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Perslev K, Msemo OA, Minja DTR, Møller SL, Theander TG, Lusingu JPA, Bygbjerg IC, Nielsen BB, Schmiegelow C. Marked reduction in fertility among African women with urogenital infections: A prospective cohort study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210421. [PMID: 30629655 PMCID: PMC6328149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is paucity of data on risk factors for reduced fertility in low-income countries. OBJECTIVE To investigate factors associated with fertility among women in rural north eastern Tanzania. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A cohort of 1248 non-pregnant women was followed with urine pregnancy testing every third month or more regularly if they reported a missed menstrual period. Pregnancy was confirmed with trans-abdominal ultrasound. Information regarding general health, socioeconomic status and obstetric-gynaecological history was collected. Factors associated with conceiving within 180 days were identified using multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Among the 1248 women, 736 were followed for 180 days and 209 of these had an ultrasound confirmed pregnancy. During the follow-up period, 169/736 women were diagnosed with urogenital infections, including suspected sexually transmitted or reproductive tract infections, urinary tract infection, and vaginal candidiasis. Urogenital infections were significantly associated with reduced odds of conceiving within 180 days (adjusted OR (AOR) 0.21, 95% CI 0.11-0.36). Being above 30 years of age was also negatively associated with odds of conceiving (AOR 0.45, 95% CI 0.26-0.77). In contrast, women who recently stopped using hormonal contraceptives (AOR 2.86, 95% CI 1.45-5.70) and women with low socioeconomic status (AOR 1.56, 95% CI 1.04-2.33) were significantly more likely to become pregnant within 180 days. CONCLUSION Urogenital infection seems to be a major health factor associated with reduced chances of conceiving. Considering the availability of effective treatment options for these diseases, public health authorities should increase awareness of diagnostic tools in settings with limited resources in order to improve fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Perslev
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - O. A. Msemo
- National Institute for Medical Research, Korogwe, Tanga, Tanzania
| | - D. T. R. Minja
- National Institute for Medical Research, Korogwe, Tanga, Tanzania
| | - S. L. Møller
- Division of Global Health, Department of Public Health, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T. G. Theander
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J. P. A. Lusingu
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Institute for Medical Research, Korogwe, Tanga, Tanzania
| | - I. C. Bygbjerg
- Division of Global Health, Department of Public Health, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B. B. Nielsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - C. Schmiegelow
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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A Comparison of Prediction of Adverse Perinatal Outcomes between Hadlock and INTERGROWTH-21 st Standards at the Third Trimester. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7698038. [PMID: 30729130 PMCID: PMC6343179 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7698038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the clinical value of the Hadlock and INTERGROWTH-21st EFW standards for predicting adverse perinatal outcomes (APOs) in the third trimester. The purpose of this study was to study the association between low estimated fetal weight percentile (EFWc) in the third trimester and the risk of APOs and compare predictions of APOs between Hadlock and INTERGROWTH-21st EFW standards. A prospective cohort of 690 singleton pregnancies with ultrasonography performed in the third trimester between March 2015 and March 2016 in China was conducted. EFW and the corresponding EFWc were measured using the Hadlock and INTERGROWTH-21st standards, respectively. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the relationship between low EFWc (i.e., <5 percentile, P5) and the risk of APOs. Compared with fetuses with ≥P5 of the EFWc, fetuses with <P5 of the EFWc were much more likely to have an APO, with adjusted hazard ratios of 35.0 (95% confidence interval, 13.9-88.5) and 17.5 (7.7-39.6) for the Hadlock and INTERGROWTH standards, respectively. The Hadlock-EFWc had a higher predictive accuracy for APOs than the INTERGROWTH-EFWc, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.94 (0.92-0.95) and 0.90 (0.87-0.92), respectively (P=0.007). The cutoff value for the INTERGROWTH-EFWc was percentile 11.61 with a sensitivity and specificity of 87.9% and 80.5%, respectively. For the Hadlock-EFWc, the corresponding sensitivity and specificity were 93.9% and 81.2%, with a cutoff value of percentile 8.65. Fetuses with low EFWc (i.e., <P5) were associated with an increased risk of APOs. APOs were more accurately predicted when EFWc was measured by the Hadlock standard than by the INTERGROWTH-21st standard.
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Price JT, Winston J, Vwalika B, Cole SR, Stoner MCD, Lubeya MK, Kumwenda A, Stringer JSA. Quantifying bias between reported last menstrual period and ultrasonography estimates of gestational age in Lusaka, Zambia. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2019; 144:9-15. [PMID: 30267538 PMCID: PMC6283668 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify differences in assessing preterm delivery when calculating gestational age from last menstrual period (LMP) versus ultrasonography biometry. METHODS The Zambian Preterm Birth Prevention Study is an ongoing prospective cohort study that commenced enrolment in August 2015 at Women and Newborn Hospital of University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. Women at less than 20 weeks of pregnancy who were enrolled between August 17, 2015, and August 31, 2017, and underwent ultrasonography examination were included in the present analysis. The primary outcome was the difference between ultrasonography- and LMP-based estimated gestational age. Associations between baseline predictors and outcomes were assessed using simple regression. The proportion of preterm deliveries using LMP- and ultrasonography-derived gestational dating was calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS The analysis included 942 women. The discrepancy between estimating gestational age using ultrasonography and LMP increased with greater gestational age at presentation and among patients with no history of preterm delivery. In a Kaplan-Meier analysis of 692 deliveries, 140 (20.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 17.7-23.0) and 79 (11.4%, 95% CI 9.6-13.6) deliveries were classified as preterm by LMP and ultrasonography estimates, respectively. CONCLUSION Taking ultrasonography as a standard, a bias was observed in LMP-based gestational age estimates, which increased with advancing gestation at presentation. This resulted in misclassification of term deliveries as preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan T. Price
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Women and Newborn Hospital, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Jennifer Winston
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bellington Vwalika
- Women and Newborn Hospital, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Stephen R. Cole
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Marie C. D. Stoner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mwansa K. Lubeya
- Women and Newborn Hospital, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Andrew Kumwenda
- Women and Newborn Hospital, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Jeffrey S. A. Stringer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Choux C, Ginod P, Barberet J, Rousseau T, Bruno C, Sagot P, Astruc K, Fauque P. Placental volume and other first-trimester outcomes: are there differences between fresh embryo transfer, frozen-thawed embryo transfer and natural conception? Reprod Biomed Online 2018; 38:538-548. [PMID: 30850320 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Does mode of conception influence placental volume and other first-trimester outcomes? DESIGN This retrospective single-centre case-control study led in Dijon University Hospital included 252 singleton pregnancies (84 IVF with either fresh embryo transfer or frozen-thawed embryo transfer [FET] and 168 natural conceptions). First-trimester placental volume, uterine artery pulsatility index and maternal serum PAPP-A and beta-HCG were measured. Statistical analyses were adjusted for gestational age, the newborn's gender, maternal age, parity, body mass index and smoking status. RESULTS Placental volume was significantly greater in the FET group than in the control group (P = 0.043) and fresh embryo transfer (P = 0.023) groups. At birth, fresh embryo transfer newborns were significantly smaller than controls (P = 0.01) and FET newborns (P = 0.008). Postpartum haemorrhage was far more frequent in FET than in controls and fresh embryo transfer group (38.1%, 2.6% and 1.9%, respectively; P < 0.0001). Placental volume positively correlated with PAPP-A, beta-HCG and the newborn's birth weight, and negatively correlated with uterine artery pulsatility index. CONCLUSIONS Placental volume and other first-trimester parameters are modified by IVF with fresh embryo transfer and FET compared with natural conception, but with opposite trends. Given the different protocols used for these techniques, hormonal treatment per se may have a major effect on pregnancy outcomes through the modification of placental invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Choux
- Dijon University Hospital, Fetal Health and Infertility Department, Dijon F-21000, France.
| | - Perrine Ginod
- Dijon University Hospital, Fetal Health and Infertility Department, Dijon F-21000, France
| | - Julie Barberet
- Dijon University Hospital, Reproductive Biology Department, Dijon F-21000, France
| | - Thierry Rousseau
- Dijon University Hospital, Fetal Health and Infertility Department, Dijon F-21000, France
| | - Céline Bruno
- Dijon University Hospital, Reproductive Biology Department, Dijon F-21000, France
| | - Paul Sagot
- Dijon University Hospital, Fetal Health and Infertility Department, Dijon F-21000, France
| | - Karine Astruc
- Dijon University Hospital, Epidemiology Unit, Dijon F-21000, France
| | - Patricia Fauque
- Dijon University Hospital, Reproductive Biology Department, Dijon F-21000, France
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Msemo OA, Bygbjerg IC, Møller SL, Nielsen BB, Ødum L, Perslev K, Lusingu JPA, Kavishe RA, Minja DTR, Schmiegelow C. Prevalence and risk factors of preconception anemia: A community based cross sectional study of rural women of reproductive age in northeastern Tanzania. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208413. [PMID: 30562390 PMCID: PMC6298689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anemia is a major public health problem that adversely affects pregnancy outcomes. The prevalence of anemia among pregnant women before conception is not well known in Tanzania. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, types, and risk factors of preconception anemia in women of reproductive age from a rural Tanzanian setting. METHODS Trained field workers visited households to identify all female residents aged 18-40 years and invited them to the nearby health facility for screening and enrolment into this study. Baseline samples were collected to measure hemoglobin levels, serum ferritin, vitamin B12, folate, C-reactive protein, alanine amino-transferase, the presence of malaria, HIV, and soil transmitted helminth infections. Anthropometric and socio-economic data were recorded alongside with clinical information of participants. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the adjusted odds ratios (AOR) for the factors associated with preconception anemia. FINDINGS Of 1248 women enrolled before conception, 36.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 34.1-39.4) had anemia (hemoglobin <12 g/dL) and 37.6% (95% CI 34.9-40.4) had iron deficiency. For more than half of the anemic cases, iron deficiency was also diagnosed (58.8%, 95% CI 54.2-63.3). Anemia was independently associated with increased age (AOR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03-1.07), malaria infection at enrolment (AOR 2.21, 95% CI 1.37-3.58), inflammation (AOR 1.77, 95% CI 1.21-2.60) and iron deficiency (AOR 4.68, 95% CI 3.55-6.17). The odds of anemia were reduced among women with increased mid-upper arm circumference (AOR 0.90, 95% CI 0.84-0.96). CONCLUSION Anemia among women of reproductive age before conception was prevalent in this rural setting. Increased age, iron deficiency, malaria infection and inflammation were significant risk factors associated with preconception anemia, whereas increased mid-upper arm circumference was protective against anemia. Interventions to ensure adequate iron levels as well as malaria control before conception are needed to prevent anemia before and during pregnancy and improve birth outcomes in this setting. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02191683.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omari A. Msemo
- National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Centre, Tanga, Tanzania
| | - Ib C. Bygbjerg
- Section of Global Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofie L. Møller
- Section of Global Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte B. Nielsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Ødum
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Roskilde Hospital, Rokslide, Denmark
| | - Kathrine Perslev
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Christentze Schmiegelow
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Castillo MC, Fuseini NM, Rittenhouse K, Price JT, Freeman BL, Mwape H, Winston J, Sindano N, Baruch-Gravett C, Chi BH, Kasaro MP, Litch JA, Stringer JS, Vwalika B. The Zambian Preterm Birth Prevention Study (ZAPPS): Cohort characteristics at enrollment. Gates Open Res 2018; 2:25. [PMID: 30706053 PMCID: PMC6350406 DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.12820.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background:Sub-Saharan Africa bears a disproportionate burden of preterm birth and other adverse outcomes. A better understanding of the demographic, clinical, and biologic underpinnings of these adverse outcomes is urgently needed to plan interventions and inform new discovery. Methods:The Zambian Preterm Birth Prevention Study (ZAPPS) is a prospective observational cohort established at the Women and Newborn Hospital (WNH) in Lusaka, Zambia. We recruit pregnant women from district health centers and the WNH and offer ultrasound examination to determine eligibility. Participants receive routine obstetrical care, lab testing, midtrimester cervical length measurement, and serial fetal growth monitoring. At delivery, we assess gestational age, birthweight, vital status, and sex and assign a delivery phenotype. We collect blood, urine, and vaginal swab specimens at scheduled visits and store them in an on-site biorepository. In September 2017, enrollment of the ZAPPS Phase 1 - the subject of this report - was completed. Phase 2 - which is limited to HIV-uninfected women - reopened in January 2018. Results:Between August 2015 and September 2017, we screened 1784 women, of whom 1450 (81.2%) met inclusion criteria and were enrolled. The median age at enrollment was 27 years (IQR 23-32) and thee median gestational age was 16 weeks (IQR 13-18). Among parous women (N=866; 64%), 21% (N=182) reported a prior miscarriage, 49% (N=424) reported a prior preterm birth, and 13% (N=116) reported a prior stillbirth. The HIV seroprevalence was 24%. Discussion:We have established a large cohort of pregnant women and newborns at the WHN to characterize the determinants of adverse birth outcomes in Lusaka, Zambia. Our overarching goal is to elucidate biological mechanisms in an effort to identify new strategies for early detection and prevention of adverse outcomes. We hope that findings from this cohort will help guide future studies, clinical care, and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nurain M. Fuseini
