101
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Regulation and Functions of Protumoral Unconventional T Cells in Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143578. [PMID: 34298791 PMCID: PMC8304984 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of studies on T cell biology in tumor immunity have focused on peptide-reactive conventional T cells that are restricted to polymorphic major histocompatibility complex molecules. However, emerging evidence indicated that unconventional T cells, including γδ T cells, natural killer T (NKT) cells and mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are also involved in tumor immunity. Unconventional T cells span the innate-adaptive continuum and possess the unique ability to rapidly react to nonpeptide antigens via their conserved T cell receptors (TCRs) and/or to activating cytokines to orchestrate many aspects of the immune response. Since unconventional T cell lineages comprise discrete functional subsets, they can mediate both anti- and protumoral activities. Here, we review the current understanding of the functions and regulatory mechanisms of protumoral unconventional T cell subsets in the tumor environment. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of these deleterious subsets in solid cancers and why further feasibility studies are warranted.
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102
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Vanhaverbeke C, Touboul D, Elie N, Prévost M, Meunier C, Michelland S, Cunin V, Ma L, Vermijlen D, Delporte C, Pochet S, Le Gouellec A, Sève M, Van Antwerpen P, Souard F. Untargeted metabolomics approach to discriminate mistletoe commercial products. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14205. [PMID: 34244531 PMCID: PMC8270909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93255-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mistletoe (Viscum album L.) is used in German-speaking European countries in the field of integrative oncology linking conventional and complementary medicine therapies to improve quality of life. Various companies sell extracts, fermented or not, for injection by subcutaneous or intra-tumoral route with a regulatory status of anthroposophic medicinal products (European Medicinal Agency (EMA) assessment status). These companies as well as anthroposophical physicians argue that complex matrices composed of many molecules in mixture are necessary for activity and that the host tree of the mistletoe parasitic plant is the main determining factor for this matrix composition. The critical point is that parenteral devices of European mistletoe extracts do not have a standard chemical composition regulated by EMA quality guidelines, because they are not drugs, regulatory speaking. However, the mechanism of mistletoe's anticancer activity and its effectiveness in treating and supporting cancer patients are not fully understood. Because of this lack of transparency and knowledge regarding the matrix chemical composition, we undertook an untargeted metabolomics study of several mistletoe extracts to explore and compare their fingerprints by LC-(HR)MS(/MS) and 1H-NMR. Unexpectedly, we showed that the composition was primarily driven by the manufacturer/preparation method rather than the different host trees. This differential composition may cause differences in immunostimulating and anti-cancer activities of the different commercially available mistletoe extracts as illustrated by structure-activity relationships based on LC-MS/MS and 1H-NMR identifications completed by docking experiments. In conclusion, in order to move towards an evidence-based medicine use of mistletoe, it is a priority to bring rigor and quality, chemically speaking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Touboul
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nicolas Elie
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Martine Prévost
- Structure et Fonction des Membranes Biologiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cécile Meunier
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, Service de Biochimie et Biologie moléculaire et Toxicologie Environnementale, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvie Michelland
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Plateforme GExiM, 38000, Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble, France
| | - Valérie Cunin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Plateforme GExiM, 38000, Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble, France
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics (DPP), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050, Brussels, Belgium
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université libre de Bruxelles, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
- ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Vermijlen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics (DPP), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050, Brussels, Belgium
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université libre de Bruxelles, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
- ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cédric Delporte
- RD3-Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Pochet
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics (DPP), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey Le Gouellec
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, Service de Biochimie et Biologie moléculaire et Toxicologie Environnementale, 38000, Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Plateforme GExiM, 38000, Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble, France
| | - Michel Sève
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Plateforme GExiM, 38000, Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- RD3-Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Florence Souard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM, 38000, Grenoble, France
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics (DPP), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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103
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Targeting butyrophilins for cancer immunotherapy. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:670-680. [PMID: 34253468 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Vγ9Vδ2+ T cells form part of the innate immune repertoire and are activated by phosphorylated antigens produced by many bacteria and tumors. They have long been suggested as promising targets for anti-tumor therapies, but clinical trials so far have not shown major successes. Several recent discoveries could help to overcome these shortfalls, such as those leading to an improved understanding of the role of butyrophilin molecules BTN2A1 and BTN3A1, in Vγ9Vδ2+ T cell activation. Moreover, we propose that studies suggesting the presence of live bacteria in a variety of tumors (tumor microbiome), indicate that the latter might be harnessed as a source of high affinity bacterial phosphoantigen to trigger or enhance anti-tumor immune responses.
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104
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Cano CE, Pasero C, De Gassart A, Kerneur C, Gabriac M, Fullana M, Granarolo E, Hoet R, Scotet E, Rafia C, Herrmann T, Imbert C, Gorvel L, Vey N, Briantais A, le Floch AC, Olive D. BTN2A1, an immune checkpoint targeting Vγ9Vδ2 T cell cytotoxicity against malignant cells. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109359. [PMID: 34260935 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-tumor response of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells requires the sensing of accumulated phosphoantigens (pAgs) bound intracellularly to butyrophilin 3A1 (BTN3A1). In this study, we show that butyrophilin 2A1 (BTN2A1) is required for BTN3A-mediated Vγ9Vδ2 T cell cytotoxicity against cancer cells, and that expression of the BTN2A1/BTN3A1 complex is sufficient to trigger Vγ9Vδ2 TCR activation. Also, BTN2A1 interacts with all isoforms of BTN3A (BTN3A1, BTN3A2, BTN3A3), which appears to be a rate-limiting factor to BTN2A1 export to the plasma membrane. BTN2A1/BTN3A1 interaction is enhanced by pAgs and, strikingly, B30.2 domains of both proteins are required for pAg responsiveness. BTN2A1 expression in cancer cells correlates with bisphosphonate-induced Vγ9Vδ2 T cell cytotoxicity. Vγ9Vδ2 T cell killing of cancer cells is modulated by anti-BTN2A1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), whose action relies on the inhibition of BTN2A1 binding to the Vγ9Vδ2TCR. This demonstrates the potential of BTN2A1 as a therapeutic target and adds to the emerging butyrophilin-family cooperation pathway in γδ T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla E Cano
- ImCheck Therapeutics, 31 Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Christine Pasero
- ImCheck Therapeutics, 31 Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Aude De Gassart
- ImCheck Therapeutics, 31 Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Clement Kerneur
- ImCheck Therapeutics, 31 Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Mélanie Gabriac
- ImCheck Therapeutics, 31 Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Marie Fullana
- ImCheck Therapeutics, 31 Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Emilie Granarolo
- ImCheck Therapeutics, 31 Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - René Hoet
- ImCheck Therapeutics, 31 Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuel Scotet
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CRCINA, 44000 Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology," Nantes 44000, France
| | - Chirine Rafia
- ImCheck Therapeutics, 31 Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France; Université de Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CRCINA, 44000 Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology," Nantes 44000, France
| | - Thomas Herrmann
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Imbert
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Gorvel
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Norbert Vey
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Antoine Briantais
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Anne Charlotte le Floch
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Olive
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, 13009 Marseille, France; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université UM105, CNRS UMR 7258, 13009 Marseille, France.
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105
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Mata Forsberg M, Arasa C, van Zwol W, Uzunçayir S, Schönbichler A, Regenthal P, Schelin J, Lindkvist-Petersson K, Björkander S, Sverremark-Ekström E. Activation of human γδ T cells and NK cells by Staphylococcal enterotoxins requires both monocytes and conventional T cells. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:597-609. [PMID: 34114693 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a1020-630rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) pose a great threat to human health due to their ability to bypass antigen presentation and activate large amounts of conventional T cells resulting in a cytokine storm potentially leading to toxic shock syndrome. Unconventional T- and NK cells are also activated by SE but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, the authors aimed to explore the underlying mechanism behind SE-mediated activation of MAIT-, γδ T-, and NK cells in vitro. CBMC or PBMC were stimulated with the toxins SEA, SEH, and TSST-1, and cytokine and cytotoxic responses were analyzed with ELISA and flow cytometry. All toxins induced a broad range of cytokines, perforin and granzyme B, although SEH was not as potent as SEA and TSST-1. SE-induced IFN-γ expression in MAIT-, γδ T-, and NK cells was clearly reduced by neutralization of IL-12, while cytotoxic compounds were not affected at all. Kinetic assays showed that unconventional T cell and NK cell-responses are secondary to the response in conventional T cells. Furthermore, co-cultures of isolated cell populations revealed that the ability of SEA to activate γδ T- and NK cells was fully dependent on the presence of both monocytes and αβ T cells. Lastly, it was found that SE provoked a reduced and delayed cytokine response in infants, particularly within the unconventional T and NK cell populations. This study provides novel insights regarding the activation of unconventional T- and NK cells by SE, which contribute to understanding the vulnerability of young children towards Staphylococcus aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Mata Forsberg
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claudia Arasa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Willemien van Zwol
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sibel Uzunçayir
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Schönbichler
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paulina Regenthal
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jenny Schelin
- Division of Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Sophia Björkander
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Sverremark-Ekström
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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106
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Holmen Olofsson G, Idorn M, Carnaz Simões AM, Aehnlich P, Skadborg SK, Noessner E, Debets R, Moser B, Met Ö, thor Straten P. Vγ9Vδ2 T Cells Concurrently Kill Cancer Cells and Cross-Present Tumor Antigens. Front Immunol 2021; 12:645131. [PMID: 34149689 PMCID: PMC8208807 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.645131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human Vγ9Vδ2 T cell is a unique cell type that holds great potential in immunotherapy of cancer. In particular, the therapeutic potential of this cell type in adoptive cell therapy (ACT) has gained interest. In this regard optimization of in vitro expansion methods and functional characterization is desirable. We show that Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, expanded in vitro with zoledronic acid (Zometa or ZOL) and Interleukin-2 (IL-2), are efficient cancer cell killers with a trend towards increased killing efficacy after prolonged expansion time. Thus, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells expanded for 25 days in vitro killed prostate cancer cells more efficiently than Vγ9Vδ2 T cells expanded for 9 days. These data are supported by phenotype characteristics, showing increased expression of CD56 and NKG2D over time, reaching above 90% positive cells after 25 days of expansion. At the early stage of expansion, we demonstrate that Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are capable of cross-presenting tumor antigens. In this regard, our data show that Vγ9Vδ2 T cells can take up tumor-associated antigens (TAA) gp100, MART-1 and MAGE-A3 - either as long peptide or recombinant protein - and then present TAA-derived peptides on the cell surface in the context of HLA class I molecules, demonstrated by their recognition as targets by peptide-specific CD8 T cells. Importantly, we show that cross-presentation is impaired by the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin. In conclusion, our data indicate that Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are broadly tumor-specific killers with the additional ability to cross-present MHC class I-restricted peptides, thereby inducing or supporting tumor-specific αβTCR CD8 T cell responses. The dual functionality is dynamic during in vitro expansion, yet, both functions are of interest to explore in ACT for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitte Holmen Olofsson
