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Marsili G, Perrotti E, Remoli AL, Acchioni C, Sgarbanti M, Battistini A. IFN Regulatory Factors and Antiviral Innate Immunity: How Viruses Can Get Better. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2018; 36:414-32. [PMID: 27379864 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2016.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family consists of transcriptional regulators that exert multifaceted and versatile functions in multiple biological processes. Their crucial role as central mediators in the establishment and execution of host immunity in response to pathogen-derived signals downstream pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) makes IRFs a hallmark of the host antiviral response. They function as hub molecules at the crossroad of different signaling pathways for the induction of interferon (IFN) and inflammatory cytokines, as well as of antiviral and immunomodulatory genes even in an IFN-independent manner. By regulating the development and activity of immune cells, IRFs also function as a bridge between innate and adaptive responses. As such, IRFs represent attractive and compulsive targets in viral strategies to subvert antiviral signaling. In this study, we discuss current knowledge on the wide array of strategies put in place by pathogenic viruses to evade, subvert, and/or hijack these essential components of host antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Marsili
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome, Italy
| | - Edvige Perrotti
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Remoli
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Acchioni
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Sgarbanti
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Battistini
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome, Italy
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Hu J, Hu Z, Wang X, Gu M, Gao Z, Liang Y, Ma C, Liu X, Hu S, Chen S, Peng D, Jiao X, Liu X. Deep sequencing of the mouse lung transcriptome reveals distinct long non-coding RNAs expression associated with the high virulence of H5N1 avian influenza virus in mice. Virulence 2018; 9:1092-1111. [PMID: 30052469 PMCID: PMC6086314 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1475795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play multiple key regulatory roles in various biological processes. However, their function in influenza A virus (IAV) pathogenicity remains largely unexplored. Here, using next generation sequencing, we systemically compared the whole-transcriptome response of the mouse lung infected with either the highly pathogenic (A/Chicken/Jiangsu/k0402/2010, CK10) or the nonpathogenic (A/Goose/Jiangsu/k0403/2010, GS10) H5N1 virus. A total of 126 significantly differentially expressed (SDE) lncRNAs from three replicates were identified to be associated with the high virulence of CK10, whereas 94 SDE lncRNAs were related with GS10. Functional category analysis suggested that the SDE lncRNAs-coexpressed mRNAs regulated by CK10 were highly related with aberrant and uncontrolled inflammatory responses. Further canonical pathway analysis also confirmed that these targets were highly enriched for inflammatory-related pathways. Moreover, 9 lncRNAs and 17 lncRNAs-coexpressed mRNAs associated with a large number of targeted genes were successfully verified by qRT-PCR. One targeted lncRNA (NONMMUT011061) that was markedly activated and correlated with a great number of mRNAs was selected for further in-depth analysis, including predication of transcription factors, potential interacting proteins, genomic location, coding ability and construction of the secondary structure. More importantly, NONMMUT011061 was also distinctively stimulated during the highly pathogenic H5N8 virus infection in mice, suggesting a potential universal role of NONMMUT011061 in the pathogenesis of different H5 IAV. Altogether, these results provide a subset of lncRNAs that might play important roles in the pathogenesis of influenza virus and add the lncRNAs to the vast repertoire of host factors utilized by IAV for infection and persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zenglei Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Min Gu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhao Gao
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Liang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chunxi Ma
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Sujuan Chen
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Daxing Peng
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China (26116120), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Tang J, Jiang L, Liu W, Lou B, Wu C, Zhang J. Expression and functional characterization of interferon regulatory factors 4, 8, and 9 in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 78:35-41. [PMID: 28928075 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-4, 8, and 9 are essential in host defense against pathogens. Here, the full-length coding sequence (CDS), protein structure, and immune response of IRF4/8/9 (lc IRF4/8/9) were characterized in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). The open reading frame of lcIRF4, lcIRF8 and lcIRF9 encoded putative proteins of 463,422 and 406 amino acids, respectively. These IRFs share high sequence homology with other vertebrate IRFs and were constitutively expressed in all examined tissues. IRFs were upregulated following stimulation with Vibrio anguillarum in the liver, spleen, and kidney. These results suggest that IRF4/8/9 are vital in the defense of L. crocea against bacterial infection and further increase our understanding of IRFs function in innate immunity in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingteng Tang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1 Haida South Road, Dinghai District, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province 316022, China
| | - Lihua Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1 Haida South Road, Dinghai District, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province 316022, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1 Haida South Road, Dinghai District, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province 316022, China
| | - Bao Lou
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1 Haida South Road, Dinghai District, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province 316022, China
| | - Changwen Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1 Haida South Road, Dinghai District, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province 316022, China
| | - Jianshe Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1 Haida South Road, Dinghai District, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province 316022, China.
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104
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Li C, Xu MM, Wang K, Adler AJ, Vella AT, Zhou B. Macrophage polarization and meta-inflammation. Transl Res 2018; 191:29-44. [PMID: 29154757 PMCID: PMC5776711 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic overnutrition and obesity induces low-grade inflammation throughout the body. Termed "meta-inflammation," this chronic state of inflammation is mediated by macrophages located within the colon, liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. A sentinel orchestrator of immune activity and homeostasis, macrophages adopt variable states of activation as a function of time and environmental cues. Meta-inflammation phenotypically skews these polarization states and has been linked to numerous metabolic disorders. The past decade has revealed several key regulators of macrophage polarization, including the signal transducer and activator of transcription family, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, the CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBP) family, and the interferon regulatory factors. Recent studies have also suggested that microRNAs and long noncoding RNA influence macrophage polarization. The pathogenic alteration of macrophage polarization in meta-inflammation is regulated by both extracellular and intracellular cues, resulting in distinct secretome profiles. Meta-inflammation-altered macrophage polarization has been linked to insulin insensitivity, atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, and autoimmunity. Thus, further mechanistic exploration into the skewing of macrophage polarization promises to have profound impacts on improving global health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Li
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, Conn
| | - Maria M Xu
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, Conn
| | - Kepeng Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, Conn
| | - Adam J Adler
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, Conn
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, Conn.
| | - Beiyan Zhou
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, Conn.
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105
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Ulasov AV, Rosenkranz AA, Sobolev AS. Transcription factors: Time to deliver. J Control Release 2017; 269:24-35. [PMID: 29113792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are at the center of the broad regulatory network orchestrating gene expression programs that elicit different biological responses. For a long time, TFs have been considered as potent drug targets due to their implications in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. At the same time, TFs, located at convergence points of cellular regulatory pathways, are powerful tools providing opportunities both for cell type change and for managing the state of cells. This task formulation requires the TF modulation problem to come to the fore. We review several ways to manage TF activity (small molecules, transfection, nanocarriers, protein-based approaches), analyzing their limitations and the possibilities to overcome them. Delivery of TFs could revolutionize the biomedical field. Whether this forecast comes true will depend on the ability to develop convenient technologies for targeted delivery of TFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Ulasov
- Department of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A Rosenkranz
- Department of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskiye Gory St., 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Sobolev
- Department of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskiye Gory St., 119234 Moscow, Russia.
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106
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Janfeshan S, Yaghobi R, Eidi A, Karimi MH, Geramizadeh B, Malekhosseini SA, Kafilzadeh F. Study the Cross-talk Between Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Interferon Regulatory Factors in Liver Transplant Patients. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2017; 17. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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107
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Chistiakov DA, Myasoedova VA, Revin VV, Orekhov AN, Bobryshev YV. The impact of interferon-regulatory factors to macrophage differentiation and polarization into M1 and M2. Immunobiology 2017; 223:101-111. [PMID: 29032836 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mononuclear phagocytes control the body homeostasis through the involvement in resolving tissue injury and further wound healing. Indeed, local tissue microenvironmental changes can significantly influence the functional behavior of monocytes and macrophages. Such microenvironmental changes for example occur in an atherosclerotic plaque during all progression stages. In response to exogenous stimuli, macrophages show a great phenotypic plasticity and heterogeneity. Exposure of monocytes to inflammatory or anti-inflammatory conditions also induces predominant differentiation to proinflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophage subsets and phenotype switch between macrophage subsets. The phenotype transition is accompanied with great changes in the macrophage transcriptome and regulatory networks. Interferon-regulatory factors (IRFs) play a key role in hematopoietic development of monocytes, their differentiation to macrophages, and regulating macrophage maturation, phenotypic polarization, phenotypic switch, and function. Of 9 IRFs, at least 3 (IRF-1, IRF-5, and IRF-8) are involved in the commitment of proinflammatory M1 whereas IRF-3 and IRF-4 control M2 polarization. The role of IRF-2 is context-dependent. The IRF impact on macrophage phenotype plasticity and heterogeneity is complex and involves activating and repressive function in triggering transcription of target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitry A Chistiakov
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia; Department of Molecular Genetic Diagnostics and Cell Biology, Institute of Pediatrics, Research Center for Children's Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Veronika A Myasoedova
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor V Revin
- Biological Faculty, N.P. Ogaryov Mordovian State University, Republic of Mordovia, Saransk 430005, Russia
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri V Bobryshev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, NSW, Sydney, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.
