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Community context, birth cohorts and childhood body mass index trajectories: Evidence from the China nutrition and health survey 1991-2011. Health Place 2020; 66:102455. [PMID: 33011489 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Childhood overweight and obesity have shown an increase in recent birth cohorts. China has undergone rapid socioeconomic transitions accompanied by lifestyle changes that have profoundly affected the physical growth of children. Less empirical research has considered the role of community context on the cohort effects of children's body mass index (BMI) z-score trajectories. We used the mixed effect models for repeated measurements with restricted cubic spline to predict the BMI z-score trajectories in children aged 1-17 years, influenced by different birth cohorts and community context using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1991 to 2011, and stratified by sex. Results indicated that the mean of BMI z-scores of children aged 1-17 years have increased in the 2000s cohort. Community context contributed to significant differences in BMI z-score increase with age from middle childhood, and this trend of community inequalities divergences in middle childhood in recent birth cohorts. Therefore, to promote equitable growth for all children in China, policy interventions focusing on the community context may have far-reaching effects on the health of children and adolescents.
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102
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Dendup T, Feng X, O'Shaughnessy PY, Astell-Burt T. Role of perceived neighbourhood crime in the longitudinal association between perceived built environment and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a moderated mediation analysis. J Epidemiol Community Health 2020; 75:120-127. [PMID: 32967894 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2020-214175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined to what extent perceived neighbourhood crime moderates, associations between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and perceived local amenities, recreational facilities, footpaths and public transit, and potential mediation of environmental characteristics-T2DM association by physical activity, social contact, sleep and body mass index (BMI). METHODS The 45 and Up Study data of 36, 224 individuals collected from 2010 to 2015 were analysed in 2019 using multilevel logistic regression to examine the association between T2DM and clustering of unfavourable built environment, and any difference in the association with increasing unfavourable environment and area disadvantage. We performed causal mediation analyses stratified by crime to examine whether crime moderated the strength of identified local amenities-T2DM pathways. RESULTS The results showed that irrespective of crime, perceived lack of local amenities was associated with increased odds of developing T2DM, and BMI mediated 40% and 30.3% of this association among those who reported unsafe and safe daytime crime, respectively. The proportion mediated by BMI among those who reported unsafe and safe night-time crime was 27.3% and 35.1%, respectively. Walking mediated 5.7% of the local amenities-T2DM association among those who reported safe daytime crime. The odds of T2DM increased with rising unfavourable environment and area disadvantage. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the availability of neighbourhood amenities may lower T2DM risk by increasing walking and reducing BMI regardless of area crime. Policies to enhance access to local amenities and prevent crime, especially in disadvantaged areas, may support healthy behaviour and physical health that can potentially reduce T2DM risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tashi Dendup
- Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Xiaoqi Feng
- Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Menzies Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - P Y O'Shaughnessy
- School of Mathematics and Applied Statistics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas Astell-Burt
- Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia .,Menzies Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,School of Public Health, Peking Union Medical College and The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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103
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Mason KE, Pearce N, Cummins S. Do neighbourhood characteristics act together to influence BMI? A cross-sectional study of urban parks and takeaway/fast-food stores as modifiers of the effect of physical activity facilities. Soc Sci Med 2020; 261:113242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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104
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Xiao Y, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Tao P, Kuang X. Does Green Space Really Matter for Residents' Obesity? A New Perspective From Baidu Street View. Front Public Health 2020; 8:332. [PMID: 32850579 PMCID: PMC7426459 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a growing literature on the topic, the association between neighborhood greenness and body weight is inconsistent. The objective of this research is to examine the association between neighborhood greenness and residents' obesity levels in a high population density area. We accounted for three greenness features: green access, green exposure, and view-based green index. We used the novel technique of deep convolutional neural network architecture to extract eye-level information from Baidu Street View images to capture the urban vertical greenness level. The research involved a survey with 9,524 respondents from 40 communities in Shanghai. Generally, we found all aspects of horizontal greenery, vertical greenery, and proximity of green levels to be impactful on body weight; however, only the view-based green index consistently had an adverse effect on weight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiao
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- Shanghai Tongji Urban Planning and Design Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Peihong Tao
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Kuang
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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105
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A geospatial analysis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the food environment in urban New Zealand. Soc Sci Med 2020; 288:113231. [PMID: 32741687 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research is to analyse the spatial epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and investigate associations with the built environment in urban New Zealand. Data on T2DM was sourced from the New Zealand Virtual Diabetes Register (2016), and data on environmental variables sourced from the Ministry for Primary Industries and Territorial Authorities (2013-2016). Novel measures of the built environment using an enhanced two-step floating catchment area model were established using data on fast food outlets, takeaways, dairy/convenience stores, supermarkets and fruit/vegetable stores. Rates of T2DM per 1000 population and standardised morbidity ratios were computed and visualised for all urban areas. Getis Ord was used to assess spatial clustering, and Bayesian modelling was used to understand associations between T2DM and environmental variables. Results indicate that T2DM is influenced by demographic factors, spatially clustered and associated with accessibility to environmental exposures. Health-promoting resources, such as fruit/vegetable stores, were shown to have a consistently protective effect on T2DM while those considered detrimental to health showed varying, and largely insignificant, associations. This is the first study in New Zealand to spatially quantify the effects of multiple environmental exposures on population level T2DM for all urban areas using a geospatial approach. It has implications for both policy and future research efforts as a deeper knowledge of local environments forms a basis on which to better understand spatial associations between the built environment and health, as well as formulate policy directed toward environmental influences on chronic health conditions.
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106
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Johnson KA, Jones-Smith J, Curriero FC, Cheskin LJ, Benjamin-Neelon SE, Perin J, Caicedo MR, Thornton RLJ. Low-Income Black and Hispanic Children's Neighborhood Food Environments and Weight Trajectories in Early Childhood. Acad Pediatr 2020; 20:784-792. [PMID: 31783182 PMCID: PMC7324231 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High obesity rates among young black and Hispanic children place them at a higher risk for adult obesity and its comorbidities. Neighborhoods with predominately racial and ethnic minority residents have fewer healthful food options, which may contribute to obesity disparities. Few studies have assessed the relationship between neighborhood food environments and obesity in this population. METHODS Electronic health records from 2 pediatric primary care clinics serving predominately low-income, black, and Hispanic children were used to create a cohort of 3724 2- to 5-year olds, encompassing 7256 visits from 2007 to 2012 (mean 1.9 visits per patient, range: 1-5 visits per child). Longitudinal regression was used to model the association of mean body mass index z-score (BMI-z) over time and 3 measures of the neighborhood food environment: healthful food availability, availability of stores accepting the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) benefits, and fast food availability. RESULTS Compared to peers in neighborhoods with no or few stores accepting WIC, children in neighborhoods with many WIC stores had higher BMI-z at age 2 years (average difference of 0.272; 95% confidence interval: 0.041-0.503; P = .021). No relationship was found for healthful food or fast food availability. Although children in neighborhoods with low fast food availability did not have statistically significantly different BMI-z at age 2 as compared to children in areas with high fast food availability, they did have a statistically significantly higher change in average BMI-z over time (0.006 per month, 0.000-0.012, P = .024). CONCLUSIONS Access to WIC stores was associated with lower obesity rates and more healthful average BMI-z over time and represents a potentially important neighborhood food environment characteristic influencing racial/ethnic disparities in childhood obesity among young black and Hispanic children. More studies are needed to assess what aspects of WIC stores may underlie the observed association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Abowd Johnson
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (KA Johnson, SE Benjamin-Neelon, and RLJ Thornton), Baltimore, Md
| | - Jessica Jones-Smith
- University of Washington School of Public Health (J Jones-Smith), Seattle, Wash
| | - Frank C Curriero
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (FC Curriero), Baltimore, Md
| | - Lawrence J Cheskin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, College of Health & Human Services (LJ Cheskin), Fairfax, Va
| | - Sara E Benjamin-Neelon
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (KA Johnson, SE Benjamin-Neelon, and RLJ Thornton), Baltimore, Md
| | - Jamie Perin
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (J Perin), Baltimore, Md
| | - Mariana Rincon Caicedo
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (MR Caicedo and RLJ Thornton), Baltimore, Md
| | - Rachel L J Thornton
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (KA Johnson, SE Benjamin-Neelon, and RLJ Thornton), Baltimore, Md; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (MR Caicedo and RLJ Thornton), Baltimore, Md.
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107
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Zhang D, Jones RR, Powell-Wiley TM, Jia P, James P, Xiao Q. A large prospective investigation of outdoor light at night and obesity in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Environ Health 2020; 19:74. [PMID: 32611430 PMCID: PMC7329409 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00628-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has suggested that artificial light at night (LAN) may disrupt circadian rhythms, sleep, and contribute to the development of obesity. However, almost all previous studies are cross-sectional, thus, there is a need for prospective investigations of the association between LAN and obesity risk. The goal of our current study was to examine the association between baseline LAN and the development of obesity over follow-up in a large cohort of American adults. METHODS The study included a sample of 239,781 men and women (aged 50-71) from the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study who were not obese at baseline (1995-1996). We used multiple logistic regression to examine whether LAN at baseline was associated with the odds of developing obesity at follow-up (2004-2006). Outdoor LAN exposure was estimated from satellite imagery and obesity was measured based on self-reported weight and height. RESULTS We found that higher outdoor LAN at baseline was associated with higher odds of developing obesity over 10 years. Compared with the lowest quintile of LAN, the highest quintile was associated with 12% and 19% higher odds of developing obesity at follow-up in men (OR (95% CI) = 1.12 (1.00, 1.250)) and women (1.19 (1.04, 1.36)), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that high LAN exposure could predict a higher risk of developing obesity in middle-to-older aged American adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, E125 Field House, 225 S Grand Ave, Iowa City, Iowa, 52240, USA.
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Tiffany M Powell-Wiley
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peng Jia
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- International Initiative on Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Hong Kong, China
| | - Peter James
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse (CoRAL), Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
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108
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The social context of nearest neighbors shapes educational attainment regardless of class origin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:14918-14925. [PMID: 32541045 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1922532117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the association between sociospatial neighborhood conditions throughout childhood and educational attainment in adulthood. Using unique longitudinal microdata for a medium-sized Swedish town, we geocode its population at the address level, 1939 to 1967, and link individuals to national registers, 1968 to 2015. Thus, we adopt a long-term perspective on the importance of nearby neighbors during a period when higher education expanded. Applying a method for estimating individual neighborhoods at the address level, we analyze the association between the geographically weighted social class of the nearest 6 to 100 childhood neighbors (ages 2 to 17), and the likelihood of obtaining a university degree by age 40, controlling for both family social class and school districts. We show that even when growing up in a town with relatively low economic inequality, the social class of the nearest same-age neighbors in childhood was associated with educational attainment, and that the associations were similar regardless of class origin. Growing up in low-class neighborhoods lowered educational attainment; growing up in high-class neighborhoods increased attainment. Social class and neighborhoods reinforced each other, implying that high-class children clustered with each other had much higher odds of obtaining a university degree than low-class children from low-class neighborhoods. Thus, even if all groups benefited from the great expansion of free higher education in Sweden (1960s to 1970s), the large inequalities between the classes and neighborhoods remained unchanged throughout the period. These findings show the importance of an advantageous background, both regarding the immediate family and the networks of nearby people of the same age.