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, CCIT-DK, Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Manja Idorn
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, CCIT-DK, Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ana Micaela Carnaz Simões
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, CCIT-DK, Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Pia Aehnlich
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, CCIT-DK, Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Signe Koggersbøl Skadborg
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, CCIT-DK, Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Elfriede Noessner
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany Research Center for Environmental Health, Immunoanalytics, Research Group Tissue control of immunocytes, Munich, Germany
| | - Reno Debets
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC-Cancer Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bernhard Moser
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Özcan Met
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, CCIT-DK, Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per thor Straten
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, CCIT-DK, Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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107
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Abstract
In all human cells, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I glycoproteins assemble with a peptide and take it to the cell surface for surveillance by lymphocytes. These include natural killer (NK) cells and γδ T cells of innate immunity and αβ T cells of adaptive immunity. In healthy cells, the presented peptides derive from human proteins, to which lymphocytes are tolerant. In pathogen-infected cells, HLA class I expression is perturbed. Reduced HLA class I expression is detected by KIR and CD94:NKG2A receptors of NK cells. Almost any change in peptide presentation can be detected by αβ CD8+ T cells. In responding to extracellular pathogens, HLA class II glycoproteins, expressed by specialized antigen-presenting cells, present peptides to αβ CD4+ T cells. In comparison to the families of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, MHC class II and αβ T cell receptors, the antigenic specificity of the γδ T cell receptors is incompletely understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakia Djaoud
- Department of Structural Biology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA; ,
| | - Peter Parham
- Department of Structural Biology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA; ,
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108
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Chen S, Li Z, Huang W, Wang Y, Fan S. Prognostic and Therapeutic Significance of BTN3A Proteins in Tumors. J Cancer 2021; 12:4505-4512. [PMID: 34149914 PMCID: PMC8210570 DOI: 10.7150/jca.57831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Butyrophilin 3A (BTN3A) family is a type I transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily. The family contains three members: BTN3A1, BTN3A2 and BTN3A3, which share 95% homology in the extracellular domain. The expression of BTN3A family members is different in different types of tumors, which plays an important role in tumor prognosis. Among them, there are many studies on tumor immunity of BTN3A1, which shows that it is essential for the activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, while BTN3A3 is expected to become a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer. Recent studies have shown that the BTN3A family is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. Now the BTN3A family has become one of the research hotspots and is expected to become new tumor prediction and treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Chen
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhangyun Li
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenyi Huang
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaohua Fan
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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109
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Xu Q, Taher TE, Ashby E, Sharif M, Willcox BE, Mehellou Y. Generation of Stable Isopentenyl Monophosphate Aryloxy Triester Phosphoramidates as Activators of Vγ9Vδ2 T Cells. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2375-2380. [PMID: 33899332 PMCID: PMC8453817 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Aryloxy triester phosphoramidate prodrugs of the monophosphate derivatives of isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) were synthesized as lipophilic derivatives that can improve cell uptake. Despite the structural similarity of IPP and DMAPP, it was noted that their phosphoramidate prodrugs exhibited distinct stability profiles in aqueous environments, which we show is due to the position of the allyl bond in the backbones of the IPP and DMAPP monophosphates. As the IPP monophosphate aryloxy triester phosphoramidates showed favorable stability, they were subsequently investigated for their ability to activate Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells and they showed promising activation of this subset of T cells. Together, these findings represent the first report of IPP and DMAPP monophosphate prodrugs and the ability of IPP aryloxy triester phosphoramidate prodrugs to activate Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells highlighting their potential as possible immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xu
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Taher E Taher
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, University of Birmingham Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Elizabeth Ashby
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, University of Birmingham Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Maria Sharif
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, University of Birmingham Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Benjamin E Willcox
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, University of Birmingham Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Youcef Mehellou
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK
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110
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Paganini J, Pontarotti P. Search for MHC/TCR-Like Systems in Living Organisms. Front Immunol 2021; 12:635521. [PMID: 34017326 PMCID: PMC8129030 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.635521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly polymorphic loci evolved many times over the history of species. These polymorphic loci are involved in three types of functions: kind recognition, self-incompatibility, and the jawed vertebrate adaptive immune system (AIS). In the first part of this perspective, we reanalyzed and described some cases of polymorphic loci reported in the literature. There is a convergent evolution within each functional category and between functional categories, suggesting that the emergence of these self/non-self recognition loci has occurred multiple times throughout the evolutionary history. Most of the highly polymorphic loci are coding for proteins that have a homophilic interaction or heterophilic interaction between linked loci, leading to self or non-self-recognition. The highly polymorphic MHCs, which are involved in the AIS have a different functional mechanism, as they interact through presented self or non-self-peptides with T cell receptors, whose diversity is generated by somatic recombination. Here we propose a mechanism called “the capacity of recognition competition mechanism” that might contribute to the evolution of MHC polymorphism. We propose that the published cases corresponding to these three biological categories represent a small part of what can be found throughout the tree of life, and that similar mechanisms will be found many times, including the one where polymorphic loci interact with somatically generated loci.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre Pontarotti
- XEGEN, Gemenos, France.,Aix Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,SNC5039 CNRS, Marseille, France
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111
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Van Rhijn I, Le Nours J. CD1 and MR1 recognition by human γδ T cells. Mol Immunol 2021; 133:95-100. [PMID: 33636434 PMCID: PMC8075093 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The two main T cell lineages, αβ and γδ T cells, play a central role in immunity. Unlike αβ T cells that recognize antigens bound to the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) or MHC class I-like antigen-presenting molecules, the ligands for γδ T cell receptors (TCRs) are much more diverse. However, it is now clear that γδ TCRs can also recognize MHC class I-like molecules, including CD1b, CD1c, CD1d and the MHC class I-related protein 1 (MR1). Yet, our understanding at the molecular level of γδ T cell immunity to CD1 and MR1 is still very limited. Here, we discuss new molecular paradigms underpinning γδ TCRs recognition of antigens, antigen-presenting molecules or both. The recent discovery of recognition of MR1 by a γδ TCR at a position located underneath the antigen display platform reinforces the view that γδ TCRs can approach their ligands from many directions, unlike αβ TCRs that bind MHC, CD1 and MR1 targets in an aligned, end to end fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jérôme Le Nours
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
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112
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Eberl M, Oldfield E, Herrmann T. Immuno-antibiotics: targeting microbial metabolic pathways sensed by unconventional T cells. IMMUNOTHERAPY ADVANCES 2021; 1:ltab005. [PMID: 35919736 PMCID: PMC9327107 DOI: 10.1093/immadv/ltab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells, mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, and other unconventional T cells are specialised in detecting microbial metabolic pathway intermediates that are absent in humans. The recognition by such semi-invariant innate-like T cells of compounds like (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMB-PP), the penultimate metabolite in the MEP isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway, and intermediates of the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway and their metabolites allows the immune system to rapidly sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns that are shared by a wide range of micro-organisms. Given the essential nature of these metabolic pathways for microbial viability, they have emerged as promising targets for the development of novel antibiotics. Here, we review recent findings that link enzymatic inhibition of microbial metabolism with alterations in the levels of unconventional T cell ligands produced by treated micro-organisms that have given rise to the concept of 'immuno-antibiotics': combining direct antimicrobial activity with an immunotherapeutic effect via modulation of unconventional T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Eberl
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK,Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK,Correspondence: Matthias Eberl, Division of Infection and Immunity, Henry Wellcome Building, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, UK. Tel: +44-29206-87011;
| | - Eric Oldfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Thomas Herrmann
- Institut für Virologie und Immunbiologie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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113
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Barragué H, Fontaine J, Abravanel F, Mauré E, Péron JM, Alric L, Dubois M, Izopet J, Champagne E. Mobilization of γδ T Cells and IL-10 Production at the Acute Phase of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Cytomegalovirus Carriers. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1027-1038. [PMID: 33483348 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in the γδ T cell compartment have been reported in immunocompromised individuals infected with hepatitis E virus (HEV)-g3. We now report the analysis of blood γδ T cells from acutely HEV-infected individuals in the absence of immunosuppression. In these patients, non-Vδ2 (ND2) γδ T cells outnumbered otherwise predominant Vδ2 cells selectively in human CMV (HCMV)-seropositive patients and were higher than in HCMVpos controls, mimicking HCMV reactivation, whereas their serum was PCR-negative for HCMV. Stimulation of their lymphocytes with HEV-infected hepatocarcinoma cells led to an HEV-specific response in γδ subsets of HCMVpos individuals. HEV infection was associated with a lowered expression of TIGIT, LAG-3, and CD160 immune checkpoint markers on ND2 effector memory cells in HCMVneg but not in HCMVpos HEV patients. γδ cell lines, predominantly ND2, were generated from patients after coculture with hepatocarcinoma cells permissive to HEV and IL-2/12/18. Upon restimulation with HEV-infected or uninfected cells and selected cytokines, these cell lines produced IFN-γ and IL-10, the latter being induced by IL-12 in IFN-γ-producing cells and upregulated by HEV and IL-18. They were also capable of suppressing the proliferation of CD3/CD28-activated CD4 cells in transwell experiments. Importantly, IL-10 was detected in the plasma of 10 of 10 HCMVpos HEV patients but rarely in controls or HCMVneg HEV patients, implying that γδ cells are probably involved in IL-10 production at the acute phase of infection. Our data indicate that HEV mobilizes a pool of ND2 memory cells in HCMV carriers, promoting the development of an immunoregulatory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Barragué
