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An Arabidopsis Mutant Over-Expressing Subtilase SBT4.13 Uncovers the Role of Oxidative Stress in the Inhibition of Growth by Intracellular Acidification. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031173. [PMID: 32050714 PMCID: PMC7037345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular acid stress inhibits plant growth by unknown mechanisms and it occurs in acidic soils and as consequence of other stresses. In order to identify mechanisms of acid toxicity, we screened activation-tagging lines of Arabidopsis thaliana for tolerance to intracellular acidification induced by organic acids. A dominant mutant, sbt4.13-1D, was isolated twice and shown to over-express subtilase SBT4.13, a protease secreted into endoplasmic reticulum. Activity measurements and immuno-detection indicate that the mutant contains less plasma membrane H+-ATPase (PMA) than wild type, explaining the small size, electrical depolarization and decreased cytosolic pH of the mutant but not organic acid tolerance. Addition of acetic acid to wild-type plantlets induces production of ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) measured by dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. Acid-induced ROS production is greatly decreased in sbt4.13-1D and atrboh-D,F mutants. The latter is deficient in two major NADPH oxidases (NOXs) and is tolerant to organic acids. These results suggest that intracellular acidification activates NOXs and the resulting oxidative stress is important for inhibition of growth. The inhibition of acid-activated NOXs in the sbt4.13-1D mutant compensates inhibition of PMA to increase acid tolerance.
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102
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Rubio F, Nieves-Cordones M, Horie T, Shabala S. Doing 'business as usual' comes with a cost: evaluating energy cost of maintaining plant intracellular K + homeostasis under saline conditions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:1097-1104. [PMID: 30993727 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Salinization of agricultural lands is a major threat to agriculture. Many different factors affect and determine plant salt tolerance. Nonetheless, there is a consensus on the relevance of maintaining an optimal cytosolic potassium : sodium ion (K+ : Na+ ) ratio for salinity tolerance in plants. This ratio depends on the operation of plasma membrane and tonoplast transporters. In the present review we focus on some aspects related to the energetic cost of maintaining that K+ : Na+ ratio. One of the factors that affect the cost of the first step of K+ acquisition - root K+ uptake through High Affinity K+ transporter and Arabidopsis K+ transport system 1 transport systems - is the value of the plasma membrane potential of root cells, a parameter that may differ amongst plant species. In addition to its role in nutrition, cytosolic K+ also is important for signalling, and K+ efflux through gated outward-rectifying K+ and nonselective cation channels can be regarded as a switch to redirect energy towards defence reactions. In maintaining cytosolic K+ , the great buffer capacity of the vacuole should be considered. The possible role of high-affinity K+ transporters (HKT)2s in mediating K+ uptake under saline conditions and the importance of cycling of K+ throughout the plant also are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Rubio
- Plant Nutrition Department, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | | | - Tomoaki Horie
- Division of Applied Biology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7005, Australia
- International Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528041, China
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103
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Cui YN, Wang FZ, Yang CH, Yuan JZ, Guo H, Zhang JL, Wang SM, Ma Q. Transcriptomic Profiling Identifies Candidate Genes Involved in the Salt Tolerance of the Xerophyte Pugionium cornutum. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10121039. [PMID: 31842449 PMCID: PMC6947847 DOI: 10.3390/genes10121039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The xerophyte Pugionium cornutum adapts to salt stress by accumulating inorganic ions (e.g., Cl−) for osmotic adjustment and enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, but the associated molecular basis remains unclear. In this study, we first found that P. cornutum could also maintain cell membrane stability due to its prominent ROS-scavenging ability and exhibits efficient carbon assimilation capacity under salt stress. Then, the candidate genes associated with the important physiological traits of the salt tolerance of P. cornutum were identified through transcriptomic analysis. The results showed that after 50 mM NaCl treatment for 6 or 24 h, multiple genes encoding proteins facilitating Cl− accumulation and NO3− homeostasis, as well as the transport of other major inorganic osmoticums, were significantly upregulated in roots and shoots, which should be favorable for enhancing osmotic adjustment capacity and maintaining the uptake and transport of nutrient elements; a large number of genes related to ROS-scavenging pathways were also significantly upregulated, which might be beneficial for mitigating salt-induced oxidative damage to the cells. Meanwhile, many genes encoding components of the photosynthetic electron transport pathway and carbon fixation enzymes were significantly upregulated in shoots, possibly resulting in high carbon assimilation efficiency in P. cornutum. Additionally, numerous salt-inducible transcription factor genes that probably regulate the abovementioned processes were found. This work lays a preliminary foundation for clarifying the molecular mechanism underlying the adaptation of xerophytes to harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qing Ma
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-931-8913447
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104
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Holmes AOM, Kalli AC, Goldman A. The Function of Membrane Integral Pyrophosphatases From Whole Organism to Single Molecule. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:132. [PMID: 31824962 PMCID: PMC6882861 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane integral pyrophosphatases (mPPases) are responsible for the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate. This enzymatic mechanism is coupled to the pumping of H+ or Na+ across membranes in a process that can be K+ dependent or independent. Understanding the movements and dynamics throughout the mPPase catalytic cycle is important, as this knowledge is essential for improving or impeding protein function. mPPases have been shown to play a crucial role in plant maturation and abiotic stress tolerance, and so have the potential to be engineered to improve plant survival, with implications for global food security. mPPases are also selectively toxic drug targets, which could be pharmacologically modulated to reduce the virulence of common human pathogens. The last few years have seen the publication of many new insights into the function and structure of mPPases. In particular, there is a new body of evidence that the catalytic cycle is more complex than originally proposed. There are structural and functional data supporting a mechanism involving half-of-the-sites reactivity, inter-subunit communication, and exit channel motions. A more advanced and in-depth understanding of mPPases has begun to be uncovered, leaving the field of research with multiple interesting avenues for further exploration and investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra O. M. Holmes
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Antreas C. Kalli
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Astbury Centre for Structural Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Goldman
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Research Program in Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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105
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Applications of Fungal Strains with Keratin-Degrading and Plant Growth Promoting Characteristics. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9090543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein hydrolysates (PHs) are organic non-microbial biostimulants having beneficial effects on plants. The study was designed to assess the effects on plants by the applications of PHs obtained from Trichoderma isolates grown on keratin wastes. Trichoderma isolates were characterized for indole-3-acetic acid and siderophores production, activity of lytic enzymes, phosphorous solubilization and inhibition of pathogens growth, using qualitative specific tests. Fungal isolates were cultured on a medium with keratin wastes (wool and feathers) to obtain PHs. Fungal PHs were tested in vivo for plant biostimulant action, as follows: (i) seeds germination test; (ii) activation of plant proton pump; (iii) evaluation of effect on tomato seedling growth. PHs from T. asperellum cultured on feathers medium reached the highest values for all parameters recorded (plant height and diameter, number of leaves and branches), with the exception of those for plant biomass, which were maximum for the wool medium. The metabolites released by keratin degradation under the activity of selected T. asperellum isolate improved crop health and productivity. The use of PHs can be a reasonable solution for the environmental pollution of by-products from the food chain, as well as for the replacement of chemical fertilizers with microbial formulations to stimulate plant growth.
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106
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Cai K, Gao H, Wu X, Zhang S, Han Z, Chen X, Zhang G, Zeng F. The Ability to Regulate Transmembrane Potassium Transport in Root Is Critical for Drought Tolerance in Barley. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4111. [PMID: 31443572 PMCID: PMC6747136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the effect of drought on K+ uptake in root and its translocation from root to shoot was investigated using six barley genotypes contrasting in drought tolerance. Results showed that drought conditions caused significant changes in K+ uptake and translocation in a time- and genotype-specific manner, which consequently resulted in a significant difference in tissue K+ contents and drought tolerance levels between the contrasting barley genotypes. The role of K+ transporters and channels and plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase in barley's adaptive response to drought stress was further investigated at the transcript level. The expression of genes conferring K+ uptake (HvHAK1, HvHAK5, HvKUP1, HvKUP2 and HvAKT1) and xylem loading (HvSKOR) in roots were all affected by drought stress in a time- and genotype-specific manner, indicating that the regulation of these K+ transporters and channels is critical for root K+ uptake and root to shoot K+ translocation in barley under drought stress. Furthermore, the barley genotypes showed a strong correlation between H+ efflux and K+ influx under drought stress, which was further confirmed by the significant up-regulation of HvHA1 and HvHA2. These results suggested an important role of plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity and/or expression in regulating the activity of K+ transporters and channels under drought stress. Taken together, it may be concluded that the genotypic difference in drought stress tolerance in barley is conferred by the difference in the ability to regulate K+ transporters and channels in root epidermis and stele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangfeng Cai
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huaizhou Gao
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaojian Wu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhigang Han
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fanrong Zeng
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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107
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Li S, Yu J, Li Y, Zhang H, Bao X, Bian J, Xu C, Wang X, Cai X, Wang Q, Wang P, Guo S, Miao Y, Chen S, Qin Z, Dai S. Heat-Responsive Proteomics of a Heat-Sensitive Spinach Variety. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163872. [PMID: 31398909 PMCID: PMC6720816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
High temperatures seriously limit plant growth and productivity. Investigating heat-responsive molecular mechanisms is important for breeding heat-tolerant crops. In this study, heat-responsive mechanisms in leaves from a heat-sensitive spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) variety Sp73 were investigated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE)-based and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-based proteomics approaches. In total, 257 heat-responsive proteins were identified in the spinach leaves. The abundance patterns of these proteins indicated that the photosynthesis process was inhibited, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging pathways were initiated, and protein synthesis and turnover, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism were promoted in the spinach Sp73 in response to high temperature. By comparing this with our previous results in the heat-tolerant spinach variety Sp75, we found that heat inhibited photosynthesis, as well as heat-enhanced ROS scavenging, stress defense pathways, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, and protein folding and turnover constituting a conservative strategy for spinach in response to heat stress. However, the heat-decreased biosynthesis of chlorophyll and carotenoid as well as soluble sugar content in the variety Sp73 was quite different from that in the variety Sp75, leading to a lower capability for photosynthetic adaptation and osmotic homeostasis in Sp73 under heat stress. Moreover, the heat-reduced activities of SOD and other heat-activated antioxidant enzymes in the heat-sensitive variety Sp73 were also different from the heat-tolerant variety Sp75, implying that the ROS scavenging strategy is critical for heat tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Sciences and Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Juanjuan Yu
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Ying Li
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xuesong Bao
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jiayi Bian
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Chenxi Xu
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cai
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Quanhua Wang
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Siyi Guo
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yuchen Miao
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Sixue Chen
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Zhi Qin
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
| | - Shaojun Dai
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China.