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109
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Green MA, Pradeilles R, Laar A, Osei-Kwasi H, Bricas N, Coleman N, Klomegah S, Wanjohi MN, Tandoh A, Akparibo R, Aryeetey RNO, Griffiths P, Kimani-Murage EW, Mensah K, Muthuri S, Zotor F, Holdsworth M. Investigating foods and beverages sold and advertised in deprived urban neighbourhoods in Ghana and Kenya: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e035680. [PMID: 32595155 PMCID: PMC7322322 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to characterise the local foods and beverages sold and advertised in three deprived urban African neighbourhoods. DESIGN Cross-sectional observational study. We undertook an audit of all food outlets (outlet type and food sold) and food advertisements. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise exposures. Latent class analysis was used to explore the interactions between food advertisements, food outlet types and food type availability. SETTING Three deprived neighbourhoods in African cities: Jamestown in Accra, Ho Dome in Ho (both Ghana) and Makadara in Nairobi (Kenya). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Types of foods and beverages sold and/or advertised. RESULTS Jamestown (80.5%) and Makadara (70.9%) were dominated by informal vendors. There was a wide diversity of foods, with high availability of healthy (eg, staples, vegetables) and unhealthy foods (eg, processed/fried foods, sugar-sweetened beverages). Almost half of all advertisements were for sugar-sweetened beverages (48.3%), with higher exposure to alcohol adverts compared with other items as well (28.5%). We identified five latent classes which demonstrated the clustering of healthier foods in informal outlets, and unhealthy foods in formal outlets. CONCLUSION Our study presents one of the most detailed geospatial exploration of the urban food environment in Africa. The high exposure of sugar-sweetened beverages and alcohol both available and advertised represent changing urban food environments. The concentration of unhealthy foods and beverages in formal outlets and advertisements of unhealthy products may offer important policy opportunities for regulation and action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Alan Green
- Department of Geography & Planning, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rebecca Pradeilles
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Amos Laar
- Department of Population, Family & Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Nathaniel Coleman
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Senam Klomegah
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana
| | - Milka Njeri Wanjohi
- Maternal and Child Wellbeing Unit, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Akua Tandoh
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Robert Akparibo
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Paula Griffiths
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | | | - Kobby Mensah
- Business School, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | | | - Francis Zotor
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana
| | - Michelle Holdsworth
- NUTRIPASS Unit, French Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Montpellier, France
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Rossi CE, Patrícia de Fragas H, Corrêa EN, das Neves J, de Vasconcelos FDAG. Association between food, physical activity, and social assistance environments and the body mass index of schoolchildren from different socioeconomic strata. J Public Health (Oxf) 2020; 41:e25-e34. [PMID: 29846685 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdy086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this article was to evaluate associations between body mass index (BMI) and use of and distance from subjects homes of elements of the food and physical activity environments and use of social assistance environment, in schoolchildren from 7 to 14 years living in Florianópolis (South Brazil), stratified by monthly family income. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a probabilistic sample of 2152 schoolchildren. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted to test for associations between BMI and the use of and distance from supermarkets, bakeries and farmers' markets; use of and distance from parks/playgrounds and football pitches; and use of health centers, Reference Centers for Social Assistance, instructional facilities, residents associations, religious groups and a Brazilian program for cash transfer. Overweight and obesity rates were 21.5 and 12.7%, respectively. Among schoolchildren from low-income families, living more than 11 min' walk from parks/playgrounds was associated with higher BMI (β = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.33-0.73). In the high-income strata, a longer distance from home to football pitches was associated with lower BMI (β = -0.49; 95% CI = -0.69; -0.29). Neither food nor social assistance environments were associated with BMI of schoolchildren, even when analyzed by income strata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Elizandra Rossi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição (PPGN), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rua Engenheiro Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira, s/n, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco A, 208, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Hinnig Patrícia de Fragas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição (PPGN), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rua Engenheiro Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira, s/n, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco A, 208, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Nappi Corrêa
- Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rua Engenheiro Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira, s/n, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco A, 208, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Janaina das Neves
- Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rua Engenheiro Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira, s/n, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco A, 208, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Francisco de Assis Guedes de Vasconcelos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição (PPGN), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rua Engenheiro Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira, s/n, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco A, 208, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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111
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Rugel EJ, Brauer M. Quiet, clean, green, and active: A Navigation Guide systematic review of the impacts of spatially correlated urban exposures on a range of physical health outcomes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 185:109388. [PMID: 32244108 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent epidemiologic analyses have considered impacts of multiple spatially correlated urban exposures, but this literature has not been systematically evaluated. OBJECTIVES To characterize the long-term impacts of four distinct spatially correlated urban environmental exposures - traffic-related air pollution (TRAP), noise, natural spaces, and neighborhood walkability - by evaluating studies including measures of at least two such exposures in relationship to mortality, cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, allergy, type 2 diabetes, or reproductive outcomes. METHODS Following the Navigation Guide framework, the literature was searched for studies published since 2003 and meeting predefined inclusion criteria. Identified studies were scored individually for risk of bias and all studies related to an exposure-group set were appraised for overall quality and strength of evidence. RESULTS A total of 51 individual studies (TRAP and noise: n = 29; TRAP and natural spaces: n = 10; noise and natural spaces: n = 2; TRAP, noise, and natural spaces: n = 7; TRAP, noise, natural spaces, and walkability: n = 3) were included. When TRAP and noise were considered jointly, evidence was sufficient for increased cardiovascular morbidity with higher noise exposures; sufficient for no effect of TRAP on CVD morbidity; sufficient for increased mortality with higher TRAP exposures, but limited for noise; and limited for increased adverse reproductive outcomes with higher TRAP exposures and no effect of noise. Looking at natural spaces and TRAP, there was limited evidence for lower risk of chronic respiratory disease and small increases in birthweight with greater natural space; this relationship with birthweight persisted after adjustment for noise as well. Evidence was inadequate for all other exposure groups and outcomes. DISCUSSION Studies that properly account for the complexity of relationships between urban form and physical health are limited but suggest that even highly correlated exposures may have distinct effects. REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO 2018 CRD42018106050.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Jessica Rugel
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 3rd Floor - 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, Canada
| | - Michael Brauer
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 3rd Floor - 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, Canada; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 5th Ave, Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98121, USA.
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112
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van Rongen S, Poelman MP, Thornton L, Abbott G, Lu M, Kamphuis CBM, Verkooijen K, de Vet E. Neighbourhood fast food exposure and consumption: the mediating role of neighbourhood social norms. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:61. [PMID: 32404102 PMCID: PMC7218623 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00969-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The association between the residential fast food environment and diet has gained growing attention. However, why the food environment affects food consumption is under-examined. This study aimed to investigate neighbourhood social norms with respect to fast food consumption as a potential mediating pathway between residential fast food outlet exposure and residents’ fast food consumption. Methods A correlational study was conducted in which a nationwide sample of 1038 respondents living across The Netherlands completed a survey. Respondents reported their fast food consumption (amount/week) as well as perceived descriptive and injunctive norms regarding fast food consumption in their neighbourhood. Fast food outlet exposure was measured by the average count of fast food outlets within a 400 m walking distance buffer around the zip-codes of the respondents, using a retail outlet database. Regression models were used to assess associations between residential fast food outlet exposure, fast food consumption, and social norm perceptions, and a bootstrapping procedure was used to test the indirect -mediation- effect. Separate analyses were performed for descriptive norms and injunctive norms. Results There was no overall or direct association between residential fast food outlet exposure and residents’ fast food consumption. However, fast food outlet exposure was positively associated with neighbourhood social norms (descriptive and injunctive) regarding fast food consumption, which in turn were positively associated with the odds of consuming fast food. Moreover, results of the bootstrapped analysis provided evidence of indirect effects of fast food outlet exposure on fast food consumption, via descriptive norms and injunctive norms. Conclusions In neighbourhoods with more fast food outlets, residents were more likely to perceive fast food consumption in the neighbourhood as more common and appropriate. In turn, stronger neighbourhood social norms were associated with higher fast food consumption. Acknowledging the correlational design, this study is the first that implies that neighbourhood social norms may be a mediating pathway in the relation between the residential fast food environment and fast food consumption. Future research may examine the role of neighbourhood social norms in other contexts and explore how the changing food environment may shift our consumption norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie van Rongen
- Consumption and Healthy Lifestyles Group, Wageningen University & Research, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Maartje P Poelman
- Consumption and Healthy Lifestyles Group, Wageningen University & Research, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Human Geography, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lukar Thornton
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Gavin Abbott
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Meng Lu
- Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn B M Kamphuis
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 14, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Verkooijen
- Health and Society Group, Wageningen University & Research, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Emely de Vet
- Consumption and Healthy Lifestyles Group, Wageningen University & Research, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Kartschmit N, Sutcliffe R, Sheldon MP, Moebus S, Greiser KH, Hartwig S, Thürkow D, Stentzel U, van den Berg N, Wolf K, Maier W, Peters A, Ahmed S, Köhnke C, Mikolajczyk R, Wienke A, Kluttig A, Rudge G. Walkability and its association with walking/cycling and body mass index among adults in different regions of Germany: a cross-sectional analysis of pooled data from five German cohorts. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e033941. [PMID: 32350013 PMCID: PMC7213856 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine three walkability measures (points of interest (POI), transit stations and impedance (restrictions to walking) within 640 m of participant's addresses) in different regions in Germany and assess the relationships between walkability, walking/cycling and body mass index (BMI) using generalised additive models. SETTING Five different regions and cities of Germany using data from five cohort studies. PARTICIPANTS For analysing walking/cycling behaviour, there were 6269 participants of a pooled sample from three cohorts with a mean age of 59.2 years (SD: 14.3) and of them 48.9% were male. For analysing BMI, there were 9441 participants of a pooled sample of five cohorts with a mean age of 62.3 years (SD: 12.8) and of them 48.5% were male. OUTCOMES (1) Self-reported walking/cycling (dichotomised into more than 30 min and 30 min and less per day; (2) BMI calculated with anthropological measures from weight and height. RESULTS Higher impedance was associated with lower prevalence of walking/cycling more than 30 min/day (prevalence ratio (PR): 0.95; 95% CI 0.93 to 0.97), while higher number of POI and transit stations were associated with higher prevalence (PR 1.03; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.05 for both measures). Higher impedance was associated with higher BMI (ß: 0.15; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.25) and a higher number of POI with lower BMI (ß: -0.14; 95% CI -0.24 to 0.04). No association was found between transit stations and BMI (ß: 0.005, 95% CI -0.11 to 0.12). Stratified by cohort we observed heterogeneous associations between BMI and transit stations and impedance. CONCLUSION We found evidence for associations of walking/cycling with walkability measures. Associations for BMI differed across cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Kartschmit
- Institute of Med. Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Robynne Sutcliffe
- Centre for Urban Epidemiology, University Clinics Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Moebus
- Centre for Urban Epidemiology, University Clinics Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karin Halina Greiser
- Institute of Med. Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Saskia Hartwig
- Institute of Med. Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Detlef Thürkow
- Institute of Geosciences and Geography, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Ulrike Stentzel
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Neeltje van den Berg
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kathrin Wolf
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Werner Maier
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Salman Ahmed
- Centre for Urban Epidemiology, University Clinics Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Corinna Köhnke
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Institute of Med. Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Andreas Wienke
- Institute of Med. Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Alexander Kluttig
- Institute of Med. Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gavin Rudge
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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114
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Moon G, Pearce J. Twenty-five years of Health & Place: Citation classics, internationalism and interdisciplinarity. Health Place 2020; 61:102202. [PMID: 32329719 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To mark 25 years of Health & Place Health & Place, we identify and appraise some key contributions to the journal over this period. We use citation data to identify 'classics' from the journal's back catalogue. We also examine trends in the international reach and disciplinary homes of our authors. We show that there has been a near 7-fold increase in the number of published papers between the early and most recent years of the journal and that the journal's citation levels are amongst the top 2% of social science journals. Amongst the most cited papers, some clear themes are evident such as physical activity, diet/food, obesity and topics relating to greenspace. The profile of the journal's authors is becoming more internationally diverse, represents a broader range of disciplines, and increasingly demonstrating cross/interdisciplinary ways of working. Although Anglophone countries have led the way, there is an increasing number of contributions from elsewhere including emerging economies such as China. We conclude with some comments on likely future directions for the journal including enduring concerns such as greenspace, obesity, diet and unhealthy commodities (alcohol, tobacco, ultra-processed food) as well as more recent directions including planetary health, longitudinal and lifecourse analyses, and the opportunities (and challenges) of big data and machine learning. Whatever the thematic concerns of the papers over next 25 years, we will continue to welcome outstanding research that is concerned with the importance place makes to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Moon
- School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, England, United Kingdom.