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, F-31024 Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, INSERM-U1043, CNRS-UMR5282, F-31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Jessica Fontaine
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, F-31024 Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, INSERM-U1043, CNRS-UMR5282, F-31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Abravanel
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, INSERM-U1043, CNRS-UMR5282, F-31024 Toulouse, France.,CHU Toulouse, Hôspital Purpan, Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre National de Référence Hépatite E, F-31059 Toulouse, France; and
| | - Emilie Mauré
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, INSERM-U1043, CNRS-UMR5282, F-31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Marie Péron
- Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Hôspital Rangueil, F-31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Alric
- Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Hôspital Rangueil, F-31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Martine Dubois
- CHU Toulouse, Hôspital Purpan, Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre National de Référence Hépatite E, F-31059 Toulouse, France; and
| | - Jacques Izopet
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, F-31024 Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, INSERM-U1043, CNRS-UMR5282, F-31024 Toulouse, France.,CHU Toulouse, Hôspital Purpan, Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre National de Référence Hépatite E, F-31059 Toulouse, France; and
| | - Eric Champagne
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, F-31024 Toulouse, France; .,Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, INSERM-U1043, CNRS-UMR5282, F-31024 Toulouse, France
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114
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Andrlová H, van den Brink MRM, Markey KA. An Unconventional View of T Cell Reconstitution After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Front Oncol 2021; 10:608923. [PMID: 33680931 PMCID: PMC7930482 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.608923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is performed as curative-intent therapy for hematologic malignancies and non-malignant hematologic, immunological and metabolic disorders, however, its broader implementation is limited by high rates of transplantation-related complications and a 2-year mortality that approaches 50%. Robust reconstitution of a functioning innate and adaptive immune system is a critical contributor to good long-term patient outcomes, primarily to prevent and overcome post-transplantation infectious complications and ensure adequate graft-versus-leukemia effects. There is increasing evidence that unconventional T cells may have an important immunomodulatory role after allo-HCT, which may be at least partially dependent on the post-transplantation intestinal microbiome. Here we discuss the role of immune reconstitution in allo-HCT outcome, focusing on unconventional T cells, specifically mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, γδ (gd) T cells, and invariant NK T (iNKT) cells. We provide an overview of the mechanistic preclinical and associative clinical studies that have been performed. We also discuss the emerging role of the intestinal microbiome with regard to hematopoietic function and overall immune reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Andrlová
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marcel R. M. van den Brink
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Division of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kate A. Markey
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Division of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
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115
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Li Y, Li G, Zhang J, Wu X, Chen X. The Dual Roles of Human γδ T Cells: Anti-Tumor or Tumor-Promoting. Front Immunol 2021; 11:619954. [PMID: 33664732 PMCID: PMC7921733 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.619954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are the unique T cell subgroup with their T cell receptors composed of γ chain and δ chain. Unlike αβ T cells, γδ T cells are non-MHC-restricted in recognizing tumor antigens, and therefore defined as innate immune cells. Activated γδ T cells can promote the anti-tumor function of adaptive immune cells. They are considered as a bridge between adaptive immunity and innate immunity. However, several other studies have shown that γδ T cells can also promote tumor progression by inhibiting anti-tumor response. Therefore, γδ T cells may have both anti-tumor and tumor-promoting effects. In order to clarify this contradiction, in this review, we summarized the functions of the main subsets of human γδ T cells in how they exhibit their respective anti-tumor or pro-tumor effects in cancer. Then, we reviewed recent γδ T cell-based anti-tumor immunotherapy. Finally, we summarized the existing problems and prospect of this immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Gen Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Tian Jin University, Tian Jin, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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116
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Lentini NA, Schroeder CM, Harmon NM, Huang X, Schladetsch MA, Foust BJ, Poe MM, Hsiao CHC, Wiemer AJ, Wiemer DF. Synthesis and Metabolism of BTN3A1 Ligands: Studies on Modifications of the Allylic Alcohol. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:136-142. [PMID: 33488975 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
(E)-4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl diphosphate (HMBPP) and its phosphonate analogs are potent phosphoantigens. HMBPP contains an (E)-allylic alcohol which interacts with the molecular target BTN3A1 giving an antigenic signal to activate Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. As probes of BTN3A1 function, we prepared prodrug derivatives of the HMBPP analog C-HMBP that lack the (E)-allylic alcohol or have modified it to an aldehyde or aldoxime and evaluated their biological activity. Removal of the alcohol completely abrogates phosphoantigenicity in these compounds while the aldoxime modification decreases potency relative to the (E)-allylic alcohol form. However, homoprenyl derivatives oxidized to an aldehyde stimulate Vγ9Vδ2 T cells at nanomolar concentrations. Selection of phosphonate protecting groups (i.e., prodrug forms) impacts the potency of phosphoantigen aldehydes, with mixed aryl acyloxyalkyl forms exhibiting superior activity relative to aryl amidate forms. The activity correlates with the cellular reduction of the aldehyde to the alcohol form. Thus, the functionality on this ligand framework can be altered concurrently with phosphonate protection to promote cellular transformation to highly potent phosphoantigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Lentini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1294, United States
| | - Chloe M. Schroeder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1294, United States
| | - Nyema M. Harmon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1294, United States
| | - Xueting Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3092,United States
| | - Megan A. Schladetsch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3092,United States
| | - Benjamin J. Foust
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1294, United States
| | - Michael M. Poe
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008-5413, United States
| | - Chia-Hung Christine Hsiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3092,United States
| | - Andrew J. Wiemer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3092,United States
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3092, United States
| | - David F. Wiemer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1294, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1109, United States
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117
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Translating Unconventional T Cells and Their Roles in Leukemia Antitumor Immunity. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:6633824. [PMID: 33506055 PMCID: PMC7808823 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6633824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, cell-mediated immune response in malignant neoplasms has become the focus in immunotherapy against cancer. However, in leukemia, most studies on the cytotoxic potential of T cells have concentrated only on T cells that recognize peptide antigens (Ag) presented by polymorphic molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). This ignores the great potential of unconventional T cell populations, which include gamma-delta T cells (γδ), natural killer T cells (NKT), and mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT). Collectively, these T cell populations can recognize lipid antigens, specially modified peptides and small molecule metabolites, in addition to having several other advantages, which can provide more effective applications in cancer immunotherapy. In recent years, these cell populations have been associated with a repertoire of anti- or protumor responses and play important roles in the dynamics of solid tumors and hematological malignancies, thus, encouraging the development of new investigations in the area. This review focuses on the current knowledge regarding the role of unconventional T cell populations in the antitumor immune response in leukemia and discusses why further studies on the immunotherapeutic potential of these cells are needed.
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118
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Muñoz Sosa CJ, Issoglio FM, Carrizo ME. Crystal structure and mutational analysis of the human TRIM7 B30.2 domain provide insights into the molecular basis of its binding to glycogenin-1. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100772. [PMID: 33989636 PMCID: PMC8203840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM)7 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that was first identified through its interaction with glycogenin-1 (GN1), the autoglucosyltransferase that initiates glycogen biosynthesis. A growing body of evidence indicates that TRIM7 plays an important role in cancer development, viral pathogenesis, and atherosclerosis and, thus, represents a potential therapeutic target. TRIM family proteins share a multidomain architecture with a conserved N-terminal TRIM and a variable C-terminal domain. Human TRIM7 contains the canonical TRIM motif and a B30.2 domain at the C terminus. To contribute to the understanding of the mechanism of action of TRIM7, we solved the X-ray crystal structure of its B30.2 domain (TRIM7B30.2) in two crystal forms at resolutions of 1.6 Å and 1.8 Å. TRIM7B30.2 exhibits the typical B30.2 domain fold, consisting of two antiparallel β-sheets of seven and six strands, arranged as a distorted β-sandwich. Furthermore, two long loops partially cover the concave face of the β-sandwich defined by the β-sheet of six strands, thus forming a positively charged cavity. We used sequence conservation and mutational analyses to provide evidence of a putative binding interface for GN1. These studies showed that Leu423, Ser499, and Cys501 of TRIM7B30.2 and the C-terminal 33 amino acids of GN1 are critical for this binding interaction. Molecular dynamics simulations also revealed that hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions play a major role in the stability of a modeled TRIM7B30.2-GN1 C-terminal peptide complex. These data provide useful information that could be used to target this interaction for the development of potential therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J Muñoz Sosa
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC) - CONICET and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Federico M Issoglio
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN) - CONICET and Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María E Carrizo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC) - CONICET and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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119
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Singh KS, Sharma R, Reddy PAN, Vonteddu P, Good M, Sundarrajan A, Choi H, Muthumani K, Kossenkov A, Goldman AR, Tang HY, Totrov M, Cassel J, Murphy ME, Somasundaram R, Herlyn M, Salvino JM, Dotiwala F. RETRACTED ARTICLE: IspH inhibitors kill Gram-negative bacteria and mobilize immune clearance. Nature 2020; 589:597-602. [PMID: 33361818 PMCID: PMC8776033 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03074-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Isoprenoids are vital to all organisms in supporting core functions of life, like respiration and membrane stability.1 IspH, an enzyme in the methyl erythritol phosphate pathway of isoprenoid synthesis, is essential to gram-negative bacteria, mycobacteria and apicomplexans.2,3 The IspH substrate, HMBPP, is not produced in humans and other metazoans and activates cytotoxic Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells in humans and primates at extremely low concentrations.4-6 We describe novel IspH inhibitors and through structure-guided analog design, refine their potency to nanomolar levels. We have modified these into prodrugs for delivery into bacteria and report that they kill clinical isolates of several multidrug resistant bacterial species such as Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Vibrio, Shigella, Salmonella, Yersinia, Mycobacterium and Bacillus, while being relatively non-toxic to mammalian cells. Proteomic analysis reveals that bacteria treated with prodrugs resemble those with conditional IspH knockdown. Notably, these prodrugs also cause expansion and activation of human Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells in a humanized mouse model of bacterial infection. These IspH prodrugs synergize direct antibiotic killing with a simultaneous rapid immune response by cytotoxic γδ T-cells, which may limit the rise of antibiotic resistant bacterial populations.