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108
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Nieves-Cordones M, Lara A, Ródenas R, Amo J, Rivero RM, Martínez V, Rubio F. Modulation of K + translocation by AKT1 and AtHAK5 in Arabidopsis plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2357-2371. [PMID: 31046137 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Root cells take up K+ from the soil solution, and a fraction of the absorbed K+ is translocated to the shoot after being loaded into xylem vessels. K+ uptake and translocation are spatially separated processes. K+ uptake occurs in the cortex and epidermis whereas K+ translocation starts at the stele. Both uptake and translocation processes are expected to be linked, but the connection between them is not well characterized. Here, we studied K+ uptake and translocation using Rb+ as a tracer in wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana and in T-DNA insertion mutants in the K+ uptake or translocation systems. The relative amount of translocated Rb+ to the shoot was positively correlated with net Rb+ uptake rates, and the akt1 athak5 T-DNA mutant plants were more efficient in their allocation of Rb+ to shoots. Moreover, a mutation of SKOR and a reduced plant transpiration prevented the full upregulation of AtHAK5 gene expression and Rb+ uptake in K+ -starved plants. Lastly, Rb+ was found to be retrieved from root xylem vessels, with AKT1 playing a significant role in K+ -sufficient plants. Overall, our results suggest that K+ uptake and translocation are tightly coordinated via signals that regulate the expression of K+ transport systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Nieves-Cordones
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Lara
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Reyes Ródenas
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jesús Amo
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rosa María Rivero
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Rubio
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
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109
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Vergara C, Araujo KEC, Sperandio MVL, Santos LA, Urquiaga S, Zilli JÉ. Dark septate endophytic fungi increase the activity of proton pumps, efficiency of 15N recovery from ammonium sulphate, N content, and micronutrient levels in rice plants. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:825-838. [PMID: 31090019 PMCID: PMC6863334 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00092-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants colonised by dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi show increased uptake of nutrients available in the environment. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of DSE fungi on the activity of proton pumps, nitrogen (N) recovery from ammonium sulphate, and nutrient accumulation in rice plants. Treatments consisted of non-inoculated plants and plants inoculated with two isolates of DSE fungi, A101 and A103. To determine N recovery from the soil, ammonium sulphate enriched with 15N was added to a non-sterile substrate while parameters associated with the activity of proton pumps and with NO3- uptake were determined in a sterile environment. The A101 and A103 fungal isolates colonised the roots of rice plants, promoting 15N uptake, growth, and accumulation of nutrients as compared with the mock control. A103 induced the expression of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase (PM H+-ATPase) isoforms OsA5 and OsA8, the activity of the PM H+-ATPase and H+-pyrophosphatase. Our results suggest that the inoculation of rice plants with DSE fungi represents a strategy to improve the N recovery from ammonium sulphate and rice plant growth through the induction of OsA5 and OsA8 isoforms and stimulation of the PM H+-ATPase and H+-pyrophosphatase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Vergara
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Agronomia, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Leandro Azevedo Santos
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Agronomia, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Segundo Urquiaga
- Embrapa Agrobiologia, BR 465, km 07, Seropédica, RJ, 23891-000, Brazil
| | - Jerri Édson Zilli
- Embrapa Agrobiologia, BR 465, km 07, Seropédica, RJ, 23891-000, Brazil.
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A mass and charge balanced metabolic model of Setaria viridis revealed mechanisms of proton balancing in C4 plants. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:357. [PMID: 31248364 PMCID: PMC6598292 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-2941-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background C4 photosynthesis is a key domain of plant research with outcomes ranging from crop quality improvement, biofuel production and efficient use of water and nutrients. A metabolic network model of C4 “lab organism” Setaria viridis with extensive gene-reaction associations can accelerate target identification for desired metabolic manipulations and thereafter in vivo validation. Moreover, metabolic reconstructions have also been shown to be a significant tool to investigate fundamental metabolic traits. Results A mass and charge balance genome-scale metabolic model of Setaria viridis was constructed, which was tested to be able to produce all major biomass components in phototrophic and heterotrophic conditions. Our model predicted an important role of the utilization of NH\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$_{4}^{+}$\end{document}4+ and NO\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$_{3}^{-}$\end{document}3− ratio in balancing charges in plants. A multi-tissue extension of the model representing C4 photosynthesis was able to utilize NADP-ME subtype of C4 carbon fixation for the production of lignocellulosic biomass in stem, providing a tool for identifying gene associations for cellulose, hemi-cellulose and lignin biosynthesis that could be potential target for improved lignocellulosic biomass production. Besides metabolic engineering, our modeling results uncovered a previously unrecognized role of the 3-PGA/triosephosphate shuttle in proton balancing. Conclusions A mass and charge balance model of Setaria viridis, a model C4 plant, provides the possibility of system-level investigation to identify metabolic characteristics based on stoichiometric constraints. This study demonstrated the use of metabolic modeling in identifying genes associated with the synthesis of particular biomass components, and elucidating new role of previously known metabolic processes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12859-019-2941-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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111
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Wu GQ, Wang JL, Li SJ. Genome-Wide Identification of Na +/H + Antiporter (NHX) Genes in Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and Their Regulated Expression under Salt Stress. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E401. [PMID: 31137880 PMCID: PMC6562666 DOI: 10.3390/genes10050401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity is one of the major environment factors that limits the growth of plants and the productivity of crops worldwide. It has been shown that Na+ transporters play a central role in salt tolerance and development of plants. The objective of this study was to identify Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX) genes and investigate their expression patterns in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) subjected to various concentrations of NaCl. A total of five putative NHX genes were identified and distributed on four chromosomes in sugar beet. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these BvNHX genes are grouped into three major classes, viz Vac- (BvNHX1, -2 and -3), Endo- (BvNHX4), and PM-class NHX (BvNHX5/BvSOS1), and within each class the exon/intron structures are conserved. The amiloride-binding site is found in TM3 at N-terminus of Vac-class NHX proteins. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) prediction suggested that only BvNHX5 putatively interacts with calcineurin B-like proteins (CBL) and CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPK), implying it might be the primary NHX involved in CBL-CIPK pathway under saline condition. It was also found that BvNHX5 contains one abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive element (ABRE), suggesting that BvNHX5 might be involved in ABA signal responsiveness. Additionally, the qRT-PCR analysis showed that all the BvNHX genes in both roots and leaves are significantly up-regulated by salt, and the transcription levels under high salinity are significantly higher than those under either low or moderate salinity. Taken together, this work gives a detailed overview of the BvNHX genes and their expression patterns under salt stress. Our findings also provide useful information for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of Na+ homeostasis and further functional identification of the BvNHX genes in sugar beet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qiang Wu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Jin-Long Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Shan-Jia Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China.