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Global Projects Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Katelyn Rittenhouse
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Global Projects Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Joan T. Price
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Global Projects Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | | | - Jennifer Winston
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Benjamin H. Chi
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Margaret P. Kasaro
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Global Projects Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - James A. Litch
- Global Alliance for the Prevention of Prematurity and Stillbirth, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Bellington Vwalika
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
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107
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Ohuma EO, Altman DG. Statistical methodology for constructing gestational age-related charts using cross-sectional and longitudinal data: The INTERGROWTH-21 st project as a case study. Stat Med 2018; 38:3507-3526. [PMID: 30488491 PMCID: PMC6767451 DOI: 10.1002/sim.8018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Most studies aiming to construct reference or standard charts use a cross-sectional design, collecting one measurement per participant. Reference or standard charts can also be constructed using a longitudinal design, collecting multiple measurements per participant. The choice of appropriate statistical methodology is important as inaccurate centiles resulting from inferior methods can lead to incorrect judgements about fetal or newborn size, resulting in suboptimal clinical care. Reference or standard centiles should ideally provide the best fit to the data, change smoothly with age (eg, gestational age), use as simple a statistical model as possible without compromising model fit, and allow the computation of Z-scores from centiles to simplify assessment of individuals and enable comparison with different populations. Significance testing and goodness-of-fit statistics are usually used to discriminate between models. However, these methods tend not to be useful when examining large data sets as very small differences are statistically significant even if the models are indistinguishable on actual centile plots. Choosing the best model from amongst many is therefore not trivial. Model choice should not be based on statistical considerations (or tests) alone as sometimes the best model may not necessarily offer the best fit to the raw data across gestational age. In this paper, we describe the most commonly applied methodologies available for the construction of age-specific reference or standard centiles for cross-sectional and longitudinal data: Fractional polynomial regression, LMS, LMST, LMSP, and multilevel regression methods. For illustration, we used data from the INTERGROWTH-21st Project, ie, newborn weight (cross-sectional) and fetal head circumference (longitudinal) data as examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric O Ohuma
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.,Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Douglas G Altman
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
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Thielemans L, Hashmi A, Priscilla DD, Kho Paw M, Pimolsorntong T, Ngerseng T, Van Overmeire B, Proux S, Nosten F, McGready R, Carrara VI, Bancone G. Laboratory validation and field usability assessment of a point-of-care test for serum bilirubin levels in neonates in a tropical setting. Wellcome Open Res 2018; 3:110. [PMID: 30271889 PMCID: PMC6137410 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14767.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Screening and monitoring serum bilirubin (SBR) in neonates is crucial to prevent neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NH)-associated morbidity and mortality worldwide. A lack of resources is often a barrier for measuring SBR in developing countries. Reliable, cost-effective, easy to use point-of-care (POC) SBR tests are needed. This study aimed to evaluate the technical accuracy and usability of the Bilistick System (BS), a new bilirubin POC test, in a tropical setting. Methods: This was a mixed-methods study, including laboratory validation of the BS, direct observation of technical procedures as performed by the midwives and midwives' assessment of the device's easiness of use through focus group discussions (FGD) and a self-administered questionnaire. The study was conducted in a field clinic of the Shoklo Malaria Research Unit along the Thailand-Myanmar border between January and December 2017. Results: A total of 173 samples were tested at a median age of 4 days. BS generated an error message-providing no SBR readout-in 48.6% of the tests performed. For the tests that yielded a result, the correlation coefficient (95% CI) between BS and routine laboratory bilirubinometer SBR was 0.87 (0.77-0.93). The accuracy decreased with increasing haematocrit and at higher humidity (≥75%). Direct observation of the operators using the device and analysis of the focus group discussions and questionnaires indicated that the BS was considered easy to use and required limited training. Conclusions: This evaluation showed that the BS, in its current formulation, does not provide reliable results for measuring SBR in a tropical, low-resource setting but has acceptable usability features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Thielemans
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, 63110, Thailand
- Neonatology, Cliniques Universitaires de Bruxelles - Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, 1070, Belgium
| | - Ahmar Hashmi
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, 63110, Thailand
| | - Dah Dah Priscilla
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, 63110, Thailand
| | - Moo Kho Paw
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, 63110, Thailand
| | - Tekel Pimolsorntong
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, 63110, Thailand
| | - Thatsanun Ngerseng
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Bart Van Overmeire
- Neonatology, Cliniques Universitaires de Bruxelles - Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, 1070, Belgium
| | - Stephane Proux
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, 63110, Thailand
| | - François Nosten
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, 63110, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Rose McGready
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, 63110, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Verena I. Carrara
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, 63110, Thailand
| | - Germana Bancone
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, 63110, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
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AIUM-ACR-ACOG-SMFM-SRU Practice Parameter for the Performance of Standard Diagnostic Obstetric Ultrasound Examinations. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2018; 37:E13-E24. [PMID: 30308091 DOI: 10.1002/jum.14831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
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Ohuma EO, Altman DG. Design and other methodological considerations for the construction of human fetal and neonatal size and growth charts. Stat Med 2018; 38:3527-3539. [PMID: 30352489 PMCID: PMC6767035 DOI: 10.1002/sim.8000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper discusses the features of study design and methodological considerations for constructing reference centile charts for attained size, growth, and velocity charts with a focus on human growth charts used during pregnancy. Recent systematic reviews of pregnancy dating, fetal size, and newborn size charts showed that many studies aimed at constructing charts are still conducted poorly. Important design features such as inclusion and exclusion criteria, ultrasound quality control measures, sample size determination, anthropometric evaluation, gestational age estimation, assessment of outliers, and chart presentation are seldom well addressed, considered, or reported. Many of these charts are in clinical use today and directly affect the identification of at‐risk newborns that require treatment and nutritional strategies. This paper therefore reiterates some of the concepts previously identified as important for growth studies, focusing on considerations and concepts related to study design, sample size, and methodological considerations with an aim of obtaining valid reference or standard centile charts. We discuss some of the key issues and provide more details and practical examples based on our experiences from the INTERGROWTH‐21st Project. We discuss the statistical methodology and analyses for cross‐sectional studies and longitudinal studies in a separate article in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric O Ohuma
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.,Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Douglas G Altman
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
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[Corrections to some formulae reproduced in the "Report from the CFEF seminar on fetal biometry (June 2017)" [Gynecol. Obstet. Fertil. Senol. 10 (2017) 545-551]]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 46:753-754. [PMID: 30343035 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
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- 13, rue d'Angers, 44110 Chateaubriant, France
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Msemo OA, Schmiegelow C, Nielsen BB, Kousholt H, Grunnet LG, Christensen DL, Lusingu JPA, Møller SL, Kavishe RA, Minja DTR, Bygbjerg IC. Risk factors of pre-hypertension and hypertension among non-pregnant women of reproductive age in northeastern Tanzania: a community based cross-sectional study. Trop Med Int Health 2018; 23:1176-1187. [PMID: 30280462 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine risk factors of pre-hypertension and hypertension in a cohort of 1247 rural Tanzanian women before conception. METHODS Demographic and socioeconomic data, anthropometric measurements, past medical and obstetric history and other risk factors for pre-hypertension and hypertension were collected using a structured questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations between anthropometric indices and other risk factors of pre-hypertension and hypertension. The predictive power of different anthropometric indicators for identification of pre-hypertension and hypertension patients was determined by Receiver Operating Characteristic curves (ROC). RESULTS The median (range) age was 28.0 (18-40) years. The age-standardised prevalences of pre-hypertension and hypertension were 37.2 (95% CI 34.0-40.6) and 8.5% (95%CI 6.7-10.8), respectively. Of hypertensive patients (n = 98), only 20 (20.4%) were aware of their condition. In multivariate analysis, increasing age, obesity and haemoglobin levels were significantly associated with pre-hypertension and hypertension. CONCLUSION Despite a low prevalence of hypertension, over one third of the women had pre-hypertension. This poses a great challenge ahead as pre-hypertensive women may progress into hypertension as they grow older without appropriate interventions. Obesity was the single most important modifiable risk factor for pre-hypertension and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omari A Msemo
- National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Centre, Tanga, Tanzania
| | - Christentze Schmiegelow
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte B Nielsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hannah Kousholt
- Section of Global Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise G Grunnet
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Copenhagen Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dirk L Christensen
- Section of Global Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John P A Lusingu
- National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Centre, Tanga, Tanzania
| | - Sofie L Møller
- Section of Global Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Daniel T R Minja
- National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Centre, Tanga, Tanzania
| | - Ib C Bygbjerg
- Section of Global Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ohuma EO, Njim T, Sharps MC. Current Issues in the Development of Foetal Growth References and Standards. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2018; 5:388-398. [PMID: 30596003 PMCID: PMC6290707 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-018-0168-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This paper discusses the current issues in the development of foetal charts and is informed by a scoping review of studies constructing charts between 2012 and 2018. RECENT FINDINGS The scoping review of 20 articles revealed that there is still a lack of consensus on how foetal charts should be constructed and whether an international chart that can be applied across populations is feasible. Many of these charts are in clinical use today and directly affect the identification of at risk newborns that require treatment and nutritional strategies. However, there is no agreement on important design features such as inclusion and exclusion criteria; sample size and agreement on definitions such as what constitutes a healthy population of pregnant women that can be used for constructing foetal standards. SUMMARY This paper therefore reiterates some of these current issues and the scoping review showcases the heterogeneity in the studies developing foetal charts between 2012 and 2018. There is no consensus on these pertinent issues and hence if not resolved will lead to continued surge of foetal reference and standard charts which will only exacerbate the current problem of not being able to make direct comparisons of foetal size and growth across populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric O. Ohuma
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - Tsi Njim
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA UK
| | - Megan C. Sharps
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9WL UK
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The Impact of Scientific and Technical Training on Improving Routine Collection of Antenatal Care Data for Maternal and Foetal Risk Assessment: A Case Study in the Province of South Kalimantan, Indonesia. J Pregnancy 2018; 2018:9240157. [PMID: 30302290 PMCID: PMC6158931 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9240157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives First, to assess the impact of scientific and technical training on midwives' abilities in collecting and recording the results of routine antenatal care examinations. Second, to explore midwives' views with regard to factors affecting their abilities to successfully complete the data documentation tasks. Methods The study was conducted in South Kalimantan, Indonesia (April 2016-October 2017). Nineteen urban and rural midwives were selected. Access to antenatal care information on 4,946 women (retrospective cohort study) and 381 women (prospective cohort study) was granted. A descriptive and exploratory design was used to describe midwives' abilities and challenges pertaining to timely collection and recording of results concerning antenatal care examinations. Results Scientific and technical training has significantly improved the average amount of recorded antenatal care data (from 17.5% to 62.1%, p-value < 0.0005). Lack of awareness, high workload, and insufficient skills and facilities are the main reasons for the database gaps. Conclusions The training has equipped midwives with scientific knowledge and technical abilities to allow routine collection of antenatal care data. Provision and adequate use of this information during different stages of pregnancy is crucial as an evidence-based guideline to assess maternal and foetal risk factors to ending preventable mortality.
