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Felix JB, Cox AR, Hartig SM. Acetyl-CoA and Metabolite Fluxes Regulate White Adipose Tissue Expansion. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:320-332. [PMID: 33712368 PMCID: PMC8035226 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) depends on coordinated regulation of transcriptional and metabolic pathways to respond to whole-body energy demands. We highlight metabolites that contribute to biosynthetic reactions for WAT expansion. Recent studies have precisely defined how byproducts of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism affect physiological and endocrine functions in adipocytes. We emphasize the critical emerging roles of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites that connect lipogenesis to WAT energy balance and endocrine functions. These insights address how adipocytes use small molecules generated from central carbon metabolism to measure responses to nutritional stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B Felix
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aaron R Cox
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sean M Hartig
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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102
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Delcourt M, Delsinne V, Colet JM, Declèves AE, Tagliatti V. Investigation of Mitochondrial Adaptations to Modulation of Carbohydrate Supply during Adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 Cells by Targeted 1H-NMR Spectroscopy. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050662. [PMID: 33947124 PMCID: PMC8146760 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: White adipose tissue (WAT) is a dynamic and plastic tissue showing high sensitivity to carbohydrate supply. In such a context, the WAT may accordingly modulate its mitochondrial metabolic activity. We previously demonstrated that a partial replacement of glucose by galactose in a culture medium of 3T3-L1 cells leads to a poorer adipogenic yield and improved global mitochondrial health. In the present study, we investigate key mitochondrial metabolic actors reflecting mitochondrial adaptation in response to different carbohydrate supplies. (2) Methods: The metabolome of 3T3-L1 cells was investigated during the differentiation process using different glucose/galactose ratios and by a targeted approach using 1H-NMR (Proton nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy; (3) Results: Our findings indicate a reduction of adipogenic and metabolic overload markers under the low glucose/galactose condition. In addition, a remodeling of the mitochondrial function triggers the secretion of metabolites with signaling and systemic energetical homeostasis functions. Finally, this study also sheds light on a new way to consider the mitochondrial metabolic function by considering noncarbohydrates related pathways reflecting both healthier cellular and mitochondrial adaptation mechanisms; (4) Conclusions: Different carbohydrates supplies induce deep mitochondrial metabolic and function adaptations leading to overall adipocytes function and profile remodeling during the adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Delcourt
- Metabolic and Molecular Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, UMONS, 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium;
- Human Biology and Toxicology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, UMONS, 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (V.D.); (J.-M.C.); (V.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-(0)65-373506
| | - Virginie Delsinne
- Human Biology and Toxicology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, UMONS, 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (V.D.); (J.-M.C.); (V.T.)
| | - Jean-Marie Colet
- Human Biology and Toxicology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, UMONS, 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (V.D.); (J.-M.C.); (V.T.)
| | - Anne-Emilie Declèves
- Metabolic and Molecular Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, UMONS, 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium;
| | - Vanessa Tagliatti
- Human Biology and Toxicology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, UMONS, 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (V.D.); (J.-M.C.); (V.T.)
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103
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Xu W, Li C, Ma B, Lu Z, Wang Y, Jiang H, Luo Y, Yang Y, Wang X, Liao T, Ji Q, Wang Y, Wei W. Identification of Key Functional Gene Signatures Indicative of Dedifferentiation in Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:641851. [PMID: 33996555 PMCID: PMC8113627 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.641851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer. Many of them can relapse to dedifferentiated thyroid cancer (DDTC) and exhibit different gene expression profiles. The underlying mechanism of dedifferentiation and the involved genes or pathways remained to be investigated. Methods: A discovery cohort obtained from patients who received surgical resection in the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) and two validation cohorts derived from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used to screen out differentially expressed genes in the dedifferentiation process. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was constructed to identify modules highly related to differentiation. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to identify pathways related to differentiation, and all differentially expressed genes were grouped by function based on the GSEA and literature reviewing data. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis was used to control the number of variables in each group. Next, we used logistic regression to build a gene signature in each group to indicate differentiation status, and we computed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to evaluate the indicative performance of each signature. Results: A total of 307 upregulated and 313 downregulated genes in poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC) compared with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and normal thyroid (NT) were screened out in FUSCC cohort and validated in two GEO cohorts. WGCNA of 620 differential genes yielded the seven core genes with the highest correlation with thyroid differentiation score (TDS). Furthermore, 395 genes significantly correlated with TDS in univariate logistic regression analysis were divided into 11 groups. The areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) of the gene signature of group transcription and epigenetic modification, signal and substance transport, extracellular matrix (ECM), and metabolism in the training set [The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort] and validation set (combined GEO cohort) were both >0.75. The gene signature based on group transcription and epigenetic modification, cilia formation and movement, and proliferation can reflect the patient's disease recurrence state. Conclusion: The dedifferentiation of DTC is affected by a variety of mechanisms including many genes. The gene signature of group transcription and epigenetic modification, signal and substance transport, ECM, and metabolism can be used as biomarkers for DDTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Xu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuiwei Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ben Ma
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongwu Lu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyi Jiang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichen Yang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Liao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghai Ji
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Wei
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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104
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Huo J, Wu L, Zang Y. Development and Validation of a Metabolic-related Prognostic Model for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2021; 9:169-179. [PMID: 34007798 PMCID: PMC8111106 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2020.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Growing evidence suggests that metabolic-related genes have a significant impact on the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the prognostic value of metabolic-related genes for HCC has not been fully revealed. METHODS mRNA sequencing and clinical data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the GTEx Genotype-Tissue Expression comprehensive database. Differentially expressed metabolic-related genes in tumor tissues (n=374) and normal tissues (n=160) were identified by the Wilcoxon test. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, univariate multivariate Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used to evaluate the predictive effectiveness and independence of the prognostic model. Two independent cohorts (International Cancer Genome Consortiums and GSE14520) were applied to verify the prognostic model. RESULTS Our study included a total of 793 patients with HCC. We constructed a risk score consisting of five metabolic-genes (BDH1, RRM2, CYP2C9, PLA2G7, and TXNRD1). For the overall survival rate, the low-risk group had a considerably higher rate than the high-risk group. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses indicated that the risk score was an independent predictor for the prognosis of HCC. CONCLUSIONS We constructed and validated a novel prognostic model, which may provide support for the precise treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liqun Wu
- Correspondence to: Liqun Wu, Liver Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China. Tel: +86-18661809789, Fax: +86-532-82913225, E-mail:
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105
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RYGB Is More Effective than VSG at Protecting Mice from Prolonged High-Fat Diet Exposure: An Occasion to Roll Up Our Sleeves? Obes Surg 2021; 31:3227-3241. [PMID: 33856636 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-021-05389-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Understanding the effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) on adipose tissue physiology is important for the treatment of obesity-related metabolic disorders. By using robust mouse models of bariatric surgery that closely resemble those performed in humans, we can compare the effects of RYGB and VSG on adipose physiology in the absence of post-operative confounds such as diet and lifestyle changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS RYGB and VSG were compared using a diet-induced mouse model of obesity. High-fat diet (HFD) was administered post-operatively and changes to white and brown adipose tissue were evaluated, along with alterations to weight, glucose homeostasis, dyslipidemia, and insulin sensitivity. RESULTS After prolonged exposure to high-fat diet post-operatively, RYGB was effective in achieving sustained weight loss, while VSG unexpectedly accelerated weight gain rates. The resolution of obesity-related comorbidities such as glucose and insulin intolerance, dyslipidemia, and insulin sensitivity was improved after RYGB, but not for VSG. In RYGB, there were improvements to the function and health of white adipose tissue, enhanced brown adipose metabolism, and the browning of subcutaneous white adipose tissue, with no comparable changes seen for these factors after VSG. Some markers of systemic inflammation improved after both RYGB and VSG. CONCLUSION There are significantly different effects between RYGB and VSG when HFD is administered post-operatively and robust mouse models of bariatric surgery are used. RYGB resulted in lasting physiological and metabolic changes but VSG showed little difference from that of its sham-operated, DIO counterpart.
