101
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Xu J, Xiao N, Zhou D, Xie L. Disease tolerance: a protective mechanism of lung infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1037850. [PMID: 37207185 PMCID: PMC10189053 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1037850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance and tolerance are two important strategies employed by the host immune response to defend against pathogens. Multidrug-resistant bacteria affect the resistance mechanisms involved in pathogen clearance. Disease tolerance, defined as the ability to reduce the negative impact of infection on the host, might be a new research direction for the treatment of infections. The lungs are highly susceptible to infections and thus are important for understanding host tolerance and its precise mechanisms. This review focuses on the factors that induce lung disease tolerance, cell and molecular mechanisms involved in tissue damage control, and the relationship between disease tolerance and sepsis immunoparalysis. Understanding the exact mechanism of lung disease tolerance could allow better assessment of the immune status of patients and provide new ideas for the treatment of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiao Xu
- College of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, 8th Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dongsheng Zhou, ; Lixin Xie,
| | - Lixin Xie
- College of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, 8th Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dongsheng Zhou, ; Lixin Xie,
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102
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Plasma GDF15 levels associated with circulating immune cells predict the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor treatment and prognosis in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:159-171. [PMID: 36472770 PMCID: PMC9889409 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04500-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although increased plasma growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) levels have been reported in patients with various cancers, the predictive role of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in advanced cancers remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate GDF15 levels as a predictive marker in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and analyze their association with immune cell populations. METHODS This study included 87 patients with advanced NSCLC receiving anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors between March 2018 and May 2020. Blood samples were obtained immediately before and months after PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor administration. RESULTS The objective response rate (ORR) was significantly higher in the low GDF15 than in the high GDF15 group (39.2% vs. 15.3%, P = 0.013). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was significantly longer in the low GDF15 than in the high GDF15 group (13.2 [95% CI 7.6-18.9] vs. 7.2 [95% CI 4.8-9.6] months, P = 0.048). Moreover, plasma GDF15 levels negatively correlated with PD-1+/CD8+ T cells (r = - 0.399, P = 0.003) and positively with PD-1+/Treg cells (r = 0.507, P < 0.001) and PD-1+Treg/CD4+ T cells (r = 0.439, P < 0.001). The ORR was significantly higher in the group with decreased GDF15 from baseline than in the increased GDF15 group (37.2% vs. 10.0%, P = 0.026). The median PFS was significantly longer in the decreased GDF15 group (14.8 [95% CI 10.4-19.2] vs. 5.9 [95% CI 2.8-9.0] months, P = 0.002). Plasma GDF15 levels were associated with PD-1+CD8+ T cells and PD-1+ Treg cells. CONCLUSION Plasma GDF15 could be a potential biomarker for predicting the efficacy and survival benefit of immunotherapy in advanced NSCLC.
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103
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Reyes J, Yap GS. Emerging Roles of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 in Immunoregulation and Pathogenesis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:5-11. [PMID: 36542831 PMCID: PMC9779231 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a cytokine that is widely used as a biomarker for the severity of diverse disease states. It also has been shown to play a protective role after tissue injury and to promote a negative energy balance during obesity and diabetes. In addition to its metabolic effects, GDF-15 also regulates the host's immune responses to infectious and noninfectious diseases. GDF-15 can suppress a type 1 and, in contrast, promote a type 2 inflammatory response. In this brief review, we discuss how GDF-15 affects the effector function and recruitment of immune cells, the pathways that induce its expression, and the diverse mechanisms by which it is regulated during inflammation and infection. We further highlight outstanding questions that should be the focus of future investigations in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jojo Reyes
- Department of Medicine and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07101
| | - George S. Yap
- Department of Medicine and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07101
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104
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He L, de Souto Barreto P, Sánchez Sánchez JL, Rolland Y, Guyonnet S, Parini A, Lucas A, Vellas B. Prospective Associations of Plasma Growth Differentiation Factor 15 With Physical Performance and Cognitive Functions in Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:2420-2428. [PMID: 35037034 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) has been associated with several age-related disorders, but its associations with functional abilities in community-dwelling older adults are not well studied. METHODS The study was a secondary analysis of 1 096 community-dwelling older adults (aged 69-94 years) recruited from the Multidomain Alzheimer's Preventive Trial. Plasma GDF15 was measured 1 year after participants' enrollment. Annual data of physical performance (grip strength and Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB]) and global cognitive functions (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] and a composite cognitive score) were measured for 4 years. Adjusted mixed-effects linear models were performed for cross-sectional and longitudinal association analyses. RESULTS A higher GDF15 was cross-sectionally associated with a weaker grip strength (β = -1.1E-03, 95% CI [-2.0E-03, -1.5E-04]), a lower SPPB score (β = -3.1E-04, 95% CI [-5.4E-04, -9.0E-05]), and worse cognitive functions (β = -2.4E-04, 95% CI [-3.3E-04, -1.6E-04] for composite cognitive score; β = -4.0E-04, 95% CI [-6.4E-04, -1.6E-04] for MMSE). Participants with higher GDF15 demonstrated greater longitudinal declines in SPPB (β = -1.0E-04, 95% CI [-1.7E-04, -2.0E-05]) and composite cognitive score (β = -2.0E-05, 95% CI [-4.0E-05, -3.6E-06]). The optimal initial GDF15 cutoff values for identifying participants with minimal clinically significant decline after 1 year were 2 189 pg/mL for SPPB (AUC: 0.580) and 2 330 pg/mL for composite cognitive score (AUC: 0.587). CONCLUSIONS Plasma GDF15 is cross-sectionally and longitudinally associated with lower-limb physical performance and global cognitive function in older adults. Circulating GDF15 alone has a limited capacity of discriminating older adults who will develop clinically significant functional declines. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT00672685.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao He
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Philipe de Souto Barreto
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,CERPOP, INSERM 1295, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Juan Luis Sánchez Sánchez
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Faculty of Sport Science, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yves Rolland
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,CERPOP, INSERM 1295, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Guyonnet
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,CERPOP, INSERM 1295, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Angelo Parini
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, UMR1297, Toulouse, France.,Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandre Lucas
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, UMR1297, Toulouse, France.,Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,CERPOP, INSERM 1295, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
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105
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Xie B, Murali A, Vandevender AM, Chen J, Silva AG, Bello FM, Chuan B, Bahudhanapati H, Sipula I, Dedousis N, Shah FA, O'Donnell CP, Alder JK, Jurczak MJ. Hepatocyte-derived GDF15 suppresses feeding and improves insulin sensitivity in obese mice. iScience 2022; 25:105569. [PMID: 36465107 PMCID: PMC9708916 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a stress-induced secreted protein whose circulating levels are increased in the context of obesity. Recombinant GDF15 reduces body weight and improves glycemia in obese models, which is largely attributed to the central action of GDF15 to suppress feeding and reduce body weight. Despite these advances in knowledge, the tissue-specific sites of GDF15 production during obesity are unknown, and the effects of modulating circulating GDF15 levels on insulin sensitivity have not been evaluated directly. Here, we demonstrate that hepatocyte Gdf15 expression is sufficient for changes in circulating levels of GDF15 during obesity and that restoring Gdf15 expression specifically in hepatocytes of Gdf15 knockout mice results in marked improvements in hyperinsulinemia, hepatic insulin sensitivity, and to a lesser extent peripheral insulin sensitivity. These data support that liver hepatocytes are the primary source of circulating GDF15 in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxian Xie
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anjana Murali
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amber M Vandevender
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Agustin Gil Silva
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Fiona M Bello
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Byron Chuan
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Harinath Bahudhanapati
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ian Sipula
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nikolaos Dedousis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Faraaz A Shah
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christopher P O'Donnell
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan K Alder
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael J Jurczak
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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106
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Jaschke NP, Pählig S, Sinha A, Adolph TE, Colunga ML, Hofmann M, Wang A, Thiele S, Schwärzler J, Kleymann A, Gentzel M, Tilg H, Wielockx B, Hofbauer LC, Rauner M, Göbel A, Rachner TD. Dickkopf1 fuels inflammatory cytokine responses. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1391. [PMID: 36539532 PMCID: PMC9765382 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04368-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many human diseases, including cancer, share an inflammatory component but the molecular underpinnings remain incompletely understood. We report that physiological and pathological Dickkopf1 (DKK1) activity fuels inflammatory cytokine responses in cell models, mice and humans. DKK1 maintains the elevated inflammatory tone of cancer cells and is required for mounting cytokine responses following ligation of toll-like and cytokine receptors. DKK1-controlled inflammation derives from cell-autonomous mechanisms, which involve SOCS3-restricted, nuclear RelA (p65) activity. We translate these findings to humans by showing that genetic DKK1 variants are linked to elevated cytokine production across healthy populations. Finally, we find that genetic deletion of DKK1 but not pharmacological neutralization of soluble DKK1 ameliorates inflammation and disease trajectories in a mouse model of endotoxemia. Collectively, our study identifies a cell-autonomous function of DKK1 in the control of the inflammatory response, which is conserved between malignant and non-malignant cells. Additional studies are required to mechanistically dissect cellular DKK1 trafficking and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai P Jaschke
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Sophie Pählig
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anupam Sinha
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Timon E Adolph
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maria Ledesma Colunga
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maura Hofmann
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrew Wang
- Department of Medicine (Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sylvia Thiele
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julian Schwärzler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander Kleymann
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marc Gentzel
- Molecular Analysis - Mass Spectrometry, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ben Wielockx
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andy Göbel
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tilman D Rachner
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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107
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GDF15 negatively regulates chemosensitivity via TGFBR2-AKT pathway-dependent metabolism in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Front Med 2022; 17:119-131. [PMID: 36525138 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-022-0949-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Treating patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is challenging due to the high chemoresistance. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is crucial in the development of various types of tumors and negatively related to the prognosis of ESCC patients according to our previous research. In this study, the link between GDF15 and chemotherapy resistance in ESCC was further explored. The relationship between GDF15 and the chemotherapy response was investigated through in vitro and in vivo studies. ESCC patients with high levels of GDF15 expression showed an inferior chemotherapeutic response. GDF15 improved the tolerance of ESCC cell lines to low-dose cisplatin by regulating AKT phosphorylation via TGFBR2. Through an in vivo study, we further validated that the anti-GDF15 antibody improved the tumor inhibition effect of cisplatin. Metabolomics showed that GDF15 could alter cellular metabolism and enhance the expression of UGT1A. AKT and TGFBR2 inhibition resulted in the reversal of the GDF15-induced expression of UGT1A, indicating that TGFBR2-AKT pathway-dependent metabolic pathways were involved in the resistance of ESCC cells to cisplatin. The present investigation suggests that a high level of GDF15 expression leads to ESCC chemoresistance and that GDF15 can be targeted during chemotherapy, resulting in beneficial therapeutic outcomes.