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120
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Dang AT, Strietz J, Zenobi A, Khameneh HJ, Brandl SM, Lozza L, Conradt G, Kaufmann SHE, Reith W, Kwee I, Minguet S, Chelbi ST, Guarda G. NLRC5 promotes transcription of BTN3A1-3 genes and Vγ9Vδ2 T cell-mediated killing. iScience 2020; 24:101900. [PMID: 33364588 PMCID: PMC7753138 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BTN3A molecules—BTN3A1 in particular—emerged as important mediators of Vγ9Vδ2 T cell activation by phosphoantigens. These metabolites can originate from infections, e.g. with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, or by alterations in cellular metabolism. Despite the growing interest in the BTN3A genes and their high expression in immune cells and various cancers, little is known about their transcriptional regulation. Here we show that these genes are induced by NLRC5, a regulator of MHC class I gene transcription, through an atypical regulatory motif found in their promoters. Accordingly, a robust correlation between NLRC5 and BTN3A gene expression was found in healthy, in M. tuberculosis-infected donors' blood cells, and in primary tumors. Moreover, forcing NLRC5 expression promoted Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell-mediated killing of tumor cells in a BTN3A-dependent manner. Altogether, these findings indicate that NLRC5 regulates the expression of BTN3A genes and hence open opportunities to modulate antimicrobial and anticancer immunity. BTN3A promoters contain a unique regulatory motif occupied by overexpressed NLRC5 NLRC5 and BTN3A mRNA levels correlate in healthy and diseased cells NLRC5 overexpression increases susceptibility to Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell-mediated elimination
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Thu Dang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Juliane Strietz
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alessandro Zenobi
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Hanif J Khameneh
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Simon M Brandl
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura Lozza
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Gregor Conradt
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan H E Kaufmann
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin 10117, Germany.,Hagler Institute for Advanced Study at Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Walter Reith
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ivo Kwee
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Susana Minguet
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sonia T Chelbi
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Greta Guarda
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
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121
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Castillo-González R, Cibrian D, Sánchez-Madrid F. Dissecting the complexity of γδ T-cell subsets in skin homeostasis, inflammation, and malignancy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 147:2030-2042. [PMID: 33259837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
γδ T cells are much less common than αβ T cells, accounting for 0.5% to 5% of all T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues in mice and humans. However, they are the most abundant T-lymphocyte subset in some epithelial barriers such as mouse skin. γδ T cells are considered innate lymphocytes because of their non-MHC restricted antigen recognition, as well as because of their rapid response to cytokines, invading pathogens, and malignant cells. Exacerbated expansion and activation of γδ T cells in the skin is a common feature of acute and chronic skin inflammation such as psoriasis and contact or atopic dermatitis. Different γδ T-cell subsets showing differential developmental and functional features are found in mouse and human skin. This review discusses the state of the art of research and future perspectives about the role of the different subsets of γδ T-cells detected in the skin in steady-state, psoriasis, dermatitis, infection, and malignant skin diseases. Also, we highlight the differences between human and mouse γδ T cells in skin homeostasis and inflammation, as understanding the differential role of each subtype of skin γδ T cells will improve the discovery of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Castillo-González
- Immunology Service, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Danay Cibrian
- Immunology Service, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Immunology Service, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
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122
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George CN, Canuas-Landero V, Theodoulou E, Muthana M, Wilson C, Ottewell P. Oestrogen and zoledronic acid driven changes to the bone and immune environments: Potential mechanisms underlying the differential anti-tumour effects of zoledronic acid in pre- and post-menopausal conditions. J Bone Oncol 2020; 25:100317. [PMID: 32995253 PMCID: PMC7516134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2020.100317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Late stage breast cancer commonly metastasises to bone and patient survival averages 2-3 years following diagnosis of bone involvement. One of the most successful treatments for bone metastases is the bisphosphonate, zoledronic acid (ZOL). ZOL has been used in the advanced setting for many years where it has been shown to reduce skeletal complications associated with bone metastasis. More recently, several large adjuvant clinical trials have demonstrated that administration of ZOL can prevent recurrence and improve survival when given in early breast cancer. However, these promising effects were only observed in post-menopausal women with confirmed low concentrations of circulating ovarian hormones. In this review we focus on potential interactions between the ovarian hormone, oestrogen, and ZOL to establish credible hypotheses that could explain why anti-tumour effects are specific to post-menopausal women. Specifically, we discuss the molecular and immune cell driven mechanisms by which ZOL and oestrogen affect the tumour microenvironment to inhibit/induce tumour growth and how oestrogen can interact with zoledronic acid to inhibit its anti-tumour actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher N. George
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - Victor Canuas-Landero
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - Elizavet Theodoulou
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - Munitta Muthana
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Wilson
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
| | - Penelope Ottewell
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
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123
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Hsu H, Boudova S, Mvula G, Divala TH, Rach D, Mungwira RG, Boldrin F, Degiacomi G, Manganelli R, Laufer MK, Cairo C. Age-related changes in PD-1 expression coincide with increased cytotoxic potential in Vδ2 T cells during infancy. Cell Immunol 2020; 359:104244. [PMID: 33248366 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells respond to several diverse pathogens by sensing microbial cholesterol intermediates. Unlike CD4 T cells, they are poised for rapid Th1-like responses even before birth, which allows them to play a key role in the first line of defense against pathogens in early life. However, their regulation and functional maturation during infancy (in particular the acquisition of cytotoxic potential) remain understudied. We thus characterized their responses to cholesterol intermediates and Bacille Calmette-Guérin in a cohort of African neonates and 12-month-old infants. Infant Vδ2 lymphocytes exhibited intermediate or adult-like expression of markers associated with differentiation or function, intermediate proliferative responses, and adult-like cytotoxic potential. The enhancement of Vδ2 cell cytotoxic potential coincided with decreasing PD-1 and increasing NKG2A expression. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that switching from a PD-1+ to a NKG2A+ phenotype during infancy indicates a shift in mechanisms regulating Vδ2 T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoting Hsu
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sarah Boudova
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Godfrey Mvula
- Blantyre Malaria Project, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Titus H Divala
- Blantyre Malaria Project, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - David Rach
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Graduate Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Randy G Mungwira
- Blantyre Malaria Project, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Francesca Boldrin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Degiacomi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Miriam K Laufer
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Cristiana Cairo
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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124
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Perez C, Gruber I, Arber C. Off-the-Shelf Allogeneic T Cell Therapies for Cancer: Opportunities and Challenges Using Naturally Occurring "Universal" Donor T Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:583716. [PMID: 33262761 PMCID: PMC7685996 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) engineered T cell therapies individually prepared for each patient with autologous T cells have recently changed clinical practice in the management of B cell malignancies. Even though CARs used to redirect polyclonal T cells to the tumor are not HLA restricted, CAR T cells are also characterized by their endogenous T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. Tumor-antigen targeted TCR-based T cell therapies in clinical trials are thus far using “conventional” αβ-TCRs that recognize antigens presented as peptides in the context of the major histocompatibility complex. Thus, both CAR- and TCR-based adoptive T cell therapies (ACTs) are dictated by compatibility of the highly polymorphic HLA molecules between donors and recipients in order to avoid graft-versus-host disease and rejection. The development of third-party healthy donor derived well-characterized off-the-shelf cell therapy products that are readily available and broadly applicable is an intensive area of research. While genome engineering provides the tools to generate “universal” donor cells that can be redirected to cancers, we will focus our attention on third-party off-the-shelf strategies with T cells that are characterized by unique natural features and do not require genome editing for safe administration. Specifically, we will discuss the use of virus-specific T cells, lipid-restricted (CD1) T cells, MR1-restricted T cells, and γδ-TCR T cells. CD1- and MR1-restricted T cells are not HLA-restricted and have the potential to serve as a unique source of universal TCR sequences to be broadly applicable in TCR-based ACT as their targets are presented by the monomorphic CD1 or MR1 molecules on a wide variety of tumor types. For each cell type, we will summarize the stage of preclinical and clinical development and discuss opportunities and challenges to deliver off-the-shelf targeted cellular therapies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Perez
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Gruber
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Arber
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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125
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Bartish M, Del Rincón SV, Rudd CE, Saragovi HU. Aiming for the Sweet Spot: Glyco-Immune Checkpoints and γδ T Cells in Targeted Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:564499. [PMID: 33133075 PMCID: PMC7550643 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.564499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Though a healthy immune system is capable of recognizing and eliminating emergent cancerous cells, an established tumor is adept at escaping immune surveillance. Altered and tumor-specific expression of immunosuppressive cell surface carbohydrates, also termed the “tumor glycocode,” is a prominent mechanism by which tumors can escape anti-tumor immunity. Given their persistent and homogeneous expression, tumor-associated glycans are promising targets to be exploited as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. However, the exploitation of these glycans has been a challenge due to their low immunogenicity, immunosuppressive properties, and the inefficient presentation of glycolipids in a conventional major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted manner. Despite this, a subset of T-cells expressing the gamma and delta chains of the T-cell receptor (γδ T cells) exist with a capacity for MHC-unrestricted antigen recognition and potent inherent anti-tumor properties. In this review, we discuss the role of tumor-associated glycans in anti-tumor immunity, with an emphasis on the potential of γδ T cells to target the tumor glycocode. Understanding the many facets of this interaction holds the potential to unlock new ways to use both tumor-associated glycans and γδ T cells in novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Bartish
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Translational Center for Research in Cancer, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sonia V Del Rincón
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Translational Center for Research in Cancer, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Oncology and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christopher E Rudd
- Division of Immuno-Oncology, Research Center Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - H Uri Saragovi
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Translational Center for Research in Cancer, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Oncology and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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126
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Castro CD, Boughter CT, Broughton AE, Ramesh A, Adams EJ. Diversity in recognition and function of human γδ T cells. Immunol Rev 2020; 298:134-152. [PMID: 33136294 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As interest increases in harnessing the potential power of tissue-resident cells for human health and disease, γδ T cells have been thrust into the limelight due to their prevalence in peripheral tissues, their sentinel-like phenotypes, and their unique antigen recognition capabilities. This review focuses primarily on human γδ T cells, highlighting their distinctive characteristics including antigen recognition, function, and development, with an emphasis on where they differ from their αβ T cell comparators, as well as from γδ T cell populations in the mouse. We review the antigens that have been identified thus far to regulate members of the human Vδ1 population and discuss what players are involved in transducing phosphoantigen-mediated signals to human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. We also briefly review distinguishing features of these cells in terms of TCR signaling, use of coreceptor and costimulatory molecules and their development. These cells have great potential to be harnessed in a clinical setting, but caution must be taken to understand their unique capabilities and how they differ from the populations to which they are commonly compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin D Castro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christopher T Boughter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Augusta E Broughton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amrita Ramesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Interdisciplinary Scientist Training Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erin J Adams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Interdisciplinary Scientist Training Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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127