| | - Jamie Pearce
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Drummond Street, EH8 9XP, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Food environments are the interface through which people interact with the broader food system. They are a key determinant of healthy and sustainable diets. The widespread use of digital technology in late modernity and the shift towards a digital society have posed new challenges for nutrition and health, with a concomitant surge in research on social media, digital health promotion interventions, and more recently, increasing interest in digital food marketing. While the literature is abundant on studies linking food, nutrition and digital technology, the effort to conceptualise and describe the digital food environment is new. This scoping review aims to support the development of a definition of the digital food environment and characterise it, along with key thematic research trends on this topic and potential consequences for nutrition and health. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The planned scoping review will be supported by the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley and further developed by Levac et al. Development and reporting will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalyses-Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist and guidelines. The development of the search strategy was guided by the food environment conceptual framework developed by Turner et al. Four databases will be searched: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science. Citation searching will be applied to identify additional studies, through checking of reference lists of primary studies and reviews. Studies in English, published from the year 2000 onwards, will be included. No geographical or population limits will be applied. Data will be extracted and analysed using a standardised charting tool. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION No ethical approval is required for this study. The results will be submitted to an international peer-reviewed journal and scientific conferences. They will be disseminated through digital science communication platforms, including academic social media, to amplify its reach and usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Ionata Granheim
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - Elin Opheim
- Department of Research, University Library, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - Laura Terragni
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Liv Elin Torheim
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Miranda Thurston
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
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Hooper P, Foster S, Bull F, Knuiman M, Christian H, Timperio A, Wood L, Trapp G, Boruff B, Francis J, Strange C, Badland H, Gunn L, Falconer R, Learnihan V, McCormack G, Sugiyama T, Giles-Corti B. Living liveable? RESIDE's evaluation of the "Liveable Neighborhoods" planning policy on the health supportive behaviors and wellbeing of residents in Perth, Western Australia. SSM Popul Health 2020; 10:100538. [PMID: 32072006 PMCID: PMC7016024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The RESIDential Environments (RESIDE) project is a unique longitudinal natural experiment designed to evaluate the health impacts of the "Liveable Neighbourhoods" planning policy, which was introduced by the Western Australian government to create more walkable suburbs. OBJECTIVES To summarize the RESIDE evidence of the impact of the planning policy on a range of health-supportive behaviours and wellbeing outcomes and to assess the consistency and direction of the estimates of associations. METHODS An audit of 26 RESIDE research papers (from 2003 to 2012) identified the number of positive associations (statistically significant and consistent with policy expectations), negative associations (statistically significant and inconsistent with policy expectations), and null findings from multiple-exposure models between objective and perceived measures of 20 policy design requirements and 13 health-supportive behaviors and wellbeing outcomes. RESULTS In total 332 eligible estimates of associations (n = 257 objective measures and n = 75 perceived measures) were identified. Positively significant findings were detected for: 57% of walking estimates with objectively measured policy design features (negative = 3%; null = 40%) (n = 115) and 54% perceived measures (negative = 0%; null = 33%) (n = 27); 42% of sense of community estimates with objectively measured of policy design features (negative = 8%; null = 50%) (n = 12) and 61% perceived measures (negative = 8%; null = 31%) (n = 13); 39% of safety or crime-related estimates with objectively measured of policy design features (negative = 22%; null = 39%) (n = 28) and 100% perceived measures (n = 7). All (n = 4) estimates for mental health outcomes with objectively measured policy-related design features were positively significant. CONCLUSIONS The synthesis of findings suggests that new suburban communities built in accordance with the "Liveable Neighbourhoods" policy have the potential to encourage health supportive behaviors and wellbeing outcomes including transport and recreation walking, and to create neighborhoods with a stronger sense of community where residents may feel safer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Hooper
- Australian Urban Design Research Centre, School of Design, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Sarah Foster
- Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Fiona Bull
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthew Knuiman
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Hayley Christian
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Anna Timperio
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Lisa Wood
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Gina Trapp
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Bryan Boruff
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Jacinta Francis
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Cecily Strange
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Hannah Badland
- Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lucy Gunn
- Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Vincent Learnihan
- Centre for Research and Action in Public Health, Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Gavin McCormack
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, NW Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Takemi Sugiyama
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Billie Giles-Corti
- Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Richardson AS, Ghosh-Dastidar M, Collins RL, Hunter GP, Troxel WM, Colabianchi N, Cohen DA, Dubowitz T. Improved Street Walkability, Incivilities, and Esthetics Are Associated with Greater Park Use in Two Low-Income Neighborhoods. J Urban Health 2020; 97:204-212. [PMID: 31989419 PMCID: PMC7101449 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-019-00416-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Parks may provide opportunities for people to increase their physical activity and improve health. Yet, parks are generally less plentiful and underutilized in low-income urban neighborhoods compared with more advantaged neighborhoods. Renovations within and around parks may improve park utilization but the empirical evidence supporting this relationship is scarce. This study assessed the impact of greenspace, housing, and commercial investments on street characteristics (walkability, amenities, incivilities/poor esthetics) and park use by examining park use over time in two low-income neighborhoods in Pittsburgh, PA (n = 17 parks), before and after neighborhood-based renovations that were primarily centered in one neighborhood. We used systematic observation of parks, park use, and street blocks surrounding parks to examine the impact of neighborhood changes on park use. We used difference-in-differences to test whether park use and street characteristics surrounding the parks improved more in the intervention neighborhood than in the comparison neighborhood. We also used zero-inflated negative binomial regression with interactions by time to test whether changes in street characteristics were associated with changes in park use over time. We found that improved walkability, incivilities, and esthetics surrounding parks in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods were associated with greater park use and may help increase visits to underutilized parks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S Richardson
- Social and Economic Wellbeing Division, RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | | | - Rebecca L Collins
- Social and Economic Wellbeing Division, RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Gerald P Hunter
- Social and Economic Wellbeing Division, RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Wendy M Troxel
- Social and Economic Wellbeing Division, RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Natalie Colabianchi
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2013, USA
| | - Deborah A Cohen
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2013, USA
| | - Tamara Dubowitz
- Social and Economic Wellbeing Division, RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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118
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Relationship between different levels of the Mexican food environment and dietary intake: a qualitative systematic review. Public Health Nutr 2020; 23:1877-1888. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019004294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AbstractObjective:To investigate the possible associations between the food environment and dietary intake in the Mexican population.Design:Four databases (PubMed, PsychInfo, Web of Science and SCIelo) were used to retrieve relevant articles using an open timeframe. Articles were reviewed if they contained a systematic measure (i.e. food checklist) of the food environment (e.g. food availability) and dietary intake.Setting:Urban and rural communities in Mexico.Participants:Population-based studies of Mexican communities.Results:Twenty studies that assessed at least one food environment level, and at least one dietary outcome, were reviewed. Findings from these studies showed that changes in the Mexican food environment seem to be associated with higher availability of energy-dense foods. Energy-dense foods can be linked to a high consumption in household, environment and community food environments. When both nutrient-dense and energy-dense foods were present, individuals were more likely to consume foods with added sugars, fats and salt options than nutrient-dense items.Conclusions:The various levels of the food environment (i.e. household, school, community) exposed participants to energy-dense foods. Although nutrient-dense foods were present in all three levels, individuals were more likely to consume energy-dense food items. Not all three levels of the food environment are well represented in the urban and rural settings. Most studies on the community food environment were done in rural areas, whereas most studies on the school food environment were done in urban settings. Additional rigorously designed studies are needed to document the relationship between the food environment and dietary intake in the Mexican population.
