), not only via the pro-carcinogenic activities of specific pathogens but also via the influence of the wider microbial community, particularly its metabolome. Recent data have shown that the short-chain fatty acids acetate, propionate and butyrate function in the suppression of inflammation and cancer, whereas other microbial metabolites, such as secondary bile acids, promote carcinogenesis. In this Review, we discuss the relationship between diet, microbial metabolism and CRC and argue that the cumulative effects of microbial metabolites should be considered in order to better predict and prevent cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Louis
- Microbiology Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Greenburn Road, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK
| | - Georgina L Hold
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Harry J Flint
- Microbiology Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Greenburn Road, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK
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Choy YY, Quifer-Rada P, Holstege DM, Frese SA, Calvert CC, Mills DA, Lamuela-Raventos RM, Waterhouse AL. Phenolic metabolites and substantial microbiome changes in pig feces by ingesting grape seed proanthocyanidins. Food Funct 2014; 5:2298-308. [PMID: 25066634 PMCID: PMC4744461 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00325j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidin (PAC) consumption has been linked to better colonic health, but PACs are poorly absorbed, making them a target for colonic metabolism. The resulting metabolites are low molecular weight and could potentially be absorbed. To understand the effects of dietary PACs it would be important to resolve the metabolic issue and link these changes to microbial population changes in a suitable model for human digestion. Here, six crossbred female pigs were fed a diet containing 1% (w/w) of MegaNatural® Gold grape seed extract (GSE) daily for 6 days. Fecal samples were analyzed by normal phase LC coupled to fluorescence detection and LC-MS/ToF. DNA was extracted from pig fecal samples and the V3/V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq. Intact parent PACs (dimer-pentamer) were observed in the feces on days 3 and 6 at similar high levels (∼400 mg kg(-1) total) during ingestion of GSE but were absent 48 h post-feeding. The major phenolic metabolites were 4-hydroxyphenylvaleric acid and 3-hydroxybenzoic acid which increased by ∼30 and 3 mg kg(-1) respectively. The GSE diet also caused an ecological shift in the microbiome, dramatically increasing Lachnospiraceae, Clostridales, Lactobacillus and Ruminococcacceae. The relationship between dietary PACs and colon health may be attributable to the altered bacterial populations or phenolic compounds in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yng Choy
- Department of Viticulture & Enology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-8749, USA.
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Brown EM, Latimer C, Allsopp P, Ternan NG, McMullan G, McDougall GJ, Stewart D, Crozier A, Rowland I, Gill CIR. In vitro and in vivo models of colorectal cancer: antigenotoxic activity of berries. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:3852-3866. [PMID: 24447259 DOI: 10.1021/jf4050759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of colorectal cancer (CRC), a common cause of cancer-related mortality globally, has strong associations with diet. There is considerable epidemiological evidence that fruits and vegetables are associated with reduced risk of CRC. This paper reviews the extensive evidence, both from in vitro studies and animal models, that components of berry fruits can modulate biomarkers of DNA damage and that these effects may be potentially chemoprotective, given the likely role that oxidative damage plays in mutation rate and cancer risk. Human intervention trials with berries are generally consistent in indicating a capacity to significantly decrease oxidative damage to DNA, but represent limited evidence for anticarcinogenicity, relying as they do on surrogate risk markers. To understand the effects of berry consumption on colorectal cancer risk, future studies will need to be well controlled, with defined berry extracts, using suitable and clinically relevant end points and considering the importance of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Brown
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster , Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, U.K
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Borsato DM, Prudente AS, Döll-Boscardin PM, Borsato AV, Luz CFP, Maia BHLNS, Cabrini DA, Otuki MF, Miguel MD, Farago PV, Miguel OG. Topical anti-inflammatory activity of a monofloral honey of Mimosa scabrella provided by Melipona marginata during winter in southern Brazil. J Med Food 2014; 17:817-25. [PMID: 24650139 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Melipona marginata is an endangered species of stingless bee from Brazil that produces honey with particular physicochemical features and a remarkable exotic flavor. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report devoted to exploring the medicinal potential of this honey. Thus, the aim of this paper was to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory activity of honey extract from M. marginata on skin inflammation. The honey sample was classified as a monofloral honey of Mimosa scabrella. The presence of 11 phenolic compounds as kaempferol and caffeic acid was detected using the high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-UV-ESI-MS) method. The anti-inflammatory activity was measured using a 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced ear edema model of inflammation in mice. The topical application of the M. marginata honey extract (1.0 mg/ear) was able to reduce ear edema with an inhibitory effect of 54 ± 5%. This extract decreased the myeloperoxidase activity in 75 ± 3%, which suggests a lower leucocyte infiltration that was confirmed by histological analysis. This extract also provided a reduction of 55 ± 14% in the production of reactive oxygen species. This anti-inflammatory activity could be due to a synergic effect of the phenolic compounds identified in the honey sample. Taken together, these results open up new possibilities for the use of M. marginata honey extract in skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora M Borsato
