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Altermann Torre V, Machado AG, de Sá Couto-Pereira N, Mar Arcego D, Dos Santos Vieira A, Salerno PSV, Dos Santos Garcia E, Lazzaretti C, Toniazzo AP, Nedel F, Noschang C, Schmitz F, Wyse ATS, Dalmaz C, Krolow R. Consumption of a palatable diet rich in simple sugars during development impairs memory of different degrees of emotionality and changes hippocampal plasticity according to the age of the rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2020; 80:354-368. [PMID: 32299124 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of a chronic palatable diet rich in simple sugars on memory of different degrees of emotionality in male adult rats, and on hippocampal plasticity markers in different stages of development. On postnatal day (PND) 21, 45 male Wistar rats were divided in two groups, according to their diet: (1-Control) receiving standard lab chow or (2-Palatable Diet) receiving both standard chow plus palatable diet ad libitum. At PND 60, behavioral tests were performed to investigate memory in distinct tasks. Hippocampal plasticity markers were investigated at PND 28 in half of the animals, and after the behavioral tests. Palatable diet consumption induced an impairment in memory, aversive or not, and increased Na+ , K+ -ATPase activity, both at PND 28, and in the adulthood. Synaptophysin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and protein kinase B (AKT), and phosphorylated AKT were reduced in the hippocampus at PND 28. However, at PND 75, this diet consumption led to increased hippocampal levels of synaptophysin, spinophilin/neurabin-II, and decreased BDNF and neuronal nitric oxide synthase. These results showed a strongly association of simple sugars-rich diet consumption during the development with memory impairments. Plasticity markers are changed, with results that depend on the stage of development evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Altermann Torre
- Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas (UCPel), Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Gonçalves Machado
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica/Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Natividade de Sá Couto-Pereira
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica/Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Danusa Mar Arcego
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica/Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Aline Dos Santos Vieira
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica/Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Emily Dos Santos Garcia
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica/Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Camilla Lazzaretti
- Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Toniazzo
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica/Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Nedel
- Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas (UCPel), Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Cristie Noschang
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica/Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felipe Schmitz
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica/Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica/Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carla Dalmaz
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica/Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rachel Krolow
- Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas (UCPel), Pelotas, Brazil
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica/Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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102
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Alejandro Borja GP, Alejandro Navarro E, Beatriz GC, Ignacio M, Milagros G. Accumbens and amygdala in taste recognition memory: The role of d1 dopamine receptors. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2020; 174:107277. [PMID: 32707274 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The attenuation of taste neophobia (AN) is a good model for studying the structural and neurochemical mechanisms of the emotional component of memory because taste recognition memory exhibits the unique feature of being necessarily linked to hedonic properties. Whilst novel tastes elicit cautious neophobic responses, taste exposures which are not followed by aversive consequences attenuate neophobia as the taste becomes safe and palatable. Given the involvement of the nucleus accumbens in reward and of the amygdala in emotional memories, we applied c-Fos immunohistochemistry as an index of neural activity in Wistar rats that were exposed to a vinegar solution for one, two or six days. An inverse pattern of accumbens nucleus vs amygdala activity was found on the second exposure day on which AN occurred. The number of c-Fos positive cells in the nucleus accumbens shell increased whilst the number of c-Fos positive cells in the basolateral amygdala decreased. Further analyses revealed a positive correlation between AN and the number of c-Fos positive cells in the accumbens shell but a negative correlation in the basolateral amygdala. Furthermore the accumbens-amygdala interplay relevant for AN seems to be mediated by dopamine D1 receptors (D1DR). The injection of SCH23390 (D1DR antagonist) in both the accumbens shell and the basolateral amygdala on the second taste exposure resulted in selectively impaired AN but had opposite long term effects. This finding supports the relevance of a dopaminergic network mediated by D1DRs in the nucleus accumbens shell and basolateral amygdala which is critical for adding the emotional component during the formation of taste memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grau-Perales Alejandro Borja
- Department of Psychobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Spain.
| | - Expósito Alejandro Navarro
- Department of Psychobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Spain
| | - Gómez-Chacón Beatriz
- Department of Psychobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Spain
| | - Morón Ignacio
- Department of Psychobiology, Centre of Investigation of Mind and Behaviour (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Spain
| | - Gallo Milagros
- Department of Psychobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Spain
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103
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Aggleton JP, Nelson AJD. Distributed interactive brain circuits for object-in-place memory: A place for time? Brain Neurosci Adv 2020; 4:2398212820933471. [PMID: 32954003 PMCID: PMC7479857 DOI: 10.1177/2398212820933471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodents will spontaneously learn the location of an individual object, an
ability captured by the object-in-place test. This review considers
the network of structures supporting this behavioural test, as well as
some potential confounds that may affect interpretation. A
hierarchical approach is adopted, as we first consider those brain
regions necessary for two simpler, ‘precursor’ tests (object
recognition and object location). It is evident that performing the
object-in-place test requires an array of areas additional to those
required for object recognition or object location. These additional
areas include the rodent medial prefrontal cortex and two thalamic
nuclei (nucleus reuniens and the medial dorsal nucleus), both densely
interconnected with prefrontal areas. Consequently, despite the need
for object and location information to be integrated for the
object-in-place test, for example, via the hippocampus, other
contributions are necessary. These contributions stem from how
object-in-place is a test of associative recognition, as none of the
individual elements in the test phase are novel. Parallels between the
structures required for object-in-place and for recency
discriminations, along with a re-examination of the demands of the
object-in-place test, signal the integration of temporal information
within what is usually regarded as a spatial-object test.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Aggleton
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
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104
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Developmental onset distinguishes three types of spontaneous recognition memory in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10612. [PMID: 32606443 PMCID: PMC7326931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67619-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous recognition memory tasks build on an animal’s natural preference for novelty to assess the what, where and when components of episodic memory. Their simplicity, ethological relevance and cross-species adaptability make them extremely useful to study the physiology and pathology of memory. Recognition memory deficits are common in rodent models of neurodevelopmental disorders, and yet very little is known about the expression of spontaneous recognition memory in young rodents. This is exacerbated by the paucity of data on the developmental onset of recognition memory in mice, a major animal model of disease. To address this, we characterized the ontogeny of three types of spontaneous recognition memory in mice: object location, novel object recognition and temporal order recognition. We found that object location is the first to emerge, at postnatal day (P)21. This was followed by novel object recognition (24 h delay), at P25. Temporal order recognition was the last to emerge, at P28. Elucidating the developmental expression of recognition memory in mice is critical to improving our understanding of the ontogeny of episodic memory, and establishes a necessary blueprint to apply these tasks to probe cognitive deficits at clinically relevant time points in animal models of developmental disorders.
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105
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Rodrigo-Herrero S, Sánchez-Benavides G, Ainz-Gómez L, Luque-Tirado A, Graciani-Cantisán E, Sánchez-Arjona MB, Maillet D, Jiménez-Hernández MD, Franco-Macías E. Norms for Testing Visual Binding Using the Memory Associative Test (TMA-93) in Older Educationally-Diverse Adults. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 75:871-878. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-191235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rodrigo-Herrero
- Unidad de Memoria, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Leire Ainz-Gómez
- Unidad de Memoria, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - Andrea Luque-Tirado
- Unidad de Memoria, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | | | | | - Didier Maillet
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | | | - Emilio Franco-Macías
- Unidad de Memoria, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
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106
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Seemiller LR, Gould TJ. The effects of adolescent alcohol exposure on learning and related neurobiology in humans and rodents. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2020; 172:107234. [PMID: 32428585 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent alcohol use is a widespread problem in the United States. In both humans and rodents, alcohol can impair learning and memory processes mediated by forebrain areas such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HC). Adolescence is a period in which alcohol use often begins, and it is also a time that can be uniquely sensitive to the detrimental effects of alcohol. Exposure to alcohol during adolescence can cause persisting alterations in PFC and HC neurobiology that are linked to cognitive impairments, including changes in neurogenesis, inflammation, and various neurotransmitter systems in rodent models. Consistent with this, chronic adolescent alcohol exposure can cause PFC-dependent learning impairments that persist into adulthood. Deficits in adult HC-dependent learning after adolescent alcohol exposure have also been reported, but these findings are less consistent. Overall, evidence summarized in this review indicates that adolescent exposure to alcohol can produce long-term detrimental effects on forebrain-dependent cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel R Seemiller
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Thomas J Gould
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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107
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Prefrontal-hippocampal functional connectivity encodes recognition memory and is impaired in intellectual disability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:11788-11798. [PMID: 32393630 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921314117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common form of intellectual disability. The cognitive alterations in DS are thought to depend on brain regions critical for learning and memory such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the hippocampus (HPC). Neuroimaging studies suggest that increased brain connectivity correlates with lower intelligence quotients (IQ) in individuals with DS; however, its contribution to cognitive impairment is unresolved. We recorded neural activity in the PFC and HPC of the trisomic Ts65Dn mouse model of DS during quiet wakefulness, natural sleep, and the performance of a memory test. During rest, trisomic mice showed increased theta oscillations and cross-frequency coupling in the PFC and HPC while prefrontal-hippocampal synchronization was strengthened, suggesting hypersynchronous local and cross-regional processing. During sleep, slow waves were reduced, and gamma oscillations amplified in Ts65Dn mice, likely reflecting prolonged light sleep. Moreover, hippocampal sharp-wave ripples were disrupted, which may have further contributed to deficient memory consolidation. Memory performance in euploid mice correlated strongly with functional connectivity measures that indicated a hippocampal control over memory acquisition and retrieval at theta and gamma frequencies, respectively. By contrast, trisomic mice exhibited poor memory abilities and disordered prefrontal-hippocampal functional connectivity. Memory performance and key neurophysiological alterations were rescued after 1 month of chronic administration of a green tea extract containing epigallocatequin-3-gallate (EGCG), which improves executive function in young adults with DS and Ts65Dn mice. Our findings suggest that abnormal prefrontal-hippocampal circuit dynamics are candidate neural mechanisms for memory impairment in DS.
