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Riffo-Campos AL, Fuentes-Trillo A, Tang WY, Soriano Z, De Marco G, Rentero-Garrido P, Adam-Felici V, Lendinez-Tortajada V, Francesconi K, Goessler W, Ladd-Acosta C, Leon-Latre M, Casasnovas JA, Chaves FJ, Navas-Acien A, Guallar E, Tellez-Plaza M. In silico epigenetics of metal exposure and subclinical atherosclerosis in middle aged men: pilot results from the Aragon Workers Health Study. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0084. [PMID: 29685964 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored the association of metal levels with subclinical atherosclerosis and epigenetic changes in relevant biological pathways. Whole blood DNA Infinium Methylation 450 K data were obtained from 23 of 73 middle age men without clinically evident cardiovascular disease (CVD) who participated in the Aragon Workers Health Study in 2009 (baseline visit) and had available baseline urinary metals and subclinical atherosclerosis measures obtained in 2010-2013 (follow-up visit). The median metal levels were 7.36 µg g-1, 0.33 µg g-1, 0.11 µg g-1 and 0.07 µg g-1, for arsenic (sum of inorganic and methylated species), cadmium, antimony and tungsten, respectively. Urine cadmium and tungsten were associated with femoral and carotid intima-media thickness, respectively (Pearson's r = 0.27; p = 0.03 in both cases). Among nearest genes to identified differentially methylated regions (DMRs), 46% of metal-DMR genes overlapped with atherosclerosis-DMR genes (p < 0.001). Pathway enrichment analysis of atherosclerosis-DMR genes showed a role in inflammatory, metabolic and transport pathways. In in silico protein-to-protein interaction networks among proteins encoded by 162 and 108 genes attributed to atherosclerosis- and metal-DMRs, respectively, with proteins known to have a role in atherosclerosis pathways, we observed hub proteins in the network associated with both atherosclerosis and metal-DMRs (e.g. SMAD3 and NOP56), and also hub proteins associated with metal-DMRs only but with relevant connections with atherosclerosis effectors (e.g. SSTR5, HDAC4, AP2A2, CXCL12 and SSTR4). Our integrative in silico analysis demonstrates the feasibility of identifying epigenomic regions linked to environmental exposures and potentially involved in relevant pathways for human diseases. While our results support the hypothesis that metal exposures can influence health due to epigenetic changes, larger studies are needed to confirm our pilot results.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Frontiers in epigenetic chemical biology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela L Riffo-Campos
- Area of Cardiometabolic Risk, Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic of Valencia, Menendez Pelayo 4 Accesorio, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Azahara Fuentes-Trillo
- Genomics and Genetic Diagnostic Unit, Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic of Valencia, Menendez Pelayo 4 Accesorio, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Wan Y Tang
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Zoraida Soriano
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Griselda De Marco
- Genomics and Genetic Diagnostic Unit, Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic of Valencia, Menendez Pelayo 4 Accesorio, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Rentero-Garrido
- Genomics and Genetic Diagnostic Unit, Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic of Valencia, Menendez Pelayo 4 Accesorio, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Victoria Adam-Felici
- Genomics and Genetic Diagnostic Unit, Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic of Valencia, Menendez Pelayo 4 Accesorio, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Veronica Lendinez-Tortajada
- Genomics and Genetic Diagnostic Unit, Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic of Valencia, Menendez Pelayo 4 Accesorio, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Walter Goessler
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Montse Leon-Latre
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.,Servicio Aragones de Salud, 50071 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose A Casasnovas
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de Salud, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.,Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - F Javier Chaves
- Genomics and Genetic Diagnostic Unit, Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic of Valencia, Menendez Pelayo 4 Accesorio, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Eliseo Guallar
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Maria Tellez-Plaza
- Area of Cardiometabolic Risk, Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic of Valencia, Menendez Pelayo 4 Accesorio, 46010 Valencia, Spain .,Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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102
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Wu W, Liu D, Jiang S, Zhang K, Zhou H, Lu Q. Polymorphisms in gene MMP-2 modify the association of cadmium exposure with hypertension risk. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 124:441-447. [PMID: 30684802 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium exposure has been inconsistently related with hypertension. However, epidemiologic data on the genetic susceptibility to the hypertensive effect of cadmium exposure are limited. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether the associations between cadmium exposure and hypertension risk differed by genetic polymorphisms in MMPs genes. METHODS The present study of 497 hypertension cases and 497 healthy controls was conducted in a Chinese population. Urinary cadmium levels were measured with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Multivariable logistic regression models were analyzed after controlling major confounders. RESULTS Within the multivariable logistic regression models, compared with the lowest tertile, the highest tertile of urinary cadmium had a 1.33-fold (95% CI: 1.01, 1.93) increased risk of hypertension. Carriers of rs243865 T allele and rs243866 A allele in MMP-2 were suggested to have increased risks of hypertension. The associations of urinary cadmium with hypertension risk were modified by rs14070 (P-value for interaction = 0.022) and rs7201 (P-value for interaction = 0.009) in gene MMP-2. Positively significant trends for increasing odds of hypertension with cadmium levels were observed among the wild types of rs14070 and rs7201, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Increasing urinary cadmium concentrations were positively associated with hypertension risk in a Chinese population, and the associations were modified by polymorphism of rs14070 and rs7201 in gene MMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dayang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Shunli Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Qing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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103
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Chen L, Luo K, Etzel R, Zhang X, Tian Y, Zhang J. Co-exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors in the US population. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:7665-7676. [PMID: 30666576 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-04105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) has been linked to adverse health outcomes. The vast majority of studies examined one class of EEDs at a time but humans often are exposed to multiple EEDs at the same time. It is, therefore, important to know the co-exposure status of multiple EEDs in an individual, to preclude and control for potential confounding effects posed by co-exposed EEDs. This study examined the concentrations of seven classes of EEDs in the US population utilizing the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2009-2014 survey cycles. We applied linear correlation and cluster analysis to characterize the correlation profile and cluster patterns of these EEDs. We found that EEDs with a similar structure are often highly correlated. Among between-class correlations, mercury and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and cadmium and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were two significantly correlated EEDs. In epidemiologic studies, measurement and control for co-exposure to pollutants, especially those with similar biological effects, are critical when attempting to make causal inferences. Appropriate statistical methods to handle within- and between-class correlations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Kai Luo
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruth Etzel
- Milkin Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Grau-Perez M, Zhao J, Pierce B, Francesconi KA, Goessler W, Zhu Y, An Q, Umans J, Best L, Cole SA, Navas-Acien A, Tellez-Plaza M. Urinary metals and leukocyte telomere length in American Indian communities: The Strong Heart and the Strong Heart Family Study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:311-318. [PMID: 30557805 PMCID: PMC6363843 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While several mechanisms may explain metal-related health effects, the exact cellular processes are not fully understood. We evaluated the association between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and urine arsenic (ΣAs), cadmium (Cd) and tungsten (W) exposure in the Strong Heart Study (SHS, N = 1702) and in the Strong Heart Family Study (SHFS, N = 1793). METHODS Urine metal concentrations were measured using ICP-MS. Arsenic exposure was assessed as the sum of inorganic arsenic, monomethylarsonate and dimethylarsinate levels (ΣAs). LTL was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS In the SHS, median levels were 1.09 for LTL, and 8.8, 1.01 and 0.11 μg/g creatinine for ΣAs, Cd, and W, respectively. In the SHFS, median levels were 1.01 for LTL, and 4.3, 0.44, and 0.10 μg/g creatinine. Among SHS participants, increased urine ΣAs, Cd, and W was associated with shorter LTL. The adjusted geometric mean ratio (95% confidence interval) of LTL per an increase equal to the difference between the percentiles 90th and 10th in metal distributions was 0.85 (0.79, 0.92) for ΣAs, 0.91 (0.84, 1.00) for Cd and 0.93 (0.88, 0.98) for W. We observed no significant associations among SHFS participants. The findings also suggest that the association between arsenic and LTL might be differential depending on the exposure levels or age. CONCLUSIONS Additional research is needed to confirm the association between metal exposures and telomere length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grau-Perez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA; Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Biomedical Research Institute Hospital Clinic of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Jinying Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Public Health Research, Division of Community Health Promotion, Florida Department of Health, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Brandon Pierce
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Qiang An
- Public Health Research, Division of Community Health Promotion, Florida Department of Health, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Jason Umans
- Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Washington DC, USA; MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD, USA
| | - Lyle Best
- Department of Epidemiology, Missouri Breaks Industries Research Inc., Timber Lake, SD, USA
| | - Shelley A Cole
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Maria Tellez-Plaza
- Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Biomedical Research Institute Hospital Clinic of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institutes, Madrid, Spain
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105