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Thielemans L, Hashmi A, Priscilla DD, Kho Paw M, Pimolsorntong T, Ngerseng T, Van Overmeire B, Proux S, Nosten F, McGready R, Carrara VI, Bancone G. Laboratory validation and field usability assessment of a point-of-care test for serum bilirubin levels in neonates in a tropical setting. Wellcome Open Res 2018; 3:110. [PMID: 30271889 PMCID: PMC6137410 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14767.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Screening and monitoring serum bilirubin (SBR) in neonates is crucial to prevent neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NH)-associated morbidity and mortality worldwide. A lack of resources is often a barrier for measuring SBR in developing countries. Reliable, cost-effective, easy to use point-of-care (POC) SBR tests are needed. This study aimed to evaluate the technical accuracy and usability of the Bilistick System (BS), a new bilirubin POC test, in a tropical setting. Methods: This was a mixed-methods study, including laboratory validation of the BS, direct observation of technical procedures as performed by the midwives and midwives' assessment of the device's easiness of use through focus group discussions (FGD) and a self-administered questionnaire. The study was conducted in a field clinic of the Shoklo Malaria Research Unit along the Thailand-Myanmar border between January and December 2017. Results: A total of 173 samples were tested at a median age of 4 days. BS generated an error message-providing no SBR readout-in 48.6% of the tests performed. For the tests that yielded a result, the correlation coefficient (95% CI) between BS and routine laboratory bilirubinometer SBR was 0.87 (0.77-0.93). The accuracy decreased with increasing haematocrit and at higher humidity (≥75%). Direct observation of the operators using the device and analysis of the focus group discussions and questionnaires indicated that the BS was considered easy to use and required limited training. Conclusions: This evaluation showed that the BS, in its current formulation, does not provide reliable results for measuring SBR in a tropical, low-resource setting but has acceptable usability features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Thielemans
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, 63110, Thailand
- Neonatology, Cliniques Universitaires de Bruxelles - Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, 1070, Belgium
| | - Ahmar Hashmi
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, 63110, Thailand
| | - Dah Dah Priscilla
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, 63110, Thailand
| | - Moo Kho Paw
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, 63110, Thailand
| | - Tekel Pimolsorntong
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, 63110, Thailand
| | - Thatsanun Ngerseng
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Bart Van Overmeire
- Neonatology, Cliniques Universitaires de Bruxelles - Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, 1070, Belgium
| | - Stephane Proux
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, 63110, Thailand
| | - François Nosten
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, 63110, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Rose McGready
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, 63110, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Verena I. Carrara
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, 63110, Thailand
| | - Germana Bancone
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, 63110, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
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Marzbanrad F, Stroux L, Clifford GD. Cardiotocography and beyond: a review of one-dimensional Doppler ultrasound application in fetal monitoring. Physiol Meas 2018; 39:08TR01. [PMID: 30027897 PMCID: PMC6237616 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/aad4d1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional Doppler ultrasound (1D-DUS) provides a low-cost and simple method for acquiring a rich signal for use in cardiovascular screening. However, despite the use of 1D-DUS in cardiotocography (CTG) for decades, there are still challenges that limit the effectiveness of its users in reducing fetal and neonatal morbidities and mortalities. This is partly due to the noisy, transient, complex and nonstationary nature of the 1D-DUS signals. Current challenges also include lack of efficient signal quality metrics, insufficient signal processing techniques for extraction of fetal heart rate and other vital parameters with adequate temporal resolution, and lack of appropriate clinical decision support for CTG and Doppler interpretation. Moreover, the almost complete lack of open research in both hardware and software in this field, as well as commercial pressures to market the much more expensive and difficult to use Doppler imaging devices, has hampered innovation. This paper reviews the basics of fetal cardiac function, 1D-DUS signal generation and processing, its application in fetal monitoring and assessment of fetal development and wellbeing. It also provides recommendations for future development of signal processing and modeling approaches, to improve the application of 1D-DUS in fetal monitoring, as well as the need for annotated open databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Marzbanrad
- Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Saili KS, Zurlinden TJ, Schwab AJ, Silvin A, Baker NC, Hunter ES, Ginhoux F, Knudsen TB. Blood-brain barrier development: Systems modeling and predictive toxicology. Birth Defects Res 2018; 109:1680-1710. [PMID: 29251840 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) serves as a gateway for passage of drugs, chemicals, nutrients, metabolites, and hormones between vascular and neural compartments in the brain. Here, we review BBB development with regard to the microphysiology of the neurovascular unit (NVU) and the impact of BBB disruption on brain development. Our focus is on modeling these complex systems. Extant in silico models are available as tools to predict the probability of drug/chemical passage across the BBB; in vitro platforms for high-throughput screening and high-content imaging provide novel data streams for profiling chemical-biological interactions; and engineered human cell-based microphysiological systems provide empirical models with which to investigate the dynamics of NVU function. Computational models are needed that bring together kinetic and dynamic aspects of NVU function across gestation and under various physiological and toxicological scenarios. This integration will inform adverse outcome pathways to reduce uncertainty in translating in vitro data and in silico models for use in risk assessments that aim to protect neurodevelopmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerine S Saili
- National Center for Computational Toxicology (NCCT); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Todd J Zurlinden
- National Center for Computational Toxicology (NCCT); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Andrew J Schwab
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Aymeric Silvin
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648, Singapore
| | - Nancy C Baker
- Leidos, contractor to NCCT, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - E Sidney Hunter
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648, Singapore
| | - Thomas B Knudsen
- National Center for Computational Toxicology (NCCT); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
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Cheng Y, Leung TY, Lao T, Chan YM, Sahota DS. Impact of replacing Chinese ethnicity-specific fetal biometry charts with the INTERGROWTH-21(st) standard. BJOG 2018; 123 Suppl 3:48-55. [PMID: 27627597 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.14008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of adopting the INTERGROWTH-21(st) biometry standards in a Chinese population. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING A teaching hospital in Hong Kong. POPULATION A total of 10 527 Chinese women with a singleton pregnancy having a second- or third-trimester fetal anomaly or growth scan between January 2009 and June 2014. METHODS Z-scores were derived for fetal abdominal circumference (AC), head circumference (HC), and femur length (FL) using the INTERGROWTH-21(st) and Chinese biometry standards. Pregnancies with aneuploidy, structural or skeletal abnormalities, or that developed pre-eclampsia were excluded. Z-scores were stratified as <2.5th, <5th, <10th, >90th, >95th, or >97.5th percentile. Birthweight centile, adjusted for gestation and gender, was categorised as ≤3rd, 3rd to ≤5th, 5th to ≤10th, and >10th. Pairwise comparison and the McNemar test were performed to assess biometry Z-score differences and concordance between the INTERGROWTH-21(st) and Chinese standards. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The sensitivity of both the local and INTERGROWTH-21(st) AC standards to identify pregnancies that were small-for-gestational-age (SGA) was assessed. RESULTS INTERGROWTH-21(st) AC, HC, and FL Z-scores were significantly lower than those obtained using our local reference for AC, HC, and FL (P < 0.0001 for all). The proportion of fetuses with biometry in the <2.5th, <5th, <10th, >90th, >95th, or >97.5th percentiles was statistically significant (P < 0.01 for all). A total of 1224 (15.5%) of the scans at 18-22 weeks of gestation had AC, HC, or FL below the 3rd percentile of the INTERGROWTH-21(st) standard. CONCLUSIONS Adopting the INTERGROWTH-21(st) standard would lead to a significant number of fetuses being at risk of misdiagnosis for small fetal size, particularly when using HC and FL measures. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT INTERGROWTH-21(st) biometry assessment in Chinese leads to fetuses being at risk of misdiagnosis of small fetal size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yky Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - T Y Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tth Lao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Y M Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - D S Sahota
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Fuchs F, Burlat J, Grosjean F, Rayssiguier R, Captier G, Faure JM, Dumont C. A score-based method for quality control of fetal hard palate assessment during routine second-trimester ultrasound examination. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2018; 97:1300-1308. [PMID: 29964326 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION When an orofacial cleft lip is discovered, precise characterization of this malformation is necessary, especially the extension of this cleft to the secondary palate. We aimed to develop and evaluate the feasibility/reproducibility of a score-based quality control for the visualization of the fetal hard palate during the second-trimester scan. MATERIAL AND METHODS All ultrasound images of fetal hard palate assessed routinely during second-trimester scan were retrospectively retrieved for a 6-month period. One hundred of these images were randomly selected and analyzed by two blinded reviewers, according to a scoring system (0-6 points). Criteria retained in the score were complete palate bone horizontal plate, presence of two pterygoid processes, visible alveolar ridge, and horizontal axis of insonation. A score ≥4 defined images of good quality. Inter- and intra-reviewer reproducibility was assessed. RESULTS Inter-reviewer reproducibility was excellent with significant correlation (Pearson coefficient 0.953; P < .0001), global adjusted κ coefficient (0.86, 95% CI 0.79-0.94) and individual criteria adjusted κ coefficient always > 0.8. Rates of images of good quality (score ≥ 4) were 75%-77%, also with excellent agreement (κ coefficient 0.89, 95% CI 0.79-0.99). Intra-reviewer reproducibility retrieved the same results (excellent agreement) except for the axis of insonation (satisfactory agreement). CONCLUSIONS This simple image scoring system for the fetal palate is easy, has excellent inter- and intra-reviewer reproducibility and could also help sonographers to correctly identify the palate structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Fuchs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHU Montpellier, Giraud, Montpellier, France.,Inserm, CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health - U1018, Reproduction and Child Development, Villejuif, France
| | - Julie Burlat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHU Montpellier, Giraud, Montpellier, France
| | - Fréderic Grosjean
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nimes University Hospital Center, Nîmes, France
| | - Romy Rayssiguier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHU Montpellier, Giraud, Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Captier
- Department of Plastic Pediatric and Craniofacial Surgery, CHU Montpellier, Lapeyronie Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Michel Faure
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHU Montpellier, Giraud, Montpellier, France
| | - Coralie Dumont
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Reunion - BP 350, Saint Pierre, Réunion, France
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Dave MH, Schmid K, Weiss M. Airway dimensions from fetal life to adolescence-A literature overview. Pediatr Pulmonol 2018; 53:1140-1146. [PMID: 29806162 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on airway dimensions in pediatric patients are important for proper selection of pediatric airway equipment such as endotracheal tubes, double-lumen tubes, bronchial blockers, or stents. The aim of the present work was to provide a synopsis of the available data on pediatric airway dimensions. METHODS A systematic literature search was carried out in the PubMed database, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Prisma, and Google Scholar and secondarily completed by a reference search. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, a final selection of 109 studies with data on pediatric airway dimensions published from 1923 to 2018 were further analyzed. RESULTS Six different airway measurement methods were identified. They included anatomical examinations, chest X-ray, computed tomography, magnetic resonance tomography, bronchoscopy, and ultrasound. Anatomical studies were more abundant compared to other methods. Data provided were very heterogeneously presented and powered. In addition, due to different study conditions, they are hardly comparable. Among all, anatomical and computer tomography studies are thought to provide the most reliable data. Ultrasound is an upcoming technique to estimate airway parameters of fetus and premature infants. There was, in general, a lack of comprehensive studies providing a complete range of airway dimensions in larger groups of patients from birth to adolescence. CONCLUSIONS This work revealed a large heterogeneity of studies providing data on pediatric airway dimensions, making it impossible to compare, or assemble them to normograms for clinical use. Comprehensive studies in large population of children are needed to provide full range nomograms on pediatric airway dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mital H Dave