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108
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Mao JH, Kim YM, Zhou YX, Hu D, Zhong C, Chang H, Brislawn CJ, Fansler S, Langley S, Wang Y, Peisl BYL, Celniker SE, Threadgill DW, Wilmes P, Orr G, Metz TO, Jansson JK, Snijders AM. Genetic and metabolic links between the murine microbiome and memory. MICROBIOME 2020; 8:53. [PMID: 32299497 PMCID: PMC7164142 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00817-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence has linked the gut microbiome to host behavior via the gut-brain axis [1-3]; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unexplored. Here, we determined the links between host genetics, the gut microbiome and memory using the genetically defined Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse cohort, complemented with microbiome and metabolomic analyses in conventional and germ-free (GF) mice. RESULTS A genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) identified 715 of 76,080 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were significantly associated with short-term memory using the passive avoidance model. The identified SNPs were enriched in genes known to be involved in learning and memory functions. By 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the gut microbial community in the same CC cohort, we identified specific microorganisms that were significantly correlated with longer latencies in our retention test, including a positive correlation with Lactobacillus. Inoculation of GF mice with individual species of Lactobacillus (L. reuteri F275, L. plantarum BDGP2 or L. brevis BDGP6) resulted in significantly improved memory compared to uninoculated or E. coli DH10B inoculated controls. Untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed significantly higher levels of several metabolites, including lactate, in the stools of Lactobacillus-colonized mice, when compared to GF control mice. Moreover, we demonstrate that dietary lactate treatment alone boosted memory in conventional mice. Mechanistically, we show that both inoculation with Lactobacillus or lactate treatment significantly increased the levels of the neurotransmitter, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), in the hippocampus of the mice. CONCLUSION Together, this study provides new evidence for a link between Lactobacillus and memory and our results open possible new avenues for treating memory impairment disorders using specific gut microbial inoculants and/or metabolites. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Mao
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Young-Mo Kim
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA USA
| | - Yan-Xia Zhou
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209 China
| | - Dehong Hu
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA USA
| | - Chenhan Zhong
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Hang Chang
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Colin J. Brislawn
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA USA
| | - Sarah Fansler
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA USA
| | - Sasha Langley
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033 Shandong China
| | - B. Y. Loulou Peisl
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Susan E. Celniker
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - David W. Threadgill
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine Texas, A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Paul Wilmes
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Galya Orr
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA USA
| | - Thomas O. Metz
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA USA
| | - Janet K. Jansson
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA USA
| | - Antoine M. Snijders
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
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109
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B Hughes R, Whittingham-Dowd J, Simmons RE, Clapcote SJ, Broughton SJ, Dawson N. Ketamine Restores Thalamic-Prefrontal Cortex Functional Connectivity in a Mouse Model of Neurodevelopmental Disorder-Associated 2p16.3 Deletion. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:2358-2371. [PMID: 31812984 PMCID: PMC7175007 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
2p16.3 deletions, involving heterozygous NEUREXIN1 (NRXN1) deletion, dramatically increase the risk of developing neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism and schizophrenia. We have little understanding of how NRXN1 heterozygosity increases the risk of developing these disorders, particularly in terms of the impact on brain and neurotransmitter system function and brain network connectivity. Thus, here we characterize cerebral metabolism and functional brain network connectivity in Nrxn1α heterozygous mice (Nrxn1α+/- mice), and assess the impact of ketamine and dextro-amphetamine on cerebral metabolism in these animals. We show that heterozygous Nrxn1α deletion alters cerebral metabolism in neural systems implicated in autism and schizophrenia including the thalamus, mesolimbic system, and select cortical regions. Nrxn1α heterozygosity also reduces the efficiency of functional brain networks, through lost thalamic "rich club" and prefrontal cortex (PFC) hub connectivity and through reduced thalamic-PFC and thalamic "rich club" regional interconnectivity. Subanesthetic ketamine administration normalizes the thalamic hypermetabolism and partially normalizes thalamic disconnectivity present in Nrxn1α+/- mice, while cerebral metabolic responses to dextro-amphetamine are unaltered. The data provide new insight into the systems-level impact of heterozygous Nrxn1α deletion and how this increases the risk of developing neurodevelopmental disorders. The data also suggest that the thalamic dysfunction induced by heterozygous Nrxn1α deletion may be NMDA receptor-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca B Hughes
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Jayde Whittingham-Dowd
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Rachel E Simmons
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Steven J Clapcote
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Susan J Broughton
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Neil Dawson
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
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110
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The effects of Engelhardtia chrysolepis Hance on long-term memory and potential dopamine involvement in mice. Behav Pharmacol 2020; 30:596-604. [PMID: 31503068 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Engelhardtia chrysolepis Hance (ECH) is a perennial plant used in traditional medicine. A major active ingredient of ECH is astilbin (ASB), which has recently been shown to have neuroprotective effects as well as to affect catecholamine neurotransmissions in brain areas such as the prefrontal cortex. In this study, we investigated the effects of ECH and ASB on long-term memory in mice using a battery of behavioral tests. Acute ECH treatments dose-dependently facilitated nonspatial, but not spatial, memory. ECH treatments also upregulated expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, the enzyme mediating catecholamine synthesis, in neuroblastoma cell culture. Acute ASB treatments similarly improved nonspatial memory, whereas chronic ASB treatments improved both nonspatial and spatial memory. In accordance with such behavioral effects, the increased ratio of tissue concentrations of dopamine metabolites over dopamine in striatal regions was observed in mice with chronic ASB treatments. These results suggest that ECH and its active ingredient ASB may facilitate long-term memory by modulating catecholamine transmission.
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111
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Minocycline prevents neuronal hyperexcitability and neuroinflammation in medial prefrontal cortex, as well as memory impairment caused by repeated toluene inhalation in adolescent rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 395:114980. [PMID: 32234516 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.114980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Toluene can be intentionally misused by adolescents to experience psychoactive effects. Toluene has a complex mechanism of action and broad behavioral effects, among which memory impairment is reported consistently. We have previously reported that repeated toluene inhalation (8000 ppm) increases layer 5 prelimbic pyramidal cells' excitability in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of adolescent rats. Toluene also produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), which activate glial cells. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the anti-inflammatory agent minocycline would decrease toluene's effects because it inhibits NF-κB (nuclear factor enhancer of the kappa light chains of activated B cells) and reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine and ROS production. Our results show that minocycline (50 mg/kg, ip, for 10 days) prevents the hyperexcitability of mPFC neurons observed after repeated 8000 ppm toluene exposure (30 min/day, 2×/day for 10 days). Minocycline prevents toluene-induced hyperexcitability by a mechanism that averts the loss of the slow calcium-dependent potassium current, and normalizes mPFC neurons' firing frequency. These effects are accompanied by significant decreased expression of astrocytes and activated microglia in the mPFC, reduced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and mRNA expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1β (IL-1β), as well as increased mRNA expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). Minocycline also prevents toluene-induced memory impairment in adolescent rats in the passive avoidance task and the temporal order memory test in which the mPFC plays a central role. These results show that neuroinflammation produces several effects of repeated toluene administration at high concentrations, and minocycline can significantly prevent them.
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112
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Anterior retrosplenial cortex is required for long-term object recognition memory. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4002. [PMID: 32152383 PMCID: PMC7062718 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60937-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The retrosplenial cortex (RSC) is implicated on navigation and contextual memory. Lesions studies showed that the RSC shares functional similarities with the hippocampus (HP). Here we evaluated the role of the anterior RSC (aRSC) in the “what” and “where” components of recognition memory and contrasted it with that of the dorsal HP (dHP). Our behavioral and molecular findings show functional differences between the aRSC and the dHP in recognition memory. The inactivation of the aRSC, but not the dHP, impairs the consolidation and expression of the “what” memory component. In addition, object recognition task is accompanied by c-Fos levels increase in the aRSC. Interestingly, we found that the aRSC is recruited to process the “what” memory component only if it is active during acquisition. In contrast, both the aRSC and dHP are required for encoding the “where” component, which correlates with c-Fos levels increase. Our findings introduce a novel role of the aRSC in recognition memory, processing not only the “where”, but also the “what” memory component.
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113
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Evans CE, Miners JS, Piva G, Willis CL, Heard DM, Kidd EJ, Good MA, Kehoe PG. ACE2 activation protects against cognitive decline and reduces amyloid pathology in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 139:485-502. [PMID: 31982938 PMCID: PMC7035243 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-02098-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mid-life hypertension and cerebrovascular dysfunction are associated with increased risk of later life dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The classical renin–angiotensin system (cRAS), a physiological regulator of blood pressure, functions independently within the brain and is overactive in AD. cRAS-targeting anti-hypertensive drugs are associated with reduced incidence of AD, delayed onset of cognitive decline, and reduced levels of Aβ and tau in both animal models and human pathological studies. cRAS activity is moderated by a downstream regulatory RAS pathway (rRAS), which is underactive in AD and is strongly associated with pathological hallmarks in human AD, and cognitive decline in animal models of CNS disease. We now show that enhancement of brain ACE2 activity, a major effector of rRAS, by intraperitoneal administration of diminazene aceturate (DIZE), an established activator of ACE2, lowered hippocampal Aβ and restored cognition in mid-aged (13–14-month-old) symptomatic Tg2576 mice. We confirmed that the protective effects of DIZE were directly mediated through ACE2 and were associated with reduced hippocampal soluble Aβ42 and IL1-β levels. DIZE restored hippocampal MasR levels in conjunction with increased NMDA NR2B and downstream ERK signalling expression in hippocampal synaptosomes from Tg2576 mice. Chronic (10 weeks) administration of DIZE to pre-symptomatic 9–10-month-old Tg2576 mice, and acute (10 days) treatment in cognitively impaired 12–13-month-old mice, prevented the development of cognitive impairment. Together these data demonstrate that ACE2 enhancement protects against and reverses amyloid-related hippocampal pathology and cognitive impairment in a preclinical model of AD.