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108
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Treuter E, Fan R, Huang Z, Jakobsson T, Venteclef N. Transcriptional repression in macrophages-basic mechanisms and alterations in metabolic inflammatory diseases. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:2959-2977. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eckardt Treuter
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition; Center for Innovative Medicine (CIMED); Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
| | - Rongrong Fan
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition; Center for Innovative Medicine (CIMED); Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
| | - Zhiqiang Huang
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition; Center for Innovative Medicine (CIMED); Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
| | - Tomas Jakobsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
| | - Nicolas Venteclef
- UMR_S 1138 Cordeliers Research; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM); Sorbonne Universités; Université Pierre et Marie-Curie; Paris France
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109
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Xu X, Chai K, Chen Y, Lin Y, Zhang S, Li X, Qiao W, Tan J. Interferon activates promoter of Nmi gene via interferon regulator factor-1. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 441:165-171. [PMID: 28913576 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3182-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
N-Myc interactor (Nmi) is reported to participate in many activities, such as signaling transduction, transcription regulation, and antiviral responses. As Nmi may play important roles in interferon (IFN)-induced responses, we investigated the mechanism how Nmi protein is regulated. We identified and cloned the promoter of Nmi gene. Sequence analysis and luciferase assays shown that an IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) and a GC box in the promoter were essential for the basal transcription activity of Nmi gene. We also found that interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) could activate transcription of Nmi by binding to the ISRE in the promoter. Knockdown of IRF-1 decreases IFN-induced Nmi transcription. These results revealed that IRF-1 is involved in the IFN-inducible expression of Nmi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Keli Chai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yuhang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yongquan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Suzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xin Li
- Biological Experiment Center, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wentao Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Juan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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110
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Interferon regulatory factors: A key to tumour immunity. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 49:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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111
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Nagel S, Pommerenke C, Meyer C, Kaufmann M, MacLeod RAF, Drexler HG. NKL homeobox gene MSX1 acts like a tumor suppressor in NK-cell leukemia. Oncotarget 2017; 8:66815-66832. [PMID: 28977998 PMCID: PMC5620138 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
NKL homeobox gene MSX1 is physiologically expressed in lymphoid progenitors and subsequently downregulated in developing T- and B-cells. In contrast, elevated expression levels of MSX1 persist in mature natural killer (NK)-cells, indicating a functional role in this compartment. While T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) subsets exhibit aberrant overexpression of MSX1, we show here that in malignant NK-cells the level of MSX1 transcripts is aberrantly downregulated. Chromosomal deletions at 4p16 hosting the MSX1 locus have been described in NK-cell leukemia patients. However, NK-cell lines analyzed here showed normal MSX1 gene configurations, indicating that this aberration might be uncommon. To identify alternative MSX1 regulatory mechanisms we compared expression profiling data of primary normal NK-cells and malignant NK-cell lines. This procedure revealed several deregulated genes including overexpressed IRF4, MIR155HG and MIR17HG and downregulated AUTS2, EP300, GATA3 and HHEX. As shown recently, chromatin-modulator AUTS2 is overexpressed in T-ALL subsets where it mediates aberrant transcriptional activation of MSX1. Here, our data demonstrate that in malignant NK-cell lines AUTS2 performed MSX1 activation as well, but in accordance with downregulated MSX1 transcription therein we detected reduced AUTS2 expression, a small genomic deletion at 7q11 removing exons 3 and 4, and truncating mutations in exon 1. Moreover, genomic profiling and chromosomal analyses of NK-cell lines demonstrated amplification of IRF4 at 6p25 and deletion of PRDM1 at 6q21, highlighting their potential oncogenic impact. Functional analyses performed via knockdown or forced expression of these genes revealed regulatory network disturbances effecting downregulation of MSX1 which may underlie malignant development in NK-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Nagel
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Claudia Pommerenke
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Corinna Meyer
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maren Kaufmann
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Roderick A F MacLeod
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hans G Drexler
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany
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Abstract
Background CD4+ T cells can be broadly divided into naïve and memory subsets, each of which are differentially impaired by the aging process. It is unclear if and how these differences are reflected at the transcriptomic level. We performed microarray profiling on RNA derived from naïve (CD44low) and memory (CD44high) CD4+ T cells derived from young (2–3 month) and old (28 month) mice, in order to better understand the mechanisms of age-related functional alterations in both subsets. We also performed follow-up bioinformatic analyses in order to determine the functional consequences of gene expression changes in both of these subsets, and identify regulatory factors potentially responsible for these changes. Results We found 185 and 328 genes differentially expressed (FDR ≤ 0.05) in young vs. old naïve and memory cells, respectively, with 50 genes differentially expressed in both subsets. Functional annotation analyses highlighted an increase in genes involved in apoptosis specific to aged naïve cells. Both subsets shared age-related increases in inflammatory signaling genes, along with a decrease in oxidative phosphorylation genes. Cis-regulatory analyses revealed enrichment of multiple transcription factor binding sites near genes with age-associated expression, in particular NF-κB and several forkhead box transcription factors. Enhancer associated histone modifications were enriched near genes down-regulated in naïve cells. Comparison of our results with previous mouse and human datasets indicates few overlapping genes overall, but suggest consistent up-regulation of Casp1 and Il1r2, and down-regulation of Foxp1 in both mouse and human CD4+ T cells. Conclusions The transcriptomes of naïve and memory CD4+ T cells are distinctly affected by the aging process. However, both subsets exhibit a common increase inflammatory genes and decrease in oxidative phosphorylation genes. NF-κB, forkhead box, and Myc transcription factors are implicated as upstream regulators of these gene expression changes in both subsets, with enhancer histone modifications potentially driving unique changes unique to naïve cells. Finally we conclude that there is little overlap in age-related gene expression changes between humans and mice; however, age-related alterations in a small subset of genes may be conserved. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12979-017-0092-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Reciprocal regulation of the Il9 locus by counteracting activities of transcription factors IRF1 and IRF4. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15366. [PMID: 28497800 PMCID: PMC5437292 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The T helper 9 (Th9) cell transcriptional network is formed by an equilibrium of signals induced by cytokines and antigen presentation. Here we show that, within this network, two interferon regulatory factors (IRF), IRF1 and IRF4, display opposing effects on Th9 differentiation. IRF4 dose-dependently promotes, whereas IRF1 inhibits, IL-9 production. Likewise, IRF1 inhibits IL-9 production by human Th9 cells. IRF1 counteracts IRF4-driven Il9 promoter activity, and IRF1 and IRF4 have opposing function on activating histone modifications, thus modulating RNA polymerase II recruitment. IRF1 occupancy correlates with decreased IRF4 abundance, suggesting an IRF1-IRF4-binding competition at the Il9 locus. Furthermore, IRF1 shapes Th9 cells with an interferon/Th1 gene signature. Consistently, IRF1 restricts the IL-9-dependent pathogenicity of Th9 cells in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Thus our study reveals that the molecular ratio between IRF4 and IRF1 balances Th9 fate, thus providing new possibilities for manipulation of Th9 differentiation. IFN-γ signalling inhibits production of IL-9, the defining cytokine of the Th9 cell subset. Here the authors show that IFN-γ does this by driving IRF1 to compete with IRF4 for Il9 promoter binding and skewing these cells towards a Th1 phenotype, an effect that reduces asthmatic inflammation in mice.