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119
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Letarte L, Pomerleau S, Tchernof A, Biertho L, Waygood EOD, Lebel A. Neighbourhood effects on obesity: scoping review of time-varying outcomes and exposures in longitudinal designs. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e034690. [PMID: 32213520 PMCID: PMC7170601 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES Neighbourhood effect research on obesity took off in the early 2000s and was composed of mostly cross-sectional observational studies interested in various characteristics of the built environment and the socioeconomic environment. To limit biases related to self-selection and life course exposures, many researchers apply longitudinal designs in their studies. Until now, no review has specifically and exclusively examined longitudinal studies and the specific designs of these studies. In this review, we intend to answer the following research question: how are the temporal measurements of contextual exposure and obesity outcomes integrated into longitudinal studies that explore how neighbourhood-level built and socioeconomic environments impact adult obesity? DESIGN A systematic search strategy was designed to address the research question. The search was performed in Embase, Web of Science and PubMed, targeting scientific papers published before 1 January 2018. The eligible studies reported results on adults, included exposure that was limited to neighbourhood characteristics at the submunicipal level, included an outcome limited to obesity proxies, and reported a design with at least two exposure measurements or two outcome measurements. RESULTS This scoping review identified 66 studies that fit the eligibility criteria. A wide variety of neighbourhood characteristics were also measured, making it difficult to draw general conclusions about associations between neighbourhood exposure and obesity. We applied a typology that classified studies by whether exposure and outcome were measured as varying or fixed. Using this typology, we found that 32 studies reported both neighbourhood exposure and obesity outcomes that were varying in time; 28 reported varying outcomes but fixed exposures; and 6 had fixed outcomes and varying exposures. CONCLUSION Our typology illustrates the variety of longitudinal designs that were used in the selected studies. In the light of our results, we make recommendations on how to better report longitudinal designs and facilitate comparisons between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Letarte
- Planning and Development Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec city, Québec, Canada
- Evaluation Platform on Obesity Prevention, Quebec Heart and Lung Research Institute, Quebec city, Québec, Canada
| | - Sonia Pomerleau
- Evaluation Platform on Obesity Prevention, Quebec Heart and Lung Research Institute, Quebec city, Québec, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Quebec city, Québec, Canada
| | - André Tchernof
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Quebec city, Québec, Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Université Laval, Quebec city, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurent Biertho
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Université Laval, Quebec city, Québec, Canada
- Departement of Surgery, Université Laval, Quebec city, Québec, Canada
| | - Edward Owen D Waygood
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Lebel
- Planning and Development Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec city, Québec, Canada
- Evaluation Platform on Obesity Prevention, Quebec Heart and Lung Research Institute, Quebec city, Québec, Canada
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Alves CE, Dal' Magro GP, Viacava KR, Dewes H. Food Acquisition in the Geography of Brazilian Obesity. Front Public Health 2020; 8:37. [PMID: 32211360 PMCID: PMC7068807 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are a worldwide pandemic with geographic differences. Possible explanations include variable access to food and its quality, dietary habits of the populations, behavioral patterns, and characteristics of the food markets. This study aimed to examine the acquisition of food in the different regions of Brazil and to relate it with the geography of Brazilian obesity. We used data provided by a Brazilian official organ, which gathers periodic data on the household food acquisition. Descriptive statistics and multidimensional scaling techniques were used to ascertain the similarity of food acquisition among populations in the Brazilian states. High levels of overweight and obesity occur in all states (>44%), especially in the southern half of the country (>54%). We found differences in the food acquisition patterns throughout the country. Furthermore, we identify that states with similar dietary patterns have similar population levels of overweight and obesity, demonstrating a possible relationship between the food supply models and these food insecurity manifestations as expressed in the individual health. However, the occurrence of regional singularities suggests that the food supply model constitutes only one of the multiple variables that compete for diversity in the Brazilian regional distribution of obesity and overweight. We found that socioeconomic conditions influence nutritional misalignment in the geography of Brazil. Our results show that overweight and obesity have a higher occurrence in middle age (35-79 years), and it is more present in females. Moreover, women with lower education and lower incomes have higher levels of overweight and obesity, an association of unhealthy food intake with poverty. In men, obesity is more frequent in those with more schooling and higher incomes. Based on the widely variable geographical characteristics of the distant states of Brazil, we conclude that overweight and obesity go beyond an individual lifestyle and access to quality food, and is more related to a complex framing of factors, like schooling, age, sex, income, feeding patterns, food markets, and anthropological circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Elisa Alves
- Agribusiness Interdisciplinary Research Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Glenio Piran Dal' Magro
- Agribusiness Interdisciplinary Research Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Homero Dewes
- Agribusiness Interdisciplinary Research Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Biophysics, Biosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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O’Halloran S, Eksteen G, Gebremariam M, Alston L. Measurement Methods Used to Assess the School Food Environment: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051623. [PMID: 32138232 PMCID: PMC7084932 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Children consume approximately half of their total daily amount of energy at school. Foods consumed are often energy-dense, nutrient-poor. The school food environment represents an effective setting to influence children’s food choices when dietary habits are established and continue to track into adulthood. The aim of this review was to: (1) group methods used for assessing the school food environment according to four food environment dimensions: Physical, economic, socio-cultural and policy and (2) assess the quality of the methods according to four criteria: Comprehensiveness, relevance, generalizability and feasibility. Three databases were searched, and studies were used to assess food and beverages provided at school canteens, tuck shops or cafeterias were included. The review identified 38 global studies (including 49 methods of measuring the food environment). The physical environment was the primary focus for 47% of articles, aspects of policy environment was assessed by 37% articles and a small number of studies assessed the economic (8%) and socio cultural (8%) environment. Three methods were rated ‘high’ quality and seven methods received ‘medium’ quality ratings. The review revealed there are no standardized methods used to measure the school food environment. Robust methods to monitor the school food environment across a range of diverse country contexts is required to provide an understanding of obesogenic school environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan O’Halloran
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway;
- Correspondence:
| | - Gabriel Eksteen
- Division Human Nutrition, University of Cape Town, UCT Medical Campus, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
| | - Mekdes Gebremariam
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Laura Alston
- Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Faculty of Health, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong VIC 3217, Australia;
- Deakin Rural Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong VIC 3217, Australia
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122
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Mylona EK, Shehadeh F, Fleury E, Kalligeros M, Mylonakis E. Neighborhood-Level Analysis on the Impact of Accessibility to Fast Food and Open Green Spaces on the Prevalence of Obesity. Am J Med 2020; 133:340-346.e1. [PMID: 31626745 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complex epidemiology of obesity includes environmental factors. We examined how accessibility to fast food restaurants and green spaces is associated with obesity. METHODS We used geocoded body mass index values of 20,927 subjects that visited the largest statewide health care network in Rhode Island. Spatial analysis and logistic regression were used to examine the association of obesity at the individual level, and obesity hot and cold spots with the accessibility to fast food restaurants and green space areas. RESULTS The age-adjusted prevalence of obesity in our sample was 33%. Obese subjects were less likely to live in neighborhoods with the highest accessibility to green space areas (odds ratio [OR] 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81-0.97), compared with neighborhoods with low accessibility. Obese subjects were more likely to live in neighborhoods with medium or high accessibility to fast food restaurants (OR 1.22; 95% CI, 1.14-1.31; OR 1.20; 95% CI, 1.10-1.32, respectively). Looking at obesity clustering, hot spots were 18% and 21% less likely to be located in neighborhoods with medium and high accessibility to green space areas, respectively (OR 0.82; 95% CI, 0.76-0.88; OR 0.79; 95% CI, 0.71-0.86). In contrast, hot spots were 1.65 and 4.81 times more likely to be located in neighborhoods with medium and high accessibility to fast food restaurants, respectively (OR 1.65; 95% CI, 1.53-1.77; OR 4.81; 95% CI, 4.39-5.27, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Accessibility to fast food restaurants is positively associated with the presence of obesity hot spots, while access to green space areas is associated with decreased neighborhood obesity rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia K Mylona
- Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Fadi Shehadeh
- Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Elvira Fleury
- Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Markos Kalligeros
- Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Eleftherios Mylonakis
- Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI.
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Carroll SJ, Dale MJ, Taylor AW, Daniel M. Contributions of Multiple Built Environment Features to 10-Year Change in Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference in a South Australian Middle-Aged Cohort. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17030870. [PMID: 32019246 PMCID: PMC7038103 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Residential areas may shape health, yet few studies are longitudinal or concurrently test relationships between multiple residential features and health. This longitudinal study concurrently assessed the contributions of multiple environmental features to 10-year change in clinically measured body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Longitudinal data for adults (18+ years of age, n = 2253) from the north-west of Adelaide, Australia were linked to built environment measures representing the physical activity and food environment (expressed for residence-based 1600 m road-network buffers) and area education. Associations were concurrently estimated using latent growth models. In models including all environmental exposure measures, area education was associated with change in BMI and WC (protective effects). Dwelling density was associated with worsening BMI and WC but also highly correlated with area education and moderately correlated with count of fast food outlets. Public open space (POS) area was associated with worsening WC. Intersection density, land use mix, greenness, and a retail food environment index were not associated with change in BMI or WC. This study found greater dwelling density and POS area exacerbated increases in BMI and WC. Greater area education was protective against worsening body size. Interventions should consider dwelling density and POS, and target areas with low SES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne J. Carroll
- Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia; (M.J.D.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-6201-2851
| | - Michael J. Dale
- Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia; (M.J.D.); (M.D.)
| | - Anne W. Taylor
- Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Mark Daniel
- Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia; (M.J.D.); (M.D.)