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112
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Wang L, Guo MY, Thibaud JB, Véry AA, Sentenac H. A repertoire of cationic and anionic conductances at the plasma membrane of Medicago truncatula root hairs. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 98:418-433. [PMID: 30673148 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs, as lateral extensions of epidermal cells, provide large absorptive surfaces to the root and are major actors in plant hydromineral nutrition. In contact with the soil they also constitute a site of interactions between the plant and rhizospheric microorganisms. In legumes, initiation of symbiotic interactions with N2 -fixing rhizobia is often triggered at the root hair cell membrane in response to nodulation factors secreted by rhizobia, and involves early signaling events with changes in H+ , Ca2+ , K+ and Cl- fluxes inducing transient depolarization of the cell membrane. Here, we aimed to build a functional repertoire of the major root hair conductances to cations and anions in the sequenced legume model Medicago truncatula. Five root hair conductances were characterized through patch-clamp experiments on enzymatically recovered root hair protoplasts. These conductances displayed varying properties of voltage dependence, kinetics and ion selectivity. They consisted of hyperpolarization- and depolarization-activated conductances for K+ , cations or Cl- . Among these, one weakly outwardly rectifying cationic conductance and one hyperpolarization-activated slowly inactivating anionic conductance were not known as active in root hairs. All five conductances were detected in apical regions of young growing root hairs using membrane spheroplasts obtained by laser-assisted cell-wall microdissection. Combined with recent root hair transcriptomes of M. truncatula, this functional repertoire of conductances is expected to help the identification of candidate genes for reverse genetics studies to investigate the possible role of each conductance in root hair growth and interaction with the biotic and abiotic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Wang
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, 34060, Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Man-Yuan Guo
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, 34060, Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Thibaud
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, 34060, Montpellier Cedex 2, France
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, BP 14491, F34093, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Anne-Aliénor Véry
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, 34060, Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Hervé Sentenac
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, 34060, Montpellier Cedex 2, France
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113
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Kubes J, Skalicky M, Tumova L, Martin J, Hejnak V, Martinkova J. Vanadium elicitation of Trifolium pratense L. cell culture and possible pathways of produced isoflavones transport across the plasma membrane. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:657-671. [PMID: 30770962 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02397-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium compounds increased the content and release of distinct isoflavones in a Trifolium pratense suspension culture. Regarding transport-mechanism inhibitors, the process was mostly facilitated by ABC proteins and vesicular transport. The transport of isoflavones and other secondary metabolites is an important part of metabolism within plants and cultures in vitro regarding their role in defence against various abiotic and biotic stressors. This research focuses on the way how to increase production and exudation of isoflavones by application of chemical elicitor and the basic identification of their transport mechanisms across cell membranes. The release of five isoflavones (genistin, genistein, biochanin A, daidzein, and formononetin) into a nutrient medium was determined in a Trifolium pratense var. DO-8 suspension culture after two vanadium compound treatments and cultivation for 24 and 48 h. The NH4VO3 solution caused a higher concentration of isoflavones in the medium after 24 h. This increased content of secondary metabolites was subsequently suppressed by distinct transport-mechanism inhibitors. The transport of isoflavones in T. pratense was mostly affected by ABC inhibitors from the multidrug-resistance-associated protein subfamily, but the genistein concentration in the medium was lower after treatment with multidrug-resistance protein subfamily inhibitors. Brefeldin A, which blocks vesicular transport, also decreased the concentration of some isoflavones in the nutrient medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kubes
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, 500 02, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Tumova
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, 500 02, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Martin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, 500 02, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Hejnak
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Martinkova
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic
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Tamary E, Nevo R, Naveh L, Levin‐Zaidman S, Kiss V, Savidor A, Levin Y, Eyal Y, Reich Z, Adam Z. Chlorophyll catabolism precedes changes in chloroplast structure and proteome during leaf senescence. PLANT DIRECT 2019; 3:e00127. [PMID: 31245770 PMCID: PMC6508775 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The earliest visual changes of leaf senescence occur in the chloroplast as chlorophyll is degraded and photosynthesis declines. Yet, a comprehensive understanding of the sequence of catabolic events occurring in chloroplasts during natural leaf senescence is still missing. Here, we combined confocal and electron microscopy together with proteomics and biochemistry to follow structural and molecular changes during Arabidopsis leaf senescence. We observed that initiation of chlorophyll catabolism precedes other breakdown processes. Chloroplast size, stacking of thylakoids, and efficiency of PSII remain stable until late stages of senescence, whereas the number and size of plastoglobules increase. Unlike catabolic enzymes, whose level increase, the level of most proteins decreases during senescence, and chloroplast proteins are overrepresented among these. However, the rate of their disappearance is variable, mostly uncoordinated and independent of their inherent stability during earlier developmental stages. Unexpectedly, degradation of chlorophyll-binding proteins lags behind chlorophyll catabolism. Autophagy and vacuole proteins are retained at relatively high levels, highlighting the role of extra-plastidic degradation processes especially in late stages of senescence. The observation that chlorophyll catabolism precedes all other catabolic events may suggest that this process enables or signals further catabolic processes in chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Tamary
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in AgricultureThe Hebrew UniversityRehovotIsrael
| | - Reinat Nevo
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Leah Naveh
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in AgricultureThe Hebrew UniversityRehovotIsrael
| | - Smadar Levin‐Zaidman
- Department of Chemical Research SupportWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Vladimir Kiss
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Alon Savidor
- de Botton Institute for Protein ProfilingThe Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized MedicineWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Yishai Levin
- de Botton Institute for Protein ProfilingThe Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized MedicineWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Yoram Eyal
- Institute of Plant SciencesThe Volcani Center ARORishon LeZionIsrael
| | - Ziv Reich
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Zach Adam
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in AgricultureThe Hebrew UniversityRehovotIsrael
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Ma B, Liao L, Fang T, Peng Q, Ogutu C, Zhou H, Ma F, Han Y. A Ma10 gene encoding P-type ATPase is involved in fruit organic acid accumulation in apple. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:674-686. [PMID: 30183123 PMCID: PMC6381788 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Acidity is one of the main determinants of fruit organoleptic quality. Here, comparative transcriptome analysis was conducted between two cultivars that showed a significant difference in fruit acidity, but contained homozygous non-functional alleles at the major gene Ma1 locus controlling apple fruit acidity. A candidate gene for fruit acidity, designated M10, was identified. The M10 gene encodes a P-type proton pump, P3A -ATPase, which facilitates malate uptake into the vacuole. The Ma10 gene is significantly associated with fruit malate content, accounting for ~7.5% of the observed phenotypic variation in apple germplasm. Subcellular localization assay showed that the Ma10 is targeted to the tonoplast. Overexpression of the Ma10 gene can complement the defect in proton transport of the mutant YAK2 yeast strain and enhance the accumulation of malic acid in apple callus. Moreover, its ectopic expression in tomato induces a decrease in fruit pH. These results suggest that the Ma10 gene has the capacity for proton pumping and plays an important role in fruit vacuolar acidification in apple. Our study provides useful knowledge towards comprehensive understanding of the complex mechanism regulating apple fruit acidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiquan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty AgricultureWuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleCollege of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Liao Liao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty AgricultureWuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- Sino‐African Joint Research CenterChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Ting Fang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty AgricultureWuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Qian Peng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty AgricultureWuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Collins Ogutu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty AgricultureWuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty AgricultureWuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- Sino‐African Joint Research CenterChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleCollege of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Yuepeng Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty AgricultureWuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- Sino‐African Joint Research CenterChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
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Strazzer P, Spelt CE, Li S, Bliek M, Federici CT, Roose ML, Koes R, Quattrocchio FM. Hyperacidification of Citrus fruits by a vacuolar proton-pumping P-ATPase complex. Nat Commun 2019; 10:744. [PMID: 30808865 PMCID: PMC6391481 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08516-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The sour taste of Citrus fruits is due to the extreme acidification of vacuoles in juice vesicle cells via a mechanism that remained elusive. Genetic analysis in petunia identified two vacuolar P-ATPases, PH1 and PH5, which determine flower color by hyperacidifying petal cell vacuoles. Here we show that Citrus homologs, CitPH1 and CitPH5, are expressed in sour lemon, orange, pummelo and rangpur lime fruits, while their expression is strongly reduced in sweet-tasting “acidless” varieties. Down-regulation of CitPH1 and CitPH5 is associated with mutations that disrupt expression of MYB, HLH and/or WRKY transcription factors homologous to those activating PH1 and PH5 in petunia. These findings address a long-standing enigma in cell biology and provide targets to engineer or select for taste in Citrus and other fruits. The sour taste of citrus fruit results from the extremely low pH of juice vesicle cell vacuoles. Here the authors provide genetic evidence that a vacuolar P-type ATPase, that is known to determine flower color in petunia via vacuolar acidification, is also responsible for extreme acidification in citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Strazzer
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis E Spelt
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shuangjiang Li
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mattijs Bliek
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claire T Federici
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Mikeal L Roose
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Ronald Koes
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Francesca M Quattrocchio
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Regulatory Aspects of the Vacuolar CAT2 Arginine Transporter of S. lycopersicum: Role of Osmotic Pressure and Cations. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040906. [PMID: 30791488 PMCID: PMC6413183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many proteins are localized at the vacuolar membrane, but most of them are still poorly described, due to the inaccessibility of this membrane from the extracellular environment. This work focused on the characterization of the CAT2 transporter from S. lycopersicum (SlCAT2) that was previously overexpressed in E. coli and reconstituted in proteoliposomes for transport assay as [3H]Arg uptake. The orientation of the reconstituted transporter has been attempted and current data support the hypothesis that the protein is inserted in the liposome in the same orientation as in the vacuole. SlCAT2 activity was dependent on the pH, with an optimum at pH 7.5. SlCAT2 transport activity was stimulated by the increase of internal osmolality from 0 to 175 mOsmol while the activity was inhibited by the increase of external osmolality. K+, Na+, and Mg2+ present on the external side of proteoliposomes at physiological concentrations, inhibited the transport activity; differently, the cations had no effect when included in the internal proteoliposome compartment. This data highlighted an asymmetric regulation of SlCAT2. Cholesteryl hemisuccinate, included in the proteoliposomal membrane, stimulated the SlCAT2 transport activity. The homology model of the protein was built using, as a template, the 3D structure of the amino acid transporter GkApcT. Putative substrate binding residues and cholesterol binding domains were proposed. Altogether, the described results open new perspectives for studying the response of SlCAT2 and, in general, of plant vacuolar transporters to metabolic and environmental changes.