- Department of Anesthesia and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Schmid
- Department of Anesthesia and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Weiss
- Department of Anesthesia and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
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Millar K, Patel S, Munson M, Vesel L, Subbiah S, Jones RM, Little S, Papageorghiou AT, Villar J, Wegner MN, Pearson N, Muigai F, Ongeti C, Langer A. INTERGROWTH-21st Gestational Dating and Fetal and Newborn Growth Standards in Peri-Urban Nairobi, Kenya: Quasi-Experimental Implementation Study Protocol. JMIR Res Protoc 2018; 7:e10293. [PMID: 29934289 PMCID: PMC6035346 DOI: 10.2196/10293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The burden of preterm birth, fetal growth impairment, and associated neonatal deaths disproportionately falls on low- and middle-income countries where modern obstetric tools are not available to date pregnancies and monitor fetal growth accurately. The INTERGROWTH-21st gestational dating, fetal growth monitoring, and newborn size at birth standards make this possible. Objective To scale up the INTERGROWTH-21st standards, it is essential to assess the feasibility and acceptability of their implementation and their effect on clinical decision-making in a low-resource clinical setting. Methods This study protocol describes a pre-post, quasi-experimental implementation study of the standards at Jacaranda Health, a maternity hospital in peri-urban Nairobi, Kenya. All women with viable fetuses receiving antenatal and delivery services, their resulting newborns, and the clinicians caring for them from March 2016 to March 2018 are included. The study comprises a 12-month preimplementation phase, a 12-month implementation phase, and a 5-month post-implementation phase to be completed in August 2018. Quantitative clinical and qualitative data collected during the preimplementation and implementation phases will be assessed. A clinician survey was administered eight months into the implementation phase, month 20 of the study. Implementation outcomes include quantitative and qualitative analyses of feasibility, acceptability, adoption, appropriateness, fidelity, and penetration of the standards. Clinical outcomes include appropriateness of referral and effect of the standards on clinical care and decision-making. Descriptive analyses will be conducted, and comparisons will be made between pre- and postimplementation outcomes. Qualitative data will be analyzed using thematic coding and compared across time. The study was approved by the Amref Ethics and Scientific Review Committee (Kenya) and the Harvard University Institutional Review Board. Study results will be shared with stakeholders through conferences, seminars, publications, and knowledge management platforms. Results From October 2016 to February 2017, over 90% of all full-time Jacaranda clinicians (26/28) received at least one of the three aspects of the INTERGROWTH-21st training: gestational dating ultrasound, fetal growth monitoring ultrasound, and neonatal anthropometry standards. Following the training, implementation and evaluation of the standards in Jacaranda Health’s clinical workflow will take place from March 2017 through March 5, 2018. Data analysis will be finalized, and results will be shared by August 2018. Conclusions The findings of this study will have major implications on the national and global scale up of the INTERGROWTH-21st standards and on the process of scaling up global standards in general, particularly in limited-resource settings. Registered Report Identifier RR1-10.2196/10293
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Millar
- Department of Family Health Care Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Suha Patel
- Division of Global Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Linda Vesel
- Women and Health Initiative, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Aris T Papageorghiou
- Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Heath Institute, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jose Villar
- Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Heath Institute, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Nell Wegner
- Women and Health Initiative, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Ana Langer
- Women and Health Initiative, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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Fuchs F, Aouinti S, Souaied M, Keller V, Picot MC, Fries N, Ayoubi JM, Picone O. Association between amniotic fluid evaluation and fetal biometry: a prospective French "Flash" study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7093. [PMID: 29728591 PMCID: PMC5935749 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25497-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to study the association between three different methods of assessing the amount of amniotic fluid (subjective method (SM), deepest vertical pocket (DVP) and amniotic fluid index (AFI)) and estimated fetal weight (EFW) (in percentile or Z-score) after adjustment on maternal-fetal parameters. We performed a nationwide cross-sectional study through the French network of obstetric sonographers using the "flash" study method and including low-risk singleton pregnancies from 18-40 weeks. Crude and adjusted odds ratio were computed after stratification upon 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy. 1667 ultrasound scans performed by 65 operators were included. Only Z-score of EFW was significantly associated with SM in both trimesters. For DVP and AFI, Z-score of EFW and male fetal gender was significantly associated with them in 2nd trimester. In the 3rd trimester, both Z-score of EFW and large (LGA) or small for gestational age (SGA) fetus were significantly associated with AFI. and DVP. Overweight woman and class I obesity women were also significantly associated with DVP modification. In conclusion, all three methods of amniotic fluid evaluation are significantly associated to estimated fetal weight. DVP and AFI appeared equivalent except that maternal-fetal factors seemed to have a higher impact in DVP than AFI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Fuchs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montpellier University Hospital Center, 371 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, Montpellier, France.
- Inserm, CESP Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Reproduction and child development, Villejuif, France.
| | - Safa Aouinti
- Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit (URCE), CHU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Manel Souaied
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hopital Foch, 40 rue Worth, Suresnes, France
| | - Valentin Keller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hopital Foch, 40 rue Worth, Suresnes, France
| | - Marie-Christine Picot
- Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit (URCE), CHU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Fries
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montpellier University Hospital Center, 371 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, Montpellier, France
- Collège Français d'Echographie Foetale, CFEF, France
| | - Jean-Marc Ayoubi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hopital Foch, 40 rue Worth, Suresnes, France
| | - Olivier Picone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hopital Foch, 40 rue Worth, Suresnes, France
- Collège Français d'Echographie Foetale, CFEF, France
- EA2493, UFR des sciences de la santé Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Versailles, France
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Louis Mourier Hospital, Paris Nord Val de seine University Hospitals, APHP, Paris-Diderot University, 178 rue des Renouillers Colombes, Paris, France
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124
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Monitoring fetal growth in settings with limited ultrasound access. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2018; 49:29-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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125
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Weinstein JR, Thompson LM, Díaz Artiga A, Bryan JP, Arriaga WE, Omer SB, McCracken JP. Determining gestational age and preterm birth in rural Guatemala: A comparison of methods. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193666. [PMID: 29554145 PMCID: PMC5858755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Preterm birth is the leading cause of death among children <5 years of age. Accurate determination of prematurity is necessary to provide appropriate neonatal care and guide preventive measures. To estimate the most accurate method to identify infants at risk for adverse outcomes, we assessed the validity of two widely available methods—last menstrual period (LMP) and the New Ballard (NB) neonatal assessment—against ultrasound in determining gestational age and preterm birth in highland Guatemala. Methods Pregnant women (n = 188) were recruited with a gestational age <20 weeks and followed until delivery. Ultrasound was performed by trained physicians and LMP was collected during recruitment. NB was performed on infants within 96 hours of birth by trained study nurses. LMP and NB accuracy at determining gestational age and identifying prematurity was assessed by comparing them to ultrasound. Results By ultrasound, infant mean gestational age at birth was 38.3 weeks (SD = 1.6) with 16% born at less than 37 gestation. LMP was more accurate than NB (mean difference of +0.13 weeks for LMP and +0.61 weeks for NB). However, LMP and NB estimates had low agreement with ultrasound-determined gestational age (Lin’s concordance<0.48 for both methods) and preterm birth (κ<0.29 for both methods). By LMP, 18% were judged premature compared with 6% by NB. LMP underestimated gestational age among women presenting later to prenatal care (0.18 weeks for each additional week). Gestational age for preterm infants was overestimated by nearly one week using LMP and nearly two weeks using NB. New Ballard neuromuscular measurements were more predictive of preterm birth than those measuring physical criteria. Conclusion In an indigenous population in highland Guatemala, LMP overestimated prematurity by 2% and NB underestimated prematurity by 10% compared with ultrasound estimates. New, simple and accurate methods are needed to identify preterm birth in resource-limited settings worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Weinstein
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Lisa M. Thompson
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Anaité Díaz Artiga
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Joe P. Bryan
- Central American Regional Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Guatemala City, Guatemala
- Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - William E. Arriaga
- Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social, Quetzaltenango, Guatemala
| | - Saad B. Omer
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - John P. McCracken
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
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Papageorghiou AT, Kennedy SH, Salomon LJ, Altman DG, Ohuma EO, Stones W, Gravett MG, Barros FC, Victora C, Purwar M, Jaffer Y, Noble JA, Bertino E, Pang R, Cheikh Ismail L, Lambert A, Bhutta ZA, Villar J. The INTERGROWTH-21 st fetal growth standards: toward the global integration of pregnancy and pediatric care. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 218:S630-S640. [PMID: 29422205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the INTERGROWTH-21st project was to develop international, prescriptive standards for fetal growth assessed by ultrasound and fundal height, preterm postnatal growth, newborn size and body composition, maternal weight gain, and infant development at the age of 2 years. Hence, we have produced, based on World Health Organization recommendations, the first comprehensive set of international standards of optimal fetal and newborn growth that perfectly match the existing World Health Organization child growth standards. Uniquely, the same population was followed up longitudinally from 9 weeks of fetal life to 2 years of age, with growth, health, and nutritional status assessment at 2 years supporting the appropriateness of the population for construction of growth standards. The resulting package of clinical tools allows, for the first time, growth and development to be monitored from early pregnancy to infancy. The INTERGROWTH-21st fetal growth standards, which are based on observing >4500 healthy pregnancies, nested in a study of >59,000 pregnancies from populations with low rates of adverse perinatal outcomes, show how fetuses should grow-rather than the more limited objective of past references, which describe how they have grown at specific times and locations. Our work has confirmed the fundamental biological principle that variation in human growth across different populations is mostly dependent on environmental, nutritional, and socioeconomic factors. We found that when mothers' nutritional and health needs are met and there are few environmental constraints on growth, <3.5% of the total variability of skeletal growth was due to differences between populations. We propose that not recognizing the concept of optimal growth could deprive the most vulnerable mothers and their babies of optimal care, because local growth charts normalize those at highest risk for growth restriction and overweight, and can be valuable for policymakers to ensure rigorous evaluation and effective resource allocation. We strongly encourage colleagues to join efforts to provide integrated, evidence-based growth monitoring to pregnant women and their infants worldwide. Presently, there are 23.3 million infants born small for gestational age in low- to middle-income countries according to the INTERGROWTH-21st newborn size standards. We suggest that misclassification of these infants by using local charts could affect the delivery of optimal health care.