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
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Virani SS, Alonso A, Benjamin EJ, Bittencourt MS, Callaway CW, Carson AP, Chamberlain AM, Chang AR, Cheng S, Delling FN, Djousse L, Elkind MSV, Ferguson JF, Fornage M, Khan SS, Kissela BM, Knutson KL, Kwan TW, Lackland DT, Lewis TT, Lichtman JH, Longenecker CT, Loop MS, Lutsey PL, Martin SS, Matsushita K, Moran AE, Mussolino ME, Perak AM, Rosamond WD, Roth GA, Sampson UKA, Satou GM, Schroeder EB, Shah SH, Shay CM, Spartano NL, Stokes A, Tirschwell DL, VanWagner LB, Tsao CW. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2020 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2020; 141:e139-e596. [PMID: 31992061 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4861] [Impact Index Per Article: 1215.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports on the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart failure, valvular disease, venous disease, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS The American Heart Association, through its Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update. The 2020 Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and American Heart Association staff members. This year's edition includes data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, metrics to assess and monitor healthy diets, an enhanced focus on social determinants of health, a focus on the global burden of cardiovascular disease, and further evidence-based approaches to changing behaviors, implementation strategies, and implications of the American Heart Association's 2020 Impact Goals. RESULTS Each of the 26 chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policy makers, media professionals, clinicians, healthcare administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
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Hirsch JA, Zhao Y, Bilal U, Neckerman KM, Michael YL. Health and Health-Related Resources in Newly Designated Federally Qualified Opportunity Zones: United States, 2012-2016. Am J Public Health 2020; 110:407-415. [PMID: 31944851 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2019.305489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. To characterize health and health-related resources in the new qualified opportunity zones (QOZs) relative to tracts not selected or not eligible for this federal investment incentive.Methods. We used tract-level data from the 498 largest cities in the contiguous United States (n = 24 409), categorized using designations from the Department of Treasury. We compiled data on population characteristics, health-related resources, and health from the American Community Survey, the National Establishment Time Series, the National Land Cover Dataset, and the US Small-Area Life Expectancy Estimates Project and the 500 Cities projects. We calculated means and SDs for ineligible, eligible (but not designated), and designated QOZ tracts.Results. In general, designated QOZ tracts had lower access to health care facilities, physical activity resources, and healthy food. They had a higher prevalence of unhealthy behaviors and worse health outcomes across most measures.Conclusions. By benchmarking conditions, we facilitate tracking and assessment of QOZ impacts.Public Health Implications. QOZ could spur unprecedented neighborhood change with substantial influence on health resources and outcomes. Public health collaboration and strategic local governance of QOZ will be crucial for yielding health benefits for existing residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana A Hirsch
- Jana A. Hirsch, Yuzhe Zhao, Usama Bilal, and Yvonne L. Michael are with the Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA. Jana A. Hirsch, Usama Bilal, and Yvonne L. Michael are also with Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health. Kathryn M. Neckerman is with the Columbia Population Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Yuzhe Zhao
- Jana A. Hirsch, Yuzhe Zhao, Usama Bilal, and Yvonne L. Michael are with the Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA. Jana A. Hirsch, Usama Bilal, and Yvonne L. Michael are also with Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health. Kathryn M. Neckerman is with the Columbia Population Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Usama Bilal
- Jana A. Hirsch, Yuzhe Zhao, Usama Bilal, and Yvonne L. Michael are with the Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA. Jana A. Hirsch, Usama Bilal, and Yvonne L. Michael are also with Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health. Kathryn M. Neckerman is with the Columbia Population Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Kathryn M Neckerman
- Jana A. Hirsch, Yuzhe Zhao, Usama Bilal, and Yvonne L. Michael are with the Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA. Jana A. Hirsch, Usama Bilal, and Yvonne L. Michael are also with Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health. Kathryn M. Neckerman is with the Columbia Population Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Yvonne L Michael
- Jana A. Hirsch, Yuzhe Zhao, Usama Bilal, and Yvonne L. Michael are with the Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA. Jana A. Hirsch, Usama Bilal, and Yvonne L. Michael are also with Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health. Kathryn M. Neckerman is with the Columbia Population Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY
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Watts P, Rance S, McGowan V, Brown H, Bambra C, Findlay G, Harden A. The long-term health and wellbeing impacts of Healthy New Towns (HNTs): protocol for a baseline and feasibility study of HNT demonstrator sites in England. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2020; 6:4. [PMID: 31938552 PMCID: PMC6954575 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-020-0550-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing levels of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), mental health problems, high rates of unhealthy behaviours and health inequalities remain major public health challenges worldwide. In the context of increasing urbanisation, there is an urgent need to understand how evidence that living environments shape health, wellbeing and behaviour can be used to design and deliver healthy environments in local urban settings. The Healthy New Town (HNT) programme implemented in England from 2015 consists of ten major housing developments that aim to improve population health through healthy design principles, new models for integrating health and social care and the creation of strong and connected communities. The programme provides a natural experiment in which to investigate the effects on health, wellbeing and inequalities of large-scale interventions targeting the wider social determinants of health. Methods The research described in this protocol aims to examine the feasibility of a larger study to assess the longer-term health impacts of HNTs, by addressing two research questions: (1) what are the similarities and differences in the HNT programme developments, processes, contexts and expected impacts and outcomes across HNT sites? and (2) how feasible is the use of data from routine sources and existing HNT evaluations and as the baseline for a definitive study to assess impact on health, wellbeing, behavioural and economic outcomes and programme processes? The research will consist of (a) participatory systems mapping with stakeholders to produce a theoretical framework for a longer-term study on the HNT programme, (b) synthesis of existing qualitative data from local HNT evaluations to understand local processes and intervention mechanisms, (c) scoping local and routinely available data to establish a baseline and feasibility for a longer-term study of health and economic outcomes, and (d) building relationships and recruiting HNT sites into the proposed research. Discussion The proposed research will produce a theoretical framework and assess the feasibility of a definitive study of outcomes of the HNT programme. This research is necessary to understand how longer-term health, wellbeing, behavioural and economic outcomes can be measured, and to inform a definitive study to generate evidence on the effectiveness of the HNT programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Watts
- 1School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, College of Applied Health and Communities, University of East London, Stratford Campus, Water Lane, London, E15 4LZ UK.,2Institute for Health and Human Development, University of East London, Stratford Campus, Water Lane, London, E15 4LZ UK
| | - Susanna Rance
- 1School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, College of Applied Health and Communities, University of East London, Stratford Campus, Water Lane, London, E15 4LZ UK.,2Institute for Health and Human Development, University of East London, Stratford Campus, Water Lane, London, E15 4LZ UK
| | - Victoria McGowan
- 3Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Sir James Spence Institute, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 4LP UK.,Fuse-UKCRC Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Upon Tyne, Newcastle, UK
| | - Heather Brown
- 3Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Sir James Spence Institute, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 4LP UK
| | - Clare Bambra
- 3Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Sir James Spence Institute, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 4LP UK.,Fuse-UKCRC Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Upon Tyne, Newcastle, UK
| | - Gail Findlay
- 2Institute for Health and Human Development, University of East London, Stratford Campus, Water Lane, London, E15 4LZ UK
| | - Angela Harden
- 2Institute for Health and Human Development, University of East London, Stratford Campus, Water Lane, London, E15 4LZ UK.,5Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
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127
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Duh-Leong C, Braganza S. Social Networks and Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption in a Pediatric Urban Academic Practice. Behav Med 2020; 46:1-8. [PMID: 30481137 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2018.1534077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Increased sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is linked to childhood obesity. The risk of increased SSB consumption is multifactorial. Limited studies have examined children's SSB consumption and social networks. In order to examine the association between SSB consumption and SSB preferences of a child's social network, a cross-sectional survey was administered to patients aged 8-17 years from June to September 2016. In a questionnaire, subjects completed a beverage consumption recall, identified people important to them along with each person's favorite beverage, and answered questions about habits, environment, and attitudes. Subjects with higher SSB consumption (>16 fl oz) were compared to subjects with lower SSB consumption (≤16 fl oz). 202 surveyed: 55% female, 53% Hispanic, 45% Black, 28% overweight or obese. Children drank an average of 3 cups/day of SSBs, range of 0-15 cups/day. Social networks included caregiver, relative, and friend. Subjects with higher SSB consumption (n = 96) were compared to those with lower SSB consumption (n = 106). We found children with higher SSB consumption had higher odds of reporting a higher number of people in their immediate social networks who prefer SSB, adjusted for habits, environment, and attitudes (aOR 1.41; 95% CI: 1.02-1.99; p < 0.05). Children are more likely to have higher SSB consumption if they list people in their immediate social network who prefer SSB as their favorite drink. Further research is required to explore the influence of social networks on health behaviors of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Duh-Leong
- Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine/Bellevue Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandra Braganza
- Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY, USA
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128
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Rummo PE, Feldman JM, Lopez P, Lee D, Thorpe LE, Elbel B. Impact of Changes in the Food, Built, and Socioeconomic Environment on BMI in US Counties, BRFSS 2003-2012. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:31-39. [PMID: 31858733 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Researchers have linked geographic disparities in obesity to community-level characteristics, yet many prior observational studies have ignored temporality and potential for bias. METHODS Repeated cross-sectional data were used from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) (2003-2012) to examine the influence of county-level characteristics (active commuting, unemployment, percentage of limited-service restaurants and convenience stores) on BMI. Each exposure was calculated using mean values over the 5-year period prior to BMI measurement; values were standardized; and then variables were decomposed into (1) county means from 2003 to 2012 and (2) county-mean-centered values for each year. Cross-sectional (between-county) and longitudinal (within-county) associations were estimated using a random-effects within-between model, adjusting for individual characteristics, survey method, and year, with nested random intercepts for county-years within counties within states. RESULTS A negative between-county association for active commuting (β = -0.19; 95% CI: -0.23 to -0.16) and positive associations for unemployment (β = 0.17; 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.19) and limited-service restaurants (β = 0.13; 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.14) were observed. An SD increase in active commuting within counties was associated with a 0.51-kg/m2 (95% CI: -0.72 to -0.31) decrease in BMI over time. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that community-level characteristics play an important role in shaping geographic disparities in BMI between and within communities over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale E Rummo
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Justin M Feldman
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Priscilla Lopez
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - David Lee
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lorna E Thorpe
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brian Elbel
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York University, New York, New York, USA
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Drewnowski A, Buszkiewicz J, Aggarwal A, Rose C, Gupta S, Bradshaw A. Obesity and the Built Environment: A Reappraisal. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:22-30. [PMID: 31782242 PMCID: PMC6986313 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The built environment (BE) has been viewed as an important determinant of health. Numerous studies have linked BE exposure, captured using a variety of methods, to diet quality and to area prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. First-generation studies defined the neighborhood BE as the area around the home. Second-generation studies turned from home-centric to person-centric BE measures, capturing an individual's movements in space and time. Those studies made effective uses of global positioning system tracking devices and mobile phones, sometimes coupled with accelerometers and remote sensors. Activity space metrics explored travel paths, modes, and destinations to assess BE exposure that was both person and context specific. However, as measures of the contextual exposome have become ever more fine-grained and increasingly complex, connections to long-term chronic diseases with complex etiologies, such as obesity, are in danger of being lost. Furthermore, few studies on obesity and the BE have included intermediate energy balance behaviors, such as diet and physical activity, or explored the potential roles of social interactions or psychosocial pathways. Emerging survey-based applications that identify habitual destinations and associated travel patterns may become the third generation of tools to capture health-relevant BE exposures in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Drewnowski
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington
| | - James Buszkiewicz
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington
| | - Anju Aggarwal
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington
| | - Chelsea Rose
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Washington
| | - Shilpi Gupta
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Washington
| | - Annie Bradshaw
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington
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Domènech-Abella J, Mundó J, Leonardi M, Chatterji S, Tobiasz-Adamczyk B, Koskinen S, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Haro JM, Olaya B. Loneliness and depression among older European adults: The role of perceived neighborhood built environment. Health Place 2019; 62:102280. [PMID: 32479358 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Depression and loneliness act in a synergistic way among older adults. We tested two indicators of the perceived neighborhood built environment (BE) as moderators of the association between these conditions in older European adults. Positive perceptions of neighborhood BE were related to lower levels of loneliness but not to major depressive disorder (MDD). Reporting low BE usability was significantly related to a higher likelihood of feeling lonely except for those suffering from MDD, whereas reporting low BE walkability was significantly related with a high likelihood of loneliness particularly among those with MDD. Therefore, improving neighborhood BE and, specifically, its walkability, might result in a reduction in the prevalence of loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Domènech-Abella
- Department of Sociology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jordi Mundó
- Department of Sociology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matilde Leonardi
- Department of Neurology, Public Health and Disability, Italian National Neurological Institute "Carlo Besta" Foundation IRCCS (Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico), Milan, Italy
| | - Somnath Chatterji
- Department of Health Statistics and Information Systems, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Beata Tobiasz-Adamczyk
- Chair of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medical Sociology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Seppo Koskinen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jose Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Kind Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Beatriz Olaya
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
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Benjamin EJ, Muntner P, Alonso A, Bittencourt MS, Callaway CW, Carson AP, Chamberlain AM, Chang AR, Cheng S, Das SR, Delling FN, Djousse L, Elkind MSV, Ferguson JF, Fornage M, Jordan LC, Khan SS, Kissela BM, Knutson KL, Kwan TW, Lackland DT, Lewis TT, Lichtman JH, Longenecker CT, Loop MS, Lutsey PL, Martin SS, Matsushita K, Moran AE, Mussolino ME, O'Flaherty M, Pandey A, Perak AM, Rosamond WD, Roth GA, Sampson UKA, Satou GM, Schroeder EB, Shah SH, Spartano NL, Stokes A, Tirschwell DL, Tsao CW, Turakhia MP, VanWagner LB, Wilkins JT, Wong SS, Virani SS. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2019 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2019; 139:e56-e528. [PMID: 30700139 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5341] [Impact Index Per Article: 1068.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Keeble M, Adams J, White M, Summerbell C, Cummins S, Burgoine T. Correlates of English local government use of the planning system to regulate hot food takeaway outlets: a cross-sectional analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16:127. [PMID: 31818307 PMCID: PMC6902532 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0884-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Greater neighbourhood takeaway food outlet access has been associated with increased takeaway food consumption and higher body weight. National planning guidelines in England suggest that urban planning could promote healthier food environments through takeaway food outlet regulation, for example by restricting the proliferation of outlets near schools. It is unknown how geographically widespread this approach is, or local characteristics associated with its use. We aimed to address these knowledge gaps. Methods We used data from a complete review of planning policy documents adopted by local government areas in England (n = 325), which contained policies for the purpose of takeaway food outlet regulation. This review classified local government area planning policies as having a health (diet or obesity) or non-health focus. We explored geographical clustering of similar planning policies using spatial statistics. We used multinomial logistic regression models to investigate whether the odds of planning policy adoption varied according to local characteristics, for example the proportion of children with excess weight or the current number of takeaway food outlets. Results We observed clusters of local government areas with similar adopted planning policies in the North East, North West, and Greater London regions of England. In unadjusted logistic regression models, compared to local government areas with the lowest, those with highest proportion of 10–11 year olds with excess weight (OR: 25.31; 95% CI: 6.74, 94.96), and takeaway food outlet number (OR: 54.00; 95% CI: 6.17, 472.41), were more likely to have a health-focused planning policy, than none. In models adjusted for deprivation, relationships for excess weight metrics were attenuated. Compared to local government areas with the lowest, those with the highest takeaway food outlet number remained more likely to have a health-focused planning policy, than none (OR: 16.98; 95% CI: 1.44, 199.04). When local government areas were under Labour political control, predominantly urban, and when they had more geographically proximal and statistically similar areas in the same planning policy status category, they were also more likely to have health-focused planning policies. Conclusions Planning policies for the purpose of takeaway food outlet regulation with a health focus were more likely in areas with greater numbers of takeaway food outlets and higher proportions of children with excess weight. Other characteristics including Labour political control, greater deprivation and urbanisation, were associated with planning policy adoption, as were the actions of similar and nearby local government areas. Further research should engage with local policymakers to explore the drivers underpinning use of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Keeble
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, England.