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Zhang L, Song L, Liu B, Wu M, Wang L, Zhang B, Xiong C, Xia W, Li Y, Cao Z, Wang Y, Xu S. Prenatal cadmium exposure is associated with shorter leukocyte telomere length in Chinese newborns. BMC Med 2019; 17:27. [PMID: 30722777 PMCID: PMC6364384 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1262-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Newborn telomere length (TL) is considered a potential marker for future disease and lifelong health, but few epidemiological studies have examined the determinants of TL in early life. The study aim was to investigate whether there is an association between prenatal cadmium exposure and relative cord blood TL in Chinese newborns. METHODS Participants were 410 mother-newborn pairs drawn from a prospective birth cohort study conducted in Wuhan, China, between November 2013 and March 2015. Urine samples were collected from pregnant women during their period of institutional delivery. Urinary cadmium concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction detection was used to measure relative TL using genomic DNA isolated from umbilical cord blood leukocytes. Multivariate linear regression models were used to estimate the effect of prenatal urinary cadmium concentration on relative cord blood TL. RESULTS The geometric mean of maternal urinary cadmium concentration was 0.68 μg/g creatinine. In the multivariate-adjusted linear regression model, per doubling of maternal urinary cadmium concentration was associated with 6.83% (95% CI - 11.44%, - 1.97%; P = 0.006) shorter relative cord blood TL. Stratified analyses indicated that the inverse association between prenatal urinary cadmium and newborn relative TL was more pronounced among female infants and mothers < 29 years, while there were no significant effect modification according to infant sex (P for interaction = 0.907) and maternal age (P for interaction = 0.797). CONCLUSIONS The findings indicated that increased maternal urinary cadmium was associated with shortened relative cord blood TL. The results provide more evidence of the negative effects of environmental cadmium exposure and suggest that accelerated aging or cadmium-related diseases may begin in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Lulu Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Bingqing Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Mingyang Wu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Lulin Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Xiong
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhongqiang Cao
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Youjie Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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106
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Huang L, Liu L, Zhang T, Zhao D, Li H, Sun H, Kinney PL, Pitiranggon M, Chillrud S, Ma LQ, Navas-Acien A, Bi J, Yan B. An interventional study of rice for reducing cadmium exposure in a Chinese industrial town. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 122:301-309. [PMID: 30477816 PMCID: PMC6368677 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reducing cadmium (Cd) exposure in Cd-polluted areas in Asia is urgently needed given the toxic effects of Cd. The short-term and long-term benefits of lowering Cd exposure are unknown because of its long half-life in the body. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate whether an intervention with low-Cd rice in a contaminated area of China reduced urinary Cd (UCd) levels and improved blood pressure and kidney function outcomes compared to no-intervention in consumers of high-Cd rice in the same region. METHODS 106 non-smoking subjects were divided into three treatment groups: the intervention group (replacing homegrown high-Cd rice with market low-Cd rice, n = 34), the non-intervention group (continue eating high-Cd rice, n = 36) and the control group (continued eating low-Cd rice they have been eating for years, n = 36). The intervention period lasted for almost 8 months, during which participants were visited on up to 4 occasions and UCd, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), kidney function biomarkers (β2-microglobulin and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase) were measured. RESULTS After 3 months, the geometric mean UCd in the intervention (Int) group decreased significantly by 0.32 μg/g (p = 0.007), while changes were not significant in the non-intervention (non-Int) group (0.13 μg/g, p = 0.95) or the control group (-0.01 μg/g, p = 0.52). UCd in the Int group remained lower than in the non-Int group but higher than in the Control group through the end of follow up. DBP in the Int group decreased significantly from 80 mm Hg at month three (p = 0.03) and stayed around 74 mm Hg for the remainder of the study. SBP also decreased in the Int group but with variations similar to those observed in the other two groups. The two kidney biomarkers showed variations without a clear pattern. CONCLUSION This study suggested that UCd reflected both short-term (<3 months) and long-term Cd exposure. In addition, the low-Cd rice intervention showed initial benefits in lowering blood pressure levels, especially DBP, but not kidney biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Linli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Di Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu, Road 172, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Patrick L Kinney
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, United States
| | - Masha Pitiranggon
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, 61 Rt. 9W. Palisades, New York 10964, United States
| | - Steven Chillrud
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, 61 Rt. 9W. Palisades, New York 10964, United States
| | - Lena Qiying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 61 Rt. 9W. Palisades, New York 10964, United States
| | - Jun Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Beizhan Yan
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, 61 Rt. 9W. Palisades, New York 10964, United States.
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107
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Wang Q, Wei S. Cadmium affects blood pressure and negatively interacts with obesity: Findings from NHANES 1999-2014. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 643:270-276. [PMID: 29936168 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Inconsistencies are noted regarding the association between cadmium exposure and blood pressure/hypertension and the interaction between cadmium and body mass index (BMI). This study aims to clarify these inconsistencies in a large sample (n = 32,791) of adults age ≥20 years from eight cycles of the US National Health Examination and Nutrition Survey (NHANES, 1999-2014). The cadmium levels in blood (BCd) and urine (UCd) were used as exposure biomarker. Multiple-linear/logistic regression models were built and stratified by sex, ethnicity and BMI category. The interaction between BCd and BMI was assessed on additive and multiplicative scales. A twofold increase in BCd was associated with 0.54 mm Hg (95% CI: 0.49, 0.58) and 0.05 mm Hg (95% CI: 0.04, 0.06) increases in the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), respectively, in black women. The SBP and DBP increased by 0.92 mm Hg (95% CI: 0.73, 1.11) and 0.85 mm Hg (95% CI: 0.65, 1.05), respectively, in Mexican-Am women. Significant associations were found between BCd and hypertension in them (systolic risk per twofold BCd, OR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.61; and diastolic risk per twofold BCd, OR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.17, 2.05). UCd was significantly associated with hypertension in all individuals (OR = 1.14 per twofold; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.21). The associations between cadmium exposure and blood pressure/hypertension showed some discrepancies across BMI categories. A negative interaction was observed between BCd and obesity with regard to their effects on systolic hypertension (RERI = -0.30; 95% CI: -0.56, -0.03; ratio of ORs = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.89). Our findings provided evidence for the effect of cadmium on blood pressure and the prevalence of hypertension in American adults. The associations showed discrepancies by sex and ethnicity. The negative interaction between cadmium exposure and obesity influenced systolic hypertension risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Sheng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
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108
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Sarmiento-Ortega VE, Brambila E, Flores-Hernández JÁ, Díaz A, Peña-Rosas U, Moroni-González D, Aburto-Luna V, Treviño S. The NOAEL Metformin Dose Is Ineffective against Metabolic Disruption Induced by Chronic Cadmium Exposure in Wistar Rats. TOXICS 2018; 6:E55. [PMID: 30201894 PMCID: PMC6161094 DOI: 10.3390/toxics6030055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have proposed that cadmium (Cd) is a metabolic disruptor, which is associated with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. This metal is not considered by international agencies for the study of metabolic diseases. In this study, we investigate the effect of metformin on Cd-exposed Wistar rats at a lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) dose (32.5 ppm) in drinking water. Metabolic complications in the rats exposed to Cd were dysglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, dyslipoproteinemia, and imbalance in triglyceride and glycogen storage in the liver, muscle, heart, kidney, and adipose tissue. Meanwhile, rats treated orally with a No-observable-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) dose of metformin (200 mg/kg/day) showed mild improvement on serum lipids, but not on glucose tolerance; in tissues, glycogen storage was improved, but lipid storage was ineffective. In conclusion, metformin as a first-line pharmacological therapy must take into consideration the origin and duration of metabolic disruption, because in this work the NOAEL dose of metformin (200 mg/kg/day) showed a limited efficiency in the metabolic disruption caused by chronic Cd exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Enrique Sarmiento-Ortega
- Laboratory of Chemical-Clinical Investigations, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Science, University Autonomous of Puebla, 14 South. CQ1, University City, Puebla C.P. 72560, Mexico.
| | - Eduardo Brambila
- Laboratory of Chemical-Clinical Investigations, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Science, University Autonomous of Puebla, 14 South. CQ1, University City, Puebla C.P. 72560, Mexico.
| | - José Ángel Flores-Hernández
- Laboratory of Chemical-Clinical Investigations, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Science, University Autonomous of Puebla, 14 South. CQ1, University City, Puebla C.P. 72560, Mexico.
| | - Alfonso Díaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry Science, University Autonomous of Puebla, 14 South. CQ1, University City, Puebla C.P. 72560, Mexico.
| | - Ulises Peña-Rosas
- Department of Analytic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Science, University Autonomous of Puebla, 14 South. CQ1, University City, Puebla C.P. 72560, Mexico.
| | - Diana Moroni-González
- Laboratory of Chemical-Clinical Investigations, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Science, University Autonomous of Puebla, 14 South. CQ1, University City, Puebla C.P. 72560, Mexico.
| | - Violeta Aburto-Luna
- Laboratory of Chemical-Clinical Investigations, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Science, University Autonomous of Puebla, 14 South. CQ1, University City, Puebla C.P. 72560, Mexico.
| | - Samuel Treviño
- Laboratory of Chemical-Clinical Investigations, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Science, University Autonomous of Puebla, 14 South. CQ1, University City, Puebla C.P. 72560, Mexico.