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná , Curitiba, Brazil
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143
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Cardona F, Andrés-Lacueva C, Tulipani S, Tinahones FJ, Queipo-Ortuño MI. Benefits of polyphenols on gut microbiota and implications in human health. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 24:1415-22. [PMID: 23849454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 950] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The biological properties of dietary polyphenols are greatly dependent on their bioavailability that, in turn, is largely influenced by their degree of polymerization. The gut microbiota play a key role in modulating the production, bioavailability and, thus, the biological activities of phenolic metabolites, particularly after the intake of food containing high-molecular-weight polyphenols. In addition, evidence is emerging on the activity of dietary polyphenols on the modulation of the colonic microbial population composition or activity. However, although the great range of health-promoting activities of dietary polyphenols has been widely investigated, their effect on the modulation of the gut ecology and the two-way relationship "polyphenols ↔ microbiota" are still poorly understood. Only a few studies have examined the impact of dietary polyphenols on the human gut microbiota, and most were focused on single polyphenol molecules and selected bacterial populations. This review focuses on the reciprocal interactions between the gut microbiota and polyphenols, the mechanisms of action and the consequences of these interactions on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Cardona
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Biomédicas del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria (FIMABIS), Málaga, Spain.
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144
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Fernández-Millán E, Ramos S, Alvarez C, Bravo L, Goya L, Martín MÁ. Microbial phenolic metabolites improve glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and protect pancreatic beta cells against tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced toxicity via ERKs and PKC pathways. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 66:245-53. [PMID: 24491264 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is accepted as one of the causes of beta cell failure in type 2 diabetes. Therefore, identification of natural antioxidant agents that preserve beta cell mass and function is considered an interesting strategy to prevent or treat diabetes. Recent evidences indicated that colonic metabolites derived from flavonoids could possess beneficial effects on various tissues. The aim of this work was to establish the potential anti-diabetic properties of the microbial-derived flavonoid metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DHPAA), 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) and 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid (HPPA). To this end, we tested their ability to influence beta cell function and to protect against tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced beta cell toxicity. DHPAA and HPPA were able to potentiate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in a beta cell line INS-1E and in rat pancreatic islets. Moreover, pre-treatment of cells with both compounds protected against beta cell dysfunction and death induced by the pro-oxidant. Finally, experiments with pharmacological inhibitors indicate that these effects were mediated by the activation of protein kinase C and the extracellular regulated kinases pathways. Altogether, these findings strongly suggest that the microbial-derived flavonoid metabolites DHPAA and HPPA may have anti-diabetic potential by promoting survival and function of pancreatic beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Fernández-Millán
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Ramos
- Departamento de Metabolismo y Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Alvarez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Bravo
- Departamento de Metabolismo y Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Goya
- Departamento de Metabolismo y Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Martín
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Metabolismo y Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
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145
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Bordonaro M, Venema K, Putri AK, Lazarova D. Approaches that ascertain the role of dietary compounds in colonic cancer cells. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2014; 6:1-10. [PMID: 24578783 PMCID: PMC3936191 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v6.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Preventive approaches against cancer have not been fully developed and applied. For example, the incidence of some types of cancer, including colon cancer, is highly dependent upon lifestyle, and therefore, amenable to prevention. Among the lifestyle factors, diet strongly affects the incidence of colon cancer; however, there are no definitive dietary recommendations that protect against this malignancy. The association between diet-derived bioactives and development of colonic neoplasms will remain ill defined if we do not take into account: (1) the identity of the metabolites present in the colonic lumen; (2) their concentrations in the colon; and (3) the effect of the colonic contents on the function of individual bioactives. We review two approaches that address these questions: the use of fecal water and in vitro models of the human colon. Compared to treatment with individual diet-derived compounds, the exposure of colon cancer cells to samples from fecal water or human colon simulators mimics closer the in vitro conditions and allows for more reliable studies on the effects of diet on colon cancer development. The rationale and the advantages of these strategies are discussed from the perspective of a specific question on how to analyze the combined effect of two types of bioactives, butyrate and polyphenol metabolites, on colon cancer cells.