| | - Jean Adams
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, England
| | - Martin White
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, England
| | - Carolyn Summerbell
- Fuse: the centre for translational research in public health, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Durham University, 32 Old Elvet, Durham, DH1 3HN, England
| | - Steven Cummins
- Department of Public Health, Environments & Society, Faculty of Public Health & Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, England
| | - Thomas Burgoine
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, England
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Sun P, Lu W, Song Y, Gu Z. Influences of Built Environment with Hilly Terrain on Physical Activity in Dalian, China: An Analysis of Mediation by Perceptions and Moderation by Social Environment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E4900. [PMID: 31817285 PMCID: PMC6950370 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16244900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Neighborhood built environment may influence residents' physical activity, but evidence of non-major Chinese cities is lacking. We investigated the impact of five socio-demographic characteristics, 10 objectively assessed environment characteristics, eight perceived neighborhood attributes, and social environment on physical activity and health outcomes (sense of community, body mass index, as well as self-reported health status). We also examined (1) five conceptually comparable perceived neighborhood attributes as mediators of the relationship between objective environment attributes and physical activity; (2) other perceived indicators and social environment as moderators of those relationships, using the mediation analysis in regression. Objectively assessed residential density, land use mix, street connectivity, and accessibility were curvilinearly and/or linearly related to physical activity. The slope of terrain was inversely associated with body mass index (BMI). None of the perceived attributes were found as mediators probably due to the weak associations between subjective and objective environments. High density facilitated physical activity but hindered the sense of community. Further, the perceived aesthetic and safety were associated with physical activity. Additionally, social environment moderated the positive associations of all perceived environments (except for slope) and sense of community. The present study demonstrated that both physical and social environment attributes significantly correlated with physical activity in Dalian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijin Sun
- Research Section of Environment Design, School of Architecture and Fine Art, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China; (P.S.); (Z.G.)
| | - Wei Lu
- Research Section of Environment Design, School of Architecture and Fine Art, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China; (P.S.); (Z.G.)
| | - Yan Song
- Department of City and Regional Planning, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA;
| | - Zongchao Gu
- Research Section of Environment Design, School of Architecture and Fine Art, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China; (P.S.); (Z.G.)
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134
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Lisowski JF, Leite HM, Bairros F, Henn RL, Costa JSDD, Olinto MTA. Prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade e fatores associados em mulheres de São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul: um estudo de base populacional. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1414-462x201900040226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Resumo Introdução O sobrepeso e a obesidade são multicausais, porém seus determinantes ainda não foram completamente estudados. Objetivo Estimar a prevalência de sobrepeso e de obesidade e os fatores associados. Método Estudo transversal de base populacional com 981 mulheres (20 a 60 anos) de São Leopoldo/RS. O peso e a altura foram aferidos para o cálculo do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). Mulheres com IMC entre 25,0 e 29,9 kg/m2 e IMC ≥ 30,0 kg/m2 foram classificadas com sobrepeso e obesidade, respectivamente. As razões de prevalência e os intervalos de confiança de 95% foram estimados por meio de regressão de Poisson. Resultados A prevalência de sobrepeso foi de 33% (IC95%: 30,1-36,0) e de obesidade foi de 31,2% (IC95%: 28,3-34,1). Após ajuste, maiores probabilidades de sobrepeso ocorreram em mulheres mais velhas, pertencentes às classes econômicas mais baixas, casadas ou em união, com histórico de obesidade materna e com uma ou mais gestações. As maiores probabilidades de obesidade ocorreram em mulheres mais velhas, de baixa renda, com histórico de obesidade materna e paterna e com três ou quatro gestações. Menarca acima de 12 anos e prática de atividade física de lazer foram fatores de proteção para a obesidade. Conclusão Esses resultados evidenciam a necessidade de ações de prevenção de longo prazo, algumas delas envolvendo ações transgeracionais.
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135
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Pawlowski CS, Schmidt T, Nielsen JV, Troelsen J, Schipperijn J. Will the children use it?-A RE-AIM evaluation of a local public open space intervention involving children from a deprived neighbourhood. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2019; 77:101706. [PMID: 31472381 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2019.101706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge on how to improve public open spaces in deprived neighbourhoods to increase active living among children is scarce and comprehensively evaluated public open space interventions are needed. Firstly, the aim was to explore if involving 39 local fifth-grade children (10-11 years old) from a deprived neighbourhood in creating playable installations in a public open space influenced their use of this space. Secondly, we wanted to explore if the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance framework (RE-AIM) was useful for evaluating different stages in the intervention project. RE-AIM was applied through a convergent mixed-methods triangulation design using survey, accelerometer, GPS, and interviews as data sources. Effectiveness outcomes revealed that on average the space was used less by the 39 children after the intervention. The implementation and maintenance dimensions revealed aspects of why most children involved in the project did not use the space after intervention. The evaluation cast light on children's perceptions of their role, and importance of maintenance when the intervention was completed. In future, all dimensions of built environmental projects would benefit from being planned and evaluated in a collaboration with all project partners using an evaluation framework integrated and applied from the beginning of the project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Skau Pawlowski
- Research unit for Active Living, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Tanja Schmidt
- Research unit for Active Living, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Jonas Vestergaard Nielsen
- Research unit for Active Living, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Jens Troelsen
- Research unit for Active Living, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Jasper Schipperijn
- Research unit for Active Living, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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136
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Neighborhoods to Nucleotides - Advances and gaps for an obesity disparities systems epidemiology model. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2019; 6:476-485. [PMID: 36643055 PMCID: PMC9839192 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-019-00221-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Disparities in obesity rates in the US continue to increase. Here we review progress and highlight gaps in understanding disparities in obesity with a focus on the Hispanic/Latino population from a systems epidemiology framework. We review seven domains: environment, behavior, biomarkers, nutrition, microbiome, genomics, and epigenomics/transcriptomics. We focus on recent advances that include at least two or more of these domains, and then provide a real world example of data collection efforts that reflect these domains. Recent Findings Research into DNA methylation related to discrimination and microbiome relating to eating behaviors and food content is furthering understanding of why disparities in obesity persist. Environmental and neighborhood level research is uncovering the importance of exposures such as air and noise pollution and systematic or structural racism for obesity and related outcomes through behaviors such as sleep.