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The innate immune signaling in cancer and cardiometabolic diseases: Friends or foes? Cancer Lett 2017; 387:46-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Liu H, Cheng WL, Jiang X, Wang PX, Fang C, Zhu XY, Huang Z, She ZG, Li H. Ablation of Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 Protects Against Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. Hypertension 2017; 69:510-520. [PMID: 28115514 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.08395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The secretion of adhesion molecules by endothelial cells, as well as the subsequent infiltration of macrophages, determines the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that IRF3 (interferon regulatory factor 3) is required for the induction of proinflammatory cytokines and for endothelial cell proliferation. However, the effect and underlying mechanism of IRF3 on atherogenesis remain unknown. Our results demonstrated a moderate-to-strong immunoreactivity effect associated with IRF3 in the endothelium and macrophages of the atherosclerotic plaques in patients with coronary heart disease and in hyperlipidemic mice. IRF3-/-ApoE-/- mice showed significantly decreased atherosclerotic lesions in the whole aorta, aortic sinus, and brachiocephalic arteries. The bone marrow transplantation further suggested that the amelioration of atherosclerosis might be attributed to the effects of IRF3 deficiency mainly in endothelial cells, as well as in macrophages. The enhanced stability of atherosclerotic plaques in IRF3-/-ApoE-/- mice was characterized by the reduction of necrotic core size, macrophage infiltration, and lipids, which was accompanied by increased collagen and smooth muscle cell content. Furthermore, multiple proinflammatory cytokines showed a marked decrease in IRF3-/-ApoE-/- mice. Mechanistically, IRF3 deficiency suppresses the secretion of VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1) and the expression of ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1) by directly binding to the ICAM-1 promoter, which subsequently attenuates macrophage infiltration. Thus, our study suggests that IRF3 might be a potential target for the treatment of atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li); and The Institute of Model Animals (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li), Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li), Collaborative Innovation Center of Model Animal (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li), Cardiovascular Research Institute (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li), and College of Life Science (Z.H.), Wuhan University, China
| | - Wen-Lin Cheng
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li); and The Institute of Model Animals (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li), Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li), Collaborative Innovation Center of Model Animal (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li), Cardiovascular Research Institute (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li), and College of Life Science (Z.H.), Wuhan University, China
| | - Xi Jiang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li); and The Institute of Model Animals (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li), Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li), Collaborative Innovation Center of Model Animal (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li), Cardiovascular Research Institute (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li), and College of Life Science (Z.H.), Wuhan University, China
| | - Pi-Xiao Wang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li); and The Institute of Model Animals (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li), Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li), Collaborative Innovation Center of Model Animal (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li), Cardiovascular Research Institute (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li), and College of Life Science (Z.H.), Wuhan University, China
| | - Chun Fang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li); and The Institute of Model Animals (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li), Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li), Collaborative Innovation Center of Model Animal (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li), Cardiovascular Research Institute (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li), and College of Life Science (Z.H.), Wuhan University, China
| | - Xue-Yong Zhu
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li); and The Institute of Model Animals (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li), Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li), Collaborative Innovation Center of Model Animal (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li), Cardiovascular Research Institute (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li), and College of Life Science (Z.H.), Wuhan University, China
| | - Zan Huang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li); and The Institute of Model Animals (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li), Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li), Collaborative Innovation Center of Model Animal (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li), Cardiovascular Research Institute (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li), and College of Life Science (Z.H.), Wuhan University, China
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li); and The Institute of Model Animals (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li), Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li), Collaborative Innovation Center of Model Animal (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li), Cardiovascular Research Institute (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li), and College of Life Science (Z.H.), Wuhan University, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li); and The Institute of Model Animals (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li), Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li), Collaborative Innovation Center of Model Animal (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li), Cardiovascular Research Institute (H. Liu, W.-L.C., X.J., P.-X.W., C.F., X.-Y.Z., Z.-G.S., H. Li), and College of Life Science (Z.H.), Wuhan University, China.
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Nam S, Lim JS. Essential role of interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) in immune cell development. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 39:1548-1555. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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117
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HIV-1 Tat Recruits HDM2 E3 Ligase To Target IRF-1 for Ubiquitination and Proteasomal Degradation. mBio 2016; 7:mBio.01528-16. [PMID: 27795392 PMCID: PMC5082900 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01528-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to its ability to regulate HIV-1 promoter activation, the viral transactivator Tat also functions as a determinant of pathogenesis and disease progression by directly and indirectly modulating the host anti-HIV response, largely through the capacity of Tat to interact with and modulate the activities of multiple host proteins. We previously demonstrated that Tat modulated both viral and host transcriptional machinery by interacting with the cellular transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1). In the present study, we investigated the mechanistic basis and functional significance of Tat−IRF-1 interaction and demonstrate that Tat dramatically decreased IRF-1 protein stability. To accomplish this, Tat exploited the cellular HDM2 (human double minute 2 protein) ubiquitin ligase to accelerate IRF-1 proteasome-mediated degradation, resulting in a quenching of IRF-1 transcriptional activity during HIV-1 infection. These data identify IRF-1 as a new target of Tat-induced modulation of the cellular protein machinery and reveal a new strategy developed by HIV-1 to evade host immune responses. Current therapies have dramatically reduced morbidity and mortality associated with HIV infection and have converted infection from a fatal pathology to a chronic disease that is manageable via antiretroviral therapy. Nevertheless, HIV-1 infection remains a challenge, and the identification of useful cellular targets for therapeutic intervention remains a major goal. The cellular transcription factor IRF-1 impacts various physiological functions, including the immune response to viral infection. In this study, we have identified a unique mechanism by which HIV-1 evades IRF-1-mediated host immune responses and show that the viral protein Tat accelerates IRF-1 proteasome-mediated degradation and inactivates IRF-1 function. Restoration of IRF-1 functionality may thus be regarded as a potential strategy to reinstate both a direct antiviral response and a more broadly acting immune regulatory circuit.
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Crow MS, Lum KK, Sheng X, Song B, Cristea IM. Diverse mechanisms evolved by DNA viruses to inhibit early host defenses. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 51:452-481. [PMID: 27650455 PMCID: PMC5285405 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2016.1226250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In mammalian cells, early defenses against infection by pathogens are mounted through a complex network of signaling pathways shepherded by immune-modulatory pattern-recognition receptors. As obligate parasites, the survival of viruses is dependent on the evolutionary acquisition of mechanisms that tactfully dismantle and subvert the cellular intrinsic and innate immune responses. Here, we review the diverse mechanisms by which viruses that accommodate DNA genomes are able to circumvent activation of cellular immunity. We start by discussing viral manipulation of host defense protein levels by either transcriptional regulation or protein degradation. We next review viral strategies used to repurpose or inhibit these cellular immune factors by molecular hijacking or by regulating their post-translational modification status. Additionally, we explore the infection-induced temporal modulation of apoptosis to facilitate viral replication and spread. Lastly, the co-evolution of viruses with their hosts is highlighted by the acquisition of elegant mechanisms for suppressing host defenses via viral mimicry of host factors. In closing, we present a perspective on how characterizing these viral evasion tactics both broadens the understanding of virus-host interactions and reveals essential functions of the immune system at the molecular level. This knowledge is critical in understanding the sources of viral pathogenesis, as well as for the design of antiviral therapeutics and autoimmunity treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marni S. Crow
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Krystal K. Lum
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Xinlei Sheng
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Bokai Song
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Ileana M. Cristea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544
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Nam S, Kang K, Cha JS, Kim JW, Lee HG, Kim Y, Yang Y, Lee MS, Lim JS. Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) controls myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) differentiation and function. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:1273-1284. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1a0215-068rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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120