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108
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Liao J, Gan Y, Peng M, Giri M, Yang S, Gu L, Li A, Xiao R, He C, Li Y, Bai Y, Xu L, Guo S. GDF15 alleviates the progression of benign tracheobronchial stenosis by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and inactivating fibroblasts. Exp Cell Res 2022; 421:113410. [PMID: 36336027 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Benign tracheobronchial stenosis (BTS) is a fatal and incurable disease. Epithelial repair and matrix reconstruction play an important role in the wound repair process. If the interstitial context is not restored and stabilized in time, it can lead to pathological fibrosis. Here we attempted to identify cytokines that are involved in promoting wound repair. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a cytokine secreted by tracheal epithelial cells, which is indispensable for the growth of epithelial cells and inhibits the overgrowth of fibroblasts. GDF15 can counteract transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ1) stimulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tracheal epithelial cells and inhibit fibroblast activation via the TGFβ1-SMAD2/3 pathway. In a rat model of tracheal stenosis, GDF15 supplementation alleviated the degree of tracheal stenosis. These results suggest that GDF15 prevents fibroblast hyperactivation and promotes epithelial repair in injured trachea. GDF15 may be a potential therapy to improve benign tracheobronchial stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Liao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yiling Gan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Mingyu Peng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Mohan Giri
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lei Gu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Anmao Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chunyan He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yishi Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Shuliang Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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109
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Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15) Levels Associate with Lower Survival in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with COVID-19. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123251. [PMID: 36552007 PMCID: PMC9775159 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A cytokine storm drives the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 infection and several biomarkers have been linked to mortality. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) emerged as a risk factor for severe COVID-19. We investigated the association between selected biomarkers and mortality in 77 patients hospitalized for COVID-19, and whether they differ in patients with eGFR higher and lower than 45 mL/min. The association between patients’ characteristics, plasma biomarkers and mortality was conducted by univariate logistic regression models and independent predictors of mortality were then used to create a multivariate prediction model through Cox regression. Patients with lower eGFR had a significant increase of GDF-15, CD-25 and RAGE, with higher plasma levels in non-survivors and in patients who needed ventilation. At univariate analysis, low and mid-low GDF-15 quartiles (<4.45 ng/mL) were associated with lower mortality risk, while mid-high and high quartiles (>4.45 ng/mL) were associated with higher mortality risk. Independent association between GDF-15 quartiles and mortality risk was confirmed in the Cox model and adjusted for eGFR, age, fever and dyspnea (HR 2.28, CI 1.53−3.39, p < 0.0001). The strength of the association between GDF-15 quartiles and mortality risk increased in patients with lower compared to higher eGFR (HR 2.53, CI 1.34−4.79 versus HR 1.99, CI 1.17−3.39). Our findings may suggest a further investigation of the effect of GDF-15 signaling pathway inhibition in CKD.
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110
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Öz HH, Cheng EC, Di Pietro C, Tebaldi T, Biancon G, Zeiss C, Zhang PX, Huang PH, Esquibies SS, Britto CJ, Schupp JC, Murray TS, Halene S, Krause DS, Egan ME, Bruscia EM. Recruited monocytes/macrophages drive pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation and irreversible lung tissue remodeling in cystic fibrosis. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111797. [PMID: 36516754 PMCID: PMC9833830 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent neutrophil-dominated lung inflammation contributes to lung damage in cystic fibrosis (CF). However, the mechanisms that drive persistent lung neutrophilia and tissue deterioration in CF are not well characterized. Starting from the observation that, in patients with CF, c-c motif chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2)+ monocytes/macrophages are abundant in the lungs, we investigate the interplay between monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils in perpetuating lung tissue damage in CF. Here we show that CCR2+ monocytes in murine CF lungs drive pathogenic transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling and sustain a pro-inflammatory environment by facilitating neutrophil recruitment. Targeting CCR2 to lower the numbers of monocytes in CF lungs ameliorates neutrophil inflammation and pathogenic TGF-β signaling and prevents lung tissue damage. This study identifies CCR2+ monocytes as a neglected contributor to the pathogenesis of CF lung disease and as a therapeutic target for patients with CF, for whom lung hyperinflammation and tissue damage remain an issue despite recent advances in CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-specific therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan H Öz
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ee-Chun Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Toma Tebaldi
- Department of Hematology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Giulia Biancon
- Department of Hematology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Caroline Zeiss
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ping-Xia Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pamela H Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sofia S Esquibies
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Clemente J Britto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jonas C Schupp
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School and Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Lung Research Center (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas S Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephanie Halene
- Department of Hematology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Diane S Krause
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marie E Egan
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Emanuela M Bruscia
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Bencivenga L, Strumia M, Rolland Y, Martinez L, Cestac P, Guyonnet S, Andrieu S, Parini A, Lucas A, Vellas B, De Souto Barreto P, Rouch L, Guyonnet S, Carrié I, Brigitte L, Faisant C, Lala F, Delrieu J, Villars H, Combrouze E, Badufle C, Zueras A, Andrieu S, Cantet C, Morin C, Van Kan GA, Dupuy C, Rolland Y, Caillaud C, Ousset PJ, Lala F, Willis S, Belleville S, Gilbert B, Fontaine F, Dartigues JF, Marcet I, Delva F, Foubert A, Cerda S, Marie-Noëlle-Cuffi, Costes C, Rouaud O, Manckoundia P, Quipourt V, Marilier S, Franon E, Bories L, Pader ML, Basset MF, Lapoujade B, Faure V, Tong MLY, Malick-Loiseau C, Cazaban-Campistron E, Desclaux F, Blatge C, Dantoine T, Laubarie-Mouret C, Saulnier I, Clément JP, Picat MA, Bernard-Bourzeix L, Willebois S, Désormais I, Cardinaud N, Bonnefoy M, Livet P, Rebaudet P, Gédéon C, Burdet C, Terracol F, Pesce A, Roth S, Chaillou S, Louchart S, Sudres K, Lebrun N, Barro-Belaygues N, Touchon J, Bennys K, Gabelle A, Romano A, Touati L, Marelli C, Pays C, Robert P, Le Duff F, Gervais C, Gonfrier S, Gasnier Y, Bordes S, Begorre D, Carpuat C, Khales K, Lefebvre JF, Idrissi SME, Skolil P, Salles JP, Dufouil C, Lehéricy S, Chupin M, Mangin JF, Bouhayia A, Allard M, Ricolfi F, Dubois D, Martel MPB, Cotton F, Bonafé A, Chanalet S, Hugon F, Bonneville F, Cognard C, Chollet F, Payoux P, Voisin T, Delrieu J, Peiffer S, Hitzel A, Allard M, Zanca M, Monteil J, Darcourt J, Molinier L, Derumeaux H, Costa N, Perret B, Vinel C, Caspar-Bauguil S, Olivier-Abbal P, Andrieu S, Cantet C, Coley N. Biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammaging in older adults and blood pressure variability. GeroScience 2022; 45:797-809. [PMID: 36454336 PMCID: PMC9886716 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00697-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Most physiopathological mechanisms underlying blood pressure variability (BPV) are implicated in aging. Vascular aging is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation occurring in late life, known as "inflammaging" and the hallmark "mitochondrial dysfunction" due to age-related stress. We aimed to determine whether plasma levels of the pleiotropic stress-related mitokine growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) and two inflammatory biomarkers, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR-1), are associated with visit-to-visit BPV in a population of community-dwelling older adults. The study population consisted of 1096 community-dwelling participants [median age 75 (72-78) years; 699 females, 63.7%] aged ≥ 70 years from the MAPT study. Plasma blood sample was collected 12 months after enrolment and BP was assessed up to seven times over a 4-year period. Systolic (SBPV) and diastolic BPV (DBPV) were determined through several indicators taking into account BP change over time, the order of measurements and formulas independent of mean BP levels. Higher values of GDF-15 were significantly associated with increased SBPV (all indicators) after adjustment for relevant covariates [adjusted 1-SD increase in GDF-15: β (SE) = 0.07 (0.04), p < 0.044, for coefficient of variation%]. GDF-15 levels were not associated with DBPV. No significant associations were found between IL-6 and BPV, whereas TNFR1 was only partially related to DBPV. Unlike inflammation biomarkers, higher GDF-15 levels were associated with greater SBPV. Our findings support the age-related process of mitochondrial dysfunction underlying BP instability, suggesting that BPV might be a potential marker of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Bencivenga
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Sergio Pansini 5, Napoli, Italy. .,Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, CHU de Toulouse, France.