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137
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Soroka A, Wojciechowska-Solis J. Consumer Motivation to Buy Organic Food Depends on Lifestyle. Foods 2019; 8:foods8110581. [PMID: 31744098 PMCID: PMC6915680 DOI: 10.3390/foods8110581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the paper was to determine the relationship between the physical activity undertaken by Polish consumers and their attitude towards organic food. The motives for the selection of organic food, the barriers that consumers face when buying it, and the requirements set by consumers were determined. The research was carried out by means of a diagnostic survey using the author′s questionnaire and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). In total, 3436 respondents from all over Poland were examined using the selected research sample. Statistica 13.1 PL was used for statistical analyses. The results of the research indicate that the main reasons for the selection of organic food, especially among physically active respondents, were the perceived lack of harmful substances and that it is healthy in itself. The study showed that physically active respondents preferred to purchase, to a greater extent, less processed food produced in a natural way and on organic farms. The main reason for purchasing organic food in physically inactive respondents was due to its taste values. The originality of the paper stems from demonstrating differences and similarities in the motives for buying organic food expressed by physically active consumers and those preferring passive lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Soroka
- Department of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland;
| | - Julia Wojciechowska-Solis
- Department of Agrobioengineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-445-60-10
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138
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Howell CR, Wilson CL, Yasui Y, Srivastava DK, Lu W, Bjornard KL, Ehrhardt MJ, Brinkman TM, Chemaitilly W, Hodges JR, Lanctot JQ, Robison LL, Hudson MM, Ness KK. Neighborhood effect and obesity in adult survivors of pediatric cancer: A report from the St. Jude lifetime cohort study. Int J Cancer 2019; 147:338-349. [PMID: 31600422 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Survivors of childhood cancer are at risk for obesity, a condition potentially modifiable if dietary intake and physical activity are optimized. These health behaviors are likely influenced by neighborhood of residence, a determinant of access to healthy, affordable food and safe and easy exercise opportunities. We examined associations between neighborhood level factors and obesity among survivors in the St. Jude Lifetime cohort and community comparison group members. Persons with residential addresses available for geocoding were eligible for analysis (n = 2,265, mean age 32.5 [SD 9.1] years, 46% female, 85% white). Survivors completed questionnaires regarding individual behaviors; percent body fat was assessed via dual X-ray absorptiometry (obesity: ≥25% males; ≥35% females); neighborhood effect was characterized using census tract of residence (e.g., neighborhood socioeconomic status [SES], rurality). Structural equation modeling was used to determine associations between neighborhood effect, physical activity, diet, smoking, treatment exposures and obesity. Obese survivors (n = 1,420, 62.7%) were more likely to live in neighborhoods with lower SES (RR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.10-1.38) and rural areas (RR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.07-1.39) compared to survivors with normal percent body fat. Resource-poor neighborhoods (standardized effect: 0.06, p < 0.001) and cranial radiation (0.16, p < 0.001) had direct effects on percent body fat. Associations between neighborhood of residence and percent body fat were increased (0.01, p = 0.04) among individuals with a poor diet. Neighborhoods where survivors reside as an adult is associated with obesity. Interventions targeting survivors should incorporate strategies that address environmental influences on obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie R Howell
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Carmen L Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Yutaka Yasui
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Deo K Srivastava
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Kari L Bjornard
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN.,Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Matthew J Ehrhardt
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN.,Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Tara M Brinkman
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN.,Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Wassim Chemaitilly
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN.,Department of Pediatric Medicine-Endocrinology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Jason R Hodges
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Jennifer Q Lanctot
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Leslie L Robison
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Melissa M Hudson
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN.,Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Kirsten K Ness
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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139
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Pearce M, Bray I, Horswell M. Weight gain in mid-childhood and its relationship with the fast food environment. J Public Health (Oxf) 2019; 40:237-244. [PMID: 28977396 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdx108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood obesity is a serious public health issue. Understanding environmental factors and their contribution to weight gain is important if interventions are to be effective. Aims The purpose of this research was to assess the relationship between weight gain in children and accessibility of fast-food outlets. Methods A longitudinal sample of 1577 children was created using two time points from the National Child Measurement Programme in South Gloucestershire (2006/7 and 2012/13). A spatial analysis was conducted using a weighted accessibility score on the number of fast-food outlets within a 1-km network radius of each child's residence to quantify access to fast food. Results The mean accessibility score for all children was 0.73 (standard deviation: 1.14). Fast-food outlets were more prevalent in areas of deprivation. A moderate association was found between deprivation score and accessibilty score (r = 0.4, P < 0.01). Children who had greater access to fast-food outlets were more likely (odds ratio = 1.89, P = 0.04) to gain significant weight (>50 percentile points) compared to children who had no access to fast-food outlets. Conclusions This paper supports previous research that fast-food outlets are more prevalent in areas of deprivation and presents new evidence on fast-food outlets as a potential contributor towards weight gain in mid-childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Pearce
- NHS Gloucestershire Clinical Commissioning Group, Gloucester, UK
| | - Isabelle Bray
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Michael Horswell
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
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140
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Poulsen MN, Glass TA, Pollak J, Bandeen-Roche K, Hirsch AG, Bailey-Davis L, Schwartz BS. Associations of multidimensional socioeconomic and built environment factors with body mass index trajectories among youth in geographically heterogeneous communities. Prev Med Rep 2019; 15:100939. [PMID: 31360629 PMCID: PMC6637223 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding contextual influences on obesity requires comparison of heterogeneous communities and concurrent assessment of multiple contextual domains. We used a theoretically-based measurement model to assess multidimensional socioeconomic and built environment factors theorized to influence childhood obesity across a diverse geography ranging from rural to urban. Confirmatory factor analysis specified four factors-community socioeconomic deprivation (CSED), food outlet abundance (FOOD), fitness and recreational assets (FIT), and utilitarian physical activity favorability (UTIL)-which were assigned to communities (townships, boroughs, city census tracts) in 37 Pennsylvania counties. Using electronic health records from 2001 to 2012 from 163,820 youth aged 3-18 years from 1288 communities, we conducted multilevel linear regression analyses with factor quartiles and their cross products with age, age2, and age3 to test whether community factors impacted body mass index (BMI) growth trajectories. Models controlled for sex, age, race/ethnicity, and Medical Assistance. Factor scores were lowest in townships, indicating less deprivation, fewer food and physical activity outlets, and lower utilitarian physical activity favorability. BMI at average age was lower in townships versus boroughs (beta [SE]) (0.217 [0.027], P < 0.001) and cities (0.378 [0.036], P < 0.001), as was BMI growth over time. Factor distributions across community types lacked overlap, requiring stratified analyses to avoid extrapolation. In townships, FOOD, UTIL, and FIT were inversely associated with BMI trajectories. Across community types, youth in the lowest (versus higher) CSED quartiles had lower BMI at average age and slower BMI growth, signifying the importance of community deprivation to the obesogenicity of environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa N. Poulsen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Geisinger, 100 North Academy Avenue, Danville, PA 17822, USA
| | - Thomas A. Glass
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jonathan Pollak
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Karen Bandeen-Roche
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Annemarie G. Hirsch
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Geisinger, 100 North Academy Avenue, Danville, PA 17822, USA
| | - Lisa Bailey-Davis
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Geisinger, 100 North Academy Avenue, Danville, PA 17822, USA
- Obesity Institute, Geisinger, 100 North Academy Avenue, Danville, PA 17822, USA
| | - Brian S. Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Geisinger, 100 North Academy Avenue, Danville, PA 17822, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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141
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Pearson AL, Sadler RC, Kruger DJ. Social Integration may Moderate the Relationship between Neighborhood Vacancy and Mental Health Outcomes: Initial Evidence from Flint, Michigan. APPLIED RESEARCH IN QUALITY OF LIFE 2019; 14:1129-1144. [PMID: 33209156 PMCID: PMC7671602 DOI: 10.1007/s11482-018-9646-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Long-term residence in neighborhoods is thought to promote the development and maintenance of supportive relationships and trust. These strong social ties may, however, be limited in communities in post-industrial cities characterized by high levels of vacant properties. This study aimed to examine the relationship between neighborhood vacancy and mental health with adjustment for length of residence and possible moderation by social (dis)integration in a sample of Flint, MI, residents. We found that short-term (but not long-term) increases in neighborhood vacancy were associated with poorer mental health, after adjustment for individual covariates. When considering neighborhood vacancy, length of residence and individual covariates, however, the only significant association detected was between higher social disintegration and lower wellbeing. This effect was direct and not mediated by other factors. In this way, it appears that the social conditions of neighborhoods may be important, particularly in places that have experienced declines in the built environment. In addition, we identified evidence that social integration moderates the relationship between neighborhood vacancy and mental health outcomes. The level of neighborhood vacancies had a weaker relationship to wellbeing among those with higher levels of social ties. But none of the independent variables in our study were able to predict social integration, highlighting some potential areas for future research. From these findings, we posit that establishing strong social connections can buffer residents against negative mental health outcomes, and health promotion efforts could usefully assist in maintaining social ties among neighbors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L. Pearson
- Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Environmental Science and Policy Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Richard C. Sadler
- Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Daniel J. Kruger
- Population Studies Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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142
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Wen H, Botticello AL, Bae S, Heinemann AW, Boninger M, Houlihan BV, Chen Y. Racial and Ethnic Differences in Obesity in People With Spinal Cord Injury: The Effects of Disadvantaged Neighborhood. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2019; 100:1599-1606. [PMID: 30922881 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the role of neighborhood in the relation between race and obesity in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). DESIGN A cross-sectional analysis of survey data from National SCI Database linked with neighborhood data from American Community Survey by census tract. SETTING A total of 17 SCI Model Systems centers. PARTICIPANTS Individuals (N=3385; 2251 non-Hispanic whites, 760 non-Hispanic blacks, 374 Hispanics) who completed a follow-up assessment during 2006-2017 (mean duration of injury, 8.3±9.9y) and resided in 2934 census tracts. INTERVENTION Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2). RESULTS The overall prevalence of obesity was 52.9% (BMI≥25.0) and 23.3% (BMI≥30.0). Hispanics were 67.0% more likely to be obese (BMI≥30.0 kg/m2) relative to non-Hispanic whites (odds ratio, 1.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.27-2.18), after controlling for demographic and injury-related characteristics. Most of the non-Hispanic blacks (66.8%) were living in neighborhoods with high concentrated disadvantaged index (CDI), compared to 35.0% of Hispanics and 9.2% of non-Hispanic whites living in this similar neighborhood status (P<.0001). After accounting for CDI, the odds of being obese in Hispanics decreased (odds ratio, 1.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.15-1.99). Regardless of race and ethnicity, people with SCI from disadvantaged neighborhoods were 42.0%-70.0% more likely to be obese than those from minimal CDI neighborhoods. CONCLUSIONS Neighborhood characteristics partially diminish racial differences in obesity. Weight management for the SCI population should target those who are Hispanic and living in the disadvantaged neighborhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huacong Wen
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Professionals, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, the United States; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, the United States
| | - Amanda L Botticello
- Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, the United States; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, the United States
| | - Sejong Bae
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, the United States
| | - Allen W Heinemann
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, the United States; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, the United States
| | - Mike Boninger
- Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Bioengineering, and Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, the United States
| | - Bethlyn Vergo Houlihan
- Spaulding New England Regional Spinal Cord Injury Center Model Systems Network, Boston, MA, the United States; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA, the United States
| | - Yuying Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, the United States.