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Assessing object-recognition memory in rats: Pitfalls of the existent tasks and the advantages of a new test. Learn Behav 2020; 47:141-155. [PMID: 30132280 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-018-0347-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Studies of object-recognition memory in lab rats began in the late 1980s, using variants of the trial-unique delayed nonmatching-to-sample (DNMS) task. By the end of the 20th century, most investigators who wanted to study object-recognition in rodents had abandoned the DNMS task in favor of the novel-object-preference (NOP) test, mainly because the latter test is relatively easy to employ, whereas conventional DNMS tasks are not. Some concerns have been raised, however, about the internal validity of the NOP test as a method of measuring object-recognition abilities. We describe two experiments using a new DNMS procedure which requires considerably less training than the DNMS tasks of the 1980s and 1990s, and which cannot be subject to the same criticisms that have been leveled at the NOP test. In Experiment 1, rats were trained on the new modified-DNMS (mDNMS) task using short delays. Rats successfully learned the nonmatching rule in fewer than 25 trials, and they made accurate choices with retention intervals of up to 10 min. Experiment 2 examined a different group of rats' performance on the mDNMS task following long retention intervals (72 h, 3 weeks, and ~45 weeks). Rats made accurate choices on all retention intervals, even the longest retention interval of ~45 weeks. Overall, the findings demonstrate some benefits of an alternative approach to assess object-recognition memory in rats.
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Chang PK, Chu J, Tsai YT, Lai YH, Chen JC. Dopamine D 3 receptor and GSK3β signaling mediate deficits in novel object recognition memory within dopamine transporter knockdown mice. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:16. [PMID: 31900153 PMCID: PMC6942274 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0613-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over-stimulation of dopamine signaling is thought to underlie the pathophysiology of a list of mental disorders, such as psychosis, mania and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. These disorders are frequently associated with cognitive deficits in attention or learning and memory, suggesting that persistent activation of dopamine signaling may change neural plasticity to induce cognitive or emotional malfunction. METHODS Dopamine transporter knockdown (DAT-KD) mice were used to mimic a hyper-dopamine state. Novel object recognition (NOR) task was performed to assess the recognition memory. To test the role of dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) on NOR, DAT-KD mice were treated with either a D3R antagonist, FAUC365 or by deletion of D3R. Total or phospho-GSK3 and -ERK1/2 signals in various brain regions were measured by Western blot analyses. To examine the impact of GSK3 signal on NOR, wild-type mice were systemically treated with GSK3 inhibitor SB216763 or, micro-injected with lentiviral shRNA of GSK3β or GSK3α in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). RESULTS We confirmed our previous findings that DAT-KD mice displayed a deficit in NOR memory, which could be prevented by deletion of D3R or exposure to FAUC365. In WT mice, p-GSK3α and p-GSK3β were significantly decreased in the mPFC after exposure to novel objects; however, the DAT-KD mice exhibited no such change in mPFC p-GSK3α/β levels. DAT-KD mice treated with FAUC365 or with D3R deletion exhibited restored novelty-induced GSK3 dephosphorylation in the mPFC. Moreover, inhibition of GSK3 in WT mice diminished NOR performance and impaired recognition memory. Lentiviral shRNA knockdown of GSK3β, but not GSK3α, in the mPFC of WT mice also impaired NOR. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that D3R acts via GSK3β signaling in the mPFC to play a functional role in NOR memory. In addition, treatment with D3R antagonists may be a reasonable approach for ameliorating cognitive impairments or episodic memory deficits in bipolar disorder patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pi-Kai Chang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jung Chu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Heng Lai
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Chung Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Healthy Ageing Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linko, Taiwan.
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Takehara-Nishiuchi K. Prefrontal-hippocampal interaction during the encoding of new memories. Brain Neurosci Adv 2020; 4:2398212820925580. [PMID: 32954000 PMCID: PMC7479858 DOI: 10.1177/2398212820925580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus rapidly forms associations among ongoing events as they unfold and later instructs the gradual stabilisation of their memory traces in the neocortex. Although this two-stage model of memory consolidation has gained substantial empirical support, parallel evidence from rodent studies suggests that the neocortex, in particular the medial prefrontal cortex, might work in concert with the hippocampus during the encoding of new experiences. This opinion article first summarises findings from behavioural, electrophysiological, and molecular studies in rodents that uncovered immediate changes in synaptic connectivity and neural selectivity in the medial prefrontal cortex during and shortly after novel experiences. Based on these findings, I then propose a model positing that the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus might use different strategies to encode information during novel experiences, leading to the parallel formation of complementary memory traces in the two regions. The hippocampus captures moment-to-moment changes in incoming inputs with accurate spatial and temporal contexts, whereas the medial prefrontal cortex may sort the inputs based on their similarity and integrates them over time. These processes of pattern recognition and integration enable the medial prefrontal cortex to, in real time, capture the central content of novel experience and emit relevancy signal that helps to enhance the contrast between the relevant and incidental features of the experience. This hypothesis serves as a framework for future investigations on the potential top-down modulation that the medial prefrontal cortex may exert over the hippocampus to enable the selective, perhaps more intelligent encoding of new information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Takehara-Nishiuchi
- Department of Psychology,
University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems
Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Neuroscience Program, University
of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Eleutheroside E attenuates isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction by regulating the α7-nAChR-NMDAR pathway. Neuroreport 2019; 30:188-194. [PMID: 30585907 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that cognitive dysfunction induced by anesthetics is adversely affecting a large number of elderly surgical patients. Eleutheroside E (EE), a principal component of Eleutherococcus senticosus, exerts obvious protective effects on cognition. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of EE on isoflurane (ISO)-induced cognitive dysfunction and explore the possible mechanisms. Learning and memory are assessed in novel object recognition and Morris water maze. We found that with ISO exposure, aged rats had a lower preference for the new object and spent less time in the target quarter. However, the amnesia can be alleviated by EE (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). Further research focused on the possible protective molecules associated with learning and memory, such as acetylcholine (ACh) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7-nAChR), and NR2B, is required. The ACh in the hippocampus and serum was decreased after ISO exposure; meanwhile, the expression of ChAT, α7-nAChRs, and NR2B was downregulated. This abnormal state can be reversed by the administration of EE. Here, our results suggested that EE may be a potential therapeutic agent against ISO-induced cognitive dysfunction. The possible mechanism can be attributed to its neuroprotection through enhancing ChAT, which promotes the synthesis of ACh, further influencing the expression of the α7-nAChR-NR2B complex.
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Alpha 2-adrenergic dysregulation in congenic DxH recombinant inbred mice selectively bred for a high fear-sensitized (H-FSS) startle response. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 188:172835. [PMID: 31805289 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.172835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Patients with anxiety disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) exhibit exaggerated fear responses and noradrenergic dysregulation. Fear-related responses to α2-adrenergic challenge were therefore studied in DxH C3H/HeJ-like recombinant inbred (C3HLRI) mice, which are a DBA/2J-congenic strain selectively bred for a high fear-sensitized startle (H-FSS). C3HLRI mice showed an enhanced acoustic startle response and immobility in the forced swim test compared to DBA/2J controls. The α2-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine (Yoh; 5.0 mg/kg) induced an anxiogenic and the α2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine (Clon; 0.1 mg/kg) an anxiolytic effect in the open field (OF) in C3HLRI but not DBA/2J mice. In auditory fear-conditioning, Yoh (5.0 mg/kg)-treated C3HLRI mice showed higher freezing during fear recall and extinction learning than DBA/2J mice, and a higher ceiling for the Yoh-induced deficit in fear extinction. No strain differences were observed in exploration-related anxiety/spatial learning or the Clon-induced (0.1 mg/kg) corticosterone surge. A global analysis of the behavioral profile of the two mouse strains based on observed and expected numbers of significant behavioral outcomes indicated that C3HLRI mice showed significantly more often fear- and stress-related PTSD-like behaviors than DBA/2J controls. The analysis of the robustness of significant outcomes based on false discovery rate (FDR) thresholds confirmed significant differences for the strain-Yoh-interactions in the OF center and periphery, the Yoh-induced general extinction deficit, strain differences in conditioned fear levels, and at the dose of 5.0 mg/kg for the Yoh-induced ceiling in freezing levels among others. The current findings are consistent with previous observations showing alterations in the central noradrenergic system of C3HLRI mice (Browne et al., 2014, Stress 17:471-83). Based on their behavioral profile and response to α2-adrenergic stimulation, C3HLRI mice are a valuable genetic model for studying adrenergic mechanisms of anxiety disorders and potentially also of PTSD.