| | - Mathilde Strumia
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, CHU de Toulouse, France ,UMR INSERM 1295, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Rolland
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, CHU de Toulouse, France ,UMR INSERM 1295, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Philippe Cestac
- Department of Pharmacy, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Guyonnet
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, CHU de Toulouse, France ,UMR INSERM 1295, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Angelo Parini
- Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques Et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandre Lucas
- Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques Et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, CHU de Toulouse, France ,UMR INSERM 1295, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Philipe De Souto Barreto
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, CHU de Toulouse, France ,UMR INSERM 1295, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Laure Rouch
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, CHU de Toulouse, France ,UMR INSERM 1295, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
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Wang Y, An Z, Lin D, Jin W. Targeting cancer cachexia: Molecular mechanisms and clinical study. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e164. [PMID: 36105371 PMCID: PMC9464063 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a complex systemic catabolism syndrome characterized by muscle wasting. It affects multiple distant organs and their crosstalk with cancer constitute cancer cachexia environment. During the occurrence and progression of cancer cachexia, interactions of aberrant organs with cancer cells or other organs in a cancer cachexia environment initiate a cascade of stress reactions and destroy multiple organs including the liver, heart, pancreas, intestine, brain, bone, and spleen in metabolism, neural, and immune homeostasis. The role of involved organs turned from inhibiting tumor growth into promoting cancer cachexia in cancer progression. In this review, we depicted the complicated relationship of cancer cachexia with the metabolism, neural, and immune homeostasis imbalance in multiple organs in a cancer cachexia environment and summarized the treatment progress in recent years. And we discussed the molecular mechanism and clinical study of cancer cachexia from the perspective of multiple organs metabolic, neurological, and immunological abnormalities. Updated understanding of cancer cachexia might facilitate the exploration of biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets of cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong‐Fei Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- Institute of Cancer NeuroscienceMedical Frontier Innovation Research CenterThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Zi‐Yi An
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- Institute of Cancer NeuroscienceMedical Frontier Innovation Research CenterThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Dong‐Hai Lin
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian ProvinceMOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and InstrumentationCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Wei‐Lin Jin
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- Institute of Cancer NeuroscienceMedical Frontier Innovation Research CenterThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
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Qian X, He S, Shen X, Shi N, Gong Q, An Y, Chen Y, Wang J, Li G. Circulating levels of GDF-15 for predicting cardiovascular and cancer morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetes: Findings from Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2022; 48:101380. [PMID: 35918035 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2022.101380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the relationship between circulating growth differentiation factor (GDF-15) levels and the risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer in people with diabetes. METHODS Totally, 510 participants with type 2 diabetes were enrolled from the long-term follow-up of the Da Qing Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) and Diabetes Study (2006-2009). Plasma GDF-15 levels were assessed. Outcomes of cardiovascular events, cancer, and related death were followed up until 2016. RESULTS Over a 7.5-year follow-up period, 143 (28.0%) of the participants died, and 155 and 56 experienced cardiovascular events and cancer respectively. Multivariable Cox analysis showed that higher circulating GDF-15 levels were significantly associated with the increased risk of cardiovascular and cancer death. The HRs after adjustment of traditional confounders were 1.90 (95%CI 1.31-2.74) and 2.50 (95%CI 1.34-4.67) respectively for an increase in one unit of loge transformed GDF-15 (pg/ml). The cause-specific hazard model analysis further confirmed the results after adjusting the same confounders. In addition, the higher GDF-15 levels were also significantly associated with the increased risk of cardiovascular events (HR=1.35, 95%CI: 1.04-1.76) and cancer (HR=1.62, 95%CI 1.06-2.47). CONCLUSIONS Elevated circulating levels of GDF-15 predicted a significant increase in the dual risk of cancer and cardiovascular diseases in Chinese people with type 2 diabetes. Thus, it may be a potential predictor of these outcomes in people with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qian
- Endocrinology Centre, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Siyao He
- Endocrinology Centre, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Shen
- Endocrinology Centre, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Na Shi
- Endocrinology Centre, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuhong Gong
- Endocrinology Centre, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yali An
- Endocrinology Centre, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Endocrinology Centre, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinping Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Da Qing First Hospital, Daqing, China.
| | - Guangwei Li
- Endocrinology Centre, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
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114
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Chen W, Zhao Y, Dai Y, Nie K. Gastrointestinal inflammation plays a critical role in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 936:175379. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Patel S, Haider A, Alvarez-Guaita A, Bidault G, El-Sayed Moustafa JS, Guiu-Jurado E, Tadross JA, Warner J, Harrison J, Virtue S, Scurria F, Zvetkova I, Blüher M, Small KS, O'Rahilly S, Savage DB. Combined genetic deletion of GDF15 and FGF21 has modest effects on body weight, hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in high fat fed mice. Mol Metab 2022; 65:101589. [PMID: 36064109 PMCID: PMC9486046 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity in humans and mice is associated with elevated levels of two hormones responsive to cellular stress, namely GDF15 and FGF21. Over-expression of each of these is associated with weight loss and beneficial metabolic changes but where they are secreted from and what they are required for physiologically in the context of overfeeding remains unclear. METHODS Here we used tissue selective knockout mouse models and human transcriptomics to determine the source of circulating GDF15 in obesity. We then generated and characterized the metabolic phenotypes of GDF15/FGF21 double knockout mice. RESULTS Circulating GDF15 and FGF21 are both largely derived from the liver, rather than adipose tissue or skeletal muscle, in obese states. Combined whole body deletion of FGF21 and GDF15 does not result in any additional weight gain in response to high fat feeding but it does result in significantly greater hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance than that seen in GDF15 single knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS Collectively the data suggest that overfeeding activates a stress response in the liver which is the major source of systemic rises in GDF15 and FGF21. These hormones then activate pathways which reduce this metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Patel
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK; MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Afreen Haider
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK; MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Anna Alvarez-Guaita
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Guillaume Bidault
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Esther Guiu-Jurado
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - John A Tadross
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK; East Midlands and East of England Genomic Laboratory Hub & Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Warner
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - James Harrison
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samuel Virtue
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Fabio Scurria
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ilona Zvetkova
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerrin S Small
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK; MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David B Savage
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK; MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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116
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Igual Gil C, Coull BM, Jonas W, Lippert RN, Klaus S, Ost M. Mitochondrial stress-induced GFRAL signaling controls diurnal food intake and anxiety-like behavior. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/11/e202201495. [PMID: 36271504 PMCID: PMC9449705 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a mitochondrial stress-induced cytokine that modulates energy balance in an endocrine manner. However, the importance of its brainstem-restricted receptor GDNF family receptor alpha-like (GFRAL) to mediate endocrine GDF15 signaling to the brain upon mitochondrial dysfunction is still unknown. Using a mouse model with muscle-specific mitochondrial dysfunction, we here show that GFRAL is required for activation of systemic energy metabolism via daytime-restricted anorexia but not responsible for muscle wasting. We further find that muscle mitochondrial stress response involves a GFRAL-dependent induction of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone, without elevated corticosterone levels. Finally, we identify that GFRAL signaling governs an anxiety-like behavior in male mice with muscle mitochondrial dysfunction, with females showing a less robust GFRAL-dependent anxiety-like phenotype. Together, we here provide novel evidence of a mitochondrial stress-induced muscle–brain crosstalk via the GDF15-GFRAL axis to modulate food intake and anxiogenic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Igual Gil
- Department of Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bethany M Coull
- Department of Neurocircuit Development and Function, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wenke Jonas
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rachel N Lippert
- Department of Neurocircuit Development and Function, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Klaus
- Department of Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Mario Ost
- Department of Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
- Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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Abstract
The analogy of mitochondria as powerhouses has expired. Mitochondria are living, dynamic, maternally inherited, energy-transforming, biosynthetic, and signaling organelles that actively transduce biological information. We argue that mitochondria are the processor of the cell, and together with the nucleus and other organelles they constitute the mitochondrial information processing system (MIPS). In a three-step process, mitochondria (1) sense and respond to both endogenous and environmental inputs through morphological and functional remodeling; (2) integrate information through dynamic, network-based physical interactions and diffusion mechanisms; and (3) produce output signals that tune the functions of other organelles and systemically regulate physiology. This input-to-output transformation allows mitochondria to transduce metabolic, biochemical, neuroendocrine, and other local or systemic signals that enhance organismal adaptation. An explicit focus on mitochondrial signal transduction emphasizes the role of communication in mitochondrial biology. This framework also opens new avenues to understand how mitochondria mediate inter-organ processes underlying human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Aguilar-Recarte D, Barroso E, Palomer X, Wahli W, Vázquez-Carrera M. Knocking on GDF15's door for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:741-754. [PMID: 36151002 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Although a large number of drugs are available for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), many patients do not achieve adequate disease control despite adhering to medication. Recent findings indicate that the pharmacological modulation of the stress-induced cytokine growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) shows promise for the treatment of T2DM. GDF15 suppresses appetite and reduces inflammation, increases thermogenesis and lipid catabolism, sustains AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity, and ameliorates insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. In addition, circulating GDF15 levels are elevated in response to several antidiabetic drugs, including metformin, with GDF15 mediating some of their effects. Here, we review the mechanistic insights into the beneficial effects of recently explored therapeutic approaches that target GDF15 for the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Aguilar-Recarte
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avinguda Joan XXII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emma Barroso
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avinguda Joan XXII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Palomer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avinguda Joan XXII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Walter Wahli
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore 308232; ToxAlim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, UMR1331, 31300 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avinguda Joan XXII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Lucinde R, Abdi A, Orindi B, Mwakio S, Gathuri H, Onyango E, Chira S, Ogero M, Isaaka L, Shangala J, Oginga IN, Wachira A, Manuthu E, Kariuki H, Nyikuli J, Wekesa C, Otedo A, Bosire H, Okoth SB, Ongalo W, Mukabi D, Lusamba W, Muthui B, Kirui N, Adembesa I, Mithi C, Sood M, Ahmed N, Gituma B, Ongaki VB, Giabe M, Omondi C, Ombajo LA, Kagucia W, English M, Hamaluba M, Ochola-Oyier LI, Kamuya D, Bejon P, Agweyu A, Akech S, Etyang AO. A pragmatic randomized controlled trial of standard care versus steroids plus standard care for treatment of pneumonia in adults admitted to Kenyan hospitals (SONIA). Wellcome Open Res 2022. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18401.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is unclear if adjunctive steroid therapy reduces mortality in community-acquired pneumonia, as very few studies have had mortality as a primary outcome. This question has become even more relevant following demonstration of a mortality benefit of dexamethasone when used in patients with COVID-19 who had severe disease. This has led to increased prescription of steroids in adults with community acquired pneumonia in low-resource settings even when their COVID-19 diagnosis is uncertain due to low testing rates. This pragmatic parallel randomised-controlled open-label trial will determine if adjunctive low-dose steroids for treatment of adults admitted to hospital with community acquired pneumonia whose SARS-CoV-2 status is either unknown or negative reduces mortality. Methods: We will enroll and randomize 2180 patients admitted with a clinical diagnosis of community acquired pneumonia into two arms; in Stratum A-participants will receive standard care for the treatment of community acquired pneumonia. In Stratum B-participants will receive a 10-day course of low-dose oral corticosteroids in addition to standard care. All participants will be followed up to 30 days post randomization and their final status recorded (alive or dead). An immunology sub study will be conducted on a subset of the trial participants (50 per arm) to determine the correlation of pre-existing and treatment induced immune and metabolic changes with study outcomes. Discussion: Mortality among adults admitted to hospital with community acquired pneumonia in resource-limited settings is high. Steroids are readily available in these settings. If the addition of steroids to standard care for community acquired pneumonia is found to be beneficial, this easily scalable intervention would significantly reduce the currently high mortality associated with the illness.