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Suzuki T, Hayman L, Kilbey A, Edwards J, Coffelt SB. Gut γδ T cells as guardians, disruptors, and instigators of cancer. Immunol Rev 2020; 298:198-217. [PMID: 32840001 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide with nearly 2 million cases per year. Immune cells and inflammation are a critical component of colorectal cancer progression, and they are used as reliable prognostic indicators of patient outcome. With the growing appreciation for immunology in colorectal cancer, interest is growing on the role γδ T cells have to play, as they represent one of the most prominent immune cell populations in gut tissue. This group of cells consists of both resident populations-γδ intraepithelial lymphocytes (γδ IELs)-and transient populations that each has unique functions. The homeostatic role of these γδ T cell subsets is to maintain barrier integrity and prevent microorganisms from breaching the mucosal layer, which is accomplished through crosstalk with enterocytes and other immune cells. Recent years have seen a surge in discoveries regarding the regulation of γδ IELs in the intestine and the colon with particular new insights into the butyrophilin family. In this review, we discuss the development, specialities, and functions of γδ T cell subsets during cancer progression. We discuss how these cells may be used to predict patient outcome, as well as how to exploit their behavior for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyasu Suzuki
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Liam Hayman
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anna Kilbey
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Joanne Edwards
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Seth B Coffelt
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
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128
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Willcox CR, Mohammed F, Willcox BE. The distinct MHC-unrestricted immunobiology of innate-like and adaptive-like human γδ T cell subsets-Nature's CAR-T cells. Immunol Rev 2020; 298:25-46. [PMID: 33084045 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Distinct innate-like and adaptive-like immunobiological paradigms are emerging for human γδ T cells, supported by a combination of immunophenotypic, T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, functional, and transcriptomic data. Evidence of the γδ TCR/ligand recognition modalities that respective human subsets utilize is accumulating. Although many questions remain unanswered, one superantigen-like modality features interactions of germline-encoded regions of particular TCR Vγ regions with specific BTN/BTNL family members and apparently aligns with an innate-like biology, albeit with some scope for clonal amplification. A second involves CDR3-mediated γδ TCR interaction with diverse ligands and aligns with an adaptive-like biology. Importantly, these unconventional modalities provide γδ T cells with unique recognition capabilities relative to αβ T cells, B cells, and NK cells, allowing immunosurveillance for signatures of "altered self" on target cells, via a membrane-linked γδ TCR recognizing intact non-MHC proteins on the opposing cell surface. In doing so, they permit cellular responses in diverse situations including where MHC expression is compromised, or where conventional adaptive and/or NK cell-mediated immunity is suppressed. γδ T cells may therefore utilize their TCR like a cell-surface Fab repertoire, somewhat analogous to engineered chimeric antigen receptor T cells, but additionally integrating TCR signaling with parallel signals from other surface immunoreceptors, making them multimolecular sensors of cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie R Willcox
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Fiyaz Mohammed
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Benjamin E Willcox
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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129
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Abstract
γδ T cells are a unique T cell subpopulation that are rare in secondary lymphoid organs but enriched in many peripheral tissues, such as the skin, intestines and lungs. By rapidly producing large amounts of cytokines, γδ T cells make key contributions to immune responses in these tissues. In addition to their immune surveillance activities, recent reports have unravelled exciting new roles for γδ T cells in steady-state tissue physiology, with functions ranging from the regulation of thermogenesis in adipose tissue to the control of neuronal synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system. Here, we review the roles of γδ T cells in tissue homeostasis and in surveillance of infection, aiming to illustrate their major impact on tissue integrity, tissue repair and immune protection.
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130
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Uldrich AP, Rigau M, Godfrey DI. Immune recognition of phosphoantigen-butyrophilin molecular complexes by γδ T cells. Immunol Rev 2020; 298:74-83. [PMID: 33017054 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-delta (γδ) T cells are an important component of the immune system. They are often enriched in non-lymphoid tissues and exhibit diverse functional attributes including rapid activation, cytokine production, proliferation, and acquisition of cytotoxicity following both TCR-dependent and TCR-independent stimulation, but poor capacity for immunological memory. They can detect a broad range of antigens, although typically not peptide-MHC complexes in contrast to alpha-beta (αβ) T cells. In humans, a prominent population of γδ T cells, defined as Vγ9Vδ2+ cells, reacts to small phosphorylated non-peptide "phosphoantigens" (pAgs). The molecular mechanism underpinning this recognition is poorly defined, but is known to involve butyrophilin family members and appears to involve indirect pAg recognition via alterations to butyrophilin molecular complexes. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of pAg recognition by γδ T cells including the role of butyrophilins and in particular, a newly described role for butyrophilin 2A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P Uldrich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Marc Rigau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Institute of Experimental Immunology at the University Clinic of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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131
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Basak AJ, Maiti S, Hansda A, Mahata D, Duraivelan K, Kundapura SV, Lee W, Mukherjee G, De S, Samanta D. Structural Insights into N-terminal IgV Domain of BTNL2, a T Cell Inhibitory Molecule, Suggests a Non-canonical Binding Interface for Its Putative Receptors. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:5938-5950. [PMID: 32976909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
T cell costimulation is mediated by the interaction of a number of receptors and ligands present on the surface of the T cell and antigen-presenting cell, respectively. Stimulatory or inhibitory signals from these receptor-ligand interactions work in tandem to preserve immune homeostasis. BTNL2 is a type-1 membrane protein that provides inhibitory signal to T cells and plays an important role in several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Therefore, manipulation of the molecular interaction of BTNL2 with its putative receptor could provide strategies to restore immune homeostasis in these diseases. Hence, it is imperative to study the structural characteristics of this molecule, which will provide important insights into its function as well. In this study, the membrane-distal ectodomain of murine BTNL2 was expressed in bacteria as inclusion bodies, refolded in vitro and purified for functional and structural characterization. The domain is monomeric in solution as demonstrated by size-exclusion chromatography and analytical ultracentrifugation, and also binds to its putative receptor on naïve B cells and activated T cell subsets. Importantly, for the first time, we report the structure of BTNL2 as determined by solution NMR spectroscopy and also the picosecond-nanosecond timescale backbone dynamics of this domain. The N-terminal ectodomain of BTNL2, which was able to inhibit T cell function as well, exhibits distinctive structural features. The N-terminal ectodomain of BTNL2 has a significantly reduced surface area in the front sheet due to the non-canonical conformation of the CC' loop, which provides important insights into the recognition of its presently unknown binding partner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya J Basak
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
| | - Snigdha Maiti
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
| | - Anita Hansda
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
| | - Dhrubajyoti Mahata
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India; School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
| | | | - Shankar V Kundapura
- Division of Biological Sciences, Poornaprajna Institute of Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Woonghee Lee
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, and Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Gayatri Mukherjee
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India.
| | - Soumya De
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India.
| | - Dibyendu Samanta
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India.
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132
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Potent double prodrug forms of synthetic phosphoantigens. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115666. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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133
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Farrington LA, Callaway PC, Vance HM, Baskevitch K, Lutz E, Warrier L, McIntyre TI, Budker R, Jagannathan P, Nankya F, Musinguzi K, Nalubega M, Sikyomu E, Naluwu K, Arinaitwe E, Dorsey G, Kamya MR, Feeney ME. Opsonized antigen activates Vδ2+ T cells via CD16/FCγRIIIa in individuals with chronic malaria exposure. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008997. [PMID: 33085728 PMCID: PMC7605717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vγ9Vδ2 T cells rapidly respond to phosphoantigens produced by Plasmodium falciparum in an innate-like manner, without prior antigen exposure or processing. Vδ2 T cells have been shown to inhibit parasite replication in vitro and are associated with protection from P. falciparum parasitemia in vivo. Although a marked expansion of Vδ2 T cells is seen after acute malaria infection in naïve individuals, repeated malaria causes Vδ2 T cells to decline both in frequency and in malaria-responsiveness, and to exhibit numerous transcriptional and phenotypic changes, including upregulation of the Fc receptor CD16. Here we investigate the functional role of CD16 on Vδ2 T cells in the immune response to malaria. We show that CD16+ Vδ2 T cells possess more cytolytic potential than their CD16- counterparts, and bear many of the hallmarks of mature NK cells, including KIR expression. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Vδ2 T cells from heavily malaria-exposed individuals are able to respond to opsonized P.falciparum-infected red blood cells through CD16, representing a second, distinct pathway by which Vδ2 T cells may contribute to anti-parasite effector functions. This response was independent of TCR engagement, as demonstrated by blockade of the phosphoantigen presenting molecule Butyrophilin 3A1. Together these results indicate that Vδ2 T cells in heavily malaria-exposed individuals retain the capacity for antimalarial effector function, and demonstrate their activation by opsonized parasite antigen. This represents a new role both for Vδ2 T cells and for opsonizing antibodies in parasite clearance, emphasizing cooperation between the cellular and humoral arms of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lila A. Farrington
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Perri C. Callaway
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Infectious Disease and Immunity Graduate Group, University of California Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Hilary M. Vance
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kayla Baskevitch
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Emma Lutz
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Lakshmi Warrier
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Tara I. McIntyre
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Rachel Budker
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Prasanna Jagannathan
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Ester Sikyomu
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kate Naluwu
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Grant Dorsey
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Moses R. Kamya
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
- College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Margaret E. Feeney
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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134
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Lu H, Dai W, Guo J, Wang D, Wen S, Yang L, Lin D, Xie W, Wen L, Fang J, Wang Z. High Abundance of Intratumoral γδ T Cells Favors a Better Prognosis in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Bioinformatic Analysis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:573920. [PMID: 33101298 PMCID: PMC7555127 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.573920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are a small subset of unconventional T cells that are enriched in the mucosal areas, and are responsible for pathogen clearance and maintaining integrity. However, the role of γδ T cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is largely unknown. Here, by using RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we discovered that HNSCC patients with higher levels of γδ T cells were positively associated with lower clinical stages and better overall survival, and high abundance of γδ T cells was positively correlated with CD8+/CD4+ T cell infiltration. Gene ontology and pathway analyses showed that genes associated with T cell activation, proliferation, effector functions, cytotoxicity, and chemokine production were enriched in the group with a higher γδ T cell abundance. Furthermore, we found that the abundance of γδ T cells was positively associated with the expression of the butyrophilin (BTN) family proteins BTN3A1/BTN3A2/BTN3A3 and BTN2A1, but only MICB, one of the ligands of NKG2D, was involved in the activation of γδ T cells, indicating that the BTN family proteins might be involved in the activation and proliferation of γδ T cells in the tumor microenvironment of HNSCC. Our results indicated that γδ T cells, along with their ligands, are promising targets in HNSCC with great prognostic values and treatment potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanzi Lu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxiao Dai