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Pais AB, Pais AC, Elmisurati G, Park SH, Miles MF, Wolstenholme JT. A Novel Neighbor Housing Environment Enhances Social Interaction and Rescues Cognitive Deficits from Social Isolation in Adolescence. Brain Sci 2019; 9:E336. [PMID: 31766669 PMCID: PMC6956193 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9120336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is characterized by high levels of playful social interaction, cognitive development, and increased risk-taking behavior. Juvenile exposure to social isolation or social stress can reduce myelin content in the frontal cortex, alter neuronal excitability, and disrupt hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis function. As compared to group housed animals, social isolation increases anxiety-like phenotypes and reduces social and cognitive performance in adulthood. We designed a neighbor housing environment to alleviate issues related to social isolation that still allowed individual homecages. Neighbor housing consists of four standard mouse cages fused together with semi-permeable ports that allow visual, olfactory, and limited social contact between mice. Adolescent C57BL/6J males and females were group housed (4/cage), single housed (1/cage), or neighbor housed (4/complex). As adults, mice were tested for social, anxiety-like, and cognitive behaviors. Living in this neighbor environment reduced anxiety-like behavior in the social interaction task and in the light-dark task. It also rescued cognitive deficits from single housing in the novel object recognition task. These data suggest that neighbor housing may partially ameliorate the social anxiety and cognitive deficits induced by social isolation. These neighbor cage environments may serve as a conduit by which researchers can house mice in individual cages while still enabling limited social interactions to better model typical adolescent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B. Pais
- VCU-Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA; (A.B.P.); (A.C.P.); (G.E.); (M.F.M.)
| | - Anthony C. Pais
- VCU-Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA; (A.B.P.); (A.C.P.); (G.E.); (M.F.M.)
| | - Gabriel Elmisurati
- VCU-Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA; (A.B.P.); (A.C.P.); (G.E.); (M.F.M.)
| | - So Hyun Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA;
| | - Michael F. Miles
- VCU-Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA; (A.B.P.); (A.C.P.); (G.E.); (M.F.M.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA;
| | - Jennifer T. Wolstenholme
- VCU-Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA; (A.B.P.); (A.C.P.); (G.E.); (M.F.M.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA;
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Contreras MP, Born J, Inostroza M. The expression of allocentric object-place recognition memory during development. Behav Brain Res 2019; 372:112013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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De Butte M, Gieseking B. Efficacy of a low-dose melatonin pretreatment in protecting against the neurobehavioral consequences of chronic hypoperfusion in middle-aged female rats. Behav Brain Res 2019; 377:112257. [PMID: 31553922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is characterized by a reduction in cerebral blood flow. Permanent ligation of the common carotid arteries (2VO) in the rat mimics the chronic decrease in CBF that characterizes aMCI. The current study determined if melatonin (a pineal hormone with neuroprotective properties) can attenuate the neurobehavioral consequences of 2VO using middle-aged female rats. Two weeks following 2VO or sham surgery, rats were tested on various learning and memory tasks. 2VO resulted in hyperlocomotion on the open field. Melatonin attenuated this 2VO-induced hyperactivity. 2VO impaired visual memory however this was not attenuated by melatonin administration. Neither 2VO nor melatonin affected spatial memory performance on the MWM or spatial recognition task. Y-maze testing revealed 2VO rats exhibited a lower spontaneous alternation pattern and performed a greater number of alternate arm returns compared to 2VO rats treated with melatonin. 2VO resulted in a significant loss of CA1 hippocampal neurons which was attenuated with melatonin treatment. Chronic melatonin was found to attenuate the neuronal consequences of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion but only conferred partial behavioral protection in middle-aged female rats. Our results demonstrate that inclusion of older rodents is important in neuroprotection studies as neuroprotective agents may act differently in an aged brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine De Butte
- Department of Psychology, Sociology, and Social Work, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX, USA.
| | - Blake Gieseking
- Department of Psychology, Sociology, and Social Work, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX, USA
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Platycodigenin as Potential Drug Candidate for Alzheimer's Disease via Modulating Microglial Polarization and Neurite Regeneration. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183207. [PMID: 31487775 PMCID: PMC6767002 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammatory microenvironment, regulating neurite regrowth and neuronal survival, plays a critical role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). During neuroinflammation, microglia are activated, inducing the release of inflammatory or anti-inflammatory factors depending on their polarization into classical M1 microglia or alternative M2 phenotype. Therefore, optimizing brain microenvironment by small molecule-targeted microglia polarization and promoting neurite regeneration might be a potential therapeutic strategy for AD. In this study, we found platycodigenin, a naturally occurring triterpenoid, promoted M2 polarization and inhibited M1 polarization in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 and primary microglia. Platycodigenin downregulated pro-inflammatory molecules such as interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6 and nitric oxide (NO), while upregulated anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Further investigation confirmed that platycodigenin inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox2) positive M1 but increased Ym1/2 positive M2 microglial polarization in primary microglia. In addition, platycodigenin significantly decreased LPS-induced the hyperphosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 subunits. Furthermore, the inactivation of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) induced by LPS was completely ameliorated by platycodigenin. Platycodigenin also promoted neurite regeneration and neuronal survival after Aβ treatment in primary cortical neurons. Taken together, our study for the first time clarified that platycodigenin effectively ameliorated LPS-induced inflammation and Aβ-induced neurite atrophy and neuronal death.
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Van Skike CE, Goodlett C, Matthews DB. Acute alcohol and cognition: Remembering what it causes us to forget. Alcohol 2019; 79:105-125. [PMID: 30981807 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Addiction has been conceptualized as a specific form of memory that appropriates typically adaptive neural mechanisms of learning to produce the progressive spiral of drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior, perpetuating the path to addiction through aberrant processes of drug-related learning and memory. From that perspective, to understand the development of alcohol use disorders, it is critical to identify how a single exposure to alcohol enters into or alters the processes of learning and memory, so that involvement of and changes in neuroplasticity processes responsible for learning and memory can be identified early. This review characterizes the effects produced by acute alcohol intoxication as a function of brain region and memory neurocircuitry. In general, exposure to ethanol doses that produce intoxicating effects causes consistent impairments in learning and memory processes mediated by specific brain circuitry, whereas lower doses either have no effect or produce a facilitation of memory under certain task conditions. Therefore, acute ethanol does not produce a global impairment of learning and memory, and can actually facilitate particular types of memory, perhaps particular types of memory that facilitate the development of excessive alcohol use. In addition, the effects on cognition are dependent on brain region, task demands, dose received, pharmacokinetics, and tolerance. Additionally, we explore the underlying alterations in neurophysiology produced by acute alcohol exposure that help to explain these changes in cognition and highlight future directions for research. Through understanding the impact that acute alcohol intoxication has on cognition, the preliminary changes potentially causing a problematic addiction memory can better be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice E Van Skike
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology and The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78245, United States
| | - Charles Goodlett
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States
| | - Douglas B Matthews
- Division of Psychology, University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI, 54702, United States.
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Mouro FM, Köfalvi A, André LA, Baqi Y, Müller CE, Ribeiro JA, Sebastião AM. Memory deficits induced by chronic cannabinoid exposure are prevented by adenosine A2AR receptor antagonism. Neuropharmacology 2019; 155:10-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Flores-Burgess A, Millón C, Gago B, García-Durán L, Cantero-García N, Coveñas R, Narváez JA, Fuxe K, Santín L, Díaz-Cabiale Z. Galanin (1–15)-fluoxetine interaction in the novel object recognition test. Involvement of 5-HT1A receptors in the prefrontal cortex of the rats. Neuropharmacology 2019; 155:104-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Leo A, Citraro R, Tallarico M, Iannone M, Fedosova E, Nesci V, De Sarro G, Sarkisova K, Russo E. Cognitive impairment in the WAG/Rij rat absence model is secondary to absence seizures and depressive-like behavior. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 94:109652. [PMID: 31095993 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric comorbidities are common in patients with epilepsy, remaining still an urgent unmet clinical need. Therefore, the management of epileptic disorders should not only be restricted to the achievement of seizure-freedom but must also be able to counteract its related comorbidities. Experimental animal models of epilepsy represent a valid tool not only to study epilepsy but also its associated comorbidities. The WAG/Rij rat is a well-established genetically-based model of absence epilepsy with depressive-like comorbidity, in which learning and memory impairment was also recently reported. Aim of this study was to clarify whether this cognitive decline is secondary or not to absence seizures and/or depressive-like behavior. The behavioral performance of untreated and ethosuximide-treated (300 mg/kg/day; 17 days) WAG/Rij rats at 6 and 12 months of age were assessed in several tests: forced swimming test, objects recognition test, social recognition test, Morris water maze and passive avoidance. According to our results, it seems that cognitive impairment in this strain, similarly to depressive-like behavior, is secondary to the occurrence of absence seizures, which might be necessary for the expression of cognitive impairment. Furthermore, our results suggest an age-dependent impairment of cognitive performance in WAG/Rij rats, which could be linked to the age-dependent increase of spike wave discharges. Consistently, it is possible that absence seizures, depressive-like behavior and cognitive deficit may arise independently and separately in lifetime from the same underlying network disease, as previously suggested for the behavioral features associated with other epileptic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Leo
- University of Catanzaro, School of Medicine, Science of Health Dept., Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rita Citraro
- University of Catanzaro, School of Medicine, Science of Health Dept., Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Martina Tallarico
- University of Catanzaro, School of Medicine, Science of Health Dept., Catanzaro, Italy; CNR, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Pharmacology Section, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Iannone
- CNR, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Pharmacology Section, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ekaterina Fedosova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentina Nesci
- University of Catanzaro, School of Medicine, Science of Health Dept., Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Karine Sarkisova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Emilio Russo
- University of Catanzaro, School of Medicine, Science of Health Dept., Catanzaro, Italy
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Acharya MM, Baulch JE, Klein PM, Baddour AAD, Apodaca LA, Kramár EA, Alikhani L, Garcia C, Angulo MC, Batra RS, Fallgren CM, Borak TB, Stark CEL, Wood MA, Britten RA, Soltesz I, Limoli CL. New Concerns for Neurocognitive Function during Deep Space Exposures to Chronic, Low Dose-Rate, Neutron Radiation. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0094-19.2019. [PMID: 31383727 PMCID: PMC6709229 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0094-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As NASA prepares for a mission to Mars, concerns regarding the health risks associated with deep space radiation exposure have emerged. Until now, the impacts of such exposures have only been studied in animals after acute exposures, using dose rates ∼1.5×105 higher than those actually encountered in space. Using a new, low dose-rate neutron irradiation facility, we have uncovered that realistic, low dose-rate exposures produce serious neurocognitive complications associated with impaired neurotransmission. Chronic (6 month) low-dose (18 cGy) and dose rate (1 mGy/d) exposures of mice to a mixed field of neutrons and photons result in diminished hippocampal neuronal excitability and disrupted hippocampal and cortical long-term potentiation. Furthermore, mice displayed severe impairments in learning and memory, and the emergence of distress behaviors. Behavioral analyses showed an alarming increase in risk associated with these realistic simulations, revealing for the first time, some unexpected potential problems associated with deep space travel on all levels of neurological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munjal M Acharya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Janet E Baulch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Peter M Klein
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, California 94305
| | - Al Anoud D Baddour
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Lauren A Apodaca
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Eniko A Kramár
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Leila Alikhani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Camillo Garcia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Maria C Angulo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Raja S Batra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Christine M Fallgren
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Thomas B Borak
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Craig E L Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Marcello A Wood
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Richard A Britten
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507
| | - Ivan Soltesz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, California 94305
| | - Charles L Limoli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
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128
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Khazen T, Hatoum OA, Ferreira G, Maroun M. Acute exposure to a high-fat diet in juvenile male rats disrupts hippocampal-dependent memory and plasticity through glucocorticoids. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12270. [PMID: 31439894 PMCID: PMC6706405 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48800-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The limbic circuit is still undergoing maturation during juvenility and adolescence, explaining why environmental and metabolic challenges during these developmental periods can have specific adverse effects on cognitive functions. We have previously shown that long-term exposure (8-12 weeks) to high-fat diet (HFD) during adolescence (from weaning to adulthood), but not at adulthood, was associated with altered amygdala and hippocampal functions. Moreover, these HFD effects were normalized by treatment with glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonists. Here, we examined in male rats whether acute exposure (7-9 days) to HFD during juvenility [from postnatal day (PND) 21 to PND 28-30] or adulthood (from PND 60 to PND 67-69) is sufficient to affect hippocampal functions and whether it is also dependent on GRs activation. Juvenile HFD abolished both hippocampal synaptic plasticity, assessed through in vivo long-term potentiation (LTP) in CA1, and long-term hippocampal-dependent memory, using object location memory (OLM). No effect of HFD was observed in short-term OLM suggesting a specific effect on consolidation process. In contrast, adult HFD enhanced in vivo LTP and OLM. Systemic application of GR antagonist alleviated HFD-induced LTP and OLM impairments in juveniles. These results suggest that acute exposure to HFD during juvenility is sufficient to impair hippocampal functions in a GR-dependent manner. Interestingly, this effect depends on the developmental period studied as acute exposure to HFD at adulthood did not impair, but rather enhanced, hippocampal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tala Khazen
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Ossama A Hatoum
- Department of Surgery B- HaEmek Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion: Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Guillaume Ferreira
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR1286, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mouna Maroun
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel.