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106
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Vogrinc D, Goričar K, Dolžan V. Genetic Variability in Molecular Pathways Implicated in Alzheimer's Disease: A Comprehensive Review. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:646901. [PMID: 33815092 PMCID: PMC8012500 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.646901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease, affecting a significant part of the population. The majority of AD cases occur in the elderly with a typical age of onset of the disease above 65 years. AD presents a major burden for the healthcare system and since population is rapidly aging, the burden of the disease will increase in the future. However, no effective drug treatment for a full-blown disease has been developed to date. The genetic background of AD is extensively studied; numerous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified significant genes associated with increased risk of AD development. This review summarizes more than 100 risk loci. Many of them may serve as biomarkers of AD progression, even in the preclinical stage of the disease. Furthermore, we used GWAS data to identify key pathways of AD pathogenesis: cellular processes, metabolic processes, biological regulation, localization, transport, regulation of cellular processes, and neurological system processes. Gene clustering into molecular pathways can provide background for identification of novel molecular targets and may support the development of tailored and personalized treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vita Dolžan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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107
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Transcriptome analysis reveals brown adipogenic reprogramming in chemical compound-induced brown adipocytes converted from human dermal fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5061. [PMID: 33658606 PMCID: PMC7930091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84611-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipogenesis contributes to controlling systemic energy balance by enhancing glucose and lipid consumptions. We have previously reported chemical compound-induced brown adipocytes (ciBAs) directly converted from human dermal fibroblasts using a serum-free medium. In this study, genome-wide transcriptional analysis was performed in ciBAs in comparison with the control fibroblasts. A broad range of integrated gene expression was enhanced in functional groups including tricarboxylic acid cycle, electron transfer chain, triglycerides metabolism, fatty acid and glucose metabolism, and adaptive thermogenesis. The results suggested that the chemical conversion underwent metabolic and mitochondrial reprogramming closely associated with functions in brown/beige adipocytes. Moreover, we also compared the transcriptional changes to those of adipocyte browning in adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs). Transcriptome analysis indicated that the same sets of metabolic and mitochondria-related genes were similarly changed in the adipocyte browning. Interestingly, ciBAs more expressed Ucp1, while AdMSC-derived adipocytes predominantly expressed Ucp2. UCP1 protein was also more expressed in ciBAs than in AdMSC-derived adipocytes. Based on the evidence that UCP1, but not UCP2, is responsible for adrenergic thermogenesis, ciBAs could be a promising model for human beige adipocytes applicable for basic research, drug development, and clinical uses.
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108
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Von Bank H, Hurtado-Thiele M, Oshimura N, Simcox J. Mitochondrial Lipid Signaling and Adaptive Thermogenesis. Metabolites 2021; 11:124. [PMID: 33671745 PMCID: PMC7926967 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermogenesis is an energy demanding process by which endotherms produce heat to maintain their body temperature in response to cold exposure. Mitochondria in the brown and beige adipocytes play a key role in thermogenesis, as the site for uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which allows for the diffusion of protons through the mitochondrial inner membrane to produce heat. To support this energy demanding process, the mitochondria in brown and beige adipocytes increase oxidation of glucose, amino acids, and lipids. This review article explores the various mitochondria-produced and processed lipids that regulate thermogenesis including cardiolipins, free fatty acids, and acylcarnitines. These lipids play a number of roles in thermogenic adipose tissue including structural support of UCP1, transcriptional regulation, fuel source, and activation of cell signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Judith Simcox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (H.V.B.); (M.H.-T.); (N.O.)
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109
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Shao M, Hepler C, Zhang Q, Shan B, Vishvanath L, Henry GH, Zhao S, An YA, Wu Y, Strand DW, Gupta RK. Pathologic HIF1α signaling drives adipose progenitor dysfunction in obesity. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:685-701.e7. [PMID: 33539723 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Adipose precursor cells (APCs) exhibit regional variation in response to obesity, for unclear reasons. Here, we reveal that HIFα-induced PDGFRβ signaling within murine white adipose tissue (WAT) PDGFRβ+ cells drives inhibitory serine 112 (S112) phosphorylation of PPARγ, the master regulator of adipogenesis. Levels of PPARγ S112 phosphorylation in WAT PDGFRβ+ cells are depot dependent, with levels of PPARγ phosphorylation in PDGFRβ+ cells inversely correlating with their capacity for adipogenesis upon high-fat-diet feeding. HIFα suppression in PDGFRβ+ progenitors promotes subcutaneous and intra-abdominal adipogenesis, healthy WAT remodeling, and improved metabolic health in obesity. These metabolic benefits are mimicked by treatment of obese mice with the PDGFR antagonist Imatinib, which promotes adipocyte hyperplasia and glucose tolerance in a progenitor cell PPARγ-dependent manner. Our studies unveil a mechanism underlying depot-specific responses of APCs to high-fat feeding and highlight the potential for APCs to be targeted pharmacologically to improve metabolic health in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengle Shao
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chelsea Hepler
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Qianbin Zhang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Bo Shan
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lavanya Vishvanath
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Gervaise H Henry
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shangang Zhao
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yu A An
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yibo Wu
- YCI Laboratory for Next-Generation Proteomics, RIKEN Center of Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Douglas W Strand
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rana K Gupta
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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110
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Brown Adipose Tissue and Its Role in Insulin and Glucose Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041530. [PMID: 33546400 PMCID: PMC7913527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased worldwide prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance, and their related metabolic complications have prompted the scientific world to search for new possibilities to combat obesity. Brown adipose tissue (BAT), due to its unique protein uncoupling protein 1 (UPC1) in the inner membrane of the mitochondria, has been acknowledged as a promising approach to increase energy expenditure. Activated brown adipocytes dissipate energy, resulting in heat production. In other words, BAT burns fat and increases the metabolic rate, promoting a negative energy balance. Moreover, BAT alleviates metabolic complications like dyslipidemia, impaired insulin secretion, and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. The aim of this review is to explore the role of BAT in total energy expenditure, as well as lipid and glucose homeostasis, and to discuss new possible activators of brown adipose tissue in humans to treat obesity and metabolic disorders.