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109
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White AJ, O'Brien KM, Jackson BP, Karagas MR. Urine and toenail cadmium levels in pregnant women: A reliability study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 118:86-91. [PMID: 29857281 PMCID: PMC6045451 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium, as measured in human tissue, has been associated with numerous health outcomes. However, few studies have evaluated the reliability of cadmium measurements across different biologic samples. We evaluated toenail cadmium levels over time and compared toenail cadmium to urinary cadmium. We also evaluated the relationship between biomarker concentrations and cigarette smoking, a known source of cadmium exposure. METHODS Cadmium was assessed in urine and toenail samples collected from 1338 pregnant women participating in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study. Each participant was asked to provide a urine and a toenail sample at enrollment (between 24 and 28 weeks gestation) and another toenail sample 2-8 weeks postpartum. Cadmium concentrations were determined using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spearman correlations were assessed for cadmium in the toenails across the two-time points and comparing toenail and urine levels. Smoking status was evaluated as a predictor of cadmium levels. RESULTS Toenail cadmium assessed during pregnancy and postpartum were modestly correlated (R = 0.3, p < 0.0001). However, urine and toenail cadmium levels were unrelated (R = -0.03, p = 0.46). Both toenail and urinary cadmium levels were associated with women's smoking status. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that both toenail and urinary cadmium concentrations reflect the major source of exposure - cigarette smoking. Toenail cadmium concentrations are modestly reproducible pre- and postpartum; but do not appear to be related to urinary cadmium and thus likely represent different windows and chronicity of exposure among pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J White
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Katie M O'Brien
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Brian P Jackson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology and Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
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110
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Chowdhury R, Ramond A, O'Keeffe LM, Shahzad S, Kunutsor SK, Muka T, Gregson J, Willeit P, Warnakula S, Khan H, Chowdhury S, Gobin R, Franco OH, Di Angelantonio E. Environmental toxic metal contaminants and risk of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2018; 362:k3310. [PMID: 30158148 PMCID: PMC6113772 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.k3310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies investigating the association of arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury, and copper with cardiovascular disease. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science searched up to December 2017. REVIEW METHODS Studies reporting risk estimates for total cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, and stroke for levels of arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury, or copper were included. Two investigators independently extracted information on study characteristics and outcomes in accordance with PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. Relative risks were standardised to a common scale and pooled across studies for each marker using random effects meta-analyses. RESULTS The review identified 37 unique studies comprising 348 259 non-overlapping participants, with 13 033 coronary heart disease, 4205 stroke, and 15 274 cardiovascular disease outcomes in aggregate. Comparing top versus bottom thirds of baseline levels, pooled relative risks for arsenic and lead were 1.30 (95% confidence interval 1.04 to 1.63) and 1.43 (1.16 to 1.76) for cardiovascular disease, 1.23 (1.04 to 1.45) and 1.85 (1.27 to 2.69) for coronary heart disease, and 1.15 (0.92 to 1.43) and 1.63 (1.14 to 2.34) for stroke. Relative risks for cadmium and copper were 1.33 (1.09 to 1.64) and 1.81 (1.05 to 3.11) for cardiovascular disease, 1.29 (0.98 to 1.71) and 2.22 (1.31 to 3.74) for coronary heart disease, and 1.72 (1.29 to 2.28) and 1.29 (0.77 to 2.17) for stroke. Mercury had no distinctive association with cardiovascular outcomes. There was a linear dose-response relation for arsenic, lead, and cadmium with cardiovascular disease outcomes. CONCLUSION Exposure to arsenic, lead, cadmium, and copper is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease. Mercury is not associated with cardiovascular risk. These findings reinforce the importance of environmental toxic metals in cardiovascular risk, beyond the roles of conventional behavioural risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Chowdhury
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Anna Ramond
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Linda M O'Keeffe
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Population Health Science Institute, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Sara Shahzad
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Setor K Kunutsor
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Taulant Muka
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - John Gregson
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Peter Willeit
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Samantha Warnakula
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | | | - Susmita Chowdhury
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | | | - Oscar H Franco
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Emanuele Di Angelantonio
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
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111
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To assess the strength of evidence for associations between environmental toxicants and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, suggest potential biological mechanisms based on animal and in vitro studies, and highlight avenues for future research. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence is strongest for links between persistent chemicals, including lead, cadmium, organochlorine pesticides, and polycyclic biphenyls, and preeclampsia, although associations are sometimes not detectable at low-exposure levels. Results have been inconclusive for bisphenols, phthalates, and organophosphates. Biological pathways may include oxidative stress, epigenetic changes, endocrine disruption, and abnormal placental vascularization. Additional prospective epidemiologic studies beginning in the preconception period and extending postpartum are needed to assess the life course trajectory of environmental exposures and women's reproductive and cardiovascular health. Future studies should also consider interactions between chemicals and consider nonlinear associations. These results confirm recommendations by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the Endocrine Society that providers counsel their pregnant patients to limit exposure to environmental toxicants.
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112
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Diaz D, Fonseca V, Aude YW, Lamas GA. Chelation therapy to prevent diabetes-associated cardiovascular events. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2018; 25:258-266. [PMID: 29846236 PMCID: PMC6058685 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW For over 60 years, chelation therapy with disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA, edetate) had been used for the treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) despite lack of scientific evidence for efficacy and safety. The Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy (TACT) was developed and received funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to ascertain the safety and efficacy of chelation therapy in patients with CVD. RECENT FINDINGS This pivotal trial demonstrated an improvement in outcomes in postmyocardial infarction (MI) patients. Interestingly, it also showed a particularly large reduction in CVD events and all-cause mortality in the prespecified subgroup of patients with diabetes. The TACT results may support the concept of metal chelation to reduce metal-catalyzed oxidation reactions that promote the formation of advanced glycation end products, a precursor of diabetic atherosclerosis. SUMMARY In this review, we summarize the epidemiological and basic evidence linking toxic metal accumulation and diabetes-related CVD, supported by the salutary effects of chelation in TACT. If the ongoing NIH-funded TACT2, in diabetic post-MI patients, proves positive, this unique therapy will enter the armamentarium of endocrinologists and cardiologists seeking to reduce the atherosclerotic risk of their diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisse Diaz
- Columbia University Division of Cardiology at Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach FL
| | - Vivian Fonseca
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Yamil W. Aude
- University of Texas Rio Grande Valley Doctors Hospital at Renaissance, Edinburg, Texas, USA
| | - Gervasio A. Lamas
- Columbia University Division of Cardiology at Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach FL
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113
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The modifying effect of kidney function on the association of cadmium exposure with blood pressure and cardiovascular mortality: NHANES 1999–2010. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 353:15-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Shen J, Wang X, Zhou D, Li T, Tang L, Gong T, Su J, Liang P. Modelling cadmium-induced cardiotoxicity using human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4221-4235. [PMID: 29993192 PMCID: PMC6111808 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium, a highly ubiquitous toxic heavy metal, has been widely recognized as an environmental and industrial pollutant, which confers serious threats to human health. The molecular mechanisms of the cadmium-induced cardiotoxicity (CIC) have not been studied in human cardiomyocytes at the cellular level. Here we showed that human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) can recapitulate the CIC at the cellular level. The cadmium-treated hPSC-CMs exhibited cellular phenotype including reduced cell viability, increased apoptosis, cardiac sarcomeric disorganization, elevated reactive oxygen species, altered action potential profile and cardiac arrhythmias. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed a differential transcriptome profile and activated MAPK signalling pathway in cadmium-treated hPSC-CMs, and suppression of P38 MAPK but not ERK MAPK or JNK MAPK rescued CIC phenotype. We further identified that suppression of PI3K/Akt signalling pathway is sufficient to reverse the CIC phenotype, which may play an important role in CIC. Taken together, our data indicate that hPSC-CMs can serve as a suitable model for the exploration of molecular mechanisms underlying CIC and for the discovery of CIC cardioprotective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Shen
- Key Laboratory of combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Key Laboratory of combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danni Zhou
- Key Laboratory of combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tongyu Li
- Key Laboratory of combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Key Laboratory of combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingyu Gong
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Su
- Key Laboratory of combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Liang
- Key Laboratory of combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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115
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Green AJ, Hoyo C, Mattingly CJ, Luo Y, Tzeng JY, Murphy SK, Buchwalter DB, Planchart A. Cadmium exposure increases the risk of juvenile obesity: a human and zebrafish comparative study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 42:1285-1295. [PMID: 29511319 PMCID: PMC6054604 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0036-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human obesity is a complex metabolic disorder disproportionately affecting people of lower socioeconomic strata, and ethnic minorities, especially African Americans and Hispanics. Although genetic predisposition and a positive energy balance are implicated in obesity, these factors alone do not account for the excess prevalence of obesity in lower socioeconomic populations. Therefore, environmental factors, including exposure to pesticides, heavy metals, and other contaminants, are agents widely suspected to have obesogenic activity, and they also are spatially correlated with lower socioeconomic status. Our study investigates the causal relationship between exposure to the heavy metal, cadmium (Cd), and obesity in a cohort of children and in a zebrafish model of adipogenesis. DESIGN An extensive collection of first trimester maternal blood samples obtained as part of the Newborn Epigenetics Study (NEST) was analyzed for the presence of Cd, and these results were cross analyzed with the weight-gain trajectory of the children through age 5 years. Next, the role of Cd as a potential obesogen was analyzed in an in vivo zebrafish model. RESULTS Our analysis indicates that the presence of Cd in maternal blood during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of juvenile obesity in the offspring, independent of other variables, including lead (Pb) and smoking status. Our results are recapitulated in a zebrafish model, in which exposure to Cd at levels approximating those observed in the NEST study is associated with increased adiposity. CONCLUSION Our findings identify Cd as a potential human obesogen. Moreover, these observations are recapitulated in a zebrafish model, suggesting that the underlying mechanisms may be evolutionarily conserved, and that zebrafish may be a valuable model for uncovering pathways leading to Cd-mediated obesity in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian J Green
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Carolyn J Mattingly
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Yiwen Luo
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Jung-Ying Tzeng
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Susan K Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecological Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - David B Buchwalter
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Antonio Planchart
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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116