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127
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Knight B, Brereton A, Powell RJ, Liversedge H. Assessing the accuracy of ultrasound estimation of gestational age during routine antenatal care in in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancies. ULTRASOUND (LEEDS, ENGLAND) 2018; 26:49-53. [PMID: 29456582 PMCID: PMC5810861 DOI: 10.1177/1742271x17751257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the UK an accurate gestational age is confirmed by ultrasound measured foetal crown rump length (CRL) at 11 + 2-14 + 1 weeks of gestation. The currently recommended Robinson and Fleming crown rump length reference chart was develop in 1975. Advances in ultrasound technology and standardized crown rump length measurement training could mean this is now out of date. Our study aimed to assess its accuracy in current routine antenatal care. METHODS Retrospective data from 178 IVF pregnancies seen for routine antenatal care at a UK Regional Maternity Unit between 1 January 2006 and 1 January 2016 was retrieved. We compared ultrasound calculated crown rump length gestational age taken at the routine First Trimester Screening Clinic (FTSC) with the 'true' gestational age calculated from the known IVF fertilization date. RESULTS We identified a systematic overestimation of gestational age by ultrasound using the currently recommended crown rump length reference chart when compared to IVF gestational age. The mean overestimation was 3.0 days (95% CI: 2.7 to 3.4), p < 0.001. A range of alternative ultrasound reference charts also generated a systematic overestimation, ranging from 1.6 to 2.9 days (p < 0.001, for each). CONCLUSIONS The current crown rump length reference chart systematically overestimates gestational age by an average of three days when assessed in IVF pregnancies. A systematic overestimation was also identified in alternative crown rump length reference charts. These differences, although slight, were systematic with implications for the accuracy of gestational age estimation particularly in pregnancies at risk of pre-term delivery or growth restriction. Our findings need confirming in larger, non IVF cohorts and could lead to the need for an updated crown rump length reference chart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Knight
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter Medical School and RD&E NHS FT, Exeter, UK
| | - Aaron Brereton
- Antenatal Ultrasound Department, Centre for Women's Health, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Roy J Powell
- Research Design Service (RDS) South West, Exeter, UK
- R&D Department, RD&E NHS FT, Exeter, UK
| | - Helen Liversedge
- Antenatal Ultrasound Department, Centre for Women's Health, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
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128
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Hynek M, Kalina J, Zvárová J, Long JD. Statistical methods for constructing gestational age-related charts for fetal size and pregnancy dating using longitudinal data. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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129
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Pesco-Koplowitz L, Gintant G, Ward R, Heon D, Saulnier M, Heilbraun J. Drug-induced cardiac abnormalities in premature infants and neonates. Am Heart J 2018; 195:14-38. [PMID: 29224642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The Cardiac Safety Research Consortium (CSRC) is a transparent, public-private partnership that was established in 2005 as a Critical Path Program and formalized in 2006 under a Memorandum of Understanding between the United States Food and Drug Administration and Duke University. Our continuing goal is to advance paradigms for more efficient regulatory science related to the cardiovascular safety of new therapeutics, both in the United States and globally, particularly where such safety questions add burden to innovative research and development. This White Paper provides a summary of discussions by a cardiovascular committee cosponsored by the CSRC and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that initially met in December 2014, and periodically convened at FDA's White Oak headquarters from March 2015 to September 2016. The committee focused on the lack of information concerning the cardiac effects of medications in the premature infant and neonate population compared with that of the older pediatric and adult populations. Key objectives of this paper are as follows: Provide an overview of human developmental cardiac electrophysiology, as well as the electrophysiology of premature infants and neonates; summarize all published juvenile animal models relevant to drug-induced cardiac toxicity; provide a consolidated source for all reported drug-induced cardiac toxicities by therapeutic area as a resource for neonatologists; present drugs that have a known cardiac effect in an adult population, but no reported toxicity in the premature infant and neonate populations; and summarize what is not currently known about drug-induced cardiac toxicity in premature infants and neonates, and what could be done to address this lack of knowledge. This paper presents the views of the authors and should not be construed to represent the views or policies of the FDA or Health Canada.
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130
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Fuchs F, Grosjean F, Captier G, Faure JM. The 2D axial transverse views of the fetal face: A new technique to visualize the fetal hard palate; methodology description and feasibility. Prenat Diagn 2017; 37:1353-1359. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.5189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florent Fuchs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; CHU Montpellier; Montpellier France
- Inserm, CESP Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health; U1018, Reproduction and Child Development; Villejuif France
| | - Fréderic Grosjean
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Nimes University Hospital Center; Nîmes France
| | - Guillaume Captier
- Department of Plastic Pediatric and Craniofacial Surgery; CHU Montpellier, Hôpital Lapeyronie; Montpellier France
| | - Jean-Michel Faure
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; CHU Montpellier; Montpellier France
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131
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Abduljalil K, Johnson TN, Rostami-Hodjegan A. Fetal Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Models: Systems Information on Fetal Biometry and Gross Composition. Clin Pharmacokinet 2017; 57:1149-1171. [DOI: 10.1007/s40262-017-0618-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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132
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[Fetal biometry: It is time for change]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 45:517-518. [PMID: 29033022 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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133
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Collège Français d'échographie Fœtale Cfef. [Report from the CFEF seminar on fetal biometry (June 2017)]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 45:545-551. [PMID: 29030147 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This article reports the conclusions and recommendations resulting from the seminar organized in Paris on June 15, 2017 by the scientific committee of the French College of Fetal Ultrasound (CFEF). The purpose of this meeting was to audit the practices in screening for SGA and IUGR fetuses in France and to discuss ways to improve ultrasound screening. A review of charts, references, standards and common practices was performed. The potential new biometric tools applicable in France were reviewed and analyzed. Eventually, options and recommendations for improvement are proposed.
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134
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Mace P, Milh M, Girard N, Sigaudy S, Quarello E. [How to deal with a fetal head circumference lower than the third percentile?]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 45:491-511. [PMID: 28870427 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The prenatal finding of a head circumference (HC) below the 3rd percentile (p) remains, in the same way as short femur or increased nuchal translucency with normal karyotype, one the most difficult situations for the praticionner in the setting of prenatal diagnosis. Microcephaly is a gateway to possible cerebral pathologies, but the main objective is to identify serious prenatal situations. A standardized HC measurement, the use of adapted reference tools and charts, longitudinal following of cephalic biometrics in high-risk situations, and systematic central nervous system analysis can increase the diagnostic performance of ultrasound which is often disappointing for microcephaly. The early distinction between associated or isolated microcephaly makes it possible to quickly orient the prenatal management and counseling. Fetal MRI and genetic counseling are fundamental in this context, making it possible to specify at best the etiological diagnosis and to provide assistance to the neuropediatrician in the establishment of an often uncertain prognosis. The recent increase in cases of microcephaly concomitant with the epidemic of the ZIKA virus is an additional argument to improve our practices and the daily apprehension of HC<3rd p.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mace
- Centre de diagnostic prénatal, hôpital La Timone enfant, AP-HM, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France
| | - M Milh
- Centre de diagnostic prénatal, hôpital La Timone enfant, AP-HM, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France; Service de neurologie pédiatrique, hôpital La Timone enfants, AP-HM, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France; Inserm, GMGF UMR_S 910, Aix Marseille université, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - N Girard
- CRMBM UMR CNRS 7339, faculté de médecine, Aix Marseille université (AMU), 13385 Marseille, France; Service de neuroradiologie diagnostique et interventionnelle, hôpital La Timone, AP-HM, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France
| | - S Sigaudy
- Centre de diagnostic prénatal, hôpital La Timone enfant, AP-HM, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France; Département de génétique médicale, hôpital La Timone enfant, AP-HM, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France
| | - E Quarello
- Unité d'échographie et de diagnostic prénatal, hôpital Saint-Joseph, 26, boulevard de Louvain, 13285 Marseille cedex 08, France; Institut de médecine de la reproduction, 6, rue Rocca, 13008 Marseille, France.