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111
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Chen HJ, Meng T, Gao PJ, Ruan CC. The Role of Brown Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in the Development of Cardiovascular Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:652246. [PMID: 34113316 PMCID: PMC8185286 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.652246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT), consisted of brown adipocytes and stromal vascular fraction, which includes endothelial cells, lymphocytes, fibroblasts and stem cells, plays a vital role in regulating cardiovascular health and diseases. As a thermogenic organ, BAT can influence body through strengthening energy expenditure by promoting glucose and lipid metabolism. In addition, BAT is also an endocrine organ which is able to secret adipokines in an autocrine and/or paracrine fashion. BAT plays a protective role in cardiovascular system through attenuating cardiac remodeling and suppressing inflammatory response. In this review, we summarize the advances from the discovery of BAT to the present and provide an overview on the role of BAT dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jin Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Meng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping-Jin Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Chao Ruan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Cheng-Chao Ruan,
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112
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Peng H, Guo Q, Su T, Xiao Y, Li CJ, Huang Y, Luo XH. Identification of SCARA3 with potential roles in metabolic disorders. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:2149-2167. [PMID: 33318306 PMCID: PMC7880357 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by the expansion of adipose tissue which is partially modulated by adipogenesis. In the present study, we identified five differentially expressed genes by incorporating two adipogenesis-related datasets from the GEO database and their correlation with adipogenic markers. However, the role of scavenger receptor class A member 3 (SCARA3) in obesity-related disorders has been rarely reported. We found that Scara3 expression in old adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs) was lower than it in young Ad-MSCs. Obese mice caused by deletion of the leptin receptor gene (db/db) or by a high-fat diet both showed reduced Scara3 expression in inguinal white adipose tissue. Moreover, hypermethylation of SCARA3 was observed in patients with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. Data from the CTD database indicated that SCARA3 is a potential target for metabolic diseases. Mechanistically, JUN was predicted as a transcriptional factor of SCARA3 in different databases which is consistent with our further bioinformatics analysis. Collectively, our study suggested that SCARA3 is potentially associated with age-related metabolic dysfunction, which provided new insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of obesity as well as other obesity-associated metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tian Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ye Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chang-Jun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang-Hang Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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113
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Michel LYM, Farah C, Balligand JL. The Beta3 Adrenergic Receptor in Healthy and Pathological Cardiovascular Tissues. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122584. [PMID: 33276630 PMCID: PMC7761574 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The third isotype of beta-adrenoreceptors (β3-AR) has recently come (back) into focus after the observation of its expression in white and beige human adipocytes and its implication in metabolic regulation. This coincides with the recent development and marketing of agonists at the human receptor with superior specificity. Twenty years ago, however, we and others described the expression of β3-AR in human myocardium and its regulation of contractility and cardiac remodeling. Subsequent work from many laboratories has since expanded the characterization of β3-AR involvement in many aspects of cardiovascular physio(patho)logy, justifying the present effort to update current paradigms under the light of the most recent evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Y. M. Michel
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, B1.57.04, 57 Avenue Hippocrate, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.Y.M.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Charlotte Farah
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, B1.57.04, 57 Avenue Hippocrate, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.Y.M.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Jean-Luc Balligand
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, B1.57.04, 57 Avenue Hippocrate, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.Y.M.M.); (C.F.)
- Department of Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, 10 Avenue Hippocrate, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-27645262
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114
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Guo Q, Guo Q, Xiao Y, Li C, Huang Y, Luo X. Regulation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell fate by long non-coding RNA. Bone 2020; 141:115617. [PMID: 32853852 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are progenitor cells isolated from bone marrow, which keep potential to differentiate into several kinds of cells including osteoblasts and adipocytes. A dynamic mutual regulation exists between osteogenesis and adipogenesis processes. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) performs diverse functions in biological activities including regulation of BMSCs commitment. Evidence has shown that lncRNA regulates key signaling pathways including TGFβ/BMP, Wnt and Notch pathways, and several transcription factors in BMSCs differention. Dysregulation of lncRNA in BMSCs leads to disruption of osteo-adipogenesis difffrentiation and results in impairment of bone homeostasis. In this review, we focus on the role of lncRNA in several critical signaling pathways that involved in regulation of osteo-adipogenesis of BMSC and prospects the potential clinical application of lncRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyue Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Ye Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Changjun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xianghang Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.
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115
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Li VL, Kim JT, Long JZ. Adipose Tissue Lipokines: Recent Progress and Future Directions. Diabetes 2020; 69:2541-2548. [PMID: 33219098 PMCID: PMC7679773 DOI: 10.2337/dbi20-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Beyond classical metabolic functions in energy storage and energy expenditure, adipose tissue is also a dynamic endocrine organ that secretes bioactive factors into blood plasma. Historically, studies of the adipose secretome have predominantly focused on polypeptide adipokines. Recently, adipose-derived blood-borne lipids ("lipokines") have emerged as a distinct class of endocrine factors. Lipokines are intimately connected to intracellular pathways of fatty acid metabolism and therefore uniquely poised to communicate the intracellular energy status of adipocytes to other nonadipose tissues including liver, muscle, and pancreas. Here, we discuss recent progress on our understanding of adipose-secreted lipokines as endocrine regulators of glucose and lipid metabolism. We also provide our perspective on future directions for adipose-secreted lipids, including limitations of the currently available experimental data as well as potential strategies for addressing the remaining open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica L Li
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Joon T Kim
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Jonathan Z Long
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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116
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Ha CWY, Martin A, Sepich-Poore GD, Shi B, Wang Y, Gouin K, Humphrey G, Sanders K, Ratnayake Y, Chan KSL, Hendrick G, Caldera JR, Arias C, Moskowitz JE, Ho Sui SJ, Yang S, Underhill D, Brady MJ, Knott S, Kaihara K, Steinbaugh MJ, Li H, McGovern DPB, Knight R, Fleshner P, Devkota S. Translocation of Viable Gut Microbiota to Mesenteric Adipose Drives Formation of Creeping Fat in Humans. Cell 2020; 183:666-683.e17. [PMID: 32991841 PMCID: PMC7521382 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A mysterious feature of Crohn's disease (CD) is the extra-intestinal manifestation of "creeping fat" (CrF), defined as expansion of mesenteric adipose tissue around the inflamed and fibrotic intestine. In the current study, we explore whether microbial translocation in CD serves as a central cue for CrF development. We discovered a subset of mucosal-associated gut bacteria that consistently translocated and remained viable in CrF in CD ileal surgical resections, and identified Clostridium innocuum as a signature of this consortium with strain variation between mucosal and adipose isolates, suggesting preference for lipid-rich environments. Single-cell RNA sequencing characterized CrF as both pro-fibrotic and pro-adipogenic with a rich milieu of activated immune cells responding to microbial stimuli, which we confirm in gnotobiotic mice colonized with C. innocuum. Ex vivo validation of expression patterns suggests C. innocuum stimulates tissue remodeling via M2 macrophages, leading to an adipose tissue barrier that serves to prevent systemic dissemination of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie W Y Ha
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Anthony Martin
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Gregory D Sepich-Poore
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Baochen Shi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Applied Genomics, Computation and Translational Core, Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Kenneth Gouin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Applied Genomics, Computation and Translational Core, Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Gregory Humphrey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Karenina Sanders
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | | | - Gustaf Hendrick
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - J R Caldera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Christian Arias
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jacob E Moskowitz
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Shannan J Ho Sui
- Harvard Chan Bioinformatics Core, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shaohong Yang
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - David Underhill
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Matthew J Brady
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Simon Knott
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Applied Genomics, Computation and Translational Core, Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | | | - Michael J Steinbaugh
- Harvard Chan Bioinformatics Core, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Huiying Li
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dermot P B McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Phillip Fleshner
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Suzanne Devkota
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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117
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Ferrero R, Rainer P, Deplancke B. Toward a Consensus View of Mammalian Adipocyte Stem and Progenitor Cell Heterogeneity. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:937-950. [PMID: 33148396 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) is a cellularly heterogeneous endocrine organ that not only serves as an energy reservoir, but also actively participates in metabolic homeostasis. Among the main constituents of adipose tissue are adipocytes, which arise from adipose stem and progenitor cells (ASPCs). While it is well known that these ASPCs reside in the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of adipose tissue, their molecular heterogeneity and functional diversity is still poorly understood. Driven by the resolving power of single-cell transcriptomics, several recent studies provided new insights into the cellular complexity of ASPCs among different mammalian fat depots. In this review, we present current knowledge on ASPCs, their population structure, hierarchy, fat depot-specific nature, function, and regulatory mechanisms, and discuss not only the similarities, but also the differences between mouse and human ASPC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radiana Ferrero
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pernille Rainer
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bart Deplancke
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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118
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A long non-coding RNA specifically expressed in early embryos programs the metabolic balance in adult mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1867:165988. [PMID: 33059001 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Many Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are specifically expressed in early embryos, but the physiological functions of most of them remain largely unknown. Here, we show that deficiency of lncenc1, an early embryo-specific lncRNA, altering glucose and lipid balance in adult mice. Newly weaned lncenc1-deficient mice prefer to use lipids as a fuel source. When mice were fed a normal chow diet (NCD), glucose intolerance and insulin resistance were observed in adult lncenc1-deficient mice. Under high-fat diet (HFD) conditions, however, lncenc1-deficient mice became healthier and could resist food-induced obesity and metabolic disturbances. Furthermore, AKT/mTOR-regulated lipogenesis in liver was reduced in lncenc1-deficient mice fed a HFD. MEFs lacking lncenc1 showed impaired glycolysis and lipogenesis, suggesting that the metabolic defects may already exist in embryos. Our study demonstrated the essential roles of lncenc1 in adult metabolism, providing experimental data that support the "fetal origin" of adult metabolic disorders.