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146
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van Duynhoven J, Vaughan EE, van Dorsten F, Gomez-Roldan V, de Vos R, Vervoort J, van der Hooft JJJ, Roger L, Draijer R, Jacobs DM. Interactions of black tea polyphenols with human gut microbiota: implications for gut and cardiovascular health. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98:1631S-1641S. [PMID: 24172295 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.058263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have convincingly associated consumption of black tea with reduced cardiovascular risk. Research on the bioactive molecules has traditionally been focused on polyphenols, such as catechins. Black tea polyphenols (BTPs), however, mainly consist of high-molecular-weight species that predominantly persist in the colon. There, they can undergo a wide range of bioconversions by the resident colonic microbiota but can in turn also modulate gut microbial diversity. The impact of BTPs on colon microbial composition can now be assessed by microbiomics technologies. Novel metabolomics platforms coupled to de novo identification are currently available to cover the large diversity of BTP bioconversions by the gut microbiota. Nutrikinetic modeling has been proven to be critical for defining nutritional phenotypes related to gut microbial bioconversion capacity. The bioactivity of circulating metabolites has been studied only to a certain extent. Bioassays dedicated to specific aspects of gut and cardiovascular health have been used, although often at physiologically irrelevant concentrations and with limited coverage of relevant metabolite classes and their conjugated forms. Evidence for cardiovascular benefits of BTPs points toward antiinflammatory and blood pressure-lowering properties and improvement in platelet and endothelial function for specific microbial bioconversion products. Clearly, more work is needed to fill in existing knowledge gaps and to assess the in vitro and in vivo bioactivity of known and newly identified BTP metabolites. It is also of interest to assess how phenotypic variation in gut microbial BTP bioconversion capacity relates to gut and cardiovascular health predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- John van Duynhoven
- From Unilever Discover Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, Netherlands (JvD, EEV, FvD, LR, RD, and DMJ); the Laboratory of Biophysics and Wageningen NMR Centre (JvD and JV), and the Laboratory of Biochemistry (JV and JJJvdH), Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; Plant Research International, Wageningen, Netherlands (VG-R, RdV, and JJJvdH); the Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, Netherlands (JvD, FvD, RdV, JV, JJJvdH, and DMJ); and the Centre for Biosystems Genomics, Wageningen, Netherlands (RdV and VG-R)
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147
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Nieman DC, Gillitt ND, Knab AM, Shanely RA, Pappan KL, Jin F, Lila MA. Influence of a polyphenol-enriched protein powder on exercise-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in athletes: a randomized trial using a metabolomics approach. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72215. [PMID: 23967286 PMCID: PMC3744465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Polyphenol supplementation was tested as a countermeasure to inflammation and oxidative stress induced by 3-d intensified training. Methods Water soluble polyphenols from blueberry and green tea extracts were captured onto a polyphenol soy protein complex (PSPC). Subjects were recruited, and included 38 long-distance runners ages 19–45 years who regularly competed in road races. Runners successfully completing orientation and baseline testing (N = 35) were randomized to 40 g/d PSPC (N = 17) (2,136 mg/d gallic acid equivalents) or placebo (N = 18) for 17 d using double-blinded methods and a parallel group design, with a 3-d running period inserted at day 14 (2.5 h/d, 70% VO2max). Blood samples were collected pre- and post-14 d supplementation, and immediately and 14 h after the third day of running in subjects completing all aspects of the study (N = 16 PSPC, N = 15 placebo), and analyzed using a metabolomics platform with GC-MS and LC-MS. Results Metabolites characteristic of gut bacteria metabolism of polyphenols were increased with PSPC and 3 d running (e.g., hippurate, 4-hydroxyhippurate, 4-methylcatechol sulfate, 1.8-, 1.9-, 2.5-fold, respectively, P<0.05), an effect which persisted for 14-h post-exercise. Fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis were induced by exercise in both groups, with more ketones at 14-h post-exercise in PSPC (3-hydroxybutyrate, 1.8-fold, P<0.05). Established biomarkers for inflammation (CRP, cytokines) and oxidative stress (protein carbonyls) did not differ between groups. Conclusions PSPC supplementation over a 17-d period did not alter established biomarkers for inflammation and oxidative stress but was linked to an enhanced gut-derived phenolic signature and ketogenesis in runners during recovery from 3-d heavy exertion. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, U.S. National Institutes of Health, identifier:
NCT01775384
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Nieman
- Human Performance Laboratory, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina, United States of America.