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118
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Fan Y, Yin X, Xie Q, Xia Y, Wang Z, Song J, Zhou Y, Jiang X. Co-expression of SpSOS1 and SpAHA1 in transgenic Arabidopsis plants improves salinity tolerance. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:74. [PMID: 30764771 PMCID: PMC6376693 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1680-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Na+ extrusion from cells is important for plant growth in high saline environments. SOS1 (salt overly sensitive 1), an Na+/H+ antiporter located in the plasma membrane (PM), functions in toxic Na+ extrusion from cells using energy from an electrochemical proton gradient produced by a PM-localized H+-ATPase (AHA). Therefore, SOS1 and AHA are involved in plant adaption to salt stress. RESULTS In this study, the genes encoding SOS1 and AHA from the halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum (SpSOS1 and SpAHA1, respectively) were introduced together or singly into Arabidopsis plants. The results indicated that either SpSOS1 or SpAHA1 conferred salt tolerance to transgenic plants and, as expected, Arabidopsis plants expressing both SpSOS1 and SpAHA1 grew better under salt stress than plants expressing only SpSOS1 or SpAHA1. In response to NaCl treatment, Na+ and H+ in the roots of plants transformed with SpSOS1 or SpAHA1 effluxed faster than wild-type (WT) plant roots. Furthermore, roots co-expressing SpSOS1 and SpAHA1 had higher Na+ and H+ efflux rates than single SpSOS1/SpAHA1-expressing transgenic plants, resulting in the former amassing less Na+ than the latter. As seen from comparative analyses of plants exposed to salinity stress, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was lowest in the co-transgenic SpSOS1 and SpAHA1 plants, but the K+ level was the highest. CONCLUSION These results suggest SpSOS1 and SpAHA1 coordinate to alleviate salt toxicity by increasing the efficiency of Na+ extrusion to maintain K+ homeostasis and protect the PM from oxidative damage induced by salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Fan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources /Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China
| | - Xiaochang Yin
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources /Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China
| | - Qing Xie
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources /Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China
| | - Youquan Xia
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources /Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources /Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China
| | - Jie Song
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Stress/College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014 China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources /Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources /Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China
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Lai B, Du LN, Hu B, Wang D, Huang XM, Zhao JT, Wang HC, Hu GB. Characterization of a novel litchi R2R3-MYB transcription factor that involves in anthocyanin biosynthesis and tissue acidification. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:62. [PMID: 30732564 PMCID: PMC6367832 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maturation of litchi (Litchi chinensis) fruit is characterized by dramatic changes in pigments in the pericarp and flavor compounds in the aril. Among them, the biosynthesis of anthocyanins is most noticeable. Previous studies showed that LcMYB1 and LcbHLH transcription factors participated in regulating the anthocyanin biosynthesis in litchi. However, the roles of other MYB factors remain unclear. RESULTS In this study, we cloned and characterized the function of LcMYB5, a novel R2R3-MYB identified from litchi transcriptome. Although LcMYB5 was constitutively expressed in litchi tissues and its expressions was not correlated with tissue coloration, overexpression of LcMYB5 resulted in enhanced biosynthesis of anthocyanins in tobacco and petunia concurrent with the up-regulation of their endogenous bHLHs and key structural genes in anthocyanin precursor biosynthesis. These results indicate that LcMYB5 is an R2R3 transcriptional factor regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis either by directly activating the expression of key structural genes such as DFR or by indirectly up regulating the expressions of endogenous bHLH regulators. More interestingly, the pH values in petals and leaves from transgenic lines were significant lower than those in both untransformed tobacco and petunia, indicating LcMYB5 is also associated with pH regulation. The expressions of LcMYB5 and its bHLH partner LcbHLH1 were consistent with the expression of putative tissue acidification gene LcPH1, and the changes in malic acid provided further evidence for the close relationship between LcMYB5 and tissue acidification. CONCLUSIONS Taking together, our study indicated that LcMYB5 is involved in not only anthocyanin biosynthesis but also tissue acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Lai
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, 408100 China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/ Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Li-Na Du
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, 408100 China
| | - Bing Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/ Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/ Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Xu-Ming Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/ Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Jie-Tang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/ Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Hui-Cong Wang
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, 408100 China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/ Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Gui-bing Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/ Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
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Yarra R, Kirti PB. Expressing class I wheat NHX (TaNHX2) gene in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) improves plant performance under saline condition. Funct Integr Genomics 2019; 19:541-554. [PMID: 30673892 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-019-00656-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Brinjal or eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is an important solanaceous edible crop, and salt stress adversely affects its growth, development, and overall productivity. To cope with excess salinity, vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporters provide the best mechanism for ionic homeostasis in plants under salt stress. We generated transgenic eggplants by introducing wheat TaNHX2 gene that encodes a vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter in to the eggplant genome via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using pBin438 vector that harbors double35S:TaNHX2 to confer salinity tolerance. Polymerase chain reaction and southern hybridization confirmed the presence and integration of TaNHX2 gene in T1 transgenic plants. Southern positive transgenic eggplants showed varied levels of TaNHX2 transcripts as evident by RT-PCR and qRT-PCR. Stress-inducible expression of TaNHX2 significantly improved growth performance and Na+ and K+ contents from leaf and roots tissues of T2 transgenic eggplants under salt stress, compared to non-transformed plants. Furthermore, T2 transgenic eggplants displayed the stable leaf relative water content and chlorophyll content, proline accumulation, improved photosynthetic efficiency, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductivity than the non-transformed plants under salinity stress (200 mM NaCl). Data showed that the T2 transgenic lines revealed that reduction in MDA content, hydrogen peroxide, and oxygen radical production associated with the significant increase of antioxidant enzyme activity in transgenic eggplants than non-transformed plants under salt stress (200 mM NaCl). This study suggested that the TaNHX2 gene plays an important regulatory role in conferring salinity tolerance of transgenic eggplant and thus may serve as a useful candidate gene for improving salinity tolerance in other vegetable crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Yarra
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500046, India.
| | - P B Kirti
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500046, India
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Jangir H, Das CK, Kumar J, Mahapatra SS, Srivastava G, Bhardwaj A, Das M. Nano pyrite (FeS2) root priming enhances chilli and marigold production in nutrients-deficient soil: A nano strategy for fertiliser tuning. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-018-00943-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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122
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Tiwari V, Patel MK, Chaturvedi AK, Mishra A, Jha B. Cloning and functional characterization of the Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX1) gene promoter from an extreme halophyte Salicornia brachiata. Gene 2019; 683:233-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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FUTAI M, SUN-WADA GH, WADA Y, MATSUMOTO N, NAKANISHI-MATSUI M. Vacuolar-type ATPase: A proton pump to lysosomal trafficking. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2019; 95:261-277. [PMID: 31189779 PMCID: PMC6751294 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.95.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase), initially identified in yeast and plant vacuoles, pumps protons into the lumen of organelles coupled with ATP hydrolysis. The mammalian counterpart is found ubiquitously in endomembrane organelles and the plasma membrane of specialized cells such as osteoclasts. V-ATPase is also present in unique organelles such as insulin secretory granules, neural synaptic vesicles, and acrosomes of spermatozoa. Consistent with its diverse physiological roles and unique localization, the seven subunits of V-ATPase have 2-4 isoforms that are organelle- or cell-specific. Subunits of the enzyme function in trafficking organelles and vesicles by interacting with small molecule GTPases. During osteoclast differentiation, one of the four isoforms of subunit a, a3, is indispensable for secretory lysosome trafficking to the plasma membrane. Diseases such as osteopetrosis, renal acidosis, and hearing loss are related to V-ATPase isoforms. In addition to its role as an enzyme, V-ATPase has versatile physiological roles in eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamitsu FUTAI
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
- Emeritus Professor, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Correspondence should be addressed: M. Futai, Emeritus Professor, Iwate Medical University, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, Japan (e-mail: )
| | - Ge-Hong SUN-WADA
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women’s College, Kyoto, Kyotanabe, Japan
| | - Yoh WADA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naomi MATSUMOTO
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Mayumi NAKANISHI-MATSUI
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
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Gene mutation associated with esl mediates shifts on fungal community composition in rhizosphere soil of rice at grain-filling stage. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17521. [PMID: 30504850 PMCID: PMC6269515 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35578-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Generally, plant roots shape the rhizosphere fungal community but how individual plant genes involved in senescence affect this shaping is less studied. We used an early senescence leaf (esl) mutant rice and compared it with its isogenic wild type variety to evaluate the effect of the vacuolar H+-ATPase (VHA-A1) gene mutation on the rhizosphere fungal community structure and composition using a metagenomic pyrosequencing approach. The most predominate fungal phyla identified for both isogenic lines belonged to Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Glomeromycota, where Ascomycota were more prevalent in the esl mutant than the wild type variety. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis confirmed a significant rise in the richness of Cladosporium cladosporioides in esl mutant rice than the wild type variety. Correlation analysis revealed four most abundant genera identified for the esl mutant and their close association with yield and biomass decline, lipid peroxidation, lower root vitality, chlorophyll degradation and limited VHA activity. Higher K+ efflux, H+ and a lower Ca2+ influx was also observed in the esl mutant which could be the reason for abnormal functioning of mutant plants. These results illustrate that besides the well-known effect of senescence on plant physiology and yield decline, it can further shape the rhizosphere fungal community.