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119
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Rodríguez-Cano MM, González-Gómez MJ, Sánchez-Solana B, Monsalve EM, Díaz-Guerra MJM, Laborda J, Nueda ML, Baladrón V. NOTCH Receptors and DLK Proteins Enhance Brown Adipogenesis in Mesenchymal C3H10T1/2 Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092032. [PMID: 32899774 PMCID: PMC7565505 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The NOTCH family of receptors and ligands is involved in numerous cell differentiation processes, including adipogenesis. We recently showed that overexpression of each of the four NOTCH receptors in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes enhances adipogenesis and modulates the acquisition of the mature adipocyte phenotype. We also revealed that DLK proteins modulate the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and mesenchymal C3H10T1/2 cells in an opposite way, despite their function as non-canonical inhibitory ligands of NOTCH receptors. In this work, we used multipotent C3H10T1/2 cells as an adipogenic model. We used standard adipogenic procedures and analyzed different parameters by using quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), luciferase, Western blot, and metabolic assays. We revealed that C3H10T1/2 multipotent cells show higher levels of NOTCH receptors expression and activity and lower Dlk gene expression levels than 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. We found that the overexpression of NOTCH receptors enhanced C3H10T1/2 adipogenesis levels, and the overexpression of NOTCH receptors and DLK (DELTA-like homolog) proteins modulated the conversion of cells towards a brown-like adipocyte phenotype. These and our prior results with 3T3-L1 preadipocytes strengthen the idea that, depending on the cellular context, a precise and highly regulated level of global NOTCH signaling is necessary to allow adipogenesis and determine the mature adipocyte phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Milagros Rodríguez-Cano
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia/CRIB/Unidad de Biomedicina, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC, C/Almansa 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.-M.R.-C.); (M.-J.G.-G.)
| | - María-Julia González-Gómez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia/CRIB/Unidad de Biomedicina, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC, C/Almansa 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.-M.R.-C.); (M.-J.G.-G.)
| | - Beatriz Sánchez-Solana
- National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Eva-María Monsalve
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete/CRIB/Unidad de Biomedicina, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC, C/Almansa 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (E.-M.M.); (M.-J.M.D.-G.)
| | - María-José M. Díaz-Guerra
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete/CRIB/Unidad de Biomedicina, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC, C/Almansa 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (E.-M.M.); (M.-J.M.D.-G.)
| | - Jorge Laborda
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia/CRIB/Unidad de Biomedicina, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC, C/Almansa 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.-M.R.-C.); (M.-J.G.-G.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (M.-L.N.); (V.B.); Tel.: +34-967-599-200 (ext. 2926) (V.B.); Fax: +34-967-599-327 (V.B.)
| | - María-Luisa Nueda
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia/CRIB/Unidad de Biomedicina, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC, C/Almansa 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.-M.R.-C.); (M.-J.G.-G.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (M.-L.N.); (V.B.); Tel.: +34-967-599-200 (ext. 2926) (V.B.); Fax: +34-967-599-327 (V.B.)
| | - Victoriano Baladrón
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete/CRIB/Unidad de Biomedicina, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC, C/Almansa 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (E.-M.M.); (M.-J.M.D.-G.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (M.-L.N.); (V.B.); Tel.: +34-967-599-200 (ext. 2926) (V.B.); Fax: +34-967-599-327 (V.B.)