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148
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Non-extractable polyphenols, a major dietary antioxidant: occurrence, metabolic fate and health effects. Nutr Res Rev 2013; 26:118-29. [PMID: 23930641 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422413000097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Current research on dietary antioxidants misses the so-called non-extractable polyphenols (NEPP), which are not significantly released from the food matrix either by mastication, acid pH in the stomach or action of digestive enzymes, reaching the colon nearly intact. NEPP, not detected by the usual analytical procedures, are made up of macromolecules and single phenolic compounds associated with macromolecules. Therefore, NEPP are not included in food and dietary intake data nor in bioavailability, intervention or observational studies. The present paper aims to provide an overview of dietary NEPP - nature, occurrence in diet, metabolic fate and possible health effects. NEPP are a relevant fraction of dietary polyphenols exerting their main biological action in the colon, where they are extensively fermented by the action of microbiota, giving place to absorbable metabolites. NEPP exhibit different potential health-related properties, in particular in relation to gastrointestinal health, such as increases in antioxidant and antiproliferative capacities, reduction of intestinal tumorigenesis and modification of gene expression, as observed in different animal models. Further research into NEPP may provide a better understanding of the health effects of dietary antioxidants.
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149
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Lutz M, Castro E, García L, Henríquez C. Bioavailability of phenolic compounds in grape juice cv. Autumn Royal. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2013.793213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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150
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Nunes C, Ferreira E, Freitas V, Almeida L, Barbosa RM, Laranjinha J. Intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of red wine extract: unveiling the mechanisms in colonic epithelial cells. Food Funct 2012; 4:373-83. [PMID: 23233037 DOI: 10.1039/c2fo30233k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of new therapeutic approaches, combining efficacy and safety against intestinal inflammation, notably inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), has emerged as an important goal due to the significant side effects and the lack of effectiveness of standard current therapies. Recently, several studies described the health-promoting effects of red wine, including anti-inflammatory properties, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its beneficial role remain largely unknown. Red wine is rich in phenolic compounds and it has been suggested that the positive effect of red wine intake might be attributed not only to the antioxidant properties of these compounds but also to the modulation of signalling cascades in connection with physiological and pathophysiological conditions such as inflammatory processes. This study assesses the potential anti-inflammatory action of a red wine extract (RWE) enriched in polyphenols in a cellular model of intestinal inflammation using cytokines-stimulated HT-29 colon epithelial cells. RWE suppressed cytokines-induced IκB degradation and interleukin-8 production in a dose-dependent manner. Coherently, key inflammatory mediators downstream NF-κB activation; notably cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase were maintained at low levels by RWE in the presence of the cytokines. Additionally, RWE inhibited both the increase of nitric oxide derived from iNOS and of protein tyrosine nitration, a biomarker of nitrosative stress that typically requires the reaction of nitric oxide with the superoxide radical. Taken together, the anti-inflammatory action of RWE, mechanistically supported by the modulation of cascades orchestrated by NF-κB and involving nitric oxide, suggests that RWE (a readily straightforward preparation when compared with the purification of specific compounds) may represent a simple and inexpensive therapeutic strategy in the context of intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Nunes
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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