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyi Guo
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dikan Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuqiong Wen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lisa Yang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongjia Lin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqiang Xie
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liling Wen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Fang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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135
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Kadri H, Taher TE, Xu Q, Sharif M, Ashby E, Bryan RT, Willcox BE, Mehellou Y. Aryloxy Diester Phosphonamidate Prodrugs of Phosphoantigens (ProPAgens) as Potent Activators of Vγ9/Vδ2 T-Cell Immune Responses. J Med Chem 2020; 63:11258-11270. [PMID: 32930595 PMCID: PMC7549095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Vγ9/Vδ2 T-cells are activated by pyrophosphate-containing small molecules known as phosphoantigens (PAgs). The presence of the pyrophosphate group in these PAgs has limited their drug-like properties because of its instability and polar nature. In this work, we report a novel and short Grubbs olefin metathesis-mediated synthesis of methylene and difluoromethylene monophosphonate derivatives of the PAg (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBP) as well as their aryloxy diester phosphonamidate prodrugs, termed ProPAgens. These prodrugs showed excellent stability in human serum (t1/2 > 12 h) and potent activation of Vγ9/Vδ2 T-cells (EC50 ranging from 5 fM to 73 nM), which translated into sub-nanomolar γδ T-cell-mediated eradication of bladder cancer cells in vitro. Additionally, a combination of in silico and in vitro enzymatic assays demonstrated the metabolism of these phosphonamidates to release the unmasked PAg monophosphonate species. Collectively, this work establishes HMBP monophosphonate ProPAgens as ideal candidates for further investigation as novel cancer immunotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hachemi Kadri
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, U.K
| | - Taher E Taher
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.,Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Qin Xu
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, U.K
| | - Maria Sharif
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.,Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Elizabeth Ashby
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.,Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Richard T Bryan
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Benjamin E Willcox
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.,Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Youcef Mehellou
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, U.K
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136
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Herrmann T, Karunakaran MM, Fichtner AS. A glance over the fence: Using phylogeny and species comparison for a better understanding of antigen recognition by human γδ T-cells. Immunol Rev 2020; 298:218-236. [PMID: 32981055 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Both, jawless and jawed vertebrates possess three lymphocyte lineages defined by highly diverse antigen receptors: Two T-cell- and one B-cell-like lineage. In both phylogenetic groups, the theoretically possible number of individual antigen receptor specificities can even outnumber that of lymphocytes of a whole organism. Despite fundamental differences in structure and genetics of these antigen receptors, convergent evolution led to functional similarities between the lineages. Jawed vertebrates possess αβ and γδ T-cells defined by eponymous αβ and γδ T-cell antigen receptors (TCRs). "Conventional" αβ T-cells recognize complexes of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I and II molecules and peptides. Non-conventional T-cells, which can be αβ or γδ T-cells, recognize a large variety of ligands and differ strongly in phenotype and function between species and within an organism. This review describes similarities and differences of non-conventional T-cells of various species and discusses ligands and functions of their TCRs. A special focus is laid on Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells whose TCRs act as sensors for phosphorylated isoprenoid metabolites, so-called phosphoantigens (PAg), associated with microbial infections or altered host metabolism in cancer or after drug treatment. We discuss the role of butyrophilin (BTN)3A and BTN2A1 in PAg-sensing and how species comparison can help in a better understanding of this human Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Herrmann
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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137
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Payne KK, Mine JA, Biswas S, Chaurio RA, Perales-Puchalt A, Anadon CM, Costich TL, Harro CM, Walrath J, Ming Q, Tcyganov E, Buras AL, Rigolizzo KE, Mandal G, Lajoie J, Ophir M, Tchou J, Marchion D, Luca VC, Bobrowicz P, McLaughlin B, Eskiocak U, Schmidt M, Cubillos-Ruiz JR, Rodriguez PC, Gabrilovich DI, Conejo-Garcia JR. BTN3A1 governs antitumor responses by coordinating αβ and γδ T cells. Science 2020; 369:942-949. [PMID: 32820120 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay2767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gamma delta (γδ) T cells infiltrate most human tumors, but current immunotherapies fail to exploit their in situ major histocompatibility complex-independent tumoricidal potential. Activation of γδ T cells can be elicited by butyrophilin and butyrophilin-like molecules that are structurally similar to the immunosuppressive B7 family members, yet how they regulate and coordinate αβ and γδ T cell responses remains unknown. Here, we report that the butyrophilin BTN3A1 inhibits tumor-reactive αβ T cell receptor activation by preventing segregation of N-glycosylated CD45 from the immune synapse. Notably, CD277-specific antibodies elicit coordinated restoration of αβ T cell effector activity and BTN2A1-dependent γδ lymphocyte cytotoxicity against BTN3A1+ cancer cells, abrogating malignant progression. Targeting BTN3A1 therefore orchestrates cooperative killing of established tumors by αβ and γδ T cells and may present a treatment strategy for tumors resistant to existing immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle K Payne
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jessica A Mine
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Subir Biswas
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ricardo A Chaurio
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Alfredo Perales-Puchalt
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Carmen M Anadon
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Tara Lee Costich
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Carly M Harro
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology and Cancer Biology PhD Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Jennifer Walrath
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Qianqian Ming
- Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Evgenii Tcyganov
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrea L Buras
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kristen E Rigolizzo
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Gunjan Mandal
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | | | | | - Julia Tchou
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-1693, USA
| | - Douglas Marchion
- Department of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Vincent C Luca
- Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Juan R Cubillos-Ruiz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Paulo C Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Dmitry I Gabrilovich
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jose R Conejo-Garcia
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA. .,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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138
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Kakimi K, Matsushita H, Masuzawa K, Karasaki T, Kobayashi Y, Nagaoka K, Hosoi A, Ikemura S, Kitano K, Kawada I, Manabe T, Takehara T, Ebisudani T, Nagayama K, Nakamura Y, Suzuki R, Yasuda H, Sato M, Soejima K, Nakajima J. Adoptive transfer of zoledronate-expanded autologous Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells in patients with treatment-refractory non-small-cell lung cancer: a multicenter, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 study. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-001185. [PMID: 32948652 PMCID: PMC7511646 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Not all non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients possess drug-targetable driver mutations, and response rates to immune checkpoint blockade therapies also remain unsatisfactory. Therefore, more effective treatments are still needed. Here, we report the results of a phase 2 clinical trial of adoptive cell therapy using zoledronate-expanded autologous Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells for treatment-refractory NSCLC. METHODS NSCLC patients who had undergone at least two regimens of standard chemotherapy for unresectable disease or had had at least one treatment including chemotherapy or radiation for recurrent disease after surgery were enrolled in this open-label, single-arm, multicenter, phase 2 study. After preliminary testing of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell proliferation, autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured with zoledronate and IL-2 to expand the Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells. Cultured cells (>1×109) were intravenously administered every 2 weeks for six injections. The primary endpoint of this study was progression-free survival (PFS), and secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), best objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), safety and immunomonitoring. Clinical efficacy was defined as median PFS significantly >4 months. RESULTS Twenty-five patients (20 adenocarcinoma, 4 squamous cell carcinoma and 1 large cell carcinoma) were enrolled. Autologous Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell therapy was administered to all 25 patients, of which 16 completed the foreseen course of 6 injections of cultured cells. Median PFS was 95.0 days (95% CI 73.0 to 132.0 days); median OS was 418.0 days (179.0-479.0 days), and best overall responses were 1 partial response, 16 stable disease (SD) and 8 progressive disease. ORR and DCR were 4.0% (0.1%-20.4%) and 68.0% (46.5%-85.1%), respectively. Severe adverse events developed in nine patients, mostly associated with disease progression. In one patient, pneumonitis and inflammatory responses resulted from Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell infusions, together with the disappearance of a massive tumor. CONCLUSIONS Although autologous Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell therapy was well tolerated and may have an acceptable DCR, this trial did not meet its primary efficacy endpoint. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER UMIN000006128.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Kakimi
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Matsushita
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keita Masuzawa
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Karasaki
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukari Kobayashi
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Nagaoka
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hosoi
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Ikemura
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kitano
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kawada
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Manabe
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Takehara
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ebisudani
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nagayama
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Ryuji Suzuki
- Repertoire Genesis Inc, Ibaraki-Shi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yasuda
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Sato
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenzo Soejima
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University Hospital, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Nakajima
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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139
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Sparrow EL, Fowler DW, Fenn J, Caron J, Copier J, Dalgleish AG, Bodman-Smith MD. The cytotoxic molecule granulysin is capable of inducing either chemotaxis or fugetaxis in dendritic cells depending on maturation: a role for Vδ2 + γδ T cells in the modulation of immune response to tumour? Immunology 2020; 161:245-258. [PMID: 32794189 PMCID: PMC7576882 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Release of granulysin by γδ T cells contributes to tumour cell killing. A cytolytic 9000 MW isoform of granulysin kills tumour cells directly, whereas a 15 000 MW precursor has been hypothesized to cause both the maturation and migration of dendritic cell (DC) populations. Recruiting DC to a tumour is beneficial as these cells initiate adaptive immune responses, which contribute to the eradication of malignancies. In this study, Vδ2+ γδ T cells were activated by stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with zoledronic acid or Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), or were isolated and cultured with tumour targets. Although a large proportion of resting Vδ2+ γδ T cells expressed 15 000 MW granulysin, 9000 MW granulysin expression was induced only after stimulation with BCG. Increased levels of activation and granulysin secretion were also observed when Vδ2+ γδ T cells were cultured with the human B-cell lymphoma line Daudi. High concentrations of recombinant 15 000 MW granulysin caused migration and maturation of immature DC, and also initiated fugetaxis in mature DC. Conversely, low concentrations of recombinant 15 000 MW granulysin resulted in migration of mature DC, but not immature DC. Our data therefore support the hypothesis that Vδ2+ γδ T cells can release granulysin, which may modulate recruitment of DC, initiating adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Sparrow