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Boyes D, Lewin T. The genome sequence of the acorn piercer, Pammene fasciana (Linnaeus, 1761). Wellcome Open Res 2022. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18114.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a genome assembly from an individual male Pammene fasciana (acorn piercer; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Tortricidae). The genome sequence is 564 megabases in span. The majority of the assembly (99.94%) is scaffolded into 28 chromosomal pseudomolecules with the Z sex chromosome assembled. The complete mitochondrial genome was also assembled and is 16.4 kilobases in length.
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Pang Y, Zheng Y, Yang N, Zan M, Zhang L, Ding W. Potential novel biomarkers in small intestine for obesity/obesity resistance revealed by multi-omics analysis. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:98. [PMID: 36209126 PMCID: PMC9547412 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01711-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although obesity is caused by different factors, individual susceptibility to obesity differs among people under the same circumstances. The microbiota in the caecum or fresh faeces and metabolites in blood or urine contribute to obesity resistance; however, the microbiota or metabolites in the small intestine have not been extensively studied. Methods To investigate the relationship between the microbiota or metabolites in the small intestine and susceptibility to obesity, eighty-eight male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks to establish two models of obesity and obesity resistance. For further study, six mice were chosen from among the obesity models, and twelve mice were randomly chosen from among the obesity resistance models. After fasting plasma glucose and behavioural testing, the mice were fed in single cages for another 4 weeks to observe their weight and food intake. All mice were sacrificed at 20 weeks of age. Serum ALT, AST, HDL, LDL, TG and TC levels were measured using an automatic biochemical analyser. The microbiota and metabolites in the small intestine contents were analysed using 16 S sequencing and an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatographic system, respectively. Transcripts in the jejunum were evaluated using full-length transcriptome sequencing and verified by qPCR. Results The results showed that HFD induced depression and anxiety behaviours and higher fasting plasma glucose, ALT, AST, HDL, LDL, TG and TC levels in the obese mice; however, these levels were improved in obese resistance mice. The correlation analysis showed that the phosphatidylcholine, TG, and phosphatidylethanolamine levels were higher in obese mice and correlated positively with intestinal microflora (Desulfovibrio and Gemella) and the Cxcl10 gene. A higher abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 in obesity-resistant mice correlated negatively with the metabolite contents (neuromedin N and enkephalin L) and Pck1 gene expression and correlated positively with certain metabolites (5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan, cinnamyl alcohol and 1 H-indole-3-acetamide) and genes expression (Gdf15, Igfbp6 and Spp1). Conclusion Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, neuromedin N, enkephalin L, Pck1, 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan, Cxcl10 and cinnamyl alcohol may be novel biomarkers in the small intestine for obesity/obesity resistance. These might be helpful for obesity prevention or for treating obese patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-022-01711-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueshan Pang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611130, Chengdu, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, North SiChuan Medical College, 637000, Nanchong, China
| | - Yali Zheng
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Ni Yang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Zan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - WeiJun Ding
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611130, Chengdu, China.
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Chen J, Peng H, Chen C, Wang Y, Sang T, Cai Z, Zhao Q, Chen S, Lin X, Eling T, Wang X. NAG-1/GDF15 inhibits diabetic nephropathy via inhibiting AGE/RAGE-mediated inflammation signaling pathways in C57BL/6 mice and HK-2 cells. Life Sci 2022; 311:121142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Parchwani D, Dholariya S, Katoch CDS, Singh R. Growth differentiation factor 15 as an emerging novel biomarker in SARS-CoV-2 infection. World J Methodol 2022; 12:438-447. [PMID: 36186744 PMCID: PMC9516548 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v12.i5.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15 is a member of a transforming growth factor-β cytokine superfamily that regulates metabolism and is released in response to inflammation, hypoxia and tissue injury. It has evolved as one of the most potent cytokines for predicting the severity of infections and inflammatory conditions, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.
AIM To investigate the utility of GDF-15 in predicting the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
METHODS PubMed, Reference Citation Analysis, CNKI, and Goggle Scholar were explored by using related MeSH keywords and data such as the first author’s name, study duration, type and place of study, sample size and subgroups of participants if any, serum/plasma GDF- 15 level in pg/mL, area under the curve and cut-off value in receiver operating characteristic analysis, method of measurement of GDF-15, and the main conclusion were extracted.
RESULTS In all studies, the baseline GDF-15 level was elevated in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, and it was significantly associated with severity, hypoxemia, viral load, and worse clinical consequences. In addition, GDF-15 levels were correlated with C-reactive protein, D-dimer, ferritin and procalcitonin, and it had superior discriminatory ability to detect severity and in-hospital mortality of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Hence, GDF-15 might be used to predict the severity and prognosis of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2.
CONCLUSION Serial estimation of GDF-15 levels in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection appeared to have useful prognostic value and GDF-15 can be considered a clinically prominent sepsis biomarker for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Parchwani
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot 360001, Gujarat, India
| | - Sagar Dholariya
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot 360001, Gujarat, India
| | - CDS Katoch
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot 360001, Gujarat, India
| | - Ragini Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot 360001, Gujarat, India
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124
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Chronic Leptin Deficiency Improves Tolerance of Physiological Damage and Host-Pathogen Cooperation during Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Infection. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0024222. [PMID: 35924898 PMCID: PMC9476980 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00242-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To combat infections, hosts employ a combination of antagonistic and cooperative defense strategies. The former refers to pathogen killing mediated by resistance mechanisms, while the latter refers to physiological defense mechanisms that promote host health during infection independent of pathogen killing, leading to an apparent cooperation between the host and the pathogen. Previous work has shown that Leptin, a pleiotropic hormone that plays a central role in regulating appetite and energy metabolism, is indispensable for resistance mechanisms, while a role for Leptin signaling in cooperative host-pathogen interactions remains unknown. Using a mouse model of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (Yptb) infection, an emerging pathogen that causes fever, diarrhea, and mesenteric lymphadenitis in humans, we found that the physiological effects of chronic Leptin-signaling deficiency conferred protection from Yptb infection due to increased host-pathogen cooperation rather than greater resistance defenses. The protection against Yptb infection was independent of differences in food consumption, lipolysis, or fat mass. Instead, we found that the chronic absence of Leptin signaling protects from a shift to lipid utilization during infection that contributes to Yptb lethality. Furthermore, we found that the survival advantage conferred by Leptin deficiency was associated with increased liver and kidney damage. Our work reveals an additional level of complexity for the role of Leptin in infection defense and demonstrates that in some contexts, in addition to tolerating the pathogen, tolerating organ damage is more beneficial for survival than preventing the damage.