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120
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Panic V, Pearson S, Banks J, Tippetts TS, Velasco-Silva JN, Lee S, Simcox J, Geoghegan G, Bensard CL, van Ry T, Holland WL, Summers SA, Cox J, Ducker GS, Rutter J, Villanueva CJ. Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier is required for optimal brown fat thermogenesis. eLife 2020; 9:e52558. [PMID: 32795388 PMCID: PMC7476754 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is composed of thermogenic cells that convert chemical energy into heat to maintain a constant body temperature and counteract metabolic disease. The metabolic adaptations required for thermogenesis are not fully understood. Here, we explore how steady state levels of metabolic intermediates are altered in brown adipose tissue in response to cold exposure. Transcriptome and metabolome analysis revealed changes in pathways involved in amino acid, glucose, and TCA cycle metabolism. Using isotopic labeling experiments, we found that activated brown adipocytes increased labeling of pyruvate and TCA cycle intermediates from U13C-glucose. Although glucose oxidation has been implicated as being essential for thermogenesis, its requirement for efficient thermogenesis has not been directly tested. We show that mitochondrial pyruvate uptake is essential for optimal thermogenesis, as conditional deletion of Mpc1 in brown adipocytes leads to impaired cold adaptation. Isotopic labeling experiments using U13C-glucose showed that loss of MPC1 led to impaired labeling of TCA cycle intermediates. Loss of MPC1 in BAT increased 3-hydroxybutyrate levels in blood and BAT in response to the cold, suggesting that ketogenesis provides an alternative fuel source to compensate. Collectively, these studies highlight that complete glucose oxidation is essential for optimal brown fat thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanja Panic
- Department of Biochemistry, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Stephanie Pearson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - James Banks
- Department of Biochemistry, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Trevor S Tippetts
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | | | - Sanghoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Judith Simcox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Gisela Geoghegan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Claire L Bensard
- Department of Biochemistry, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Tyler van Ry
- Department of Biochemistry, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Will L Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Scott A Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - James Cox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Gregory S Ducker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Jared Rutter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Claudio J Villanueva
- Department of Biochemistry, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
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121
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Verma N, Thakkar N, Phillips J, Ealey K, Sung HK. Dynamic remodeling of white adipose tissue by intermittent fasting. Curr Opin Food Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2020.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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122
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Knights AJ, Wu J, Tseng YH. The Heating Microenvironment: Intercellular Cross Talk Within Thermogenic Adipose Tissue. Diabetes 2020; 69:1599-1604. [PMID: 32690661 PMCID: PMC7372068 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue serves as the body's primary energy storage site; however, findings in recent decades have transformed our understanding of the multifaceted roles of this adaptable organ. The ability of adipose tissue to undergo energy expenditure through heat generation is termed adaptive thermogenesis, a process carried out by thermogenic adipocytes. Adipocytes are the primary parenchymal cell type in adipose tissue, yet these cells are sustained within a rich stromal vascular microenvironment comprised of adipose stem cells and progenitors, immune cells, neuronal cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. Intricate cross talk between these diverse cell types is essential in regulating the activation of thermogenic fat, and the past decade has shed significant light on how this intercellular communication functions. This review will draw upon recent findings and current perspectives on the sophisticated repertoire of cellular and molecular features that comprise the adipose thermogenic milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Wu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
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Mendez-Gutierrez A, Osuna-Prieto FJ, Aguilera CM, Ruiz JR, Sanchez-Delgado G. Endocrine Mechanisms Connecting Exercise to Brown Adipose Tissue Metabolism: a Human Perspective. Curr Diab Rep 2020; 20:40. [PMID: 32725289 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-020-01319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the state-of-the-art regarding the exercise-regulated endocrine signals that might modulate brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity and/or white adipose tissue (WAT) browning, or through which BAT communicates with other tissues, in humans. RECENT FINDINGS Exercise induces WAT browning in rodents by means of a variety of physiological mechanism. However, whether exercise induces WAT browning in humans is still unknown. Nonetheless, a number of protein hormones and metabolites, whose signaling can influence thermogenic adipocyte's metabolism, are secreted during and/or after exercise in humans from a variety of tissues and organs, such as the skeletal muscle, the adipose tissue, the liver, the adrenal glands, or the cardiac muscle. Overall, it seems plausible to hypothesize that, in humans, exercise secretes an endocrine cocktail that is likely to induce WAT browning, as it does in rodents. However, even if exercise elicits a pro-browning endocrine response, this might result in a negligible effect if blood flow is restricted in thermogenic adipocyte-rich areas during exercise, which is still to be determined. Future studies are needed to fully characterize the exercise-induced secretion (i.e., to determine the effect of the different exercise frequency, intensity, type, time, and volume) of endocrine signaling molecules that might modulate BAT activity and/or WAT browning or through which BAT communicates with other tissues, during exercise. The exercise effect on BAT metabolism and/or WAT browning could be one of the still unknown mechanisms by which exercise exerts beneficial health effects, and it might be pharmacologically mimicked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mendez-Gutierrez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Biohealth Research Institute in Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Osuna-Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Technology Centre for Functional Food Research and Development (CIDAF), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Concepcion M Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Biohealth Research Institute in Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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124
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Biomarkers of Browning in Cold Exposed Siberian Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082162. [PMID: 32707748 PMCID: PMC7468804 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold-exposure promotes energy expenditure by inducing brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, which over time, is also sustained by browning, the appearance, or increase, of brown-like cells into white fat depots. Identification of circulating markers reflecting BAT activity and browning is crucial to study this phenomenon and its triggers, also holding possible implications for the therapy of obesity and metabolic diseases. Using RT-qPCR, we evaluated the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) expression profile of regulators of BAT activity (CIDEA, PRDM16), white adipocytes browning (HOXC9 and SLC27A1), and fatty acid β-oxidation (CPT1A) in 150 Siberian healthy miners living at extremely cold temperatures compared to 29 healthy subjects living in thermoneutral conditions. Anthropometric parameters, glucose, and lipid profiles were also assessed. The cold-exposed group showed significantly lower weight, BMI, hip circumference, and PBMC expression of CIDEA, but higher expression of HOXC9 and higher circulating glucose compared to controls. Within the cold-exposed group, BMI, total cholesterol, and the atherogenic coefficient were lower in individuals exposed to low temperatures for a longer time. In conclusion, human PBMC expresses the brown adipocytes marker CIDEA and the browning marker HOXC9, which, varying according to cold-exposure, possibly reflect changes in BAT activation and white fat browning.
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125
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Reinisch I, Schreiber R, Prokesch A. Regulation of thermogenic adipocytes during fasting and cold. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 512:110869. [PMID: 32439414 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cold exposure activates brown and brown-like adipocytes that dissipate large amounts of glucose and fatty acids via uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) to drive non-shivering thermogenesis (NST). Evidence for the existence of these thermogenic adipocytes in adult humans gave rise to a renaissance in research on brown adipose tissue, establishing it as linchpin of energy homeostasis and metabolic health. Besides low ambient temperature, shortage or excess of food affect thermoregulation. Upon high caloric meals thermogenic adipocytes burn excess calories and maintain energy balance. In contrast, in conditions of nutrient deprivation, counter-regulatory mechanisms prevent thermogenic adipocytes from "wasting" energy substrates that need to be conserved. In this review, we discuss cell-autonomous mechanisms, metabolites, and hormones that modify NST in response to nutrient fluctuations. In particular, we focus on how thermogenic adipocytes balance thermogenesis with systemic energy homeostasis during fasting periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Reinisch
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism & Aging, Medical University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Renate Schreiber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Prokesch
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism & Aging, Medical University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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126
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Pyrina I, Chung KJ, Michailidou Z, Koutsilieris M, Chavakis T, Chatzigeorgiou A. Fate of Adipose Progenitor Cells in Obesity-Related Chronic Inflammation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:644. [PMID: 32760729 PMCID: PMC7372115 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose progenitor cells, or preadipocytes, constitute a small population of immature cells within the adipose tissue. They are a heterogeneous group of cells, in which different subtypes have a varying degree of commitment toward diverse cell fates, contributing to white and beige adipogenesis, fibrosis or maintenance of an immature cell phenotype with proliferation capacity. Mature adipocytes as well as cells of the immune system residing in the adipose tissue can modulate the function and differentiation potential of preadipocytes in a contact- and/or paracrine-dependent manner. In the course of obesity, the accumulation of immune cells within the adipose tissue contributes to the development of a pro-inflammatory microenvironment in the tissue. Under such circumstances, the crosstalk between preadipocytes and immune or parenchymal cells of the adipose tissue may critically regulate the differentiation of preadipocytes into white adipocytes, beige adipocytes, or myofibroblasts, thereby influencing adipose tissue expansion and adipose tissue dysfunction, including downregulation of beige adipogenesis and development of fibrosis. The present review will outline the current knowledge about factors shaping cell fate decisions of adipose progenitor cells in the context of obesity-related inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Pyrina
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kyoung-Jin Chung
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Zoi Michailidou