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St. George's University of London SW17 0RE, London, UK.,Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre of Cancer Immunotherapy, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Daniel W Fowler
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St. George's University of London SW17 0RE, London, UK
| | - Joe Fenn
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St. George's University of London SW17 0RE, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Caron
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St. George's University of London SW17 0RE, London, UK
| | - John Copier
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St. George's University of London SW17 0RE, London, UK
| | - Angus G Dalgleish
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St. George's University of London SW17 0RE, London, UK
| | - Mark D Bodman-Smith
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St. George's University of London SW17 0RE, London, UK
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140
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Tanaka Y. Cancer immunotherapy harnessing γδ T cells and programmed death-1. Immunol Rev 2020; 298:237-253. [PMID: 32888218 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has received increasing attention since the success of CTLA-4 and programmed death-1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T cells. One of the most promising next-generation cancer treatments is adoptive transfer of immune effector cells. Developing an efficacious adoptive transfer therapy requires growing large numbers of highly purified immune effector cells in a short period of time. γδ T cells can be effectively expanded using synthetic antigens such as pyrophosphomonoesters and nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs). Pyrophosphomonoester antigens, initially identified in mycobacterial extracts, were used for this purpose in the early years of the development of γδ T cell-based therapy. GMP-grade N-BPs, which are now commercially available, are used in many clinical trials worldwide. In order to develop N-BPs for cancer immunotherapy, N-BP prodrugs have been synthesized; among these, tetrakis-pivaloyloxymethyl 2-(thiazole-2-ylamino)ethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate (PTA) is the most potent compound for stimulating γδ T cells. The activated γδ T cells express high levels of PD-1, suggesting the potential for a combination therapy harnessing γδ T cells and PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitors. In addition, the functions of γδ T cells can be modified by IL-18. Collectively, the recent findings show that γδ T cells are one of the most promising immune effector subsets for the development of novel cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Tanaka
- Center for Medical Innovation, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Japan
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141
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La Manna MP, Orlando V, Tamburini B, Badami GD, Dieli F, Caccamo N. Harnessing Unconventional T Cells for Immunotherapy of Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2107. [PMID: 33013888 PMCID: PMC7497315 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Even if the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) has been decreasing over the last years, the number of patients with TB is increasing worldwide. The emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant TB is making control of TB more difficult. Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine fails to prevent pulmonary TB in adults, and there is an urgent need for a vaccine that is also effective in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection. Therefore, TB control may benefit on novel therapeutic options beyond antimicrobial treatment. Host-directed immunotherapies could offer therapeutic strategies for patients with drug-resistant TB or with HIV and TB coinfection. In the last years, the use of donor lymphocytes after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has emerged as a new strategy in the cure of hematologic malignancies in order to induce graft-versus leukemia and graft-versus-infection effects. Moreover, adoptive therapy has proven to be effective in controlling cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus reactivation in immunocompromised patients with ex vivo expanded viral antigen-specific T cells. Unconventional T cells are a heterogeneous group of T lymphocytes with limited diversity. One of their characteristics is that antigen recognition is not restricted by the classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC). They include CD1 (cluster of differentiation 1)–restricted T cells, MHC-related protein-1–restricted mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, MHC class Ib–reactive T cells, and γδ T cells. Because these T cells are genotype-independent, they are also termed “donor unrestricted” T cells. The combined features of low donor diversity and the lack of genetic restriction make these cells suitable candidates for T cell–based immunotherapy of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco P La Manna
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Orlando
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Bartolo Tamburini
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giusto D Badami
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nadia Caccamo
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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142
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Vyborova A, Beringer DX, Fasci D, Karaiskaki F, van Diest E, Kramer L, de Haas A, Sanders J, Janssen A, Straetemans T, Olive D, Leusen J, Boutin L, Nedellec S, Schwartz SL, Wester MJ, Lidke KA, Scotet E, Lidke DS, Heck AJ, Sebestyen Z, Kuball J. γ9δ2T cell diversity and the receptor interface with tumor cells. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:4637-4651. [PMID: 32484803 PMCID: PMC7456241 DOI: 10.1172/jci132489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
γ9δ2T cells play a major role in cancer immune surveillance, yet the clinical translation of their in vitro promise remains challenging. To address limitations of previous clinical attempts using expanded γ9δ2T cells, we explored the clonal diversity of γ9δ2T cell repertoires and characterized their target. We demonstrated that only a fraction of expanded γ9δ2T cells was active against cancer cells and that activity of the parental clone, or functional avidity of selected γ9δ2 T cell receptors (γ9δ2TCRs), was not associated with clonal frequency. Furthermore, we analyzed the target-receptor interface and provided a 2-receptor, 3-ligand model. We found that activation was initiated by binding of the γ9δ2TCR to BTN2A1 through the regions between CDR2 and CDR3 of the TCR γ chain and modulated by the affinity of the CDR3 region of the TCRδ chain, which was phosphoantigen independent (pAg independent) and did not depend on CD277. CD277 was secondary, serving as a mandatory coactivating ligand. We found that binding of CD277 to its putative ligand did not depend on the presence of γ9δ2TCR, did depend on usage of the intracellular CD277, created pAg-dependent proximity to BTN2A1, enhanced cell-cell conjugate formation, and stabilized the immunological synapse (IS). This process critically depended on the affinity of the γ9δ2TCR and required membrane flexibility of the γ9δ2TCR and CD277, facilitating their polarization and high-density recruitment during IS formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vyborova
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Dennis X. Beringer
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Domenico Fasci
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Froso Karaiskaki
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Eline van Diest
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lovro Kramer
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aram de Haas
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jasper Sanders
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anke Janssen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Trudy Straetemans
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Daniel Olive
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Marseille, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Jeanette Leusen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lola Boutin
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CRCINA, LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology,” Nantes, France
| | - Steven Nedellec
- Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Santé François Bonamy (SFR-Santé), INSERM, CNRS, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Michael J. Wester
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico (UNM), Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Keith A. Lidke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico (UNM), Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Emmanuel Scotet
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CRCINA, LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology,” Nantes, France
| | | | - Albert J.R. Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Zsolt Sebestyen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Kuball
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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143
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Deseke M, Prinz I. Ligand recognition by the γδ TCR and discrimination between homeostasis and stress conditions. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17:914-924. [PMID: 32709926 PMCID: PMC7608190 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0503-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
T lymphocytes comprise cells expressing either an αβ or a γδ TCR. The riddle how αβ TCRs are triggered by specific peptides presented in the context of MHC was elucidated some time ago. In contrast, the mechanisms that underlie antigen recognition by γδ TCRs are still baffling the scientific community. It is clear that activation of γδ TCRs does not necessarily depend on MHC antigen presentation. To date, diverse and largely host-cell-derived molecules have been identified as cognate antigens for the γδ TCR. However, for most γδ TCRs, the activating ligand is still unknown and many open questions with regard to physiological relevance and generalizable concepts remain. Especially the question of how γδ T cells can distinguish homeostatic from stress conditions via their TCR remains largely unresolved. Recent discoveries in the field might have paved the way towards a better understanding of antigen recognition by the γδ TCR and have made it conceivable to revise the current knowledge and contextualize the new findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Deseke
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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144
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Kabelitz D, Serrano R, Kouakanou L, Peters C, Kalyan S. Cancer immunotherapy with γδ T cells: many paths ahead of us. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17:925-939. [PMID: 32699351 PMCID: PMC7609273 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0504-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells play uniquely important roles in stress surveillance and immunity for infections and carcinogenesis. Human γδ T cells recognize and kill transformed cells independently of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) restriction, which is an essential feature of conventional αβ T cells. Vγ9Vδ2 γδ T cells, which prevail in the peripheral blood of healthy adults, are activated by microbial or endogenous tumor-derived pyrophosphates by a mechanism dependent on butyrophilin molecules. γδ T cells expressing other T cell receptor variable genes, notably Vδ1, are more abundant in mucosal tissue. In addition to the T cell receptor, γδ T cells usually express activating natural killer (NK) receptors, such as NKp30, NKp44, or NKG2D which binds to stress-inducible surface molecules that are absent on healthy cells but are frequently expressed on malignant cells. Therefore, γδ T cells are endowed with at least two independent recognition systems to sense tumor cells and to initiate anticancer effector mechanisms, including cytokine production and cytotoxicity. In view of their HLA-independent potent antitumor activity, there has been increasing interest in translating the unique potential of γδ T cells into innovative cellular cancer immunotherapies. Here, we discuss recent developments to enhance the efficacy of γδ T cell-based immunotherapy. This includes strategies for in vivo activation and tumor-targeting of γδ T cells, the optimization of in vitro expansion protocols, and the development of gene-modified γδ T cells. It is equally important to consider potential synergisms with other therapeutic strategies, notably checkpoint inhibitors, chemotherapy, or the (local) activation of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, D-24105, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Ruben Serrano
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Léonce Kouakanou
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Peters
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Shirin Kalyan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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145
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Aehnlich P, Carnaz Simões AM, Skadborg SK, Holmen Olofsson G, thor Straten P. Expansion With IL-15 Increases Cytotoxicity of Vγ9Vδ2 T Cells and Is Associated With Higher Levels of Cytotoxic Molecules and T-bet. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1868. [PMID: 32983105 PMCID: PMC7485111 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has shown great advances during recent years, but it has yet to reach its full potential in all cancer types. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) is now an approved treatment option for certain hematological cancers and has also shown success for some solid cancers. Still, benefit and eligibility do not extend to all patients. ACT with Vγ9Vδ2 T cells is a promising approach to overcome this hurdle. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of different cytokine conditions on the expansion of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in vitro. We could show that Vγ9Vδ2 T cell expansion is feasible with two different cytokine conditions: (a) 1,000 U/ml interleukin (IL)-2 and (b) 100 U/ml IL-2 + 100 U/ml IL-15. We did not observe differences in expansion rate or Vγ9Vδ2 T cell purity between the conditions; however, IL-2/IL-15-expanded Vγ9Vδ2 T cells displayed enhanced cytotoxicity against tumor cells, also in hypoxia. While this increase in killing capacity was not reflected in natural killer (NK) cell marker or activation marker expression, we demonstrated that IL-2/IL-15-expanded Vγ9Vδ2 T cells were characterized by an increased expression of perforin, granzyme B, and granulysin compared to IL-2-expanded cells. These cytotoxic molecules were not only increased in a resting state, but also released to a greater extent upon target recognition. In contrast, CD107a and cytokine expression did not differ between expansion conditions. However, IL-2/IL-15-expanded Vγ9Vδ2 T cells showed higher levels of transcription factor T-bet expression, which could indicate that T-bet and cytotoxic molecule levels confer the increased cytotoxicity. These results advocate the inclusion of IL-15 into ex vivo Vγ9Vδ2 T cell expansion protocols in future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Aehnlich