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Kageyama K, Iwasaki Y, Watanuki Y, Murasawa S, Niioka K, Tasso M, Kosugi A, Daimon M. Growth differentiation factor-15 modulates adrenocorticotropic hormone synthesis in murine AtT-20 corticotroph cells. Peptides 2022; 155:170841. [PMID: 35868568 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) is a stress-responsive cytokine that plays important roles in regulation of inflammatory responses, cell growth, and cell differentiation. However, the nature of these roles remains unclear. Here, we aimed to examine the regulatory effects of dexamethasone on Gdf15 expression in murine AtT-20 corticotroph cells. Human Gdf15 promoter-driven luciferase reporter constructs were transfected into corticotroph cells to analyze their promoter activity. The effects of time and concentration of dexamethasone on Gdf15 and proopiomelanocortin (Pomc) mRNA levels were assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Dexamethasone induced Gdf15 transcription and mRNA levels as well as GDF15 production in transfected cells, whereas reduced the Pomc mRNA levels. GDF15 modulated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) synthesis, and the dexamethasone-mediated reduction in Pomc mRNA levels were partially relieved upon Gdf15 knockdown. We concluded that GDF15 modulated ACTH production in pituitary corticotrophs in an autocrine manner by suppressing Pomc expression and subsequently mediating the negative feedback effect of glucocorticoids, thereby contributing to pituitary stress response and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Kageyama
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Yasumasa Iwasaki
- Suzuka University of Medical Science, 1001-1 Kishioka-cho, Suzuka, Mie 510-0293, Japan
| | - Yutaka Watanuki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Shingo Murasawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Kanako Niioka
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Mizuki Tasso
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Ai Kosugi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Makoto Daimon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
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Babalghith AO, Al-kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, De Waard M, Sabatier JM, Saad HM, Batiha GES. The Potential Role of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 in COVID-19: A Corollary Subjective Effect or Not? Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12092051. [PMID: 36140453 PMCID: PMC9497461 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is primarily caused by various forms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants. COVID-19 is characterized by hyperinflammation, oxidative stress, multi-organ injury (MOI)-like acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Different biomarkers are used in the assessment of COVID-19 severity including D-dimer, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Interestingly, growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) has recently become a potential biomarker correlated with the COVID-19 severity. Thus, this critical review aimed to determine the critical association between GDF15 and COVID-19. The perfect function of GDF15 remains not well-recognized; nevertheless, it plays a vital role in controlling cell growth, apoptosis and inflammatory activation. Furthermore, GDF15 may act as anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory signaling in diverse cardiovascular complications. Furthermore, the release of GDF15 is activated by various growth factors and cytokines including macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), angiotensin II (AngII) and p53. Therefore, higher expression of GDF15 in COVID-19 might a compensatory mechanism to stabilize and counteract dysregulated inflammatory reactions. In conclusion, GDF15 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that could be associated with the COVID-19 severity. Increased GDF15 could be a compensatory mechanism against hyperinflammation and exaggerated immune response in the COVID-19. Experimental, preclinical and large-scale clinical studies are warranted in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad O. Babalghith
- Medical Genetics Department, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M. Al-kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad P.O. Box 14022, Iraq
| | - Ali I. Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad P.O. Box 14022, Iraq
| | - Michel De Waard
- Smartox Biotechnology, 6 rue des Platanes, 38120 Saint-Egrève, France
- L’institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV NANTES, F-44007 Nantes, France
- LabEx Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, F-06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Jean-Marc Sabatier
- Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7051, Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Hebatallah M. Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Mersa Matruh 51744, Egypt
- Correspondence: (H.M.S.); (G.E.-S.B.)
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
- Correspondence: (H.M.S.); (G.E.-S.B.)
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127
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The GDF15-GFRAL pathway is dispensable for the effects of metformin on energy balance. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111258. [PMID: 36001956 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a blood-glucose-lowering medication with physiological effects that extend beyond its anti-diabetic indication. Recently, it was reported that metformin lowers body weight via induction of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), which suppresses food intake by binding to the GDNF family receptor α-like (GFRAL) in the hindbrain. Here, we corroborate that metformin increases circulating GDF15 in mice and humans, but we fail to confirm previous reports that the GDF15-GFRAL pathway is necessary for the weight-lowering effects of metformin. Instead, our studies in wild-type, GDF15 knockout, and GFRAL knockout mice suggest that the GDF15-GFRAL pathway is dispensable for the effects of metformin on energy balance. The data presented here question whether metformin is a sufficiently strong stimulator of GDF15 to drive anorexia and weight loss and emphasize that additional work is needed to untangle the relationship among metformin, GDF15, and energy balance.
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128
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Radwanska A, Cottage CT, Piras A, Overed-Sayer C, Sihlbom C, Budida R, Wrench C, Connor J, Monkley S, Hazon P, Schluter H, Thomas MJ, Hogaboam CM, Murray LA. Increased expression and accumulation of GDF15 in IPF extracellular matrix contribute to fibrosis. JCI Insight 2022; 7:153058. [PMID: 35993367 PMCID: PMC9462497 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic disease of unmet medical need. It is characterized by formation of scar tissue leading to a progressive and irreversible decline in lung function. IPF is associated with repeated injury, which may alter the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, we demonstrate that IPF patient–derived pulmonary ECM drives profibrotic response in normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLF) in a 3D spheroid assay. Next, we reveal distinct alterations in composition of the diseased ECM, identifying potentially novel associations with IPF. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) was identified among the most significantly upregulated proteins in the IPF lung–derived ECM. In vivo, GDF15 neutralization in a bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis model led to significantly less fibrosis. In vitro, recombinant GDF15 (rGDF15) stimulated α smooth muscle actin (αSMA) expression in NHLF, and this was mediated by the activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5) receptor. Furthermore, in the presence of rGDF15, the migration of NHLF in collagen gel was reduced. In addition, we observed a cell type–dependent effect of GDF15 on the expression of cell senescence markers. Our data suggest that GDF15 mediates lung fibrosis through fibroblast activation and differentiation, implicating a potential direct role of this matrix-associated cytokine in promoting aberrant cell responses in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Radwanska
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christopher Travis Cottage
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, R&I, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Antonio Piras
- Bioscience In Vivo, Research and Early Development, R&I, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Catherine Overed-Sayer
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, R&I, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carina Sihlbom
- Proteomics Core Facility of Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ramachandramouli Budida
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, R&I, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Catherine Wrench
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, R&I, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Connor
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, R&I, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan Monkley
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, R&I, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petra Hazon
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Holger Schluter
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matthew J. Thomas
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Lynne A. Murray
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, R&I, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Wang AG, Son M, Kenna E, Thom N, Tay S. NF-κB memory coordinates transcriptional responses to dynamic inflammatory stimuli. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111159. [PMID: 35977475 PMCID: PMC10794069 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many scenarios in cellular communication require cells to interpret multiple dynamic signals. It is unclear how exposure to inflammatory stimuli alters transcriptional responses to subsequent stimulus. Using high-throughput microfluidic live-cell analysis, we systematically profile the NF-κB response to different signal sequences in single cells. We find that NF-κB dynamics store the short-term history of received signals: depending on the prior pathogenic or cytokine signal, the NF-κB response to subsequent stimuli varies from no response to full activation. Using information theory, we reveal that these stimulus-dependent changes in the NF-κB response encode and reflect information about the identity and dose of the prior stimulus. Small-molecule inhibition, computational modeling, and gene expression profiling show that this encoding is driven by stimulus-dependent engagement of negative feedback modules. These results provide a model for how signal transduction networks process sequences of inflammatory stimuli to coordinate cellular responses in complex dynamic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Wang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Minjun Son
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Emma Kenna
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Nicholas Thom
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Savaş Tay
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Prognostic Value of Catestatin in Severe COVID-19: An ICU-Based Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154496. [PMID: 35956112 PMCID: PMC9369405 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Catestatin is a pleiotropic peptide with a wide range of immunomodulatory effects. Considering that patients with a severe COVID-19 infection have a major immunological dysregulation, the aim of this study was to evaluate catestatin levels in patients with COVID-19 treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) and to compare them between the fatal and non-fatal outcomes. The study included 152 patients with severe COVID-19, out of which 105 had a non-fatal outcome and 47 had a fatal outcome. Serum catestatin levels were estimated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in a commercially available diagnostic kit. The results show that catestatin levels were significantly lower in the fatal group compared to the non-fatal group (16.6 ± 7.8 vs. 23.2 ± 9.2 ng/mL; p < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between serum catestatin levels and vitamin D levels (r = 0.338; p < 0.001) while there was also a significant positive correlation between serum catestatin levels and growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) levels (r = −0.345; p < 0.001). Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression showed that catestatin, GDF-15 and leukocyte count were significant predictors for COVID-19 survival. These findings imply that catestatin could be playing a major immunomodulatory role in the complex pathophysiology of the COVID-19 infection and that serum catestatin could also be a predictor of a poor COVID-19 outcome.