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Chen C, Xun P, Tsinovoi C, McClure LA, Brockman J, MacDonald L, Cushman M, Cai J, Kamendulis L, Mackey J, He K. Urinary cadmium concentration and the risk of ischemic stroke. Neurology 2018; 91:e382-e391. [PMID: 29934425 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000005856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between urinary cadmium levels and the incidence of ischemic stroke and to explore possible effect modifications. METHODS A case-cohort study was designed nested in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, including 680 adjudicated incident cases of ischemic stroke and 2,540 participants in a randomly selected subcohort. Urinary creatinine-corrected cadmium concentration was measured at baseline. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with the Barlow weighting method for the Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS The median urinary cadmium concentration was 0.42 (interquartile range 0.27-0.68) μg/g creatinine. After adjustment for potential confounders, urinary cadmium was associated with increased incidence of ischemic stroke (quintile 5 vs quintile 1: HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.01-2.22, p for trend = 0.02). The observed association was more pronounced among participants in the lowest serum zinc tertile (tertile 3 vs tertile 1: HR 1.82, 95% CI 1.06-3.11, p for trend = 0.004, p for interaction = 0.05) but was attenuated and became nonsignificant among never smokers (tertile 3 vs tertile 1: never smokers: HR 1.27, 95% CI 0.80-2.03, p for trend = 0.29; ever smokers: HR 1.60, 95% CI 1.06-2.43, p for trend = 0.07, p for interaction = 0.51). CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study suggest that cadmium exposure may be an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke in the US general population. Never smoking and maintaining a high serum zinc level may ameliorate the potential adverse effects of cadmium exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- From the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.C., P.X., C.T., K.H.) and Environmental Health (L.K.), School of Public Health, and Department of Neurology (J.M.), School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (L.A.M.), Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA; Columbia Research Reactor (J.B.), University of Missouri; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (L.M.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Washington, DC; Department of Medicine (M.C.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; and Department of Biostatistics (J.C.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Pengcheng Xun
- From the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.C., P.X., C.T., K.H.) and Environmental Health (L.K.), School of Public Health, and Department of Neurology (J.M.), School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (L.A.M.), Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA; Columbia Research Reactor (J.B.), University of Missouri; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (L.M.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Washington, DC; Department of Medicine (M.C.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; and Department of Biostatistics (J.C.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Cari Tsinovoi
- From the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.C., P.X., C.T., K.H.) and Environmental Health (L.K.), School of Public Health, and Department of Neurology (J.M.), School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (L.A.M.), Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA; Columbia Research Reactor (J.B.), University of Missouri; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (L.M.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Washington, DC; Department of Medicine (M.C.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; and Department of Biostatistics (J.C.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Leslie A McClure
- From the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.C., P.X., C.T., K.H.) and Environmental Health (L.K.), School of Public Health, and Department of Neurology (J.M.), School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (L.A.M.), Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA; Columbia Research Reactor (J.B.), University of Missouri; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (L.M.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Washington, DC; Department of Medicine (M.C.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; and Department of Biostatistics (J.C.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - John Brockman
- From the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.C., P.X., C.T., K.H.) and Environmental Health (L.K.), School of Public Health, and Department of Neurology (J.M.), School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (L.A.M.), Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA; Columbia Research Reactor (J.B.), University of Missouri; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (L.M.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Washington, DC; Department of Medicine (M.C.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; and Department of Biostatistics (J.C.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Leslie MacDonald
- From the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.C., P.X., C.T., K.H.) and Environmental Health (L.K.), School of Public Health, and Department of Neurology (J.M.), School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (L.A.M.), Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA; Columbia Research Reactor (J.B.), University of Missouri; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (L.M.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Washington, DC; Department of Medicine (M.C.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; and Department of Biostatistics (J.C.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Mary Cushman
- From the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.C., P.X., C.T., K.H.) and Environmental Health (L.K.), School of Public Health, and Department of Neurology (J.M.), School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (L.A.M.), Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA; Columbia Research Reactor (J.B.), University of Missouri; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (L.M.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Washington, DC; Department of Medicine (M.C.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; and Department of Biostatistics (J.C.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Jianwen Cai
- From the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.C., P.X., C.T., K.H.) and Environmental Health (L.K.), School of Public Health, and Department of Neurology (J.M.), School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (L.A.M.), Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA; Columbia Research Reactor (J.B.), University of Missouri; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (L.M.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Washington, DC; Department of Medicine (M.C.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; and Department of Biostatistics (J.C.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Lisa Kamendulis
- From the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.C., P.X., C.T., K.H.) and Environmental Health (L.K.), School of Public Health, and Department of Neurology (J.M.), School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (L.A.M.), Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA; Columbia Research Reactor (J.B.), University of Missouri; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (L.M.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Washington, DC; Department of Medicine (M.C.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; and Department of Biostatistics (J.C.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Jason Mackey
- From the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.C., P.X., C.T., K.H.) and Environmental Health (L.K.), School of Public Health, and Department of Neurology (J.M.), School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (L.A.M.), Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA; Columbia Research Reactor (J.B.), University of Missouri; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (L.M.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Washington, DC; Department of Medicine (M.C.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; and Department of Biostatistics (J.C.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Ka He
- From the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (C.C., P.X., C.T., K.H.) and Environmental Health (L.K.), School of Public Health, and Department of Neurology (J.M.), School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (L.A.M.), Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA; Columbia Research Reactor (J.B.), University of Missouri; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (L.M.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Washington, DC; Department of Medicine (M.C.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; and Department of Biostatistics (J.C.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
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Xing Y, Xia W, Zhang B, Zhou A, Huang Z, Zhang H, Liu H, Jiang Y, Hu C, Chen X, Xu S, Li Y. Relation between cadmium exposure and gestational diabetes mellitus. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 113:300-305. [PMID: 29338949 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium (Cd) has been associated with type 2 diabetes in general population. However, the role of Cd in the occurrence of Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains unclear. OBJECTIVES Our study was aimed at investigating whether Cd exposure during pregnancy was associated with increased risk of GDM. METHODS Cd concentrations were measured in urine samples from 6837 pregnant women in Wuhan, China, from 2012 to 2014. A "modified Poisson" model with a robust error variance was used to examine the association of GDM with continuous natural logarithm (ln) transformed urinary Cd or quartiles of urinary Cd levels. RESULTS For about 3-fold increase in Cd concentrations, there were 16% [relative risk (RR) =1.16; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03, 1.33] increase in risk of GDM. Compared with women in the lowest quartile of urinary Cd levels, women in the highest quartile had 1.30 higher risk of GDM [95% CI: 1.05, 1.61; p-trend <0.05]. Further analyses indicated overweight/obese women with higher urinary Cd levels had significantly higher risk of GDM, compared with women in the reference category of lowest quartile of Cd and normal pre-pregnancy body mass index [RR =2.71; 95% CI: 1.81, 4.07]. CONCLUSIONS Our study presented a significantly positive association between urinary Cd levels and risk of GDM, supporting the hypothesis that environmental exposure to Cd may contribute to the development of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Xing
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Wuhan Medical and Health Center for Women and Children, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Aifen Zhou
- Wuhan Medical and Health Center for Women and Children, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongling Zhang
- College of Health Sclence Nursing, School of Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangqian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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118
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Andersson EM, Fagerberg B, Sallsten G, Borné Y, Hedblad B, Engström G, Barregard L. Partial Mediation by Cadmium Exposure of the Association Between Tobacco Smoking and Atherosclerotic Plaques in the Carotid Artery. Am J Epidemiol 2018; 187:806-816. [PMID: 29020130 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to cadmium confers increased cardiovascular risk. Tobacco smoke contains cadmium, which, hypothetically, may mediate parts of the tobacco-associated risk of developing atherosclerotic plaques. Baseline data from the Swedish Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort (1991-1996) were used to test this hypothesis. Mediation analysis was used to examine associations between smoking and blood cadmium levels and the prevalence of ultrasound-assessed carotid atherosclerotic plaques. The total association with smoking status (never smokers, 2 categories of former smokers, and current smokers) was split into direct and indirect association, and the proportion mediated was estimated. The adjusted estimated plaque prevalence was approximately 27% among never smokers. We identified both a direct and an indirect pathway between smoking and carotid plaques; the indirect association, through cadmium, was observed among current smokers and former smokers who had quit smoking less than 15 years before. For current smokers, the prevalence ratio for plaque was 1.5, with 60%-65% of the association with smoking being mediated through cadmium. Recent former smokers had a prevalence ratio of 1.3, and 40%-45% was mediated through cadmium. Long-time former smokers had a prevalence ratio of 1.2, but none of the association was mediated through cadmium. In conclusion, about two-thirds of the proatherosclerotic association with smoking was mediated by cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Andersson
- Authors affiliations: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Fagerberg
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gerd Sallsten
- Authors affiliations: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yan Borné
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Bo Hedblad
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lars Barregard
- Authors affiliations: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Tinkov AA, Filippini T, Ajsuvakova OP, Skalnaya MG, Aaseth J, Bjørklund G, Gatiatulina ER, Popova EV, Nemereshina ON, Huang PT, Vinceti M, Skalny AV. Cadmium and atherosclerosis: A review of toxicological mechanisms and a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 162:240-260. [PMID: 29358116 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium has been proposed to be the one of the factors of atherosclerosis development, although the existing data are still controversial. The primary objective of the present study is the review and the meta-analysis of studies demonstrating the association between Cd exposure and atherosclerosis as well as review of the potential mechanisms of such association. We performed a systematic search in the PubMed-Medline database using the MeSH terms cadmium, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, mortality and humans up through December 20, 2017. Elevated urinary Cd levels were associated with increased mortality for cardiovascular disease (HR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.07-1.67) as well as elevated blood Cd levels (HR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.24-2.56). Analysis restricted to never smokers showed similar, though more imprecise, results. Consistently, we also observed an association between Cd exposure markers (blood and urine) and coronary heart disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. Moreover, Cd exposure was associated with atherogenic changes in lipid profile. High Cd exposure was associated with higher TC levels (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.10-2.01), higher LDL-C levels (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 0.99-1.73) and lower HDL-C levels (OR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.09-3.55). The mechanisms of atherogenic effect of cadmium may involve oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, enhanced lipid synthesis, up-regulation of adhesion molecules, prostanoid dysbalance, as well as altered glycosaminoglycan synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Tinkov
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia; Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia.