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Fan Y, Wan S, Jiang Y, Xia Y, Chen X, Gao M, Cao Y, Luo Y, Zhou Y, Jiang X. Over-expression of a plasma membrane H +-ATPase SpAHA1 conferred salt tolerance to transgenic Arabidopsis. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:1827-1837. [PMID: 29948367 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1275-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The SpAHA1 gene, encoding a plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase (AHA) in Sesuvium portulacastrum, was transformed into Arabidopsis plants, and its expression increased salinity tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis plants: seed germination ratio, root growth, and biomass of transgenic plants were greater compared to wild-type plants under NaCl treatment condition. Upon salinity stress, both Na+ and H+ effluxes in the roots of SpAHA1 expressing plants were faster than those of untransformed plants. Transformed plants with SpAHA1 had lower Na+ and higher K+ contents relative to wild-type plants when treated with NaCl, resulting in greater K+/Na+ ratio in transgenic plants than in wild-type plants under salt stress. Extent of oxidative stress increased in both transgenic and wild-type plants exposed to salinity stress, but overexpression of SpAHA1 could alleviate the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced by NaCl treatment in transgenic plants relative to wild-type plants; the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was lower in transgenic plants than that in wild-type plants under salinity stress. These results suggest that the higher H+-pumping activity generated by SpAHA1 improved the growth of transgenic plants via regulating ion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis in plant cells under salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Fan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources /Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops/Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Shumin Wan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops/Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yingshuo Jiang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops/Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Youquan Xia
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops/Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops/Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Mengze Gao
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops/Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yuxin Cao
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops/Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yuehua Luo
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops/Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops/Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources /Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops/Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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Shi CY, Hussain SB, Guo LX, Yang H, Ning DY, Liu YZ. Genome-wide identification and transcript analysis of vacuolar-ATPase genes in citrus reveal their possible involvement in citrate accumulation. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 155:147-154. [PMID: 30121429 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) proton pump plays an important role in the acidification of vacuoles; however, genes encoding V-ATPase in the citrus genome and their roles in citric acid accumulation remain unclear in citrus fruit. In this study, we found at least one gene encoding subunit A, B, C, D, G, c'', d or e; two genes encoding the subunit E, F, H or a; and four genes encoding subunit c in the citrus genome. Spatial expression analysis showed that most genes were predominantly expressed in the mature leaves and/or flowers but were less expressed in root and juice cells. Two sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) cultivars, 'Anliu' (AL) and 'Hong Anliu' (HAL), which differ in terms of fruit acidity, were used in this study. The citric acid content was significantly higher in 'AL' fruits than in 'HAL' fruits over the entire experimental period (82 days-236 days after full blossom, DAFB). Transcript analysis showed that the transcript levels of most subunit genes, including V1-A, V1-B, V1-C, V1-E1, V1-G, V1-H2 and V0-a2, V0-c", V0-c4, and V0-d, were significantly lower in 'HAL' than in 'AL' fruits during fruit development and ripening. Moreover, ABA injection significantly increased the citric acid content, simultaneously accompanied by the obvious induction of V1-A, V1-C, V1-E1, V1-F1, V1-H2, V0-a1, V0-a2, V0-c1, V0-c2, V0-c4, and V0-d transcription levels. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that V1-A, V1-C, V1-E1, V1-H2, V0-a2, V0-c4, and V0-d may play more roles than other subunit genes in the vacuole acidification of citrus fruits. The lower activity of V-ATPase caused by the transcript reduction of some subunit genes may be one reason for the low citrate accumulation in 'HAL' juice sacs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Yun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Syed Bilal Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Ling-Xia Guo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Huan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Dong-Yuan Ning
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Yong-Zhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
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Zhang J, Li Q, Qi YP, Huang WL, Yang LT, Lai NW, Ye X, Chen LS. Low pH-responsive proteins revealed by a 2-DE based MS approach and related physiological responses in Citrus leaves. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:188. [PMID: 30208853 PMCID: PMC6134590 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1413-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rare data are available on the molecular responses of higher plants to low pH. Seedlings of 'Sour pummelo' (Citrus grandis) and 'Xuegan' (Citrus sinensis) were treated daily with nutrient solution at a pH of 2.5, 3, or 6 (control) for nine months. Thereafter, we first used 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) to investigate low pH-responsive proteins in Citrus leaves. Meanwhile, we examined low pH-effects on leaf gas exchange, carbohydrates, ascorbate, dehydroascorbate and malondialdehyde. The objectives were to understand the adaptive mechanisms of Citrus to low pH and to identify the possible candidate proteins for low pH-tolerance. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that Citrus were tolerant to low pH, with a slightly higher low pH-tolerance in the C. sinensis than in the C. grandis. Using 2-DE, we identified more pH 2.5-responsive proteins than pH 3-responsive proteins in leaves. This paper discussed mainly on the pH 2.5-responsive proteins. pH 2.5 decreased the abundances of proteins involved in ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activation, Calvin cycle, carbon fixation, chlorophyll biosynthesis and electron transport, hence lowering chlorophyll level, electron transport rate and photosynthesis. The higher oxidative damage in the pH 2.5-treated C. grandis leaves might be due to a combination of factors including higher production of reactive oxygen species, more proteins decreased in abundance involved in antioxidation and detoxification, and lower ascorbate level. Protein and amino acid metabolisms were less affected in the C. sinensis leaves than those in the C. grandis leaves when exposed to pH 2.5. The abundances of proteins related to jasmonic acid biosynthesis and signal transduction were increased and decreased in the pH 2.5-treated C. sinensis and C. grandis leaves, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report on low pH-responsive proteins in higher plants. Thus, our results provide some novel information on low pH-toxicity and -tolerance in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhang
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Qiang Li
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Yi-Ping Qi
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, 350001 China
| | - Wei-Lin Huang
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Lin-Tong Yang
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Ning-Wei Lai
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Xin Ye
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Li-Song Chen
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, FAFU, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, FAFU, Fuzhou, 350002 China
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128
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Passamani LZ, Bertolazi AA, Ramos AC, Santa-Catarina C, Thelen JJ, Silveira V. Embryogenic Competence Acquisition in Sugar Cane Callus Is Associated with Differential H+-Pump Abundance and Activity. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:2767-2779. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Z. Passamani
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Avenue Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28013-602, Brazil
- Unidade de Biologia Integrativa, Setor de Genômica e Proteômica, UENF, Avenue Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Amanda A. Bertolazi
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, CBB-UENF, Avenue Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Alessandro C. Ramos
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, CBB-UENF, Avenue Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Claudete Santa-Catarina
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, CBB-UENF, Avenue Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28013-602, Brazil
| | | | - Vanildo Silveira
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Avenue Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28013-602, Brazil
- Unidade de Biologia Integrativa, Setor de Genômica e Proteômica, UENF, Avenue Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28013-602, Brazil
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Liu N, Ni Z, Zhang H, Chen Q, Gao W, Cai Y, Li M, Sun G, Qu YY. The Gene Encoding Subunit A of the Vacuolar H +-ATPase From Cotton Plays an Important Role in Conferring Tolerance to Water Deficit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:758. [PMID: 29930564 PMCID: PMC6001365 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In plant cells, vacuolar H+-ATPases (V-ATPases) are responsible for deacidification of the cytosol and energisation of the secondary transport processes across the tonoplast. A number of V-ATPase subunit genes have been demonstrated to be involved in the regulation of the plant response to water deficit. However, there are no reports on the role of V-ATPase subunit A (VHA-A) in dehydration tolerance of cotton. In this study, cotton GhVHA-A gene was functionally characterized, especially with regard to its role in dehydration stress tolerance. Expression analysis showed that GhVHA-A was differentially expressed in various cotton organs and was induced by dehydration, low temperature, high salinity, and abscisic acid treatment in leaves. We also report that GhVHA-A improve dehydration tolerance in transgenic tobacco and cotton. Virus-induced gene silencing of GhVHA-A decreased the tolerance of cotton plantlets to dehydration stress. Silencing GhVHA-A decreased chlorophyll content and antioxidant enzyme activities and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in cotton under dehydration stress. However, transgenic tobacco expressing GhVHA-A exhibited enhanced dehydration resistance, resulting in reduced leaf water loss, higher average root length, and lower MDA levels under dehydration stress. Meanwhile, overexpression of GhVHA-A in tobacco conferred water deficit tolerance by enhancing osmotic adjustment (proline) and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, thereby enhancing reactive oxygen species detoxification. These results suggest that GhVHA-A plays an important role in conferring resistance to dehydration stress. Our results have identified GhVHA-A as a candidate gene for improving dehydration tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Zhiyong Ni
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Quanjia Chen
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Wenwei Gao
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Yongsheng Cai
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Mengyu Li
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Guoqing Sun
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-ying Qu
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China
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130
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Vigani G, Rolli E, Marasco R, Dell'Orto M, Michoud G, Soussi A, Raddadi N, Borin S, Sorlini C, Zocchi G, Daffonchio D. Root bacterial endophytes confer drought resistance and enhance expression and activity of a vacuolar H + -pumping pyrophosphatase in pepper plants. Environ Microbiol 2018; 21:3212-3228. [PMID: 29786171 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It has been previously shown that the transgenic overexpression of the plant root vacuolar proton pumps H+ -ATPase (V-ATPase) and H+ -PPase (V-PPase) confer tolerance to drought. Since plant-root endophytic bacteria can also promote drought tolerance, we hypothesize that such promotion can be associated to the enhancement of the host vacuolar proton pumps expression and activity. To test this hypothesis, we selected two endophytic bacteria endowed with an array of in vitro plant growth promoting traits. Their genome sequences confirmed the presence of traits previously shown to confer drought resistance to plants, such as the synthesis of nitric oxide and of organic volatile organic compounds. We used the two strains on pepper (Capsicuum annuum L.) because of its high sensitivity to drought. Under drought conditions, both strains stimulated a larger root system and enhanced the leaves' photosynthetic activity. By testing the expression and activity of the vacuolar proton pumps, H+ -ATPase (V-ATPase) and H+ -PPase (V-PPase), we found that bacterial colonization enhanced V-PPase only. We conclude that the enhanced expression and activity of V-PPase can be favoured by the colonization of drought-tolerance-inducing bacterial endophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpiero Vigani
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Plant Physiology Unit, 10135, Turin, Italy
| | - Eleonora Rolli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Ramona Marasco
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marta Dell'Orto
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Production, Landscape, Agroenergy (DISAA), University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Grégoire Michoud
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Soussi
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura Raddadi
- Department of Civil, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Borin
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Sorlini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Graziano Zocchi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Production, Landscape, Agroenergy (DISAA), University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Daffonchio
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Role of the potassium/lysine cationic center in catalysis and functional asymmetry in membrane-bound pyrophosphatases. Biochem J 2018. [PMID: 29519958 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-bound pyrophosphatases (mPPases), which couple pyrophosphate hydrolysis to transmembrane transport of H+ and/or Na+ ions, are divided into K+,Na+-independent, Na+-regulated, and K+-dependent families. The first two families include H+-transporting mPPases (H+-PPases), whereas the last family comprises one Na+-transporting, two Na+- and H+-transporting subfamilies (Na+-PPases and Na+,H+-PPases, respectively), and three H+-transporting subfamilies. Earlier studies of the few available model mPPases suggested that K+ binds to a site located adjacent to the pyrophosphate-binding site, but is substituted by the ε-amino group of an evolutionarily acquired lysine residue in the K+-independent mPPases. Here, we performed a systematic analysis of the K+/Lys cationic center across all mPPase subfamilies. An Ala → Lys replacement in K+-dependent mPPases abolished the K+ dependence of hydrolysis and transport activities and decreased these activities close to the level (4-7%) observed for wild-type enzymes in the absence of monovalent cations. In contrast, a Lys → Ala replacement in K+,Na+-independent mPPases conferred partial K+ dependence on the enzyme by unmasking an otherwise conserved K+-binding site. Na+ could partially replace K+ as an activator of K+-dependent mPPases and the Lys → Ala variants of K+,Na+-independent mPPases. Finally, we found that all mPPases were inhibited by excess substrate, suggesting strong negative co-operativity of active site functioning in these homodimeric enzymes; moreover, the K+/Lys center was identified as part of the mechanism underlying this effect. These findings suggest that the mPPase homodimer possesses an asymmetry of active site performance that may be an ancient prototype of the rotational binding-change mechanism of F-type ATPases.