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129
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Gorgun MF, Zhuo M, Dineley KT, Englander EW. Elevated Neuroglobin Lessens Neuroinflammation and Alleviates Neurobehavioral Deficits Induced by Acute Inhalation of Combustion Smoke in the Mouse. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2170-2181. [PMID: 31420834 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02856-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute inhalation of combustion smoke produces long-term neurologic deficits in survivors. To study the mechanisms that contribute to the development of neurologic deficits and identify targets for prevention, we developed a mouse model of acute inhalation of combustion smoke, which supports longitudinal investigation of mechanisms that underlie the smoke induced inimical sequelae in the brain. Using a transgenic mouse engineered to overexpress neuroglobin, a neuroprotective oxygen-binding globin protein, we previously demonstrated that elevated neuroglobin preserves mitochondrial respiration and attenuates formation of oxidative DNA damage in the mouse brain after smoke exposure. In the current study, we show that elevated neuronal neuroglobin attenuates the persistent inflammatory changes induced by smoke exposure in the mouse brain and mitigates concordant smoke-induced long-term neurobehavioral deficits. Specifically, we found that increases in hippocampal density of GFAP and Iba-1 positive cells that are detected post-smoke in wild-type mice are absent in the neuroglobin overexpressing transgenic (Ngb-tg) mice. Similarly, the smoke induced hippocampal myelin depletion is not observed in the Ngb-tg mice. Importantly, elevated neuroglobin alleviates behavioral and memory deficits that develop after acute smoke inhalation in the wild-type mice. Taken together, our findings suggest that the protective effects exerted by neuroglobin in the brains of smoke exposed mice afford protection from long-term neurologic sequelae of acute inhalation of combustion smoke. Our transgenic mouse provides a tool for assessing the potential of elevated neuroglobin as possible strategy for management of smoke inhalation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat F Gorgun
- Department of Surgery, Medical Branch, University of Texas, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Ming Zhuo
- Department of Surgery, Medical Branch, University of Texas, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Kelly T Dineley
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Ella W Englander
- Department of Surgery, Medical Branch, University of Texas, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, TX, USA.
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130
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Santollo J, Myers KE, Rainer IL, Edwards AA. Gonadal hormones in female rats protect against dehydration-induced memory impairments in the novel object recognition paradigm. Horm Behav 2019; 114:104547. [PMID: 31228420 PMCID: PMC6732238 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dehydration impairs cognitive performance in humans and rodents, although studies in animal models are limited. Estrogens have both protective effects on fluid regulation and improve performance in certain cognitive tasks. We, therefore, tested whether sex and gonadal hormones influence object recognition memory during dehydration. Because past studies used fluid deprivation to induce dehydration, which is a mixture of intracellular and extracellular fluid loss, we tested the effects of osmotic (loss of intracellular fluid) and hypovolemic (loss of extracellular fluid) dehydration on object recognition memory. After training trials consisting of exposure to two identical objects, rats were either treated with hypertonic saline to induce osmotic dehydration, furosemide to induce hypovolemic dehydration, or received a control injection and then object recognition memory was tested by presenting the original and a novel object. After osmotic dehydration, regardless of group or treatment, all rats spent significantly more time investigating the novel object. After hypovolemic dehydration, regardless of treatment, both the males and estrous females spent significantly more time investigating the novel object. While the control-treated diestrous females also spent significantly more time investigating the novel object, the furosemide-treated diestrous females spent a similar amount of time investigating the novel and original object. Follow up studies determined that loss of ovarian hormones after ovariectomy, but not loss of testicular hormones after castration, resulted in impaired memory performance in the object recognition test after hypovolemic dehydration. This series of experiments provides evidence for a protective role of ovarian hormones on dehydration-induced memory impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Santollo
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, United States.
| | - Katherine E Myers
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, United States
| | - Ivanka L Rainer
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, United States
| | - Andrea A Edwards
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, United States
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131
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Chiquita S, Ribeiro M, Castelhano J, Oliveira F, Sereno J, Batista M, Abrunhosa A, Rodrigues-Neves AC, Carecho R, Baptista F, Gomes C, Moreira PI, Ambrósio AF, Castelo-Branco M. A longitudinal multimodal in vivo molecular imaging study of the 3xTg-AD mouse model shows progressive early hippocampal and taurine loss. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:2174-2188. [PMID: 30816415 PMCID: PMC6586150 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The understanding of the natural history of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and temporal trajectories of in vivo molecular mechanisms requires longitudinal approaches. A behavioral and multimodal imaging study was performed at 4/8/12 and 16 months of age in a triple transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD). Behavioral assessment included the open field and novel object recognition tests. Molecular characterization evaluated hippocampal levels of amyloid β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) included assessment of hippocampal structural integrity, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and neurospectroscopy to determine levels of the endogenous neuroprotector taurine. Longitudinal brain amyloid accumulation was assessed using 11C Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography (PET), and neuroinflammation/microglia activation was investigated using 11C-PK1195. We found altered locomotor activity at months 4/8 and 16 months and recognition memory impairment at all time points. Substantial early reduction of hippocampal volume started at month 4 and progressed over 8/12 and 16 months. Hippocampal taurine levels were significantly decreased in the hippocampus at months 4/8 and 16. No differences were found for amyloid and neuroinflammation with PET, and BBB was disrupted only at month 16. In summary, 3xTg-AD mice showed exploratory and recognition memory impairments, early hippocampal structural loss, increased Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau and decreased levels of taurine. In sum, the 3xTg-AD animal model mimics pathological and neurobehavioral features of AD, with early-onset recognition memory loss and MRI-documented hippocampal damage. The early-onset profile suggests temporal windows and opportunities for therapeutic intervention, targeting endogenous neuroprotectors such as taurine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Chiquita
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mário Ribeiro
- CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Castelhano
- CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Oliveira
- CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Sereno
- CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marta Batista
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Antero Abrunhosa
- CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana C Rodrigues-Neves
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rafael Carecho
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Filipa Baptista
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina Gomes
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula I Moreira
- CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António F Ambrósio
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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132
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Genzel L, Schut E, Schröder T, Eichler R, Khamassi M, Gomez A, Navarro Lobato I, Battaglia F. The object space task shows cumulative memory expression in both mice and rats. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000322. [PMID: 31206519 PMCID: PMC6597117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Declarative memory encompasses representations of specific events as well as knowledge extracted by accumulation over multiple episodes. To investigate how these different sorts of memories are created, we developed a new behavioral task in rodents. The task consists of 3 distinct conditions (stable, overlapping, and random). Rodents are exposed to multiple sample trials, in which they explore objects in specific spatial arrangements, with object identity changing from trial to trial. In the stable condition, the locations are constant during all sample trials even though the objects themselves change; in the test trial, 1 object’s location is changed. In the random condition, object locations are presented in the sample phase without a specific spatial pattern. In the overlapping condition, 1 location is shared (overlapping) between all trials, while the other location changes during sample trials. We show that in the overlapping condition, instead of only remembering the last sample trial, rodents form a cumulative memory of the sample trials. Here, we could show that both mice and rats can accumulate information across multiple trials and express a long-term abstracted memory. Memories are stored and retrieved in different ways, depending on the age of memory and the character of the information, but many tasks for rodent subjects cannot differentiate between them. A new training paradigm for rats and mice enables testing for abstracted memory representation while controlling for memory recency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Genzel
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- RadboudUMC, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Evelien Schut
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- RadboudUMC, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tim Schröder
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ronny Eichler
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- RadboudUMC, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mehdi Khamassi
- Institute of Intelligent Systems and Robotics, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Angela Gomez
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Irene Navarro Lobato
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Francesco Battaglia
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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133
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Shin W, Kweon H, Kang R, Kim D, Kim K, Kang M, Kim SY, Hwang SN, Kim JY, Yang E, Kim H, Kim E. Scn2a Haploinsufficiency in Mice Suppresses Hippocampal Neuronal Excitability, Excitatory Synaptic Drive, and Long-Term Potentiation, and Spatial Learning and Memory. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:145. [PMID: 31249508 PMCID: PMC6582764 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Nav1.2, a voltage-gated sodium channel subunit encoded by the Scn2a gene, has been implicated in various brain disorders, including epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, and schizophrenia. Nav1.2 is known to regulate the generation of action potentials in the axon initial segment and their propagation along axonal pathways. Nav1.2 also regulates synaptic integration and plasticity by promoting back-propagation of action potentials to dendrites, but whether Nav1.2 deletion in mice affects neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity, and/or disease-related animal behaviors remains largely unclear. Here, we report that mice heterozygous for the Scn2a gene (Scn2a+/- mice) show decreased neuronal excitability and suppressed excitatory synaptic transmission in the presence of network activity in the hippocampus. In addition, Scn2a+/- mice show suppressed hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) in association with impaired spatial learning and memory, but show largely normal locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, social interaction, repetitive behavior, and whole-brain excitation. These results suggest that Nav1.2 regulates hippocampal neuronal excitability, excitatory synaptic drive, LTP, and spatial learning and memory in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangyong Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hanseul Kweon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ryeonghwa Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Doyoun Kim