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Liu D, Chen J, Zhang H, Hu M, Lou H, Liu Q, Zhang S, Hu G. Interferon regulatory factor 4b (IRF4b) in Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus: Sequencing, ubiquitous tissue distribution and inducible expression by poly(I:C) and DNA virus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 62:127-133. [PMID: 27084058 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) in mammals is known to be critical in regulation of development and functions of lymphomyeloid cell lineages. Recent studies have demonstrated its involvement in immune responses to bacterial and viral challenges in teleosts. In this study, an IRF4 gene was cloned from Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and its expression in response to polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] and lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) stimulations was studied in vivo. The cloned gene spans over 5.9 kb, comprises eight exons and seven introns and encodes a putative protein of 456 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence possesses a conserved DNA-binding domain (DBD), an IRF-association domain (IAD) and a nuclear localization signal (NLS). Phylogenetic analysis clustered it into the teleost IRF4b clade and, thus, it was named Paralichthys olivaceus (Po)IRF4b. The constitutive expression of PoIRF4b transcripts was detectable in all examined organs, with highest levels found in lymphomyeloid-rich tissues. They were induced by both poly(I:C) and LCDV with a similar inducibility in immune or non-immune organs. Two waves of induced expression of PoIRF4b were observed with the two stimuli during a 7-day time course in the immune organs, with the early-phase induction being stronger. The maximum increases of PoIRF4b transcript levels ranged from 1.3 to 4.0-fold and appeared at day 1-5 post-injection depending on different organs and stimuli. In both stimulation cases, the strongest induction was detected in spleen and the weakest in muscle. These results indicate that PoIRF4b may participate in regulation of immune responses of flounders to both RNA and DNA virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Liu
- First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration of China, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Jinjing Chen
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Mengzhu Hu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Huimin Lou
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qiuming Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shicui Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guobin Hu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Tian WL, Jiang ZX, Wang F, Guo R, Tang P, Huang YM, Sun L. IRF3 is involved in human acute myeloid leukemia through regulating the expression of miR-155. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:1130-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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122
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Zhu W, Li X, Fang S, Zhang X, Wang Y, Zhang T, Li Z, Xu Y, Qu S, Liu C, Gao F, Pan H, Wang G, Li H, Sun B. Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies Induce Macrophage Subset Disequilibrium in RA Patients. Inflammation 2016; 38:2067-75. [PMID: 26063186 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0188-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We used samples from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients to examine whether Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) alter macrophage subset distribution and promote RA development. Macrophage subset distributions and interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) and IRF5 expressions were analyzed. ACPAs were purified by affinity column. After RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients' macrophages were cocultured with ACPAs, macrophage subsets and IRF4 and IRF5 expressions were measured. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were transfected into ACPA-activated cells to suppress IRF4 or IRF5. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), Western blot, and immunohistochemistry were performed. Macrophage subset disequilibrium occurred in RA patient synovial fluids. IRF4 and IRF5 were all expressed in the synovial fluid and synovium. ACPAs (40 IU/ml) could induce macrophages to polarize to M1 subsets, and the percentage of increased M1/M2 ratio of RA patients was higher than that of the OA patients. ACPAs also induce IRF4 and IRF5 protein expressions. IRF5 siRNA transfection impaired ACPA activity significantly. We demonstrated that macrophage subset disequilibrium occurred in RA patients. ACPAs induced IRF5 activity and led to M1 macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology, Neurobiology Key Laboratory, Harbin Medical University, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
- Department of Immunology, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, 157011, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiu Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150086, China
| | - Shaohong Fang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150086, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, 157011, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150086, China
| | - Tongshuai Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Neurobiology Key Laboratory, Harbin Medical University, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Zhaoying Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Neurobiology Key Laboratory, Harbin Medical University, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Yanwen Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, Neurobiology Key Laboratory, Harbin Medical University, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Siying Qu
- Department of Neurobiology, Neurobiology Key Laboratory, Harbin Medical University, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Chuanliang Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Neurobiology Key Laboratory, Harbin Medical University, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China, 150086
| | - Haile Pan
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China, 150086
| | - Guangyou Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Neurobiology Key Laboratory, Harbin Medical University, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Hulun Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Neurobiology Key Laboratory, Harbin Medical University, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, Neurobiology Key Laboratory, Harbin Medical University, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Miyagawa F, Tagaya Y, Ozato K, Asada H. Essential Requirement for IFN Regulatory Factor 7 in Autoantibody Production but Not Development of Nephritis in Murine Lupus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:2167-76. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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124
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Chachi L, Gavrila A, Tliba O, Amrani Y. Abnormal corticosteroid signalling in airway smooth muscle: mechanisms and perspectives for the treatment of severe asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 45:1637-46. [PMID: 26017278 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Growing in vivo evidence supports the concept that airway smooth muscle produces various immunomodulatory factors that could contribute to asthma pathogenesis via the regulation of airway inflammation, airway narrowing and remodelling. Targeting ASM using bronchial thermoplasty has provided undeniable clinical benefits for patients with uncontrolled severe asthma who are refractory to glucocorticoid therapy. The present review will explain why the failure of glucocorticoids to adequately manage patients with severe asthma could derive from their inability to affect the immunomodulatory potential of ASM. We will support the view that ASM sensitivity to glucocorticoid therapy can be blunted in severe asthma and will describe some of the factors and mechanisms that could be responsible for glucocorticoid insensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chachi
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - A Gavrila
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - O Tliba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Y Amrani
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Shu J, Wang XH, Zhou LB, Jiang CM, Yang WX, Jin R, Wang LL, Zhou GP. Expression of interferon regulatory factor 5 is regulated by the Sp1 transcription factor. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2815-22. [PMID: 27484157 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor, interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5), is important in the induction of type I interferon, proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and is involved in autoimmune diseases and tumourigenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying the transcriptional regulation of wild‑type IRF5 remain to be fully elucidated. The present study was primarily designed to clarify whether specificity protein 1 (Sp1) was involved in the regulation of IRF5. Initially, the IRF5 promoter region was cloned and its promoter activity was examined using Hela and HEK 293 cells. Deletion analyses revealed that the region spanning ‑179 to +62 was the minimal promoter of IRF5. Bioinformatics analyses showed that this region contained three putative Sp1 binding sites, and mutational analyses revealed that all the Sp1 sites contributed to transcriptional activity. Secondly, the overexpression of Sp1 was found to increase the activity of the IRF5 promoter and the mRNA level of IRF5, determined using reporter gene assays and polymerase chain reaction analysis, respectively. By contrast, treatment with mithramycin and Sp1 small interfering RNA significantly reduced the activity of the IRF5 promoter and the mRNA level of IRF5. Finally, the results of an electrophoretic mobility shift assay and a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that Sp1 bound to the promoter region of IRF5 in vitro and in vivo. These results suggested that the Sp1 transcription factor is the primary determinant for activating the basal transcription of the IRF5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Shu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hua Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Lan-Bo Zhou
- 2013 Clinical Class 7, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Ming Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Xia Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Rui Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Lu-Lu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Ping Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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Up-Regulation of Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 Involves in Neuronal Apoptosis After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Adult Rats. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:2937-2947. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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127
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Mancino A, Natoli G. Specificity and Function of IRF Family Transcription Factors: Insights from Genomics. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2016; 36:462-9. [DOI: 10.1089/jir.2016.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Mancino
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Natoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy
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Corrales L, McWhirter SM, Dubensky TW, Gajewski TF. The host STING pathway at the interface of cancer and immunity. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:2404-11. [PMID: 27367184 DOI: 10.1172/jci86892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A major subset of human cancers shows evidence for spontaneous adaptive immunity, which is reflected by the presence of infiltrating CD8+ T cells specific for tumor antigens within the tumor microenvironment. This observation has raised the question of which innate immune sensing pathway might detect the presence of cancer and lead to a natural adaptive antitumor immune response in the absence of exogenous infectious pathogens. Evidence for a critical functional role for type I IFNs led to interrogation of candidate innate immune sensing pathways that might be triggered by tumor presence and induce type I IFN production. Such analyses have revealed a major role for the stimulator of IFN genes pathway (STING pathway), which senses cytosolic tumor-derived DNA within the cytosol of tumor-infiltrating DCs. Activation of this pathway is correlated with IFN-β production and induction of antitumor T cells. Based on the biology of this natural immune response, pharmacologic agonists of the STING pathway are being developed to augment and optimize STING activation as a cancer therapy. Intratumoral administration of STING agonists results in remarkable therapeutic activity in mouse models, and STING agonists are being carried forward into phase I clinical testing.