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135
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Kumar F, Kemp J, Edwards C, Pullon RM, Loerup L, Triantafyllidis A, Salvi D, Gibson O, Gerry S, MacKillop LH, Tarassenko L, Watkinson PJ. Pregnancy physiology pattern prediction study (4P study): protocol of an observational cohort study collecting vital sign information to inform the development of an accurate centile-based obstetric early warning score. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e016034. [PMID: 28864695 PMCID: PMC5589023 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Successive confidential enquiries into maternal deaths in the UK have identified an urgent need to develop a national early warning score (EWS) specifically for pregnant or recently pregnant women to aid more timely recognition, referral and treatment of women who are developing life-threatening complications in pregnancy or the puerperium. Although many local EWS are in use in obstetrics, most have been developed heuristically. No current obstetric EWS has defined the thresholds at which an alert should be triggered using evidence-based normal ranges, nor do they reflect the changing physiology that occurs with gestation during pregnancy. METHODS AND ANALYSIS An observational cohort study involving 1000 participants across three UK sites in Oxford, London and Newcastle. Pregnant women will be recruited at approximately 14 weeks' gestation and have their vital signs (heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation and temperature) measured at 4 to 6-week intervals during pregnancy. Vital signs recorded during labour and delivery will be extracted from hospital records. After delivery, participants will measure and record their own vital signs daily for 2 weeks. During the antenatal and postnatal periods, vital signs will be recorded on an Android tablet computer through a custom software application and transferred via mobile internet connection to a secure database. The data collected will be used to define reference ranges of vital signs across normal pregnancy, labour and the immediate postnatal period. This will inform the design of an evidence-based obstetric EWS. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been approved by the NRES committee South East Coast-Brighton and Sussex (14/LO/1312) and is registered with the ISRCTN (10838017). All participants will provide written informed consent and can withdraw from the study at any point. All data collected will be managed anonymously. The findings will be disseminated in international peer-reviewed journals and through research conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Kumar
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Jude Kemp
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Clare Edwards
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Rebecca M Pullon
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lise Loerup
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Dario Salvi
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Oliver Gibson
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen Gerry
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Oxford, UK
- Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucy H MacKillop
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Peter J Watkinson
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Mekonen HK, Hikspoors JPJM, Mommen G, Kruepunga N, Köhler SE, Lamers WH. Closure of the vertebral canal in human embryos and fetuses. J Anat 2017; 231:260-274. [PMID: 28585249 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The vertebral column is the paradigm of the metameric architecture of the vertebrate body. Because the number of somites is a convenient parameter to stage early human embryos, we explored whether the closure of the vertebral canal could be used similarly for staging embryos between 7 and 10 weeks of development. Human embryos (5-10 weeks of development) were visualized using Amira 3D® reconstruction and Cinema 4D® remodelling software. Vertebral bodies were identifiable as loose mesenchymal structures between the dense mesenchymal intervertebral discs up to 6 weeks and then differentiated into cartilaginous structures in the 7th week. In this week, the dense mesenchymal neural processes also differentiated into cartilaginous structures. Transverse processes became identifiable at 6 weeks. The growth rate of all vertebral bodies was exponential and similar between 6 and 10 weeks, whereas the intervertebral discs hardly increased in size between 6 and 8 weeks and then followed vertebral growth between 8 and 10 weeks. The neural processes extended dorsolaterally (6th week), dorsally (7th week) and finally dorsomedially (8th and 9th weeks) to fuse at the midthoracic level at 9 weeks. From there, fusion extended cranially and caudally in the 10th week. Closure of the foramen magnum required the development of the supraoccipital bone as a craniomedial extension of the exoccipitals (neural processes of occipital vertebra 4), whereas a growth burst of sacral vertebra 1 delayed closure until 15 weeks. Both the cranial- and caudal-most vertebral bodies fused to form the basioccipital (occipital vertebrae 1-4) and sacrum (sacral vertebrae 1-5). In the sacrum, fusion of its so-called alar processes preceded that of the bodies by at least 6 weeks. In conclusion, the highly ordered and substantial changes in shape of the vertebral bodies leading to the formation of the vertebral canal make the development of the spine an excellent, continuous staging system for the (human) embryo between 6 and 10 weeks of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayelom K Mekonen
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jill P J M Hikspoors
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Greet Mommen
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nutmethee Kruepunga
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - S Eleonore Köhler
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter H Lamers
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Marzbanrad F, Khandoker AH, Kimura Y, Palaniswami M, Clifford GD. Assessment of Fetal Development Using Cardiac Valve Intervals. Front Physiol 2017; 8:313. [PMID: 28567021 PMCID: PMC5434138 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An automated method to assess the fetal physiological development is introduced which uses the component intervals between fetal cardiac valve timings and the Q-wave of fetal electrocardiogram (fECG). These intervals were estimated automatically from one-dimensional Doppler Ultrasound and noninvasive fECG. We hypothesize that the fetal growth can be estimated by the cardiac valve intervals. This hypothesis was evaluated by modeling the fetal development using the cardiac intervals and validating against the gold standard gestational age identified by Crown-Rump Length (CRL). Among the intervals, electromechanical delay time, isovolumic contraction time, ventricular filling time and their interactions were selected in a stepwise regression process that used gestational age as the target in a cohort of 57 fetuses. Compared with the gold standard age, the newly proposed regression model resulted in a mean absolute error of 3.8 weeks for all recordings and 2.7 weeks after excluding the low quality recordings. Since Fetal Heart Rate Variability (FHRV) has been proposed in the literature for assessing the fetal development, we compared the performance of gestational age estimation by our new valve-interval based method, vs. FHRV, while assuming the CRL as the gold standard. The valve interval-based method outperformed both the model based on FHRV. Results of evaluation for 30 abnormal cases showed that the new method is less affected by arrhythmias such as tachycardia and bradycardia compared to FHRV, however certain types of heart anomalies cause large errors (more than 10 weeks) with respect to the CRL-based gold standard age. Therefore, discrepancies between the regression based estimation and CRL age estimation could indicate the abnormalities. The cardiac valve intervals have been known to reflect the autonomic function. Therefore the new method potentially provides a novel approach for assessing the development of fetal autonomic nervous system, which may be growth curve independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Marzbanrad
- Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ahsan H Khandoker
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, University of MelbourneMelbourne, VIC, Australia.,Biomedical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science, Technology and ResearchAbu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Marimuthu Palaniswami
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, University of MelbourneMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gari D Clifford
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory UniversityAtlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta, GA, United States
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138
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Stirnemann JJ, Fries N, Bessis R, Fontanges M, Mangione R, Salomon LJ. Implementing the INTERGROWTH-21 st fetal growth standards in France: a 'flash study' of the College Français d'Echographie Foetale (CFEF). ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2017; 49:487-492. [PMID: 27516404 DOI: 10.1002/uog.17223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess potential differences in fetal size between the French population and the international population from the INTERGROWTH-21st (IG-21st ) Project and to measure the impact of switching to the IG-21st reference standards for fetal size. METHODS This was a nationwide cross-sectional study of fetal ultrasound biometry. Low-risk singleton pregnancies were recruited prospectively within the network of the national French College of Fetal Ultrasound, CFEF, over a 6-week period. Further selection was performed based on the criteria of the IG-21st Project in order to obtain a comparable population. Head circumference (HC) was used as the main fat-free skeletal measure of growth for comparison of French fetal size with that of the IG-21st population. The impact of switching to the IG-21st fetal growth standards was quantified by comparing Z-scores calculated using the IG-21st standards with those calculated using locally derived reference ranges for HC, abdominal circumference (AC) and femur length (FL). RESULTS Following selection, 4858 cases were analyzed. The distribution of HC demonstrated clear similarity between our French population and the IG-21st population: our observed centile curves closely matched those of IG-21st and the Z-scores were close to 0 across gestational age. The IG-21st standards performed as well as did locally derived charts in terms of screening for small-for-gestational age by AC, while they identified significantly fewer small FL values than were expected and than did the locally derived charts. CONCLUSIONS Under strict selection criteria, fetal size in France is similar to that of the international population used in the IG-21st Project. The discrepancies in FL are unlikely to impact on prenatal management. Therefore, switching from locally derived reference ranges to the IG-21st standards appears to be a safe option. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Stirnemann
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- EA FETUS, 7328, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - N Fries
- Collège Français d'Echographie Foetale, CFEF, France
| | - R Bessis
- Collège Français d'Echographie Foetale, CFEF, France
| | - M Fontanges
- Collège Français d'Echographie Foetale, CFEF, France
| | - R Mangione
- Collège Français d'Echographie Foetale, CFEF, France
| | - L J Salomon
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- EA FETUS, 7328, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
- Collège Français d'Echographie Foetale, CFEF, France
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139
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Gjessing HK, Grøttum P, Økland I, Eik-Nes SH. Fetal size monitoring and birth-weight prediction: a new population-based approach. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2017; 49:500-507. [PMID: 27130245 DOI: 10.1002/uog.15954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a complete, population-based system for ultrasound-based fetal size monitoring and birth-weight prediction for use in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. METHODS Using 31 516 ultrasound examinations from a population-based Norwegian clinical database, we constructed fetal size charts for biparietal diameter, femur length and abdominal circumference from 24 to 42 weeks' gestation. A reference curve of median birth weight for gestational age was estimated using 45 037 birth weights. We determined how individual deviations from the expected ultrasound measures predicted individual percentage deviations from expected birth weight. The predictive quality was assessed by explained variance of birth weight and receiver-operating characteristics curves for prediction of small-for-gestational age. A curve for intrauterine estimated fetal weight was constructed. Charts were smoothed using the gamlss non-linear regression method. RESULTS The population-based approach, using bias-free ultrasound gestational age, produces stable estimates of size-for-age and weight-for-age curves in the range 24-42 weeks' gestation. There is a close correspondence between percentage deviations and percentiles of birth weight by gestational age, making it easy to convert between the two. The variance of birth weight that can be 'explained' by ultrasound increases from 8% at 20 weeks up to 67% around term. Intrauterine estimated fetal weight is 0-106 g higher than median birth weight in the preterm period. CONCLUSIONS The new population-based birth-weight prediction model provides a simple summary measure, the 'percentage birth-weight deviation', to be used for fetal size monitoring throughout the third trimester. Predictive quality of the model can be measured directly from the population data. The model computes both median observed birth weight and intrauterine estimated fetal weight. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Gjessing
- Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - P Grøttum
- Section of Medical Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - I Økland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - S H Eik-Nes
- National Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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140