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De Biasi MG, Marabottini R, Paolacci AR, Ciaffi M, Nali C, Lorenzini G, Badiani M. On the interactions among zinc availability and responses to ozone stress in durum wheat seedlings. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:8181-8189. [PMID: 28994034 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Seedlings of durum wheat [Triticum turgidum subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn] were exposed to zinc nutrition and to ozone (O3) in a factorial combination: adequate (+Zn treatment) or no Zn (-Zn) in the nutrient solution, followed by exposure to either ozone-free air (filtered air, FA) or to 150 nL L-1 ozone (O3) for 4 h. Although omitting Zn from the nutrient solution failed to impose a genuine Zn deficiency, -Zn*FA durum wheat seedlings showed a typical deficiency behaviour, i.e. Zn mobilisation from root to shoot. Such inter-organ Zn redistribution, however, did not occur in -Zn*O3 plants. Exposure to each stress singly decreased the activity and the protein amount of foliar plasma membrane H+-ATPase, but not stress combination, which even increased the H+-ATPase expression with respect to control. In the -Zn*O3 plants, moreover, the foliar activities of the plasma membrane-bound NAD(P)H-dependent superoxide synthase and of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase, and the transcripts abundance of the luminal binding protein and of the protein disulphide isomerase, were also stimulated. It is proposed that, even in the absence of actual Zn starvation, the perception of deficiency conditions could trigger changes in redox homoeostasis at the plasma membrane level, helpful in compensating an O3-dependent oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita G De Biasi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosita Marabottini
- Dipartimento per l'Innovazione dei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Via S.C. De Lellis, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Paolacci
- Dipartimento per l'Innovazione dei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Via S.C. De Lellis, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Mario Ciaffi
- Dipartimento per l'Innovazione dei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Via S.C. De Lellis, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Cristina Nali
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lorenzini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Badiani
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, 89122, Reggio Calabria, Italy.
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Zhou A, Liu E, Ma H, Feng S, Gong S, Wang J. NaCl-induced expression of AtVHA-c5 gene in the roots plays a role in response of Arabidopsis to salt stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:443-452. [PMID: 29307003 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2241-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Suppression of AtVHA-c5 expression results in changes in H+ and Na+ fluxes of roots, and increase sensitivity to salt in Arabidopsis. Vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit endomembrane proton pump, is essential in plant growth and response to environmental stresses. In the present study, the function of Arabidopsis V-ATPase subunit c5 (AtVHA-c5) gene in response to salt stress was investigated. Subcellular localization showed that AtVHA-c5 was mainly localized to endosomes and the vacuolar membrane in Arabidopsis. The analysis of quantitative real-time PCR showed that expression of AtVHA-c5 gene was induced by NaCl stress. Histochemical analysis revealed that AtVHA-c5 was expressed in the root epidermis of untreated Arabidopsis and in the whole root elongation zone after NaCl treatment. Phenotypic analysis showed that the atvha-c5 mutant is sensitive to high NaCl as compared to the wild type. The non-invasive micro-test technology measurement demonstrated that the net H+ and Na+ efflux in the root elongation zone of the atvha-c5 mutant was weaker than that of the wild type under NaCl treatment, suggesting that H+ and Na+ fluxes in atvha-c5 roots are impaired under NaCl stress. Moreover, compared to the wild type, the expression of AtSOS1 (salt overly sensitive 1) and AtAHA1 (plasma membrane H+-ATPase 1) were down-regulated in atvha-c5 roots under NaCl stress. Overall, our results indicate that AtVHA-c5 plays a role in Arabidopsis root response to NaCl stress by influencing H+ and Na+ fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Enhui Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Hongping Ma
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Shuang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field (SAVER), Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center (ASNESC), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Shufang Gong
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Jingang Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Hsu YD, Huang YF, Pan YJ, Huang LK, Liao YY, Lin WH, Liu TY, Lee CH, Pan RL. Regulation of H +-pyrophosphatase by 14-3-3 Proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana. J Membr Biol 2018; 251:263-276. [PMID: 29453559 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-018-0020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Plant vacuolar H+-transporting inorganic pyrophosphatase (V-PPase; EC 3.6.1.1) is a crucial enzyme that exists on the tonoplast to maintain pH homeostasis across the vacuolar membrane. This enzyme generates proton gradient between cytosol and vacuolar lumen by hydrolysis of a metabolic byproduct, pyrophosphate (PP i ). The regulation of V-PPase at protein level has drawn attentions of many workers for decades, but its mechanism is still unclear. In this work, we show that AVP1, the V-PPase from Arabidopsis thaliana, is a target protein for regulatory 14-3-3 proteins at the vacuolar membrane, and all twelve 14-3-3 isoforms were analyzed for their association with AVP1. In the presence of 14-3-3ν, -µ, -ο, and -ι, both enzymatic activities and its associated proton pumping of AVP1 were increased. Among these 14-3-3 proteins, 14-3-3 µ shows the highest stimulation on coupling efficiency. Furthermore, 14-3-3ν, -µ, -ο, and -ι exerted protection of AVP1 against the inhibition of suicidal substrate PP i at high concentration. Moreover, the thermal profile revealed the presence of 14-3-3ο improves the structural stability of AVP1 against high temperature deterioration. Additionally, the 14-3-3 proteins mitigate the inhibition of Na+ to AVP1. Besides, the binding sites/motifs of AVP1 were identified for each 14-3-3 protein. Taken together, a working model was proposed to elucidate the association of 14-3-3 proteins with AVP1 for stimulation of its enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Di Hsu
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin Chu, 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Fen Huang
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin Chu, 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yih-Jiuan Pan
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin Chu, 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Li-Kun Huang
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin Chu, 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ya-Yun Liao
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin Chu, 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hua Lin
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin Chu, 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tzu-Yin Liu
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin Chu, 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ching-Hung Lee
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin Chu, 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Rong-Long Pan
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin Chu, 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Gutiérrez-Luna FM, Hernández-Domínguez EE, Valencia-Turcotte LG, Rodríguez-Sotres R. Review: "Pyrophosphate and pyrophosphatases in plants, their involvement in stress responses and their possible relationship to secondary metabolism". PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 267:11-19. [PMID: 29362089 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Pyrophosphate (PPi) is produced as byproduct of biosynthesis in the cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplast, or in the tonoplast and Golgi by membrane-bound H+-pumping pyrophosphatases (PPv). Inorganic pyrophosphatases (E.C. 3.6.1.1; GO:0004427) impulse various biosynthetic reactions by recycling PPi and are essential to living cells. Soluble and membrane-bound enzymes of high specificity have evolved in different protein families and multiple pyrophosphatases are encoded in all plant genomes known to date. The soluble proteins are present in cytoplasm, extracellular space, inside chloroplasts, and perhaps inside mitochondria, nucleus or vacuoles. The cytoplasmic isoforms may compete for PPi with the PPv enzymes and how PPv and soluble activities are controlled is currently unknown, yet the cytoplasmic PPi concentration is high and fairly constant. Manipulation of the PPi metabolism impacts primary metabolism and vice versa, indicating a tight link between PPi levels and carbohydrate metabolism. These enzymes appear to play a role in germination, development and stress adaptive responses. In addition, the transgenic overexpression of PPv has been used to enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stress, but the reasons behind this tolerance are not completely understood. Finally, the relationship of PPi to stress suggest a currently unexplored link between PPi and secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Morayna Gutiérrez-Luna
- FACULTAD DE QUÍMICA, UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO, Ave. Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, P.C. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | | | - Lilián Gabriela Valencia-Turcotte
- FACULTAD DE QUÍMICA, UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO, Ave. Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, P.C. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Rogelio Rodríguez-Sotres
- FACULTAD DE QUÍMICA, UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO, Ave. Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, P.C. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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136
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Morita Y, Hoshino A. Recent advances in flower color variation and patterning of Japanese morning glory and petunia. BREEDING SCIENCE 2018; 68:128-138. [PMID: 29681755 PMCID: PMC5903981 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.17107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The Japanese morning glory (Ipomoea nil) and petunia (Petunia hybrida), locally called "Asagao" and "Tsukubane-asagao", respectively, are popular garden plants. They have been utilized as model plants for studying the genetic basis of floricultural traits, especially anthocyanin pigmentation in flower petals. In their long history of genetic studies, many mutations affecting flower pigmentation have been characterized, and both structural and regulatory genes for the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway have been identified. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in the understanding of flower pigmentation in the two species with respect to flower hue and color patterning. Regarding flower hue, we will describe a novel enhancer of flavonoid production that controls the intensity of flower pigmentation, new aspects related to a flavonoid glucosyltransferase that has been known for a long time, and the regulatory mechanisms of vacuolar pH being a key determinant of red and blue coloration. On color patterning, we describe particular flower patterns regulated by epigenetic and RNA-silencing mechanisms. As high-quality whole genome sequences of the Japanese morning glory and petunia wild parents (P. axillaris and P. inflata, respectively) were published in 2016, further study on flower pigmentation will be accelerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Morita
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University,
Kasugai, Aichi 486-0804,
Japan
- Corresponding author (e-mail: )
| | - Atsushi Hoshino
- National Institute for Basic Biology,
Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585,
Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies),
Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585,
Japan
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137
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Zhao Q, Chen W, Bian J, Xie H, Li Y, Xu C, Ma J, Guo S, Chen J, Cai X, Wang X, Wang Q, She Y, Chen S, Zhou Z, Dai S. Proteomics and Phosphoproteomics of Heat Stress-Responsive Mechanisms in Spinach. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:800. [PMID: 29997633 PMCID: PMC6029058 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Elevated temperatures limit plant growth and reproduction and pose a growing threat to agriculture. Plant heat stress response is highly conserved and fine-tuned in multiple pathways. Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) is a cold tolerant but heat sensitive green leafy vegetable. In this study, heat adaptation mechanisms in a spinach sibling inbred heat-tolerant line Sp75 were investigated using physiological, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic approaches. The abundance patterns of 911 heat stress-responsive proteins, and phosphorylation level changes of 45 phosphoproteins indicated heat-induced calcium-mediated signaling, ROS homeostasis, endomembrane trafficking, and cross-membrane transport pathways, as well as more than 15 transcription regulation factors. Although photosynthesis was inhibited, diverse primary and secondary metabolic pathways were employed for defense against heat stress, such as glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, vitamin metabolism, and isoprenoid biosynthesis. These data constitute a heat stress-responsive metabolic atlas in spinach, which will springboard further investigations into the sophisticated molecular mechanisms of plant heat adaptation and inform spinach molecular breeding initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenxin Chen
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Bian
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Chenxi Xu
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyi Guo
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiaying Chen
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cai
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanhua Wang
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimin She
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Sixue Chen
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Shaojun Dai, Zhiqiang Zhou,
| | - Shaojun Dai
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Shaojun Dai, Zhiqiang Zhou,
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138
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Transcriptomic Profiling and Physiological Analysis of Haloxylon ammodendron in Response to Osmotic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010084. [PMID: 29286291 PMCID: PMC5796034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Haloxylon ammodendron, a perennial xero-halophyte, is an essential species for investigating the effects of drought on desert tree. To gain a comprehensive knowledge on the responses of H. ammodendron to drought stress, we specially performed the molecular and physiological analysis of H. ammodendron in response to -0.75 MPa osmotic stress for six and 24 h in lab condition via RNA-seq and digital gene expression (DGE). In total, 87,109 unigenes with a mean length of 680 bp and 13,486 potential simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were generated, and 3353 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in shoots and 4564 in roots were identified under stress. These DEGs were mainly related to ion transporters, signal transduction, ROS-scavenging, photosynthesis, cell wall organization, membrane stabilization and hormones. Moreover, the physiological changes of inorganic ions and organic solute content, peroxidase (POD) activity and osmotic potential were in accordance with dynamic transcript profiles of the relevant genes. In this study, a detailed investigation of the pathways and candidate genes identified promote the research on the molecular mechanisms of abiotic stress tolerance in the xero-halophytic species. Our data provides valuable genetic resources for future improvement of forage and crop species for better adaptation to abiotic stresses.