| | - Tommaso Filippini
- CREAGEN, Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Olga P Ajsuvakova
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Odintsovo, Moscow Region, Russia
| | | | - Jan Aaseth
- Faculty of Public Health, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway; Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana, Norway
| | | | - Elizaveta V Popova
- St. Joseph University in Tanzania, St. Joseph College of Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | | | - Marco Vinceti
- CREAGEN, Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia; Orenburg State University, Orenburg, Russia; Trace Element Institute for UNESCO, Lyon, France
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120
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Münzel T, Sørensen M, Schmidt F, Schmidt E, Steven S, Kröller-Schön S, Daiber A. The Adverse Effects of Environmental Noise Exposure on Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Risk. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:873-908. [PMID: 29350061 PMCID: PMC5898791 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have provided evidence that traffic noise exposure is linked to cardiovascular diseases such as arterial hypertension, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Noise is a nonspecific stressor that activates the autonomous nervous system and endocrine signaling. According to the noise reaction model introduced by Babisch and colleagues, chronic low levels of noise can cause so-called nonauditory effects, such as disturbances of activity, sleep, and communication, which can trigger a number of emotional responses, including annoyance and subsequent stress. Chronic stress in turn is associated with cardiovascular risk factors, comprising increased blood pressure and dyslipidemia, increased blood viscosity and blood glucose, and activation of blood clotting factors, in animal models and humans. Persistent chronic noise exposure increases the risk of cardiometabolic diseases, including arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus type 2, and stroke. Recently, we demonstrated that aircraft noise exposure during nighttime can induce endothelial dysfunction in healthy subjects and is even more pronounced in coronary artery disease patients. Importantly, impaired endothelial function was ameliorated by acute oral treatment with the antioxidant vitamin C, suggesting that excessive production of reactive oxygen species contributes to this phenomenon. More recently, we introduced a novel animal model of aircraft noise exposure characterizing the underlying molecular mechanisms leading to noise-dependent adverse oxidative stress-related effects on the vasculature. With the present review, we want to provide an overview of epidemiological, translational clinical, and preclinical noise research addressing the nonauditory, adverse effects of noise exposure with focus on oxidative stress. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 873-908.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Münzel
- The Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mette Sørensen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frank Schmidt
- The Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Erwin Schmidt
- Institute for Molecular Genetics, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Steven
- The Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Swenja Kröller-Schön
- The Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- The Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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121
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Low-level cadmium exposure and cardiovascular outcomes in elderly Australian women: A cohort study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2018; 221:347-354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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122
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Nordberg GF, Bernard A, Diamond GL, Duffus JH, Illing P, Nordberg M, Bergdahl IA, Jin T, Skerfving S. Risk assessment of effects of cadmium on human health (IUPAC Technical Report). PURE APPL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2016-0910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Chemistry and Human Health, Division VII of the International Union on Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), provides guidance on risk assessment methodology and, as appropriate, assessment of risks to human health from chemicals of exceptional toxicity. The aim of this document is to describe dose-response relationships for the health effects of low-level exposure to cadmium, in particular, with an emphasis on causation. The term “cadmium” in this document includes all chemical species of cadmium, as well as those in cadmium compounds. Diet is the main source of cadmium exposure in the general population. Smokers and workers in cadmium industries have additional exposure. Adverse effects have been shown in populations with high industrial or environmental exposures. Epidemiological studies in general populations have also reported statistically significant associations with a number of adverse health effects at low exposures. Cadmium is recognized as a human carcinogen, a classification mainly based on occupational studies of lung cancer. Other cancers have been reported, but dose-response relationships cannot be defined. Cardiovascular disease has been associated with cadmium exposure in recent epidemiological studies, but more evidence is needed in order to establish causality. Adequate evidence of dose-response relationships is available for kidney effects. There is a relationship between cadmium exposure and kidney effects in terms of low molecular mass (LMM) proteinuria. Long-term cadmium exposures with urine cadmium of 2 nmol mmol−1 creatinine cause such effects in a susceptible part of the population. Higher exposures result in increases in the size of these effects. This assessment is supported by toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic (TKTD) modelling. Associations between urine cadmium lower than 2 nmol mmol−1 creatinine and LMM proteinuria are influenced by confounding by co-excretion of cadmium with protein. A number of epidemiological studies, including some on low exposures, have reported statistically significant associations between cadmium exposure and bone demineralization and fracture risk. Exposures leading to urine cadmium of 5 nmol mmol−1 creatinine and more increase the risk of bone effects. Similar associations at much lower urine cadmium levels have been reported. However, complexities in the cause and effect relationship mean that a no-effect level cannot be defined. LMM proteinuria was selected as the critical effect for cadmium, thus identifying the kidney cortex as the critical organ, although bone effects may occur at exposure levels similar to those giving rise to kidney effects. To avoid these effects, population exposures should not exceed that resulting in cadmium values in urine of more than 2 nmol mmol−1 creatinine. As cadmium is carcinogenic, a ‘safe’ exposure level cannot be defined. We therefore recommend that cadmium exposures be kept as low as possible. Because the safety margin for toxic effects in kidney and bone is small, or non-existent, in many populations around the world, there is a need to reduce cadmium pollution globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar F. Nordberg
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine , Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine , Umeå University , SE-90187 Umeå , Sweden
| | - Alfred Bernard
- Department of Toxicology , Catholic University of Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
| | | | - John H. Duffus
- The Edinburgh Centre for Toxicology , 43 Mansionhouse Road , Edinburgh EH9 2JD, Scotland , UK
| | | | - Monica Nordberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Ingvar A. Bergdahl
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine , Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine , Umeå University , SE-90187 Umeå , Sweden
| | - Taiyi Jin
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology , School of Public Health, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Staffan Skerfving
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital , Lund , Sweden
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123
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Reis J. Environmental Risk Factors for Stroke and Cardiovascular Disease. ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH AND MEDICINE 2018. [PMCID: PMC7150018 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-809657-4.64111-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Besides the classical individual stroke risk factors a new class has appeared, the environmental risk factors. After a review of the evidences demonstrating that air pollution is a potent risk factor (Part 1), we propose an update of other physical, chemical, and biological factors, now considered as risk factors (Part 2). One of the challenges is to precise their specific roles as they can be combined in their noxious impacts (traffic air pollution + noise + weather + infections). This knowledge has practical consequences; From now on, medical advices cannot be limited to individual recommendations but must also deal with environmental public health issues.
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Kim J, Garcia-Esquinas E, Navas-Acien A, Choi YH. Blood and urine cadmium concentrations and walking speed in middle-aged and older U.S. adults. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 232:97-104. [PMID: 28941716 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Reduced physical performance is an important feature of aging, and walking speed is a valid measure of physical performance and mobility in older adults. Previous epidemiological studies suggest that cadmium exposure, even at low environmental levels, may contribute to vascular, musculoskeletal, and cognitive dysfunction, which may all be associated with reductions in physical performance. To this end, we investigated the associations of blood and urine cadmium concentrations with walking speed in middle-aged and older adults in the U.S. general population. We studied U.S. adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999 to 2002 who were ≥50 years of age, who had determinations of cadmium in blood or in urine, and who had measurements of the time taken to walk 20 feet. Walking speed (ft/sec) was computed as walked distance (20 ft) divided by measured time to walk (in seconds). The weighted geometric means of blood and urine cadmium were 0.49 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.47, 0.52] μg/L and 0.37 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.42) ng/mL, respectively. After adjusting for sociodemographic, anthropometric, health-related behavioral, and clinical risk factors and inflammation markers, the highest (vs. lowest) quintile of blood cadmium was associated with a 0.18 (95% CI: 0.10, 0.25) ft/sec reduction in walking speed (p-Trend <0.001). No association was observed for urine cadmium levels with walking speed. Cadmium concentrations in blood, but not in urine, were associated with slower gait speed. Our findings add to the growing volume of evidence supporting cadmium's toxicity even at low levels of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghoon Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Esther Garcia-Esquinas
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPaz, and Ciber of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Yoon-Hyeong Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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Ilyas A, Shah MH. Disparities of Selected Metal Levels in the Blood and Scalp Hair of Ischemia Heart Disease Patients and Healthy Subjects. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 180:191-205. [PMID: 28424967 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1021-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Imbalances in the concentrations of trace metals have become an increasingly recognized source of infirmity worldwide particularly in the development of ischemia heart disease (IHD). Present study is intended to analyze the concentrations of Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Pb, Sr, and Zn in the blood and scalp hair of the patients and counterpart controls by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after wet-acid digestion. On the average, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, K, Li, Mn, Na, and Pb revealed significantly elevated concentrations in the blood of the patients compared with the controls (p < 0.05), whereas mean levels of Ca, Cd, Fe, K, Li, Pb, and Sr in the scalp hair were significantly higher in the patients than the controls (p < 0.05). Most of the metals exhibited noticeable disparities in their concentrations based on gender, abode, dietary/smoking habits, and occupations of both donor groups. The correlation study and multivariate statistical analyses revealed some significantly divergent associations and apportionment of the metals in both donor groups. Overall, comparative variations of the metal contents in blood/scalp hair of the patients were significantly different than the controls; thus, evaluation of trace metals status may be indicative of pathological disorders, such as IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Ilyas