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kyungdeok Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Muwon Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seo Yeong Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sun Nam Hwang
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jin Yong Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21, Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Esther Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21, Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21, Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea.,Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea
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134
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New procognitive enhancers acting at the histamine H3 and AMPA receptors reverse natural forgetting in mice: comparisons with donepezil and memantine in the object recognition task. Behav Pharmacol 2019; 30:351-357. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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135
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Marechal D, Brault V, Leon A, Martin D, Lopes Pereira P, Loaëc N, Birling MC, Friocourt G, Blondel M, Herault Y. Cbs overdosage is necessary and sufficient to induce cognitive phenotypes in mouse models of Down syndrome and interacts genetically with Dyrk1a. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:1561-1577. [PMID: 30649339 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying dosage-sensitive genes is a key to understand the mechanisms underlying intellectual disability in Down syndrome (DS). The Dp(17Abcg1-Cbs)1Yah DS mouse model (Dp1Yah) shows cognitive phenotypes that need to be investigated to identify the main genetic driver. Here, we report that three copies of the cystathionine-beta-synthase gene (Cbs) in the Dp1Yah mice are necessary to observe a deficit in the novel object recognition (NOR) paradigm. Moreover, the overexpression of Cbs alone is sufficient to induce deficits in the NOR test. Accordingly, overexpressing human CBS specifically in Camk2a-expressing neurons leads to impaired objects discrimination. Altogether, this shows that Cbs overdosage is involved in DS learning and memory phenotypes. To go further, we identified compounds that interfere with the phenotypical consequence of CBS overdosage in yeast. Pharmacological intervention in Tg(CBS) mice with one selected compound restored memory in the NOR test. In addition, using a genetic approach, we demonstrated an epistatic interaction between Cbs and Dyrk1a, another human chromosome 21-located gene (which encodes the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1a) and an already known target for DS therapeutic intervention. Further analysis using proteomic approaches highlighted several molecular pathways, including synaptic transmission, cell projection morphogenesis and actin cytoskeleton, that are affected by DYRK1A and CBS overexpression. Overall, we demonstrated that CBS overdosage underpins the DS-related recognition memory deficit and that both CBS and DYRK1A interact to control accurate memory processes in DS. In addition, our study establishes CBS as an intervention point for treating intellectual deficiencies linked to DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Marechal
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Véronique Brault
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Alice Leon
- Inserm UMR 1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne, CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest, France
| | - Dehren Martin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Patricia Lopes Pereira
- Transgenese et Archivage Animaux Modèles, TAAM, CNRS, 3B Rue de la Férollerie Orléans, France
| | - Nadege Loaëc
- Inserm UMR 1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne, CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest, France
| | | | - Gaelle Friocourt
- Inserm UMR 1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne, CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest, France
| | - Marc Blondel
- Inserm UMR 1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne, CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest, France
| | - Yann Herault
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, ICS, Illkirch, France
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136
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Murueta-Goyena A, Morera-Herreras T, Miguelez C, Gutiérrez-Ceballos A, Ugedo L, Lafuente JV, Bengoetxea H. Effects of adult enriched environment on cognition, hippocampal-prefrontal plasticity and NMDAR subunit expression in MK-801-induced schizophrenia model. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 29:590-600. [PMID: 30926324 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by psychosis, negative symptoms and cognitive impairment. Cognitive deficits are enduring and represent the most disabling symptom but are currently poorly treated. N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction hypothesis has been notably successful in explaining the pathophysiological findings and symptomatology of schizophrenia. Thereby, NMDAR blockade in rodents represents a useful tool to identify new therapeutic approaches. In this regard, enriched environment (EE) could play an essential role. Using a multilevel approach of behavior, electrophysiology and protein analysis, we showed that a short-term exposure to EE in adulthood ameliorated spatial learning and object-place associative memory impairment observed in postnatally MK-801-treated Long Evans rats. Moreover, EE in adult life restored long-term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampal-medial prefrontal pathway abolished by MK-801 treatment. EE in adulthood also induced a set of modifications in the expression of proteins related to glutamatergic neurotransmission. Taken together, these findings shed new light on the neurobiological effects of EE to reverse the actions of MK-801 and offer a preclinical testing of a therapeutic strategy that may be remarkably effective for managing cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Murueta-Goyena
- Deparment of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Neurodegenerative Diseases group, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.
| | - Teresa Morera-Herreras
- Deparment of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Neurodegenerative Diseases group, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Cristina Miguelez
- Deparment of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Neurodegenerative Diseases group, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | - Luisa Ugedo
- Deparment of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Neurodegenerative Diseases group, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- Deparment of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Nanoneurosurgery Group, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain; Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Harkaitz Bengoetxea
- Deparment of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain
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Temporary inactivation of the medial prefrontal cortex impairs the formation, but not the retrieval of social odor recognition memory in rats. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 161:115-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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138
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Watremez W, Jackson J, Almari B, McLean SL, Grayson B, Neill JC, Fischer N, Allouche A, Koziel V, Pillot T, Harte MK. Stabilized Low-n Amyloid-β Oligomers Induce Robust Novel Object Recognition Deficits Associated with Inflammatory, Synaptic, and GABAergic Dysfunction in the Rat. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:213-226. [PMID: 29439327 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With current treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) only providing temporary symptomatic benefits, disease modifying drugs are urgently required. This approach relies on improved understanding of the early pathophysiology of AD. A new hypothesis has emerged, in which early memory loss is considered a synapse failure caused by soluble amyloid-β oligomers (Aβo). These small soluble Aβo, which precede the formation of larger fibrillar assemblies, may be the main cause of early AD pathologies. OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of acute administration of stabilized low-n amyloid-β1-42 oligomers (Aβo1-42) on cognitive, inflammatory, synaptic, and neuronal markers in the rat. METHODS Female and male Lister Hooded rats received acute intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of either vehicle or 5 nmol of Aβo1-42 (10μL). Cognition was assessed in the novel object recognition (NOR) paradigm at different time points. Levels of inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), synaptic (PSD-95, SNAP-25), and neuronal (n-acetylaspartate, parvalbumin-positive cells) markers were investigated in different brain regions (prefrontal and frontal cortex, striatum, dorsal and ventral hippocampus). RESULTS Acute ICV administration of Aβo1-42 induced robust and enduring NOR deficits. These deficits were reversed by acute administration of donepezil and rolipram but not risperidone. Postmortem analysis revealed an increase in inflammatory markers, a decrease in synaptic markers and parvalbumin containing interneurons in the frontal cortex, with no evidence of widespread neuronal loss. CONCLUSION Taken together the results suggest that acute administration of soluble low-n Aβo may be a useful model to study the early mechanisms involved in AD and provide us with a platform for testing novel therapeutic approaches that target the early underlying synaptic pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Watremez
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Joshua Jackson
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Bushra Almari
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Samantha L McLean
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Ben Grayson
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Joanna C Neill
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nicolas Fischer
- SynAging, Institut Polytechnique National de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Ahmad Allouche
- SynAging, Institut Polytechnique National de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Violette Koziel
- SynAging, Institut Polytechnique National de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Thierry Pillot
- SynAging, Institut Polytechnique National de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Michael K Harte
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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139
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Cognitive and anxiety-like impairments accompanied by serotonergic ultrastructural and immunohistochemical alterations in early stages of parkinsonism. Brain Res Bull 2019; 146:213-223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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140
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Selective Activation of Cholecystokinin-Expressing GABA (CCK-GABA) Neurons Enhances Memory and Cognition. eNeuro 2019; 6:eN-NWR-0360-18. [PMID: 30834305 PMCID: PMC6397954 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0360-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholecystokinin-expressing GABAergic (CCK-GABA) neurons are perisomatic inhibitory cells that have been argued to regulate emotion and sculpt the network oscillations associated with cognition. However, no study has selectively manipulated CCK-GABA neuron activity during behavior in freely-moving animals. To explore the behavioral effects of activating CCK-GABA neurons on emotion and cognition, we utilized a novel intersectional genetic mouse model coupled with a chemogenetic approach. Specifically, we generated triple transgenic CCK-Cre;Dlx5/6-Flpe;RC::FL-hM3Dq (CCK-GABA/hM3Dq) mice that expressed the synthetic excitatory hM3Dq receptor in CCK-GABA neurons. Results showed that clozapine-N-oxide (CNO)-mediated activation of CCK-GABA neurons did not alter open field (OF) or tail suspension (TS) performance and only slightly increased anxiety in the elevated plus maze (EPM). Although CNO treatment had only modestly affected emotional behavior, it significantly enhanced multiple cognitive and memory behaviors including social recognition, contextual fear conditioning, contextual discrimination, object recognition, and problem-solving in the puzzle box. Collectively, these findings suggest that systemic activation of CCK-GABA neurons minimally affects emotion but significantly enhances cognition and memory. Our results imply that CCK-GABA neurons are more functionally diverse than originally expected and could serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cognitive/memory disorders.