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Zhang ZX, Shen CF, Shou LH, Fang Q. IRF-3 gene polymorphisms are associated with the susceptibility to and the survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and could also serve as an auxiliary index. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 58:646-654. [PMID: 27348780 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1193858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this article was to investigate the relationship between IRF-3 gene polymorphisms and the susceptibility and prognosis of CLL. Between January 2011 and August 2012, 108 CLL patients and 112 healthy were enrolled in the study. DHPLC and Shesis software were applied in our study. In rs7251, CG genotype may increase the CLL risk. In the rs2304206, the alleles T may increase the CLL risk. The GTC haplotype can decrease the CLL risk in normal people, the GTT haplotype can increase the CLL risk in normal people. After treatment, in the rs7251, the event-free survival (EFS) in patients carrying CC genotype was higher than those carrying CG + GG genotype. In the rs2304206, the EFS in patients carrying CC genotype was higher than those carrying CT + TT genotype. IRF-3 gene polymorphisms were associated with the susceptibility and prognosis of CLL, it can be used as an auxiliary index for clinical detection of CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Xin Zhang
- a Department of Clinical Laboratory , Huzhou Central Hospital , Huzhou , P.R. China
| | - Cui-Fen Shen
- a Department of Clinical Laboratory , Huzhou Central Hospital , Huzhou , P.R. China
| | - Li-Hong Shou
- b Department of Hematology , Huzhou Central Hospital , Huzhou , P.R. China
| | - Qiu Fang
- b Department of Hematology , Huzhou Central Hospital , Huzhou , P.R. China
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130
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Ma S, Liu M, Xu Z, Li Y, Guo H, Ge Y, Liu Y, Zheng D, Shi J. A double feedback loop mediated by microRNA-23a/27a/24-2 regulates M1 versus M2 macrophage polarization and thus regulates cancer progression. Oncotarget 2016; 7:13502-19. [PMID: 26540574 PMCID: PMC4924657 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to microenvironmental signals, macrophages undergo different types of activation, including the "classic" pro-inflammatory phenotype (also called M1) and the "alternative" anti-inflammatory phenotype (also called M2). Macrophage polarized activation has profound effects on immune and inflammatory responses, but mechanisms underlying the various types of macrophage is still in its infancy. In this study, we reported that M1-type stimulation could down-regulate miR-23a/27a/24-2 cluster transcription through the binding of NF-κB to this cluster's promoter and that miR-23a in turn activated the NF-κB pathway by targeting A20 and thus promoted the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, STAT6 occupied the miR-23a/27a/24-2 cluster promoter and activated their transcription in IL-4-stimulated macrophages. In addition, miR-23a in turn suppressed the JAK1/STAT-6 pathway and reduced the production of M2 type cytokines by targeting JAK1 and STAT-6 directly, while miR-27a showed the same phenotype by targeting IRF4 and PPAR-γ. The miR-23a/27a/24-2 cluster was shown to be significantly decreased in TAMs of breast cancer patients, and macrophages overexpressing the miR-23a/27a/24-2 cluster inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Taken together, these data integrated microRNA expression and function into macrophage polarization networks and identified a double feedback loop consisting of the miR-23a/27a/24-2 cluster and the key regulators of the M1 and M2 macrophage polarization pathway. Moreover, miR-23a/27a/24-2 regulates the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages and thus promotes cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Ma
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Min Liu
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenbiao Xu
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanshuang Li
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Guo
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yehua Ge
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxin Liu
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dexian Zheng
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Shi
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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131
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Suprunenko T, Hofer MJ. The emerging role of interferon regulatory factor 9 in the antiviral host response and beyond. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 29:35-43. [PMID: 26987614 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The host response to viral infections relies on tightly regulated and intricate signaling pathways involving type I interferons (IFN-Is). The IFN-Is mediate their antiviral effects predominantly through a signaling factor complex that comprises the transcription factors, interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9) and the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) 1 and STAT2. While STAT1 and STAT2 have been studied extensively, the biological significance of IRF9 is only beginning to emerge. Recent studies have revealed a unique role for IRF9 as a conductor of the cellular responses to IFN-Is. Intriguingly, novel roles for IRF9 outside of the antiviral response are also being identified. Thus IRF9 may have a more extensive influence on cellular processes than previously recognized, ranging from antiviral immune responses to oncogenesis and gut homeostasis. In this review, we will focus on the distinct and emerging roles of IRF9 in the antiviral host response and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Suprunenko
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The Charles Perkins Centre and the Bosch Institute, Maze Crescent G08, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Markus J Hofer
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The Charles Perkins Centre and the Bosch Institute, Maze Crescent G08, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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132
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Tong C, Tian F, Tang Y, Feng C, Guan L, Zhang C, Zhao K. Positive Darwinian selection within interferon regulatory factor genes of Gymnocypris przewalskii (Cyprinidae) on the Tibetan Plateau. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 50:34-42. [PMID: 26774494 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tibetan Plateau (TP) had experienced phased uplift, resulting in inhospitable environment of low temperature, hypoxia and high ultraviolet radiation for Tibetan wildlife. Many organisms can well adapt to TP, it is of ecological and evolutionary interest to untangle how organisms adapt to extreme environment on TP through evolution. Previous studies mainly focused on hypoxia and metabolism related genes, but we know little about the evolutionary history of immune genes in Tibetan wildlife. In this study, we first identified 10 interferon regulatory factor (IRF) genes from Tibetan naked carp Gymnocypris przewalskii. Within this gene family, IRF3, IRF5, IRF7 and IRF8 contained positive selection sites. Evidences indicated that positive selection may lead to IRF genes functional alternations, presumably driving genes towards adaptation to the environmental changes. Taken together, our results suggested 4 candidate genes as interesting targets for further experimental confirmation of their functional variations and contributions to high altitude adaptation in Tibet fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tong
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810001, China; Laboratory of Plateau Fish Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810001, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810001, China; Laboratory of Plateau Fish Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Yongtao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810001, China; Laboratory of Plateau Fish Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810001, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chenguang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810001, China; Laboratory of Plateau Fish Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810001, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lihong Guan
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Cunfang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810001, China; Laboratory of Plateau Fish Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810001, China; Laboratory of Plateau Fish Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810001, China.
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133
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Xu HG, Liu L, Gao S, Jin R, Ren W, Zhou GP. Cloning and characterizing of the murine IRF-3 gene promoter region. Immunol Res 2016; 64:969-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8780-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Abstract
For many years innate immunity was regarded as a relatively nonspecific set of mechanisms serving as a first line of defence to contain infections while the more refined adaptive immune response was developing. The discovery of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) revolutionised the prevailing view of innate immunity, revealing its intimate connection with adaptive immunity and generation of effector and memory T- and B-cell responses. Among the PRRs, families of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLR), retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) and nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat-containing protein receptors (NLRs), along with a number of cytosolic DNA sensors and the family of absent in melanoma (AIM)-like receptors (ALRs), have been characterised. NLR sensors have been a particular focus of attention, and some NLRs have emerged as key orchestrators of the inflammatory response through the formation of large multiprotein complexes termed inflammasomes. However, several other functions not related to inflammasomes have also been described for NLRs. This chapter introduces the different families of PRRs, their signalling pathways, cross-regulation and their roles in immunosurveillance. The structure and function of NLRs is also discussed with particular focus on the non-inflammasome NLRs.
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135
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Tumor Suppressor Interferon-Regulatory Factor 1 Counteracts the Germinal Center Reaction Driven by a Cancer-Associated Gammaherpesvirus. J Virol 2015; 90:2818-29. [PMID: 26719266 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02774-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Gammaherpesviruses are ubiquitous pathogens that are associated with the development of B cell lymphomas. Gammaherpesviruses employ multiple mechanisms to transiently stimulate a broad, polyclonal germinal center reaction, an inherently mutagenic stage of B cell differentiation that is thought to be the primary target of malignant transformation in virus-driven lymphomagenesis. We found that this gammaherpesvirus-driven germinal center expansion was exaggerated and lost its transient nature in the absence of interferon-regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1), a transcription factor with antiviral and tumor suppressor functions. Uncontrolled and persistent expansion of germinal center B cells led to pathological changes in the spleens of chronically infected IRF-1-deficient animals. Additionally, we found decreased IRF-1 expression in cases of human posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder, a malignant condition associated with gammaherpesvirus infection. The results of our study define an unappreciated role for IRF-1 in B cell biology and provide insight into the potential mechanism of gammaherpesvirus-driven lymphomagenesis. IMPORTANCE Gammaherpesviruses establish lifelong infection in most adults and are associated with B cell lymphomas. While the infection is asymptomatic in many hosts, it is critical to identify individuals who may be at an increased risk of virus-induced cancer. Such identification is currently impossible, as the host risk factors that predispose individuals toward viral lymphomagenesis are poorly understood. The current study identifies interferon-regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) to be one of such candidate host factors. Specifically, we found that IRF-1 enforces long-term suppression of an inherently mutagenic stage of B cell differentiation that gammaherpesviruses are thought to target for transformation. Correspondingly, in the absence of IRF-1, chronic gammaherpesvirus infection induced pathological changes in the spleens of infected animals. Further, we found decreased IRF-1 expression in human gammaherpesvirus-induced B cell malignancies.