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Munir H Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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Ruiz-Hernandez A, Navas-Acien A, Pastor-Barriuso R, Crainiceanu CM, Redon J, Guallar E, Tellez-Plaza M. Declining exposures to lead and cadmium contribute to explaining the reduction of cardiovascular mortality in the US population, 1988-2004. Int J Epidemiol 2017; 46:1903-1912. [PMID: 29025072 PMCID: PMC5837785 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lead and cadmium exposures have markedly declined in the USA following the implementation of large-scale public health policies and could have contributed to the unexplained decline in cardiovascular mortality in US adults. We evaluated the potential contribution of lead and cadmium exposure reductions to explain decreasing cardiovascular mortality trends occurring in the USA from 1988-94 to 1999-2004. Methods Prospective study in 15 421 adults ≥40 years old who had participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988-94 or 1999-2004. We estimated the amount of change in cardiovascular mortality over time that can be independently attributed to the intermediate pathway of changes in blood lead and urine cadmium concentrations. Results There was a 42.0% decrease in blood lead and a 31.0% decrease in urine cadmium concentrations. The cardiovascular mortality rate ratio [95% confidence intervals (CIs)] associated with a doubling of metal levels was 1.19 (1.07, 1.31) for blood lead and 1.20 (1.09, 1.32) for urine cadmium. The absolute reduction in cardiovascular deaths comparing 1999-2004 to 1988-94 was 230.7 deaths/100 000 person-years, in models adjusted for traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Among these avoided deaths, 52.0 (95% CI 8.4, 96.7) and 19.4 (4.3, 36.4) deaths/100 000 person-years were attributable to changes in lead and cadmium, respectively. Conclusions Environmental declines in lead and cadmium exposures were associated with reductions in cardiovascular mortality in US adults. Given the fact that lead and cadmium remain associated with cardiovascular disease at relatively low levels of exposure, prevention strategies that further minimize exposure to lead and cadmium may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Ruiz-Hernandez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic of Valencia INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research and Departments of
- Environmental Health Sciences and
- Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roberto Pastor-Barriuso
- National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Josep Redon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic of Valencia INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Consortium for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain and
| | - Eliseo Guallar
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research and Departments of
- Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maria Tellez-Plaza
- Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic of Valencia INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Environmental Health Sciences and
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Ngu NLY, McEvoy M. Environmental tobacco smoke and peripheral arterial disease: A review. Atherosclerosis 2017; 266:113-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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128
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Deen JF, Adams AK, Fretts A, Jolly S, Navas-Acien A, Devereux RB, Buchwald D, Howard BV. Cardiovascular Disease in American Indian and Alaska Native Youth: Unique Risk Factors and Areas of Scholarly Need. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:e007576. [PMID: 29066451 PMCID: PMC5721901 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason F Deen
- Division of Cardiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Alexandra K Adams
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
- Center for American Indian and Rural Health Equity, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
| | - Amanda Fretts
- Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Stacey Jolly
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Dedra Buchwald
- College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA
| | - Barbara V Howard
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD
- Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Washington, DC
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129
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Changes on serum and hepatic lipidome after a chronic cadmium exposure in Wistar rats. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 635:52-59. [PMID: 29066246 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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130
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Mei H, Yao P, Wang S, Li N, Zhu T, Chen X, Yang M, Zhuo S, Chen S, Wang JM, Wang H, Xie D, Wu Y, Le Y. Chronic Low-Dose Cadmium Exposure Impairs Cutaneous Wound Healing With Defective Early Inflammatory Responses After Skin Injury. Toxicol Sci 2017; 159:327-338. [PMID: 28666365 PMCID: PMC6256962 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment of the immune system is a developing concern in evaluating the toxicity of cadmium (Cd). In the present study, we investigated if Cd could impair cutaneous wound healing through interfering with inflammation after injury. We found that exposure of mice to CdCl2 through drinking water at doses of 10, 30, and 50 mg/l for 8 weeks significantly impaired cutaneous wound healing. Chronic 30 mg/l CdCl2 treatment elevated murine blood Cd level comparable to that of low dose Cd-exposed humans, had no effect on blood total and differential leukocyte counts, but reduced neutrophil infiltration, chemokines (CXCL1 and CXCL2), and proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6) expression in wounded tissue at early stage after injury. Wounded tissue homogenates from CdCl2-treated mice had lower chemotactic activity for neutrophils than those from untreated mice. Mechanistic studies showed that chronic Cd treatment suppressed ERK1/2 and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation in wounded tissue at early stage after injury. Compared with neutrophils isolated from untreated mice, neutrophils from CdCl2 treated mice and normal neutrophils treated with CdCl2 invitro both had lower chemotactic response, calcium mobilization and ERK1/2 phosphorylation upon chemoattractant stimulation. Collectively, our study indicate that chronic low-dose Cd exposure impaired cutaneous wound healing by reducing neutrophil infiltration through inhibiting chemokine expression and neutrophil chemotactic response, and suppressing proinflammatory cytokine expression. Cd may suppress chemokine and proinflammatory expression through inactivating ERK1/2 and NF-κB, and inhibit neutrophil chemotaxis by attenuating calcium mobilization and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in response to chemoattractants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Mei
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Pengle Yao
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Tengfei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiaofang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Mengmei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shu Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shiting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Dong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yingying Le
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100021, China
- Institute for Hand Surgery, Ruihua Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215104, China
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131
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Park SK, Zhao Z, Mukherjee B. Construction of environmental risk score beyond standard linear models using machine learning methods: application to metal mixtures, oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease in NHANES. Environ Health 2017; 16:102. [PMID: 28950902 PMCID: PMC5615812 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0310-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing concern of health effects of exposure to pollutant mixtures. We initially proposed an Environmental Risk Score (ERS) as a summary measure to examine the risk of exposure to multi-pollutants in epidemiologic research considering only pollutant main effects. We expand the ERS by consideration of pollutant-pollutant interactions using modern machine learning methods. We illustrate the multi-pollutant approaches to predicting a marker of oxidative stress (gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)), a common disease pathway linking environmental exposure and numerous health endpoints. METHODS We examined 20 metal biomarkers measured in urine or whole blood from 6 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2003-2004 to 2013-2014, n = 9664). We randomly split the data evenly into training and testing sets and constructed ERS's of metal mixtures for GGT using adaptive elastic-net with main effects and pairwise interactions (AENET-I), Bayesian additive regression tree (BART), Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), and Super Learner in the training set and evaluated their performances in the testing set. We also evaluated the associations between GGT-ERS and cardiovascular endpoints. RESULTS ERS based on AENET-I performed better than other approaches in terms of prediction errors in the testing set. Important metals identified in relation to GGT include cadmium (urine), dimethylarsonic acid, monomethylarsonic acid, cobalt, and barium. All ERS's showed significant associations with systolic and diastolic blood pressure and hypertension. For hypertension, one SD increase in each ERS from AENET-I, BART and SuperLearner were associated with odds ratios of 1.26 (95% CI, 1.15, 1.38), 1.17 (1.09, 1.25), and 1.30 (1.20, 1.40), respectively. ERS's showed non-significant positive associations with mortality outcomes. CONCLUSIONS ERS is a useful tool for characterizing cumulative risk from pollutant mixtures, with accounting for statistical challenges such as high degrees of correlations and pollutant-pollutant interactions. ERS constructed for an intermediate marker like GGT is predictive of related disease endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Zhangchen Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Bhramar Mukherjee
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
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132
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Aneni EC, Escolar E, Lamas GA. Chronic Toxic Metal Exposure and Cardiovascular Disease: Mechanisms of Risk and Emerging Role of Chelation Therapy. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2017; 18:81. [PMID: 27822681 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-016-0631-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, there has been a growing body of epidemiologic evidence linking chronic toxic metal exposure to cardiovascular disease-related morbidity and mortality. The recent and unexpectedly positive findings from a randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial of metal chelation for the secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy (TACT)) have focused the discussion on the role of chronic exposure to toxic metals in the development and propagation of cardiovascular disease and the role of toxic metal chelation therapy in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. This review summarizes the most recent evidence linking chronic toxic metal exposure to cardiovascular disease and examines the findings of TACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehimen C Aneni
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, 4300 Alton Road, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - Esteban Escolar
- Columbia University Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, 4300 Alton Road, Suite # 2070A, Miami Beach, FL, 33140, USA
| | - Gervasio A Lamas
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, 4300 Alton Road, Miami Beach, FL, USA.
- Columbia University Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, 4300 Alton Road, Suite # 2070A, Miami Beach, FL, 33140, USA.