- Department of Oncology, National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ana Micaela Carnaz Simões
- Department of Oncology, National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Signe Koggersbøl Skadborg
- Department of Oncology, National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Gitte Holmen Olofsson
- Department of Oncology, National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Per thor Straten
- Department of Oncology, National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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146
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Shepherd FR, McLaren JE. T Cell Immunity to Bacterial Pathogens: Mechanisms of Immune Control and Bacterial Evasion. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6144. [PMID: 32858901 PMCID: PMC7504484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human body frequently encounters harmful bacterial pathogens and employs immune defense mechanisms designed to counteract such pathogenic assault. In the adaptive immune system, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted αβ T cells, along with unconventional αβ or γδ T cells, respond to bacterial antigens to orchestrate persisting protective immune responses and generate immunological memory. Research in the past ten years accelerated our knowledge of how T cells recognize bacterial antigens and how many bacterial species have evolved mechanisms to evade host antimicrobial immune responses. Such escape mechanisms act to corrupt the crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity, potentially tipping the balance of host immune responses toward pathological rather than protective. This review examines the latest developments in our knowledge of how T cell immunity responds to bacterial pathogens and evaluates some of the mechanisms that pathogenic bacteria use to evade such T cell immunosurveillance, to promote virulence and survival in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James E. McLaren
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK;
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147
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Okuno D, Sugiura Y, Sakamoto N, Tagod MSO, Iwasaki M, Noda S, Tamura A, Senju H, Umeyama Y, Yamaguchi H, Suematsu M, Morita CT, Tanaka Y, Mukae H. Comparison of a Novel Bisphosphonate Prodrug and Zoledronic Acid in the Induction of Cytotoxicity in Human Vγ2Vδ2 T Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1405. [PMID: 32793196 PMCID: PMC7385076 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing attention has been paid to human γδ T cells expressing Vγ2Vδ2 T cell receptor (also termed Vγ9Vδ2) in the field of cancer immunotherapy. We have previously demonstrated that a novel bisphosphonate prodrug, tetrakis-pivaloyloxymethyl 2-(thiazole-2-ylamino)ethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate (PTA), efficiently expands peripheral blood Vγ2Vδ2 T cells to purities up to 95–99% in 10–11 days. In the present study, we first examined the effect of PTA on farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS) using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to analyze the mechanism underlying the PTA-mediated expansion of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells. We find that the prodrug induced the accumulation of both isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), direct upstream metabolites of FDPS. This indicates that not only IPP but also DMAPP plays an important role in PTA-mediated stimulation of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells. We next analyzed TCR-independent cytotoxicity of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells. When human lung cancer cell lines were challenged by Vγ2Vδ2 T cells, no detectable cytotoxicity was observed in 40 min. The lung cancer cell lines were, however, significantly killed by Vγ2Vδ2 T cells after 4–16 h in an effector-to-target ratio-dependent manner, demonstrating that Vγ2Vδ2 T cell-based cell therapy required a large number of cells and longer time when tumor cells were not sensitized. By contrast, pulsing tumor cell lines with 10–30 nM of PTA induced significant lysis of tumor cells by Vγ2Vδ2 T cells even in 40 min. Similar levels of cytotoxicity were elicited by ZOL at concentrations of 100–300 μM, which were much higher than blood levels of ZOL after infusion (1–2 μM), suggesting that standard 4 mg infusion of ZOL was not enough to sensitize lung cancer cells in clinical settings. In addition, Vγ2Vδ2 T cells secreted interferon-γ (IFN-γ) when challenged by lung cancer cell lines pulsed with PTA in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, PTA could be utilized for both expansion of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells ex vivo and sensitization of tumor cells in vivo in Vγ2Vδ2 T cell-based cancer immunotherapy. For use in patients, further studies on drug delivery are essential because of the hydrophobic nature of the prodrug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Okuno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriho Sakamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Masashi Iwasaki
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuto Noda
- Center for Medical Innovation, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tamura
- Center for Medical Innovation, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Senju
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Umeyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Craig T Morita
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Yoshimasa Tanaka
- Center for Medical Innovation, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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148
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Cooper AJR, Lalor SJ, McLoughlin RM. Activation of Human Vδ2 + γδ T Cells by Staphylococcus aureus Promotes Enhanced Anti-Staphylococcal Adaptive Immunity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 205:1039-1049. [PMID: 32651220 PMCID: PMC7416323 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Murine studies have shown the potential for γδ T cells to mediate immunity to Staphylococcus aureus in multiple tissue settings by the secretion of diverse cytokines. However, the role played by γδ T cells in human immune responses to S. aureus is almost entirely unknown. In this study, we establish the capacity of human Vδ2+ γδ T cells for rapid activation in response to S. aureus In coculture with S. aureus-infected monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs), Vδ2+ cells derived from peripheral blood rapidly upregulate CD69 and secrete high levels of IFN-γ. DCs mediate this response through direct contact and IL-12 secretion. In turn, IFN-γ released by Vδ2+ cells upregulates IL-12 secretion by DCs in a positive feedback loop. Furthermore, coculture with γδ T cells results in heightened expression of the costimulatory molecule CD86 and the lymph node homing molecule CCR7 on S. aureus-infected DCs. In cocultures of CD4+ T cells with S. aureus-infected DCs, the addition of γδ T cells results in heightened CD4+ T cell activation. Our findings identify γδ T cells as potential key players in the early host response to S. aureus during bloodstream infection, promoting enhanced responses by both innate and adaptive immune cell populations, and support their consideration in the development of host-directed anti-S. aureus treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J R Cooper
- Host Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Stephen J Lalor
- Host Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Rachel M McLoughlin
- Host Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin 2, Ireland
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149
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Ravens S, Fichtner AS, Willers M, Torkornoo D, Pirr S, Schöning J, Deseke M, Sandrock I, Bubke A, Wilharm A, Dodoo D, Egyir B, Flanagan KL, Steinbrück L, Dickinson P, Ghazal P, Adu B, Viemann D, Prinz I. Microbial exposure drives polyclonal expansion of innate γδ T cells immediately after birth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:18649-18660. [PMID: 32690687 PMCID: PMC7414158 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1922588117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Starting at birth, the immune system of newborns and children encounters and is influenced by environmental challenges. It is still not completely understood how γδ T cells emerge and adapt during early life. Studying the composition of T cell receptors (TCRs) using next-generation sequencing (NGS) in neonates, infants, and children can provide valuable insights into the adaptation of T cell subsets. To investigate how neonatal γδ T cell repertoires are shaped by microbial exposure after birth, we monitored the γ-chain (TRG) and δ-chain (TRD) repertoires of peripheral blood T cells in newborns, infants, and young children from Europe and sub-Saharan Africa. We identified a set of TRG and TRD sequences that were shared by all children from Europe and Africa. These were primarily public clones, characterized by simple rearrangements of Vγ9 and Vδ2 chains with low junctional diversity and usage of non-TRDJ1 gene segments, reminiscent of early ontogenetic subsets of γδ T cells. Further profiling revealed that these innate, public Vγ9Vδ2+ T cells underwent an immediate TCR-driven polyclonal proliferation within the first 4 wk of life. In contrast, γδ T cells using Vδ1+ and Vδ3+TRD rearrangements did not significantly expand after birth. However, different environmental cues may lead to the observed increase of Vδ1+ and Vδ3+TRD sequences in the majority of African children. In summary, we show how dynamic γδ TCR repertoires develop directly after birth and present important differences among γδ T cell subsets.
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MESH Headings
- Africa South of the Sahara
- Bacteria/immunology
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Europe
- Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Longitudinal Studies
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Ravens
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST - Resolving Infection Susceptibility (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alina S Fichtner
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Maike Willers
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dennis Torkornoo
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabine Pirr
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jennifer Schöning
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Malte Deseke
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Inga Sandrock
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anja Bubke
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anneke Wilharm
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Beverly Egyir
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Katie L Flanagan
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, The Gambia
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
- School of Health & Biomedical Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Lars Steinbrück
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Paul Dickinson
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Ghazal
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - Bright Adu
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Dorothee Viemann
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST - Resolving Infection Susceptibility (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- PRIMAL (priming immunity at the beginning of life) Consortium, Germany
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST - Resolving Infection Susceptibility (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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150
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Jandke A, Melandri D, Monin L, Ushakov DS, Laing AG, Vantourout P, East P, Nitta T, Narita T, Takayanagi H, Feederle R, Hayday A. Butyrophilin-like proteins display combinatorial diversity in selecting and maintaining signature intraepithelial γδ T cell compartments. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3769. [PMID: 32724083 PMCID: PMC7387338 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17557-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Butyrophilin-like (Btnl) genes are emerging as major epithelial determinants of tissue-associated γδ T cell compartments. Thus, the development of signature, murine TCRγδ+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) in gut and skin depends on Btnl family members, Btnl1 and Skint1, respectively. In seeking mechanisms underlying these profound effects, we now show that normal gut and skin γδ IEL development additionally requires Btnl6 and Skint2, respectively, and furthermore that different Btnl heteromers can seemingly shape different intestinal γδ+ IEL repertoires. This formal genetic evidence for the importance of Btnl heteromers also applied to the steady-state, since sustained Btnl expression is required to maintain the signature TCR.Vγ7+ IEL phenotype, including specific responsiveness to Btnl proteins. In sum, Btnl proteins are required to select and to maintain the phenotypes of tissue-protective γδ IEL compartments, with combinatorially diverse heteromers having differential impacts on different IEL subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anett Jandke
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW11AT, UK
| | - Daisy Melandri
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW11AT, UK.,Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London Bridge, London, SE19RT, UK
| | - Leticia Monin
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW11AT, UK
| | - Dmitry S Ushakov
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW11AT, UK.,Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London Bridge, London, SE19RT, UK
| | - Adam G Laing
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW11AT, UK.,Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London Bridge, London, SE19RT, UK
| | - Pierre Vantourout
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW11AT, UK.,Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London Bridge, London, SE19RT, UK
| | - Philip East
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW11AT, UK
| | - Takeshi Nitta
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomoya Narita
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takayanagi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Regina Feederle
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum, München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Adrian Hayday
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW11AT, UK. .,Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London Bridge, London, SE19RT, UK.
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