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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127
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Oguri Y, Shinoda K, Kim H, Alba DL, Bolus WR, Wang Q, Brown Z, Pradhan RN, Tajima K, Yoneshiro T, Ikeda K, Chen Y, Cheang RT, Tsujino K, Kim CR, Greiner VJ, Datta R, Yang CD, Atabai K, McManus MT, Koliwad SK, Spiegelman BM, Kajimura S. CD81 Controls Beige Fat Progenitor Cell Growth and Energy Balance via FAK Signaling. Cell 2020; 182:563-577.e20. [PMID: 32615086 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissues dynamically remodel their cellular composition in response to external cues by stimulating beige adipocyte biogenesis; however, the developmental origin and pathways regulating this process remain insufficiently understood owing to adipose tissue heterogeneity. Here, we employed single-cell RNA-seq and identified a unique subset of adipocyte progenitor cells (APCs) that possessed the cell-intrinsic plasticity to give rise to beige fat. This beige APC population is proliferative and marked by cell-surface proteins, including PDGFRα, Sca1, and CD81. Notably, CD81 is not only a beige APC marker but also required for de novo beige fat biogenesis following cold exposure. CD81 forms a complex with αV/β1 and αV/β5 integrins and mediates the activation of integrin-FAK signaling in response to irisin. Importantly, CD81 loss causes diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and adipose tissue inflammation. These results suggest that CD81 functions as a key sensor of external inputs and controls beige APC proliferation and whole-body energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Oguri
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kosaku Shinoda
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hyeonwoo Kim
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diana L Alba
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - W Reid Bolus
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Qiang Wang
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zachary Brown
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rachana N Pradhan
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kazuki Tajima
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Takeshi Yoneshiro
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kenji Ikeda
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yong Chen
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rachel T Cheang
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kazuyuki Tsujino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Caroline R Kim
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vanille Juliette Greiner
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ritwik Datta
- Department of Medicine, Lung Biology Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher D Yang
- Department of Medicine, Lung Biology Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kamran Atabai
- Department of Medicine, Lung Biology Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael T McManus
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Suneil K Koliwad
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Shingo Kajimura
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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128
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Marcelin G, Silveira ALM, Martins LB, Ferreira AV, Clément K. Deciphering the cellular interplays underlying obesity-induced adipose tissue fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:4032-4040. [PMID: 31498150 DOI: 10.1172/jci129192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity originates from an imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure that promotes adipose tissue expansion, which is necessary to buffer nutrient excess. Patients with higher visceral fat mass are at a higher risk of developing severe complications such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular and liver diseases. However, increased fat mass does not fully explain obesity's propensity to promote metabolic diseases. With chronic obesity, adipose tissue undergoes major remodeling, which can ultimately result in unresolved chronic inflammation leading to fibrosis accumulation. These features drive local tissue damage and initiate and/or maintain multiorgan dysfunction. Here, we review the current understanding of adipose tissue remodeling with a focus on obesity-induced adipose tissue fibrosis and its relevance to clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Marcelin
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics, UMRS U1269), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Ana Letícia M Silveira
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics, UMRS U1269), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Immunometabolism, Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Laís Bhering Martins
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics, UMRS U1269), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Immunometabolism, Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Adaliene Vm Ferreira
- Immunometabolism, Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Karine Clément
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics, UMRS U1269), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Nutrition Department, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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129
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Finlin BS, Memetimin H, Zhu B, Confides AL, Vekaria HJ, El Khouli RH, Johnson ZR, Westgate PM, Chen J, Morris AJ, Sullivan PG, Dupont-Versteegden EE, Kern PA. The β3-adrenergic receptor agonist mirabegron improves glucose homeostasis in obese humans. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:2319-2331. [PMID: 31961829 PMCID: PMC7190997 DOI: 10.1172/jci134892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDBeige adipose tissue is associated with improved glucose homeostasis in mice. Adipose tissue contains β3-adrenergic receptors (β3-ARs), and this study was intended to determine whether the treatment of obese, insulin-resistant humans with the β3-AR agonist mirabegron, which stimulates beige adipose formation in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (SC WAT), would induce other beneficial changes in fat and muscle and improve metabolic homeostasis.METHODSBefore and after β3-AR agonist treatment, oral glucose tolerance tests and euglycemic clamps were performed, and histochemical analysis and gene expression profiling were performed on fat and muscle biopsies. PET-CT scans quantified brown adipose tissue volume and activity, and we conducted in vitro studies with primary cultures of differentiated human adipocytes and muscle.RESULTSThe clinical effects of mirabegron treatment included improved oral glucose tolerance (P < 0.01), reduced hemoglobin A1c levels (P = 0.01), and improved insulin sensitivity (P = 0.03) and β cell function (P = 0.01). In SC WAT, mirabegron treatment stimulated lipolysis, reduced fibrotic gene expression, and increased alternatively activated macrophages. Subjects with the most SC WAT beiging showed the greatest improvement in β cell function. In skeletal muscle, mirabegron reduced triglycerides, increased the expression of PPARγ coactivator 1 α (PGC1A) (P < 0.05), and increased type I fibers (P < 0.01). Conditioned media from adipocytes treated with mirabegron stimulated muscle fiber PGC1A expression in vitro (P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONMirabegron treatment substantially improved multiple measures of glucose homeostasis in obese, insulin-resistant humans. Since β cells and skeletal muscle do not express β3-ARs, these data suggest that the beiging of SC WAT by mirabegron reduces adipose tissue dysfunction, which enhances muscle oxidative capacity and improves β cell function.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicaltrials.gov NCT02919176.FUNDINGNIH: DK112282, P30GM127211, DK 71349, and Clinical and Translational science Awards (CTSA) grant UL1TR001998.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S. Finlin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, College of Medicine
| | - Hasiyet Memetimin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, College of Medicine
| | - Beibei Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, College of Medicine
| | - Amy L. Confides
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences
- Center for Muscle Biology
| | | | | | - Zachary R. Johnson
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, College of Medicine
| | | | - Jianzhong Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Andrew J. Morris
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | | | | | - Philip A. Kern
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, College of Medicine
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130
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Hussain MF, Roesler A, Kazak L. Regulation of adipocyte thermogenesis: mechanisms controlling obesity. FEBS J 2020; 287:3370-3385. [PMID: 32301220 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adipocyte biology has been intensely researched in recent years due to the emergence of obesity as a serious global health concern and because of the realization that adipose tissue is more than simply a cell type that stores and releases lipids. The plasticity of adipose tissues, to rapidly adapt to altered physiological states of energy demand, is under neuronal and endocrine control. The capacity for white adipocytes to store chemical energy in lipid droplets is key for protecting other organs from the toxic effects of ectopic lipid deposition. In contrast, thermogenic (brown and beige) adipocytes combust macronutrients to generate heat. The thermogenic activity of adipocytes allows them to protect themselves and other tissues from lipid overaccumulation. Advances in brown fat biology have uncovered key molecular players involved in adipocyte determination, differentiation, and thermogenic activation. It is now, well appreciated that three distinct adipocyte types exist: white, beige, and brown. Moreover, functional differences are present within adipocyte subtypes located in anatomically distinct locations. Adding to this complexity is the recent realization from single-cell sequencing studies that adipocyte progenitors are also heterogeneous. Understanding the molecular details of how to increase the number of thermogenic fat cells and their activation may delineate some of the pathophysiological basis of obesity and obesity-related diseases. Here, we review recent advances that have extended our understanding of the central role that adipose tissue plays in energy balance and the mechanisms that control their amount and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Faiz Hussain
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anna Roesler
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lawrence Kazak
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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131
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Wireless optogenetics protects against obesity via stimulation of non-canonical fat thermogenesis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1730. [PMID: 32265443 PMCID: PMC7138828 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15589-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold stimuli and the subsequent activation of β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) potently stimulate adipose tissue thermogenesis and increase whole-body energy expenditure. However, systemic activation of the β3-AR pathway inevitably increases blood pressure, a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and, thus, limits its application for the treatment of obesity. To activate fat thermogenesis under tight spatiotemporal control without external stimuli, here, we report an implantable wireless optogenetic device that bypasses the β-AR pathway and triggers Ca2+ cycling selectively in adipocytes. The wireless optogenetics stimulation in the subcutaneous adipose tissue potently activates Ca2+ cycling fat thermogenesis and increases whole-body energy expenditure without cold stimuli. Significantly, the light-induced fat thermogenesis was sufficient to protect mice from diet-induced body-weight gain. The present study provides the first proof-of-concept that fat-specific cold mimetics via activating non-canonical thermogenesis protect against obesity. Cardiovascular risks of cold exposure and the subsequent activation of the β3-AR pathway limit the application of beige fat thermogenesis for the treatment of obesity. Here, the authors show that optogenetics light-activated Ca2+ cycling in adipocytes triggers a fat-specific “cold-mimetic” thermogenesis response protecting mice against diet-induced obesity.