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Yuan S, Zheng T, Li P, Yang R, Ruan J, Huang S, Wu Z, Xu A. Characterization of Amphioxus IFN Regulatory Factor Family Reveals an Archaic Signaling Framework for Innate Immune Response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:5657-5666. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The IFN regulatory factor (IRF) family encodes transcription factors that play important roles in immune defense, stress response, reproduction, development, and carcinogenesis. Although the origin of the IRF family has been dated back to multicellular organisms, invertebrate IRFs differ from vertebrate IRFs in genomic structure and gene synteny, and little is known about their functions. Through comparison of multiple amphioxus genomes, in this study we suggested that amphioxus contains nine IRF members, whose orthologs are supposed to be shared among three amphioxus species. As the orthologs to the vertebrate IRF1 and IRF4 subgroups, Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense (bbt)IRF1 and bbtIRF8 bind the IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) and were upregulated when amphioxus intestinal cells were stimulated with poly(I:C). As amphioxus-specific IRFs, both bbtIRF3 and bbtIRF7 bind ISRE. When activated, they can be phosphorylated by bbtTBK1 and then translocate into nucleus for target gene transcription. As transcriptional repressors, bbtIRF2 and bbtIRF4 can inhibit the transcriptional activities of bbtIRF1, 3, 7, and 8 by competing for the binding of ISRE. Interestingly, amphioxus IRF2, IRF8, and Rel were identified as target genes of bbtIRF1, bbtIRF7, and bbtIRF3, respectively, suggesting a dynamic feedback regulation among amphioxus IRF and NF-κB. Collectively, to our knowledge we present for the first time an archaic IRF signaling framework in a basal chordate, shedding new insights into the origin and evolution of vertebrate IFN-based antiviral networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochun Yuan
- *State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China; and
| | - Tingting Zheng
- *State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China; and
| | - Peiyi Li
- *State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China; and
| | - Rirong Yang
- *State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China; and
| | - Jie Ruan
- *State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China; and
| | - Shengfeng Huang
- *State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China; and
| | - Zhenxin Wu
- *State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China; and
| | - Anlong Xu
- *State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China; and
- †Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
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ter Horst EN, Hakimzadeh N, van der Laan AM, Krijnen PAJ, Niessen HWM, Piek JJ. Modulators of Macrophage Polarization Influence Healing of the Infarcted Myocardium. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:29583-91. [PMID: 26690421 PMCID: PMC4691130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To diminish heart failure development after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), several preclinical studies have focused on influencing the inflammatory processes in the healing response post-AMI. The initial purpose of this healing response is to clear cell debris of the injured cardiac tissue and to eventually resolve inflammation and support scar tissue formation. This is a well-balanced reaction. However, excess inflammation can lead to infarct expansion, adverse ventricular remodeling and thereby propagate heart failure development. Different macrophage subtypes are centrally involved in both the promotion and resolution phase of inflammation. Modulation of macrophage subset polarization has been described to greatly affect the quality and outcome of healing after AMI. Therefore, it is of great interest to reveal the process of macrophage polarization to support the development of therapeutic targets. The current review summarizes (pre)clinical studies that demonstrate essential molecules involved in macrophage polarization that can be modulated and influence cardiac healing after AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis N ter Horst
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
- Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Netherlands Heart Institute, Moreelsepark 1, Utrecht 3511 EP, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorstraat 7, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands.
| | - Nazanin Hakimzadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
| | - Anja M van der Laan
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
| | - Paul A J Krijnen
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorstraat 7, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands.
| | - Hans W M Niessen
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorstraat 7, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands.
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, VU University Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan J Piek
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
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138
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Xu X, Lai Q, Gu M, Liu D, Hou Q, Liu X, Mi Y, Sun Z, Wang H, Lin G, Hu C. Fish IRF3 up-regulates the transcriptional level of IRF1, IRF2, IRF3 and IRF7 in CIK cells. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 47:978-985. [PMID: 26545324 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Interferon Regulatory Factors (IRFs) belong to a family of transcription factor involved in transcriptional regulation of type I IFN and IFN-stimulated genes (ISG) in cells. In the present study, an IRF3 full-length cDNA (termed CiIRF3, JX999055) and its promoter sequence were cloned by homology cloning strategy and genome walking from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The full-length cDNA sequence of CiIRF3 is comprised of a 5'UTR (195 bp), a 3'UTR (269 bp) and a largest open reading frame (ORF) of 1377 bp encoding a polypeptide of 458 amino acids. CiIRF3 has a conservative DNA-binding domain (DBD) at N-terminal and a relatively conserved interferon regulatory factors association domain (IAD). Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that CiIRF3 gathers together with other IRF-3 from higher vertebrates in the same branch. The promoter sequence of CiIRF3 (596 bp) consists of three IRF-E, a C/EBP beta, a NF-kappa B and a TATA-BOX. CiIRF3 was constitutively expressed at low level in different grass carp tissues but was rapidly up-regulated with Poly I:C stimulation. To study the molecular mechanism of CiIRF3 regulating the transcription of IRFs, CiIRF3 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 and purified by affinity chromatography with the Ni-NTA His-Bind Resin. Gel mobility shift assays revealed the affinity of CiIRF3 protein with promoters of CiIRF1, CiIRF2, CiIRF3 and CiIRF7 respectively. Then, CIK cells were co-transfected with pcDNA3.1-CiIRF3, pGL3-promotor (pGL3-CiIRF1, pGL3-CiIRF2, pGL3-CiIRF3, pGL3-CiIRF7) and luciferase reporter vector respectively. The cotransfection experiment showed that CiIRF3 increased the promoter activity of CiIRF1, CiIRF2, CiIRF3 and CiIRF7. Furthermore, overexpression of CiIRF3 in CIK cells also up-regulated the expressions of CiIRF1, CiIRF2, CiIRF3 and CiIRF7. So, CiIRF3 can improve the transcriptional level of CiIRF1, CiIRF2, CiIRF3 and CiIRF7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Xu
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Qinan Lai
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; Infectious Diseases Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Meihui Gu
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Qunhao Hou
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xiancheng Liu
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yichuan Mi
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhicheng Sun
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Haizhou Wang
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Gang Lin
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Chengyu Hu
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
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139
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Ando R, Shima H, Tamahara T, Sato Y, Watanabe-Matsui M, Kato H, Sax N, Motohashi H, Taguchi K, Yamamoto M, Nio M, Maeda T, Ochiai K, Muto A, Igarashi K. The Transcription Factor Bach2 Is Phosphorylated at Multiple Sites in Murine B Cells but a Single Site Prevents Its Nuclear Localization. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:1826-1840. [PMID: 26620562 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.661702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Bach2 regulates the immune system at multiple points, including class switch recombination (CSR) in activated B cells and the function of T cells in part by restricting their terminal differentiation. However, the regulation of Bach2 expression and its activity in the immune cells are still unclear. Here, we demonstrated that Bach2 mRNA expression decreased in Pten-deficient primary B cells. Bach2 was phosphorylated in primary B cells, which was increased upon the activation of the B cell receptor by an anti-immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody or CD40 ligand. Using specific inhibitors of kinases, the phosphorylation of Bach2 in activated B cells was shown to depend on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. The complex of mTOR and Raptor phosphorylated Bach2 in vitro. We identified multiple new phosphorylation sites of Bach2 by mass spectrometry analysis of epitope-tagged Bach2 expressed in the mature B cell line BAL17. Among the sites identified, serine 535 (Ser-535) was critical for the regulation of Bach2 because a single mutation of Ser-535 abolished cytoplasmic accumulation of Bach2, promoting its nuclear accumulation in pre-B cells, whereas Ser-509 played an auxiliary role. Bach2 repressor activity was enhanced by the Ser-535 mutation in B cells. These results suggest that the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway inhibits Bach2 by both repressing its expression and inducing its phosphorylation in B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Ando
- From the Departments of Biochemistry,; Pediatric Surgery, and
| | - Hiroki Shima
- From the Departments of Biochemistry,; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575, and
| | - Toru Tamahara
- From the Departments of Biochemistry,; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575, and; the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Seiryo-machi 4-1, Sendai 980-8575
| | | | | | | | - Nicolas Sax
- From the Departments of Biochemistry,; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575, and
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Seiryo-machi 4-1, Sendai 980-8575
| | - Keiko Taguchi
- Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575
| | | | - Tatsuya Maeda
- the Laboratory of Membrane Proteins, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Kyoko Ochiai
- From the Departments of Biochemistry,; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575, and; Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575
| | - Akihiko Muto
- From the Departments of Biochemistry,; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575, and
| | - Kazuhiko Igarashi
- From the Departments of Biochemistry,; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575, and; Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575,.