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139
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Dreyer I, Gomez-Porras JL, Riedelsberger J. The potassium battery: a mobile energy source for transport processes in plant vascular tissues. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 216:1049-1053. [PMID: 28643868 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Contents 1049 I. 1049 II. 1050 III. 1050 IV. 1050 V. 1051 VI. 1051 VII. 1052 VIII. 1052 1053 References 1053 SUMMARY: Plant roots absorb potassium ions from the soil and transport them in the xylem via the transpiration stream to the shoots. There, in source tissues where sufficient chemical energy (ATP) is available, K+ is loaded into the phloem and then transported with the phloem stream to other parts of the plant; in part, transport is also back to the roots. This, at first sight, futile cycling of K+ has been uncovered to be part of a sophisticated mechanism that (1) enables the shoot to communicate its nutrient demand to the root, (2) contributes to the K+ nutrition of transport phloem tissues and (3) transports energy stored in the K+ gradient between phloem cytosol and the apoplast. This potassium battery can be tapped by opening AKT2-like potassium channels and then enables the ATP-independent energization of other transport processes, such as the reloading of sucrose. Insights into these mechanisms have only been possible by combining wet-lab and dry-lab experiments by means of computational cell biology modeling and simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Dreyer
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Judith Lucia Gomez-Porras
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Janin Riedelsberger
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
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Wang G, Bi A, Amombo E, Li H, Zhang L, Cheng C, Hu T, Fu J. Exogenous Calcium Enhances the Photosystem II Photochemistry Response in Salt Stressed Tall Fescue. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2032. [PMID: 29250091 PMCID: PMC5715236 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Calcium enhances turfgrass response to salt stress. However, little is known about PSII photochemical changes when exogenous calcium was applied in salinity-stressed turfgrass. Here, we probe into the rearrangements of PSII electron transport and endogenous ion accumulation in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber) treated with exogenous calcium under salt stress. Three-month-old seedlings of genotype "TF133" were subjected to the control (CK), salinity (S), salinity + calcium nitrate (SC), and salinity + ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (SE). Calcium nitrate and ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid was used as exogenous calcium donor and calcium chelating agent respectively. At the end of a 5-day duration treatment, samples in SC regime had better photochemistry performance on several parameters than salinity only. Such as the Area (equal to the plastoquinone pool size), N (number of [Formula: see text] redox turnovers until Fm is reached), ψE0, or δRo (Efficiencdy/probability with which a PSII trapped electron is transferred from QA to QB or PSI acceptors), ABS/RC (Absorbed photon flux per RC). All the above suggested that calcium enhanced the electron transfer of PSII (especially beyond [Formula: see text]) and prevented reaction centers from inactivation in salt-stressed tall fescue. Furthermore, both grass shoot and root tissues generally accumulated more C, N, Ca2+, and K+ in the SC regime than S regime. Interrelated analysis indicated that ψE0, δRo, ABS/RC, C, and N content in shoots was highly correlated to each other and significantly positively related to Ca2+ and K+ content in roots. Besides, high salt increased ATP6E and CAMK2 transcription level in shoot at 1 and 5 day, respectively while exogenous calcium relieved it. In root, CAMK2 level was reduced by Salinity at 5 day and exogenous calcium recovered it. These observations involved in electron transport capacity and ion accumulation assist in understanding better the protective role of exogenous calcium in tall fescue under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aoyue Bi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Erick Amombo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huiying Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinmin Fu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, China
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141
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Kumar S, Kalita A, Srivastava R, Sahoo L. Co-expression of Arabidopsis NHX1 and bar Improves the Tolerance to Salinity, Oxidative Stress, and Herbicide in Transgenic Mungbean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1896. [PMID: 29163616 PMCID: PMC5673651 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Mungbean is an important pulse crop extensively cultivated in Southeast Asia for supply of easily digestible protein. Salinity severely limits the growth and productivity of mungbean, and weeding poses nutritional and disease constraints to mungbean cultivation. To pyramid both salt tolerance and protection against herbicide in mungbean, the AtNHX1 encoding tonoplast Na+/H+ antiporter from Arabidopsis, and bar gene associated with herbicide resistance were co-expressed through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Stress inducible expression of AtNHX1 significantly improved tolerance under salt stress to ionic, osmotic, and oxidative stresses in transgenic mungbean plants compared to the wild type (WT) plants, whereas constitutive expression of bar provided resistance to herbicide. Compared to WT, transgenic mungbean plants grew better with higher plant height, foliage, dry mass and seed yield under high salt stress (200 mM NaCl) in the greenhouse. The improved performance of transgenic plants under salt stress was associated with enhanced sequestration of Na+ in roots by vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter and limited transport of toxic Na+ to shoots, possibly by restricting Na+ influx into shoots. Transgenic plants showed better intracellular ion homeostasis, osmoregulation, reduced cell membrane damage, improved photosynthetic capacity, and transpiration rate as compared to WT when subjected to salt stress. Reduction in hydrogen peroxide and oxygen radical production indicated enhanced protection of transgenic plants to both salt- and methyl vialogen (MV)-induced oxidative stress. This study laid a firm foundation for improving mungbean yield in saline lands in Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lingaraj Sahoo
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
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142
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Stritzler M, Muñiz García MN, Schlesinger M, Cortelezzi JI, Capiati DA. The plasma membrane H+-ATPase gene family in Solanum tuberosum L. Role of PHA1 in tuberization. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:4821-4837. [PMID: 28992210 PMCID: PMC5853856 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the characterization of the plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPases in potato, focusing on their role in stolon and tuber development. Seven PM H+-ATPase genes were identified in the Solanum tuberosum genome, designated PHA1-PHA7. PHA genes show distinct expression patterns in different plant tissues and under different stress treatments. Application of PM H+-ATPase inhibitors arrests stolon growth, promotes tuber induction, and reduces tuber size, indicating that PM H+-ATPases are involved in tuberization, acting at different stages of the process. Transgenic potato plants overexpressing PHA1 were generated (PHA1-OE). At early developmental stages, PHA1-OE stolons elongate faster and show longer epidermal cells than wild-type stolons; this accelerated growth is accompanied by higher cell wall invertase activity, lower starch content, and higher expression of the sucrose-H+ symporter gene StSUT1. PHA1-OE stolons display an increased branching phenotype and develop larger tubers. PHA1-OE plants are taller and also present a highly branched phenotype. These results reveal a prominent role for PHA1 in plant growth and development. Regarding tuberization, PHA1 promotes stolon elongation at early stages, and tuber growth later on. PHA1 is involved in the sucrose-starch metabolism in stolons, possibly providing the driving force for sugar transporters to maintain the apoplastic sucrose transport during elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Stritzler
- Institute of Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology ‘Dr. Héctor Torres’ (INGEBI), National Research Council (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Noelia Muñiz García
- Institute of Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology ‘Dr. Héctor Torres’ (INGEBI), National Research Council (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Schlesinger
- Institute of Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology ‘Dr. Héctor Torres’ (INGEBI), National Research Council (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Ignacio Cortelezzi
- Institute of Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology ‘Dr. Héctor Torres’ (INGEBI), National Research Council (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Andrea Capiati
- Institute of Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology ‘Dr. Héctor Torres’ (INGEBI), National Research Council (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Biochemistry Department, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Correspondence: or
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143
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Dai Y, Yang J, Hu W, Zahoor R, Chen B, Zhao W, Meng Y, Zhou Z. Simulative Global Warming Negatively Affects Cotton Fiber Length through Shortening Fiber Rapid Elongation Duration. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9264. [PMID: 28835696 PMCID: PMC5569071 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09545-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Global warming could possibly increase the air temperature by 1.8-4.0 °C in the coming decade. Cotton fiber is an essential raw material for the textile industry. Fiber length, which was found negatively related to the excessively high temperature, determines yarn quality to a great extent. To investigate the effects of global warming on cotton fiber length and its mechaism, cottons grown in artificially elevated temperature (34.6/30.5 °C, Tday/Tnight) and ambient temperature (31.6/27.3 °C) regions have been investigated. Becaused of the high sensitivities of enzymes V-ATPase, PEPC, and genes GhXTH1 and GhXTH2 during fiber elongation when responding to high temperature stress, the fiber rapid elongation duration (FRED) has been shortened, which led to a significant suppression on final fiber length. Through comprehensive analysis, Tnight had a great influence on fiber elongation, which means Tn could be deemed as an ideal index for forecasting the degree of high temperature stress would happen to cotton fiber property in future. Therefore, we speculate the global warming would bring unfavorable effects on cotton fiber length, which needs to take actions in advance for minimizing the loss in cotton production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Dai
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiashuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rizwan Zahoor
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Binglin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yali Meng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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144