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132
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Ghosh-Choudhary S, Liu J, Finkel T. Metabolic Regulation of Cell Fate and Function. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:201-212. [PMID: 31983571 PMCID: PMC7043867 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence implicates metabolic pathways as key regulators of cell fate and function. Although the metabolism of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids is essential to maintain overall energy homeostasis, the choice of a given metabolic pathway and the levels of particular substrates and intermediates increasingly appear to modulate specific cellular activities. This connection is likely related to the growing appreciation that molecules such as acetyl-CoA act as a shared currency between metabolic flux and chromatin modification. We review recent evidence for a role of metabolism in modulating cellular function in four distinct contexts. These areas include the immune system, the tumor microenvironment, the fibrotic response, and stem cell function. Together, these examples suggest that metabolic pathways do not simply provide the fuel that powers cellular activities but instead help to shape and determine cellular identity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jie Liu
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Toren Finkel
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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133
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The Adipocyte Acquires a Fibroblast-Like Transcriptional Signature in Response to a High Fat Diet. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2380. [PMID: 32047213 PMCID: PMC7012923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59284-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT) expands and undergoes extensive remodeling during diet-induced obesity. Much is known about the contribution of various stromal vascular cells to the remodeling process, but less is known of the changes that occur within the adipocyte as it becomes progressively dysfunctional. Here, we performed a transcriptome analysis of isolated vWAT adipocytes to assess global pathway changes occurring in response to a chronic high fat diet (HFD). The data demonstrate that the adipocyte responds to the HFD by adopting a fibroblast-like phenotype, characterized by enhanced expression of ECM, focal adhesion and cytoskeletal genes and suppression of many adipocyte programs most notably those associated with mitochondria. This study reveals that during obesity the adipocyte progressively becomes metabolically dysfunctional due to its acquisition of fibrogenic functions. We propose that mechano-responsive transcription factors such as MRTFA and SRF contribute to both upregulation of morphological genes as well as suppression of mitochondrial programs.
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134
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Marcelin G, Da Cunha C, Gamblin C, Suffee N, Rouault C, Leclerc A, Lacombe A, Sokolovska N, Gautier EL, Clément K, Dugail I. Autophagy inhibition blunts PDGFRA adipose progenitors' cell-autonomous fibrogenic response to high-fat diet. Autophagy 2020; 16:2156-2166. [PMID: 31992125 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1717129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) fibrosis in obesity compromises adipocyte functions and responses to intervention-induced weight loss. It is driven by AT progenitors with dual fibro/adipogenic potential, but pro-fibrogenic pathways activated in obesity remain to be deciphered. To investigate the role of macroautophagy/autophagy in AT fibrogenesis, we used Pdgfra-CreErt2 transgenic mice to create conditional deletion of Atg7 alleles in AT progenitor cells (atg7 cKO) and examined sex-dependent, depot-specific AT remodeling in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Mice with atg7 cKO had markedly decreased extracellular matrix (ECM) gene expression in visceral, subcutaneous, and epicardial adipose depots compared to Atg7lox/lox littermates. ECM gene program regulation by autophagy inhibition occurred independently of changes in the mass of fat tissues or adipocyte numbers of specific depots, and cultured preadipocytes treated with pharmacological or siRNA-mediated autophagy disruptors could mimic these effects. We found that autophagy inhibition promotes global cell-autonomous remodeling of the paracrine TGF-BMP family landscape, whereas ECM gene modulation was independent of the autophagic regulation of GTF2IRD1. The progenitor-specific mouse model of ATG7 inhibition confirms the requirement of autophagy for white/beige adipocyte turnover, and combined to in vitro experiments, reveal progenitor autophagy dependence for AT fibrogenic response to HFD, through the paracrine remodeling of TGF-BMP factors balance. Abbreviations: CQ: chloroquine; ECM: extracellular matrix; EpiAT: epididymal adipose tissue; GTF2IRD1: general transcription factor II I repeat domain-containing 1; HFD: high-fat diet; KO: knockout; OvAT: ovarian adipose tissue; PDGFR: platelet derived growth factor receptor; ScAT: subcutaneous adipose tissue; TGF-BMP: transforming growth factor-bone morphogenic protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Da Cunha
- UMRS1269 INSERM/Sorbonne University, Nutriomics , Paris, France
| | - Camille Gamblin
- UMRS1269 INSERM/Sorbonne University, Nutriomics , Paris, France
| | | | | | - Arnaud Leclerc
- UMRS1269 INSERM/Sorbonne University, Nutriomics , Paris, France
| | - Amelie Lacombe
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN) , Paris, France
| | | | | | - Karine Clément
- UMRS1269 INSERM/Sorbonne University, Nutriomics , Paris, France.,Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Nutrition department, Asssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris , Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Dugail
- UMRS1269 INSERM/Sorbonne University, Nutriomics , Paris, France
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135
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Goldberg EL, Shchukina I, Asher JL, Sidorov S, Artyomov MN, Dixit VD. Ketogenesis activates metabolically protective γδ T cells in visceral adipose tissue. Nat Metab 2020; 2:50-61. [PMID: 32694683 PMCID: PMC10150608 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ketone bodies are essential alternative fuels that allow humans to survive periods of glucose scarcity induced by starvation and prolonged exercise. A widely used ketogenic diet (KD), which is extremely high in fat with very low carbohydrates, drives the host into using β-hydroxybutyrate for the production of ATP and lowers NLRP3-mediated inflammation. However, the extremely high fat composition of KD raises the question of how ketogenesis affects adipose tissue to control inflammation and energy homeostasis. Here, by using single-cell RNA sequencing of adipose-tissue-resident immune cells, we show that KD expands metabolically protective γδ T cells that restrain inflammation. Notably, long-term ad libitum KD feeding in mice causes obesity, impairs metabolic health and depletes the adipose-resident γδ T cells. In addition, mice lacking γδ T cells have impaired glucose homeostasis. Our results suggest that γδ T cells are mediators of protective immunometabolic responses that link fatty acid-driven fuel use to reduced adipose tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Goldberg
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Irina Shchukina
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer L Asher
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sviatoslav Sidorov
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Maxim N Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vishwa Deep Dixit
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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136
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Sun W, Sun X, Chu W, Yu S, Dong F, Xu G. CircRNA expression profiles in human visceral preadipocytes and adipocytes. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:815-821. [PMID: 31974620 PMCID: PMC6947878 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) regulate several physiological and pathological processes, but their role in visceral lipid deposition has not been explored. In the present study, human preadipocytes from visceral fat tissue (HPA-v) were induced to form adipocytes, and the circRNA expression profiles in HPA-v and adipocytes were detected using circRNA microarrays. The microarray data revealed that 2,215 and 1,865 circRNAs were significantly up- and downregulated, respectively, in adipocytes compared with HPA-v. Moreover, the parental genes of differentially expressed circRNAs were associated with fatty acid metabolism based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis. Three circRNAs (hsa_circ_0136134, hsa_circ_0017650, and hsa-circRNA9227-1) were selected for quantitative PCR (qPCR) validation, and the qPCR results were consistent with the microarray results. Furthermore, MiRanda software was used to predict the microRNAs (miRNAs) potentially targeting the top 10 up- and downregulated circRNAs, and 14 miRNAs with more than two miRNA response elements targeting these circRNAs. This is the first study of the expression profiles of circRNAs in HPA-v and adipocytes and may suggest potential therapeutic targets for the visceral obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P.R. China