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131
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Torrens-Mas M, Perelló-Reus CM, Trias-Ferrer N, Ibargüen-González L, Crespí C, Galmes-Panades AM, Navas-Enamorado C, Sanchez-Polo A, Piérola-Lopetegui J, Masmiquel L, Crespi LS, Barcelo C, Gonzalez-Freire M. GDF15 and ACE2 stratify COVID-19 patients according to severity while ACE2 mutations increase infection susceptibility. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:942951. [PMID: 35937703 PMCID: PMC9355674 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.942951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a persistent global pandemic with a very heterogeneous disease presentation ranging from a mild disease to dismal prognosis. Early detection of sensitivity and severity of COVID-19 is essential for the development of new treatments. In the present study, we measured the levels of circulating growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in plasma of severity-stratified COVID-19 patients and uninfected control patients and characterized the in vitro effects and cohort frequency of ACE2 SNPs. Our results show that while circulating GDF15 and ACE2 stratify COVID-19 patients according to disease severity, ACE2 missense SNPs constitute a risk factor linked to infection susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margalida Torrens-Mas
- Translational Research in Aging and Longevity Group (TRIAL group), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Catalina M. Perelló-Reus
- Translational Pancreatic Cancer Oncogenesis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Neus Trias-Ferrer
- Translational Research in Aging and Longevity Group (TRIAL group), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Lesly Ibargüen-González
- Translational Pancreatic Cancer Oncogenesis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Catalina Crespí
- Cell Culture and Flow Cytometry Facility, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Aina Maria Galmes-Panades
- Translational Research in Aging and Longevity Group (TRIAL group), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Research Group (GICAFE), Institute for Educational Research and Innovation (IRIE), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Cayetano Navas-Enamorado
- Translational Research in Aging and Longevity Group (TRIAL group), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Andres Sanchez-Polo
- Translational Research in Aging and Longevity Group (TRIAL group), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Javier Piérola-Lopetegui
- Microscopy Facility, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Luis Masmiquel
- Vascular and Metabolic Pathologies Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Socias Crespi
- Intensive Care Unit, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Son Llatzer University Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Carles Barcelo
- Translational Pancreatic Cancer Oncogenesis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- *Correspondence: Marta Gonzalez-Freire, ; Carles Barcelo,
| | - Marta Gonzalez-Freire
- Translational Research in Aging and Longevity Group (TRIAL group), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- *Correspondence: Marta Gonzalez-Freire, ; Carles Barcelo,
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Owen A, Patel JM, Parekh D, Bangash MN. Mechanisms of Post-critical Illness Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:854421. [PMID: 35911546 PMCID: PMC9334745 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.854421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged critical care stays commonly follow trauma, severe burn injury, sepsis, ARDS, and complications of major surgery. Although patients leave critical care following homeostatic recovery, significant additional diseases affect these patients during and beyond the convalescent phase. New cardiovascular and renal disease is commonly seen and roughly one third of all deaths in the year following discharge from critical care may come from this cluster of diseases. During prolonged critical care stays, the immunometabolic, inflammatory and neurohumoral response to severe illness in conjunction with resuscitative treatments primes the immune system and parenchymal tissues to develop a long-lived pro-inflammatory and immunosenescent state. This state is perpetuated by persistent Toll-like receptor signaling, free radical mediated isolevuglandin protein adduct formation and presentation by antigen presenting cells, abnormal circulating HDL and LDL isoforms, redox and metabolite mediated epigenetic reprogramming of the innate immune arm (trained immunity), and the development of immunosenescence through T-cell exhaustion/anergy through epigenetic modification of the T-cell genome. Under this state, tissue remodeling in the vascular, cardiac, and renal parenchymal beds occurs through the activation of pro-fibrotic cellular signaling pathways, causing vascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis, adverse cardiac remodeling and dysfunction, and proteinuria and accelerated chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Owen
- Department of Critical Care, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jaimin M. Patel
- Department of Critical Care, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Dhruv Parekh
- Department of Critical Care, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mansoor N. Bangash
- Department of Critical Care, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Mansoor N. Bangash
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133
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Xu WD, Huang Q, Yang C, Li R, Huang AF. GDF-15: A Potential Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:926373. [PMID: 35911685 PMCID: PMC9332889 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.926373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a rheumatic disease. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a member of transforming growth factor-β superfamily. To date, association of GDF-15 with SLE pathogenesis is not clarified. This study discussed GDF-15 serum levels and gene polymorphisms in SLE patients and lupus mouse model further demonstrated the role of GDF-15 in lupus development. We conducted two independent case-control studies for SLE patients. One is to evaluate serum levels of GDF-15 in 54 SLE patients and 90 healthy controls, and the other one is to analyze gene polymorphisms of GDF-15 in 289 SLE patients and 525 healthy controls. Serum levels of GDF-15 were detected by ELISA. GDF-15 gene polymorphisms (rs1055150, rs1058587, rs1059519, rs1059369, rs1227731, rs4808793, and rs16982345) were genotyped by the Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) method. Addition of recombinant GDF-15 into pristane-induced lupus mice evaluated histological and serological changes. Results showed that serum levels of GDF-15 were overexpressed in SLE patients and associated with disease activity. Polymorphisms rs1055150, rs1059369, rs1059519, and rs4808793 of GDF-15 gene were related to SLE risk. Lupus mice showed splenomegaly, severe histological scores, and high levels of autoantibodies [antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and total immunoglobulin G (IgG)], whereas administration of GDF-15 into lupus mice reduced the histological changes. Percentages of CD8+, CD11b+, CD19+, CD11C+ cells, TH2 cells, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-21, and IL-22) were reduced after GDF-15 treatment in lupus mice. In conclusion, GDF-15 was related to lupus pathogenesis and inhibited lupus development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Dong Xu
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chan Yang
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - An-Fang Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: An-Fang Huang,
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A novel Gboxin analog induces OXPHOS inhibition and mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated apoptosis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Bioorg Chem 2022; 127:106019. [PMID: 35849895 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Currently, moderate efficacy and limitations of approved drugs still exist, and it is necessary to develop newer and more effective drugs. Gboxin is a promising inhibitor of OXPHOS, which specifically inhibits the growth of many kinds of cancer cell lines. In the present study, 21 Gboxin analogs incorporating amide and ester moieties were designed and synthesized. Preliminary screening results show that 5d also has specific selectivity for cancer cells, particularly on the DLBCL cells, which is weaker than that of Gboxin but still good. Thus, the effect and underlying mechanism of 5d on DLBCL cells were further studied. The results showed that 5d exhibits potent proliferation inhibition and cell cycle arrest effects, and its IC50 to DLBCL cells is below 1 µM. In addition, 5d induces apoptosis of DLBCL cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and this effect is stronger than that of Gboxin and VP16. Mechanistically, 5d plays its role mainly through the stimulation of metabolic stress in DLBCL cell lines, which induces OXPHOS inhibition, inflammation, DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. These data suggest that 5d has potential as a candidate agent for DLBCL alternative drug development.
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135
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Xia M, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Li R, Zhao T, Chen L, Liu Q, Zheng S, Li H, Qian Z, Yang L. Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Regulates Oxidative Stress-Dependent Ferroptosis Post Spinal Cord Injury by Stabilizing the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:905115. [PMID: 35860670 PMCID: PMC9289442 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.905115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe traumatic disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that causes irreversible damage to the nervous tissue. The consequent hemorrhage contributed by trauma induces neuronal ferroptosis post SCI, which is an important death mode to mediate neuronal loss. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a cytokine that regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and death. However, the specific role of GDF15 in neuronal ferroptosis post SCI remains unknown. Materials and Methods Neuronal ferroptosis in vitro was measured by detection of lipid peroxidation, glutathione, iron content, and reactive oxidative stress. In vivo, western blotting and immunofluorescence (IF) staining was utilized to measure ferroptosis post SCI. IF staining, TUNEL staining, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and Nissl staining were used to measure neurological damage. Finally, locomotor function recovery was analyzed using the Basso Mouse Scale and Louisville Swim Scale. Results GDF15 was significantly increased in neuronal ferroptosis and silencing GDF15 aggravated ferroptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Besides, GDF15-mediated inhibition of neuronal ferroptosis is through p62-dependent Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. In SCI mice, knockdown of GDF15 significantly exacerbated neuronal death, interfered with axon regeneration and remyelination, aggravated ferroptosis-mediated neuroinflammation, and restrained locomotor recovery. Conclusion GDF15 effectively alleviated neuronal ferroptosis post SCI via the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway and promoted locomotor recovery of SCI mice, which is suggested as a potential target on SCI pathogenesis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinyang Zhang
- Postgraduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Postgraduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Rulin Li
- Postgraduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- Postgraduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Lingxia Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiangxian Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengnai Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haijun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
- Taizhou Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Haijun Li,
| | - Zhanyang Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Zhanyang Qian,
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
- Taizhou Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Lei Yang,
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Damian L, Login CC, Solomon C, Belizna C, Encica S, Urian L, Jurcut C, Stancu B, Vulturar R. Inclusion Body Myositis and Neoplasia: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137358. [PMID: 35806366 PMCID: PMC9266341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is an acquired, late-onset inflammatory myopathy, with both inflammatory and degenerative pathogenesis. Although idiopathic inflammatory myopathies may be associated with malignancies, IBM is generally not considered paraneoplastic. Many studies of malignancy in inflammatory myopathies did not include IBM patients. Indeed, IBM is often diagnosed only after around 5 years from onset, while paraneoplastic myositis is generally defined as the co-occurrence of malignancy and myopathy within 1 to 3 years of each other. Nevertheless, a significant association with large granular lymphocyte leukemia has been recently described in IBM, and there are reports of cancer-associated IBM. We review the pathogenic mechanisms supposed to be involved in IBM and outline the common mechanisms in IBM and malignancy, as well as the therapeutic perspectives. The terminally differentiated, CD8+ highly cytotoxic T cells expressing NK features are central in the pathogenesis of IBM and, paradoxically, play a role in some cancers as well. Interferon gamma plays a central role, mostly during the early stages of the disease. The secondary mitochondrial dysfunction, the autophagy and cell cycle dysregulation, and the crosstalk between metabolic and mitogenic pathways could be shared by IBM and cancer. There are intermingled subcellular mechanisms in IBM and neoplasia, and probably their co-existence is underestimated. The link between IBM and cancers deserves further interest, in order to search for efficient therapies in IBM and to improve muscle function, life quality, and survival in both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Damian
- Centre for Rare Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases (ERN-ReCONNET), Department of Rheumatology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- CMI Reumatologie Dr. Damian, 6-8 Petru Maior St., 400002 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian Cezar Login
- Department of Physiology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Carolina Solomon
- Radiology Department, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Radiology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Belizna
- UMR CNRS 6015—INSERM U1083, University of Angers, 49100 Angers, France;
- Internal Medicine Department Clinique de l’Anjou, Angers and Vascular and Coagulation Department, University Hospital Angers, 49100 Angers, France
| | - Svetlana Encica
- Department of Pathology, “Niculae Stancioiu” Heart Institute Cluj-Napoca, 19-21 Calea Moților St., 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Laura Urian
- Department of Hematology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400004 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, 400014 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ciprian Jurcut
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency University Hospital, Calea Plevnei No 134, 010825 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Stancu
- 2nd Surgical Department, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Romana Vulturar
- Department of Molecular Sciences, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, University “Babes-Bolyai” Cluj-Napoca, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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137
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Muniyan S, Pothuraju R, Seshacharyulu P, Batra SK. Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 in cancer: Beyond the cellular phenotype. Cancer Lett 2022; 536:215664. [PMID: 35351601 PMCID: PMC9088220 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Despite technological advances in diagnostic abilities and improved treatment methods, the burden of cancers remains high, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. One primary reason is that cancer cell secretory factors modulate the tumor microenvironment, supporting tumor growth and circumvents anticancer activities of conventional therapies. Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1) is a pleiotropic cytokine elevated in various cancers. MIC-1 regulates various cancer hallmarks, including sustained proliferation, tumor-promoting inflammation, avoiding immune destruction, inducing invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and resisting cell death. Despite these facts, the molecular regulation and downstream signaling of MIC-1 in cancer remain elusive, partly because its receptor (GFRAL) was unknown until recently. Binding of MIC-1 to GFRAL recruits the coreceptor tyrosine kinase RET to execute its downstream signaling. So far, studies have shown that GFRAL expression is restricted to the brain stem and is responsible for MIC-1/GFRAL/RET-mediated metabolic disorders. Nevertheless, abundant levels of MIC-1 expression have been reported in all cancer types and have been proposed as a surrogate biomarker. Given the ubiquitous expression of MIC-1 in cancers, it is crucial to understand both upstream regulation and downstream MIC-1/GFRAL/RET signaling in cancer hallmark traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakthivel Muniyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - Ramesh Pothuraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Parthasarathy Seshacharyulu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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138
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Eisenstein A, Hilliard BK, Pope SD, Zhang C, Taskar P, Waizman DA, Israni-Winger K, Tian H, Luan HH, Wang A. Activation of the transcription factor NRF2 mediates the anti-inflammatory properties of a subset of over-the-counter and prescription NSAIDs. Immunity 2022; 55:1082-1095.e5. [PMID: 35588739 PMCID: PMC9205175 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes and are ubiquitously used for their anti-inflammatory properties. However, COX inhibition alone fails to explain numerous clinical outcomes of NSAID usage. Screening commonly used NSAIDs in primary human and murine myeloid cells demonstrated that NSAIDs could be differentiated by their ability to induce growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), independent of COX specificity. Using genetic and pharmacologic approaches, NSAID-mediated GDF15 induction was dependent on the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) in myeloid cells. Sensing by Cysteine 151 of the NRF2 chaperone, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) was required for NSAID activation of NRF2 and subsequent anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo. Myeloid-specific deletion of NRF2 abolished NSAID-mediated tissue protection in murine models of gout and endotoxemia. This highlights a noncanonical NRF2-dependent mechanism of action for the anti-inflammatory activity of a subset of commonly used NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Eisenstein
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Brandon K Hilliard
- Department of Internal Medicine and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Scott D Pope
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Cuiling Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Pranali Taskar
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Daniel A Waizman
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | - Hui Tian
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Harding H Luan
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Andrew Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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139
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Drugging inflammation: Easier NSAID than done. Immunity 2022; 55:973-975. [PMID: 35704999 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this issue of Immunity, Eisenstein, Hiliard, et al., uncover a novel mechanism of some widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): activation of the antioxidant transcription factor NRF2 in myeloid immune cells.