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140
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Ni MM, Xu T, Wang YR, He YH, Zhou Q, Huang C, Meng XM, Li J. Inhibition of IRF3 expression reduces TGF-β1-induced proliferation of hepatic stellate cells. J Physiol Biochem 2015; 72:9-23. [PMID: 26611114 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-015-0452-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic management of liver fibrosis remains an unresolved clinical problem. Activation of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) is a pivotal event in the progression of liver fibrosis. Recent reports have showed that inhibition of activated HSC proliferation contributes to the reversal of liver fibrosis. Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), one member of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family, is recently proven to be a critical modulator in cardiac fibrosis. And accumulating evidence demonstrated that IRF3 plays a crucial role in liver diseases, such as hepatic steatosis, liver inflammation, and alcoholic liver injury. However, the understanding of the function of IRF3 in liver fibrosis remains limited. Our results identified the role of IRF3 in regulating human HSC (LX-2 cell) cell proliferation and apoptosis. The present study indicated that the expression of IRF3 was significantly increased in HSCs in response to TGF-β1 stimulation. Moreover, a stable and unlimited source of human HSC, the LX-2 cell line, transfected with IRF3-siRNA significantly decreases the expression level of type I collagen (Col1a1) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in activated LX-2 cells. On the contrary, overexpression of IRF3 gives rise to an upregulation of Col1a1 and α-SMA in LX-2 cells, and further promoted HSC proliferation. Moreover, the inhibition of IRF3 significantly suppressed TGF-β1-induced HSC proliferation and increased its apoptosis. Of note, the present study indicated IRF3 may regulate LX-2 cell proliferation by via AKT signaling pathway. In summary, these observations suggest IRF3 may function as a novel regulator to modulate TGF-β1-induced LX-2 proliferation, at least in part, via AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-ming Ni
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Tao Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ya-rui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ying-hua He
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Qun Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiao-ming Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China. .,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Mei Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, China.
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141
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Gijselinck I, Van Mossevelde S, van der Zee J, Sieben A, Philtjens S, Heeman B, Engelborghs S, Vandenbulcke M, De Baets G, Bäumer V, Cuijt I, Van den Broeck M, Peeters K, Mattheijssens M, Rousseau F, Vandenberghe R, De Jonghe P, Cras P, De Deyn PP, Martin JJ, Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C. Loss of TBK1 is a frequent cause of frontotemporal dementia in a Belgian cohort. Neurology 2015; 85:2116-25. [PMID: 26581300 PMCID: PMC4691687 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000002220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the genetic contribution of TBK1, a gene implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and FTD-ALS, in Belgian FTD and ALS patient cohorts containing a significant part of genetically unresolved patients. Methods: We sequenced TBK1 in a hospital-based cohort of 482 unrelated patients with FTD and FTD-ALS and 147 patients with ALS and an extended Belgian FTD-ALS family DR158. We followed up mutation carriers by segregation studies, transcript and protein expression analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Results: We identified 11 patients carrying a loss-of-function (LOF) mutation resulting in an overall mutation frequency of 1.7% (11/629), 1.1% in patients with FTD (5/460), 3.4% in patients with ALS (5/147), and 4.5% in patients with FTD-ALS (1/22). We found 1 LOF mutation, p.Glu643del, in 6 unrelated patients segregating with disease in family DR158. Of 2 mutation carriers, brain and spinal cord was characterized by TDP-43-positive pathology. The LOF mutations including the p.Glu643del mutation led to loss of transcript or protein in blood and brain. Conclusions: TBK1 LOF mutations are the third most frequent cause of clinical FTD in the Belgian clinically based patient cohort, after C9orf72 and GRN, and the second most common cause of clinical ALS after C9orf72. These findings reinforce that FTD and ALS belong to the same disease continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Gijselinck
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sara Van Mossevelde
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Julie van der Zee
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Sieben
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Stéphanie Philtjens
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bavo Heeman
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Vandenbulcke
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Greet De Baets
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Veerle Bäumer
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ivy Cuijt
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marleen Van den Broeck
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Karin Peeters
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Mattheijssens
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Frederic Rousseau
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter De Jonghe
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Cras
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter P De Deyn
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Jacques Martin
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Cruts
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands.
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IRF8 suppresses pathological cardiac remodelling by inhibiting calcineurin signalling. Nat Commun 2015; 5:3303. [PMID: 24526256 PMCID: PMC3929801 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is known to affect the innate immune response, for example, by regulating the differentiation and function of immune cells. However, whether IRF8 can influence cardiac hypertrophy is unknown. Here we show that IRF8 levels are decreased in human dilated/hypertrophic cardiomyopathic hearts and in murine hypertrophic hearts. Mice overexpressing Irf8 specifically in the heart are resistant to aortic banding (AB)-induced cardiac hypertrophy, whereas mice lacking IRF8 either globally or specifically in cardiomyocytes develop an aggravated phenotype induced by pressure overload. Mechanistically, we show that IRF8 directly interacts with NFATc1 to prevent NFATc1 translocation and thus inhibits the hypertrophic response. Inhibition of NFATc1 ameliorates the cardiac abnormalities in IRF8(-/-) mice after AB. In contrast, constitutive activation of NFATc1 nullifies the protective effects of IRF8 on cardiac hypertrophy in IRF8-overexpressing mice. Our results indicate that IRF8 is a potential therapeutic target in pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
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143
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Huang B, Jia QQ, Liang Y, Huang WS, Nie P. Interferon regulatory factor 10 (IRF10): Cloning in orange spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides, and evolutionary analysis in vertebrates. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 46:669-677. [PMID: 26260314 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
IRF10 gene was cloned in orange spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides, and its expression was examined following poly(I:C) stimulation and bacterial infection. The cDNA sequence of grouper IRF10 contains an open reading frame of 1197 bp, flanked by 99 bp 5'-untranslated region and 480 bp 3'- untranslated region. Multiple alignments showed that the grouper IRF10 has a highly conserved DNA binding domain in the N terminus with characteristic motif containing five tryptophan residues. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the expression of IRF10 was responsive to both poly(I:C) stimulation and Vibrio parahemolyticus infection, with a higher increase to poly(I:C), indicating an important role of IRF10 in host immune response during infection. A phyletic distribution of IRF members was also examined in vertebrates, and IRF10 was found in most lineages of vertebrates, not in modern primates and rodents. It is suggested that the first divergence of IRF members might have occurred before the evolutionary split of vertebrate and cephalochordates, producing ancestors of IRF (1/2/11) and IRF (4/8/9/10)[(3/7) (5/6)], and that the second and/or third divergence of IRF members occurred following the split, thus leading to the subsets of the IRF family in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Huang
- College of Fisheries, Jimei University, 43 Yindou Road, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361021, China
| | - Qin Qin Jia
- College of Fisheries, Jimei University, 43 Yindou Road, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361021, China
| | - Ying Liang
- College of Fisheries, Jimei University, 43 Yindou Road, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361021, China
| | - Wen Shu Huang
- College of Fisheries, Jimei University, 43 Yindou Road, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361021, China
| | - P Nie
- College of Fisheries, Jimei University, 43 Yindou Road, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361021, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China.
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144
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Condamine T, Mastio J, Gabrilovich DI. Transcriptional regulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 98:913-22. [PMID: 26337512 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4ri0515-204r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells are a heterogeneous group of pathologically activated immature cells that play a major role in the negative regulation of the immune response in cancer, autoimmunity, many chronic infections, and inflammatory conditions, as well as in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis, tumor cell invasion, and metastases. Accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells is governed by a network of transcriptional regulators that could be combined into 2 partially overlapping groups: factors promoting myelopoiesis and preventing differentiation of mature myeloid cells and factors promoting pathologic activation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. In this review, we discuss the specific nature of these factors and their impact on myeloid-derived suppressor cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jérôme Mastio
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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145
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Iyer S, Upadhyay PK, Majumdar SS, Nagarajan P. Animal Models Correlating Immune Cells for the Development of NAFLD/NASH. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2015; 5:239-45. [PMID: 26628841 PMCID: PMC4632099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This review mainly elaborates on the animal models available for understanding the pathogenesis of the second hit of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) involving immune system. This is known to be a step forward from simple steatosis caused during the first hit, which leads to the stage of inflammation followed by more serious liver conditions like non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. Immune-deficient animal models serve as an important tool for understanding the role of a specific cell type or a cytokine in the progression of NAFLD. These animal models can be used in combination with the already available animal models of NAFLD, including dietary models, as well as genetically modified mouse models. Advancements in molecular biological techniques enabled researchers to produce several new animal models for the study of NAFLD, including knockin, generalized knockout, and tissue-specific knockout mice. Development of NASH/NAFLD in various animal models having compromised immune system is discussed in this review.