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133
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Arbi S, Oberholzer HM, Van Rooy MJ, Venter C, Bester MJ. Effects of chronic exposure to mercury and cadmium alone and in combination on the coagulation system of Sprague-Dawley rats. Ultrastruct Pathol 2017; 41:275-283. [DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2017.1327909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Arbi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Mia Jeanne Van Rooy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Chantelle Venter
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Megan Jean Bester
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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134
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Satarug S, Vesey DA, Gobe GC. Current health risk assessment practice for dietary cadmium: Data from different countries. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 106:430-445. [PMID: 28602857 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental toxicant with high rates of soil-to-plant transference. This makes exposure to Cd through the food-chain contamination a public health concern. Cd accumulates in kidneys, and the most frequently reported adverse effect of long-term Cd intake is injury to kidneys. The FAO/WHO Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives established a tolerable dietary intake level and a threshold to safeguard population health. The FAO/WHO tolerable intake was set at 25 μg per kg body weight per month (58 μg per day for a 70-kg person) with urinary Cd threshold at 5.24 μg/g creatinine. Worldwide population data indicate that urinary Cd excretion reflects cumulative Cd exposure or body burden more accurately than estimated Cd intake, derived from total diet study (TDS). For the adult population, TDS estimated Cd intake of 8-25 μg/day, while urinary Cd levels suggest higher intake levels (>30 μg/day). These Cd intake estimates are below the FAO/WHO intake guideline, but they exceed the levels that are associated with distinct pathologies in many organ systems. A wide diversity of Cd toxicity targets and Cd toxicity levels argue for a more restrictive dietary Cd intake guideline and the measures that minimize Cd levels in foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soisungwan Satarug
- UQ Diamantina Institute and Centre for Health Services Research, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - David A Vesey
- UQ Diamantina Institute and Centre for Health Services Research, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Renal Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Glenda C Gobe
- UQ Diamantina Institute and Centre for Health Services Research, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
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135
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Fagerberg B, Borné Y, Sallsten G, Smith JG, Acosta S, Persson M, Melander O, Forsgard N, Gottsäter A, Hedblad B, Barregard L, Engström G. Circulating cadmium concentration and risk of aortic aneurysms: A nested case-control study within the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort. Atherosclerosis 2017; 261:37-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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136
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Wang YJ, Yan J, Zou XL, Guo KJ, Zhao Y, Meng CY, Yin F, Guo L. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells repair cadmium-induced rat testis injury by inhibiting mitochondrial apoptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 271:39-47. [PMID: 28457857 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is a highly toxic metal with widespread exposure to people that can cause tissue injuries that lack effective treatment. The aim of this project was to uncover whether bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can repair cadmium-induced rat testis injury and to explore the role of mitochondrial apoptosis in this process. To this end, 21 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, model and therapy groups, 7 each, and were administered 0, 0.4 and 0.4 mg/kg body weight CdCl2 saline solution, respectively, by intraperitoneal injection 5 times per week for 5 weeks. Then, rats in the therapy group were treated with 107 BMSCs by retro-orbital injections, while the others were given equal volumes of phosphate buffered saline. Following 2-week BMSCs-treatment, the therapy rats were heavier than the model rats, despite there being no difference in testicular cadmium contents between these groups, which were both significantly higher than the control group. BMSCs were observed in the testis of the therapy rats, in which pathological changes improved significantly compared with the model group. Expression of the apoptosis-associated proteins Bim, Bax, Cytochrome C, Caspase-3, active-Caspase-3 and AIF increased, while Bcl-2 was reduced significantly in rat testes of model group compared with the other groups. Based on these findings, we conclude that cadmium can accumulate in rat testes where it caused severe tissue injury, BMSCs can be localized to the injured testicular tissue of rats and repair the tissue injury, these reparative effects may be highly related with mitochondrial apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jie Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao-Li Zou
- Department of Orthopaedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ke-Jun Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chun-Yang Meng
- Department of Orthopaedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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137
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Luo Y, McCullough LE, Tzeng JY, Darrah T, Vengosh A, Maguire RL, Maity A, Samuel-Hodge C, Murphy SK, Mendez MA, Hoyo C. Maternal blood cadmium, lead and arsenic levels, nutrient combinations, and offspring birthweight. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:354. [PMID: 28438148 PMCID: PMC5402649 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4225-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) are common environmental contaminants that have been associated with lower birthweight. Although some essential metals may mitigate exposure, data are inconsistent. This study sought to evaluate the relationship between toxic metals, nutrient combinations and birthweight among 275 mother-child pairs. Methods Non-essential metals, Cd, Pb, As, and essential metals, iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), copper (Cu), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and manganese (Mn) were measured in maternal whole blood obtained during the first trimester using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Folate concentrations were measured by microbial assay. Birthweight was obtained from medical records. We used quantile regression to evaluate the association between toxic metals and nutrients due to their underlying wedge-shaped relationship. Ordinary linear regression was used to evaluate associations between birth weight and toxic metals. Results After multivariate adjustment, the negative association between Pb or Cd and a combination of Fe, Se, Ca and folate was robust, persistent and dose-dependent (p < 0.05). However, a combination of Zn, Cu, Mn and Mg was positively associated with Pb and Cd levels. While prenatal blood Cd and Pb were also associated with lower birthweight. Fe, Se, Ca and folate did not modify these associations. Conclusion Small sample size and cross-sectional design notwithstanding, the robust and persistent negative associations between some, but not all, nutrient combinations with these ubiquitous environmental contaminants suggest that only some recommended nutrient combinations may mitigate toxic metal exposure in chronically exposed populations. Larger longitudinal studies are required to confirm these findings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4225-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Luo
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Jung-Ying Tzeng
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA. .,Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA. .,Department of Statistics, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Thomas Darrah
- School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Avner Vengosh
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rachel L Maguire
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27533, USA
| | - Arnab Maity
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27533, USA.
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138
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Li Y, Zhang Y, Wang W, Wu Y. Association of urinary cadmium with risk of diabetes: a meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:10083-10090. [PMID: 28233200 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8610-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The association between urinary cadmium and diabetes risk remains controversial. PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data updated on 21 June 2016 were searched for eligible publications. Pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of diabetes for highest versus lowest level of urinary cadmium was calculated by using fixed-effect model or random-effect model. Dose-response relationship between urinary cadmium and diabetes was estimated by restricted cubic spline. A total of nine studies with 28,691 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled OR of diabetes for the highest versus lowest level of urinary cadmium was 1.02 (95% CI, 1.00, 1.05; I 2 = 42.3%). In subgroup analysis, the ORs were 1.02 (95% CI 1.00, 1.05; I 2 = 0.9%) for studies conducted in Asia and 1.11 (95% CI 0.88, 1.41; I 2 = 86.3%) in America. For dose-response analysis, a linear relationship was found between urinary cadmium and the risk of diabetes (P for nonlinear = 0.5856). For every l μg/g creatinine increment of urinary cadmium, the risk of diabetes increased by 16% (1.16, 95% CI 1.08, 1.25). This meta-analysis suggests that cadmium exposure might be significantly associated with prevalence of diabetes, but large prospective studies are needed to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Qingdao University Medical College, No. 38 Deng Zhou Road, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Service Management, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Weijing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Qingdao University Medical College, No. 38 Deng Zhou Road, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Yili Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Qingdao University Medical College, No. 38 Deng Zhou Road, Qingdao, 266021, China.
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139
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Hsu CW, Weng CH, Lee CC, Lin-Tan DT, Chu PH, Chen KH, Yen TH, Huang WH. Urinary cadmium levels predict mortality of patients with acute heart failure. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2017; 13:379-386. [PMID: 28392700 PMCID: PMC5375634 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s119010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute heart failure (AHF) is a serious condition that is associated with increased mortality in critically ill patients. Previous studies indicated that environmental exposure to cadmium increases mortality of general populations. However, the relationship of cadmium exposure and mortality is unclear for AHF patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 153 patients with AHF in intensive care units (ICUs) met the inclusion criteria and were followed up for 6 months. Demographic data, AHF etiology, hematological and biochemical data, and hospital mortality were recorded. The scores of two predictive systems (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment [SOFA], Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II [APACHE II]) for mortality in critically ill patients were calculated, and urinary cadmium levels were recorded. RESULTS At the end of the follow-up period, the mortality rate was 24.8%. The survivors (n=115) had higher urinary cadmium levels on day 1 (D1UCd) of ICU admission than non-survivors (n=38). A multiple linear regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between D1UCd and acute kidney injury, but a negative correlation between D1UCd and the level of serum albumin. A multivariate Cox analysis indicated that D1UCd was an independent predictor of mortality in AHF patients. For each increment of 1 μg of D1UCd, the hazard ratio for ICU mortality was 1.20 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-1.32, P<0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for D1UCd was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.78-0.91), better than the values for the SOFA and APACHE II systems. CONCLUSION The D1UCd may serve as a single predictor of hospital mortality for AHF patients in the ICU. Because of the high mortality and smaller sample size, more investigations are required to confirm these observations and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wei Hsu
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Clinical Toxicology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Nephrology, Division of Clinical Toxicology, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; Chang Gung University and School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Hao Weng
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Clinical Toxicology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Nephrology, Division of Clinical Toxicology, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; Chang Gung University and School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Chia Lee
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Clinical Toxicology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Nephrology, Division of Clinical Toxicology, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; Chang Gung University and School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Dan-Tzu Lin-Tan
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Clinical Toxicology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Nephrology, Division of Clinical Toxicology, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; Chang Gung University and School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pao-Hsien Chu
- Chang Gung University and School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; Division of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuan-Hsing Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Clinical Toxicology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Nephrology, Division of Clinical Toxicology, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; Chang Gung University and School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tzung-Hai Yen
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Clinical Toxicology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Nephrology, Division of Clinical Toxicology, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; Chang Gung University and School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Hung Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Clinical Toxicology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Nephrology, Division of Clinical Toxicology, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; Chang Gung University and School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
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140
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Burroughs Peña MS, Rollins A. Environmental Exposures and Cardiovascular Disease: A Challenge for Health and Development in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Cardiol Clin 2017; 35:71-86. [PMID: 27886791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccl.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Environmental exposures in low- and middle-income countries lie at the intersection of increased economic development and the rising public health burden of cardiovascular disease. Increasing evidence suggests an association of exposure to ambient air pollution, household air pollution from biomass fuel, lead, arsenic, and cadmium with multiple cardiovascular disease outcomes, including hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular mortality. Although populations in low- and middle-income countries are disproportionately exposed to environmental pollution, evidence linking these exposures to cardiovascular disease is derived from populations in high-income countries. More research is needed to further characterize the extent of environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S Burroughs Peña
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, 11th Floor, Room 1180D, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Allman Rollins
- Department of Medicine, University of California, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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141
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Environmental Pollutants, Limitations in Physical Functioning, and Frailty in Older Adults. Curr Environ Health Rep 2017; 4:12-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s40572-017-0128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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142
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Fagerberg B, Borné Y, Barregard L, Sallsten G, Forsgard N, Hedblad B, Persson M, Engström G. Cadmium exposure is associated with soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, a circulating marker of inflammation and future cardiovascular disease. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 152:185-191. [PMID: 27792942 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet and smoking are the main sources of cadmium exposure in the general population. Cadmium increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, and experimental studies show that it induces inflammation. Blood cadmium levels are associated with macrophages in human atherosclerotic plaques. Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is an emerging biomarker for cardiovascular events related to inflammation and atherosclerotic plaques. The aim was to examine whether blood cadmium levels are associated with circulating suPAR and other markers of inflammation. METHODS A population sample of 4648 Swedish middle-aged women and men was examined cross-sectionally in 1991-1994. Plasma suPAR was assessed by ELISA, leukocytes were measured by standard methods, and blood cadmium was analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Prevalent cardiovascular disease, ultrasound-assessed carotid plaque occurrence, and several possible confounding factors were recorded. RESULTS After full adjustment for risk factors and confounding variables, a 3-fold increase in blood cadmium was associated with an 10.9% increase in suPAR concentration (p<0.001). In never-smokers, a 3-fold increase in blood cadmium was associated with a 3.7% increase in suPAR concentration (p<0.01) after full adjustment. Blood cadmium was not associated with C-reactive protein, white blood cell count and Lp-PLA2 but with neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in one of two statistical models. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to cadmium was associated with increased plasma suPAR in the general population, independently of smoking and cardiovascular disease. These results imply that cadmium is a possible cause for raised levels of this inflammatory marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Fagerberg
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Yan Borné
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, CRC, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lars Barregard
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gerd Sallsten
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Niklas Forsgard
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bo Hedblad
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, CRC, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Margaretha Persson
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, CRC, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, CRC, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
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143
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Lamas GA, Issa OM. Edetate Disodium-Based Treatment for Secondary Prevention in Post-Myocardial Infarction Patients. Curr Cardiol Rep 2016; 18:20. [PMID: 26797807 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-015-0690-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An abundance of data, known for decades, is available linking metals, such as lead and cadmium, with cardiovascular disease. However, the idea that these toxic metals could be a modifiable risk factor for atherosclerosis did not become apparent clinically until the completion of the Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy in 2012. This pivotal study was the first double-blind, randomized, controlled trial of its kind to demonstrate a clear improvement in cardiovascular outcomes with edetate disodium therapy in a secondary prevention, post-myocardial infarction population. This effect size was most striking in diabetic patients, where the efficacy of edetate disodium was comparable, if not superior, to that of current guideline-based therapies. Given the economic burden of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, the potential impact of this therapy could be enormous if the results of this study are replicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gervasio A Lamas
- Columbia University Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach FL, 4300 Alton Road, Miami Beach, FL, 33140, USA.