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143
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Backes V, Bairros F, Cafruni CB, Cummins S, Shareck M, Mason K, Dias-da-Costa JS, Olinto MTA. Food environment, income and obesity: a multilevel analysis of a reality of women in Southern Brazil. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2019; 35:e00144618. [PMID: 31483048 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00144618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore relationships between the neighborhood food environment and obesity in urban women living in São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. A cross-sectional survey was carried out. This study was conducted with 1,096 women. Structured interviews were conducted using a standard pre-tested questionnaire. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30kg/m2. Circular buffers of 400m in radius were created based on the centroid of the women's houses who participated, in the 45 census tracts inhabited by them. Neighborhood food establishments were identified through systematic survey of all streets in the study areas and geographical coordinates of shops were collected. Establishments were evaluated using the NEMS tool. The prevalence of obesity was 33% among the women participants. After adjusting for individual variables, supermarkets and healthy food establishments were positively associated with obesity, PR = 1.05 (95%CI: 1.01-1.10), PR = 1.02 (95%CI: 1.00-1.04), respectively, while mean buffer income was negatively associated, PR = 0.64 (95%CI: 0.49-0.83). Neighborhood food environment factors were associated with obesity even after controlled for individual variables, as socioeconomic variables, behavioral and food purchase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Backes
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, Brasil.,Prefeitura Municipal de São Leopoldo, São Leopoldo, Brasil
| | | | | | - Steven Cummins
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, U.K
| | | | - Kate Mason
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, U.K
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Riesenberg D, Backholer K, Zorbas C, Sacks G, Paix A, Marshall J, Blake MR, Bennett R, Peeters A, Cameron AJ. Price Promotions by Food Category and Product Healthiness in an Australian Supermarket Chain, 2017-2018. Am J Public Health 2019; 109:1434-1439. [PMID: 31415196 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2019.305229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. To examine the prevalence and magnitude of price promotions in a major Australian supermarket and how they differ between core (healthy) and discretionary (less healthy) food categories.Methods. Weekly online price data (regular retail price, discount price, and promotion type) on 1579 foods were collected for 1 year (April 2017 to April 2018) from the largest Australian supermarket chain. Products audited were classified according to Australian Dietary Guidelines definitions of core and discretionary foods and according to their Health Star Rating (a government-endorsed nutrient profiling scheme).Results. On average, 15.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 14.7%, 15.3%) of core foods and 28.8% (95% CI = 28.6%, 29.0%) of discretionary foods were price promoted during a given week. Average discounts were -15.4% (95% CI = -16.4, -14.4) for core products and -25.9% (95% CI = -26.8, -25.1) for discretionary products. The percentage of products on price promotion and the size of the discount were larger for products with a lower Health Star Rating (P < .05).Conclusions. Price promotions were more prevalent and greater in magnitude for discretionary foods than for core foods. Policies to reduce the prevalence and magnitude of price promotions on discretionary foods could improve the healthiness of food purchased from supermarkets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devorah Riesenberg
- The authors are with the Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathryn Backholer
- The authors are with the Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christina Zorbas
- The authors are with the Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gary Sacks
- The authors are with the Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Paix
- The authors are with the Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Josephine Marshall
- The authors are with the Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Miranda R Blake
- The authors are with the Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Bennett
- The authors are with the Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Peeters
- The authors are with the Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adrian J Cameron
- The authors are with the Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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145
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Alvarado SE. The indelible weight of place: Childhood neighborhood disadvantage, timing of exposure, and obesity across adulthood. Health Place 2019; 58:102159. [PMID: 31280141 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
I use 28 (1986-2014) years of restricted geocoded NLSY tract-level data and find positive associations between exposure to childhood neighborhood disadvantage and adult obesity and BMI among individuals growing up and entering adulthood during the rise of obesity in the United States. Sibling fixed effects and cousin fixed effects models partially address unobserved confounding nested in the nuclear as well as extended family. Furthermore, exposure to neighborhood disadvantage in adolescence is most salient, providing insight into when policy intervention may be most effective. Results are robust to alternative specifications for neighborhood disadvantage, ages of exposure, and to alternative sampling strategies.
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146
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Huse O, Zorbas C, Jerebine A, Kurzeme A, Blake M, Ferguson M, Palermo C, Peeters A, Orellana L, Brimblecombe J, Moodie M, Backholer K. Recreation centre managers’ perceptions of pricing interventions to promote healthy eating. Health Promot Int 2019; 35:682-691. [DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daz062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Retailers have the capacity to improve the food and beverage environment by making healthier options more affordable and attractive for their consumers. The perspectives of retailers on feasible and acceptable pricing strategies are not known. The aim of this study was to understand retailers’ perceptions of factors that are relevant to feasible and acceptable health-promoting food and beverage pricing interventions. A convenience sample of 11 aquatic and recreation centre managers in Victoria, Australia was recruited to participate in semi-structured interviews. We took a pragmatic approach with the aim of understanding retailers’ perceptions of factors that affect the feasibility and acceptability of pricing interventions within their facilities. Thematic analysis was used to synthesize and interpret retailers’ perceptions of pricing interventions. Key themes identified were: structural and organizational characteristics (the internal and external characteristics of aquatic and recreation centres), characteristics of feasible pricing changes (type, magnitude and products targeted by pricing strategies) and business outcomes (profits and customer feedback). Results suggest that pricing interventions to promote healthy food and beverage choices can be feasible and acceptable to retailers, though contextual considerations are likely to be important. Future studies should use these findings to design interventions most likely to be acceptable to retailers, work with retailers to implement health-promoting food and beverage pricing interventions, evaluate the impact on business outcomes including customer perspectives and profitability, and test transferability to other retail settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Huse
- Deakin University, Geelong, Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Australia
| | - Christina Zorbas
- Deakin University, Geelong, Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Australia
| | | | - Ari Kurzeme
- YMCA Victoria
- Menzies School of Health Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Miranda Blake
- Deakin University, Geelong, Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Australia
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne
| | - Megan Ferguson
- Menzies School of Health Research, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne
| | - Claire Palermo
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne
| | - Anna Peeters
- Deakin University, Geelong, Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Australia
| | | | - Julie Brimblecombe
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne
| | - Marj Moodie
- Deakin University, Geelong, Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Australia
- Deakin University, Geelong, Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Australia
| | - Kathryn Backholer
- Deakin University, Geelong, Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Australia
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147
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Präger M, Kurz C, Böhm J, Laxy M, Maier W. Using data from online geocoding services for the assessment of environmental obesogenic factors: a feasibility study. Int J Health Geogr 2019; 18:13. [PMID: 31174531 PMCID: PMC6555943 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-019-0177-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing prevalence of obesity is a major public health problem in many countries. Built environment factors are known to be associated with obesity, which is an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Online geocoding services could be used to identify regions with a high concentration of obesogenic factors. The aim of our study was to examine the feasibility of integrating information from online geocoding services for the assessment of obesogenic environments. METHODS We identified environmental factors associated with obesity from the literature and translated these factors into variables from the online geocoding services Google Maps and OpenStreetMap (OSM). We tested whether spatial data points can be downloaded from these services and processed and visualized on maps. True- and false-positive values, false-negative values, sensitivities and positive predictive values of the processed data were determined using search engines and in-field inspections within four pilot areas in Bavaria, Germany. RESULTS Several environmental factors could be identified from the literature that were either positively or negatively correlated with weight outcomes in previous studies. The diversity of query variables was higher in OSM compared with Google Maps. In each pilot area, query results from Google showed a higher absolute number of true-positive hits and of false-positive hits, but a lower number of false-negative hits during the validation process. The positive predictive value of database hits was higher in OSM and ranged between 81 and 100% compared with a range of 63-89% for Google Maps. In contrast, sensitivities were higher in Google Maps (between 59 and 98%) than in OSM (between 20 and 64%). CONCLUSIONS It was possible to operationalize obesogenic factors identified from the literature with data and variables available from geocoding services. The validity of Google Maps and OSM was reasonable. The assessment of environmental obesogenic factors via geocoding services could potentially be applied in diabetes surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Präger
- Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85758 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Kurz
- Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85758 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Julian Böhm
- Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85758 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Laxy
- Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85758 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Werner Maier
- Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85758 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
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148
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Neighbourhood built environment and physical function among mid-to-older aged adults: A systematic review. Health Place 2019; 58:102137. [PMID: 31176106 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review included 23 quantitative studies that estimated associations between aspects of the neighbourhood built environment and physical function among adults aged ≥45 years. Findings were analysed according to nine aspects of the neighbourhood built environment: walkability, residential density, street connectivity, land use mix, public transport, pedestrian infrastructure, aesthetics, safety and traffic. Evidence was found for a positive association of pedestrian infrastructure and aesthetics with physical function, while weaker evidence was found for land use mix, and safety from crime and traffic. There was an insufficient number of studies for walkability, residential density, street connectivity and access to public transport.
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149
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Sacks G, Robinson E, Cameron AJ. Issues in Measuring the Healthiness of Food Environments and Interpreting Relationships with Diet, Obesity and Related Health Outcomes. Curr Obes Rep 2019; 8:98-111. [PMID: 30879246 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-019-00342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is a broad consensus that policies to create healthier food environments are needed to address obesity. However, previous reviews of the relationships between the healthiness of food environments and diet/obesity-related outcomes have typically reported either mixed associations or none at all. This paper aimed to synthesise measurement and interpretation issues in this field, based on findings from previous reviews. RECENT FINDINGS Key issues, drawn from 14 previous reviews in the last decade, included: (1) the use of measures of the food environments that are too narrow in scope; (2) inadequate measures of the way in which people are exposed to, and interact with, food environments; and (3) large heterogeneity in tools and methods used. To evaluate the impact of food environments on diet and health, composite measures of the healthiness of food environments, informed by actual usage patterns, need to be developed and consistently applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Sacks
- Global Obesity Centre, Melbourne Burwood Campus, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia.
| | - Ella Robinson
- Global Obesity Centre, Melbourne Burwood Campus, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Adrian J Cameron
- Global Obesity Centre, Melbourne Burwood Campus, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
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Availability of neighbourhood supermarkets and convenience stores, broader built environment context, and the purchase of fruits and vegetables in US households. Public Health Nutr 2019; 22:2436-2447. [PMID: 31130150 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019000910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether neighbourhood supermarket and convenience store availability and broader built environment context are associated with food purchasing behaviour in a national population. DESIGN We used observational data to perform a cross-sectional study of food purchases for US households in 2010. We used three-level mixed-effect regression models to determine whether the associations between the number of neighbourhood supermarkets and convenience stores and the self-reported annual household expenditures for fruits and vegetables were affected by regional destination accessibility, neighbourhood destination diversity, availability of neighbourhood destinations and neighbourhood street connectivity. SETTING Metropolitan statistical areas (n 378) in the USA. PARTICIPANTS Households (n 22 448). RESULTS When we controlled for broader built environment context, there was no significant association between availability of neighbourhood supermarkets and expenditures on fruits and vegetables; instead, we observed an inverse association between the number of convenience stores and expenditures for fruits (P = 0·001). The broader built environment context was associated with food purchase, although the magnitude was small: (i) higher regional destination accessibility was associated with higher expenditures for fruits (P < 0·001); (ii) higher neighbourhood destination diversity was associated with lower expenditures for vegetables (P = 0·002); and (iii) higher neighbourhood street connectivity was associated with higher expenditures for fruits (P < 0·001). CONCLUSIONS The broader built environment factors contributed to understanding how people use neighbourhood food stores. However, there was only a small relationship between the broader environment context and fruit and vegetable expenditures. Policy interventions that focus exclusively on increasing the availability of neighbourhood supermarkets likely will not promote fruit and vegetable consumption.
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