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Wessel H, Nyberg T. Lower accuracy in prediction of delivery date in Stockholm County following introduction of new guidelines. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2017; 96:223-232. [PMID: 27858960 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Stockholm County, new guidelines for predicting the day of delivery were introduced in 2010. Recent clinical use has indicated that the predictive quality might be suboptimal. This study compares the accuracy of three equations applied during the first (crown-rump length or bi-parietal diameter) and second trimesters (bi-parietal diameter or bi-parietal diameter combined with femur length). MATERIAL AND METHODS The accuracy of estimated delivery date was compared in 14 239 ultrasound exams using median deviations from actual birth date, proportion of postterms, births within ±seven days of estimated delivery date, accuracy variations depending on fetal size, alternative fetal measurements obtained on the same occasion, and menstrual age. RESULTS The bi-parietal diameter and crown-rump length formulae overestimated pregnancy length by two and three days respectively, causing 7-8% of pregnancies to be labelled postterm. A combined bi-parietal diameter+femur length formula overestimated by one day, with 5.1% postterms. No significant difference was found in the proportion of births within ±seven days. Second trimester estimated delivery date assessment had larger median variations than did first trimester assessment and suffered from shifting deviations across fetal size. The comparison of different biometry formulae in the same individual demonstrated one day extra deviation for bi-parietal diameter and three days extra deviation for crown-rump length compared with the combined bi-parietal diameter+femur length formula. CONCLUSIONS The algorithms and dating occasions tested seem inappropriate for the present 280-day term definition. Alternative formulae ought to be sought, and the assumed duration of pregnancy reconsidered; 283 days corresponds to the observed pregnancy length calculated from last menstrual period, and would better fit the observed results for first trimester ultrasound scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Wessel
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Ultragyn i Stockholm AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tommy Nyberg
- Department of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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141
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Hirst JE, Villar J, Victora CG, Papageorghiou AT, Finkton D, Barros FC, Gravett MG, Giuliani F, Purwar M, Frederick IO, Pang R, Cheikh Ismail L, Lambert A, Stones W, Jaffer YA, Altman DG, Noble JA, Ohuma EO, Kennedy SH, Bhutta ZA. The antepartum stillbirth syndrome: risk factors and pregnancy conditions identified from the INTERGROWTH-21 st Project. BJOG 2016; 125:1145-1153. [PMID: 28029221 PMCID: PMC6055673 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.14463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify risk factors for antepartum stillbirth, including fetal growth restriction, among women with well-dated pregnancies and access to antenatal care. DESIGN Population-based, prospective, observational study. SETTING Eight international urban populations. POPULATION Pregnant women and their babies enrolled in the Newborn Cross-Sectional Study of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project. METHODS Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare risks among antepartum stillborn and liveborn babies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Antepartum stillbirth was defined as any fetal death after 16 weeks' gestation before the onset of labour. RESULTS Of 60 121 babies, 553 were stillborn (9.2 per 1000 births), of which 445 were antepartum deaths (7.4 per 1000 births). After adjustment for site, risk factors were low socio-economic status, hazard ratio (HR): 1.6 (95% CI, 1.2-2.1); single marital status, HR 2.0 (95% CI, 1.4-2.8); age ≥40 years, HR 2.2 (95% CI, 1.4-3.7); essential hypertension, HR 4.0 (95% CI, 2.7-5.9); HIV/AIDS, HR 4.3 (95% CI, 2.0-9.1); pre-eclampsia, HR 1.6 (95% CI, 1.1-3.8); multiple pregnancy, HR 3.3 (95% CI, 2.0-5.6); and antepartum haemorrhage, HR 3.3 (95% CI, 2.5-4.5). Birth weight <3rd centile was associated with antepartum stillbirth [HR, 4.6 (95% CI, 3.4-6.2)]. The greatest risk was seen in babies not suspected to have been growth restricted antenatally, with an HR of 5.0 (95% CI, 3.6-7.0). The population-attributable risk of antepartum death associated with small-for-gestational-age neonates diagnosed at birth was 11%. CONCLUSIONS Antepartum stillbirth is a complex syndrome associated with several risk factors. Although small babies are at higher risk, current growth restriction detection strategies only modestly reduced the rate of stillbirth. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT International stillbirth study finds individual risks poor predictors of death but combinations promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Hirst
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J Villar
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - C G Victora
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - A T Papageorghiou
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D Finkton
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - F C Barros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - M G Gravett
- Global Alliance to Prevent Prematurity and Stillbirth (GAPPS), Seattle, WA, USA
| | - F Giuliani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Sanità Pubblica e Pediatriche, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Purwar
- Nagpur INTERGROWTH-21st Research Centre, Ketkar Hospital, Nagpur, India
| | - I O Frederick
- Center for Perinatal Studies, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R Pang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - L Cheikh Ismail
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A Lambert
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - W Stones
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Y A Jaffer
- Department of Family & Community Health, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - D G Altman
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J A Noble
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - E O Ohuma
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S H Kennedy
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Z A Bhutta
- Division of Women & Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.,Center for Global Health for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Papageorghiou AT, Kemp B, Stones W, Ohuma EO, Kennedy SH, Purwar M, Salomon LJ, Altman DG, Noble JA, Bertino E, Gravett MG, Pang R, Cheikh Ismail L, Barros FC, Lambert A, Jaffer YA, Victora CG, Bhutta ZA, Villar J. Ultrasound-based gestational-age estimation in late pregnancy. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2016; 48:719-726. [PMID: 26924421 PMCID: PMC6680349 DOI: 10.1002/uog.15894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accurate gestational-age (GA) estimation, preferably by ultrasound measurement of fetal crown-rump length before 14 weeks' gestation, is an important component of high-quality antenatal care. The objective of this study was to determine how GA can best be estimated by fetal ultrasound for women who present for the first time late in pregnancy with uncertain or unknown menstrual dates. METHODS INTERGROWTH-21st was a large, prospective, multicenter, population-based project performed in eight geographically defined urban populations. One of its principal components, the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study, aimed to develop international fetal growth standards. Each participant had their certain menstrual dates confirmed by first-trimester ultrasound examination. Fetal head circumference (HC), biparietal diameter (BPD), occipitofrontal diameter (OFD), abdominal circumference (AC) and femur length (FL) were measured every 5 weeks from 14 weeks' gestation until delivery. For each participant, a single, randomly selected ultrasound examination was used to explore all candidate biometric variables and permutations to build models to predict GA. Regression equations were ranked based upon minimization of the mean prediction error, goodness of fit and model complexity. An automated machine learning algorithm, the Genetic Algorithm, was adapted to evaluate > 64 000 potential polynomial equations as predictors. RESULTS Of the 4607 eligible women, 4321 (94%) had a pregnancy without major complications and delivered a live singleton without congenital malformations. After other exclusions (missing measurements in GA window and outliers), the final sample comprised 4229 women. Two skeletal measures, HC and FL, produced the best GA prediction, given by the equation loge (GA) = 0.03243 × (loge (HC))2 + 0.001644 × FL × loge (HC) + 3.813. When FL was not available, the best equation based on HC alone was loge (GA) = 0.05970 × (loge (HC))2 + 0.000000006409 × (HC)3 + 3.3258. The estimated uncertainty of GA prediction (half width 95% interval) was 6-7 days at 14 weeks' gestation, 12-14 days at 26 weeks' gestation and > 14 days in the third trimester. The addition of FL to the HC model led to improved prediction intervals compared with using HC alone, but no further improvement in prediction was afforded by adding AC, BPD or OFD. Equations that included other measurements (BPD, OFD and AC) did not perform better. CONCLUSIONS Among women initiating antenatal care late in pregnancy, a single set of ultrasound measurements combining HC and FL in the second trimester can be used to estimate GA with reasonable accuracy. We recommend this tool for underserved populations but considerable efforts should be implemented to improve early initiation of antenatal care worldwide. © 2016 Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. T. Papageorghiou
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - B. Kemp
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - W. Stones
- Faculty of Health SciencesAga Khan UniversityNairobiKenya
- School of MedicineUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsScotland
| | - E. O. Ohuma
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - S. H. Kennedy
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - M. Purwar
- Nagpur INTERGROWTH‐21 Research CentreKetkar HospitalNagpurIndia
| | - L. J. Salomon
- Maternité Necker‐Enfants Malades, AP‐HPUniversité Paris DescartesParisFrance
| | - D. G. Altman
- Center for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of OrthopaedicsRheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - J. A. Noble
- Department of Engineering ScienceUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - E. Bertino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Pediatriche e dell'Adolescenza, Cattedra di NeonatologiaUniversità degli Studi di TorinoTurinItaly
| | - M. G. Gravett
- Global Alliance to Prevent Prematurity and Stillbirth (GAPPS)SeattleWAUSA
| | - R. Pang
- School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - L. Cheikh Ismail
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - F. C. Barros
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Saúde e ComportamentoUniversidade Católica de PelotasPelotasRSBrazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em EpidemiologiaUniversidade Federal de PelotasPelotasRSBrazil
| | - A. Lambert
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Y. A. Jaffer
- Department of Family & Community HealthMinistry of HealthMuscatSultanate of Oman
| | - C. G. Victora
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em EpidemiologiaUniversidade Federal de PelotasPelotasRSBrazil
| | - Z. A. Bhutta
- Division of Women & Child HealthThe Aga Khan UniversityKarachiPakistan
- Center for Global HealthHospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada
| | - J. Villar
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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Wylomanski S, Winer N. [Role of ultrasound in elective abortions]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 45:1477-1489. [PMID: 27814980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2016.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound plays a fundamental role in the management of elective abortions. Although it can improve the quality of post-abortion care, it must not be an obstacle to abortion access. We thus studied the role of ultrasound in pregnancy dating and possible alternatives and analyzed the literature to determine the role of ultrasound in post-abortion follow-up. During an ultrasound scan, the date of conception is estimated by measurement of the crown-rump length (CRL), defined by Robinson, or of the biparietal diameter (BPD), as defined by the French Center for Fetal Ultrasound (CFEF) after 11 weeks of gestation (Robinson and CFEF curves) (grade B). Updated curves have been developed in the INTERGROWTH study. In the context of abortion, the literature recommends the application of a safety margin of 5 days, especially when the CRL and/or BPD measurement indicates a term close to 14 weeks (that is equal or below 80 and 27mm, respectively) (best practice agreement). Accordingly, with the ultrasound measurement reliable to±5 days when its performance meets the relevant criteria, an abortion can take place when the CRL measurement is less than 90mm or the BPD less than 30mm (INTERGROWTH curves) (best practice agreement). While a dating ultrasound should be encouraged, its absence is not an obstacle to scheduling an abortion for women who report that they know the date of their last menstrual period and/or of the at-risk sexual relations and for whom a clinical examination by a healthcare professional is possible (best practice agreement). In cases of intrauterine pregnancy of uncertain viability or of a pregnancy of unknown location, without any particular symptoms, the patient must be able to have a transvaginal ultrasound to increase the precision of the diagnosis (grade B). Various reviews of the literature on post-abortion follow-up indicate that the routine use of ultrasound during instrumental abortions should be avoided (best practice agreement). If it becomes clear immediately after the procedure that the endometrial thickness exceeds 8mm, immediate reaspiration is necessary. Ultrasound examination of the endometrium several days after an instrumental elective abortion does not appear to be relevant (grade B). An analysis of the literature similarly shows that routine ultrasound scans after medical abortions should be avoided. If a transvaginal ultrasound is performed after a medical abortion, it should take place at least two weeks afterwards (best practice agreement). The only aim of an ultrasound examination during follow-up should be to determine whether a gestational sac is present (best practice agreement). Finally, if an ultrasound is performed at any point during pre- or post-abortion care, a report should be drafted, specifying any potential gynecologic abnormalities found, but its absence must not delay the scheduling of the abortion (best practice agreement).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wylomanski
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, CHU de Nantes, 38, boulevard Jean-Monnet, 44093 Nantes cedex 1, France.