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140
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Onishi S, Ebihara T, Togami Y, Matsubara T, Matsumoto H, Osuka A, Ogura H, Oda J. Growth Differentiation Factor-15 Correlates with Mortality and Severity in Severe Burns. Shock 2022; 57:211-217. [PMID: 35616608 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is expressed in almost all tissues of the body and is necessary for the body's defense response to stress such as inflammation. It has been reported to be associated with incidence and mortality in many diseases, including systemic inflammatory response syndromes. There are no reports on GDF-15 in burns. The purpose of this study was to investigate the trend of GDF-15 in blood in patients with severe burns and to determine its relationship with severity and mortality. METHODS This was a retrospective, observational, single-center study. The level of GDF-15 in the blood was measured and compared with clinical parameters, including prognosis. Time points for sample collection were the day of injury, 4 days after injury, and 1 week after injury. RESULTS Eighty-three patients were enrolled in the study. At all time points, GDF-15 levels in the nonsurvivor group were significantly higher than those in the survivor group. In the analysis using the ROC curve for 28-day survival, the AUC of the GDF-15 value on the day of injury was 0.798, which was higher than those of % total body surface area, burn index, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score. GDF-15 levels correlated positively with SOFA score, and the relationship became stronger along with the time course of severe burn. CONCLUSIONS In the acute phase of severe burn, GDF-15 levels were associated with mortality and SOFA scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Onishi
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ebihara
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Togami
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsunehiro Matsubara
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisatake Matsumoto
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akinori Osuka
- Department of Trauma, Critical Care Medicine and Burn Center, Japan Community Health Care Organization Chukyo Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ogura
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Oda
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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141
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Lu WH, Giudici KV, Morley JE, Guyonnet S, Parini A, Aggarwal G, Nguyen AD, Li Y, Bateman RJ, Vellas B, de Souto Barreto P. Investigating the combination of plasma amyloid-beta and geroscience biomarkers on the incidence of clinically meaningful cognitive decline in older adults. GeroScience 2022; 44:1489-1503. [PMID: 35445358 PMCID: PMC9213609 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00554-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated combining a core AD neuropathology measure (plasma amyloid-beta [Aβ] 42/40) with five plasma markers of inflammation, cellular stress, and neurodegeneration to predict cognitive decline. Among 401 participants free of dementia (median [IQR] age, 76 [73-80] years) from the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT), 28 (7.0%) participants developed dementia, and 137 (34.2%) had worsening of clinical dementia rating (CDR) scale over 4 years. In the models utilizing plasma Aβ alone, a tenfold increased risk of incident dementia (nonsignificant) and a fivefold increased risk of worsening CDR were observed as each nature log unit increased in plasma Aβ levels. Models incorporating Aβ plus multiple plasma biomarkers performed similarly to models included Aβ alone in predicting dementia and CDR progression. However, improving Aβ model performance for composite cognitive score (CCS) decline, a proxy of dementia, was observed after including plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) as covariates. Participants with abnormal Aβ, GDF15, and MCP1 presented higher CCS decline (worsening cognitive function) compared to their normal-biomarker counterparts (adjusted β [95% CI], - 0.21 [- 0.35 to - 0.06], p = 0.005). In conclusion, our study found limited added values of multi-biomarkers beyond the basic Aβ models for predicting clinically meaningful cognitive decline among non-demented older adults. However, a combined assessment of inflammatory and cellular stress status with Aβ pathology through measuring plasma biomarkers may improve the evaluation of cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Hsuan Lu
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), 31000, Toulouse, France
- Inserm CERPOP - UMR1295, University of Toulouse III, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Kelly Virecoulon Giudici
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - John E Morley
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sophie Guyonnet
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), 31000, Toulouse, France
- Inserm CERPOP - UMR1295, University of Toulouse III, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Angelo Parini
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Inserm UMR 1048, University of Toulouse, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Geetika Aggarwal
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew D Nguyen
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Randall J Bateman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), 31000, Toulouse, France
- Inserm CERPOP - UMR1295, University of Toulouse III, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Philipe de Souto Barreto
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), 31000, Toulouse, France
- Inserm CERPOP - UMR1295, University of Toulouse III, 31000, Toulouse, France
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142
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Zhang BH, Yin F, Qiao YN, Guo SD. Triglyceride and Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins in Atherosclerosis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:909151. [PMID: 35693558 PMCID: PMC9174947 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.909151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still the leading cause of death globally, and atherosclerosis is the main pathological basis of CVDs. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a strong causal factor of atherosclerosis. However, the first-line lipid-lowering drugs, statins, only reduce approximately 30% of the CVD risk. Of note, atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) cannot be eliminated in a great number of patients even their LDL-C levels meet the recommended clinical goals. Previously, whether the elevated plasma level of triglyceride is causally associated with ASCVD has been controversial. Recent genetic and epidemiological studies have demonstrated that triglyceride and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TGRL) are the main causal risk factors of the residual ASCVD. TGRLs and their metabolites can promote atherosclerosis via modulating inflammation, oxidative stress, and formation of foam cells. In this article, we will make a short review of TG and TGRL metabolism, display evidence of association between TG and ASCVD, summarize the atherogenic factors of TGRLs and their metabolites, and discuss the current findings and advances in TG-lowering therapies. This review provides information useful for the researchers in the field of CVD as well as for pharmacologists and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ya-Nan Qiao
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Shou-Dong Guo
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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143
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Arinaga-Hino T, Ide T, Akiba J, Suzuki H, Kuwahara R, Amano K, Kawaguchi T, Sano T, Inoue E, Koga H, Mitsuyama K, Koga Y, Torimura T. Growth differentiation factor 15 as a novel diagnostic and therapeutic marker for autoimmune hepatitis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8759. [PMID: 35610317 PMCID: PMC9130300 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12762-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) has been reported to be associated with fibrosis and cancer in liver disease. Diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is often difficult because of the lack of specific markers. We investigated whether GDF15 is useful for diagnosing AIH and determined its therapeutic effects. We enrolled 171 Japanese patients as follows: AIH (n = 45), hepatitis B (HB) (n = 17), hepatitis C (HC) (n = 15), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) (n = 20), and 74 healthy controls. Serum GDF15 levels were measured, and immunohistological analyses of GDF15 were performed using liver tissue of AIH patients. (1) GDF15 levels (pg/ml) were higher in AIH (1994.3 ± 1258.0) and HC (1568.0 ± 822.3) than in HB (953.2 ± 871.4), PBC (643.9 ± 247.0), and controls (475.3 ± 145.3) (p < 0.0001), as well as in cirrhosis patients (n = 31) than in non-cirrhosis patients (n = 66) (1926.6 ± 1026.0 vs. 1249.1 ± 1124.1, p < 0.0001). In non-cirrhosis patients, GDF15 levels were higher in AIH (1914.0 ± 1327.2) than in HC (955.7 ± 502.7), HB (519.3 ± 197.5), and PBC (643.9 ± 247.0) (p < 0.0001). (2) GDF15 was positively correlated with M2BPGi (r = 0.7728), total bilirubin (r = 0.6231), and PT-INR (r = 0.6332). (3) GDF15 levels could be used to distinguish AIH from other liver diseases in non-cirrhosis patients, with an area under the curve of 0.9373 (sensitivity 93.6%, specificity 79.3%, cut-off value 931.3). (4) GDF15 in AIH decreased after treatment. (5) Immunohistological analyses in AIH liver tissues revealed that GDF15 was strongly expressed in inflammatory cells, hepatic cytoplasm, and sinusoidal endothelial cells, but decreased after treatment. GDF15 is a novel diagnostic marker for AIH and is also expected to be a therapeutic marker for AIH.Clinical Trials Registration: The study protocol was approved by the institutional review board of Kurume University (Approval No.: 19049).