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Hu DG, Li YY, Zhang QY, Li M, Sun CH, Yu JQ, Hao YJ. The R2R3-MYB transcription factor MdMYB73 is involved in malate accumulation and vacuolar acidification in apple. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 91:443-454. [PMID: 28423209 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Malate, the predominant organic acid in many fruits, is a crucial component of the organoleptic quality of fruit, including taste and flavor. The genetic and environmental mechanisms affecting malate metabolism in fruit cells have been studied extensively. However, the transcriptional regulation of malate-metabolizing enzymes and vacuolar transporters remains poorly understood. Our previous studies demonstrated that MdMYB1 modulates anthocyanin accumulation and vacuolar acidification by directly activating vacuolar transporters, including MdVHA-B1, MdVHA-E, MdVHP1 and MdtDT. Interestingly, we isolated and identified a MYB transcription factor, MdMYB73, a distant relative of MdMYB1 in this study. It was subsequently found that MdMYB73 protein bound directly to the promoters of MdALMT9 (aluminum-activated malate transporter 9), MdVHA-A (vacuolar ATPase subunit A) and MdVHP1 (vacuolar pyrophosphatase 1), transcriptionally activating their expression and thereby enhancing their activities. Analyses of transgenic apple calli demonstrated that MdMYB73 influenced malate accumulation and vacuolar pH. Furthermore, MdCIbHLH1 interacted with MdMYB73 and enhanced its activity upon downstream target genes. These findings help to elucidate how MdMYB73 directly modulates the vacuolar transport system to affect malate accumulation and vacuolar pH in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Gang Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Quan-Yan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Ming Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Cui-Hui Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
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145
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Tonoplast-localized nitrate uptake transporters involved in vacuolar nitrate efflux and reallocation in Arabidopsis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6417. [PMID: 28743909 PMCID: PMC5526873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06744-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A great proportion of nitrate taken up by plants is stored in vacuoles. Vacuolar nitrate accumulation and release is of great importance to nitrate reallocation and efficient utilization. However, how plants mediate nitrate efflux from vacuoles to cytoplasm is largely unknown. The current study identified NPF5.11, NPF5.12 and NPF5.16 as vacuolar nitrate efflux transporters in Arabidopsis. Histochemical analysis showed that NPF5.11, NPF5.12 and NPF5.16 were expressed preferentially in root pericycle cells and xylem parenchyma cells, and further analysis showed that these proteins were tonoplast-localized. Functional characterization using cRNA-injected Xenopus laevis oocytes showed that NPF5.11, NPF5.12 and NPF5.16 were low-affinity, pH-dependent nitrate uptake transporters. In npf5.11 npf5.12 npf5.16 triple mutant lines, more root-fed 15NO3− was translocated to shoots compared to the wild type control. In the NPF5.12 overexpression lines, proportionally less nitrate was maintained in roots. These data together suggested that NPF5.11, NPF5.12 and NPF5.16 might function to uptake nitrate from vacuoles into cytosol, thus serving as important players to modulate nitrate allocation between roots and shoots.
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146
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Uematsu S, Vandenhove H, Sweeck L, Hees MV, Wannijn J, Smolders E. Foliar uptake of radiocaesium from irrigation water by paddy rice (Oryza sativa): an overlooked pathway in contaminated environments. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:820-829. [PMID: 28102551 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Flooded (paddy) rice (Oryza sativa) can take up ions from the irrigation water by foliar uptake via the exposed stem base. We hypothesised that the stem base uptake of radiocaesium (RCs) is a pathway for rice grown in RCs-contaminated environments. We developed a bi-compartmental device which discriminates the stem base from root RCs uptake from solutions, thereby using RCs isotopes (137 Cs and 134 Cs) with < 2% solution leak between the compartments. Radiocaesium uptake was linear over time (0-24 h). Radiocaesium uptake to the entire plant, expressed per dry weight of the exposed parts, was sixfold higher for the roots than for the exposed stem base. At equal RCs concentrations in both compartments, the exposed stem base and root uptake contributed almost equally to the total shoot RCs concentrations. Reducing potassium supply to the roots not only increased the root RCs uptake but also increased RCs uptake by the stem base. This study was the first to experimentally demonstrate active and internally regulated RCs uptake by the stem base of rice. Scenario calculations for the Fukushima-affected area predict that RCs in irrigation water could be an important source of RCs in rice as indirectly suggested from field data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Uematsu
- Biosphere Impact Studies, SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium
- Division of Soil and Water Management, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hildegarde Vandenhove
- Biosphere Impact Studies, SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Lieve Sweeck
- Biosphere Impact Studies, SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - May Van Hees
- Biosphere Impact Studies, SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Jean Wannijn
- Biosphere Impact Studies, SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Erik Smolders
- Division of Soil and Water Management, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
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147
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Almeida DM, Oliveira MM, Saibo NJM. Regulation of Na+ and K+ homeostasis in plants: towards improved salt stress tolerance in crop plants. Genet Mol Biol 2017; 40:326-345. [PMID: 28350038 PMCID: PMC5452131 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress that results in considerable crop yield losses worldwide. However, some plant genotypes show a high tolerance to soil salinity, as they manage to maintain a high K+/Na+ ratio in the cytosol, in contrast to salt stress susceptible genotypes. Although, different plant genotypes show different salt tolerance mechanisms, they all rely on the regulation and function of K+ and Na+ transporters and H+ pumps, which generate the driving force for K+ and Na+ transport. In this review we will introduce salt stress responses in plants and summarize the current knowledge about the most important ion transporters that facilitate intra- and intercellular K+ and Na+ homeostasis in these organisms. We will describe and discuss the regulation and function of the H+-ATPases, H+-PPases, SOS1, HKTs, and NHXs, including the specific tissues where they work and their response to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego M Almeida
- Genomics of Plant Stress Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa and Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - M Margarida Oliveira
- Genomics of Plant Stress Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa and Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Nelson J M Saibo
- Genomics of Plant Stress Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa and Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
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148
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Miranda RDS, Mesquita RO, Costa JH, Alvarez-Pizarro JC, Prisco JT, Gomes-Filho E. Integrative Control Between Proton Pumps and SOS1 Antiporters in Roots is Crucial for Maintaining Low Na+ Accumulation and Salt Tolerance in Ammonium-Supplied Sorghum bicolor. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:522-536. [PMID: 28158828 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
An effective strategy for re-establishing K+ and Na+ homeostasis is a challenge for the improvement of plant performance in saline soil. Specifically, attempts to understand the mechanisms of Na+ extrusion from plant cells, the control of Na+ loading in the xylem and the partitioning of the accumulated Na+ between different plant organs are ongoing. Our goal was to provide insight into how an external nitrogen source affects Na+ accumulation in Sorghum bicolor under saline conditions. The NH4+ supply improved the salt tolerance of the plant by restricting Na+ accumulation and improving the K+/Na+ homeostasis in shoots, which was consistent with the high activity and expression of Na+/H+ antiporters and proton pumps in the plasma membrane and vacuoles in the roots, resulting in low Na+ loading in the xylem. Conversely, although NO3--grown plants had exclusion and sequestration mechanisms for Na+, these responses were not sufficient to reduce Na+ accumulation. In conclusion, NH4+ acts as an efficient signal to activate co-ordinately responses involved in the regulation of Na+ homeostasis in sorghum plants under salt stress, which leads to salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael de Souza Miranda
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Salinidade (INCTSal/CNPq), Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60440-554, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - José Hélio Costa
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Salinidade (INCTSal/CNPq), Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60440-554, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Juan Carlos Alvarez-Pizarro
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias e da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Cariri, 63133-610, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Tarquinio Prisco
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Salinidade (INCTSal/CNPq), Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60440-554, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Enéas Gomes-Filho
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Salinidade (INCTSal/CNPq), Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60440-554, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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149
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Shamustakimova AO, Leonova ТG, Taranov VV, de Boer AH, Babakov AV. Cold stress increases salt tolerance of the extremophytes Eutrema salsugineum (Thellungiella salsuginea) and Eutrema (Thellungiella) botschantzevii. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 208:128-138. [PMID: 27940414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A comparative study was performed to analyze the effect of cold acclimation on improving the resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana, Eutrema salsugineum and Eutrema botschantzevii plants to salt stress. Shoot FW, sodium and potassium accumulation, metabolite content, expression of proton pump genes VAB1, VAB2,VAB3, VP2, HA3 and genes encoding ion transporters SOS1, HKT1, NHX1, NHX2, NHX5 located in the plasma membrane or tonoplast were determined just after the cold treatment and the onset of the salt stress. In the same cold-acclimated E. botschantzevii plants, the Na+ concentration after salt treatment was around 80% lower than in non-acclimated plants, whereas the K+ concentration was higher. As a result of cold acclimation, the expression of, VAB3, NHX2, NHX5 genes and of SOS1, VP2, HA3 genes was strongly enhanced in E. botschantzevii and in E. salsugineum plants correspondently. None of the 10 genes analyzed showed any expression change in A. thaliana plants after cold acclimation. Altogether, the results indicate that cold-induced adaptation to subsequent salt stress exists in the extremophytes E. botschantzevii and to a lesser extend in E. salsugineum and is absent in Arabidopsis. This phenomenon may be attributed to the increased expression of ion transporter genes during cold acclimation in the Eutrema species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Shamustakimova
- All_Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Timiryazevskaya st., 42, Moscow 127550 Russia
| | - Т G Leonova
- All_Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Timiryazevskaya st., 42, Moscow 127550 Russia
| | - V V Taranov
- All_Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Timiryazevskaya st., 42, Moscow 127550 Russia
| | - A H de Boer
- Department of Structural Biology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A V Babakov
- All_Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Timiryazevskaya st., 42, Moscow 127550 Russia.
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150
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Daouda MP, Bouchra EK, Roman PCJ, Aurelio SD, Abdelaziz S. Inorganic Pyrophosphatases: Study of Interest. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2017.810028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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