| | - Omar M Issa
- Columbia University Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach FL, 4300 Alton Road, Miami Beach, FL, 33140, USA
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144
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Vacchi-Suzzi C, Kruse D, Harrington J, Levine K, Meliker JR. Is Urinary Cadmium a Biomarker of Long-term Exposure in Humans? A Review. Curr Environ Health Rep 2016; 3:450-458. [PMID: 27696280 PMCID: PMC5453507 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-016-0107-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is a naturally-occurring element, and humans are exposed from cigarettes, food, and industrial sources. Following exposure, cadmium accumulates in the kidney and is slowly released into the urine, usually proportionally to the levels found in the kidneys. Cadmium levels in a single spot urine sample have been considered indicative of long-term exposure to cadmium; however, such a potentially exceptional biomarker requires careful scrutiny. In this review, we report good to excellent temporal stability of urinary cadmium (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.66-0.81) regardless of spot urine or first morning void sampling. Factors such as changes in smoking habits and diseases characterized by increased excretion of proteins may produce short-term changes in urinary cadmium levels. We recommend that epidemiologists use this powerful biomarker in prospective studies stratified by smoking status, along with thoughtful consideration of additional factors that can influence renal physiology and cadmium excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Vacchi-Suzzi
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
| | - Danielle Kruse
- Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - James Harrington
- Analytical Sciences Department, Innovation, Technology and Development RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Keith Levine
- Analytical Sciences Department, Innovation, Technology and Development RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Jaymie R Meliker
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
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145
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Osorio-Yañez C, Gelaye B, Miller RS, Enquobahrie DA, Baccarelli AA, Qiu C, Williams MA. Associations of Maternal Urinary Cadmium with Trimester-Specific Blood Pressure in Pregnancy: Role of Dietary Intake of Micronutrients. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 174:71-81. [PMID: 27129315 PMCID: PMC6601343 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0705-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies revealed associations of urinary Cd (U-Cd), a chronic Cd exposure biomarker, with blood pressure (BP) in non-pregnant adults. However, the evidence regarding trimester-specific blood pressure in pregnancy and U-Cd and effect modification by dietary intake of micronutrients is scarce. We randomly selected 653 women from the Omega Study cohort. U-Cd was quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Trimester-specific, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were determined employing standard protocols and mean arterial pressure (MAP) was also calculated. Associations of SBP, DBP, and MAP with U-Cd tertiles (≤0.21; 0.22-0.41; ≥0.42 μg/g Cr) were assessed using multivariable linear regression models. We also explored effect modification by pre-pregnancy BMI (≤25 or >25 kg/m2) or low/high micronutrients intake. After adjusting confounders in women with elevated (upper tertile) as compared with those with low (lowest tertile) U-Cd (≥0.42 vs. ≤0.21 μg/g Cr, respectively) had reduced third trimester MAP (-1.8; 95 % confidence interval (CI) = -3.1, -0.5 mmHg) and second trimester MAP (-1.1; 95 % CI = -2.3, -0.03 mmHg). A significant decrease in third-trimester MAP associated with increased U-Cd was observed only among normal/underweight women (BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2) and women with high dietary intake of micronutrients (calcium, magnesium, zinc, and selenium). Notably, U-Cd concentrations increased with the increased consumption of zinc and non-heme iron food sources. No significant differences in U-Cd concentrations were found in preeclamptic women compared with non-preeclamptic women. Our study provides evidence that dietary intake of micronutrients should be taken into account when assessing the health effects of Cd in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Osorio-Yañez
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Kresge 500, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - B Gelaye
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Kresge 500, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - R S Miller
- Center for Perinatal Studies, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D A Enquobahrie
- Center for Perinatal Studies, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A A Baccarelli
- Environmental Health Department, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Qiu
- Center for Perinatal Studies, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M A Williams
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Kresge 500, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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146
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Ninkov M, Popov Aleksandrov A, Mirkov I, Demenesku J, Mileusnic D, Jovanovic Stojanov S, Golic N, Tolinacki M, Zolotarevski L, Kataranovski D, Brceski I, Kataranovski M. Strain differences in toxicity of oral cadmium intake in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 96:11-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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147
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Hecht EM, Arheart KL, Lee DJ, Hennekens CH, Hlaing WM. Interrelation of Cadmium, Smoking, and Cardiovascular Disease (from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey). Am J Cardiol 2016; 118:204-9. [PMID: 27316775 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2016.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium biomarker levels are associated with both cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease. In this cross-sectional survey, we explore whether the association between cadmium and cardiovascular disease differs between cigarette smoking states. A cross-sectional analysis using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2003 to 2012 was performed accounting for the nationally representative complex sampling design. All participants 45 to 79 years old with blood and urinary cadmium levels were included (n = 12,511). We explored the inter-relationships of blood and urine cadmium levels with cigarette smoking and a composite cardiovascular outcome that included self-reported myocardial infarction or stroke or both. We used multivariable logistic regressing models to further adjust for age, income, gender, hypercholesterolemia, body mass index, diabetes, smoking intensity, and time period of smoking cessation. Of the 12,511 participants, 1,330 (8.5%) had previous myocardial infarction or stroke or both. The crude prevalence ratio (PR) comparing those in the lowest tertile of blood cadmium with those in the highest tertile for the composite outcome was 1.73 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.49 to 2.01). After adjustment for age, gender, income, self-reported diabetes, self-reported hypercholesterolemia, body mass index, and smoking status, the PR was 1.54 (95% CI 1.30 to 1.84). The adjusted PRs for each smoking subgroup were 1.54 (95% CI 1.09 to 2.18) for never-smokers, 1.57 (95% CI 1.11 to 2.23) for current smokers, and 1.31 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.78) for former smokers. These descriptive data from a nationally representative sample suggest that cadmium is related to cardiovascular outcomes even after adjustment for smoking status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Hecht
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
| | - Kristopher L Arheart
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - David J Lee
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Charles H Hennekens
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida; Department of Preventive Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida; Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - WayWay M Hlaing
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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148
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Abstract
The Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy (TACT) was a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial enrolling patients age ≥50 years with prior myocardial infarction. TACT used a 2 × 2 factorial design to study ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) chelation and high-dose vitamin supplementation. Chelation provided a modest but significant reduction in cardiovascular endpoints. The benefit was stronger and significant among participants with diabetes but absent in those without diabetes. Mechanisms by which chelation might reduce cardiovascular risk in persons with diabetes include the effects of EDTA chelation on transition and toxic metals. Transition metals, particularly copper and iron, play important roles in oxidative stress pathways. Toxic metals, in particular cadmium and lead, are toxic for the cardiovascular system. This review discusses the epidemiologic evidence and animal and human studies supporting the role of these metals in the development of diabetes and ischemic heart disease and potential ways by which EDTA chelation could confer cardiovascular benefit.
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149
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Santos-Gallego CG, Jialal I. Cadmium and atherosclerosis: Heavy metal or singing the blues? Atherosclerosis 2016; 249:230-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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150
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Lamas GA, Navas-Acien A, Mark DB, Lee KL. Heavy Metals, Cardiovascular Disease, and the Unexpected Benefits of Chelation Therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 67:2411-2418. [PMID: 27199065 PMCID: PMC4876980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes evidence from 2 lines of research previously thought to be unrelated: the unexpectedly positive results of TACT (Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy), and a body of epidemiological data showing that accumulation of biologically active metals, such as lead and cadmium, is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Considering these 2 areas of work together may lead to the identification of new, modifiable risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. We examine the history of chelation up through the report of TACT. We then describe work connecting higher metal levels in the body with the future risk of cardiovascular disease. We conclude by presenting a brief overview of a newly planned National Institutes of Health trial, TACT2, in which we will attempt to replicate the findings of TACT and to establish that removal of toxic metal stores from the body is a plausible mechanistic explanation for the benefits of edetate disodium treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gervasio A Lamas
- Columbia University Division of Cardiology at Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida.
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniel B Mark
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kerry L Lee
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
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