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruko Arinaga-Hino
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Ide
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Jun Akiba
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Reiichiro Kuwahara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Keisuke Amano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kawaguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Tomoya Sano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Eisuke Inoue
- Showa University Research Administration Center, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Koga
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Keiichi Mitsuyama
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Koga
- Cognitive and Molecular Research Institute of Brain Diseases, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takuji Torimura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
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144
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Provenzano M, Maritati F, Abenavoli C, Bini C, Corradetti V, La Manna G, Comai G. Precision Nephrology in Patients with Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5719. [PMID: 35628528 PMCID: PMC9144494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure and specifically, diabetic kidney disease (DKD) occurs in up to 30% of all diabetic patients. Kidney disease attributed to diabetes is a major contributor to the global burden of the disease in terms of clinical and socio-economic impact, not only because of the risk of progression to End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD), but also because of the associated increase in cardiovascular (CV) risk. Despite the introduction of novel treatments that allow us to reduce the risk of future outcomes, a striking residual cardiorenal risk has been reported. This risk is explained by both the heterogeneity of DKD and the individual variability in response to nephroprotective treatments. Strategies that have been proposed to improve DKD patient care are to develop novel biomarkers that classify with greater accuracy patients with respect to their future risk (prognostic) and biomarkers that are able to predict the response to nephroprotective treatment (predictive). In this review, we summarize the principal prognostic biomarkers of type 1 and type 2 diabetes and the novel markers that help clinicians to individualize treatments and the basis of the characteristics that predict an optimal response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Provenzano
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS—Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.M.); (C.A.); (C.B.); (V.C.); (G.C.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gaetano La Manna
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS—Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.M.); (C.A.); (C.B.); (V.C.); (G.C.)
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145
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Shikuma A, Kami D, Maeda R, Suzuki Y, Sano A, Taya T, Ogata T, Konkel A, Matoba S, Schunck WH, Gojo S. Amelioration of Endotoxemia by a Synthetic Analog of Omega-3 Epoxyeicosanoids. Front Immunol 2022; 13:825171. [PMID: 35281027 PMCID: PMC8908263 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.825171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, a systemic inflammatory response to pathogenic factors, is a difficult to treat life-threatening condition associated with cytokine and eicosanoid storms and multi-organ damage. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid, are the precursors of potent anti-inflammatory lipid mediators, including 17,18-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (17,18-EEQ), the main metabolite of EPA generated by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases. Searching for novel therapeutic or preventative agents in sepsis, we tested a metabolically robust synthetic analog of 17,18-EEQ (EEQ-A) for its ability to reduce mortality, organ damage, and pro-inflammatory cytokine transcript level in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia, which is closely related to sepsis. Overall survival significantly improved following preventative EEQ-A administration along with decreased transcript level of pro-inflammatory cytokines. On the other hand, the therapeutic protocol was effective in improving survival at 48 hours but insignificant at 72 hours. Histopathological analyses showed significant reductions in hemorrhagic and necrotic damage and infiltration in the liver. In vitro studies with THP-1 and U937 cells showed EEQ-A mediated repression of LPS-induced M1 polarization and enhancement of IL-4-induced M2 polarization of macrophages. Moreover, EEQ-A attenuated the LPS-induced decline of mitochondrial function in THP-1 cells, as indicated by increased basal respiration and ATP production as well as reduction of the metabolic shift to glycolysis. Taken together, these data demonstrate that EEQ-A has potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties that may support therapeutic strategies for ameliorating the endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Shikuma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kami
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Maeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yosuke Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Arata Sano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Taya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takehiro Ogata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Satoaki Matoba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Gojo
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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146
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Seim GL, Fan J. A matter of time: temporal structure and functional relevance of macrophage metabolic rewiring. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:345-358. [PMID: 35331615 PMCID: PMC9010376 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The response of macrophages to stimulation is a dynamic process which coordinates the orderly adoption and resolution of various immune functions. Accumulating work over the past decade has demonstrated that during the immune response macrophage metabolism is substantially rewired to support important cellular processes, including the production of bioactive molecules, intercellular communication, and the regulation of intracellular signaling and transcriptional programming. In particular, we discuss an important concept emerging from recent studies - metabolic rewiring during the immune response is temporally structured. We review the regulatory mechanisms that drive the dynamic remodeling of metabolism, and examine the functional implications of these metabolic dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen L Seim
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jing Fan
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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147
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Almalki WH, Ghoneim MM, Alshehri S, Imam SS, Kazmi I, Gupta G. Sepsis triggered oxidative stress-inflammatory axis: the pathobiology of reprogramming in the normal sleep-wake cycle. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2203-2211. [PMID: 35451739 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04432-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In individuals with sepsis-related neurodegenerative illness, sleep and circadian rhythm disturbance are common. The alteration in genomic expression linked with the immune-directed oxidative stress-inflammatory axis is thought to cause these individuals' abnormal sleep. On the other hand, sleep is linked to normal brain activity through common neurotransmitter systems and regulatory mechanisms. Ailments (ranging from cognitive to metabolic abnormalities) are seldom related to aberrant sleep that is made worse by sleep disturbance, which throws off the body's sleep-wake cycle. PubMed/Springer link /Public library of science/ScienceDirect/ Mendeley/Medline and Google Scholar were used to find possibly relevant studies. For the literature search, many keywords were considered, both individually and in combination. 'Sepsis,' 'Epidemiology of sepsis,' 'Sepsis-related hyper inflammation,' 'Relationship of sepsis-associated clock gene expression and relationship of inflammation with the reprogramming of genetic alterations' were some of the key terms utilized in the literature search. Our main objective is to understand better how traumatic infections during sepsis affect CNS processes, particularly sleep, by investigating the pathobiology of circadian reprogramming associated with immune-directed oxidative stress-inflammatory pathway responsive gene expression and sleep-wake behaviour in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed M Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah, 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.,Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
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148
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Zhang X, Dong S. Protective effect of growth differentiation factor 15 in sepsis by regulating macrophage polarization and its mechanism. Bioengineered 2022; 13:9687-9707. [PMID: 35420978 PMCID: PMC9161903 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2059903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the protective effect of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) in sepsis by regulating macrophage polarization and its mechanism. The mouse macrophages were cultured and treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and some cells were intervened with GDF15 and LY294002. The proinflammatory activated (M1) macrophages and the anti-inflammatory activated (M2) macrophages were measured and observed, and the messenger RNA expression levels of their biomarkers, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and protein kinase B (Akt) were detected. The survival rate, cardiac function, and histopathological sections were observed. In the LPS group, after GDF15 intervention, the percentage of M1 macrophages decreased and M2 macrophages increased, the infiltration of monocytes/macrophages into the heart was inhibited, systemic and cardiac inflammation was reduced, and the survival time of the mice was prolonged. GDF15 regulated macrophage polarization and played an anti-inflammatory role by activating the phosphorylation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. In patients with sepsis, the serum GDF15 level increased and was closely related to the severity of the sepsis and the 28-day mortality rate and could be used as a prognostic marker of sepsis. GDF15 regulates macrophage polarization through activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and has a protective effect on survival and the cardiac function of patients with sepsis and sepsis mouse models. The increase in serum GDF15 level is closely related to severity and mortality in patients with sepsis and is therefore a prognostic marker of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinliang Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shimin Dong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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149
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Abstract
Nonresolving inflammation contributes to many diseases, including COVID-19 in its fatal and long forms. Our understanding of inflammation is rapidly evolving. Like the immune system of which it is a part, inflammation can now be seen as an interactive component of a homeostatic network with the endocrine and nervous systems. This review samples emerging insights regarding inflammatory memory, inflammatory aging, inflammatory cell death, inflammatory DNA, inflammation-regulating cells and metabolites, approaches to resolving or modulating inflammation, and inflammatory inequity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Nathan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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150
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Katsumura S, Siddiqui N, Goldsmith MR, Cheah JH, Fujikawa T, Minegishi G, Yamagata A, Yabuki Y, Kobayashi K, Shirouzu M, Inagaki T, Huang THM, Musi N, Topisirovic I, Larsson O, Morita M. Deadenylase-dependent mRNA decay of GDF15 and FGF21 orchestrates food intake and energy expenditure. Cell Metab 2022; 34:564-580.e8. [PMID: 35385705 PMCID: PMC9386786 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatokines, secretory proteins from the liver, mediate inter-organ communication to maintain a metabolic balance between food intake and energy expenditure. However, molecular mechanisms by which hepatokine levels are rapidly adjusted following stimuli are largely unknown. Here, we unravel how CNOT6L deadenylase switches off hepatokine expression after responding to stimuli (e.g., exercise and food) to orchestrate energy intake and expenditure. Mechanistically, CNOT6L inhibition stabilizes hepatic Gdf15 and Fgf21 mRNAs, increasing corresponding serum protein levels. The resulting upregulation of GDF15 stimulates the hindbrain to suppress appetite, while increased FGF21 affects the liver and adipose tissues to induce energy expenditure and lipid consumption. Despite the potential of hepatokines to treat metabolic disorders, their administration therapies have been challenging. Using small-molecule screening, we identified a CNOT6L inhibitor enhancing GDF15 and FGF21 hepatokine levels, which dramatically improves diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Our discovery, therefore, lays the foundation for an unprecedented strategy to treat metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakie Katsumura
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Nadeem Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | | | - Jaime H Cheah
- High Throughput Sciences Facility, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Teppei Fujikawa
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Genki Minegishi
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamagata
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yukako Yabuki
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kobayashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Mikako Shirouzu
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inagaki
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi-shi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
| | - Tim H-M Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Nicolas Musi
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; San Antonio Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ivan Topisirovic
- Lady Davis Institute, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Division of Experimental Medicine and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Ola Larsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Masahiro Morita
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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