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Key Words
- APPs, acute-phase proteins
- BAFF, B cell activating factor
- Btk, Bruton's tyrosine kinase gene
- DAMPs, damage-associated molecular patterns
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- IRFs, Interferon regulatory factors
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase
- MCD, methionine choline-deficient
- NAFLD
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- NLRs, Nod-like receptors
- PAMPs, pathogen-associated molecular patterns
- immune cells
- mouse models
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Perumal Nagarajan
- Address for correspondence: Perumal Nagarajan, National Institute of Immunology, Experimental Animal Facility, JNU Campus, New Delhi 110067, India. Tel.: +91 11 26703709; fax: +91 11 26742125.
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146
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Lu LF, Li S, Lu XB, Zhang YA. Functions of the two zebrafish MAVS variants are opposite in the induction of IFN1 by targeting IRF7. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 45:574-582. [PMID: 25989622 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
IFNs create the first line of host cells to defense viral infection, however, unrestricted expression of IFN can be hazardous to the host. IRF7 is the master regulator of type I IFN expression. To our knowledge, non research about the inhibition of IFN expression by targeting IRF7 has been reported in fish. In this study, we reported that the splicing variant of wildtype MAVS (MAVS_tv1), MAVS_tv2, negatively regulated IRF7-mediated IFN production. Firstly, in vivo, the transcriptional levels of MAVS_tv2 in trunk kidney and spleen from the zebrafish infected with SVCV were monitored. Then, in vitro, the protein expression pattern of MAVS_tv2 in zebrafish cell lines was detected using anti-MAVS_tv2 antibody. Furthermore, overexpression of MAVS_tv2 decreased the activation of IFN1 promoter that induced by IRF7 in a dose-dependent manner, whereas it had little effect on IRF3, a close relative of IRF7. In addition, such inhibition was also observed in IRF7-mediated epcIFN promoter and ISRE activities, but not in the activation of the promoters of type II IFNs and NF-ĸB, due to IRF7 not regulating their expression. Lastly, overexpression of MAVS_tv2 decreased the transcriptional levels of several IFN-stimulated genes activated by IRF7. These findings suggest that MAVS_tv2 is a negative regulator of IFN1 by targeting IRF7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Feng Lu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shun Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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147
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Lee W, Kim HS, Baek SY, Lee GR. Transcription factor IRF8 controls Th1-like regulatory T-cell function. Cell Mol Immunol 2015; 13:785-794. [PMID: 26166768 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2015.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that regulatory T (Treg) cells comprise a heterogeneous population that regulates various aspects of the immune response, and that Treg cells use the factors that are expressed in their target cells to regulate them. We searched for factors that regulate Th1 response in Treg cells using a meta-analysis. In the process, we discovered that transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) was selectively expressed in Treg and Th1 cells. IRF8-deficient Treg cells showed defective expression of CXCR3 and aberrant expression of the Il4 and Il17 genes. Upon treatment with alpha galactosyl-C18-ceramide (αGal-C18-Cer), IRF8-deficient mice showed defective Treg cell recruitment in the liver. Eliciting Th1 immune response by anti-CD40 antibody injection in mice induced IRF8 expression in Treg cells. The expression of IRF8 was induced by Foxp3 in Treg cells. IRF8 had no effect on T-bet expression in Treg and vice versa. Thus, our results strongly suggest that IRF8 controls Th1 immune response in Treg cells independent of T-bet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonyong Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 121-742, Korea
| | - Hyeong Su Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 121-742, Korea
| | - Song Yi Baek
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 121-742, Korea
| | - Gap Ryol Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 121-742, Korea
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148
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Zengin T, Ekinci B, Kucukkose C, Yalcin-Ozuysal O. IRF6 Is Involved in the Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Transformation in MCF10A Cells Downstream of Notch Signaling. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132757. [PMID: 26161746 PMCID: PMC4498616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
IRF6, a member of Interferon Regulatory Factors (IRF) family, is involved in orofacial and epidermal development. In breast cancer cell lines ectopic expression of IRF6 reduces cell numbers suggesting a role as negative regulator of cell cycle. IRF6 is a direct target of canonical Notch signaling in keratinocyte differentiation. Notch is involved in luminal cell fate determination and stem cell regulation in the normal breast and is implicated as an oncogene in breast cancer. Notch activation is sufficient to induce proliferation and transformation in non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cell line, MCF10A. ΔNp63, which is downregulated by Notch activation in the breast, regulates IRF6 expression in keratinocytes. In this report, we investigate Notch-IRF6 and ΔNp63-IRF6 interactions in MCF10A and MDA MB 231 cells. We observed that in these cells, IRF6 expression is partially regulated by canonical Notch signaling and ΔNp63 downregulation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that IRF6 abrogation impairs Notch-induced proliferation and transformation in MCF10A cells. Thus, we confirm the previous findings by showing a tissue independent regulation of IRF6 by Notch signaling, and extend them by proposing a context dependent role for IRF6, which acts as a positive regulator of proliferation and transformation in MCF10A cells downstream of Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talip Zengin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Burcu Ekinci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cansu Kucukkose
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozden Yalcin-Ozuysal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
- * E-mail:
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149
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Zhang XJ, Zhang P, Li H. Interferon regulatory factor signalings in cardiometabolic diseases. Hypertension 2015; 66:222-47. [PMID: 26077571 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.04898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital (X.-J.Z., P.Z., H.L.) and Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.-J.Z., P.Z., H.L.), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China (X.-J.Z.)
| | - Peng Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital (X.-J.Z., P.Z., H.L.) and Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.-J.Z., P.Z., H.L.), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China (X.-J.Z.)
| | - Hongliang Li
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital (X.-J.Z., P.Z., H.L.) and Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.-J.Z., P.Z., H.L.), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China (X.-J.Z.).
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150
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Inkpen SM, Hori TS, Gamperl AK, Nash GW, Rise ML. Characterization and expression analyses of five interferon regulatory factor transcripts (Irf4a, Irf4b, Irf7, Irf8, Irf10) in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 44:365-381. [PMID: 25731920 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family of genes encodes a group of transcription factors that have important roles not only in regulating the expression of Type I interferons (IFNs) and other genes in the IFN pathway, but also in growth, development and the regulation of oncogenesis. In this study, several IRF family members (Irf4a, Irf4b, Irf7, Irf8, Irf10) in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) were characterized at the cDNA and putative amino acid levels, allowing for phylogenetic analysis of these proteins in teleost fish, as well as the development of gene-specific primers used in RT-PCR and quantitative PCR (QPCR) analyses. Two Atlantic cod Irf10 splice variants were identified and their presence confirmed by sequencing of the Irf10 genomic region. RT-PCR showed that Irf7, Irf8 and both Irf10 transcripts were expressed in all 15 cod tissues tested, while Irf4a and Irf4b were absent in some tissues. QPCR analysis of spleen expression expanded upon this, and upon previous work. All IRF transcripts in the study were responsive to stimulation by the viral mimic poly(I:C), and all except Irf4a were responsive to exposure to formalin-killed Aeromonas salmonicida (ASAL). These IRF genes, thus, are likely important in the cod immune response to both viral and bacterial infections. Increased temperature (10 °C to 16 °C) was also observed to modulate the antibacterial responses of all IRF transcripts, and the antiviral responses of Irf4b and Irf10-v2. This research supports earlier studies which reported that elevated temperature modulates the expression of many immune genes in Atlantic cod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina M Inkpen
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada.
| | - Tiago S Hori
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada.
| | - A Kurt Gamperl
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada.
| | - Gordon W Nash
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada.
| | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada.
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