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141
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Navarro-Romero A, Vázquez-Oliver A, Gomis-González M, Garzón-Montesinos C, Falcón-Moya R, Pastor A, Martín-García E, Pizarro N, Busquets-Garcia A, Revest JM, Piazza PV, Bosch F, Dierssen M, de la Torre R, Rodríguez-Moreno A, Maldonado R, Ozaita A. Cannabinoid type-1 receptor blockade restores neurological phenotypes in two models for Down syndrome. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 125:92-106. [PMID: 30685352 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability is the most limiting hallmark of Down syndrome, for which there is no gold-standard clinical treatment yet. The endocannabinoid system is a widespread neuromodulatory system involved in multiple functions including learning and memory processes. Alterations of this system contribute to the pathogenesis of several neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the pathogenesis of Down syndrome has not been explored before. We used the best-characterized preclinical model of Down syndrome, the segmentally trisomic Ts65Dn model. In male Ts65Dn mice, cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB1R) expression was enhanced and its function increased in hippocampal excitatory terminals. Knockdown of CB1R in the hippocampus of male Ts65Dn mice restored hippocampal-dependent memory. Concomitant with this result, pharmacological inhibition of CB1R restored memory deficits, hippocampal synaptic plasticity and adult neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. Notably, the blockade of CB1R also normalized hippocampal-dependent memory in female Ts65Dn mice. To further investigate the mechanisms involved, we used a second transgenic mouse model overexpressing a single gene candidate for Down syndrome cognitive phenotypes, the dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A). CB1R pharmacological blockade similarly improved cognitive performance, synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis in transgenic male Dyrk1A mice. Our results identify CB1R as a novel druggable target potentially relevant for the improvement of cognitive deficits associated with Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Navarro-Romero
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-NeuroPhar, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Vázquez-Oliver
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-NeuroPhar, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Gomis-González
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-NeuroPhar, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Garzón-Montesinos
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuroscience and Plasticity, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Pablo de Olavide, Ctra Utrera km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Rafael Falcón-Moya
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuroscience and Plasticity, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Pablo de Olavide, Ctra Utrera km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Antoni Pastor
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Martín-García
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-NeuroPhar, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nieves Pizarro
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnau Busquets-Garcia
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-NeuroPhar, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean-Michel Revest
- INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathology and Therapeutic Approaches of Stress-Related Diseases, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Pier-Vincenzo Piazza
- INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathology and Therapeutic Approaches of Stress-Related Diseases, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Fátima Bosch
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; CIBER Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 08017 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Cellular & Systems Neurobiology, Systems Biology Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Rare Disorders (CIBERER), Spain; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Moreno
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuroscience and Plasticity, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Pablo de Olavide, Ctra Utrera km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Rafael Maldonado
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-NeuroPhar, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Ozaita
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-NeuroPhar, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
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142
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Transient Knock-Down of Prefrontal DISC1 in Immune-Challenged Mice Causes Abnormal Long-Range Coupling and Cognitive Dysfunction throughout Development. J Neurosci 2019; 39:1222-1235. [PMID: 30617212 PMCID: PMC6381232 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2170-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Compromised brain development has been hypothesized to account for mental illness. This concept was underpinned by the function of the molecule disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1), which represents an intracellular hub of developmental processes and has been related to cognitive dysfunction in psychiatric disorders. Mice with whole-brain DISC1 knock-down show impaired prefrontal–hippocampal function and cognitive abilities throughout development and at adulthood, especially when combined with early environmental stressors, such as maternal immune activation (MIA). However, the contribution of abnormal DISC1-driven maturation of either prefrontal cortex (PFC) or hippocampus (HP) to these deficits is still unknown. Here, we use in utero electroporation to restrict the DISC1 knock-down to prefrontal layer II/III pyramidal neurons during perinatal development and expose these mice to MIA as an environmental stressor (dual-hit GPFCE mice, both sexes). Combining in vivo electrophysiology and neuroanatomy with behavioral testing, we show that GPFCE mice at neonatal age have abnormal patterns of oscillatory activity and firing in PFC, but not HP. Abnormal firing rates in PFC of GPFCE mice relate to sparser dendritic arborization and lower spine density. Moreover, the long-range coupling within prefrontal–hippocampal networks is decreased at this age. The transient prefrontal DISC1 knock-down was sufficient to permanently perturb the prefrontal–hippocampal communication and caused poorer recognition memory performance at pre-juvenile age. Thus, developmental dysfunction of prefrontal circuitry causes long-lasting disturbances related to mental illness. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Hypofrontality is considered a main cause of cognitive deficits in mental disorders, yet the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. During development, long before the emergence of disease symptoms, the functional coupling within the prefrontal–hippocampal network, which is the core brain circuit involved in cognitive processing, is reduced. To assess to which extent impaired prefrontal development contributes to the early dysfunction, immune-challenged mice with transient DISC1 knock-down confined to PFC were investigated in their prefrontal–hippocampal communication throughout development by in vivo electrophysiology and behavioral testing. We show that perturbing developmental processes of prefrontal layer II/III pyramidal neurons is sufficient to diminish prefrontal–hippocampal coupling and decrease the cognitive performance throughout development.
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143
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Klambatsen A, Nygard SK, Chang AJ, Quinones V, Jenab S. Sex differences in memory and intracellular signaling after methamphetamine binge treatment. Brain Res 2019; 1711:16-22. [PMID: 30629943 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine is a neurotoxic psychostimulant known to cause cell death and terminal degradation of dopaminergic neurons in the striatum concomitant with memory deficits. However, most of the research studies have not examined the influence of sex on these changes. In this study we compared the effects of a binge regimen of methamphetamine (four injections of 4 mg/kg) on male, female, and ovariectomized (OVX) female Sprague-Dawley rats. We show that male and OVX female animals had a deficit in a novel object recognition task, while intact females did not show this deficit. Neurochemical analysis of the same animals indicated higher levels of FosB protein in caudate-putamen (CPu) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) of the male animals than intact or OVX females. Methamphetamine also increased Bcl-2 protein levels in CPu of all the cohorts. We did not find a significant effect of methamphetamine on the dopamine neuron markers tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or dopamine transporter (DAT) 7 days after methamphetamine administrations. Our behavioral and neurochemical studies indicate that methamphetamine differentially affects male and female animals and shows sex differences in memory and molecular mechanisms in the striatum of these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Klambatsen
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, CUNY, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Subprogram, Graduate School and University Center, CUNY, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Stephanie K Nygard
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, CUNY, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Subprogram, Graduate School and University Center, CUNY, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Anna J Chang
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, CUNY, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, Room 809, New York, NY 10003, USA.
| | - Vanya Quinones
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, CUNY, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Subprogram, Graduate School and University Center, CUNY, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Shirzad Jenab
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, CUNY, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Subprogram, Graduate School and University Center, CUNY, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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144
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Hámor PU, Šírová J, Páleníček T, Zaniewska M, Bubeníková-Valešová V, Schwendt M. Chronic methamphetamine self-administration dysregulates 5-HT2A and mGlu2 receptor expression in the rat prefrontal and perirhinal cortex: Comparison to chronic phencyclidine and MK-801. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2018; 175:89-100. [PMID: 30240581 PMCID: PMC6756482 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic methamphetamine (meth) abuse often turns into a compulsive drug-taking disorder accompanied by persistent cognitive deficits and re-occurring psychosis. Possible common neurobiological substrates underlying meth-induced deficits and schizophrenia remain poorly understood. Serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) and metabotropic glutamate 2 (mGlu2) receptors co-regulate psychosis-like behaviors and cognitive function in animals. Therefore, in the present study we examined the effects of chronic exposure to three different drugs known to produce persistent deficits in sensorimotor gating and cognition [meth, phencyclidine (PCP) and MK-801] on the expression of 5-HT2A and mGlu2 within the rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) and perirhinal cortex (PRh). Adult male rats underwent 14 days of: (a) meth self-administration (6 h/day), (b) phencyclidine (PCP; 5 mg/kg, twice/day) administration, or (c) MK-801 (0.3 mg/kg, twice/day) administration. Seven days after the discontinuation of drug administration, tissues of interest were collected for protein expression analysis. We found that despite different pharmacological mechanism of action, chronic meth, PCP, and MK-801 similarly dysregulated 5-HT2A and mGlu2, as indicated by an increase in the 5-HT2A/mGlu2 expression ratio in the mPFC (all three tested drugs), PRh (meth and PCP), and dHPC (MK-801 only). Complementary changes in G-protein expression (increase in Gαq and decrease in Gαi) were also observed in the mPFC of meth animals. Finally, we found that 5-HT2A/mGlu2 cooperation can be mediated in part by the formation of the receptor heteromer in some, but not all cortical regions. In summary, these data suggest that a shift towards increased availability (and G-protein coupling) of cortical 5-HT2A vs. mGlu2 receptors may represent a common neurobiological mechanism underlying the emergence of psychosis and cognitive deficits observed in subjects with meth use disorder and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter U Hámor
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Center for Addiction Research and Education (CARE) at University of Florida, USA
| | - Jana Šírová
- National Institute of Mental Health, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Páleníček
- National Institute of Mental Health, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Zaniewska
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Biostructure, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, PL 31343, Poland; Molecular Biology of Peptide Hormones, Department of Cardiovascular Research, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Marek Schwendt
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Center for Addiction Research and Education (CARE) at University of Florida, USA.