| | - Xuecheng Sun
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 26100, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Chu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, P.R. China
| | - Shigang Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Sichuan Province Higher School of Local Chicken Breeds Industrialization in Southern Sichuan, College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, Sichuan 614000, P.R. China
| | - Fulu Dong
- Laboratory of Nuclear Receptors and Cancer Research, Center for Basic Medical Research, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P.R. China
| | - Guangfei Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P.R. China
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137
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Hahn O, Drews LF, Nguyen A, Tatsuta T, Gkioni L, Hendrich O, Zhang Q, Langer T, Pletcher S, Wakelam MJO, Beyer A, Grönke S, Partridge L. A nutritional memory effect counteracts benefits of dietary restriction in old mice. Nat Metab 2019; 1:1059-1073. [PMID: 31742247 PMCID: PMC6861129 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) during adulthood can greatly extend lifespan and improve metabolic health in diverse species. However, whether DR in mammals is still effective when applied for the first time at old age remains elusive. Here, we report results of a late-life DR switch experiment employing 800 mice, in which 24 months old female mice were switched from ad libitum (AL) to DR or vice versa. Strikingly, the switch from DR-to-AL acutely increases mortality, whereas the switch from AL-to-DR causes only a weak and gradual increase in survival, suggesting a memory of earlier nutrition. RNA-seq profiling in liver, brown (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) demonstrate a largely refractory transcriptional and metabolic response to DR after AL feeding in fat tissue, particularly in WAT, and a proinflammatory signature in aged preadipocytes, which is prevented by chronic DR feeding. Our results provide evidence for a nutritional memory as a limiting factor for DR-induced longevity and metabolic remodeling of WAT in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Hahn
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Cellular Networks and Systems Biology, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lisa F Drews
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - An Nguyen
- Inositide lab, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Takashi Tatsuta
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lisonia Gkioni
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver Hendrich
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Qifeng Zhang
- Inositide lab, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas Langer
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Scott Pletcher
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and the Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | | | - Andreas Beyer
- Cellular Networks and Systems Biology, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | | | - Linda Partridge
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London, UK.
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138
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Stine RR, Sakers AP, TeSlaa T, Kissig M, Stine ZE, Kwon CW, Cheng L, Lim HW, Kaestner KH, Rabinowitz JD, Seale P. PRDM16 Maintains Homeostasis of the Intestinal Epithelium by Controlling Region-Specific Metabolism. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 25:830-845.e8. [PMID: 31564549 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic pathways dynamically regulate tissue development and maintenance. However, the mechanisms that govern the metabolic adaptation of stem or progenitor cells to their local niche are poorly understood. Here, we define the transcription factor PRDM16 as a region-specific regulator of intestinal metabolism and epithelial renewal. PRDM16 is selectively expressed in the upper intestine, with enrichment in crypt-resident progenitor cells. Acute Prdm16 deletion in mice triggered progenitor apoptosis, leading to diminished epithelial differentiation and severe intestinal atrophy. Genomic and metabolic analyses showed that PRDM16 transcriptionally controls fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in crypts. Expression of this PRDM16-driven FAO program was highest in the upper small intestine and declined distally. Accordingly, deletion of Prdm16 or inhibition of FAO selectively impaired the development and maintenance of upper intestinal enteroids, and these effects were rescued by acetate treatment. Collectively, these data reveal that regionally specified metabolic programs regulate intestinal maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R Stine
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Alexander P Sakers
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tara TeSlaa
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Megan Kissig
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Chan Wook Kwon
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lan Cheng
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hee-Woong Lim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Genetics, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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139
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Lin Z, He H, Wang M, Liang J. MicroRNA-130a controls bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation towards the osteoblastic and adipogenic fate. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12688. [PMID: 31557368 PMCID: PMC6869834 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives With age, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) have reduced ability of differentiating into osteoblasts but have increased ability of differentiating into adipocytes which leads to age‐related bone loss. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play major roles in regulating BMSC differentiation. This paper explored the role of miRNAs in regulating BMSC differentiation swift fate in age‐related osteoporosis. Material and methods Mice and human BMSC were isolated from bone marrow, whose miR‐130a level was measured. The abilities of BMSC differentiate into osteoblast or fat cell under the transfected with agomiR‐130a or antagomiR‐130a were analysed by the level of ALP, osteocalcin, Runx2, osterix or peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptorγ (PPARγ), Fabp4. Related mechanism was verified via qT‐PCR, Western blotting (WB) and siRNA transfection. Animal phenotype intravenous injection with agomiR‐130a or agomiR‐NC was explored by Micro‐CT, immunochemistry and calcein double‐labelling. Results MiR‐130a was dramatically decreased in BMSC of advanced subjects. Overexpression of miR‐130a increased osteogenic differentiation of BMSC and attenuated adipogenic differentiation in BMSC, conversely, Inhibition of miR‐130a reduced osteogenic differentiation and facilitated lipid droplet formation. Consistently, overexpression of miR‐130a in elderly mice dropped off the bone loss. Furthermore, the protein levels of Smad regulatory factors 2 (Smurf2) and PPARγ were regulated by miR‐130a with an negative effect through directly combining the 3'UTR of Smurf2 and PPARγ. Conclusions The results indicated that miR‐130a promotes osteoblastic differentiation of BMSC by negatively regulating Smurf2 expression and suppresses adipogenic differentiation of BMSC by targeting the PPARγ, and supply a new target for clinical therapy of age‐related bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangyuan Lin
- Department of Orthopedic, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbo He
- Department of Orthopedic, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jieyu Liang
- Department of Orthopedic, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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