| | - N Winer
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, CHU de Nantes, 38, boulevard Jean-Monnet, 44093 Nantes cedex 1, France
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144
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Papageorghiou AT, Ohuma EO, Gravett MG, Hirst J, da Silveira MF, Lambert A, Carvalho M, Jaffer YA, Altman DG, Noble JA, Bertino E, Purwar M, Pang R, Cheikh Ismail L, Victora C, Bhutta ZA, Kennedy SH, Villar J. International standards for symphysis-fundal height based on serial measurements from the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project: prospective cohort study in eight countries. BMJ 2016; 355:i5662. [PMID: 27821614 PMCID: PMC5098415 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.i5662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To create international symphysis-fundal height standards derived from pregnancies of healthy women with good maternal and perinatal outcomes. DESIGN Prospective longitudinal observational study. SETTING Eight geographically diverse urban regions in Brazil, China, India, Italy, Kenya, Oman, United Kingdom, and United States. PARTICIPANTS Healthy, well nourished pregnant women enrolled into the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study component of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project at 9-14 weeks' gestation, and followed up until birth. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Symphysis-fundal height was measured every five weeks from 14 weeks' gestation until birth using standardised methods and dedicated research staff who were blinded to the symphysis-fundal height measurements by turning the tape measure so that numbers were not visible during examination. The best fitting curve was selected using second degree fractional polynomials and further modelled in a multilevel framework to account for the longitudinal design of the study. RESULTS Of 13 108 women screened in the first trimester, 4607 (35.1%) met the study entry criteria. Of the eligible women, 4321 (93.8%) had pregnancies without major complications and delivered live singletons without congenital malformations. The median number of symphysis-fundal height measurements was 5.0 (range 1-7); 3976 (92.0%) women had four or more measurements. Symphysis-fundal height measurements increased almost linearly with gestational age; data were used to determine fitted 3rd, 50th, and 97th centile curves, which showed excellent agreement with observed values. CONCLUSIONS This study presents international standards to measure symphysis-fundal height as a first level screening tool for fetal growth disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aris T Papageorghiou
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eric O Ohuma
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael G Gravett
- Center for Perinatal Studies, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Global Alliance to Prevent Prematurity and Stillbirth, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jane Hirst
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mariangela F da Silveira
- Departamento Materno-Infantil, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ann Lambert
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Carvalho
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Yasmin A Jaffer
- Department of Family & Community Health, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Douglas G Altman
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julia A Noble
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Enrico Bertino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Pediatriche e dell'Adolescenza, Cattedra di Neonatologia, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Manorama Purwar
- Nagpur INTERGROWTH-21st Research Centre, Ketkar Hospital, Nagpur, India
| | - Ruyan Pang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Leila Cheikh Ismail
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cesar Victora
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Division of Women & Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Stephen H Kennedy
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - José Villar
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Gernand AD, Paul RR, Ullah B, Taher MA, Witter FR, Wu L, Labrique AB, West KP, Christian P. A home calendar and recall method of last menstrual period for estimating gestational age in rural Bangladesh: a validation study. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2016; 35:34. [PMID: 27769295 PMCID: PMC5073953 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-016-0072-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The best method of gestational age assessment is by ultrasound in the first trimester; however, this method is impractical in large field trials in rural areas. Our objective was to assess the validity of gestational age estimated from prospectively collected date of last menstrual period (LMP) using crown-rump length (CRL) measured in early pregnancy by ultrasound. METHODS As part of a large, cluster-randomized, controlled trial in rural Bangladesh, we collected dates of LMP by recall and as marked on a calendar every 5 weeks in women likely to become pregnant. Among those with a urine-test confirmed pregnancy, a subset with gestational age of <15 weeks (n = 353) were enrolled for ultrasound follow-up to measure CRL. We compared interview-assessed LMP with CRL gestational age estimates and classification of preterm, term, and post-term births. RESULTS LMP-based gestational age was higher than CRL by a mean (SD) of 2.8 (10.7) days; differences varied by maternal education and preterm birth (P < 0.05). Lin's concordance correlation coefficient was good at ultrasound [0.63 (95 % CI 0.56, 0.69)] and at birth [0.77 (95 % CI 0.73, 0.81)]. Validity of classifying preterm birth was high but post-term was lower, with specificity of 96 and 89 % and sensitivity of 86 and 67 %, respectively. Results were similar by parity. CONCLUSIONS Prospectively collected LMP provided a valid estimate of gestational age and preterm birth in a rural, low-income setting and may be a suitable alternative to ultrasound in programmatic settings and large field trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00860470.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison D. Gernand
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 110 Chandlee Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802 USA
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Rina Rani Paul
- The JiVitA Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition Research Project, Godown Road, Gaibandha, Bangladesh
| | - Barkat Ullah
- The JiVitA Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition Research Project, Godown Road, Gaibandha, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad A. Taher
- Centre for Nuclear Medicine & Ultrasound, Rangpur Medical College Hospital Campus, G.P.O. Box No. 16, Rangpur, Bangladesh
| | - Frank R. Witter
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
| | - Lee Wu
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Alain B. Labrique
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Keith P. West
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Parul Christian
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
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146
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Mekonen HK, Hikspoors JP, Mommen G, Eleonore KÖhler S, Lamers WH. Development of the epaxial muscles in the human embryo. Clin Anat 2016; 29:1031-1045. [DOI: 10.1002/ca.22775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hayelom K. Mekonen
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology; Maastricht University; Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Jill P.J.M. Hikspoors
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology; Maastricht University; Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Greet Mommen
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology; Maastricht University; Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - S. Eleonore KÖhler
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology; Maastricht University; Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Wouter H. Lamers
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology; Maastricht University; Maastricht The Netherlands
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
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147
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Postnatal growth standards for preterm infants: the Preterm Postnatal Follow-up Study of the INTERGROWTH-21(st) Project. LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH 2016; 3:e681-91. [PMID: 26475015 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(15)00163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Charts of size at birth are used to assess the postnatal growth of preterm babies on the assumption that extrauterine growth should mimic that in the uterus. METHODS The INTERGROWTH-21(st) Project assessed fetal, newborn, and postnatal growth in eight geographically defined populations, in which maternal health care and nutritional needs were met. From these populations, the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study selected low-risk women starting antenatal care before 14 weeks' gestation and monitored fetal growth by ultrasonography. All preterm births from this cohort were eligible for the Preterm Postnatal Follow-up Study, which included standardised anthropometric measurements, feeding practices based on breastfeeding, and data on morbidity, treatments, and development. To construct the preterm postnatal growth standards, we selected all live singletons born between 26 and before 37 weeks' gestation without congenital malformations, fetal growth restriction, or severe postnatal morbidity. We did analyses with second-degree fractional polynomial regression models in a multilevel framework accounting for repeated measures. Fetal and neonatal data were pooled from study sites and stratified by postmenstrual age. For neonates, boys and girls were assessed separately. FINDINGS From 4607 women enrolled in the study, there were 224 preterm singleton births, of which 201 (90%) were enrolled in the Preterm Postnatal Follow-up Study. Variance component analysis showed that only 0·2% and 4·0% of the total variability in postnatal length and head circumference, respectively, could be attributed to between-site differences, justifying pooling the data from all study sites. Preterm growth patterns differed from those for babies in the INTERGROWTH-21(st) Newborn Size Standards. They overlapped with the WHO Child Growth Standards for term babies by 64 weeks' postmenstrual age. INTERPRETATION Our data have yielded standards for postnatal growth in preterm infants. These standards should be used for the assessment of preterm infants until 64 weeks' postmenstrual age, after which the WHO Child Growth Standards are appropriate. Size-at-birth charts should not be used to measure postnatal growth of preterm infants. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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148
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Şahin Aker S, Yüce T, Kalafat E, Seval M, Söylemez F. Association of first trimester serum uric acid levels gestational diabetes mellitus development. Turk J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 13:71-74. [PMID: 28913095 PMCID: PMC5558341 DOI: 10.4274/tjod.69376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of first trimester serum uric acid levels with the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in low-risk pregnant women. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective data analysis, the results of pregnant women who completed both first trimester biochemical panel and two-step GDM screening were compared with an age-, body mass index, and gestational age-matched control group. The women were grouped as either GDM or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) according to 100-g oral glucose challenge results. Uric acid levels were compared between the groups and diagnostic utility was tested with receiver-operating characteristics curves. RESULTS Sixty-six women in GDM group and 358 women in the IGT group were compared against 202 healthy pregnant women. The groups did not differ significantly in terms of parity, pre-gestational body mass index and gestational age. Serum samples for uric acid levels were obtained. The mean serum uric acid levels were significantly higher in the GDM and IGT groups (5.95 mg/dL (±0.97 mg/dL) and 4.76 mg/dL (±1.51 mg/dL), respectively) compared with the control group (3.76 mg/dL (±1.07 mg/dL) (p<0.001). The area under the curve for uric acid levels was 0.92 (95% confidence interval 0.88-0.95) for diagnosis of GDM. At a diagnostic threshold of 3.95 mg/dL, uric acid levels predicted development of GDM with 60% specificity and 100% sensitivity. CONCLUSION First trimester serum uric acid has a linear association with the development of GDM and IGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Şahin Aker
- Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tuncay Yüce
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erkan Kalafat
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Seval
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Feride Söylemez
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey
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149
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Abstract
This review discusses available literature on the diagnosis and management of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in women with type 1 diabetes. IUGR is diagnosed when ultrasound-estimated fetal weight is below the 10th percentile for gestational age. IUGR diagnosis implies a pathologic process behind low fetal weight. IUGR in pregnancy complicated by type 1 diabetes is usually caused by placental dysfunction related to maternal vasculopathy. Prevention of IUGR should ideally start before pregnancy. Strict glycemic control and intensive treatment of nephropathy and hypertension are essential. Low-dose aspirin initiated before 16 gestational weeks can also reduce IUGR risk in women with vasculopathy. Umbilical and uterine artery Doppler studies can guide diagnosis and surveillance of fetuses with IUGR. Decisions regarding the timing of delivery should be based on assessment of umbilical artery Doppler. The risk of prematurity and impaired fetal lung maturation should always be considered, especially in fetuses younger than 32 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Gutaj
- Department of Obstetrics and Women’s Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Wender-Ozegowska
- Department of Obstetrics and Women’s Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
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Cheikh Ismail L, Bishop DC, Pang R, Ohuma EO, Kac G, Abrams B, Rasmussen K, Barros FC, Hirst JE, Lambert A, Papageorghiou AT, Stones W, Jaffer YA, Altman DG, Noble JA, Giolito MR, Gravett MG, Purwar M, Kennedy SH, Bhutta ZA, Villar J. Gestational weight gain standards based on women enrolled in the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project: a prospective longitudinal cohort study. BMJ 2016; 352:i555. [PMID: 26926301 PMCID: PMC4770850 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.i555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe patterns in maternal gestational weight gain (GWG) in healthy pregnancies with good maternal and perinatal outcomes. DESIGN Prospective longitudinal observational study. SETTING Eight geographically diverse urban regions in Brazil, China, India, Italy, Kenya, Oman, United Kingdom, and United States, April 2009 to March 2014. PARTICIPANTS Healthy, well nourished, and educated women enrolled in the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study component of the INTERGROWTH-21(st) Project, who had a body mass index (BMI) of 18.50-24.99 in the first trimester of pregnancy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Maternal weight measured with standardised methods and identical equipment every five weeks (plus/minus one week) from the first antenatal visit (<14 weeks' gestation) to delivery. After confirmation that data from the study sites could be pooled, a multilevel, linear regression analysis accounting for repeated measures, adjusted for gestational age, was applied to produce the GWG values. RESULTS 13,108 pregnant women at <14 weeks' gestation were screened, and 4607 met the eligibility criteria, provided consent, and were enrolled. The variance within sites (59.6%) was six times higher than the variance between sites (9.6%). The mean GWGs were 1.64 kg, 2.86 kg, 2.86 kg, 2.59 kg, and 2.56 kg for the gestational age windows 14-18(+6) weeks, 19-23(+6) weeks, 24-28(+6) weeks, 29-33(+6) weeks, and 34-40(+0) weeks, respectively. Total mean weight gain at 40 weeks' gestation was 13.7 (SD 4.5) kg for 3097 eligible women with a normal BMI in the first trimester. Of all the weight measurements, 71.7% (10,639/14,846) and 94.9% (14,085/14,846) fell within the expected 1 SD and 2 SD thresholds, respectively. Data were used to determine fitted 3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 97th smoothed GWG centiles by exact week of gestation, with equations for the mean and standard deviation to calculate any desired centiles according to gestational age in exact weeks. CONCLUSIONS Weight gain in pregnancy is similar across the eight populations studied. Therefore, the standards generated in this study of healthy, well nourished women may be used to guide recommendations on optimal gestational weight gain worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Cheikh Ismail
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Deborah C Bishop
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ruyan Pang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Eric O Ohuma
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gilberto Kac
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro/Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro/Nutrition Institute, Departamento de Nutrição Social e Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Barbara Abrams
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Fernando C Barros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jane E Hirst
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ann Lambert
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aris T Papageorghiou
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - William Stones
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, UK
| | - Yasmin A Jaffer
- Department of Family and Community Health, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Douglas G Altman
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J Alison Noble
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Rosa Giolito
- Direttore SC consultori familiari e pediatria di comunità, Torino, Italy
| | - Michael G Gravett
- Global Alliance to Prevent Prematurity and Stillbirth (GAPPS), Seattle Children's, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Manorama Purwar
- Nagpur INTERGROWTH-21 Research Centre, Ketkar Hospital, Nagpur, India
| | - Stephen H Kennedy
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, TN, Canada
| | - José Villar
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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