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145
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Hu X, Urhie O, Chang K, Hostetler R, Agmon A. A Novel Method for Training Mice in Visuo-Tactile 3-D Object Discrimination and Recognition. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:274. [PMID: 30555307 PMCID: PMC6282041 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Perceiving, recognizing and remembering 3-dimensional (3-D) objects encountered in the environment has a very high survival value; unsurprisingly, this ability is shared among many animal species, including humans. The psychological, psychophysical and neural basis for object perception, discrimination, recognition and memory has been extensively studied in humans, monkeys, pigeons and rodents, but is still far from understood. Nearly all 3-D object recognition studies in the rodent used the "novel object recognition" paradigm, which relies on innate rather than learned behavior; however, this procedure has several important limitations. Recently, investigators have begun to recognize the power of behavioral tasks learned through reinforcement training (operant conditioning) to reveal the sensorimotor and cognitive abilities of mice and to elucidate their underlying neural mechanisms. Here, we describe a novel method for training and testing mice in visual and tactile object discrimination, recognition and memory, and use it to begin to examine the underlying sensory basis for these cognitive capacities. A custom-designed Y maze was used to train mice to associate one of two 3-D objects with a food reward. Out of nine mice trained in two cohorts, seven reached performance criterion in about 20-35 daily sessions of 20 trials each. The learned association was retained, or rapidly re-acquired, after a 6 weeks hiatus in training. When tested under low light conditions, individual animals differed in the degree to which they used tactile or visual cues to identify the objects. Switching to total darkness resulted only in a transient dip in performance, as did subsequent trimming of all large whiskers (macrovibrissae). Additional removal of the small whiskers (microvibrissae) did not degrade performance, but transiently increased the time spent inspecting the object. This novel method can be combined in future studies with the large arsenal of genetic tools available in the mouse, to elucidate the neural basis of object perception, recognition and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Hu
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Ogaga Urhie
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Kevin Chang
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Rachel Hostetler
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Ariel Agmon
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
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146
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Chemogenetic inactivation of the dorsal hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex, individually and concurrently, impairs object recognition and spatial memory consolidation in female mice. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 156:103-116. [PMID: 30408525 PMCID: PMC7310386 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The dorsal hippocampus (DH) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are brain regions essential for processing and storing episodic memory. In rodents, the DH has a well-established role in supporting the consolidation of episodic-like memory in tasks such as object recognition and object placement. However, the role of the mPFC in the consolidation of episodic-like memory tasks remains controversial. Therefore, the present study examined involvement of the DH and mPFC, alone and in combination, in object and spatial recognition memory consolidation in ovariectomized female mice. To this end, we utilized two types of inhibitory Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) to inactivate the DH alone, the mPFC alone, or both brain regions concurrently immediately after object training to assess the role of each region in the consolidation of object recognition and spatial memories. Our results using single and multiplexed DREADDS suggest that excitatory activity in the DH and mPFC, alone or in combination, is required for the successful consolidation of object recognition and spatial memories. Together, these studies provide critical insight into how the DH and mPFC work in concert to facilitate memory consolidation in female mice.
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147
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Liu J, Gu X, Zou R, Nan W, Yang S, Wang HL, Chen XT. Phytohormone Abscisic Acid Improves Spatial Memory and Synaptogenesis Involving NDR1/2 Kinase in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1141. [PMID: 30356880 PMCID: PMC6190901 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone involved in plant growth, development and environmental stress response. Recent study showed ABA can also be detected in other organisms, including mammals. And it has been reported that ABA can improve learning and memory in rats. In this study, we attempted to investigate the effects of ABA on the alternation of dendritic spine morphology of pyramidal neurons in developmental rats, which may underlie the learning and memory function. Behavior tests showed that ABA significantly improved spatial memory performance. Meanwhile, Golgi-Cox staining assay showed that ABA significantly increased the spine density and the percentage of mushroom-like spines in pyramidal neurons of hippocampus, indicating that ABA increased dendritic spine formation and maturation, which may contribute to the improvement of spatial memory. Furthermore, ABA administration increased the protein expression of NDR1/2 kinase, as well as mRNA levels of NDR2 and its substrate Rabin8. In addition, NDR1/2 shRNA prohibited the ABA-induced increases in the expression of NDR1/2 and spine density. Together, our study indicated that ABA could improve learning and memory in rats and the effect are possibly through the regulation of synaptogenesis, which is mediated via NDR1/2 kinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaozhen Gu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Rongxin Zou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Wenping Nan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shaohua Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui-Li Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xiang-Tao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Baumgartner P, El Amki M, Bracko O, Luft AR, Wegener S. Sensorimotor stroke alters hippocampo-thalamic network activity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15770. [PMID: 30361495 PMCID: PMC6202365 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many stroke survivors experience persisting episodic memory disturbances. Since hippocampal and para-hippocampal areas are usually spared from the infarcted area, alterations of memory processing networks remote from the ischemic brain region might be responsible for the observed clinical symptoms. To pinpoint changes in activity of hippocampal connections and their role in post-stroke cognitive impairment, we induced ischemic stroke by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) in adult rats and analyzed the functional and structural consequences using activity-dependent manganese (Mn2+) enhanced MRI (MEMRI) along with behavioral and histopathological analysis. MCAO caused stroke lesions of variable extent along with sensorimotor and cognitive deficits. Direct hippocampal injury occurred in some rats, but was no prerequisite for cognitive impairment. In healthy rats, injection of Mn2+ into the entorhinal cortex resulted in distribution of the tracer within the hippocampal subfields into the lateral septal nuclei. In MCAO rats, Mn2+ accumulated in the ipsilateral thalamus. Histopathological analysis revealed secondary thalamic degeneration 28 days after stroke. Our findings provide in vivo evidence that remote sensorimotor stroke modifies the activity of hippocampal-thalamic networks. In addition to potentially reversible alterations in signaling of these connections, structural damage of the thalamus likely reinforces dysfunction of hippocampal-thalamic circuitries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Baumgartner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland
| | - Mohamad El Amki
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Bracko
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland.,Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, United States
| | - Andreas R Luft
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Wegener
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland.
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149
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Wahul AB, Joshi PC, Kumar A, Chakravarty S. Transient global cerebral ischemia differentially affects cortex, striatum and hippocampus in Bilateral Common Carotid Arterial occlusion (BCCAo) mouse model. J Chem Neuroanat 2018; 92:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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150
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Mouro FM, Ribeiro JA, Sebastião AM, Dawson N. Chronic, intermittent treatment with a cannabinoid receptor agonist impairs recognition memory and brain network functional connectivity. J Neurochem 2018; 147:71-83. [PMID: 29989183 PMCID: PMC6220860 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating how cannabinoids affect brain function is instrumental for the development of therapeutic tools aiming to mitigate 'on target' side effects of cannabinoid-based therapies. A single treatment with the cannabinoid receptor agonist, WIN 55,212-2, disrupts recognition memory in mice. Here, we evaluate how prolonged, intermittent (30 days) exposure to WIN 55,212-2 (1 mg/kg) alters recognition memory and impacts on brain metabolism and functional connectivity. We show that chronic, intermittent treatment with WIN 55,212-2 disrupts recognition memory (Novel Object Recognition Test) without affecting locomotion and anxiety-like behaviour (Open Field and Elevated Plus Maze). Through 14 C-2-deoxyglucose functional brain imaging we show that chronic, intermittent WIN 55,212-2 exposure induces hypometabolism in the hippocampal dorsal subiculum and in the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus, two brain regions directly involved in recognition memory. In addition, WIN 55,212-2 exposure induces hypometabolism in the habenula with a contrasting hypermetabolism in the globus pallidus. Through the application of the Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) algorithm to the brain imaging data, we observed that prolonged WIN 55,212-2 administration alters functional connectivity in brain networks that underlie recognition memory, including that between the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, the thalamus and prefrontal cortex, and between the hippocampus and the perirhinal cortex. In addition, our results support disturbed lateral habenula and serotonin system functional connectivity following WIN 55,212-2 exposure. Overall, this study provides new insight into the functional mechanisms underlying the impact of chronic cannabinoid exposure on memory and highlights the serotonin system as a particularly vulnerable target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco M. Mouro
- Faculdade de MedicinaInstituto de Farmacologia e NeurociênciasUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
- Faculdade de MedicinaInstituto de Medicina MolecularUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Joaquim A. Ribeiro
- Faculdade de MedicinaInstituto de Farmacologia e NeurociênciasUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
- Faculdade de MedicinaInstituto de Medicina MolecularUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Ana M. Sebastião
- Faculdade de MedicinaInstituto de Farmacologia e NeurociênciasUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
- Faculdade de MedicinaInstituto de Medicina MolecularUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Neil Dawson
- Division of Biomedical and Life SciencesUniversity of LancasterLancashireUK
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